{"id": "enwiki-00024212-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 Town of Brisbane colonial by-election\nThe Town of Brisbane colonial by-election, 1864 was a by-election held on 22 April 1864 in the electoral district of Town of Brisbane for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024212-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 Town of Brisbane colonial by-election, History\nOn 8 April 1864, George Raff, member for Town of Brisbane, resigned. William Brookes won the resulting by-election on 22 April 1864.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024213-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 Town of New Plymouth by-election\nThe 1864 Town of New Plymouth by-election was a by-election held  on 18 November 1864 in the Town of New Plymouth electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024213-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 Town of New Plymouth by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Henry Hanson Turton on 21 October 1864.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024213-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 Town of New Plymouth by-election\nHe was replaced by Charles Brown. Brown was the only nomination, so was declared elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024214-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1864 were elections for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 8, 1864. California's all-Republican delegation was unchanged. This was the first election in which California was divided into districts. Formerly, all three seats were elected at-large.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024215-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States elections\nThe 1864 United States elections were held on November 8, 1864. National Union President Abraham Lincoln was elected to a second term, while the Republicans added to their majorities in Congress. The elections were held during the American Civil War. Lincoln would be assassinated shortly into his second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024215-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States elections\nIn the Presidential election, National Union Party nominee President Abraham Lincoln defeated Democratic nominee former General George B. McClellan. Despite factionalism in the Republican Party and earlier concern about the progress of the war, Lincoln easily carried the popular vote and won the greatest share of the electoral vote since James Monroe won re-election unopposed in 1820. Lincoln's win made him the first president to win re-election since Andrew Jackson, and the first two-term President unaffiliated with the Democratic-Republican Party or the Democratic Party since John Adams. Lincoln formed a bipartisan electoral alliance with War Democrats by selecting Democrat Andrew Johnson as his running mate and campaigning on the National Union ticket, making this the first and to date only election in which a winning ticket was composed of members of two separate parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 917]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024215-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 United States elections\nRepublicans gained seats in the House of Representatives, making their plurality into a majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024215-0003-0000", "contents": "1864 United States elections\nIn the Senate, Republicans gained several seats, and continued to hold a majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election\nThe 1864 United States presidential election, the 20th quadrennial presidential election, was held on Tuesday, November 8, 1864. Near the end of the American Civil War, incumbent President Abraham Lincoln of the National Union Party easily defeated the Democratic nominee, former General George B. McClellan, by a wide margin of 212\u201321 in the electoral college, with 55% of the popular vote. For the election, the Republican Party and some Democrats created the National Union Party, especially to attract War Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election\nDespite some intra-party opposition from Salmon Chase and the Radical Republicans, Lincoln won his party's nomination at the 1864 National Union National Convention. Rather than re-nominate Vice President Hannibal Hamlin, the convention selected Andrew Johnson of Tennessee, a War Democrat, as Lincoln's running mate. John C. Fr\u00e9mont ran as the nominee of the Radical Democracy Party, which criticized Lincoln for being too moderate on the issue of racial equality, but Fr\u00e9mont withdrew from the race in September. The Democrats were divided between the Copperheads, who favored immediate peace with the Confederacy, and War Democrats, who supported the war. The 1864 Democratic National Convention nominated McClellan, a War Democrat, but adopted a platform advocating peace with the Confederacy, which McClellan rejected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 864]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election\nDespite his early fears of defeat, Lincoln won strong majorities in the popular and electoral vote, partly as a result of the recent Union victory at the Battle of Atlanta. As the Civil War was still raging, no electoral votes were counted from any of the eleven southern states that had joined the Confederate States of America. Lincoln's re-election ensured that he would preside over the successful conclusion of the Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0003-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election\nLincoln's victory made him the first president to win re-election since Andrew Jackson in 1832, as well as the first Northern president to ever win re-election. Lincoln was assassinated less than two months into his second term, and he was succeeded by his vice president, Andrew Johnson, who favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union without protection for the former slaves. This led to conflict with the Republican-dominated Congress, culminating in his impeachment by the House of Representatives in 1868. He was acquitted in the Senate by one vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0004-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, Background\nThe Presidential election of 1864 took place during the American Civil War. According to the Miller Center for the study of the presidency, the election was noteworthy for occurring at all, an unprecedented democratic exercise in the midst of a civil war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0005-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, Background\nA group of Republican dissidents who called themselves Radical Republicans formed a party named the Radical Democracy Party and nominated John C. Fr\u00e9mont as their candidate for president. Fr\u00e9mont later withdrew and endorsed Lincoln. In the Border States, War Democrats joined with Republicans as the National Union Party, with Lincoln at the head of the ticket. The National Union Party was a temporary name used to attract War Democrats and Border State Unionists who would not vote for the Republican Party. It faced off against the regular Democratic Party, including Peace Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0006-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, Nominations\nThe 1864 presidential election conventions of the parties are considered below in order of the party's popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 53], "content_span": [54, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0007-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, Nominations, National Union Party nomination, Temporary split in the Republican Party\nAs the Civil War progressed, political opinions within the Republican Party began to diverge. Senators Charles Sumner and Henry Wilson from Massachusetts wanted the Republican Party to advocate constitutional amendments to prohibit slavery and guarantee racial equality before the law. Initially, not all northern Republicans supported such measures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 127], "content_span": [128, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0008-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, Nominations, National Union Party nomination, Temporary split in the Republican Party\nDemocratic leaders hoped that the radical Republicans would put forth their own ticket in the election. The New York World newspaper, particularly interested in undermining the National Union Party, ran a series of articles predicting a delay for the National Union Convention until late in 1864 to allow Fr\u00e9mont time to collect delegates to win the nomination. Fr\u00e9mont supporters in New York City established a newspaper called the New Nation, which declared in one of its initial issues that the National Union Convention would be a \"nonentity\". The New York World also published false information (further purported by Samuel S. Cox) to limit Lincoln's popularity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 127], "content_span": [128, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0009-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, Nominations, National Union Party nomination, National Union Party\nBefore the election, some War Democrats joined the Republicans to form the National Union Party. With the outcome of the Civil War still in doubt, some political leaders, including Salmon P. Chase, Benjamin Wade, and Horace Greeley, opposed Lincoln's re-nomination on the grounds that he could not win. Chase himself became the only candidate to contest Lincoln's re-nomination actively, but he withdrew in March when a slew of Republican officials, including some within the state of Ohio upon whom Chase's campaign depended, endorsed Lincoln for re-nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 108], "content_span": [109, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0009-0001", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, Nominations, National Union Party nomination, National Union Party\nLincoln was still popular with most members of the Republican Party, and the National Union Party nominated him for a second term as president at their convention in Baltimore, Maryland, on June 7\u20138, 1864. The party platform included these goals: \"pursuit of the war, until the Confederacy surrendered unconditionally; a constitutional amendment for the abolition of slavery; aid to disabled Union veterans; continued European neutrality; enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine; encouragement of immigration; and construction of a transcontinental railroad.\" It also praised the use of black troops and Lincoln's management of the war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 108], "content_span": [109, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0010-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, Nominations, National Union Party nomination, National Union Party\nWith incumbent vice president Hannibal Hamlin remaining indifferent about the prospect of a second term in office, Andrew Johnson, the former senator from and current military governor of Tennessee, was named as Lincoln's vice presidential running-mate. He had been governor of Tennessee from 1853 to 1857 and was elected by the legislature to the Senate in 1857. In his congressional service, he sought passage of the Homestead Bill which was enacted soon after he left his Senate seat in 1862. When the Southern slave states, including Tennessee, seceded, he remained firmly with the Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 108], "content_span": [109, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0010-0001", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, Nominations, National Union Party nomination, National Union Party\nHe was the only sitting senator from a Confederate state who did not resign his seat upon learning of his state's secession. In 1862, Lincoln appointed him as military governor of Tennessee after most of it had been retaken. In 1864, Johnson was a logical choice as running mate for Lincoln, who wished to send a message of national unity in his re-election campaign, especially to ensure the electoral votes of the border states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 108], "content_span": [109, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0011-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, Nominations, National Union Party nomination, National Union Party\nOthers who were considered for the nomination, at one point or another, were former Senator Daniel Dickinson, Major General Benjamin Butler, Major General William Rosecrans, Joseph Holt, and former Treasury Secretary and Senator John Dix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 108], "content_span": [109, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0012-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination, Democratic Party vice-presidential candidates gallery\nThe Democratic Party was bitterly split between War Democrats and Peace Democrats, a group further divided among competing factions. Moderate Peace Democrats who supported the war against the Confederacy, such as Horatio Seymour, were preaching the wisdom of a negotiated peace. After the Union victory at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863, moderate Peace Democrats proposed a negotiated peace that would secure Union victory. They believed this was the best course of action, because an armistice could finish the war without devastating the South. Radical Peace Democrats known as Copperheads, such as Thomas H. Seymour, declared the war to be a failure and favored an immediate end to hostilities without securing Union victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 137], "content_span": [138, 868]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0013-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination, Democratic Party vice-presidential candidates gallery\nGeorge B. McClellan vied for the presidential nomination. Additionally, friends of Horatio Seymour insisted on placing his name before the convention, which was held in Chicago, Illinois, on August 29\u201331, 1864. But on the day before the organization of that body, Horatio Seymour announced positively that he would not be a candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 137], "content_span": [138, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0014-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination, Democratic Party vice-presidential candidates gallery\nSince the Democrats were divided by issues of war and peace, they sought a strong candidate who could unify the party. The compromise was to nominate pro-war General George B. McClellan for president and anti-war Representative George H. Pendleton for vice-president. McClellan, a War Democrat, was nominated over the Copperhead Thomas H. Seymour. Pendleton, a close associate of the Copperhead Clement Vallandigham, balanced the ticket, since he was known for having strongly opposed the Union war effort. The convention adopted a peace platform \u2013 a platform McClellan personally rejected. McClellan supported the continuation of the war and restoration of the Union, but the party platform, written by Vallandigham, opposed this position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 137], "content_span": [138, 878]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0015-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, Nominations, Radical Democracy Party nomination, Radical Democracy Party vice-presidential candidates gallery\nThe Radical Democracy Convention assembled in Ohio with delegates arriving on May 29, 1864. The New York Times reported that the hall which the convention organizers had planned to use had been double-booked by an opera troupe. Almost all delegates were instructed to support Fr\u00e9mont, with a major exception being the New York delegation, which was composed of War Democrats who supported Ulysses S. Grant. Various estimates of the number of delegates were reported in the press; The New York Times reported 156 delegates, but the number generally reported elsewhere was 350 delegates. The delegates came from 15 states and the District of Columbia. They adopted the name \"Radical Democracy Party\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 151], "content_span": [152, 850]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0016-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, Nominations, Radical Democracy Party nomination, Radical Democracy Party vice-presidential candidates gallery\nA supporter of Grant was appointed chairman. The platform was passed with little discussion, and a series of resolutions that bogged down the convention proceedings were voted down decisively. The convention nominated Fr\u00e9mont for president, and he accepted the nomination on June 4, 1864. In his letter, he stated that he would step aside if the National Union Convention would nominate someone other than Lincoln. John Cochrane was nominated for vice-president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 151], "content_span": [152, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0017-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election\nThe 1864 election was the first time since 1812 that a presidential election took place during a war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0018-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election\nFor much of 1864, Lincoln himself believed he had little chance of being re-elected. Confederate forces had triumphed at the Battle of Mansfield, the Battle of Cold Harbor, the Battle of Brices Cross Roads, the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain and the Battle of the Crater. In addition, the war was continuing to take a very high toll in terms of casualties with campaigns such as Grant's Overland Campaign and the perceived lack of progress. The prospect of a long and bloody war started to make the idea of \"peace at all cost\" offered by the Copperheads look more desirable. Because of this, McClellan was thought to be a heavy favorite to win the election. Unfortunately for Lincoln, Fr\u00e9mont's campaign got off to a good start.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0019-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election\nHowever, several political and military events eventually made Lincoln's re-election inevitable. In the first place, the Democrats had to confront the severe internal strains within their party at the Democratic National Convention. The political compromises made at the Democratic National Convention were contradictory and made McClellan's efforts to campaign seem inconsistent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0020-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election\nSecondly, the Democratic National Convention influenced Fr\u00e9mont's campaign. Fr\u00e9mont was appalled at the Democratic platform, which he described as \"union with slavery\". After three weeks of discussions with Cochrane and his supporters, Fr\u00e9mont withdrew from the race in September 1864. In his statement, Fr\u00e9mont declared that winning the Civil War was too important to divide the Republican vote. Although he still felt that Lincoln was not going far enough, the defeat of McClellan was of the greatest necessity. General Cochrane, who was a War Democrat, agreed and withdrew with Fr\u00e9mont. On September 23, 1864, Fr\u00e9mont also brokered a political deal in which Lincoln removed U.S. Postmaster General Montgomery Blair from office, and on September 24 Abraham Lincoln relieved Blair of his duty as Postmaster General. McClellan's chances of victory faded after Fr\u00e9mont withdrew from the presidential race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 963]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0021-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election\nLastly, with the fall of Atlanta on September 2, there was no longer any question that a Union military victory was inevitable and close at hand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0022-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election\nIn the end, the Union Party mobilized the full strength of both the Republicans and the War Democrats under the slogan \"Don't change horses in the middle of a stream\". It was energized as Lincoln made emancipation the central issue, and state Republican parties stressed the perfidy of the Copperheads.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0023-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThe American Civil War was in progress and unfinished during this election. Because eleven Southern states had declared secession from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America, only twenty-five states participated in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0024-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nLouisiana and Tennessee had recently been re-captured. They chose presidential electors, but their votes were rejected by Congress due to having recently seceded from the Union. Both states had voted for Lincoln, so it would not have changed the result in any case.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0025-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThree new states participated for the first time: Kansas, West Virginia, and Nevada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0026-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nDespite Kentucky's state government never seceding from the Union, the Commonwealth had an election participation rate decrease of almost 40% compared to the election of 1860.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0027-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nMcClellan won just three states: Kentucky, Delaware, and his home state of New Jersey. Lincoln won in every state he carried in 1860 except New Jersey, and also carried a state won four years earlier by Stephen Douglas (Missouri), one carried by John C. Breckinridge (Maryland) and all three newly admitted states (Kansas, Nevada and West Virginia). Altogether, 212 electoral votes were counted in Congress for Lincoln \u2013 more than enough to win the presidency even if all of the states in rebellion had participated and voted against him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0028-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nLincoln was highly popular with soldiers and they in turn recommended him to their families back home. The following states allowed soldiers to cast ballots: California, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin. Out of the 40,247 army votes cast, Lincoln received 30,503 (75.8%) and McClellan 9,201 (22.9%), with the rest (543 votes) scattering (1.3%). Only soldiers from Kentucky gave McClellan a majority of their votes, and he carried the army vote in the state by a vote of 2,823 (70.3%) to 1,194 (29.7%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0029-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nOf the 1,129 counties making returns, Lincoln won in 728 (64.5%), while McClellan carried 400 (35.4%). One county (0.1%) in Iowa split evenly between Lincoln and McClellan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0030-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThis was the last election the Republicans won in Maryland until 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0031-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Results\n(a) The states in rebellion did not participate in the election of 1864. (b) The 17 electoral votes from Tennessee and Louisiana were rejected. Had they not been rejected, Lincoln would have received 229 electoral votes out of a total of 250, well in excess of the 126 required to win. (c) One elector from Nevada did not vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0032-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Geography of results, Cartographic gallery\nResults explicitly indicating the percentage for the National Union candidate in each county", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 102], "content_span": [103, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0033-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Geography of results, Cartographic gallery\nResults explicitly indicating the percentage for the Democratic candidate in each county", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 102], "content_span": [103, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0034-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Geography of results, Cartographic gallery\nResults explicitly indicating the percentage for \"other\" candidate(s) in each county", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 102], "content_span": [103, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0035-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Geography of results, Results by state\nSource: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836\u20131892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp. 247\u201357.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 98], "content_span": [99, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0036-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nStates in red were won by Republican Abraham Lincoln; states in blue were won by Democrat George B. McClellan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0037-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nState where the margin of victory was under 1% (33 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0038-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nStates where the margin of victory was under 5% (35 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024216-0039-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nStates where the margin of victory was under 10% (65 electoral vote):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024217-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in California\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in California took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. State voters chose five electors of the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024217-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in California\nCalifornia voted for the Republican incumbent, Abraham Lincoln, over the Democratic challenger, Union Army Major General George B. McClellan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024218-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024218-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nConnecticut voted for the National Union candidate, Abraham Lincoln, over the Democratic candidate, George B. McClellan. Lincoln won the state by a narrow margin of 2.76%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024219-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Delaware\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024219-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Delaware\nDelaware was won by the 4th Commanding General of the United States Army George B. McClellan (D\u2013New Jersey), running with Representative George H. Pendleton, with 51.81%\t of the popular vote against the incumbent President Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois), running with former Senator and Military Governor of Tennessee Andrew Johnson, with 48.19% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024220-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Illinois\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Illinois voters chose 16 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024220-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Illinois\nIllinois was won by the incumbent President Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois), running with former Senator and Military Governor of Tennessee Andrew Johnson, with 54.42% of the popular vote, against the 4th Commanding General of the United States Army George B. McClellan (D\u2013New Jersey), running with Representative George H. Pendleton, with 45.58% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024221-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Indiana\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Indiana voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024221-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Indiana\nIndiana was won by the incumbent President Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois), running with former Senator and Military Governor of Tennessee Andrew Johnson, with 53.60% of the popular vote, against the 4th Commanding General of the United States Army George B. McClellan (D\u2013New Jersey), running with Representative George H. Pendleton, with 46.40% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024222-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Iowa\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Iowa voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024222-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Iowa\nIowa was won by the incumbent President Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois), running with former Senator and Military Governor of Tennessee Andrew Johnson, with 64.12% of the popular vote, against the 4th Commanding General of the United States Army George B. McClellan (D\u2013New Jersey), running with Representative George H. Pendleton, with 35.88% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024223-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Kansas\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Kansas voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024223-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Kansas\nThis was the first presidential election Kansas was involved in, as it had been admitted as the 34th state on January 29, 1861. The state won by the incumbent President Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois), running with former Senator and Military Governor of Tennessee Andrew Johnson, with 79.19% of the popular vote, against the 4th Commanding General of the United States Army George B. McClellan (D\u2013New Jersey), running with Representative George H. Pendleton, with 17.78% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024223-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Kansas\nWith 79.19% of the popular vote, Lincoln's victory with in the state would be his strongest victory in the country in terms of percentage in the popular vote, and the strongest performance by any presidential candidate in Kansas history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024223-0003-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Kansas\n543 votes were cast for an independent candidate named E. Cheeseborough along with 112 write-in votes were cast. William G. Cutler's History of the State of Kansas  states that Ellsworth Cheeseborough was nominated for Presidential Elector on the Republican ticket on September 8, 1864, but died before the election. It also appears that the write-in votes were cast for another Republican candidate for Presidential Elector Nelson McCracken, who also died before the election. All of the Cheeseborough votes came from the Soldier's vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024224-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Kentucky voters chose 11 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024224-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nKentucky was won by the 4th Commanding General of the United States Army George B. McClellan, running with Representative George H. Pendleton, with 69.83% of the popular vote against the incumbent President Abraham Lincoln, running with former Senator and Military Governor of Tennessee Andrew Johnson, with 30.17% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024224-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nDespite having been born and raised for the first five years of his life in Kentucky, Lincoln came in a distant second, losing to McClellan by 39%. In addition, it was the only state that McClellan won by more than 6%. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last occasion when Butler County and Monroe County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024225-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024225-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nLouisiana voted for incumbent Republican President Abraham Lincoln. The state (along with Tennessee) chose electors for the election after being captured early in the American Civil War. However, due to issues related to the Civil War, their votes were rejected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024226-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Maine\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024226-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Maine\nMaine voted for the National Union candidate, Abraham Lincoln, over the Democratic candidate, George B. McClellan. Lincoln won the state by a margin of 18.14%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024227-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Maryland\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Maryland voters chose seven representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024227-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Maryland\nMaryland was won by the incumbent President Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois), running with former Senator and Military Governor of Tennessee Andrew Johnson, with 55.09% of the popular vote, against the 4th Commanding General of the United States Army George B. McClellan (D\u2013New Jersey), running with Representative George H. Pendleton, with 44.91% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024227-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Maryland\nThis was the last time that a Republican would win Maryland in a presidential election until William McKinley won it in 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024228-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024228-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nMassachusetts voted for the National Union candidate, Abraham Lincoln, over the Democratic candidate, George B. McClellan. Lincoln won the state by a margin of 44.44%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024228-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nAlthough Lincoln ran under the National Union banner, this is the best Republican performance in Massachusetts as of 2021. With 72.22% of the popular vote, Lincoln's performance in Massachusetts made it his third best performance in the 1864 election after Kansas and neighboring Vermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024229-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Michigan\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024229-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Michigan\nMichigan was won by incumbent president Abraham Lincoln over Democratic challenger George B. McClellan by a margin of 7.2%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024229-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Michigan\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last time Ottawa County voted for a Democratic Presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024230-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. State voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024230-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nMinnesota was won by the incumbent President Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois), running with former Senator and Military Governor of Tennessee Andrew Johnson, with 59.06% of the popular vote, against the 4th Commanding General of the United States Army George B. McClellan (D\u2013New Jersey), running with Representative George H. Pendleton, with 40.94% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024231-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Missouri\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024231-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Missouri\nMissouri was won by the incumbent President Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois), running with former Senator and Military Governor of Tennessee Andrew Johnson, with 69.72% of the popular vote, against the 4th Commanding General of the United States Army George B. McClellan (D\u2013New Jersey), running with Representative George H. Pendleton, with 30.28% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024231-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Missouri\nDespite the fact that slavery and state's rights were popular in Missouri, the state gave Lincoln his fourth best result for popular vote percentage points after neighboring Kansas, Vermont and Massachusetts. The state was also his tenth highest for total votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024232-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Nevada\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Nevada voters chose two representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024232-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Nevada\nNevada voted in its first ever presidential election in 1864, having become the 36th state just eight days before the election (on October 31). The state was won by the incumbent President Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois), running with former Senator and Military Governor of Tennessee Andrew Johnson, with 59.84% of the popular vote, against the 4th Commanding General of the United States Army George B. McClellan (D\u2013New Jersey), running with Representative George H. Pendleton, with 40.16% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024232-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Nevada\nDue to one of the electors getting snowbound and there being no law to replace him, this election is one of three occasions (as of October 2021) where only two electoral votes were cast by a state or district in a presidential election: the others were in Mississippi in 1820, as one of the state's three electors died before the Electoral College convened and there was insufficient time to find a replacement, and the District of Columbia in 2000, as one of the district's three electors abstained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024233-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024233-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nNew Hampshire voted for the National Union candidate, Abraham Lincoln, over the Democratic candidate, George B. McClellan. Lincoln won the state by a margin of 5.12%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024234-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024234-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nNew Jersey voted for the Democratic candidate, George B. McClellan, over the National Union candidate, incumbent Abraham Lincoln. McClellan won his home state by a narrow margin of 5.68%. New Jersey was one of the three states McClellan won, with the other two being Delaware and Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024235-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in New York\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Voters chose 33 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024235-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York voted for the National Union candidate, Abraham Lincoln, over the Democratic candidate, George B. McClellan. Lincoln won the state by a bare margin of 0.92%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024236-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Ohio\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Ohio was held on November 8, 1864 as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. State voters chose twenty-one electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024236-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Ohio\nOhio was won by the National Union Party candidate, incumbent Republican President Abraham Lincoln, who won the state with 56.37% of the popular vote. The Democratic Party candidate, George B. McClellan, garnered 43.63% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024237-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Oregon\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024237-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Oregon\nOregon was won by the incumbent President Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois), running with former Senator and Military Governor of Tennessee Andrew Johnson, with 53.90% of the popular vote, against the 4th Commanding General of the United States Army George B. McClellan (D\u2013New Jersey), running with Representative George H. Pendleton, with 46.10% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024238-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Voters chose 26 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024238-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nPennsylvania voted for the National Union candidate, Abraham Lincoln, over the Democratic candidate, George B. McClellan. Lincoln won Pennsylvania by a narrow margin of 3.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024239-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024239-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nRhode Island voted for the National Union candidate, Abraham Lincoln, over the Democratic candidate, George B. McClellan. Lincoln won the state by a margin of 24.48%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024240-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. The state legislature chose 10 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024240-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nTennessee voted for incumbent Republican President Abraham Lincoln. The state (along with Louisiana) chose electors for the election after being captured early in the American Civil War. However, due to issues related to the Civil War, their votes were rejected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024241-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Vermont\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024241-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Vermont\nVermont voted for the National Union candidate, Abraham Lincoln, over the Democratic candidate, George B. McClellan. Lincoln won the state by a wide margin of 52.20%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024241-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Vermont\nWith 76.10% of the popular vote, Lincoln's victory with in the state would be his second strongest victory in the country in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024242-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 8, 1864, as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. West Virginia voters chose five representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024242-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nWest Virginia was won by the incumbent President Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois), running with former Senator and Military Governor of Tennessee Andrew Johnson, with 68.24% of the popular vote, against the 4th Commanding General of the United States Army George B. McClellan (D\u2013New Jersey), running with Representative George H. Pendleton, with 31.76% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024242-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nWith 68.24% of the popular vote, West Virginia would prove to be Lincoln's fifth strongest state in terms of popular vote percentage after Kansas, Vermont, Massachusetts and Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024243-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nThe 1864 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 8, 1864 as part of the 1864 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024243-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nNational Union Party candidate and incumbent President Abraham Lincoln won Wisconsin with 55.88 percent of the popular vote, winning the state's eight electoral votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024244-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1864 Vermont gubernatorial election for governor of Vermont took place on September 6. Incumbent J. Gregory Smith was a candidate for reelection to a second one-year term, in keeping with the provisions of the Republican Party's \"Mountain Rule\". The Democratic nominee was Timothy P. Redfield, a former member of the Vermont Senate, the Free Soil Party's 1851 nominee for governor, and the Democratic nominee in 1863. In the general election, the Republican Party's dominance of Vermont politics continued, and Smith was easily reelected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024245-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 Waimea by-election\nThe 1864 Waimea by-election was a by-election held on 29 November 1864 in the Waimea electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024245-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 Waimea by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Alfred Saunders on 31 October 1864.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024246-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 West Suffolk by-election\nThe 1864 West Suffolk by-election was held in the United Kingdom on 8 December 1864 when the incumbent Conservative MP, Frederick Hervey became the Marquess of Bristol and so had to resign his seat in the  House of Commons. His brother Augustus Hervey, also a Conservative, was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024247-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1864 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on October 27, 1864, to elect the governor of West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024248-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 Western Downs colonial by-election\nThe Western Downs colonial by-election, 1864 was a by-election held on 2 November 1864 in the electoral district of Western Downs for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024248-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 Western Downs colonial by-election, History\nOn 2 October 1864, Thomas DeLacy Moffat, one of the members of Western Downs, happened to die. FOr this reason, John Watts won the resulting by-election on 2 November 1864.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024249-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 and 1865 United States House of Representatives elections\nElections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1864 to elect Representatives to the 39th United States Congress. The election coincided with the presidential election of 1864, in which President Abraham Lincoln was re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024249-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 and 1865 United States House of Representatives elections\nIn the midst of the American Civil War, the opposition Democrats were deeply divided between the Copperheads, a group that demanded an immediate negotiated settlement with the Confederate States of America, and the War Democrats, who supported the war. With the Democrats lacking any coherent message, they lost half their seats to Lincoln's Republican Party, who increased their majority to a commanding level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024249-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 and 1865 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe National Union Party (formerly known as the Unionists) lost seven seats, retaining control of 18 seats (some classify the Representatives as including 13 Unconditional Unionists and five Unionists), all from the border states of Maryland, Tennessee, and Kentucky, as well as West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024249-0003-0000", "contents": "1864 and 1865 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries\nOne new seat was added for the new State of Nevada and 8 vacancies were filled by the readmission of Tennessee, the first secessionist state to be readmitted. Three former Confederate States held elections in 1865 that were rejected by Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 82], "content_span": [83, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024249-0004-0000", "contents": "1864 and 1865 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries\nOf the rejected elections, Florida's and Mississippi's claimants' parties are unknown, while North Carolina elected 4 Union and 3 Conservative Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 82], "content_span": [83, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024249-0005-0000", "contents": "1864 and 1865 United States House of Representatives elections, California\nNote: This was the first election in which California elected representatives from congressional districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 74], "content_span": [75, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024249-0006-0000", "contents": "1864 and 1865 United States House of Representatives elections, Nevada, 38th Congress\nOn October 31, 1864, the new state of Nevada elected Republican Henry G. Worthington to finish the term ending March 3, 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 85], "content_span": [86, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024249-0007-0000", "contents": "1864 and 1865 United States House of Representatives elections, Nevada, 39th Congress\nWorthington was not renominated for the next term, however, and on November 7, 1865, Republican Delos R. Ashley was elected November 7, 1865 for the term that had already begun but would not formally meet until December 4, 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 85], "content_span": [86, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024249-0008-0000", "contents": "1864 and 1865 United States House of Representatives elections, Ohio\nOhio's delegation swung from 14\u20135 Democratic to 17-2 Republican as 10 Democratic incumbents lost renomination or re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 68], "content_span": [69, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024249-0009-0000", "contents": "1864 and 1865 United States House of Representatives elections, Wisconsin\nWisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 8, 1864.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 73], "content_span": [74, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024250-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 and 1865 United States Senate elections\nThe United States Senate elections of 1864 and 1865 were elections corresponding with Abraham Lincoln's re-election, with the Republican Party gaining two seats in the United States Senate. As these elections occurred during the Civil War, most of the Southern States were absent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024250-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 and 1865 United States Senate elections\nAs these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024250-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 and 1865 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 38th Congress\nIn these elections \u2014 some special and some initial \u2014 the winners were seated during 1864 or in 1865 before March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024250-0003-0000", "contents": "1864 and 1865 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections leading to the 39th Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1865; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 100], "content_span": [101, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024250-0004-0000", "contents": "1864 and 1865 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 39th Congress\nIn this election, the winner was elected in 1865 after March 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024252-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1864 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024253-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1864.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024253-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1864 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024253-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1864 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024256-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in Canada, Historical documents\nReport from a Confederate agent in Canada (including failed breakout at Johnson's Island POW camp)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024256-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 in Canada, Historical documents\nBrief account of Confederate agents' raid on St. Albans, Vermont", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024256-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 in Canada, Historical documents\nConsequences in the U.S.A. follow the freeing of the St. Albans raiders by a Canadian court", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024256-0003-0000", "contents": "1864 in Canada, Historical documents\nCanadian in the Union Army describes desperate Confederate assaults at Battle of Franklin, Tennessee", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024256-0004-0000", "contents": "1864 in Canada, Historical documents\nIntelligence reports that Greek fire is being manufactured at Windsor, Ontario for burning Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit and other U.S. cities", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024256-0005-0000", "contents": "1864 in Canada, Historical documents\nHalifax, Nova Scotia sends a message of support to President Lincoln", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024256-0006-0000", "contents": "1864 in Canada, Historical documents\nSpeaker in Montreal argues the U.S.A. is not hostile toward Canada", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024257-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1864 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024264-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in Japan, Deaths\nThis year in Asia article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024266-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1864 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024266-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 in New Zealand, Sport, Cricket\nGearge Parr's All-England Eleven plays at a cricket carnival in Dunedin against teams from Otago and Canterbury. They later play at Christchurch's Hagley Park. None of the matches qualified as first-class and the home sides were allowed to field up to 22 batsmen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024271-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1864 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024273-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1864 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024274-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in architecture\nThe year 1864 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024275-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in art, Works\n29 January 1864: \"Annie, my first success\", Julia Margaret Cameron's first satisfactory print", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 18], "content_span": [19, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024275-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 in art, Works\nSadness: Ellen Terry photographed in 1864 by Julia Margaret Cameron", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 18], "content_span": [19, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024275-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 in art, Works\nChoosing: Ellen Terry painted by her husband of 1864 G. F. Watts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 18], "content_span": [19, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024276-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1864.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024276-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 in literature\nIn these times of ours, though concerning the exact year there is no need to be precise...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024277-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in paleontology\nPaleontology, palaeontology or pal\u00e6ontology (from Greek: paleo, \"ancient\"; ontos, \"being\"; and logos, \"knowledge\") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1864.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024278-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024278-0001-0000", "contents": "1864 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024278-0002-0000", "contents": "1864 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024279-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1864.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024280-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in science\nThe year 1864 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024281-0000-0000", "contents": "1864 in sports\n1864 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024284-0000-0000", "contents": "1864\u201365 Barnes F.C. season\nThis was the third season of Barnes Football Club. Significant developments included the club's first known \"athletic sports\" event, a day on which club members and members of the public were invited to take part in athletic competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024285-0000-0000", "contents": "1864\u201365 New South Wales colonial election\nThe 1864\u201365 New South Wales colonial election was held between 22 November 1864 and 10 January 1865. This election was for all of the 72 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 52 single-member constituencies, six 2-member constituencies and two 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 10 November 1864 by the Governor, Sir John Young, on the advice of the Premier, James Martin. Suffrage was limited to adult white males.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024285-0001-0000", "contents": "1864\u201365 New South Wales colonial election\nThere was no recognisable party structure at this election; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024285-0002-0000", "contents": "1864\u201365 New South Wales colonial election, Results\nNew South Wales colonial election, 22 November 1864 \u2013 10 January 1865\u200aLegislative Assembly << 1860\u20131869\u201370 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024286-0000-0000", "contents": "1865\n1865 (MDCCCLXV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1865th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 865th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 65th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  6th   year of the 1860s decade. As of the start of 1865, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024287-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1865 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1865, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama. Whig Robert M. Patton won with a narrow plurality of the votes, beating Democrat Michael J. Bulger by about 4,000 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024287-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThis was the last time a Whig won any election in US history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024288-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1865 Atlantic hurricane season included two landfalling hurricanes, with one that caused over 325\u00a0deaths. The first storm was reported on May\u00a030 by ships in the western Caribbean. A month later, a storm hit southern Texas, and in late August, a storm paralleled the coastline of the Carolinas. The fourth storm of the season was also the longest-lasting, forming east of the Lesser Antilles before hitting Guadeloupe and eventually moving ashore in Louisiana. In both of its major landfalls, the storm left many houses destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024288-0000-0001", "contents": "1865 Atlantic hurricane season\nThere was confusion whether or not the fifth storm of the season was separate from the fourth storm, as both systems struck Louisiana in September. Another hurricane occurred in late September, before the final storm of the season developed north of Panama. The final hurricane struck Cuba and Key West, Florida before dissipating north of Bermuda on October\u00a025.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024288-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Atlantic hurricane season\nAt one time, one hurricane researcher identified a tropical storm over Cuba in late August, although there was no evidence the storm actually existed. There was also a report of a hurricane over Louisiana on October\u00a022, although it is unknown if it was related to other storms in the season. There may have been additional unconfirmed tropical cyclones during the season. Meteorologist Christopher Landsea estimates up to six storms were missed from the official database, due to small tropical cyclone size, sparse ship reports, and relatively unpopulated coastlines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024288-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nOn May\u00a030, a tropical storm in the western Caribbean Sea wrecked a ship named the \"Golden Rule\", which was sailing from New York to the east coast of Nicaragua. The ship first encountered the storm on May\u00a029, reporting high winds and heavy rainfall. After the wreck, the crew sailed to a nearby island, where they were rescued by two United States ships after 10\u00a0days. The winds were estimated at 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h), although the entire track of the storm is unknown, HURDAT has done its best to track it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024288-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nThe second known storm of the season was reported near Brownsville, Texas on June\u00a030. Its existence is known based on a newspaper report in the New Orleans Times. The winds were estimated at 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h); however, it is a potentially unreliable estimate due to a lack of significant population providing observations. The entire track of the storm is unknown. It is possible that a Tropical Depression reported by newspapers 1 day later was  the same as this one, except at a lower intensity and wind speed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024288-0004-0000", "contents": "1865 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three\nA ship off the coast of Hatteras, North Carolina sustained damage from a storm on August\u00a020. Further ship reports indicated the tropical storm maintained a general northeast track off the North Carolina coastline. On August\u00a022 the storm made its closest approach to the state, and while remaining offshore it produced winds of around 45\u00a0mph (72\u00a0km/h) along the coast. Around that time, the storm attained peak winds of 70\u00a0mph (120\u00a0km/h) over the ocean. On August\u00a023, high waves from the storm left one ship's cargo a complete wreck. It was last observed on August\u00a024 to the southeast of Nantucket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024288-0005-0000", "contents": "1865 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nThe fourth tropical cyclone of the season, also the longest-lasting, was first observed on September\u00a06 to the east of the Lesser Antilles. A small cyclone, it tracked westward and struck Guadeloupe as a fully developed hurricane. Many residents in the small nearby island of Marie-Galante evacuated to Guadeloupe, but some died in the attempt. In \u00celes des Saintes, the hurricane destroyed all but two buildings. Damage was similarly heavy in Basse-Terre. The overall death toll was estimated at 300, including 36 on Marie-Galante.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024288-0005-0001", "contents": "1865 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nAfter moving through the Lesser Antilles, the hurricane moved through the Caribbean Sea, passing between Jamaica and Haiti and bypassing Cuba to the south. It curved northward in the Gulf of Mexico, moving ashore on September\u00a013 near the border between Texas and Louisiana with an estimated atmospheric pressure of 969 millibars (28.6\u00a0inHg).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024288-0006-0000", "contents": "1865 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nUpon moving ashore, the hurricane produced high tides as far east as the mouth of the Mississippi River, in addition to as far inland as Calcasieu Lake, Louisiana. Three towns were destroyed, causing two of them to be abandoned. Across the state, there were 25\u00a0deaths, many of them in Leesburg. In neighboring Texas, damage was greatest in Orange, where 196\u00a0homes were destroyed out of the 200 in the town. The hurricane capsized 19\u00a0boats in the Sabine River, causing multiple deaths. The hurricane weakened over Louisiana and dissipated over Arkansas on September\u00a014. It was also known as the \"Sabine River-Lake Calcasieu Storm\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024288-0007-0000", "contents": "1865 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nA tropical storm struck the south-central Louisiana coast on September\u00a07, while the previous system was located over the Caribbean. The storm wrecked a ship, and its winds were estimated around 70\u00a0mph (120\u00a0km/h). The track was incomplete, and there was a possibility that the storm was misreported as the previous hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024288-0008-0000", "contents": "1865 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nOn September\u00a028, a ship encountered a hurricane to the northeast of the Turks and Caicos islands. The winds in the hurricane extended far to the northwest, and high waves affected the southeast United States coast from Charleston, South Carolina to Cape Hatteras. The hurricane's track is unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024288-0009-0000", "contents": "1865 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nThe final tropical cyclone of the season formed on October\u00a018, just north of the coast of Panama. The storm brushed the country's coast with high waves for several days, causing $300,000 in damage (1865\u00a0USD). Moving north-northwestward, the storm intensified into a hurricane by October\u00a021 over the western Caribbean. After turning more to the north, it struck Cuba, producing strong winds that destroyed the roof of the Belen College Observatory in Havana. In the city, the hurricane destroyed several boats and houses. A station on the island recorded a pressure of 975\u00a0mbar (28.78\u00a0inHg), suggesting winds of about 80\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024288-0010-0000", "contents": "1865 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nAfter crossing the island, the hurricane intensified further over the Florida straits until striking Key West, Florida, where peak winds were estimated around 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h). Its pressure was estimated at 969 millibars (28.6\u00a0inHg), and the hurricane either sunk or washed every boat ashore at the harbor in Key West. Rainfall totaled 4.10\u00a0in (104\u00a0mm) over a three-day period. In nearby Fort Jefferson in the Dry Tortugas, the hurricane destroyed one building and damaged several others, killing one person. It later moved across the Florida mainland, weakening slightly. It is possible that this hurricane crossed over from the Pacific, however Pacific records are inaccurate at this time. About a dozen ships encountered the hurricane across the western Atlantic, before the storm was last observed on October\u00a025 north of Bermuda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 892]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024289-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Barcelona Workers' Congress\nThe 1865 Barcelona Workers Congress was held in December \u2014in September, according to Manuel Tu\u00f1\u00f3n de Lara - from 1865 in Barcelona (Spain) and brought together 22 Catalan workers' societies, taking advantage of a moment tolerance during the final crisis of the reign of Elizabeth II (1863-1868). It was the first workers' congress to be held in Spain, although it was limited to Catalonia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024289-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nAfter the Progressive Biennium, workers' societies were once again banned, although some continued to exist underground. There was some initiative to address the social question by members and sympathizers of the Progressive Party in Catalonia as the foundation in 1862 of the Catalan Working Class Athenaeum. The situation changed in 1864 when the Captain General of Catalonia, Domingo Dulce y Garay, in fact allowed the workers' societies to function, which opened a period of freedom, during which two newspapers of some importance appeared, El Obrero and La Asociaci\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024289-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nThe first issue of El Obrero was released on September 4, 1864, directed by Antoni Gusart i Vila, with the aim of defending \"the interests of the proletariat\" and achieving the right of workers' association, both for the \"resistance to capital\" and to form \"workers' societies applied to production and consumption\", that is, to form cooperatives, a movement that gained strength by those years and that also gave legal cover to the resistance societies. The idea of holding a Congress in Barcelona to coordinate the existing workers' societies came from El Obrero. The editors of El Obrero thought that the congress would serve to \"promote the cooperative movement, which, implanted in England a few years ago, has spread rapidly throughout the European nations.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024289-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nChaired by Gusart and by various members of the editorial staff of El Obrero, the Congress was held from December 24 to 26, 1865 \u2014 or in September, according to other sources - at the Sal\u00f3n Universal in Barcelona. Some 300 delegates from twenty-two associations attended, according to Josep Termes. Forty, according to Tu\u00f1\u00f3n de Lara. The agenda consisted of the following three points proposed by El Obrero:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024289-0004-0000", "contents": "1865 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\n1. Can the association redeem the proletarian, giving back to the worker the freedom of action that he lacks? If so, what is the course that societies should follow to avoid, as far as possible, the malaise of the working class, since up to now the situation has not improved? 2. Cooperative societies, what advantages do they bring to the associates and what are the probabilities of success? 3. Would it be advisable to establish a federation for the best success in operations and that would serve as a basis for the progressive progress of the societies?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024289-0005-0000", "contents": "1865 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThe first important agreement that was reached was the formation of a federation of workers' societies and workers' centers in those places where there was more than one society, of which El Obrero would be its official organ. One of its objectives would be to propagate \"the practice of cooperative societies.\" The second was to send a petition to the Government to recognize freedom of association, \"since how many exhibitions have been addressed to the Cortes have been as many stones thrown into deep chasm.\" The \"Exhibition\" was published in El Obrero on January 7, 1866, with Gusart as the first signatory, followed by Ram\u00f3n Carta\u00f1\u00e1, Miquel Martorell, Mat\u00edas Fuster, Josep Morera, Josep Espinal and Josep Roig. The exhibition said, among other things, the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 818]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024289-0006-0000", "contents": "1865 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nIf the association of capitals has given the middle class the preponderance that it enjoys today, the effects of which are derived from the wise law of progress, the materially producing class must reach the position that corresponds to it as an integral part of the nation; There can be no doubt that the union and solidarity that the association carries with it is what will lead it to the achievement of such a just right. [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024289-0006-0001", "contents": "1865 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\n...]  The conditions to which our class is currently subjected are in extreme vexatious; the shortage of wages, the heavy burden of an unbearable work on our physical strength, considerably diminish the robustness of the producing arm and hundreds of our brothers die emaciated from pain in the middle of their existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024289-0007-0000", "contents": "1865 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nPolitics was not discussed in Congress, \"nor was anyone allowed to speak about the state, nor would it have been allowed, as it was not the responsibility of the meeting.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024290-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1865 saw Frederic W. Lincoln Jr. reelected to a seventh overall term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024291-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Broadway\n1865 Broadway is a building in New York City owned by AvalonBay Communities and designed by architect Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill. It is located on the Lincoln Square neighborhood of Manhattan's Upper West Side, on Broadway between 61st and 62nd Streets. The new structure replaced another SOM-designed building completed in 1965.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024291-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Broadway, History, Original building\nThe headquarters of the American Bible Society originally stood on the site. Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill designed the original structure. It incorporated some Biblical symbolism, inspired by its anchor tenant. John Kriskiewicz, a Manhattan-based historian of architecture, referred to the original 1865 Broadway as \u201cstructurally expressive\u201d but also expressed that it \u201cmight have left the public cold.\u201d The Bible Society placed the building on the market in 2014.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 41], "content_span": [42, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024291-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Broadway, History, New structure\nAvalonBay purchased the building from the Society in 2015 for $300 million, after the organization announced it intended to move its headquarters to Philadelphia. Like the former building, Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill designed the new building. 1865 Broadway topped out in December 2017. The building will contain mostly residential space, with a mix of apartments for rent and condominiums for sale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 37], "content_span": [38, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024291-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 Broadway, History, New structure\nSOM took inspiration from the facade of I. M. Pei's Brutalist Kips Bay Towers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 37], "content_span": [38, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024292-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Burnett colonial by-election\nThe 1865 Burnett colonial by-election was a by-election held on 13 May 1865 in the electoral district of Burnett for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024292-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Burnett colonial by-election, History\nOn 15 April 1865, John Edwards, the member for Burnett, resigned. Charles Haly won the resulting by-election on 13 May 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024293-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Canterbury colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of Canterbury in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 24 February 1865 because of the resignation of John Lucas, who had been elected to both Canterbury, and Hartley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024294-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Cerberus\n1865 Cerberus is a stony asteroid and near-Earth object of the Apollo group, approximately 1.6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 26 October 1971, by Czech astronomer Lubo\u0161 Kohoutek at the Hamburger Bergedorf Observatory, Germany, and given the provisional designation 1971 UA. It was named for Cerberus from Greek mythology.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024294-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Cerberus, Orbit and classification\nCerberus orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.6\u20131.6\u00a0AU once every 1 years and 1 month (410 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.47 and an inclination of 16\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 39], "content_span": [40, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024294-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Cerberus, Orbit and classification\nThe Apollo asteroid has an Earth minimum orbital intersection distance of 0.1567\u00a0AU (23,400,000\u00a0km), which corresponds to 61 lunar distances. It passes within 30 gigametres (Gm) of the Earth 7 times from the year 1900 to the year 2100, each time at a distance of 24.4 Gm to 25.7 Gm. It also makes close approaches to Mars and Venus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 39], "content_span": [40, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024294-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 Cerberus, Physical characteristics\nIn the Tholen and SMASS taxonomy, Cerberus is a common stony S-type asteroid, composed of 65% plagioclase and 35% pyroxene. It has a rotation period of 6.804 hours and a geometric albedo of 0.220. With a maximum lightcurve range of 2.3, Cerberus may be cigar shaped like 1I/\u02bbOumuamua.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 39], "content_span": [40, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024294-0004-0000", "contents": "1865 Cerberus, Naming\nThis minor planet is named after the figure from Greek mythology, Cerberus, a three-headed dog that guarded the entrance to Hades, the Underworld. His capture marked the last of the twelve labors of Hercules. It is also the name of an extinct constellation, Cerberus, now contained in the eastern part of Hercules. (It should not be confused with Kerberos, a moon of the dwarf planet Pluto.) The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 December 1974 (M.P.C. 3758).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024295-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Chicago mayoral election\nIn the Chicago mayoral election of 1865, Republican John Blake Rice defeated Democratic incumbent Francis Cornwall Sherman by a landslide 33% margin of victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024295-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Chicago mayoral election\nThe election was held on April 18, only four days after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024295-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Chicago mayoral election\nOriginally, Democrat Leonard Rothgerber had been one of the candidates running. However, in the aftermath of the assassination of the Republican president, the shaken public had come to coalesce in support of Republican mayoral candidate Rice. Sensing this, Democratic candidate Leonard Rothgerber withdrew from the race and declared that there was a need for the nation to stand united. As a gesture of gratitude, Rice reimbursed Rothgerber's campaign expenses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024295-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 Chicago mayoral election\nWhile he remained on the ballot, Sherman also all-but-withdrew from the race as well in the aftermath of Lincoln's assassination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024295-0004-0000", "contents": "1865 Chicago mayoral election\nThis was the last of four mayoral elections which Chicago held during the course of the American Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024296-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Clermont colonial by-election\nThe Clermont colonial by-election, 1865 was a by-election held on 18 March 1865 in the electoral district of Clermont for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024296-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Clermont colonial by-election, History\nUnder the Additional Members Act 1864, the seats of Clermont, Kennedy, Maryborough, Mitchell, Rockhampton and Warrego were created. By-elections to fill the new seats were held on 1 February 1865 (Maryborough and Rockhampton), on 18 March 1865 (Clermont and Kennedy) and on 25 March 1865 (Mitchell and Warrego). Sydney Davis was elected in Clermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024297-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1865 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 3, 1865, the last such election held during the American Civil War, and the last gubernatorial election in which the Republicans adopted the National Union Party name. It was a rematch of the 1864 Connecticut gubernatorial election. Incumbent governor and National Union nominee William Alfred Buckingham defeated Democratic nominee Origen S. Seymour with 57.48% of the vote. It was the eighth and last of Buckingham's consecutive victories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024298-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Danish Folketing election\nFolketing elections were held in Denmark on 30 May 1865. Christian Albrecht Bluhme remained Prime Minister after the elections, although only until November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024298-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Danish Folketing election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held using first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies. Only 14% of the population was eligible to vote in the elections, with suffrage restricted to men over 30 who were not receiving poor relief (or who had not paid back any previous poor relief received), were not classed as \"dependents\" (those who were privately employed but did not have a household) and who had lived in their constituency for a certain length of time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024299-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Dunedin mayoral election\nThe Dunedin mayoral election held on 21 July 1865 was the inaugural mayoral election in Dunedin, New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024299-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Dunedin mayoral election\nFive candidates stood for election. William Mason was successful, with James Paterson coming second. The other three candidates received much fewer votes than those two candidates. Edward Cargill acted as returning officer. Polling was undertaken in four wards: South, High, Bell, and Leith. A secret ballot based on the first-past-the-post voting system was used in Dunedin, in contrast to Christchurch and Wellington, where mayors were chosen by the city councillors amongst one of themselves until 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024300-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 East Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Sydney on 17 February 1865 because Charles Cowper had been appointed Premier and Colonial Secretary, forming the fourth Cowper ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested however on this occasion a poll was required in East Sydney, The Glebe (Thomas Smart) and  West Sydney (John Darvall and John Robertson). Each minister was comfortably re-elected. Only The Paterson (William Arnold) was uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024300-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 East Sydney colonial by-election\nFrederick Birmingham was a surveyor and engineer from Parramatta, who was an unsuccessful candidate for Parramatta at the election in November 1864, polling just 16 votes (1.3%)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024301-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Ecuadorian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Ecuador in 1865. The result was a victory for Jer\u00f3nimo Carri\u00f3n, who received 73% of the vote. he took office on 7 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024302-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 English cricket season\n1865 was the 79th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). W. G. Grace made his debut as a first-class player and the new Lancashire County Cricket Club played its first match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024303-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Florida gubernatorial election\nThe 1865 Florida gubernatorial election was held on November 29, 1865. Democratic nominee David S. Walker ran completely unopposed and was elected unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024303-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Florida gubernatorial election\nThis election was the first election following the begin of reconstruction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024304-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Glebe colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Glebe on 17 February 1865 because Thomas Smart had been appointed Colonial Treasurer in the fourth Cowper ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested however on this occasion a poll was required in East Sydney (Charles Cowper), The Glebe and  West Sydney (John Darvall and John Robertson). Each minister was comfortably re-elected. Only The Paterson (William Arnold) was uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024304-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Glebe colonial by-election\nDaniel Dalgleish was a former member for West Sydney who was defeated at the election on 24 November 1864. He was then an unsuccessful candidate at the elections for The Glebe (29 November 1864) and Goldfields South (10 January 1865). The day after his loss here, Dalgelish was again unsuccessful at the West Sydney by-election (18 February 1865), which was the final occasion on which he stood for parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024305-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Gold Fields by-election\nA by-election was held in the Gold Fields electorate on 29 May 1865. The by-election was won by Charles Edward Haughton, who defeated two other candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024305-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Gold Fields by-election, Background\nThe Gold Fields electorate was a two-member constituency, and William Baldwin and George Brodie were the initial representatives starting with the 1863 supplementary election. Baldwin resigned, and this triggered the by-election. His resignation took effect on 27 April 1865, but it was known about well before that date. Henry Wirgman Robinson was appointed as returning officer, and he set the date for the nomination meeting for Monday, 22 May, with an election to be held if required the following Monday. Robinson also defined the polling places: thirteen courthouses throughout Otago, and six campsites.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024305-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Gold Fields by-election, Run up to the election\nCharles Edward Haughton of Arrowtown was the first person to declare his candidacy; he was first mentioned in the newspapers on 12 April. The local Queenstown newspaper, the Lake Wakatip Mail, came out in strong opposition to Haughton and thought him unqualified to represent the electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024305-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 Gold Fields by-election, Run up to the election\nOther candidates were Messrs Manders of Queenstown, James Benn Bradshaw, Duncan Campbell, and Jackson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024305-0004-0000", "contents": "1865 Gold Fields by-election, Run up to the election, Nomination meeting\nThe nomination meeting was held at the courthouse in Lawrence, the centre of the Tuapeka district. Manders and Jackson were delayed and could not get to the meeting in time, and their nominations were not allowed. Campbell won the show of hands at the nomination meeting by a large margin, and a poll was demanded on behalf of Haughton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 72], "content_span": [73, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024305-0005-0000", "contents": "1865 Gold Fields by-election, Election\nHaughton received 227 votes out of a total of 506; his majority was 78 votes. Bradshaw came second with 149 votes. Campbell received 130 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024305-0006-0000", "contents": "1865 Gold Fields by-election, Election\nBradshaw put a protest to the returning officer regarding the deputy returning officer at Nevis not having received the official instructions until after the close of the poll. The returning officer declared that his deputy at Nevis had been sworn in as required, and that the instructions had not arrived in time was immaterial as no elector had come to the polling station during the day. The table below shows the results for the individual polling stations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024305-0007-0000", "contents": "1865 Gold Fields by-election, Election\nHaughton represented the Gold Fields electorate until the end of the term in 1866, and was then successful in the 1866 election in the Hampden electorate. Bradshaw stood in the 1866 election in the Gold Field Towns electorate and was also returned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024306-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Grand National\nThe 1865 Grand National was the 27th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 8 March 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024307-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 14 May 1865. Supporters of Alexandros Koumoundouros emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, holding 95 of the 170 seats. Koumoundouros remained Prime Minister until 1 November, when he was replaced by Epameinondas Deligiorgis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024308-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Gwydir colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Gwydir on 29 June and 20 July 1865 as a result of the Committee on Elections and Qualifications declaring that the seat of Thomas Dangar was vacant because he had an office of profit under the Crown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024308-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Gwydir colonial by-election\nDangar was elected at the 1865 election for the Gwydir in unusual circumstances. Dangar had been appointed the returning officer but was persuaded to stand for the seat, resulting in a delay of a month before the poll could be held. Dangar had a contract with the Government to carry the mail on the Barwon and Namoi rivers and this was held to be an office of profit and thus disqualified him from being a member of the Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024308-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Gwydir colonial by-election, Polling places\nPolling did not occur at the late added polling places until 20 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024308-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 Gwydir colonial by-election, Result\nIt was a comfortable victory for Dangar, with his margin over Single increasing from 53 votes to 81 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024309-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Hungarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Hungary between 10 November and 11 December 1865. The De\u00e1k Party won a majority of the seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024309-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Hungarian parliamentary election, Results\n1: The Far-Left was a fraction of the Centre-left Party. They didn't have own membership or president", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024309-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Hungarian parliamentary election, Results\nLater, after the joining of representatives from Transylvania and Croatia, the constitution of the Parliament was as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024310-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 International Exhibition\nThe Exposi\u00e7\u00e3o Internacional do Porto, known in English as the International Exhibition of 1865, was a world's fair held in the Portuguese city of Porto. The exhibition was housed inside the grand Pal\u00e1cio de Cristal, which was modelled on the synonymous Crystal Palace erected for The Great Exhibition held during 1851 in London. The building's designer was Anglo-Irish civil engineer Francis Webb Sheilds, who also engineered its construction \u2013 he had been the resident engineer for the earlier building between 1852 and 1858. The building was demolished in 1951 after hosting many other expositions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024310-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 International Exhibition, Background\nThe exhibition was inaugurated on 15\u00a0September 1865 in the presence of the Portuguese king, Lu\u00eds\u00a0I and his consort Maria Pia of Savoy. Upon inauguration, it became the first world's to occur on the Iberian Peninsula. The exhibition was shown until January 1866, and the theme of the event was industrial and trade innovations with an emphasis in primary materials, machinery, manufacture and fine arts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024310-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 International Exhibition, Organization\nChiefly organized by the Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Industrial Portuense (today called the Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Empresarial de Portugal), the exhibition hosted 3,139 exhibitors, of which 499 were French, 265 German, 107 British, 89 Belgian, 62 Brazilian, 24 Spanish, and 16 Danish. Russia, the Netherlands, Turkey, the United States and Japan were also represented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024311-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Iowa Senate election\nIn the 1865 Iowa State Senate elections, Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the eleventh Iowa General Assembly. Following the expansion of the Iowa Senate from 46 to 48 seats in 1865, elections were held for 23 of the state senate's 48 seats. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024311-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election in 1863, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 41 seats to Democrats' five seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024311-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 20 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024311-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 42 seats and Democrats having six seats (a net gain of 1 seat each for Republicans and Democrats).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024312-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Italian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Italy on 22 October 1865, with a second round of voting on 29 October. It was the second one in the history of Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024312-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nThe Historical Right was led by the former Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora, a long-time general who fought during the Italian unification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024312-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nOn the other hand, the bloc of the Historical Left was led by Urbano Rattazzi, a liberal politician who was between the founders of the Italian left-wing parliamentary group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024312-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nIn opposition to the two main blocs there were a third party known as The Extreme, a far-left coalition, under the leadership of Giuseppe Mazzini, an Italian revolutionary and a key figure of the Unification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024312-0004-0000", "contents": "1865 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nOn 22 and 29 October, only 504,263 men of a total population of around 23 million were entitled to vote. Right-wing candidates emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament with around 41% of the 443 seats. They were largely aristocrats representing rentiers from the north of the country, and held moderate political views including loyalty to the crown and low government spending; the general La Marmora was appointed Prime Minister by the king Victor Emmanuel II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024313-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Kennedy colonial by-election\nThe Kennedy colonial by-election, 1865 was a by-election held on 18 March 1865 in the electoral district of Kennedy for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024313-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Kennedy colonial by-election, History\nUnder the Additional Members Act 1864, the seats of Clermont, Kennedy, Maryborough, Mitchell, Rockhampton and Warrego were created. By-elections to fill the new seats were held on 1 February 1865 (Maryborough and Rockhampton), on 18 March 1865 (Clermont and Kennedy) and on 25 March 1865 (Mitchell and Warrego). George Elphinstone Dalrymple was elected in Kennedy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024314-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Liberian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liberia in May 1865. The result of the presidential election was a victory for incumbent President Daniel Bashiel Warner of the Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024315-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Liverpool Town Council election\nElections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Wednesday 1 November 1865. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024315-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Liverpool Town Council election, Election result\nBecause nine of the sixteen wards were uncontested, these statistics should be taken in that context.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024315-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Liverpool Town Council election, Aldermanic Elections\nAt the meeting of the Council on 9 November 1865, the terms of office of eight alderman expired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024315-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 Liverpool Town Council election, Aldermanic Elections\nThe following eight were elected as Aldermen by the Council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 9 November 1865 for a term of six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024316-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Louisiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1865 Louisiana gubernatorial election was the second election to take place under the Louisiana Constitution of 1864. As a result of this election James Madison Wells was re-elected Governor of Louisiana. The result was a lopsided victory for Wells because many whites, who supported the Democratic Party, remained disqualified due to their support of the Confederacy. Nonetheless Democrats nominated fugitive former Governor Henry Watkins Allen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024317-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Maltese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Malta between 9 and 14 January 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024317-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Maltese general election, Background\nThe elections were held under the 1849 constitution, which provided for an 18-member Government Council, of which ten members would be appointed and eight elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024317-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Maltese general election, Results\nA total of 2,685 people were registered to vote, of which 2,329 cast votes, giving a turnout of 87%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024318-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Maryborough colonial by-election\nThe Maryborough colonial by-election, 1865 was a by-election held on 1 February 1865 in the electoral district of Maryborough for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024318-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Maryborough colonial by-election, History\nUnder the Additional Members Act 1864, the seats of Clermont, Kennedy, Maryborough, Mitchell, Rockhampton and Warrego were created. By-elections to fill the new seats were held on 1 February 1865 (Maryborough and Rockhampton), on 18 March 1865 (Clermont and Kennedy) and on 25 March 1865 (Mitchell and Warrego). William Henry Walsh was elected in Maryborough.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024319-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1865 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024319-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nGovernor John Albion Andrew did not run for a sixth term in office. Republican Alexander Bullock was elected to succeed him, defeating Democrat Darius Couch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024319-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination\nAt the Worcester convention on September 14, Alexander Bullock was nominated unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024320-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 86th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1865 during the governorship of John Albion Andrew. Jonathan E. Field served as president of the Senate and Alexander Hamilton Bullock served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024321-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Melbourne Cup\nThe 1865 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Thursday, 2 November 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024321-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Melbourne Cup\nThis year was the fifth running of the Melbourne Cup. The Victoria Racing Club awarded a trophy for the first time in the history of the race. The race was won by an 8 year old Gray named Toryboy becoming both the first gray and 8 year old to win the race. The runner up, Panic actually protested the race which was quickly dismissed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024321-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Melbourne Cup\nThis is the list of placegetters for the 1865 Melbourne Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024322-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Memphis earthquake\nThe 1865 Memphis earthquake struck southwest Tennessee near the Mississippi River in the United States on August 17 that year. Soon after the Mfa\u202f5.0 earthquake hit, observers said the earth appeared to undulate and waves formed in nearby rivers. The force of the earthquake felled and cracked chimneys in Memphis and New Madrid, Missouri on the other side of the Mississippi. Shaking from the earthquake spread as far as St. Louis, Missouri; Jackson, Mississippi; and Illinois. Apart from the 1811\u201312 New Madrid earthquakes, only three major events have struck the state of Tennessee, in 1843, 1865, and 1895. Several minor events have taken place as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024322-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Memphis earthquake, Background\nThe earliest earthquakes known to have struck Tennessee were the series known as the New Madrid earthquakes, which rocked the Midwestern United States from their base in Missouri. Damage consisted of fallen chimneys on buildings. More significant were major geologic changes, including sand volcanoes, fissures, and even sinking of land. The events were recorded by whites and Native Americans. Three major earthquake events occurred in Tennessee in 1843, 1865, and 1895. The 1843 event registered Mercalli intensities of VIII (Severe); it resulted in cracking walls, shattering windows, and toppling chimneys. Felt over an area of 1,000,000 square kilometers (386,102\u00a0sq\u00a0mi), the earthquake caused more alarm than damage in Western Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024322-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Memphis earthquake, Damage and intensity\nShaking in 1865 felled chimneys in Memphis, and the earth \"appeared to undulate\", creating small waves on rivers nearby. The earthquake was felt from Illinois throughout the lower Mississippi Valley from Illinois Mississippi. According to a 1993 paper by the United States Geological Survey, this event had a magnitude of 5.0 and a Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). This body wave magnitude was derived using either the felt area of the shock or an isoseismal map. In a 2009 report, \"Tennessee Earthquake History\", the USGS did not include the 1865 earthquake. It classified the 1843 temblor as having a greater Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), compared to the 1865 event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024323-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1865 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1865 to elect the governor of Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024324-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Mitchell colonial by-election\nThe Mitchell colonial by-election, 1865 was a by-election held on 25 March 1865 in the electoral district of Mitchell for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024324-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Mitchell colonial by-election, History\nUnder the Additional Members Act 1864, the seats of Clermont, Kennedy, Maryborough, Mitchell, Rockhampton and Warrego were created. By-elections to fill the new seats were held on 1 February 1865 (Maryborough and Rockhampton), on 18 March 1865 (Clermont and Kennedy) and on 25 March 1865 (Mitchell and Warrego). John Gore Jones won in Mitchell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024325-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Monara colonial by-election\nA by-election was held in the New South Wales state electoral district of Monara, also called Monaro, on 30 March 1865. No poll was required as William Grahame was the only candidate nominated. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of James Martin. At the 1864\u201365 New South Wales colonial election, Martin had been defeated at elections for East Sydney (22 November), Tumut (10 December) and Wellington (21 December), before being elected to both Monara (24 December) and The Lachlan (28 December). Martin chose to resign from Monara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024326-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 New Jersey gubernatorial election\nThe 1865 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1865. Republican nominee Marcus Lawrence Ward defeated Democratic nominee Theodore Runyon with 51.07% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024327-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 New York state election\nThe 1865 New York state election was held on November 7, 1865, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, two Judges of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioners, an Inspector of State Prisons and the Clerk of the Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024327-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on September 6 and 7 at Albany, New York. C. H. Winfield was Temporary Chairman until the choice of James M. Humphrey as President. ;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024327-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on September 20 at Syracuse, New York. Charles J. Folger was Temporary Chairman until the choice of Chauncey M. Depew as Permanent Chairman. Ward Hunt and John K. Porter were nominated for the Court of Appeals by acclamation. Francis Barlow was nominated for Secretary of State on the first ballot (vote: Barlow 191, Charles H. Van Wyck 172, Daniel E. Sickles 3, Chauncey M. Depew [incumbent] 1). Thomas Hillhouse was nominated for Comptroller on the first ballot (vote: Hillhouse 253, James A. Bell 82, Tracy Beadle 25).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024327-0002-0001", "contents": "1865 New York state election, History\nJohn Howland was nominated for Treasurer on the first ballot (vote: Howland 208, George W. Schuyler [incumbent] 146). John H. Martindale was nominated for Attorney General by acclamation. J. Platt Goodsell was nominated for State Engineer on the second ballot (first ballot: Goodsell 123, Charles K. Graham 123, William B. Taylor [incumbent] 72, Charles W. Mentz 26, Daniel C. Jeune 21; second ballot: Goodsell 200, Graham 153, Taylor 7). Robert C. Dorn was nominated for Canal Commissioner on the first ballot (vote: Dorn 186, Alexander Barkley 160). Henry A. Barnum was nominated for Prison Inspector during the first ballot. Patrick H. Jones was nominated for Clerk of the Court of Appeals by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024327-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 New York state election, Results\nThe incumbent Porter was re-elected. The incumbent Robinson was defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024327-0004-0000", "contents": "1865 New York state election, Results\n27 Republicans and 5 Democrats were elected to a two-year term (1866\u201367) in the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024327-0005-0000", "contents": "1865 New York state election, Results\n91 Republicans and 37 Democrats were elected for the session of 1866 to the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024328-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Newfoundland general election\nThe 1865 Newfoundland general election was held on 7 November 1865 to elect members of the 9th General Assembly of Newfoundland in Newfoundland Colony. The Conservative Party led by Frederick Carter formed the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024329-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Norwegian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Norway in 1865. As political parties were not officially established until 1884, all those elected were independents. The number of seats in the Storting remained at 111, the first time it had been unchanged since 1823. Voter turnout was 41.8%, although only 4.8% of the country's population was eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024330-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1865 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 10, 1865. National Union nominee Jacob Dolson Cox defeated Democratic nominee George W. Morgan with 53.53% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024331-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Omata by-election\nThe 1865 Omata by-election was a by-election held  on 18 July in the Omata electorate in Taranaki during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024331-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Omata by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, James Crowe Richmond, who had been appointed to the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024331-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Omata by-election\nHe was replaced by Francis Gledhill. Atkinson won on the show of hands, but Gledhill's supporters requested a poll which was held on the next day. Then Gledhill won by one vote, although apparently two Atkinson supporters from Waitara arrived three or four minutes late after the polling station had closed and had to \"reserve their vote\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024332-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Open Championship\nThe 1865 Open Championship was the sixth Open Championship and was held on 14 September at Prestwick Golf Club. Andrew Strath won the championship by two shots from Willie Park, Sr. There were 12 competitors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024332-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Open Championship\nStrath had the lead after the first round on 55, a one stroke ahead of Willie Dow and Park, and two ahead of Old Tom Morris. Making his debut, Young Tom Morris scored 60. After two rounds, Park was in the lead with a total of 108 after a round of 52 with Strath a shot behind on 109. Both Dow and Morris dropped out of contention after poor rounds. In the final round, Park scored 56 while Strath took 53 to give him a two stroke victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024333-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Parnell by-election\nThe 1865 Parnell by-election was a by-election held on 20 April 1865 in the Parnell electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024333-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Parnell by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Reader Wood on 18 February 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024333-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Parnell by-election\nAs no other candidates were nominated, he was declared duly elected; Mr Creighton and Mr Coolahan had retired from the contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024334-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League Convention\nThis was the first meeting of the Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League, which was a civil rights organization formed to promote equal rights for African American citizens of the state. The Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League was part of a nationwide movement to promote legal and political rights for black Americans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024334-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League Convention, Proceedings of the Convention\nThis convention convened in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania at the Union Wesleyan Church from February 8\u201310, 1865. Two sessions were held per day. The morning session was from 9:30am to 12:30pm, and the afternoon session was from 2pm to 5pm. Each session was opened with prayer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024334-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League Convention, Proceedings of the Convention, Resolutions Adopted\nRules for the conduction of future League meetings were also established:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 106], "content_span": [107, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024334-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League Convention, Proceedings of the Convention, Legacy of the Convention\nA devoted contingent of interracial civil rights activists was established and supported by the work of this Convention, though the emphasis was still on activists of color. The members of the Convention acknowledged and welcomed the input and effort of \"... the friends of Equal Rights without regard to color.\" Members of the Convention petitioned Congress for nationwide citizenship and enfranchisement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 111], "content_span": [112, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024334-0003-0001", "contents": "1865 Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League Convention, Proceedings of the Convention, Legacy of the Convention\nThey published an address to the citizens of Pennsylvania, explaining the reasons for the League's formation, and calling for equal rights to be conferred upon the colored people of Pennsylvania; they reminded citizens and lawmakers that colored people had once been considered legal citizens of the state, and those rights had been taken from them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 111], "content_span": [112, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024334-0004-0000", "contents": "1865 Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League Convention, Proceedings of the Convention, Legacy of the Convention\nSpecial mention was made of the women whose work supported the Convention. The Convention offered thanks to the women who worked to alleviate the suffering of African-American soldiers and pledged to help them however possible, though Convention membership was not offered to women.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 111], "content_span": [112, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024334-0005-0000", "contents": "1865 Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League Convention, Notable Members\nSome parties to the convention were prominent civil rights activists. These men were elected to office within the League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 71], "content_span": [72, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024334-0006-0000", "contents": "1865 Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League Convention, Notable Members\nWilliam Nesbit was elected president of the League. He was instrumental in lobbying Congress for the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 71], "content_span": [72, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024334-0007-0000", "contents": "1865 Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League Convention, Notable Members\nOctavius Catto, George B. Vashon, and Jacob C. White Jr. were elected as secretaries over the longer course of the League's lifespan. For this first meeting, Octavius Catto, Redman Fausett, and Alex T. Harris served as secretaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 71], "content_span": [72, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024335-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Peruvian presidential referendum\nA referendum on Mariano Ignacio Prado becoming provisional President was held in Peru on 28 November 1865. Prado had come to power in April 1865 after launching a military coup against President Juan Antonio Pezet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024335-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Peruvian presidential referendum\nAfter his position was approved in the referendum, on 28 July 1866 he called elections for a Constitutional Council. The Council met for the first time on 15 February 1867, and a new constitution came into force on 19 August. However, Prado left the country on 8 January 1868 after riots, and the following day Congress annulled the new constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024336-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Philadelphia mayoral election\nThe Philadelphia mayoral election of 1865 saw the election of Morton McMichael.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024337-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 8 July 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024338-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Raglan by-election\nThe 1865 Raglan by-election was a by-election held on 19 April 1865 in the Raglan electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024338-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Raglan by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Charles John Taylor on 1 April 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024338-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Raglan by-election\nAs no other candidates were nominated, he was declared duly elected; Joseph Crispe had retired from the contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024339-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Rangitikei by-election\nThe 1865 Rangitikei by-election was a by-election held on 10 July 1865 in the Rangitikei electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024339-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Rangitikei by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Fox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024339-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Rangitikei by-election\nThe by-election was won by Robert Pharazyn. As he was the only candidate nominated, he was duly declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024340-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Rockhamption colonial by-election\nThe Rockhampton colonial by-election, 1865 was a by-election held on 1 February 1865 in the electoral district of Rockhampton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024340-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Rockhamption colonial by-election, History\nUnder the Additional Members Act 1864, the seats of Clermont, Kennedy, Maryborough, Mitchell, Rockhampton and Warrego were created. By-elections to fill the new seats were held on 1 February 1865 (Maryborough and Rockhampton), on 18 March 1865 (Clermont and Kennedy) and on 25 March 1865 (Mitchell and Warrego). Charles Fitzsimmons was elected in Rockhampton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024341-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 South Australian colonial election\nColonial elections were held in South Australia from 20 February to 13 March 1865. All 36 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024341-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 South Australian colonial election\nSince the inaugural 1857 election, no parties or solid groupings had been formed, which resulted in frequent changes of the Premier. If for any reason the incumbent Premier of South Australia lost sufficient support through a successful motion of no confidence at any time on the floor of the house, he would tender his resignation to the Governor of South Australia, which would result in interested members declaring their intent to run for the vacant position. A parliamentary ballot would then take place, resulting in the member with the most votes being sworn in by the Governor as the next Premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024341-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 South Australian colonial election\nInformal groupings began and increased government stability occurred from the 1887 election. The United Labor Party would be formed in 1891, while the National Defence League would be formed later in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024342-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 South Carolina State Convention of Colored People\nThe 1865 South Carolina State Convention of Colored People was a statewide meeting of African American civil rights activists after emancipation and the end of the Civil War. The convention took place November 20\u201425, 1865, at the Zion Church in Charleston, South Carolina. Delegates discussed various reforms and adopted three documents by the end of the  convention, including the \"Address of the State Convention,\" the \"Declaration of Rights and Wrongs,\" and the \"Memorial to Congress.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024342-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 South Carolina State Convention of Colored People, Organizing the convention, Colored people's conventions\nAt the time, various conventions were held across Southern states in order to arrange elections and prepare for political reintegration back into the Union. However, none of these conventions included African American representatives, so in an effort to make their voices heard, African Americans held their own \"colored people conventions.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 111], "content_span": [112, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024342-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 South Carolina State Convention of Colored People, Organizing the convention, Colored people's conventions\nAt the 1865 South Carolina Convention, 52 African American delegates from throughout the state gathered to discuss various issues and potential reforms that could take place in the state. In addition, the state committee published a letter, the \"Address of the State Convention,\" to the white population of South Carolina, highlighting their concerns that African Americans had not been included in the conversation over political integration. They demanded that African Americans had the same rights as any other American.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 111], "content_span": [112, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024342-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 South Carolina State Convention of Colored People, Organizing the convention, Convention leadership\nPresident Thomas M. Holmes led the convention, while Jacob Mills, J.J. Wright, W.M. Simmons served as vice presidents. Alongside forming a state central committee, individual committees were also appointed for financial and business matters. The state central committee held the duty to advise on the general interests of colored people, and it had the ability to call a state convention of colored people whenever it felt it  needed to.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 104], "content_span": [105, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024342-0004-0000", "contents": "1865 South Carolina State Convention of Colored People, Outcomes of the convention\nAfrican Americans discussed various ideas at the convention, including the establishment of good schools in every neighborhood throughout the state of South Carolina, as well as measures to keep school children in regular attendance. Delegates at the convention wanted to advance the interests of the people, devise a means for mutual protections, and to encourage the industrial interests of the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 82], "content_span": [83, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024342-0005-0000", "contents": "1865 South Carolina State Convention of Colored People, Outcomes of the convention\nAfter a debate, the committee passed a resolution on the topic of maintaining good relations between former slaves and slaveholders. Some  delegates had called for no malice against former slaveholders; they believed chattel slavery was a thing of the past, and African Americans should instead work to establish unity, peace, and brotherhood among all men. By the end of the convention, the committee adopted and distributed three resolutions: the \"Address of the State Convention,\" which was sent to the people of South Carolina; the \"Memorial to Congress,\" which was sent to the U.S Senate and House of Representatives; and the \"Declaration of Rights and Wrongs.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 82], "content_span": [83, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024343-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1865 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on October 18, 1865 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. It was the first gubernatorial election in which the voters of South Carolina were able to directly choose the Governor as a result of the ratification of the South Carolina Constitution of 1865. However, the constitution only permitted for white males to cast ballots and blacks were forbidden from voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024343-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held on October 18, 1865 and James Lawrence Orr was elected as the first postbellum governor of South Carolina. He won a narrow victory over Wade Hampton who campaigned for his supporters not to vote for him. Neither candidate was aligned with any political party for the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024344-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 State of the Union Address\nThe 1865 State of the Union Address was written by the 17th president of the United States, Andrew Johnson. It was presented to the United States Congress on Monday, December 4, 1865. He stated, \"Our thoughts next revert to the death of the late President by an act of parricidal treason. The grief of the nation is still fresh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024344-0000-0001", "contents": "1865 State of the Union Address\nIt finds some solace in the consideration that he lived to enjoy the highest proof of its confidence by entering on the renewed term of the Chief Magistracy to which he had been elected; that he brought the civil war substantially to a close; that his loss was deplored in all parts of the Union, and that foreign nations have rendered justice to his memory.\" The American Civil War had ended, and now it was time for the Reconstruction era to begin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024345-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Town of Brisbane colonial by-election\nThe Town of Brisbane colonial by-election, 1865 was a by-election held on 23 November 1865 in the electoral district of Town of Brisbane for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024345-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Town of Brisbane colonial by-election, History\nIn November 1865, Charles Blakeney, member for Town of Brisbane, resigned, having accepted an appointment as a District Court judge in the Western District. George Raff won the resulting by-election unopposed on 23 November 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024346-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Town of New Plymouth by-election\nThe 1865 Town of New Plymouth by-election was a by-election held in the Town of New Plymouth electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament, on 19 May 1865. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Charles Brown, and was won unopposed by Henry Sewell. Whilst Sewell was not a local resident, he was a member of the government through his appointment to the Legislative Council, the upper house of Parliament. Sewell accepted the invitation to represent the electorate, as him becoming a member of the lower house was seen to strengthen the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024346-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Town of New Plymouth by-election, Background, Charles Brown\nAged 33, Brown had been elected the first Superintendent of the Taranaki Province in 1853. He had served until his defeat in 1857 and had been re-elected in 1861, and held that post at the time of the 1865 by-election. Brown had first been elected to the New Zealand House of Representatives in the 1855 election in the Grey and Bell electorate, another constituency in Taranaki. Since an 1864 by-election, he had been representing the Town of New Plymouth electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024346-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Town of New Plymouth by-election, Background, Charles Brown\nBrown resigned from the House of Representatives on 12 April 1865, and informed the electors via an advertisement in the next edition of the Taranaki Herald of his decision. The advertisement called for a meeting on the day of its publication where Brown would outline his reasons for resigning. Due to the short notice, only ten electors came and the meeting was postponed by a week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024346-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 Town of New Plymouth by-election, Background, Charles Brown\nAt the next meeting, again held at the Masonic Hall in New Plymouth, 50 electors turned up, and Thomas Kelly took the chair. Brown explained that his principal objective as a member of the House of Representatives was to \"watch the progress\" of the Taranaki compensation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024346-0003-0001", "contents": "1865 Town of New Plymouth by-election, Background, Charles Brown\nThis compensation was in relation to the First and Second Taranaki War, where settlers were commandeered by the government to join the local militia, and once under military command, they had to watch when their homesteads were destroyed and their cattle were stolen without being able to respond, and the military hierarchy would not let them. Henry Sewell estimated the loss to the settlers at close to \u00a3200,000. Another item of interest to him was the exchange of town sections, which the government had since assigned Henry Sewell to resolve.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024346-0003-0002", "contents": "1865 Town of New Plymouth by-election, Background, Charles Brown\nBrown noted that when Parliament was in session in Wellington, he could not simultaneously carry out his duties as Superintendent, as that required him to be in Taranaki, which caused problems for the province. The only issue that justified him remaining in the House of Representatives was to represent the area's interest with regards to the proposed harbour construction, but the cost estimate for this was still several months away. Attendees passed a motion that Brown had fulfilled his duties in an appropriate manner while he represented them in the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024346-0004-0000", "contents": "1865 Town of New Plymouth by-election, Background, Henry Sewell\nHenry Sewell had first come to New Zealand as the deputy chairman (a paid position) of the Canterbury Association in February 1853. The Association was in financial crisis and Sewell was instrumental in resolving the debt issues for Canterbury Province. In August 1853 Sewell stood in New Zealand's first general election, winning the Town of Christchurch electorate, which he represented in the 1st New Zealand Parliament. Sewell was re-elected in the 1855 election and also elected onto the Canterbury Provincial Council for the Lyttelton electorate in 1855. In May 1856, he became New Zealand's first Premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024346-0004-0001", "contents": "1865 Town of New Plymouth by-election, Background, Henry Sewell\nHe resigned from Parliament later in 1856 but remained an unofficial member of Parliament's executive and returned to England on ministerial duties. Sewell returned to New Zealand in early 1859 and again took up a previous role as Colonial Treasurer. He was re-elected to the House of Representatives in an 1860 by-election and served until the end of the term in November 1860. At the end of the session, he was dissatisfied with the actions of his former fellow Government ministers and did not seek re-election. Instead, he was appointed Registrar-General of Lands by Edward Stafford. In August 1861, he was appointed to the New Zealand Legislative Council so that he could become part of the 2nd Fox Ministry as Attorney-General. By all accounts, Sewell was a senior politician.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 846]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024346-0005-0000", "contents": "1865 Town of New Plymouth by-election, Election\nElectors made a requisition to Henry Sewell, asking him to represent the electorate in the House of Representatives. The Taranaki Herald predicted that Sewell would accept the invitation, as it would strengthen the government by having him as a member of the lower house as opposed to the upper house. The Taranaki Herald further predicted that there would not be any opposition to Sewell's candidature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024346-0006-0000", "contents": "1865 Town of New Plymouth by-election, Election\nSewell, who at the time was in Wellington, placed an advertisement in the 6 May edition of the Taranaki Herald accepting the invitation. Sewell stated that he would continue to look after the interests of Taranaki as a member of the government. The acceptance was dated 24 April; there were no telegraphs to New Plymouth at that time, but mail was carried by ship. The Taranaki Herald put its support behind Sewell's candidature, too.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024346-0007-0000", "contents": "1865 Town of New Plymouth by-election, Election\nAt the nomination meeting on 19 May, Sewell was the only person proposed. He was thus declared elected unopposed by the returning officer. Sewell resigned from the Legislative Council three days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024346-0008-0000", "contents": "1865 Town of New Plymouth by-election, Election\nJames Crowe Richmond was appointed to the Legislative Council to fill the vacancy left by Sewell. Richmond was appointed on 8 July 1865, which was soon after the 3rd Parliament began its fifth session. Sewell represented the Town of New Plymouth electorate until the end of the term in 1866, when he returned to live in England for some years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024347-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 United Kingdom general election\nThe 1865 United Kingdom general election saw the Liberals, led by Lord Palmerston, increase their large majority over the Earl of Derby's Conservatives to 80. The Whig Party changed its name to the Liberal Party between the previous election and this one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024347-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 United Kingdom general election\nPalmerston died in October the same year and was succeeded by Lord John Russell as Prime Minister. Despite the Liberal majority, the party was divided by the issue of further parliamentary reform, and Russell resigned after being defeated in a vote in the House of Commons in 1866, leading to minority Conservative governments under Derby and then Benjamin Disraeli.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024347-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 United Kingdom general election\nThis was the last United Kingdom general election until 2019 where a party increased its majority after having been returned to office at the previous election with a reduced majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024347-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 United Kingdom general election, Corruption\nThe 1865 general election was regarded by contemporaries as being a generally dull contest nationally, which exaggerated the degree of corruption within individual constituencies. In his PhD thesis, Cornelius O'Leary described The Times as having reported \"the testimony is unanimous that in the General Election of 1865 there was more profuse and corrupt expenditure than was ever known before\". As a result of allegations of corruption, 50 election petitions were lodged, of which 35 were pressed to a trial; 13 ended with the elected MP being unseated. In four cases a Royal Commission had to be appointed because of widespread corrupt practices in the constituency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024347-0004-0000", "contents": "1865 United Kingdom general election, Corruption\nAs a result, when he became Prime Minister in 1867, Benjamin Disraeli announced that he would introduce a new method for election petition trials, which were then determined by a committee of the House of Commons, resulting in the Parliamentary Elections Act 1868, whereby two Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, Exchequer of Pleas or Queen's Bench would be designated to try election petitions with full judicial salaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024348-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nThe 1865 United Kingdom general election in Ireland took place in July 1865. It was the first election contested by the new Liberal Party. In Ireland, the Liberals led by Palmerston increased by 8 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024348-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nNot included in the results is the University of Dublin constituency, which returned two Conservatives to parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024349-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 United States House of Representatives election in Florida\nAn election to the United States House of Representatives was held in Florida for the 39th Congress on November 29, 1865, shortly after the end of the Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [63, 63], "content_span": [64, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024349-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 United States House of Representatives election in Florida, Background\nOn January 21, 1861, Florida's Senate and House seats had become vacant when the State seceded from the Union, subsequently joining the Confederate States of America. Florida had been represented in the Confederate Congress by two Senators and two Representatives. The Civil War had ended in April 1865, and Florida held its first post-War election on November 29", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [65, 75], "content_span": [76, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024349-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 United States House of Representatives election in Florida, Post-election\nAlong with the other former Confederate States, Florida was not permitted to be represented in Congress until after Reconstruction. Florida was readmitted in 1868, and held its first post-Reconstruction election on May 5, 1868, representation resuming on July 1, 1868, after nearly 7 and a half years' absence from Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [65, 78], "content_span": [79, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024350-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nThe 1865 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held during January 1865. Incumbent Republican Senator Henry Wilson was re-elected easily to a second term as a member of the Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024350-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nAt the time, Massachusetts elected United States senators by a majority vote of each separate house of the Massachusetts General Court, the House and the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024350-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background\nAt the time, the Massachusetts legislature was dominated the Republican Party, whose members held nearly every seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024350-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election in the House\nOn January 10, the House voted for Wilson's re-election and sent the vote to the Senate for ratification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 74], "content_span": [75, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024350-0004-0000", "contents": "1865 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election in the Senate\nOn January 20, the State Senate convened and ratified Wilson's re-election by an overwhelming margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 75], "content_span": [76, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024351-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1865 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 5, 1865. In keeping with the \"Mountain Rule\", incumbent Republican J. Gregory Smith, who had served two one-year terms, was not a candidate for reelection as governor of Vermont. With the election taking during the American Civil War, Dillingham ran as a pro-Union Republican. The Democratic nomination was won by Charles N. Davenport of Wilmington, an attorney and founder of the Brattleboro Reformer newspaper. In the general election, Dillingham was easily elected to a one-year term as governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024352-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Viroqua tornado\nThe 1865 Viroqua tornado moved through western Wisconsin on Thursday, June 29, 1865. With at least 22 fatalities, it was one of the first deadly tornadoes recorded in Wisconsin after it became a state 17\u00a0years prior.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024352-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Viroqua tornado, Synopsis\nApproaching Viroqua, Wisconsin, the funnel was accompanied by a \"branch whirl holding on like a parasite.\" Multiple vortex \"branches\" and \"eddies\" were observed as the tornado passed through the town. \"Death rode upon that sulphury siroc\" as \"the angry elements at the beck of an invisible power lay waste the fairest portion of the village.\" Ten people were killed on one street.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024352-0001-0001", "contents": "1865 Viroqua tornado, Synopsis\nA death toll of 17 is usually given for this tornado, but according to the History of Vernon County at least 13\u00a0people were killed in Viroqua and as many as 12 others may have died later from injuries. The tornado moved at an estimated 60\u00a0mph as it approached a schoolhouse 2\u00a0miles east of Viroqua containing a teacher and 24 students. The building was lifted into the air \"and dashed to ground\", killing the teacher and eight students. Foot-square timbers were carried \"long distances; tree tops were filled with feather beds, chairs, and clothing. All kinds of livestock were either dead or writhing on the points of broken branches; 20-ton rocks were rolled, lifted, and broken\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024353-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Wairarapa by-election\nThe 1865 Wairarapa by-election was a by-election held  on 29 July in the Wairarapa electorate in the Wairarapa during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024353-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Wairarapa by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Charles Carter, who had returned to England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024354-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Warrego colonial by-election\nThe Warrego colonial by-election, 1865 was a by-election held on 25 March 1865 in the electoral district of Warrego for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024354-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Warrego colonial by-election, History\nUnder the Additional Members Act 1864, the seats of Clermont, Kennedy, Maryborough, Mitchell, Rockhampton and Warrego were created. By-elections to fill the new seats were held on 1 February 1865 (Maryborough and Rockhampton), on 18 March 1865 (Clermont and Kennedy) and on 25 March 1865 (Mitchell and Warrego). Frederick Forbes was elected in Warrego.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024355-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1865 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1865. Republican Party candidate Lucius Fairchild won the election with nearly 55% of the vote, defeating Democratic candidate Harrison Carroll Hobart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024355-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe incumbent Governor, James T. Lewis, refused nomination for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024355-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe American Civil War had concluded just a few months before this election was held; both major party candidates in this election were retired brigadier generals who had served with distinction in the war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024355-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Democratic Party\nHarrison Carroll Hobart had served as a Union Army officer through the entire war, rising from captain to brigadier general, operating as colonel of the 21st Wisconsin Infantry Regiment and brigadier in XIV Corps in the western theater of the war. He was captured and escaped captivity during the war. Prior to the war, Hobart had served in the Wisconsin State Assembly, and had served as Speaker of the Assembly in the 1849 session. He had also served as in the Wisconsin State Senate during the 1st Wisconsin Legislature. This was Hobart's second attempt at election for Governor of Wisconsin, having been defeated by Alexander Randall in the 1859 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024355-0004-0000", "contents": "1865 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Republican Party\nLucius Fairchild was the incumbent Wisconsin Secretary of State at the time of the 1865 election, having been elected in the 1863 election on the Democratic Party ticket. Fairchild was one of the first Wisconsin men to volunteer for service in the Union Army, rising from captain to colonel with the 2nd Wisconsin Infantry Regiment in the famous Iron Brigade in the eastern theater of the war. He led the regiment in fierce fighting during the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg. At Gettysburg, Fairchild was wounded and captured. He was quickly released from captivity, but his left arm had been crushed and had to be amputated. He returned to Madison to recuperate, and was then nominated for Wisconsin Secretary of State. President Lincoln awarded him an honorary promotion to brigadier general.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 857]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024356-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 Yass Plains colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Yass Plains on 6 November 1865 because Peter Faucett accepted an appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024357-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 flooding of Bucharest\nAs a result of snowmelt, Bucharest, the capital of Romania, was hit by the worst flooding in its history. Although the death toll is unknown, documents attest a large number of dead and displaced people. At people's pressure, Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza started a project of sewering the D\u00e2mbovi\u021ba River, which concretized only in 1880, after the plans of engineer Grigore Cerkez. Modern facilities were built to supply water to the city and 12 bridges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024357-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 flooding of Bucharest, Flooding\nThe sixth decade of the 19th century was marked by severe flooding in the area surrounding the capital, mainly caused by torrential rains. Additional snowmelt in the spring of 1865 caused one of the most devastating natural disasters in the history of Bucharest. Then, the D\u00e2mbovi\u021ba River flooded large parts of Bucharest, lying from Groz\u0103ve\u0219ti to Vitan. According to some documents cited by historian Dan Falcan, the water level reached up to three meters in some areas, ravaging Calea Rahovei, the Manuc's Inn and the Mihai Vod\u0103 Hill. Moreover, the circulation was totally interrupted, and water and food supply were made with great difficulty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 36], "content_span": [37, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024357-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 flooding of Bucharest, Flooding\nIn an article from The Illustrated London News appears that \"nearly one-half of the straggling extent of Bucharest is submerged\", showing the ampleness of the flood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 36], "content_span": [37, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024357-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 flooding of Bucharest, Reactions\nThe troops, especially the artillery and engineers, were deployed on the spot with boats. Bread, meat, wine and spirits were voluntarily furnished by the wealthier inhabitants of the upper districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024357-0004-0000", "contents": "1865 flooding of Bucharest, Reactions\nThe press began a violent campaign against the government, accused that spent the money from taxes on unnecessary things, such as theaters, gardens, cattle breed improvement, etc., although the population was exposed to such calamities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024357-0005-0000", "contents": "1865 flooding of Bucharest, Reactions\nAt the request of Prince Cuza, the government passed a law to dismantle the manorial mills that hindered the flow of D\u00e2mbovi\u021ba River. Likewise, it's passed a law according to that all mills and sluices that \"throttle\" waters to be dismantled, in order not to repeat the catastrophe. Historians note that work began immediately, with hundreds of prisoners taken to work from prisons around Bucharest. The river bed was cleaned and widened to 20 meters, and bridges with pylons in water were destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024359-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1865 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024360-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024360-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1865 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024360-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1865 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024361-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in Belgium, Balance of trade\nIn 1865 imports to Belgium were valued at 1.364 million francs, with exports of 1.204 million francs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024363-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in Canada, Historical documents\nConfederation Canada must be aware of might of United States", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024363-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 in Canada, Historical documents\nU.S. Congress resolves to withdraw from treaty limiting navies on Great Lakes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024363-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 in Canada, Historical documents\nPowerful British MP Benjamin Disraeli says Britain would be foolish to lose Canada", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024363-0003-0000", "contents": "1865 in Canada, Historical documents\nGovernor General orders flags flown at half-mast following President Lincoln's assassination", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024363-0004-0000", "contents": "1865 in Canada, Historical documents\nArrest on U.S.A.-bound Canadian ship of man ready to kill \"Yankees\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024363-0005-0000", "contents": "1865 in Canada, Historical documents\nProvince of Canada law requires prostitutes available to sailors and soldiers to report for medical inspection if summoned", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024364-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1865 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024366-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in Denmark\nThe following lists events that happened during 1865 in Denmark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024367-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in France\nThe following lists events that happened during 1865 in the French Empire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024371-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in Michigan, Population\nIn the 1860 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 749,113, an increase of 88.4% from the 1850 Census when the population was 397,654. By 1870, Michigan's population had increased by another 58.1% to 1,184,059.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024371-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 in Michigan, Population, Cities\nThe following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 3,000 based on 1860 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1850 and 1870 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024371-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 in Michigan, Population, Counties\nThe following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 20,000 based on 1860 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1850 and 1870 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024372-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1865 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024372-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 in New Zealand, Sport, Horse racing\nThe race which becomes the New Zealand Cup in 1883, is run for the first time at Riccarton Racecourse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024372-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 in New Zealand, Sport, Rowing\nThe Star Boating Club is formed in Wellington. (other sources state 1867)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024377-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1865 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024379-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1865 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024381-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in architecture\nThe year 1865 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024383-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024385-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024386-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024386-0001-0000", "contents": "1865 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024386-0002-0000", "contents": "1865 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024387-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024388-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in science\nThe year 1865 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024389-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in sports\n1865 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024391-0000-0000", "contents": "1865 in the United States\nEvents from the year 1865 in the United States. The American Civil War ends with the surrender of the Confederate States, beginning the Reconstruction era of U.S. history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024393-0000-0000", "contents": "1865\u201366 Nottingham Forest F.C. season\nThe 1865\u201366 season was Nottingham Forest's first season in existence. Nottingham Forest Football Club originally emerged from a group of \"shinty\" players who played a then popular game very similar to hockey. At a time when football began to emerge as a growing force, a special meeting took place in 1865 at the Clinton Arms, Shakespeare Street to discuss a proposition moved by J.S.Scrimshaw to switch games from \"shinty\" to football. This was passed, and the first official football match played was on 22 March 1866 against Notts County (who had been formed in 1862). Following a brief transitional period and the establishment of new committee the playing of shinty was dropped and the name \"Nottingham Forest Football Club\" was born.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024393-0001-0000", "contents": "1865\u201366 Nottingham Forest F.C. season, Team kit\nThe year 1865 was of equal importance in that at the same meeting at the Clinton Arms, the other main resolution passed was for the team to purchase a dozen red caps, complete with tassels, thereby establishing the official club colour: \"Garibaldi Red\", named after the leader of the Italian freedom fighters known as the Redshirts, who were universally popular in England at that time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024393-0002-0000", "contents": "1865\u201366 Nottingham Forest F.C. season, Matches, Summary\nNottingham Forest played their first ever match on 22 March 1866 against local opposition, Notts County, at the Forest Recreation Ground. 17 of Forest's players played just 11 of Notts' and it finished 0\u20130. They played again less than a month later which also finished 0\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024394-0000-0000", "contents": "1866\n1866 (MDCCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1866th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 866th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 66th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  7th   year of the 1860s decade. As of the start of 1866, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024395-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1866 Atlantic hurricane season was originally one of only four Atlantic hurricane seasons in which every known tropical cyclone attained hurricane status, along with 1852, 1858, and 1884. Initially, there were three known storms during the season, but a re-analysis confirmed the increased activity. There were also two other systems that were included as tropical cyclones at one time, although both were considered to have been other storms already in the database. All tropical activity occurred between the middle of July and the end of October. There may have been additional unconfirmed tropical cyclones during the season. Meteorologist Christopher Landsea estimates that up to six storms were missed from the official database, due to small tropical cyclone size, sparse ship reports, and relatively unpopulated coastlines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 866]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024395-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Atlantic hurricane season\nEvery storm but the fourth hurricane affected land during the season. The first hurricane hit Matagorda, Texas in July, the only one of the season to hit the United States as a hurricane. A month later a hurricane made two landfalls in Mexico. The third hurricane of the season formed near Bermuda and was last observed along the southern coast of Newfoundland. A few weeks later another storm executed a similar track, although it struck Newfoundland as a hurricane and caused damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024395-0001-0001", "contents": "1866 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe most notable storm of the season was the Great Nassau Hurricane, which killed at least 383\u00a0people in the Turks and Caicos, Bahamas, and the western Atlantic Ocean. It attained winds of 140\u00a0mph (220\u00a0km/h), which is a Category\u00a04 on the modern-day Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The final hurricane developed over the Bahamas and later struck New Jersey, producing strong winds and high tides across New England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024395-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nThe first hurricane of the season was observed on July\u00a011, when a schooner encountered heavy seas to the south of the Florida Panhandle. As the hurricane moved westward, it remained a short distance off the Gulf Coast of the United States, bringing strong winds to New Orleans on July\u00a012. High tides surrounded the lighthouse at Timbalier Bay for about 24\u00a0hours, prompting the lighthouse keeper to resign from loneliness and from fear of the weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024395-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nOn July\u00a015, the hurricane moved ashore near Matagorda Bay in Texas, with winds estimated around 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h), or a Category\u00a02 on the Saffir-Simpson scale. At landfall, the minimum barometric pressure was estimated at 969\u00a0mbar (28.61\u00a0inHg). The hurricane's strong winds broke all of the boats from their moorings in the Matagorda harbor. Four ships were either lost or wrecked, and one schooner was washed ashore. The storm dissipated early on July\u00a016 after progressing further inland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024395-0004-0000", "contents": "1866 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nOn August\u00a013, a ship encountered a severe hurricane in the eastern Caribbean Sea. Based on observations, it is estimated the hurricane attained winds of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h). There were no reports for several days, although based on continuity it is estimated the storm passed south of Jamaica on August\u00a015. The following day, the hurricane struck the eastern Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula, washing seven boats ashore. It is estimated to have weakened to a tropical storm while moving over land, although the system re-intensified into a hurricane in the Bay of Campeche. It made its second and final landfall near Veracruz before dissipating on August\u00a018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024395-0005-0000", "contents": "1866 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe third hurricane of the season was first encountered on September\u00a04 by a ship 200\u00a0mi (320\u00a0km) north of Bermuda; the vessel sustained damage to its foretopmast. The storm affected another ship later that day, leaving similar heavy damage. Tracking generally northeastward, the hurricane was last observed on September\u00a07 near Newfoundland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024395-0006-0000", "contents": "1866 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nOn September\u00a018 and for two days subsequently, a barque sailed through a hurricane near the Cape Verde islands. The vessel was en route from New York to Shanghai, but due to a leak from the storm it had to return to New York for repairs. Aside from a single reported location, the track of the hurricane is unknown. Winds were estimated around 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024395-0007-0000", "contents": "1866 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nA ship named \"Honduras\" observed the fifth hurricane of the season on September\u00a022 to the south-southeast of Nova Scotia. The ship lost its masts and sails from the storm, and based on the observations the winds were estimated around 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h). Additional ship reports indicated the hurricane maintained a northeast track toward Newfoundland. Late on September\u00a023, the hurricane made landfall in south-central Newfoundland, although it quickly weakened to tropical storm intensity. The winds spread across much of the island, severing the telegraphs in and around St. John's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024395-0007-0001", "contents": "1866 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nLate on September\u00a024, the storm was last observed to the north of the island. Around August 14, the emigrant bark Laura left Bremen en route to Baltimore, Maryland. According to a contemporary account in the Baltimore Sun, \"She reports having encountered a hurricane on the 22d September, shipping a tremendous sea, which washed overboard seven passengers and one of the crew, besides slightly injuring fifty others.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024395-0008-0000", "contents": "1866 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nThe Great Nassau Hurricane of 1866 or The Great Bahamas Hurricane of 1866 was the sixth hurricane of the season and was also the longest-lasting. The brig Jarien encountered the hurricane on September\u00a024 to the west-southwest of the Cape Verde islands. The track is unknown for the following five days, until another ship reported a hurricane about 20\u00a0miles (32\u00a0km) north of Anegada in the British Virgin Islands. The hurricane affected the Leeward Islands, washing several ships ashore and destroying a pier in St. Thomas. On September\u00a030 through the following day, the cyclone moved through the Turks and Caicos Islands, becoming what was considered \"one of the most terrific hurricanes ever known\". About 75% of the population was left homeless and moneyless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024395-0009-0000", "contents": "1866 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nAfter affecting the Turks and Caicos Islands, the hurricane passed through the Bahamas. The eye crossed over Nassau, where a barometric pressure of 938\u00a0mbar (27.70\u00a0inHg) was reported. Based on this observation, the hurricane is estimated to have had sustained winds of 140\u00a0mph (220\u00a0km/h). The hurricane struck without warning in the Bahamas, either washing ashore or sinking every ship but one in Nassau. In addition, strong winds downed trees and destroyed roofs. Every building in Nassau was damaged or destroyed. After moving through the islands, the hurricane curved northeastward, affecting dozens of other ships and wrecking four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024395-0009-0001", "contents": "1866 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nOn October\u00a04, it passed north of Bermuda, where it produced Force\u00a011 winds on the Beaufort scale. The hurricane was last observed on October\u00a05 to the southeast of Atlantic Canada. Along its path through the Turks and Caicos, the Bahamas, and the western Atlantic, the hurricane killed at least 383\u00a0people, making it among the 100 deadliest Atlantic hurricanes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024395-0010-0000", "contents": "1866 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven\nThe final storm of the season was first observed on October\u00a028 over the Bahamas, and may have been a hybrid or subtropical cyclone. It moved north-northwestward through the island chain, followed by a turn to the north-northeast over the western Atlantic. Several ships encountered the tropical storm, and one lost their supply of molasses. On October\u00a030, the cyclone, at the time transitioning to extratropical, struck on the southern end of Long Beach Island with winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024395-0010-0001", "contents": "1866 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven\nAs it moved through the northeastern United States, the storm dropped heavy rainfall, causing flooding near Jersey City and Hoboken, New Jersey. In Brooklyn, the storm moved the rail cars off their tracks, while in Providence, Rhode Island the winds destroyed three buildings and wrecked the roofs of two others. Further northeast, the storm disrupted shipping and cut telegraph lines, although no fatalities were reported. The post-tropical storm was last observed over Vermont late on October\u00a030.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024396-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Bathurst colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Bathurst on 21 December 1866 because James Kemp resigned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024397-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Belgian general election\nPartial general elections were held in Belgium on 12 June 1866. In the elections for the Chamber of Representatives the result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 70 of the 122 seats. Voter turnout was 70%, although only 51,465 people were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024397-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Belgian general election\nUnder the alternating system, elections were only held in four out of the nine provinces: Hainaut, Limburg, Li\u00e8ge and East Flanders. Special elections were held in the arrondissements of Antwerp, Brussels and Leuven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024397-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Belgian general election, Constituencies\nThe distribution of seats among the electoral districts was as follows for the Chamber of Representatives, with the difference compared to the previous election due to population growth:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024398-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Birthday Honours\nThe 1866 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 25 May and 29 May 1866.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024398-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024399-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1866 saw the election of Otis Norcross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024400-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Carroll Pioneers men's soccer team\nThe 1866\u201367 Carroll Pioneers men's soccer team represented Carroll University during the 1866\u201367 college soccer season. The program was retroactively declared national champions by the American Soccer History Archives. This was by the virtue of being the only known college with known results during this time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024400-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Carroll Pioneers men's soccer team\nThe club played two matches during this time, both against the local town club of Waukesha. Both matches were played on the County Fairgrounds, and the first match was won by Carroll while the second was won by Waukesha.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024400-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Carroll Pioneers men's soccer team\nBy some records, each of the days the matches were played were individual games, where the first team to score a goal won the game. By this metric, the team had an record of 8\u20137\u20130, although most record keeping sites declare the team having one win and one loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024401-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Chilean presidential election\nThe Chilean presidential election of 1866 took place through a system of electors, and resulted in the election as President of Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn P\u00e9rez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024402-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Clarence colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of the Clarence on 27 August 1866 following the resignation of John Laycock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024403-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Colombian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in the United States of Colombia in February 1866. The result was a victory for Tom\u00e1s Cipriano de Mosquera of the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024403-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Colombian presidential election, Electoral system\nThe 1863 constitution changed the electoral system from a direct vote to an indirect vote. The President was now elected on the basis of which candidate received the most votes in each state, with a candidate required to win in at least five of the nine states to be elected. If no candidate received a majority, Congress would elect the President from the main contenders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024404-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Colony of British Columbia general election\nThe 1866 election was the first election to the united colony of British Columbia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024404-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Colony of British Columbia general election\nMembers elected:Amor De Cosmos - VictoriaJohn Sebastian Helmcken VictoriaJoseph Despard Pemberton Victoria DistrictJohn Robson New WestminsterRobert Thompson Smith Columbia River and KootenayJoseph L. Southgate NanaimoEdward Stamp LillooetGeorge Anthony Walkem CaribooFrancis Jones Barnard Yale and LyttonThe Governor also appointed 14 members to the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024405-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1866 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 2, 1866. Civil War general and Republican nominee Joseph Roswell Hawley defeated Democratic nominee James E. English with 50.30% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024405-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nAs this was the first election held after the American Civil War, some aspects of the National Union Party were still present. The Republican convention held in Hartford on February 14 still sometimes referred to itself as the \"Union\" convention, and it passed a resolution expressing confidence in President Andrew Johnson. The party would split with Johnson later that same year, and all references to the National Union label were dropped by the end of the 1860s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024406-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Constitution of Romania\nThe 1866 Constitution of Romania was the fundamental law that capped a period of nation-building in the Danubian Principalities, which had united in 1859. Drafted in a short time and closely modeled on the 1831 Constitution of Belgium, then considered Europe's most liberal, it was substantially modified by Prince (later King) Carol and adopted by the Constituent Assembly. The newly installed Prince then promulgated it on 13 July\u00a0[O.S. 1 July]\u00a01866. This was done without input from the major powers, including the Ottoman Empire, which still had formal sovereignty over Romania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024406-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Constitution of Romania, Outline\nThe document proclaimed Romania a constitutional monarchy. Like its Belgian counterpart, it was bourgeois-liberal in character, declaring that the government was organised on the basis of separation of powers and on the principle of national sovereignty. The throne was a hereditary office of the male descendants of Carol, \"perpetually excluding women and their descendants.\" The Prince's person was proclaimed \"inviolable.\" He was the head of the army, named and dismissed ministers, sanctioned and promulgated laws, named and confirmed men to all public functions, and signed treaties and conventions on commerce and navigation with foreign countries. He had the right to grant political amnesty, to pardon criminals or reduce their sentences, to confer military ranks and decorations, and coin money. At the same time, he opened and closed sessions of Parliament, which he could convoke in emergency session and which he could dissolve.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 978]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024406-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Constitution of Romania, Outline\nLegislative power was exercised by the Prince and Parliament (composed of an Assembly of Deputies and a Senate). Following the Belgian model, executive power was entrusted to the Prince, but he was not responsible for exercising it. Rather, the Prince exercised his powers through the ministers; his acts were only valid if countersigned by a minister, who then became politically responsible for the act in question. The political regime was liberal but not democratic; elections were held with a limited franchise; voters, all men, were divided into four colleges based on their wealth and social origins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024406-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 Constitution of Romania, Outline\nCitizens' rights and freedoms were of the most modern vintage: enshrined in the document were the freedom of conscience, of the press, of assembly, of religion; equality before the law, regardless of class; individual liberty; inviolability of the home. Capital punishment was abolished in peacetime, while property was considered sacred and inviolable. The Romanian Orthodox Church was accorded superior status (\"the dominant religion of the Romanian state\"), while article 7 provided that non-Christians could not become citizens (which chiefly affected Jews). The Constitution also did little to advance the position of women.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024406-0004-0000", "contents": "1866 Constitution of Romania, Outline\nIn 1879, under Western pressure, article 7 was ostensibly diluted but in fact it remained nearly impossible for Jews to gain citizenship. In 1881, the constitution was amended to proclaim Romania a kingdom, and the word \"prince\" was replaced by the word \"king.\" In 1884, the number of electoral colleges was reduced to three, thus expanding the franchise. In 1917, the Constitution underwent two major modifications in order to fulfill promised made to the soldiers then fighting World War I: the college-based electoral system was abolished, and the right to property weakened so that land reform could be carried out. It remained in effect until it was replaced by the 1923 Constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024406-0005-0000", "contents": "1866 Constitution of Romania, Elections\nAlthough every adult male could vote, the value of their vote was strongly tilted towards the wealthiest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024406-0006-0000", "contents": "1866 Constitution of Romania, Elections\nAs of 1909, the Chamber of Deputies was divided into three colleges, based on incomes and wealth:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024406-0007-0000", "contents": "1866 Constitution of Romania, Elections\nThe Senate gave even more power to the large property owners, while 98% of the voters were not represented at all:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024407-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Costa Rican general election\nIn the 1866 Costa Rican general election Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Castro Madriz was elected president of Costa Rica in April 1st, 1866 for the 1866-1869 period, which would not finish since in 1868 he was overthrown by his predecessor Jes\u00fas Jim\u00e9nez Zamora. Madriz had previously been president and had been overthrown in his first presidency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024408-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Delaware gubernatorial election\nThe 1866 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1866. On March 1, 1865, Republican Governor William Cannon died in office, elevating State Senate Speaker Gove Saulsbury, a Democrat, to the governorship. Saulsbury ran for re-election in 1866, the first Governor to do so since Joshua Clayton in 1792. He faced Republican nominee James Riddle, a prominent industrialist. Saulsbury defeated Riddle by a decisive margin, ushering in a large Democratic majority in both houses of the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024408-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Delaware gubernatorial election, Bibliography\nThis Delaware elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024409-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 East Suffolk by-election\nThe 1866 East Suffolk by-election was a double by-election held in the United Kingdom on 25 July 1866. The election was a Conservative seat with two Conservative MPs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024409-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 East Suffolk by-election\nThe incumbent Conservative MP John Henniker-Major became Baron Hartismere a new creation which, as it sat in the House of Lords, meant that he could no longer sit in the House of Commons. Although he had for some time had the inherited title of Baron Henniker, this was an Irish Peerage and so meant that he could sit in the House of Commons. The other incumbent Conservative MP, Fitzroy Kelly, had become Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, a senior judge and so had to resign his seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024409-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 East Suffolk by-election\nThere were only two candidates, both Conservatives, and so they were elected unopposed. The candidates were John Henniker-Major's son John Henniker-Major and Edward Kerrison, who had resigned his seat in the nearby seat of Eye, thereby causing the 1866 Eye by-election which was also uncontested. Edward Kerrison was too ill to make an acceptance speech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024410-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 East Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Sydney on 17 February 1866 because of the resignation of John Caldwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024411-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 English cricket season\n1866 was the 80th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). The highlight was the emergence of W. G. Grace as the game's leading batsman with the highest first-class score since William Ward's innings in 1820. James Southerton emerged as an outstanding bowler and the first known \"century before lunch\" was scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024412-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Eye by-election\nThe 1866 Eye by-election was held on 27 July 1866 after the incumbent Conservative MP Edward Kerrison resigned to contest East Suffolk. The seat was uncontested and won by George Barrington who was the Private Secretary to the Earl of Derby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024413-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Gallatin County race riot\nThe 1866 Gallatin County Race Riot took place from August 3 past August 13 a year after the close of the American Civil War in Gallatin County, Kentucky. It was part of waves of violence by whites against blacks in the state, and even in northern Kentucky, where the black population was relatively small. According to historians Lowell H. Harrison and James C. Klotter, \"A band of five hundred whites in Gallatin County... forced hundreds of blacks to flee across the Ohio River.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024413-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Gallatin County race riot, Background\nThis was part of white insurgent violence throughout the state against blacks. In the aftermath of war, most veterans had retained their arms. The Freedmen's Bureau reported \"hundreds of outrages\" against blacks during this year. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 had been passed by Congress, giving blacks the right to testify against whites in court, but Kentucky courts ignored the law, and white vigilantes went largely unpunished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024413-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Gallatin County race riot, Background\nIn areas with a relatively small black population, like Gallatin County, whites sometimes tried to drive all blacks away. During the 1866 race riot, for example, some 500 whites in Warsaw were \"whipping Blacks, stealing their property, and ordering them to leave the area,\" according to a letter by the local Freedman's Bureau office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024413-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 Gallatin County race riot, Background\nFreedmen's Bureau agent J.J. Landrum reported by letter dated August 3, 1866 to the area office in Covington, Kentucky, \"Some 200 negroes I'm informed crossed the Ohio above this place today others are preparing to leave for fear of... other abuses.\" In a second letter describing the situation in Warsaw 10 days later, J.J Landrum concluded that Union soldiers, or bluecoats\", were needed in order to stop the violence. There is no documentation for when that spate of violence ended. Violence against blacks in northern Kentucky continued into the next year, when blacks were attacked and pushed out of Kenton, Boone and Grant counties in August 1867, seeking shelter in Covington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024414-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Georgia State Freedmen's Conventions\nThe Georgia State Freedmen\u2019s Convention meetings, where both whites and blacks would come together to solve local problems and discuss politics, took place in 1866. The Freedmen\u2019s Convention took place in Augusta, Georgia. This was after the Civil War, emancipation, and just one year after the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. President Lincoln is mentioned many times in these meetings as being a savior of the African American people in the United States. Early prominent leaders of this organization include Captain John Emory Bryant, who was named the first president, Captain C. H. Prince and Thomas P. Beard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024414-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Georgia State Freedmen's Conventions, January 10th, 1866 Meeting\nThe first convention meeting on January 10, 1866 details the rules, routines, and leaders of the Freedmen\u2019s Convention. It was held in the Springfield Colored Baptist Church in Augusta, Georgia. One of the first actions of the convention was to change the name of the organization to the Georgia Equal Rights Association, which was known in the coming years. During this meeting, Captain J.E. Bryant, a white Republican, was named the convention\u2019s first president after a vote. After this, the rules and routines of the convention were established in the form of The Constitution of the Georgia Equal Rights Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 69], "content_span": [70, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024414-0001-0001", "contents": "1866 Georgia State Freedmen's Conventions, January 10th, 1866 Meeting\nSome of these rules include the times the convention would meet, a required prayer before the proceedings of the convention, and the roles of the leaders of the organization, When it came to decorum during the meetings, the rules of the Convention were very similar to Robert\u2019s Rules of order. Another aspect of the meeting was thanking President Lincoln for his sacrifice before and during the Civil War to help black people in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 69], "content_span": [70, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024414-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Georgia State Freedmen's Conventions, April 4, 1866 Meeting\nThe second convention took place on April 4, 1866 in the Office of the Loyal Georgian, a newspaper produced by the Georgia Equal Rights Association from 1866-1867. At this meeting, President J.E. Bryant urged his members to elect a black man to be sent to the U.S. Congress as a representative of blacks in the United States. He also told the members to be law-abiding citizens, especially when it came to taxes. According to Bryant, the thousands of black, tax-paying, law abiding Americans deserved representation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024414-0002-0001", "contents": "1866 Georgia State Freedmen's Conventions, April 4, 1866 Meeting\nWhen it came to representation, no one could have done it better than one of their own, a black person. Bryant also brings to light the Loyal Georgian newspaper, which played a vital role in the Georgia Equal Rights Association. During this meeting, the Georgia Equal Rights Association voted to allocate funds from the membership fees for the production and publication of the Loyal Georgian. The men who were in charge of the finances were also chosen during this time, Captain C.H. Prince and Thomas P. Beard, a white man and a black man respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024414-0002-0002", "contents": "1866 Georgia State Freedmen's Conventions, April 4, 1866 Meeting\nThere was also a similar structure for the editors of the paper, one black man and one white man. This was done because in order for their organization to succeed, it was necessary for them to work with white allies who had more access and rights than they did. Bryant was also a huge advocate for education in the black community, especially when it came to equalizing public schools for black children.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024414-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 Georgia State Freedmen's Conventions, Outcome of Meetings\nAfter the April 1866 meeting, the Loyal Georgian went on to run for another year until falling out of print. J.E. Bryant remained the editor of the Loyal Georgian until the end. However, there is no mention of J.E. Bryant after the meetings in 1866 and no information about him except his relation to the Loyal Georgian and the early meetings of the Georgia Equal Rights Association. The other important men like C. H. Prince and Thomas P. Beard also seem to disappear in history after the meetings. In the years 1869-1888, the Georgia state conventions were moved to Macon, Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 62], "content_span": [63, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024415-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Grand National\nThe 1866 Grand National was the 28th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 7 March 1866.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024415-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Grand National\nThe winning jockey, Alec Goodman, had also ridden the 1852 winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024416-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Helston by-election\nThe Helston by-election of 1866 was an election held on 1 May 1866 to return an MP for the  constituency of Helston. The by-election was brought about due to the declaration that Adolphus Young's election in the 1865 United Kingdom general election was null and void due to bribery. Two candidates contested the election: Robert Campbell (Liberal) and William Brett (Conservative). On the original count, both candidates received 153 votes but Campbell was declared the winner after the returning officer (the Mayor of Helston, Thomas Hyne Edwards) who on the consultation of a legal textbook, made a casting vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024416-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Helston by-election\nThe decision was appealed and a Commission decided the returning officer had no right to a deciding vote and should have declared both candidates elected. Upon scrutiny, Brett was declared the winner after it was found that Campbell had received a vote from a local priest who did not have the right to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024416-0001-0001", "contents": "1866 Helston by-election\nThis election led to Parliament deciding that \"according to the law and usage of Parliament, it is the duty of the sheriff or other returning officer in England, in the case of an equal number of votes being polled for two or more candidates at an election, to return all such candidates\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024417-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Honduran presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Honduras in January 1866. The result was a victory for Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Medina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024417-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Honduran presidential election, Results\nMedina won the popular vote, and was subsequently appointed president by Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024418-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Illawarra colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Illawarra on 10 September 1866 following the resignation of Patrick Osborne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024418-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Illawarra colonial by-election, Candidates\nJohn Stewart had been the unsuccessful candidate at the 1860 election, receiving 46.% of the vote, and again at the 1864 election receiving 43.3% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024419-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Ipswich colonial by-election\nThe Ipswich colonial by-election, 1866 was a by-election held on 4 August 1866 in the electoral district of Ipswich for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024419-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Ipswich colonial by-election, History\nOn 21 July 1866, Ratcliffe Pring was appointed Attorney-General of Queensland by Premier Robert Herbert. As such, he was required to resign and contest a ministerial by-election for his own seat of Ipswich. On 4 August 1866, he lost the seat to George McCullagh Reed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024420-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Leominster by-election\nThe Leominster by-election of 1866 was an uncontested election held on 26 February 1866. The by-election was brought about due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Gathorne Hardy in order to take up his Oxford University seat. It was won by the Conservative candidate Richard Arkwright, who was the only declared candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024421-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Liechtenstein general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liechtenstein in March and April 1866. Six of the seats in the Landtag were indirectly elected by electors selected by voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024421-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Liechtenstein general election, Electors\nElectors were selected through elections that were held between 4 March and 22 April. Each municipality had two electors for every 100 inhabitants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024421-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nThe electors met on 3 May in Vaduz to elect six Landtag members and one substitute member. The Landtag members and the substitute were elected in three ballots. Of the 156 electors, 154 participated in the voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024421-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nJosef Bargetze declined his election and was replaced by Baptist Quaderer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024422-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Liverpool Town Council election\nElections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Thursday 1 November 1866. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024422-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Liverpool Town Council election, Election result\nBecause twelve of the sixteen seats were uncontested seats, these statistics should be taken in that context.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024422-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 6, Castle Street, 1 November 1866 - 2 seats\nCaused by the retirements of Councillors John Cheshyre Blythe (Conservative, elected for the Castle Street ward on 1 November 1864) and Thomas Chilton (Liberal, elected 1 November 1865).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 99], "content_span": [100, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024422-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 10, Rodney Street, 1 November 1866\nCaused by the retirement of Councillor C. J. English (Liberal, Rodney Street, elected 1 November 1865)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 90], "content_span": [91, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024422-0004-0000", "contents": "1866 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 13, St. Anne Street, 1 January 1867\nCaused by the resignation of Councillor Joseph Bennion (Conservative, elected 1 November 1865)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 91], "content_span": [92, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024423-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1866 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 10, 1866. Republican candidate and war hero Joshua Chamberlain defeated the Democratic candidate Eben F. Pillsbury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024423-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Maine gubernatorial election, General election, Candidates, Republican\nDuring the American Civil War, Chamberlain played a crucial role at the Battle of Gettysburg. This gave Chamberlain a war hero status.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 75], "content_span": [76, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024423-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Maine gubernatorial election, General election, Results\nThe extremely popular Chamberlain was able to win election to a one year term as governor. Chamberlain won a majority of 27,687 votes, trouncing his Democratic opponent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024424-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1866 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024424-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nGovernor Alexander Bullock was re-elected to a second term in office, defeating Democrat Theodore Sweetser.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024425-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 87th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1866 during the governorship of Alexander H. Bullock. Joseph Adams Pond served as president of the Senate and James M. Stone served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024425-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Massachusetts legislature\nNotable legislation included the Factory Inspection Act which aimed to  improve workplace safety.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024426-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Melbourne Cup\nThe 1866 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Thursday, 1 November 1866.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024426-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Melbourne Cup\nThis year was the sixth running of the Melbourne Cup. The race was run by 6/1 favourite The Barb nicknamed 'The Black Demon' beating Exile. Falcon was placed third by the stewards the day after the race. The race saw two horses named Falcon take part and the VRC judge failed to recognize it's colors which were different to the official program. The Barb became the first horse to win the Melbourne Cup and the AJC Derby as The Barb had won the race back in September. The race now takes place in the Autumn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024426-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Melbourne Cup\nThis is the list of placegetters for the 1866 Melbourne Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024427-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1866 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1866. Incumbent Republican Henry H. Crapo defeated Democratic nominee Alpheus S. Williams with 58.59% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024428-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Mitchell colonial by-election\nThe Mitchell colonial by-election, 1866 was a by-election held on 22 February 1866 in the electoral district of Mitchell for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024428-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Mitchell colonial by-election, History\nOn 1 January 1866, John Gore Jones, the member for Mitchell, resigned. Theodore Harden won the resulting by-election on 22 February 1866.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024429-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Mount Herbert by-election\nThe 1866 Mount Herbert by-election was a by-election held  on 27 July in the Mount Herbert electorate in Canterbury during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024429-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Mount Herbert by-election\nThe by-election was caused by William Sefton Moorhouse who was elected for two electorates in the 1866 election, and chose to represent Westland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024429-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Mount Herbert by-election\nPotts was the only nomination, so was declared elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024430-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 National Union Convention\nThe National Union Convention (also known as the Loyalist Convention, the Southern Loyalist Convention, the National Loyalists' Loyal Union Convention, or the Arm-In-Arm Convention) was held on August 14, 15, and 16 1866, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024430-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 National Union Convention, Convention\nThe convention was called in Philadelphia before of the midyear elections of 1866 in an attempt to encourage political support for US President Andrew Johnson, who was under attack by both moderate and Radical Republicans. Johnson's friends tried to rally support for his lenient pro-South Reconstruction policies. Some hoped to create a new political party, but that goal was not realized.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024430-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 National Union Convention, Convention\nDelegates gathered at a hastily-built temporary structure that was designed to accommodate the several thousand people expected to attend. Formally called \"the Wigwam,\" the immense edifice was on Girard Avenue, between 19th and 20th Streets, across from Philadelphia's Girard College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024430-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 National Union Convention, Convention\nAbout 7000 prominent politicians and activists attended the convention. At its opening, representatives from Massachusetts (General Darius Nash Couch) and South Carolina (Governor James Lawrence Orr) paraded arm-in-arm to symbolize national reconciliation and social equity. The convention was called to order by US Postmaster General Alexander Randall. General (and former New York Governor and Senator) John Adams Dix served as the temporary chairman and Wisconsin Senator James R. Doolittle served as permanent convention president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024430-0004-0000", "contents": "1866 National Union Convention, Convention\nIn the end, the convention was not successful in unifying the country behind Johnson. He launched a speaking tour (known as the \"Swing Around the Circle\") hoping to regain public and political support. On the speaking tour, Johnson at times attacked his Republican opponents with crude and abusive language and on several occasions appeared to have had too much to drink. Ultimately, the tour was a disaster for Johnson and emboldened Congress to override him and to impeach him in 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024431-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 New Brunswick general election\nThe 1866 New Brunswick general election was held in May and June 1866 to elect 41 members to the 21st New Brunswick Legislative Assembly. This was the 21st general election for the British colony of New Brunswick, but is considered the 1st general election for the Canadian province of New Brunswick as New Brunswick joined Canadian Confederation on July 1, 1867, during the life of the Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024431-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 New Brunswick general election\nOf forty-one MLAs, thirty-three were confederationalists, supporting confederation, and eight were constitutionalists, opposed to confederation, who formed the opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024431-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 New Brunswick general election, Further reading\nThis New Brunswick-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024432-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 New Orleans mayoral election\nThe mayoral election of New Orleans, Louisiana for 1866 was won by John T. Monroe. This election and later actions by Mayor Monroe against black suffragists would result in the New Orleans massacre of 1866.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024433-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 New York state election\nThe 1866 New York state election was held on November 6, 1866, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly. Besides, the voters were asked if a Constitutional Convention should be held in 1867, which was answered in the affirmative with 352,854 votes for, and 256,364 against the convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024433-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 New York state election, History\nThe delegates to the \"Conservative Union\" state convention arrived on September 10 at Albany, New York. This convention was the result of the still ongoing party re-alignment after the American Civil War. It was called by the Democratic Party with the intention to give the War Democrats, who had joined the Republicans in the National Union, and other conservative Republicans, an opportunity to return to the Democratic Party. Thurlow Weed was a delegate. John Adams Dix was talked of to be nominated for governor. The convention met on September 11 and 12 at Tweddle Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024433-0001-0001", "contents": "1866 New York state election, History\nSanford E. Church was temporary chairman and president. Mayor of New York John T. Hoffman (a Democrat of Tammany Hall) was nominated for governor by acclamation. Robert H. Pruyn (a Republican) was nominated for lieutenant governor on the first ballot (vote: Pruyn 169, Harlow L. Comstock 85). William W. Wright (who had been Canal Commissioner from 1862 to 1863) for Canal Commissioner, and Francis B. Gallagher for prison inspector, were also nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024433-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 New York state election, Result\nThe whole Republican ticket was elected in a tight race, with a majority of about 14,000 votes out of more than 700,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024433-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 New York state election, Result\n82 Republicans and 46 Democrats were elected for the session of 1865 to the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024434-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 New Zealand general election\nThe 1866 New Zealand general election was held between 12 February and 6 April to elect 70 MPs to the fourth term of the New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024434-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 New Zealand general election\nIn 1867 four M\u0101ori electorates were created, initially as a temporary measure for five years. The first M\u0101ori elections for these seats were held in 1868, with universal suffrage for M\u0101ori males over 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024434-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 New Zealand general election\nThe first four M\u0101ori members of parliament were Tareha Te Moananui (Eastern Maori), Frederick Nene Russell (Northern Maori) and John Patterson (Southern Maori), who all retired in 1870; and Mete Paetahi (Western Maori) who was defeated in 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024434-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 New Zealand general election, Results\na Moorhouse was elected in both the Mount Herbert and Westland electorates. He chose to represent Westland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024435-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 North Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1866 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on October 18, 1866. Incumbent Democrat Jonathan Worth defeated National Union nominee Alfred Dockery with 75.87% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024436-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Open Championship\nThe 1866 Open Championship was the seventh Open Championship and was held on 13 September at Prestwick Golf Club. Willie Park, Sr. won the championship for the third time, by two shots from his brother Davie Park. There were 16 competitors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024436-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Open Championship\nPlayed in a strong wind Willie Park was in the first group out and set the pace with a score of 54. Defending champion, Andrew Strath and Davie Park were four behind, scoring 58. Willie Park extended his lead to five stokes after the second round. Despite a final round of 59 Willie Park set a useful target of 169. Davie Park's final round of 56 gave him a total of 171 and second place. Robert Andrew was third, a further five strokes behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024437-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Oregon gubernatorial election\nThe 1866 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on June 4, 1866 to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. The election matched Republican George Lemuel Woods against Democrat James Kerr Kelly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024438-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Patrick's Plains colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Patrick's Plains on 8 February 1866 because Bowie Wilson had been appointed Secretary for Lands in the second Martin ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested however on this occasion a poll was required in Patrick's Plains and Yass Plains (Robert Isaacs). Both ministers were comfortably re-elected with more than 70% of the vote. The other ministers James Martin (The Lachlan), Henry Parkes (Kiama), James Byrnes (Parramatta) and Geoffrey Eagar (West Sydney) were re-elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024438-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Patrick's Plains colonial by-election\nMr E E Darvall was a bank clerk, the son of John Darvall, the former attorney general. This was the only occasion on which he stood for parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024438-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Patrick's Plains colonial by-election\nJohn Heuston was a burlesque candidate, apparently winning a \u00a310 bet for nominating, but withdrew before the poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024439-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election\nThe 1866 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on October 9, 1866. Incumbent governor Andrew Gregg Curtin, a Republican, was not running for re-election. Republican candidate John W. Geary defeated Democratic candidate Hiester Clymer to become Governor of Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024440-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Petersfield by-election\nThe 1866 Petersfield by-election was held on Monday 23 July 1866.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024440-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Petersfield by-election\nThe previous incumbent Sir William Jolliffe had been raised to the peerage as Baron Hylton, of Hylton in the County Palatine of Durham and of Petersfield in the County of Southampton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024440-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Petersfield by-election\nThe election took place at Petersfield Town Hall, then in front of St Peter's Church. The Mayor S.W. Seaward presided and called for someone to propose \"A fit and proper person to represent the town in parliament\". The MP for Winchester, John Bonham-Carter proposed William Nicholson with a Mr Elkington seconding. There being no other candidate, Nicholson was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024441-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Port Chalmers by-election\nThe 1866 Port Chalmers by-election was a by-election held on 15 December 1866 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Otago electorate of Port Chalmers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024441-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Port Chalmers by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Thomas Dick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024441-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Port Chalmers by-election\nDick had spoken in favour of separation of the two islands, as he could not prevent \"our money being spent on absurd and unnecessary Maori difficulties\" in the North Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024441-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 Port Chalmers by-election\nHe was renominated. As there were no other candidates, he was declared elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024442-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Port Curtis colonial by-election\nThe Port Curtis colonial by-election, 1866 was a by-election held on 19 March 1866 in the electoral district of Port Curtis for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024442-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Port Curtis colonial by-election, History\nOn 1 February 1866, John Douglas, the member for Port Curtis, was appointed as a minister. As such, he was required to resign and contest a ministerial by-election for his own seat. On 19 March 1866, he lost the by-election to Arthur Hunter Palmer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024443-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Romanian prince referendum\nA referendum on Prince Karl Ludwig of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen becoming ruling prince was held in Romania on 20 April 1866. The proposal was approved by 99.97% of the votes cast, and Prince Karl Ludwig was subsequently enthroned as Prince Carol I on 23 October. His title was later raised to King of Romania in 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024444-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Sisyphus\n1866 Sisyphus /\u02c8s\u026as\u026af\u0259s/ is a binary stony asteroid, near-Earth object and the largest member of the Apollo group, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024444-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Sisyphus\nIt was discovered on 5 December 1972, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland, and given the provisional designation 1972 XA. It was named after Sisyphus from Greek mythology.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024444-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Sisyphus, Orbit and classification\nThis S-type asteroid (composed of rocky silicates) orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 0.9\u20132.9\u00a0AU once every 2 years and 7 months (952 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.54 and an inclination of 41\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 39], "content_span": [40, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024444-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 Sisyphus, Orbit and classification\nThe Apollo asteroid has an Earth minimum orbit intersection distance of 0.1037\u00a0AU (15,500,000\u00a0km), which corresponds to 40.4 lunar distances. It will pass 0.11581\u00a0AU (17,325,000\u00a0km) from Earth on 24 November 2071, and will peak at roughly apparent magnitude 9.3 on 26 November 2071. When it was discovered it peaked at magnitude 9.0 on 25 November 1972. It is one of the brightest near-Earth asteroids.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 39], "content_span": [40, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024444-0004-0000", "contents": "1866 Sisyphus, Physical characteristics\nIn the SMASS classification, Sisyphus is a common stony S-type asteroid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 39], "content_span": [40, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024444-0005-0000", "contents": "1866 Sisyphus, Physical characteristics, Binary system\nIn 1985, this object was detected with radar from the Arecibo Observatory at a distance of 0.25\u00a0AU. The measured radar cross-section was 8 square kilometers. During the radar observations, a small minor-planet moon was detected around Sisyphus, although its existence was not reported until December 2007. Robert Stephens confirmed that it is a suspected binary, and Brian Warner added additional weight to this conclusion, giving 27.16\u00b10.05 hours as the satellite's orbital period, longer than the 25 hours previously reported by Stephens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 54], "content_span": [55, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024444-0006-0000", "contents": "1866 Sisyphus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nWith a measured mean diameter in the range of 5.7\u20138.9 kilometers, it is the largest of the Earth-crossing asteroids, comparable in size to the Chicxulub object whose impact contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs. Larger near-Earth asteroids which are neither classified as Apollos nor Earth-crossers include 1036 Ganymed (32\u00a0km), 3552 Don Quixote (19\u00a0km), 433 Eros (17\u00a0km), and 4954 Eric (10.8\u00a0km).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 60], "content_span": [61, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024444-0007-0000", "contents": "1866 Sisyphus, Naming\nThis minor planet is named after Sisyphus from Greek mythology and refers to the cruel king of Ephyra, punished by being given the task of rolling a large stone up to a hill in the underworld, only to have it roll down again each time he neared the top. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 December 1974 (M.P.C. 3758).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024445-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 State of the Union Address\nThe 1866 State of the Union Address was given by Andrew Johnson, the 17th president of the United States, on Monday, December 3, 1866. It was not a spoken address, but a written one. The Reconstruction Era had begun, and Johnson wanted a policy that pardoned the leaders of the Confederate States of America. He began with, \"In all of the States civil authority has superseded the coercion of arms, and the people, by their voluntary action, are maintaining their governments in full activity and complete operation.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024445-0000-0001", "contents": "1866 State of the Union Address\nIn the middle, he said,\"In our efforts to preserve \"the unity of government which constitutes as one people\" by restoring the States to the condition which they held prior to the rebellion, we should be cautious, lest, having rescued our nation from perils of threatened disintegration, we resort to consolidation, and in the end absolute despotism, as a remedy for the recurrence of similar troubles.\" The rebellion he is referring to is the American Civil War, which ended in 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024446-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Swedish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sweden in 1866. They were the first elections for the new Second Chamber (Andra kammaren) in the Riksdag, which would serve a three-year term. Suffrage was given to men over the age of 21 who either had a taxable income of at least 800 riksdaler a year, owned a property worth at least 1,000 riksdaler, or rented a property taxed to at least 6,000 riksdaler. This meant that around 5.5% of the population were able to vote, a slight reduction from the 6% that had been eligible under the previous Estates system. The changes had been approved following a 60,000-strong petition and a vote in the House of Nobility in December 1865 during which crowds had gathered outside to pressure the nobles into approving it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024446-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Swedish general election\nThe 190 seats consisted of one representative from every Domsaga (or two for Domsaga with a population exceeding 40,000) and one representative for every 10,000 residents of a town (with smaller towns merged into combined constituencies). Candidates were required to be at least 25 years old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024446-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Swedish general election\nAround 187,000 voters qualified by real estate, 9,500 through their rental arrangements and 10,500 through their income. Many property owners were farmers, giving the rural Lantmanna Party a dominant position in the second chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024446-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 Swedish general election\nThe other house in the Riksdag, the 125-seat First Chamber, was dominated by the upper classes, with membership restricted to the 6,000 wealthiest people in the country, less than 1% of the population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024446-0004-0000", "contents": "1866 Swedish general election, Results\nOf the 190 elected members, 107 had previously served in the Estates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024447-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Swiss federal election\nFederal elections were held in Switzerland on 28 October 1866. The Radical Left remained the largest group in the National Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024447-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Swiss federal election, Electoral system\nThe 128 members of the National Council were elected in 47 single- and multi-member constituencies; there was one seat for every 20,000 citizens, with seats allocated to cantons in proportion to their population. The elections were held using a three-round system; candidates had to receive a majority in the first or second round to be elected; if it went to a third round, only a plurality was required. Voters could cast as many votes as there were seats in their constituency. In six cantons (Appenzell Innerrhoden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Glarus, Nidwalden, Obwalden and Uri), National Council members were elected by the Landsgemeinde.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024447-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 Swiss federal election, Results, National Council, Summary\nVoter turnout was highest in the Canton of Schaffhausen (where voting was compulsory) at 86.3% and lowest in the Canton of Schwyz at 18.7%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024448-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Swiss referendum\nA nine-part referendum was held in Switzerland on 14 January 1866. Only two proposals received a majority of votes in favour, and only one had both a majority of votes and majority of cantons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024448-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Swiss referendum, Background\nIn order to pass, the referendums needed a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024449-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Texas gubernatorial election\nThe 1866 Texas gubernatorial election was held on June 25, 1866 to elect the Governor of Texas. Incumbent Governor Andrew J. Hamilton, who had been appointed by President Andrew Johnson, did not run for a full term. The election was won by James W. Throckmorton, who received 80% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024450-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Tumut colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Tumut on 20 August 1866 because the seat of Charles Cowper Jr. had been declared vacant as he was absent from parliament for an entire session.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024451-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 United States elections\nThe 1866 United States elections occurred in the middle of National Union/Democratic President Andrew Johnson's term, during the Third Party System and Reconstruction. Johnson had become president on April 15, 1865, upon the death of his predecessor, Abraham Lincoln. Members of the 40th United States Congress were chosen in this election. As this was the first election after the Civil War, many ex-Confederates were barred from voting, and several Southern states did not take part in the election. Delegations from Arkansas, Florida, Alabama, North Carolina, Louisiana, and South Carolina were re-admitted during the 40th Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024451-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 United States elections\nPresident Andrew Johnson held a National Union Convention in hopes of rallying supporters against the Radical Republicans. However, the Republican Party maintained a dominant majority in both houses of Congress, and ultimately impeached Johnson in 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024451-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 United States elections\nIn the House, both parties picked up several seats, but Republicans retained a majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024451-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 United States elections\nIn the Senate, Republicans won massive gains and increased their already-dominant majority, while Democrats suffered slight losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024452-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1866 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 4, 1866. In keeping with the \"Mountain Rule\", Incumbent Republican Paul Dillingham was a candidate for a second one-year term as governor of Vermont. With the election taking place soon after the American Civil War, Dillingham ran as a pro-Union Republican. The Democratic nomination was won by Charles N. Davenport of Wilmington, an attorney and founder of the Brattleboro Reformer newspaper, who was also the Democratic nominee in 1865. In the general election, Dillingham was easily elected to a second one-year term as governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024453-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 West Moreton colonial by-election\nThe West Moreton colonial by-election, 1866 was a by-election held on 11 September 1866 in the electoral district of West Moreton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024453-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 West Moreton colonial by-election, History\nOn 7 August 1866, the Premier of Queensland and member for West Moreton, Robert Herbert, resigned. Joseph Fleming won the resulting by-election on 11 September 1866.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024454-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 West Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of West Sydney on 17 January 1866 because John Robertson had been re-appointed Secretary for Lands in the fourth Cowper ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested however on this occasion a poll was required at both West Sydney and The Williams (Marshall Burdekin). Both Robertson and Burdekin were defeated, with the Cowper government falling, replaced by the second Martin ministry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024455-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1866 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on October 25, 1866, to elect the governor of West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024456-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 Yass Plains colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Yass Plains on 8 February 1866 because Robert Isaacs had been appointed Solicitor General in the second Martin ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested however on this occasion a poll was required in Patrick's Plains (Bowie Wilson) and Yass Plains. Both ministers were comfortably re-elected with more than 70% of the vote. The other ministers James Martin (The Lachlan), Henry Parkes (Kiama), James Byrnes (Parramatta) and Geoffrey Eagar (West Sydney) were re-elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024456-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 Yass Plains colonial by-election\nRobert Ross campaigned for free trade and free selection before survey and had been unsuccessful in three previous elections, for Cumberland Boroughs in 1856, Windsor in 1859 and The Hastings in 1860. This was the final occasion on which he stood for parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024457-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States House of Representatives elections\nElections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1866 to elect Representatives to the 40th United States Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024457-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe elections occurred just one year after the American Civil War ended when the Union defeated the Confederacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024457-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe 1866 elections were a decisive event in the early Reconstruction era, in which President Andrew Johnson faced off against the Radical Republicans in a bitter dispute over whether Reconstruction should be lenient or harsh toward the vanquished white South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024457-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States House of Representatives elections\nMost of the congressmen from the former Confederate states were either prevented from leaving the state or were arrested on the way to the capital. A Congress consisting of mostly Radical Republicans sat early in the Capitol and aside from the delegation from Tennessee who were allowed in, the few Southern Congressmen who arrived were not seated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024457-0004-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States House of Representatives elections, Background\nJohnson, a War Democrat, had been elected Vice President in the 1864 presidential election as the running mate of Abraham Lincoln, a Republican. (The Republicans had chosen not to re-nominate Hannibal Hamlin for a second term as Vice President).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 74], "content_span": [75, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024457-0005-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States House of Representatives elections, Background\nLincoln and Johnson ran together under the banner of the National Union Party, which brought together Republicans (with the exception of some hard-line abolitionist Radical Republicans who backed John C. Fr\u00e9mont, who eventually dropped out of the race after brokering a deal with Lincoln) and the War Democrats (the minority of Democrats who backed Lincoln's prosecution of the war, as opposed to the Peace Democrats, or Copperheads, who favored a negotiated settlement with the Confederates).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 74], "content_span": [75, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024457-0006-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States House of Representatives elections, Background\nAfter the assassination of Lincoln, Johnson became President. He immediately became embroiled in a dispute with the Radical Republicans over the conditions of Reconstruction; Johnson favored a lenient Reconstruction, while Radical Republicans wanted to continue the military occupation of the South and force Southern states to give freedmen (the newly freed slaves) civil rights (and the right to vote).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 74], "content_span": [75, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024457-0007-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States House of Representatives elections, Campaign and results\nJohnson stumped the country in a public speaking tour known as the Swing Around the Circle; he generally supported Democrats but his speeches were poorly received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 84], "content_span": [85, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024457-0008-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States House of Representatives elections, Campaign and results\nThe Republicans won in a landslide, capturing enough seats to override Johnson's vetoes. Only the border states of Delaware, Maryland, and Kentucky voted for Democrats. Recently Reconstructed Tennessee sent a Republican delegation. The other 10 ex-Confederate states did not vote. As a percentage of the total number of seats available in the House of Representatives, the Republican majority attained in the election of 1866 has never been exceeded in any subsequent Congress. The Democratic Party was able to achieve similar success only in the political environment of the era of the Great Depression in the 1930s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 84], "content_span": [85, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024457-0009-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries\nSeven secessionist states were readmitted during this Congress, filling 32 vacancies, but are not included in this table if they were not elected within 1866 through 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 82], "content_span": [83, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024457-0010-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries\nThe party affiliations of the 4 Representatives elected in Texas's rejected elections are unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 82], "content_span": [83, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024457-0011-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States House of Representatives elections, Nebraska\nThere were two elections in the new state of Nebraska in 1866: on June 6 for the remainder of the current term, and October 9 for the next term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 72], "content_span": [73, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024457-0012-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States House of Representatives elections, Ohio\nDemocrats gained one seat this election in Ohio. It was later contested and awarded to the Republican for a net gain of zero.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 68], "content_span": [69, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024457-0013-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States House of Representatives elections, Wisconsin\nWisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1866.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 73], "content_span": [74, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024458-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections\nThe United States Senate elections of 1866 and 1867 were elections that saw the Republican Party gain two seats in the United States Senate as several of the Southern States were readmitted during Reconstruction, enlarging their majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024458-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections\nAs these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024458-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 39th Congress\nIn these special elections, the winners were seated during 1866 or in 1867 before March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 104], "content_span": [105, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024458-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 40th Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1867; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024458-0004-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe New York election was held on January 15, 1867, by the New York State Legislature. Republican Ira Harris had been elected in February 1861 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024458-0005-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections, New York\nAt the State election in November 1865, 27 Republicans and 5 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1866-1867) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1866, 82 Republicans and 46 Democrats were elected for the session of 1867 to the Assembly. The 90th State Legislature met from January 1 to April 20, 1867, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024458-0006-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 10, State Senator Charles J. Folger presided. State Senator Thomas Parsons (28th D.) was absent, but had his vote cast by proxy. They nominated Congressman Roscoe Conkling for the U.S. Senate. The incumbent Senator Ira Harris was voted down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024458-0007-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe caucus of the Democratic State legislators met also on January 10. State Senator Henry C. Murphy was nominated on the first ballot with 25 votes against 21 for Ex-D.A. of New York A. Oakey Hall. Roscoe Conkling was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024458-0008-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections, New York\nConkling was re-elected in 1873 and 1879, and remained in office until May 17, 1881, when he resigned in protest against the distribution of federal patronage in New York by President James A. Garfield without being consulted. The crisis between the Stalwart and the Half-Breed factions of the Republican party arose when the leader of the New Yorker Half-Breeds William H. Robertson was appointed Collector of the Port of New York, a position Conkling wanted to give to one of his Stalwart friends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024458-0009-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania\nThe Pennsylvania election was held on January 15, 1867. Simon Cameron was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024458-0010-0000", "contents": "1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania\nIncumbent Republican Edgar Cowan, who was elected in 1861, was a candidate for re-election to another term, but was defeated by former Democratic Senator and former United States Secretary of War Simon Cameron, who had previously switched to the Republican Party. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 15, 1867, to elect a Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1867. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024459-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 college soccer season\nThe 1866 college soccer season is the first record year of association football-like games being held that involved universities in the United States. There were three known games this year that involved American colleges. This included Wisconsin's Carroll College, who played two exhibitions against the Waukesha Town Team in Waukesha, Wisconsin, the Waukesha team and Carroll College exchanged a win and loss. Additionally, Connecticut's Trinity College had an intra-university scrimmage between its class of 1869 and its class of 1870. The match ended in a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024460-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 great fire of Portland, Maine\nThe great fire of Portland, Maine, sometimes known as the 1866 great fire of Portland, occurred on July\u00a04, 1866\u2014the first Independence Day after the end of the American Civil War. Five years before the Great Chicago Fire, this was the greatest fire yet seen in an American city. It started in a boat house on Commercial Street, likely caused by a firecracker or a cigar ash. The fire spread to a lumber yard and on to a sugar house, then spread across the city, eventually burning out on Munjoy Hill in the city's east end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024460-0000-0001", "contents": "1866 great fire of Portland, Maine\nTwo people died in the fire. Ten thousand people were made homeless and 1,800 buildings were burned to the ground. This included the federal Exchange Building by which was replaced with the custom house. Soon after the fire, poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow described his old home town: \"Desolation! Desolation! Desolation! It reminds me of Pompeii, the 'sepult city'.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024462-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1866 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024463-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1866.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024463-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1866 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024463-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1866 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024466-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 in Canada, Historical documents\nCharge given by a Canada West judge to a grand jury in the Fenian invaders case", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024466-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 in Canada, Historical documents\nU.S. President Andrew Johnson hopes Canadian courts will show mercy to condemned Fenians", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024466-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 in Canada, Historical documents\nWashington learns Fenian invaders' death sentences are to be commuted", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024474-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1866 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024474-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nThe 1866 election is held between 12 February and 6 April. After the election the 4th Parliament commences.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024474-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 in New Zealand, Sport, Rowing\nStar Boating Club is established, as of 2009 the oldest sporting club in Wellington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024480-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1866 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024483-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1866 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024486-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1866.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024487-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1866.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024488-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024488-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 in poetry, Events, Ode on the Mammoth Cheese\nIn this year a masterpiece of cheese-making, a 7,000-pound Canadian behemoth produced in Perth, Ontario, and sent to exhibitions in Toronto, New York and Britain, is given its appropriate due in poetry by one James McIntyre (1828\u20131906), a Canadian known as \"The Cheese Poet\", whose work outlasts his subject and might even make its fame immortal. Herewith, an excerpt of his \"Ode on the Mammoth Cheese Weighing Over 7,000 Pounds\":", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 49], "content_span": [50, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024488-0002-0000", "contents": "1866 in poetry, Events, Ode on the Mammoth Cheese\nMcIntyre's poetry is the subject of books in the twentieth century, however, the greatest boost to his fame probably comes from a number of his poems being anthologized in the collection Very Bad Poetry, edited by Ross and Kathryn Petras (Vintage, 1997).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 49], "content_span": [50, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024488-0003-0000", "contents": "1866 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024488-0004-0000", "contents": "1866 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024489-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1866.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024490-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 in science\nThe year 1866 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024491-0000-0000", "contents": "1866 in sports\n1866 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024491-0001-0000", "contents": "1866 in sports, Yacht racing\nThe American schooners Vesta, Henrietta and Fleetwing cross the Atlantic Ocean from Sandy Hook to the Needles, Isle of Wight in the first organised offshore race. The Henrietta, owned by 21-year-old James Gordon Bennett, Jr., and captained by Samuel S. Samuels won the race in 13 days, 21 hours and 55 minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024495-0000-0000", "contents": "1867\n1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1867th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 867th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 67th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  8th   year of the 1860s decade. As of the start of 1867, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024496-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Angela typhoon\nFrom September 20 to 26 of 1867, the capital Manila of the Captaincy General of the Philippines experienced the full brunt of a storm, which was believed to be a typhoon. Dubbed as the 1867 Angela typhoon, the capital was submerged in floods from the storm. Many ships were either disappeared in waters or destroyed in the shores near Santa Lucia and Tondo, both towns near the Manila Bay. The waves on the said bay was described as \"mountainous\" by some residents near the coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024496-0000-0001", "contents": "1867 Angela typhoon\nA ship from British Hong Kong named as \"Malespina\" sank near the Ilocos Region, killing an unknown number of passengers and crews with no survivors. The waters on the Abra River overflowed, killing over 1,800 individuals, of which the majority are due to drowning. This would make the typhoon, the fifth deadliest tropical cyclone ever to hit the present-day Philippines. The damages were unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024496-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Angela typhoon, Meteorological history and impact\nThe typhoon was first tracked overland near Manila on an unknown date. The system likely originated in the waters off the Philippine Sea, far back on September 20. It then started to curve northwestwards, emerging into the Lingayen Gulf on another unknown date, where the barometer on the capital recorded a pressure of 737.30\u00a0mm (29.027 inHg, 982.96 mbar) by the early morning of September 27. This is despite being far away from the province. It then turned westwards, being last noted while on the waters of the South China Sea, far away from any landmasses on September 26. This is recorded as the last known date of the typhoon, despite the barometric pressure reported on the system, a day later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024496-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Angela typhoon, Meteorological history and impact\nThe Malaca\u00f1ang Palace, which is the residence of the governor-general at that time, Jos\u00e9 de la G\u00e1ndara y Navarro, were isolated due to the floods. Some officials there had to use boats to reach the palace, due to the pathways being submerged in waters by an overflowed lake. Typhoon-force winds were present and experienced in the capital and other surrounding areas for over 10 hours. Over seventeen ships were still in the Manila Bay when they experienced the fury of the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024496-0002-0001", "contents": "1867 Angela typhoon, Meteorological history and impact\nThe vessels may have been disappeared and/or wrecked in the shores near the towns of Santa Lucia and Tondo. Some residents near the coast on these areas described the waves in the bay as \u201cmountainous\u201d. Some officials and religious institutions helped some residents that can\u2019t evacuate during the floods to assist them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024496-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Angela typhoon, Meteorological history and impact\nOn September 5, the waters of the Abra River overflowed due to the typhoon, reaching over 25 feet above the spilling level. This tragedy killed over 1,800 individuals of which the majority are due to drowning. It also caused an incalculable amount of damage in crops and livestocks across the Ilocos Region, especially Abra.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024496-0004-0000", "contents": "1867 Angela typhoon, Meteorological history and impact\nA ship, dubbed as \u201cMalespina\u201d which departed from British Hong Kong and going to Europe, experienced the full force of the storm and further sank in an unknown place, possibly in the South China Sea on another unknown date. Nothing has been heard from the ship since then. As time passed, the families of the victims started to worried and suspicions started to emerge in the country. Some months later, the commandant of the navy yard in Manila started a widespread searches from the ill-fated ship, all of which they returned with no traces of the large vessel. It was believed that until this day, the history of the ship remained unknown in human knowledge. Many died in the said tragedy, but the numerical amounts were unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024496-0005-0000", "contents": "1867 Angela typhoon, Aftermath\nAfter the typhoon\u2019s devastation on Luzon, the Ayuntamiento with the consent of G\u00e1ndara distributed an aid to the victims of the storm, amounting to \u20b13,000. A royal decree, which was signed on December 21 that year, described that the expenses were approved for recovery processes and the La Direccion de Adminstracion of the country were instructed to divide the budget for further emergencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024496-0006-0000", "contents": "1867 Angela typhoon, Aftermath\nFive months later, on February 18 of the next year, the Army and Navy of Cavite paid a tribute to the victims of the tragedy and their fellow comrades that were also in that ship. The Santo Domingo Church in the area held a solemn high mass that day, to remember the loss of the passengers and crew of the ill-fated ship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024497-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Ashley by-election\nThe 1867 Ashley by-election was a by-election held on 7 August 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of Ashley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024497-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Ashley by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Lancelot Walker. The by-election was won by Henry Tancred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024497-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Ashley by-election\nTancred was unopposed. There were complaints that the nominating booth at the Survey Office in Mount Grey Downs was in the least populated part of the electorate and difficult of access. James Henry Moore, a member of the Canterbury Provincial Council representing the Sefton electorate, suggested that the Road Board Office at Saltwater Creek was more accessible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1867 Atlantic hurricane season lasted from mid-summer to late-fall. A total of nine known tropical systems developed during the season, with the earliest forming on June 21, and the last dissipating on October 31. On two occasions during the season, two tropical cyclones simultaneously existed with one another; the first time on August 2, and the second on October 9. Records show that 1867 featured two tropical storms, six hurricanes and one major hurricane (Category 3+).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0000-0001", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season\nHowever, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. Of the known 1867 cyclones Hurricanes Three, Four and Six plus Tropical Cyclones Five and Eight were first documented in 1995 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz. Hurricane One was first identified in 2003 by Cary Mock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe strongest storm of the season was Hurricane Nine, or the San Narciso hurricane. It developed in the Central Atlantic, and moved west to impact the Leeward Islands and Greater Antilles. The storm system was a major Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale, meaning the hurricane had maximum sustained winds of 111\u2013130\u00a0mph (178\u2013209\u00a0km/h). This was the costliest, and deadliest, storm of the season, causing at least $1 million (1867 USD) in damage, and at least 800 deaths across the Caribbean Sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nOn the morning of June 21, a tropical storm formed approximately 65\u00a0mi (105\u00a0km) east northeast of Daytona Beach, Florida. Initially below hurricane strength with a maximum sustained wind speed of 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h), the tropical storm moved almost due north, while strengthening steadily. By the early hours of June 22, the system had intensified into a Category 1 hurricane, while moving slowly east northeastward. Early on June 23 the hurricane made landfall east of the city of Charleston, South Carolina, with peak winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h). In Charleston a number of roofs were blown away, trees were uprooted and wharves damaged. Outside the city there was considerable damage to crops due to heavy rainfall. Weakening steadily, the system's last known location was near Raleigh, North Carolina, on June 23.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 867]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nThe bark St. Ursula observed a hurricane about 375\u00a0mi (600\u00a0km) east-northeast of Dominica of July\u00a028. Tracking generally northwestward, the storm changed little in intensity until located to the north of Grand Turk. From there, it proceeded northwestward, and intensified to near Category 1 hurricane status. As it moved to the southwest of Wilmington, North Carolina, the storm attained its peak intensity of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 969\u00a0mbar (28.6\u00a0inHg), based on observations from a ship located about 140\u00a0mi (230\u00a0km) east of Norfolk, Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0003-0001", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nShortly thereafter, the cyclone commenced re-curving to the northeast and began a weakening trend, falling to Category\u00a01 strength by early on August\u00a02. Further weakening occurred while the hurricane was located to the west of Sable Island. The storm was last reported to the south of Cape Race on the island of Newfoundland on August\u00a03.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0004-0000", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nThe town of Marblehead, Massachusetts, recorded 11\u00a0deaths after a fishing schooner went missing in a gale near Sable Island. On Nantucket, the island reported gale-force winds from the southeast, torrential rainfall, and waves washing over 8 to 10\u00a0ft (2.4 to 3.0\u00a0m) hills. The winds damaged crops, especially corn and garden vegetables, while toppling large trees, chimneys, and fences. Waves displaced \"millions of loads of sand\" into Hummock Pond, while also cutting a 100\u00a0ft (30\u00a0m) channel from the pond into the ocean. At least two additional deaths occurred offshore the East Coast of the United States after a brig sank.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0005-0000", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nEarly on August 2, a hurricane developed over the central Caribbean Sea. The storm reached an estimated peak intensity of 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h), making it a Category 2 hurricane. The report of the hurricane was based on observations from the ship Suwanee, with no other reports available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0006-0000", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nLate on August 31, a Category 1 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h) was reported over the Central Atlantic. Moving generally north to north-northeast, the storm gained no intensity over the next day or so as it passed between the United States East Coast and Bermuda. Late on September 2, the storm retained tropical storm status as it paralleled the coast of Washington, D.C. Retracing to the east at an increasing forward speed, the storm system held its intensity of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) for the rest of its existence. Observations from the ship Helen R. Cooper confirm that this storm was in fact a hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0007-0000", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nEarly on September 8, the schooner Matilda encountered a tropical cyclone two hundred miles to the east of the Leeward Islands. The storm's recorded wind speeds reached no more than 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h), and there were no further reports of it on subsequent days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0008-0000", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nLate on September 29, a Category 1 hurricane formed several hundred miles north of the Bahamas. Tracking to the north, the storm system gained very little strength while passing several hundred miles southwest of Savannah, Georgia. It reportedly attained Category 2 hurricane status while located approximately 100\u00a0mi (160\u00a0km) to the east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, with winds peaking at 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h). Spinning to the north-northeast, the hurricane eventually entered a weakening phase, and its last reported location was approximately 285\u00a0mi (459\u00a0km) northeast of Virginia Beach, Virginia. This hurricane never made landfall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0009-0000", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nLate on October 2, a hurricane formed in the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of northeastern Mexico. Holding its intensity, the storm system paralleled the Texas coastline, causing \"many\" deaths. A storm tide value of 7 feet (2.1\u00a0m) was reported in Ludlum (1963), and it is possible that Brownsville, Texas, was in the western eyewall of the hurricane at the storms closest approach. Turning towards Louisiana, the storm made landfall on the state with winds of 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h), a Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0009-0001", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nMoving to the east and weakening, the storm made landfall on the state of Florida during the day on October 6. Holding its strength while crossing the Sunshine state, the tropical storm re-emerged into Atlantic waters. Taking a slight turn to the north, it dissipated off the coast of North Carolina on October 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0010-0000", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nThe hurricane struck Texas, near the mouth of the Rio Grande, and devastated Brownsville, Matamoros, and Bagdad. Because of the devastating effects in these three, state authorities sought help from the governors of Nuevo Le\u00f3n and Coahuila. The governor of Nuevo Le\u00f3n authorized the state to send over 100 bushels of corn; Coahuila's sent 500 loads of flour. Relief was also sent from Veracruz in two vessels. Agriculturalists in Matamoros were allowed to send their goods to Monterrey for storage. The entire population of Bagdad fled, while Matamoros was left nearly in ruins. The official death toll in the area was unknown, but local accounts stated there were at least 26 dead. Entire families disappeared from the area too.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 786]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0011-0000", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nMost buildings in Brazos Santiago were leveled. Clarksville, two miles inland, was also devastated and shortly later abandoned. Galveston, already in the midst of a yellow fever epidemic, was flooded by a storm surge. The mainland rail bridge, a hotel and  hundreds of homes in the city were washed away. Twelve schooners and a river steamboat were wrecked in the bay there and wharves destroyed. On October 3 high seas and heavy rains flooded New Orleans. Bath houses and a saw mill there were blown away. Houses were also swept away at Milneberg and at Pilottown, Louisiana. The Ship Shoal Light was damaged while the Shell Keys lighthouse was destroyed and its keeper killed. High winds and heavy rainfall continued across southeast Louisiana until October 6, inflicting great damage on crops.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 853]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0012-0000", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nThis tropical storm is known from having wrecked the schooner Three Sisters on the night of October 9 at Saint Martin in the eastern Caribbean. It may also have been responsible for seven inches of rain falling on Barbados on October 7 but that is uncertain. It is estimated that the storm  reached its peak with winds of 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) on October 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0013-0000", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine\nThe mail steamer Principe Alfonso first observed this cyclone about 750\u00a0mi (1,205\u00a0km) east-northeast of Barbuda around 00:00\u00a0UTC on October\u00a027. Moving westward, the storm intensified, becoming a hurricane on the following day. The system further strengthened into a major hurricane, reaching Category\u00a03 early on October\u00a029. Around that time, the hurricane made landfall on Sombrero Island. The storm peaked with winds of 125\u00a0mph (205\u00a0km/h) and a pressure of 952\u00a0mbar (28.1\u00a0inHg) shortly before striking Saint Thomas in the United States Virgin Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0013-0001", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine\nLate on October\u00a029, the hurricane struck northeastern Puerto Rico near Fajardo with winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h). The cyclone quickly weakened to a Category\u00a01 over the island before emerging into the Mona Passage. On October\u00a030, the system struck just southwest of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, as a Category\u00a01 hurricane. Mountainous terrain caused the storm to rapidly weaken and dissipate over Haiti on the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0014-0000", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine\nThe hurricane left extensive impact in the British Virgin Islands, with the storm destroying about 100\u00a0homes on Virgin Gorda and 60\u00a0out of 123\u00a0homes on Tortola. Most sugar plantations and many crops were damaged. At least 39\u00a0deaths occurred in the British Virgin Islands, including 37\u00a0on Tortola and 2\u00a0on Peter Island. At Saint Thomas, the hurricane destroyed about 80\u00a0ships, including the RMS Rhone. On the island itself, the cyclone caused approximately 600\u00a0deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024498-0014-0001", "contents": "1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine\nA death toll of 211, mostly due to drowning by floods or landslides, was reported on Puerto Rico, while the hurricane destroyed fourteen vessels and sixteen bridges on the island. Extensive damage occurred to the Puerto Rico's agriculture. In Dominican Republic, the cyclone nearly destroyed the city of Santo Domingo and caused about 200\u00a0additional deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024499-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Avon by-election\nThe 1867 Avon by-election was a by-election held on 11 March 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Christchurch electorate of Avon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024499-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Avon by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Crosbie Ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024499-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Avon by-election\nThe by-election was won by William Reeves, the business partner of Ward. As there were no other candidates, he was declared elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024499-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Avon by-election\nWard died in November 1867 and in May 1868, Reeves resigned as he was unable to stay away from his business for the upcoming 1868 parliamentary session in Wellington. This triggered the 1868 Avon by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024500-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Belgian general election\nPartial general elections were held in Belgium on 11 June 1867. In the Senate, where only seats in the provinces of Antwerp, Brabant, Luxembourg, Namur and West Flanders were up for election, the result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 33 of the 62 seats. Voter turnout was 52.0%, although only 55,506 people were eligible to vote. The Chamber was not up for election this year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024501-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Belmont Stakes\nThe 1867 Belmont Stakes was the first running of the Belmont Stakes. It was held on June 19, 1867, at Jerome Park Racetrack in Fordham, Westchester County -- now part of The Bronx.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024501-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Belmont Stakes\nIn a field of four horses, the only filly that entered, Ruthless, won the inaugural event by a head over second place DeCourcey. Instead of having to carry 110 pounds like the other three horses, Ruthless only had to carry 107. For winning, Ruthless's owners received $1,850.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024501-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Belmont Stakes\nRuthless was the first of only three fillies to win the Belmont Stakes. The other two are Tanya (1905) and Rags to Riches (2007).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024502-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Birthday Honours\nThe 1867 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 24 May 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024502-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024503-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1867 saw the election of Nathaniel B. Shurtleff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024504-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 California gubernatorial election\nThe 1867 California gubernatorial election was held on September 4, 1867, to elect the governor of California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024505-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Canadian federal election\nThe 1867 Canadian federal election was held from August 7 to September 20, 1867, and was the first election for the new nation of Canada. It was held to elect members representing electoral districts in the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec to the House of Commons of the 1st Canadian Parliament. The provinces of Manitoba (1870) and British Columbia (1871) were created during the term of the 1st Parliament of Canada and were not part of this election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024505-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Canadian federal election\nSir John A. Macdonald had been sworn in as prime minister by the Governor General, Lord Monck, when the new Canadian nation was founded on 1 July 1867. As leader of the Conservative Party of Canada (concurrently known as the Liberal-Conservative Party until 1873), he led his party in this election and continued as Prime Minister of Canada when the Conservatives won a majority of the seats in the election, including majorities of the seats (and votes) in the new provinces of Ontario and Quebec.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024505-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Canadian federal election\nThe Liberal Party of Canada won the second most seats overall, including a majority of the seats (and votes) in the province of New Brunswick. The Liberals did not have a party leader in the election. George Brown, who was the leader of the Liberal Party of Ontario, was considered the \"elder statesman\" of the national party. Brown ran concurrently for seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and the House of Commons of Canada, and might well have been Prime Minister in the unlikely event that the Liberals prevailed over the Conservatives in the national election. Brown failed to win a seat in either body, and the national Liberals remained officially leaderless until 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024505-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Canadian federal election\nThe Anti-Confederation Party, led by Joseph Howe, won the third most seats overall, based solely on a majority of seats (and votes) in the province of Nova Scotia. Their main desire was the reversal of the decision to join Confederation, which had become highly unpopular in that province. The goals of the Anti-Confederation Members of Parliament (MPs) were openly supported by five of the Liberal MPs of New Brunswick. The Anti-Confederation MPs sat with the Liberal caucus. When the government in Britain refused to allow Nova Scotia to secede, a majority of the Anti-Confederation MPs (11 of 18) moved to the Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024505-0004-0000", "contents": "1867 Canadian federal election\nHalifax was a two-member riding at the time of the election, while the City of Saint John was represented by its own district and the County of Saint John. The election in Kamouraska, Quebec was delayed due to rioting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024505-0005-0000", "contents": "1867 Canadian federal election, Election\nThe first Canadian election took place without a uniform set of election laws to govern the selection of members to the House of Commons, an interim measure until Parliament could pass its own election laws, which did not come until 1885. Instead, the election was contested under the rules set by each individual province prior to confederation, and future elections would be contested under provincial rules until a time when federal parliament set their own rules. Because of this, voting rights were inconsistent, as was the method of casting a ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024505-0006-0000", "contents": "1867 Canadian federal election, Election\nThe election took place over a six week period from August 7 to September 20, with electoral district polls closing at different dates throughout the period. Under the system each electoral district was required to be polled in one day, but the day did not have to be the same across all electoral districts. The exception to the extended polling period (often called \"polling circuits\") being Nova Scotia which abolished the practice of polling different districts on different days after excessive violence was reported in the 1843 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024505-0007-0000", "contents": "1867 Canadian federal election, Election, Franchise\nThe basic general requirement to vote across provinces was the requirement to be a male British subject 21 years of age or older. Voting was conducted in Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia through oral vote which required an eligible elector to declare their choice. New Brunswick adopted a form of secret ballot in 1855, where electors write the name of a candidate on a piece of paper and deposit the vote in a ballot box.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024505-0008-0000", "contents": "1867 Canadian federal election, Election, Franchise\nIn all provinces, women and government employees including civil servants, judges, police and prosecutors were not permitted to vote. Indigenous individuals who met property criteria were excluded from voting eligibility in most provinces if they received a benefit paid by the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024505-0009-0000", "contents": "1867 Canadian federal election, Election, Franchise\nThe Ontario elections laws were updated in 1866, with electors were required to meet a property qualification of being a owner or tenant with a property value listed on the assessment roll of $600 in a city, $400 in a town, $300 in an incorporated village, and $100 in a township or police village. Furthermore, urban residents must prove an annual income of at least $250. An estimated 16.5 per cent of the population of Ontario was enfranchised for the 1867 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024505-0009-0001", "contents": "1867 Canadian federal election, Election, Franchise\nIn Quebec, the property qualification for being an owner was $300 in urban areas and $200 in rural areas, and a tenant required a rent of $30 in an urban area or $20 in a rural area. Nova Scotia's election laws were passed in 1863, and had a property qualification for owners or tenants of $150, and enfranchised persons with $300 of personal property. while New Brunswick had a property qualification for owners of $100 and an annual income of $400.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024505-0010-0000", "contents": "1867 Canadian federal election, Election, Electoral districts\nElectoral districts were set by the Constitution Act, 1867 on the principal of representation by population. The Act provided Quebec a minimum of 65 seats and seat allotment for the remainder of the country was based by dividing the average population of Quebec's 65 electoral districts to determine the number of seats for other provinces. The Act also specified that distribution and boundary reviews should occur after each 10 year census.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024505-0011-0000", "contents": "1867 Canadian federal election, Results, Detailed analysis\nThe election in Kamouraska, Quebec, was cancelled due to rioting at the polling places. No member was elected for the riding until a by-election in 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024506-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Central Cumberland colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Central Cumberland on 27 June 1867 because of the resignation of John Hay who was then appointed to the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024507-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Chicago mayoral election\nIn the Chicago mayoral election of 1867, incumbent Republican John Blake Rice won reelection, defeating Democrat Francis Cornwall Sherman by a nearly ten-point margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024507-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Chicago mayoral election\nThe election was held on April 16. It was ultimately a rematch of the previous election. This was Chicago's first mayoral election held after the conclusion of the American Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024507-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Chicago mayoral election\nThis was the final election before a law that would move mayoral elections from April to November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024508-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 City of Auckland West by-election\nThe 1867 City of Auckland West by-election was a by-election held  on 25 April 1867 in the City of Auckland West electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament. It was then a two-member electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024508-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 City of Auckland West by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, James Williamson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024508-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 City of Auckland West by-election\nPatrick Dignan was nominated, and as there were no other nominations he was declared elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024509-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 City of Christchurch by-election\nThe 1867 City of Christchurch by-election was a by-election held on 13 February 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Christchurch electorate of Christchurch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024509-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 City of Christchurch by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP James FitzGerald on 3 January 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024510-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 City of Dunedin by-election\nThe 1867 City of Dunedin by-election was a by-election held  on 19 January 1867 in the City of Dunedin electorate in Dunedin during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024510-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 City of Dunedin by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, William Reynolds. In 1867, there was great political turmoil in Otago over the New Zealand Wars fought in the North Island and its associated expenditure, and calls for separation of the South Island from the North Island. At a public meeting called by the Mayor of Dunedin, William Mason, Reynolds and James Paterson, who represented the City of Dunedin, both agreed that they would resign and then see whether they still had public support. Reynolds went ahead with his resignation but Paterson did not.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024510-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 City of Dunedin by-election\nReynolds stood for re-election, and was confirmed by a large majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024510-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 City of Dunedin by-election\nHe was opposed by James Gordon Stuart Grant, a local eccentric and frequent candidate who was then a member of the Otago Provincial Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024511-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1867 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 1, 1867. It was a rematch of the 1866 Connecticut gubernatorial election. Democratic nominee James E. English defeated incumbent governor, former Civil War general and Republican nominee Joseph Roswell Hawley with 50.52% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024511-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nAs this was held shortly after the end of American Civil War, some aspects of the National Union Party were still present. The Republican convention held in New Haven on January 25 still sometimes referred to itself as the \"Union Republican\" convention. All references to the National Union label were dropped by the end of the 1860s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024512-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Dalmatian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia (part of today's Croatia) in 1867. The Autonomists claimed victory for the third straight time, while the opposition People's Party narrowed the gap. The results were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024513-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Deiphobus\n1867 Deiphobus /di\u02d0\u02c8\u026af\u0259b\u0259s/ is a dark Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 123 kilometers (76\u00a0mi) in diameter. It was discovered on 3 March 1971, by Argentine astronomers Carlos Cesco and A. G. Samuel at the Leoncito Astronomical Complex in Argentina, and later named after the Trojan prince Deiphobus from Greek mythology. The dark D-type asteroid is one of the largest Jupiter trojans. It is a member of the Ennomos family and has a long rotation period of 58.66 hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024513-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Deiphobus, Orbit and classification\nDeiphobus is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the trailing Trojan camp at Jupiter's L5 Lagrangian point, 60\u00b0 behind its orbit in a 1:1 resonance (see Trojans in astronomy). It is a member of the Ennomos family (009), a small Jovian asteroid family with 30 known members, named after 4709\u00a0Ennomos. There only a few Jovian families known to date. The Ennomos family was first identified by Jakub Rozehnal and Miroslav Bro\u017e in 2011. However, a different HCM-based analysis assigns Deiphobus to the Jovian background population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 40], "content_span": [41, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024513-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Deiphobus, Orbit and classification\nIt orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.9\u20135.4\u00a0AU once every 11 years and 7 months (4,241 days; semi-major axis of 5.13\u00a0AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.04 and an inclination of 27\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Leoncito in March 1971.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 40], "content_span": [41, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024513-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Deiphobus, Physical characteristics\nDeiphobus is characterized as a dark D-type asteroid in the Tholen, Barucci, Tedesco, as well as in the SDSS-based taxonomy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 40], "content_span": [41, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024513-0004-0000", "contents": "1867 Deiphobus, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves\nSeveral rotational lightcurve have been obtained since 1987, when the first photometric observations of Deiphobus by Linda French at CTIO indicated that the body has longer-than average rotation period of at least 24 hours.(U=2). In February 1994, observations by Stefano Mottola and Anders Erikson, using the ESO 1-metre telescope at La Silla Observatory in Chile, gave a slow rotation period of 58.66\u00b10.18 hours with a brightness variation of 0.27\u00b10.03 magnitude (U=3-).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 53], "content_span": [54, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024513-0005-0000", "contents": "1867 Deiphobus, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves\nSince 2015, follow-up observations by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies measured 58.62 and 58.699, confirming Mottola's long period (U=3-/3-), and superseding other reported periods from fragmentary lightcurves (U=2/1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 53], "content_span": [54, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024513-0006-0000", "contents": "1867 Deiphobus, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves\nWhile not being a slow rotator, Deiphobus has a much longer rotation period than the vast majority of asteroids, which typically rotate between 2 and 20 hours once around their axis. Among all large Jovian asteroids, only 617\u00a0Patroclus has a longer period than Deiphobus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 53], "content_span": [54, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024513-0007-0000", "contents": "1867 Deiphobus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nAccording to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Deiphobus measures between 118.22 and 131.31 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.037 and 0.060. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0396 and a diameter of 122.65 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 8.68.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 61], "content_span": [62, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024513-0008-0000", "contents": "1867 Deiphobus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nNote: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB () and from the LCDB () for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 61], "content_span": [62, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024513-0009-0000", "contents": "1867 Deiphobus, Naming\nThis minor planet was named after the Trojan warrior, Deiphobus, son of King Priam (also see 108 Hecuba and 884 Priamus). The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3935).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024514-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 East Macquarie colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Macquarie on 26 August 1867 because of the resignation of David Buchanan to return to Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024515-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 East Suffolk by-election\nThe 1867 East Suffolk by-election was held on 20 February 1867 after the resignation of the Conservative MP Sir Edward Kerrison. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Frederick Snowdon Corrance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024516-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 East Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Sydney on 20 March 1867 because Charles Cowper resigned due to financial difficulties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024517-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 English cricket season\n1867 was the 81st season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). Yorkshire achieved a perfect season in first-class cricket, something not likely to be equaled on covered pitches due to the high frequency of drawn matches, and even beforehand much more difficult due to the increased scoring after 1870 produced by the heavy roller and the disappearance of the abundant shooters which previously made batting very tough. The season is, however, best known for a schism between the northern and southern professionals that led to the North v South game, one of the major \"representative\" fixtures of the time, being suspended for several years because northern professionals refused to play in London for want of better conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024518-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Goldfields West colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Goldfields West on 26 February 1867 because of the resignation of Stephen Donnelly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024519-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Grand National\nThe 1867 Grand National was the 29th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 6 March 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024520-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Iowa Senate election\nIn the 1867 Iowa State Senate elections, Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the twelfth Iowa General Assembly. Following the expansion of the Iowa Senate from 48 to 49 seats in 1867, elections were held for 34 of the state senate's 49 seats. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024520-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election in 1865, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 42 seats to Democrats' six seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024520-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 19 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024520-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 40 seats, Democrats having eight seats, and a lone seat for the People's Party (a net gain of 2 seats for Democrats and 1 seat for the People's Party).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024521-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1867 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1867. Republican nominee Samuel Merrill defeated Democratic nominee Charles Mason with 62.93% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024522-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Italian general election\nBettino Ricasoli resigned as Prime Minister of Italy on 10 March 1867, due to a recalcitrant Italian Chamber. The chamber disapproved of his agreements with the Vatican regarding the repatriation of certain religious properties. Subsequent to his resignation, general elections were held in Italy on 10 March 1867; with the second round of voting on 17 March 1867. These snap elections resulted in Urbano Rattazzi being elected once again to office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024522-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Italian general election\nDue to the restrictive Italian electoral laws of the time, only 504,265 Italian men, out of a total population of around 26 million, were entitled to vote. The voters were largely aristocrats, rentiers, and capitalists, who tended to hold moderate political views, including loyalty to the crown and low government spending.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024522-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nThe opposition to Ricasoli was mainly organized by former Prime Minister Rattazzi, a moderate member of the Historical Left, who had entered into a coalition with the Historical Right in Piedmont fifteen years earlier. Even though Italian elections were officially non-partisan, the political conflict was so evident that the election became a match between these two political heavyweights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024522-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nThe 1867 election was a great defeat for Ricasoli, who thereafter retired to private life. However, while Ricasoli lost, Rattazzi did not receive a clear mandate, especially during the second part of the traditional two-round system. Many Independent candidates, who were ready to support any government that would support their local interests, were lukewarm supporters at best. Ultimately, Rattazzi was charged by the king to form a new government, but the fickle leftist faction abandoned him, forcing Rattazzi to form a new coalition. This was typical of Italian politics of the day, which were officially non-partisan with no structured parties. Voters instead were influenced more by localism and corruption, rather than loyalty to any leader or party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024522-0004-0000", "contents": "1867 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nRattazzi tried to form a centrist government consisting of his centre-left moderate faction, some Independents, and the Historical Right. These groups agreed to the coalition in order to later regain control. However, despite his efforts, Rattazzi's victory was ephemeral, similar to his first term as Prime Minister in 1862: barely six months later he was unable to stop an armed attack by a national hero, Giuseppe Garibaldi, upon the Papal State. The King, seeing that Rattazzi was ineffective, quickly forced his resignation. Senator Federico Luigi Menabrea then took over as Prime Minister, with the Historical Right regaining full control of the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024523-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Kaiapoi by-election\nThe 1867 Kaiapoi by-election was a by-election held on 5 July 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of Kaiapoi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024523-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Kaiapoi by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Joseph Beswick on 24 April 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024523-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Kaiapoi by-election\nThe by-election was won by John Studholme. As there were no other candidates, he was declared duly elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024524-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Kansas suffrage referendum\nThe U.S. state of Kansas held a referendum on a proposed constitutional amendment to grant women the full right to vote on November 5, 1867. It was the first-ever referendum on women's suffrage in U.S. history, and specifically sought to amend Section 1, Article 5 of the state constitution to \"eliminate the word \"male\" from the clause defining the qualifications of an elector.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024524-0000-0001", "contents": "1867 Kansas suffrage referendum\nThe amendment had been approved by the legislature, but had to be ratified by the all-white-male electorate of the state; the proposed amendment shared the November ballot with a proposition to \"eliminate the word \"white\" from the clause defining the qualifications of an elector\" and allow African-American males the right to vote. The results of the Kansas election saw both ballot items defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024524-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Background\nIn the summer of 1865, Republicans proposed a Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution that would enfranchise the two million newly freed black men. This was the first time the word \"male\" would be introduced into the Constitution, and women were now explicitly not guaranteed the right to vote. Thus, suffragists, in an effort to secure their political rights alongside freedmen, resolved to combine the abolitionist and suffragist movements into one Equal Rights Association, an idea officially proposed by female suffrage activists Lucy Stone and Susan B. Anthony at an antislavery meeting in January, 1866.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024524-0001-0001", "contents": "1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Background\nThe suffragists believed they had support for the proposal from the abolitionists, who had previously supported their cause. However, when the Republican Party chose to make black suffrage part of their program during Reconstruction the Republicans began to collaborate more closely with the abolitionists, and by 1867, most were full supporters of the Republican Party. The Republican party believed that black suffrage, which was a party measure in national politics held far more prospects than women's suffrage, and the Republican cry was \"this is the negro's hour.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024524-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Campaigns\nAfter the defeat in New York in 1867, Samuel Newitt Wood, leader of a rebel faction of the state Republican Party, arrived in Kansas by request of Stone, and invited the Equal Rights Association to help launch their women's suffrage campaign. Wood had emigrated to Kansas to prevent the extension of slavery. A true abolitionist and successful politician, Wood won election to the Kansas senate in 1867. Though he genuinely cared about women's suffrage, Wood also hoped to make his campaign in Kansas a success so that he could get enough recognition to run for national office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024524-0002-0001", "contents": "1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Campaigns\nHe directed a strong rights campaign, forcing the Republican Kansas legislature to submit two separate bills for black and women's suffrage. The Equal Rights Association tried to sway the abolitionists to campaign alongside them, but received no response. Wood, supported both women's and black suffrage, but was accused of being only interested in women's suffrage. Many abolitionists began to question Wood's motives when they thought he opposed black suffrage as a member of the house in 1864. They began to heavily criticize his campaign, accusing him of promoting women's suffrage only to defeat black suffrage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024524-0002-0002", "contents": "1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Campaigns\nWood actually supported Impartial Suffrage, supporting both the rights of blacks and women. Nonetheless, the equal rights campaign managed to stay afloat through the spring of 1867, due to a large female populace in Kansas that produced \"the largest and most enthusiastic meetings and any one of our audiences would give a majority for women.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024524-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Campaigns\nThe 1867 defeat of women's suffrage in New York strengthened the Republicans' position against women's suffrage, and on August 31, they opened their anti-female suffrage campaign in Kansas. By the time Stanton and Anthony arrived in September, Anthony wrote that \"the mischief done was irreparable,\" and the universal equal rights campaign, faced with a fierce Republican anti-suffragist campaign and the refusal of support from ambivalent abolitionists, had fallen apart. Stanton and Anthony, desperate for support, looked towards the Democrats, who made up one-fourth of the Kansas legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024524-0003-0001", "contents": "1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Campaigns\nThey, however, expressed opposition to both women's and black suffrage and refused to lend aid. One wealthy Democrat, George Francis Train, a former Copperhead, was willing to help Anthony and Stanton. Train was blatantly racist, and he campaigned by attacking black suffrage. Though his racist standpoint conflicted with the policy set forth by the Equal Rights Association, Stanton and Anthony, with no other political allies to turn to, chose to work with Train to keep women's suffrage alive in Kansas, although they had long been abolitionists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024524-0004-0000", "contents": "1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Result\nThe results of the Kansas election saw both women's and black suffrage defeated, with black suffrage receiving 10,483 votes and women's receiving 9,070. With the defeat, equal rights activists were forced to realize that their campaign had failed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024524-0005-0000", "contents": "1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Result\nThe failure of the campaign stemmed from the tensions within the Equal Rights Association. The major problem arose from the fact that many members were \"feminists\" and abolitionists torn between supporting suffrage, or fighting for freedmen and women at the same time. While African-American men in Kansas would gain the right to vote under the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870, it would take two decades for women of all races in Kansas to win suffrage in municipal elections (in 1887), and it would take until 1912 for women to vote in all elections in Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024525-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Liberian general election\nPresidential elections were held in Liberia in May 1867. The result was a victory for James Spriggs Payne of the Republican Party, defeating Opposition Party candidate Edward James Roye. The election was very close, with the House of Representatives required to decide the final outcome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024526-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Liverpool Town Council election\nElections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Friday 1 November 1867. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024526-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Liverpool Town Council election, Election result\nBecause of the large number of uncontested seats, these statistics should be taken in that context.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024526-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 16, North Toxteth, 1 November 1867\nCaused by the retirement of Councillor Edward Lawrence (Conservative, North Toxteth, elected 2 November 1865).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 90], "content_span": [91, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024526-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By Election, 4 April 1867\nFollowing the death of Alderman James Parker, reported to the Council on 1 April 1868, John Weightman was elected as an alderman on 4 April 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 88], "content_span": [89, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024526-0004-0000", "contents": "1867 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 5, Exchange, 22 April 1868\nCaused by the death of Councillor William Barry (Liberal, Exchange, elected unopposed 1 November 1866) which was reported to the Council on 29 April 1868", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 82], "content_span": [83, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024526-0005-0000", "contents": "1867 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 5, Exchange, June 1868\nCaused by the resignation of Councillor John Swainson (Exchange, elected 1 November 1865) , reported to the Council on 3 June 1868", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 78], "content_span": [79, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024527-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Lyttelton by-election\nThe 1867 Lyttelton by-election was a by-election held on 1 July 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of Lyttelton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024527-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Lyttelton by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Edward Hargreaves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024527-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Lyttelton by-election\nThe by-election was won by George Macfarlan. Another candidate\u2014George Agar\u2014was proposed, but did not find a seconder, hence Macfarlan was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024528-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Macedonian rebellion\nThe 1867 Macedonian rebellion (Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1867) was a Greek rebellion which aimed at resisting against the arbitrariness of the local Ottoman dynasts, asserting the rights of the Macedonian Greeks in the area, as well as indirect aiding the already ongoing Cretan Revolt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024528-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Macedonian rebellion\nThe rebellion took place mainly in the area of Western Macedonia and it peaked with the capture of Mariovo and its proclamation as \"Free Greece\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024528-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Macedonian rebellion, Background\nIn 1866 the Great Cretan Revolution broke out. Simultaneously there appear other revolutionary bases throughout the Greek-inhabited Ottoman Empire, like Thessaly, Epirus. At the end of April 1866, Leonidas Voulgaris disembarked on Ormylia in Chalchidiki, at the head of an armed force, and united with the local fighters under captain Georgios from the Mademochoria. The activities of this force ended on June of the same year because of the quick response of the powerful Ottoman forces garrisoned in the area, after the Greek government itself notified the Ottoman authorities to avoid a diplomatic incident. In Western Macedonia and specifically in Monastir, which was the center of Greek culture in the area, operated a nationalist association called \"Kazino\", since 1852. Revolutionary brewings started in 1866 because of the Cretan Revolution and various armed groups, under Greek Macedonian leaders, entered Macedonia from Greece in this period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 990]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024528-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Macedonian rebellion, Background\nIn 1867 the \"New Filiki Etaireia\" was founded in Monastir by Greek Macedonians, such as the educator Anastasios Pichion from Ohrid, the gymnasium headmaster Nikolaos Filippidis from Monastir, the doctor Ioannis Argyropoulos from Kleisoura, Kastoria. They were joined by many others such as the Nymfaians Michael and Anastasios Tsirlis, as well as Ioannis Boutaris (great-great-grandfather of the mayor of Thessaloniki Yiannis Boutaris). The organisation aimed at the morally elevating Macedonian Hellenism and conducting revolutionary operations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024528-0004-0000", "contents": "1867 Macedonian rebellion, Revolt\nDuring the Cretan Revolt, the appropriate distraction was found and a coordinated revolt commenced, armed bands of Macedonian klephts who had trained on guerilla warfare for some time, in the Macedonian mountains. The most important were, Naoum Kyrou from Antartiko, A. Kordistas from Nymfaio, Nikolaos Pinis (also known as Kole Pinas) from Flampouro, brothers Nikolaos and Stefanos Dalipis from Sfika, Naoum Konstantinidis (Orlinis) from Ieropigi, Kastoria and his lieutenant Naidos, Arkoudas, Giaresis and others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024528-0005-0000", "contents": "1867 Macedonian rebellion, Revolt\nAfter continuous battles with Ottoman forces in the area, they managed to take control of the area of Mariovo, which they declared \"Free Greece\". The general revolt ended in fall of 1867, when the rebels withdrew because of winter, but also because of pressure from the Ottoman army. For the next two years the situation was unstable, as armed  Macedonians frequently clashed with Ottoman forces. Though these actions were uncoordinated and soon the revolution ended completely.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024528-0006-0000", "contents": "1867 Macedonian rebellion, Aftermath\nThe outcome of the revolt was predetermined, as the rebels were isolated in Western Macedonia, surrounded by significant numbers of Ottoman troops. Already since the summer of 1867 the revolutionary cells in Thessaly and Epirus had been suppressed and there was no prospect of aid from the Greek state. Greece offered no help, and soon the revolt was crushed. What it managed to do however was to rouse Macedonian Hellenism and create a new lot of rebels, who had to become klephts in the mountains, in order to survive. Therefore, a significant reserve of fighters was created who would come to be useful in the future.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024529-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1867 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 9, 1867. Incumbent Republican Governor and war hero Joshua Chamberlain defeated the Democratic candidate Eben F. Pillsbury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024529-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Maine gubernatorial election, General election, Results\nChamberlain won reelection to a second term, and won a majority of 11,723 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake\nThe 1867 Manhattan earthquake struck Riley County, Kansas, in the United States on April 24, 1867 at 20:22 UTC, or about 14:30 local time. The strongest earthquake to originate in the state, it measured 5.1 on a seismic scale that is based on an isoseismal map or the event's felt area. The earthquake's epicenter was near the town of Manhattan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake\nThe earthquake had a maximum perceived intensity of VII (Very strong) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused minor damage, reports of which were confined to Kansas, Iowa, and Missouri, according to the United States Geological Survey. Felt over an area of 200,000 square miles (520,000\u00a0km2), the earthquake reached the states of Indiana, Illinois, and possibly Ohio, though the latter reports have been questioned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake\nManhattan is near the Nemaha Ridge, a long anticline structure that is bounded by several faults. The nearby Humboldt Fault Zone in particular poses a threat to the city. Kansas is not known for earthquake activity, but an earthquake could occur at any time. A 2016 hazard map from the United States Geological Survey estimated a 1% or lower risk for a major earthquake in Kansas for the following year, though scientists from the agency think an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 remains possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Background and geography\nThe earthquake's epicenter was near Manhattan, Kansas, a town just off the confluence of the Kansas River and the Big Blue River. Manhattan lies near the Nemaha Ridge, an anticline and 300\u2011million-year-old Precambrian granite range bounded by faults, which likely produced the earthquake. It hosts the Humboldt Fault Zone, which, in addition to serving as the range's easternmost boundary, has produced a large portion of the state's earthquakes. A normal, or dip-slip fault, it is responsible for at least several small tremors smaller than magnitude 2.7 each year. The fault cuts through Permian rock. Despite being previously thought to be a simple, Precambrian structure, according to the Geological Society of America, it may be a complex fault.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 810]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0004-0000", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Background and geography\nThe Nemaha Range lies roughly 50 miles (80\u00a0km) east of the Midcontinent rift, which forms a layer of basaltic rock about 1.1\u00a0billion years old. This rift extends northward to Lake Superior and the surrounding area and southward to Kansas, then terminates abruptly. Also present in the state is the Central Kansas Uplift, the faults of which produced several small earthquakes during the late 1980s. According to United States Geological Survey geophysicist Don Steeples, earthquakes at the Humboldt Zone have decreased, and activity at the Uplift was increasing as of the 1980s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0005-0000", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Background and geography\nFelt over an area of 193,000 square miles (500,000\u00a0km2), with other sources listing the felt area as 300,000 square miles (780,000\u00a0km2) or 95,000 square miles (250,000\u00a0km2), the 1867 earthquake followed the Midcontinent seismic trend: unlike coastal earthquakes in the United States, events in the central and east-central sectors of the country are spread out over extensive areas. This occurs as a result of the region's stiff soil, and because earthquakes in Kansas tend to occur at a shallow depth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0005-0001", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Background and geography\nThe 1867 Manhattan earthquake remains the largest earthquake to originate in the state, though at least 25 have taken place since, including another powerful earthquake 10 miles (16\u00a0km) north of Manhattan in Pottawatomie County. In 2016, a magnitude 5.1 earthquake with an epicenter in Oklahoma shook the Manhattan area. According to a report in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, the frequency of moderately strong earthquakes within the state is between 40 and 45 years. One study found that between December 1977 and June 1989, more than 100 earthquakes were recognized by a seismograph network. All were between 4.0 and 0.8 on the Richter magnitude scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0006-0000", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties\nOriginating at 20:22 UTC, or around 2:30 local time, the earthquake was assigned a maximum Mercalli intensity scale of VII, considered \"very strong\". Minor damage occurred throughout the geographical region, including 22 counties in Kansas, and injuries were reported as well. The earthquake fractured walls, downed chimneys, and otherwise damaged structures, even loosening stones. Within the epicentral area near Manhattan, clocks stopped, people felt electrical shocks and inhabitants were frightened. The following day, an aftershock occurred between 3 and 4 a.m. Damage within Manhattan and a number of other communities may have been exacerbated by their location within alluvial valleys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0007-0000", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties\nAt a farm 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) south of the city of Wamego, the earthquake caused liquefaction of the ground. To the north of Wamego, in the city of Louisville, the earthquake knocked over horses. In both Louisville and the city of Leavenworth, chimneys fell; in Paola, the earthquake destroyed one wall of a large Republican newspaper office building. Waves were observed on the Kansas River, reaching 2.0 feet (0.6\u00a0m) in height. The city of Atchison felt two shocks, which felled lamps and bottles at a drug store, rocked buildings, and disrupted water flow in rivers and creeks. Though no buildings in the city sustained damage, people fled into the streets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0008-0000", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties\nIn Emporia, the earthquake was accompanied by a low rumbling sound, windows rattled, and small boxes were thrown off of shelves as people fled buildings. The city's brick and stone houses sustained more damage than framed homes. The city of Fort Scott only experienced trembling, whereas Iola had houses and tableware shake. In Holton, items were knocked off shelves, and buildings shook. Residents of Irving also heard rumbling prior to the earthquake, experiencing severe tremors that lasted 30 seconds, while buildings in Junction City shook violently, moving several inches. In Kansas City, tables moved, walls cracked, water spilled from glasses, plaster cracked, and the shaking caused general panic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0009-0000", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties\nThe city of Lawrence felt three earthquakes within 30 seconds, with violent shaking of doors and windows, broken plaster, a rumbling noise, stones knocked off a local church, rattling of silverware and glassware, and the overturning of a stove in one home. Similarly, in the city of Leavenworth, three shocks were felt over 30 seconds. In Leavenworth, a man was knocked off a hayload, a rumbling noise was heard, and clocks stopped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0009-0001", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties\nMoreover, saws leaning against walls were moved 6 inches (15\u00a0cm), plaster at one home cracked for the entire length of the house's ceiling, and one woman experienced an electrical shock from spring water. In the city of Lecompton, one of the buildings at Lane University shook, and a high school in the city of Marysville also shook violently.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0010-0000", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties\nWithin Montgomery County, people in moving vehicles did not feel the earthquake. Houses shook in Mound City, Ottawa, and Olathe, as well as in the city of Oskaloosa, where the cupola (a relatively small, most often dome-like, tall structure) of a new school wobbled. In Paola, people standing were nearly knocked over during the earthquake. A train on the Pacific Railroad in Solomon shook violently, and was stopped and evacuated out of fear that its boiler would explode. In Topeka, the capital city of Kansas, the ceiling of a Methodist church was bent, and nearly all of the windows in one schoolhouse were destroyed. Two shocks were felt in the city of White Cloud, and sleeping people were awakened in Wyandotte County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0011-0000", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties\nReports from the states of Iowa and Missouri, including descriptions of fallen plaster in Dubuque, shaking of buildings and people in rocking chairs in Des Moines, and fallen and cracked plaster in Chillicothe, complement additional reports of fallen plaster and roof shingles, damaged wells, and cracked walls. Other events reported in Dubuque included three shocks, which caused vibration of gas burners; general panic among residents; rattling of windows; shaking of chairs, cases holding newspapers, and windows; and holes in brick walls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0011-0001", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties\nIn the city of St. Joseph in Missouri, the windows broke, women fainted, and a rumbling noise could be heard. Within the city, a new school building's brick walls cracked several feet above the ground as people fled into the streets. In Warrensburg, Missouri, the walls of a church shook, but there was no damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0011-0002", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties\nThe earthquake also extended into the states of Indiana and Illinois, according to the United States Geological Survey, and a questionable report came from Carthage in Ohio that a segment of the ground, 1 acre (0.40\u00a0ha) in area, sunk by 10 feet (3.0\u00a0m), forming a perpendicular wall 10-foot (3.0\u00a0m) deep on each of its sides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0012-0000", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties\nA series of articles published by the Chicago Tribune describes the extent of the damage throughout the state of Kansas. The article \"At Kansas City\" details that the earthquake jolted homes with a sudden burst, giving off a resonating roar like thunder. The Tribune observed in its article \"At Leavenworth, Kansas\" that the earthquake was completely unexpected, describing the event as \"[...] sudden in its coming and departure.\" It confirmed that earthquakes were not common in earlier times and stated that \"all were more or less startled, and, indeed, frightened.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0013-0000", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Future threats\nAlthough Kansas is not seismically active, a strong earthquake could pose significant threats to the state. If an earthquake were to occur, it would likely be along the Nemaha Ridge, which is still active. The Humboldt Fault Zone, just off the Ridge, lies just 12 miles (19\u00a0km) east of the Tuttle Creek Reservoir near Manhattan. An earthquake there would likely destroy the dam, releasing 300,000 feet (91,440\u00a0m) of water per second and flooding the nearby area, which would threaten roughly 13,000 people and 5,900 homes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0013-0001", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Future threats\nThe United States Army Corps of Engineers concluded that a moderate earthquake \"between 5.7 and 6.6 would cause sand underneath the dam to liquefy into quicksand, causing the dam to spread out and the top to drop up to three feet.\" A large earthquake would spawn gaps, forcing water to leak and eventually cause the dam to collapse. Earthquakes that could pose a threat to the dam occur on a cycle of roughly 1,800 years. To counter this threat, the Corps of Engineers has galvanized an effort to strengthen the dam. Replacing the sand (which could shift during an earthquake) with more than 350 walls, the group has equipped the dam with sensors, which are connected to alarms that would alert nearby citizens to the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024530-0014-0000", "contents": "1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Future threats\nMore than 500 earthquakes have been measured in the state since 2013, contributing to the reactivation of ancient fault lines. In 2016, the United States Geological Survey made hazard maps for the state, determining a 1% or lower risk of a major earthquake within the next year. Because Sedgwick County and Wichita could both potentially experience shaking from earthquakes that could not be withstood according to existing building codes, officials in the area proposed changing building codes to meet perceived hazards. Scientists at the United States Geological Survey think an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0 remains possible, possibly originating from the Nemaha Ridge where the Manhattan quake was produced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024531-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Manuherikia by-election\nThe 1867 Manuherikia by-election was a by-election held on 29 November 1864 in the Manuherikia electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024531-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Manuherikia by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Baldwin on 15 February 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024531-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Manuherikia by-election\nThe by-election was contested by David Mervyn and John Jack. When Jack won the \"show of hands\" at the nomination meeting, the by-election was demanded and won by Mervyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024532-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Maryland gubernatorial election\nThe 1867 Maryland gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1867. Incumbent Governor Thomas Swann did not run for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024532-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Maryland gubernatorial election\nDemocratic Party candidate Oden Bowie defeated Republican candidate Hugh Lennox Bond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024532-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Maryland gubernatorial election\nBowie took his oath of office on January 8, 1868, but by a provision of the 1867 State Constitution, he did not actually become Governor until January 13, 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024533-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1867 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024533-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nGovernor Alexander Bullock was re-elected to a third term in office, defeating Democrat John Quincy Adams II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024533-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Results\nThere was a motion to re-nominate Bullock by acclamation, but it was rejected and withdrawn. Nonetheless, Bullock easily won on the first ballot against scattered opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 73], "content_span": [74, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024534-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 88th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1867 during the governorship of Republican Alexander Bullock. Joseph Adams Pond served as president of the Senate and James M. Stone served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024534-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Massachusetts legislature\n\"In 1867 the Republican power in the Legislature was total in the Senate, 40 Republicans out of forty seats. In the House the numbers rose to 230 Republicans as against but 10 Democrats.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024535-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Melbourne Cup\nThe 1867 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Thursday, 31 October 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024535-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Melbourne Cup\nThis year was the seventh running of the Melbourne Cup. Just like in 1866 the race saw two horses with the same name take part. Both horses were called Tim Whiffler. To avoid another mix up the horses where referred to as 'Melbourne Tim' and 'Sydney Tim'. ' Sydney Tim' was trained by Etienne De Mestre who trained Archer to win the first two Melbourne Cups. ' Sydney Tim' won the AJC Derby on route to a 2 length win as 5/2 favourite. ' Melbourne Tim' ran fifth while Exile the previous year's runner up finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024535-0001-0001", "contents": "1867 Melbourne Cup\nThe Tim Whiffler's who ran in this race are not to be confused with Tim Whiffler son of 'Sydeny Tim' who won the Great Northern Derby in New Zealand in 1881 nor an English sire also named Tim Whiffler who was brought to Australia and sired future cup winners Briseis and Darriwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024535-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Melbourne Cup\nThe race was run in October for the only time in its history. The winning time of 3:39.0 was at the time the fastest winning time in the race's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024535-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Melbourne Cup\nThis is the list of placegetters for the 1867 Melbourne Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024536-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Mexican constitutional referendum\nA referendum on constitutional reform was held in Mexico on 22 September 1867. After the execution of the Emperor Maximilian,  reinstated President Benito Ju\u00e1rez adopted a decree on 14 August 1867 that called for general elections and five constitutional reforms:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024536-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Mexican constitutional referendum\nThe referendum was held alongside general elections. The newly elected Congress opposed the growing power of the President and referred to articles 40 and 127 of the Constitution of 1857, which set up a purely representative system and gave only Congress the right to change the Constitution. In a compromise, Ju\u00e1rez was re-elected but the referendum results were not counted. Ju\u00e1rez said he had called the referendum only because of extraordinary circumstances, and the Congress was satisfied by a reprimand to the President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024537-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Mexican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Mexico in 1867. In the presidential election,  incumbent president Benito Ju\u00e1rez was re-elected with 72% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024538-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1867 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1867 to elect the governor of Minnesota. Incumbent governor William Rainey Marshall was reelected to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024539-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Mitchell colonial by-election\nThe Mitchell colonial by-election, 1867 was a by-election held on 4 January 1867 in the electoral district of Mitchell for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024539-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Mitchell colonial by-election, History\nOn 22 November 1866, Theodore Harden, the member for Mitchell, resigned. Edward Lamb won the resulting by-election on 4 January 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024540-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 New York state election\nThe 1867 New York state election was held on November 5, 1867, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, a Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioners and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024540-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on October 3 and 4 at Tweddle Hall in Albany, New York. Mayor of New York John T. Hoffman was Temporary Chairman until the choice of Ex-Governor Horatio Seymour as President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024540-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on September 25 at Syracuse, New York. James Gibson was Temporary Chairman until the choice of Roscoe Conkling as Permanent Chairman. James B. McKean was nominated for Secretary of State on the first ballot (vote: McKean 270, Francis C. Barlow [incumbent] 101, Gen. Hudson Lawrence 6). Calvin T. Hulburd was nominated for Comptroller on the first ballot (vote: Hulburd 238, Thomas Hillhouse [incumbent] 136). Theodore B. Gates was nominated for State Treasurer on the first ballot (vote: Gates 207, Alonzo B. Cornell 133, Frederick Juliand 27, Erastus S. Prosser 2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024540-0002-0001", "contents": "1867 New York state election, History\nArchibald C. Powell was nominated for State Engineer by acclamation. John M. Hammond was nominated for Canal Commissioner on the first ballot (vote: Hammond 195, Benjamin Carpenter 139, Claudius V. B. Baerst 25, D. B. Palmer 6). Gilbert De La Matyr was nominated for Prison Inspector on the first ballot (vote: De La Matyr 199, David P. Forrest [incumbent] 107, H. Chisler 43, Henry L. Robinson 15, Mortimer Wait 6). Charles Mason was nominated for Judge of the Court of Appeals on the first ballot (vote: Mason 209, Thomas A. Johnson 113). Hulburd declined to run, and Thomas Hillhouse was then substituted on the ticket by the State Committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024540-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 New York state election, Results\n17 Republicans and 15 Democrats were elected to a two-year term (1868\u201369) in the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024542-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Northern Division by-election\nThe 1867 Northern Division by-election was a by-election to the New Zealand House of Representatives, during the term of the 4th Parliament on 1 July. The Northern Division electorate was a mostly rural electorate in the northern Auckland region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024542-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Northern Division by-election\nThe by-election was triggered by the resignation of Thomas Henderson. The nomination meeting was held on 24 June at the pilot station in Devonport (Flagstaff) on the North Shore. Henry Balneavis was the returning officer. Captain Isaac Cooper (a member of the Auckland Provincial Council) and Thomas Macfarlane were the candidates put forward. Macfarlane had prominent backers, with Patrick Dignan (member of the house of representatives) and David Sheehan (member of the provincial council) proposing and seconding the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024542-0001-0001", "contents": "1867 Northern Division by-election\nCaptain Cooper was nominated by Captain Gladwyn Wynyard (the son of Auckland's first Superintendent, Robert Wynyard) and seconded by Philip Callan (a landowner, builder and publican on the North Shore). Macfarlane was Henderson's business partner. A show of hands was thirteen to six in favour of Macfarlane, with Cooper demanding a poll. The polling date was set for 1 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024542-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Northern Division by-election\nMacfarlane had very strong support at the principal polling station on the North Shore, with 124 votes to 29. Due to the rural nature of the electorate, it took a few more days for all the results to come in and the final result was released on 6 July. Macfarlane won by a large margin, similar to the margin achieved at the principal polling place, and was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024543-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Nova Scotia general election\nThe 1867 Nova Scotia general election was held on 18 September 1867 to elect members of the 24th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was the first general election in Nova Scotia after Confederation, and was won by the Anti-Confederation Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024544-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1867 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1867. Republican nominee Rutherford B. Hayes defeated Democratic nominee Allen G. Thurman with 50.31% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024545-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Ontario general election\nThe 1867 Ontario general election was the first general election held in the newly created Province of Ontario, Canada. Previously, the territory was known as Canada West, a part of the Province of Canada. The election was held on September 3, 1867, to elect the 82 members of the 1st Legislative Assembly (MLAs). The dates of the election in 1867 varied from August 20 to September 26.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024545-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Ontario general election\nThe Conservative Party, led by John Sandfield Macdonald, and the Ontario Liberal Party, led by Archibald McKellar, each won 41 seats. A coalition government was formed under the leadership of Macdonald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024545-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Ontario general election\nVotes were recorded orally. Voter eligibility was only 13% of the population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024546-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Open Championship\nThe 1867 Open Championship was the eighth Open Championship and was held on 26 September at Prestwick Golf Club. Tom Morris, Sr. won the championship for the fourth time, by two shots from Willie Park, Sr. Tom Morris, Sr. was 46 years old and remains the oldest Open Championship winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024546-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Open Championship\nFor the first time, an amateur, William Doleman, led after a first round of 55, a stroke ahead of Robert Andrew. Doleman had a second round 66 and dropped out of contention. Tom Morris, after a round of 54, went into the lead with Willie Park and Robert Andrew two shots behind. Andrew had a final round of 65 to drop him out of the prize money. Andrew Strath had the best final round of 56 to finish third, while young Tom Morris finished with prize money for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024547-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Orange colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Orange on 3 July 1867 because William Forlonge was insolvent and resigned his seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024548-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Parnell by-election\nThe 1867 Parnell by-election was a by-election held on 5 June 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Auckland electorate of Parnell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024548-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Parnell by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Frederick Whitaker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024548-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Parnell by-election\nThe by-election was won by Charles Heaphy. Major Heaphy (VC) was unopposed, and hence was then declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024549-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Pensioner Settlements by-election\nThe 1867 Pensioner Settlements by-election was a by-election held in the multi-member then single member Pensioner Settlements electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament, on 5 August 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024549-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Pensioner Settlements by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP Paul Frederick de Quincey on 1 July 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024549-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Pensioner Settlements by-election\nKerr was declared duly elected as the only eligible candidate, as Mr J. J. Jackson's name was not on the current electoral roll (though he was registered for next year). Jackson had been proposed by Hugh McNeil and seconded by John Lord.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024550-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Picton by-election\nThe 1867 Picton by-election was a by-election held on 25 July 1867 in the Picton electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024550-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Picton by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Arthur Beauchamp on 12 July 1867. He had been elected on 14 March 1866 (see 1866 New Zealand general election), but did not have the private income then required to be a parliamentarian.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024550-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Picton by-election\nThe by-election was won by William Adams. As no other candidates were nominated, he was declared duly elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024551-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Port Chalmers by-election\nThe 1867 Port Chalmers by-election was a by-election held on 15 June 1867 in the Port Chalmers electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024551-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Port Chalmers by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death on 11 February of the incumbent MP Thomas Dick. The by-election was won by David Forsyth Main.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024551-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Port Chalmers by-election, Results\nThe following table gives the election result, which was contested by five candidates, although Main and Captain Malcolm were the only serious contenders:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election\nThe 1867 Quebec general election was held in August and September 1867 to elect members of the First Legislature for the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Quebec Conservative Party, led by Premier Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, defeated the Quebec Liberal Party led by Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbini\u00e8re.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Creation of Quebec\nThe province of Quebec was created on July 1, 1867, with the proclamation of the British North America Act, 1867. That Act united the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick into Canada. The Province of Canada was split into two provinces, with Canada East (formerly Lower Canada) becoming the new province of Quebec. The Legislature of Quebec was composed of the Lieutenant Governor, representing the Queen;  the elected Legislative Assembly, with sixty-five seats;  and the appointed Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Creation of Quebec\nBecause the old Province of Canada was dissolved on July 1, 1867, the former government ceased to exist, with no formal provisions for the creation of the government of Quebec. The first prime minister of Canada, Sir John A. Macdonald, had planned to have the experienced Quebec politician, Joseph-\u00c9douard Cauchon, appointed as the first premier. However, the proposal met strong opposition from Montreal anglophones, based on Cauchon's position on public and religious schools, which was a major political issue at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0002-0001", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Creation of Quebec\nAs a compromise candidate, the Quebec Conservatives proposed Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, who had political experience in the Province of Canada but had been out of electoral politics for twelve years. Chauveau was generally acceptable to Quebec Conservatives, and on July 15, 1867, the Lieutenant Governor appointed him as the first premier of Quebec.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Right to vote\nThe right to vote in elections to the Legislative Assembly was not universal. Only male British subjects (by birth or naturalisation), aged 21 and older, were eligible to vote, and only if they met a property qualification. For residents of cities and towns, the qualification was being the owner, tenant or occupant of real property assessed at three hundred dollars, or at an assessed yearly value of thirty dollars. For residents of townships and parishes, the requirements were either an assessment of two hundred dollars, or an assessed yearly value of twenty dollars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0004-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Right to vote\nWomen were expressly prohibited from voting, \"for any Electoral Division whatever\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0005-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Right to vote\nJudges and many municipal and provincial officials were also barred from voting, particularly officials with duties relating to public revenue. Election officials were also barred from voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0006-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Qualification for the Legislative Assembly\nCandidates for the Legislative Assembly had to meet a significant property qualification. A candidate had to own real property in the Province of Canada, worth at least \u00a3500 in British sterling, over and above any encumbrances on the property.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 97], "content_span": [98, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0007-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Party structure\nChauveau appointed the first Cabinet, and then called the first general election for Quebec. Chauveau had been a member of the Parti Bleu when he was a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, and the Bleus were transitioning into the new Conservative party of Quebec. The Bleus had been well-organised under the leadership of George-\u00c9tienne Cartier, and the new Conservative party inherited that structure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 45], "content_span": [46, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0008-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Party structure\nOn the other hand, the liberals in the new province were not well-organised. The old Parti Rouge had opposed the confederation project, and had tended to split on that issue. Transitioning into the Liberal Party of Quebec, they did not have a strong party structure going into the election. They did not field a complete slate of candidates, and did not even have a leader, as many of their influential leaders had opted for federal politics and were now in Ottawa. Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbini\u00e8re was the informal leader of the Liberals, because of his political experience in the former Province of Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 45], "content_span": [46, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0009-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Electoral map\nThe Legislative Assembly was composed of sixty-five single-member constituencies or \"ridings\". The 1867 election was conducted under the pre-Confederation electoral map of the former Province of Canada. That map had set the boundaries for the sixty-five constituencies of Canada East, which became Quebec. The British North America Act, 1867 provided that the pre-Confederation electoral map would continue to be used for Quebec elections until altered by the Legislature of Quebec. The map of the sixty-five constituencies was also to be used in federal elections, until altered by Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 43], "content_span": [44, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0010-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election\nThe 1867 election was conducted under the election laws of the Province of Canada, which had been continued until altered by the Legislature of Quebec. The electoral process of the Province of Canada in turn had been based on the traditional British electoral process, without a secret ballot. Instead, elections were public affairs, with each voter publicly stating the name of the candidate they voted for.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0011-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election\nThe election process began with writs of election issued by the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, one for each constituency (also called a \"riding\"). The writ was directed to the Returning Officer for each constituency and required the Returning Officer to hold a public nomination of candidates, and if necessary a poll, on days to be chosen by the Returning Officer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0012-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election\nOn the nomination day, the Returning Officer held a public meeting \"in the open air\", at a central place in the constituency, and in a place where the public had access, such as in front of a town hall or church in the constituency. The Returning Officer addressed the assembled members of the public from a platform, called a \"husting\", and called for nominations. If only one person was nominated, the Returning Officer would close the nominations and declare that person elected. If more than one person was nominated, the Returning Officer would grant a poll, to be held at a future date, chosen by the Returning Officer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0013-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election\nOn polling day, polls would be held across the constituency. The polls were in held in the open air, or in buildings close to the highways, with free access by the public. It was prohibited to hold a poll in a \"tavern or place of public entertainment\". The Returning Officer would appoint a Deputy Returning Officer for each polling place, normally the town clerk or other municipal official. Each Deputy Returning Officer would have a poll book. Qualified voters would appear before the Deputy Returning Officer and declare how they voted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0013-0001", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election\nThe Deputy Returning Officer would record each voter's vote in the poll book. At the close of the polls, the Deputy Returning Officers would deliver the poll books to the Returning Officer. The Returning Officer would then total all of the polls in public, at the place where the nominations had occurred, declare which candidate was elected, and issue a proclamation declaring the election closed. The Returning Officer would then send a report of the election with the return of the writ to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, within fifteen days after the closing of the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0014-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election\nThe elections for the sixty-five provincial constituencies were not all conducted on the same day. The writs of election for each constituency gave the Returning Officer the discretion to set the original nomination day, and the subsequent date for the polling, if more than one candidate were nominated. The 1867 election was spread across the months of August and September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0015-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election\nOne unusual event in the 1867 elections was that the constituency of Kamouraska did not return a member. On nomination day, a riot broke out and the Returning Officer had to seek refuge from the rioters. No nominations were received and no polling date was set. Kamouraska did not have a member in the Legislative Assembly until after a by-election was successfully held in 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0016-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Results\nThe result of the election was a Conservative victory. The Conservatives were maintained in office with a strong majority. The Liberals won only twelve seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024552-0017-0000", "contents": "1867 Quebec general election, Results\nFollowing the election, the Chauveau government appointed the twenty-four members of the Legislative Council. The result was a Council with a very strong Conservative majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024553-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Queensland colonial election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Queensland between 18 June 1867 and 19 July 1867 to elect the members of the state's Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024553-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Queensland colonial election, Key dates\nDue to problems of distance and communications, it was not possible to hold the elections on a single day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024554-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Raglan by-election\nThe 1867 Raglan by-election was a by-election held on 4 June 1887 in the Raglan electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024554-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Raglan by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Joseph Newman on 9 April 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024555-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Rockhampton colonial by-election\nThe Rockhampton colonial by-election, 1867 was a by-election held on 27 July 1867 in the electoral district of Rockhampton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024555-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Rockhampton colonial by-election, History\nAt the 1867 general election, Thomas Henry Fitzgerald stood as a candidate two seats: Rockhampton and Kennedy. Having won Rockhampton on 27 June, he decided that he would prefer to try to win in Kennedy on 19 July and so immediately resigned Rockhampton. Archibald Archer was returned unopposed in the by-election in Rockhampton on 27 July 1867. (Fitzgerald was successful in winning Kennedy on 19 July 1867.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Romania in December 1867 (New Style: December 1867 \u2013 January 1868), and were won by a coalition of liberal-and-radical groups, or \"Concordia Agreement\", formed around incumbent Prime Minister \u0218tefan Golescu. Concordia brought together the left-leaning \"Reds\", the Free and Independent Faction, and a moderate liberal section under Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu. The latter split the moderate vote, ensuring defeat for the opposition led by Ion Ghica, which came in third, after the conservative \"Whites\". The reconfiguration made the country more governable, at a time of financial crisis and riotous disputes over the issue of Jewish emancipation. Controversially, Concordia sought to win over and appease antisemitic voters, although it was itself divided between more and less pliable antisemites.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 852]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election\nThe elections for the Assembly are often described as fraudulent, with the main culprit being Golescu's Interior Minister, Ion Br\u0103tianu; in the Senate race, the accusations of fraud were reciprocal. Despite the liberal sweep, \"Reds\" suffered significant defeats, for instance in Ilfov County, where their candidate Nicolae Haralambie failed to win against Dimitrie Ghica. The national campaign was also steeped in violence, with antisemitic riots in Tutova (following the mysterious death of electee Scarlat V\u00e2rnav) and Ialomi\u021ba County. A far-reaching dispute involved the results in Prahova, where Concordia allegedly used military force to ensure its victory. Disputes over the validation of deputies and senators, including Manolache Costache Epureanu, Petru Gr\u0103di\u0219teanu and Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, continued into the early months of 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 875]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election\nAlthough victorious, Concordia was eventually brought down by the Factionalists, once Br\u0103tianu shunned their violent antisemitism. Reformed by General Nicolae Golescu, who succeeded his brother as Prime Minister, the \"Reds\" still secured a win in the Senate elections of July 1868. Eventually, however, they lost favor with Domnitor Carol I. The liberal ascendancy ended during the general election of March 1869, which placed the country under a \"White\" government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Context\nIn February 1866, Romania (as the United Principalities had been designated since 1864) was governed by a \"monstrous coalition\" of \"Reds\", \"Whites\" and moderates, chaired by Ion Ghica. Created by a coup which toppled the authoritarian Domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza, it supervised the April elections\u2014under the preordained assumption that Assembly seats would be evenly split between the \"right\" and the \"left\". The Central Electoral Committee, presided upon by the radical doctrinaire C. A. Rosetti, attempted fraud in various regions (including Prahova County); however, the resulting Assembly was overall dominated by the \"Whites\". At the time, separatism and Cuza loyalism flared up in Western Moldavia, where a riot\u2014instigated by Calinic Miclescu, Nicu Ceaur-Aslan, Teodor Boldur-L\u0103\u021bescu, and Constantin Moruzi Pecheanu\u2014was quelled by the Romanian Land Forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 903]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0004-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Context\nIn a parallel plebiscite, Romanians overwhelmingly voted to recognize Carol of Hohenzollern, a German prince, as their new hereditary Domnitor. The regime also instituted Parliament's upper chamber, by reestablishing Cuza's Romanian Senate. Ghica was reconfirmed as Prime Minister, his government claiming to be \"neither right- nor left-wing\". His position was weakened by swing deputies and separatist nostalgia, and also by other hurdles: a financial crisis (which had the state borrowing from private bankers), a cholera outbreak, and a localized famine. Moreover, major disputes raged over constitutional details.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0004-0001", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Context\nOne point of contention was the status of Romanian Jews, with various \"Reds\" and Moldavians emerging as the core opponents of emancipation and advocates of \"ethnic protectionism\". Therefore, in its final form, the Constitution of July only granted citizenship to Christians, thus reverting a more tolerant Civil Code proclaimed under Cuza.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0005-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Context\nThere were repeat elections in November, producing a multicolored Assembly, ridiculed in liberal circles as a \"tutti frutti\" legislature. According to one count of Assembly seats, the radicals shared about 40 seats with their Moldavian allies, or \"Free and Independent Faction\"; there was a conservative majority of approximately 60 seats, but segmented into competing blocs; Ghica's moderate liberals could only count on some 20 deputies. Another count suggests that Ghica was backed by one third of the Assembly, while the liberals, as the loyal opposition, had another third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0005-0001", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Context\nThose who rejected the system, be they Cuza loyalists or Moldavian separatists, shared between them the remainder. Overall, \"there were great clashes of vision between the Assembly majority and the cabinet, as well as between the minority and the cabinet.\" The election was criticized from the liberal left as fraudulent in favor of the conservatives and moderates, but other contemporaries generally view it as free and fair. Over the next months, however, disputes blocked the validation of various deputies, contributing to the uncertainty of governance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0006-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Context\nIn March 1867 the radicals were able to seal the Concordia Agreement, allying them with the Free and Independent Faction, chaired by Nicolae Ionescu, and a group of moderate liberals under Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu (who commended the allegiance of 25 deputies). Tacitly endorsed by Domnitor Carol, this new coalition was backed by a plurality of Assembly members, eventually pushing Ghica to resign. His \"Red\" replacement, Constantin A. Cre\u021bulescu, was nominally a moderate, but the Minister of Internal Affairs, Ion Br\u0103tianu, was a \"Red\" doctrinaire and power-broker, sometimes described as the cabinet's true leader. Possibly pressured by his conditional allies, the antisemitic Factionalists, he also pushed orders to evict Jewish \"vagabonds\" from the countryside, which sparked an international scandal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0007-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Context\nBy late May, Br\u0103tianu had to deal with \"White\" defiance, manifested when senator Petre Mavrogheni of Ia\u0219i County handed in his resignation. Electors refused to turn up, and sent him a letter expressing contempt that he even organized a scrutiny. The radicalism of government officials was also fomenting an international crisis, once it became apparent that Br\u0103tianu was backing the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee (BRCK) against the Ottoman Empire\u2014which was still Romania's suzerain power. In April, when Panayot Hitov led a BRCK guerrilla force into the Danube Vilayet at Olteni\u021ba, the Ottomans began openly calling for Cre\u021bulescu to step down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0007-0001", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Context\nThe Jewish evictions were especially unpopular within the French Empire, to which the liberals looked for guidance, and soon Br\u0103tianu's \"demagoguery\" was castigated by his allies, including \u0218tefan Golescu and Dimitrie Sturdza. The latter sought to have Br\u0103tianu removed by switching to Ghica's party, and eventually prompted his adversary to resign in July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0008-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Context\nDuring the parliamentary break, Br\u0103tianu's resignation continued to undermine political stability. In July, Factionalists Ceaur-Aslan and Nicolae Iamandi, alongside Grigore Sturdza, published an appeal for the establishment of a regional Moldavian caucus that would defy \"Red\" centralism (other signatories included Grigore Bal\u0219, Panait Bal\u0219, Grigore V\u00e2rnav, and Colonel Pavlov). This initiative was rejected by Cre\u021bulescu and Br\u0103tianu, who noted that it infringed on the Constitution. Faced with the crumbling of his alliances, Cre\u021bulescu ultimately resigned in August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0008-0001", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Context\nCuza loyalist Ion Emanuel Florescu was excited by this opportunity, writing to the exiled former Domnitor that anarchy would result in a regime change. Instead, liberal-radicals formed a new governing coalition, which required them to encourage a maximalist version of Romanian nationalism, supporting \"Greater Romania\" or \"Dacia\"\u2014namely, the incorporation of Transylvania and other Romanian-inhabited territories of Austria-Hungary. The cause was advanced by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu and Alexandru Candiano-Popescu, who put out the political newspaper Perseveren\u021ba. In summer 1867, traveled across Transylvania to \"assess the conditions for a probable insurrection.\" Hasdeu viewed himself as a future \"Red\" minister, noting in 1871 that the \"Dacian ideal\" was being more openly promoted by that party by 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 850]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0009-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Context\nIn October, Golescu officially took over as Prime Minister, and Br\u0103tianu was able to regain influence, eventually resuming his position at Internal Affairs. After filibustering by the \"White\" deputy Manolache Costache Epureanu, Golescu agreed to dissolve the Assembly and called in new elections, noting that the slim majority he had could not support a government in the long run. According to researcher Constantin Gane, Br\u0103tianu had actually wanted, and worked for, early elections. \"The liberal party\", he argues, \"wanted a Chamber of its own, one that had eluded its grasp for six years, ever since 1862\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0009-0001", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Context\nGolescu's message was followed on November 29 by Br\u0103tianu's circular letter to the prefects, carried in Monitorul Oficial. Claiming that government had put up no candidates of its own, it asked functionaries to exercise a \"moral influence\" over the electorate, to produce a result in accordance with the national interest\u2014generally seen as code for an election fraud through intimidation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0010-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Campaign and results, Early rounds\nThe election was the second one in history to be held under the census suffrage (and weighted voting) law of July 1866, with a two-round system where simple majorities were not decided in one session. The First College comprised voters who owned more than 300 ducats in property, and the Second included those who declared 100\u2013300 ducats; they each elected 33 deputies with direct elections. The Third College corresponded roughly to a \"third estate\", specifically designed for urban constituencies, directly electing 58 deputies in proportion to the respective town population. A Fourth College, representing taxpayers not comprised in the other categories, designated 33 of the total 157 deputies through electors. In 1866\u20131867, there was a 1:50 ratio of electors to registered voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 854]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0011-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Campaign and results, Early rounds\nIn the Assembly, where the main rounds took place on December 22\u201326 (Old Style: December 10\u201314), the results were a landslide win for Concordia: Concordia men had 85 seats between them. In particular, the election was a victory for \"Red\" hardliners, including Rosetti and Eugeniu Carada (elected in Ilfov's Third and Fourth College, respectively; Carada had 536 votes to 17), but also Gogu Cantacuzino (in Prahova's Fourth College, 550 votes to 9) and Perseveren\u021ba's Candiano-Popescu (in Cahul's Fourth College, with 79 votes to 5).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0011-0001", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Campaign and results, Early rounds\nIn Prahova, where liberals were especially strong and well-organized, the liberal ascendancy was complete, with all seats going to \"Reds\": Anton I. Arion, industrialist Matache Nicolau, and Ploie\u0219ti mayor Constantin T. Grigorescu were also returned by the Third College, as was Corneliu Lapati by the Second. A \"total triumph\" for both houses of Parliament was also boasted by the liberal chapter of Arge\u0219 County, where George T. Br\u0103tianu and Constantin Hurmuzachi were sent to the Assembly. In some locations, the contest was said to have been mired in dubious practices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0011-0002", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Campaign and results, Early rounds\nOne such case was the Fourth College of Vla\u0219ca, where the \"Red\" Grigore Serrurie faced the incumbent, Cezar Bolliac. Rumors recorded by Ghimpele suggest that Bolliac was treating peasant voters to bagels and shots of \u021buic\u0103; in addition, both candidates were alleged to have used ballot stuffing, with the final tallies showing more votes than there were registered voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0012-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Campaign and results, Early rounds\nA complete \"Red\" victory was rendered impossible by several contributing factors, including Factionalist independence. According to one approximation by Ghimpele magazine, the Free and Independent Faction had 14 of the majority deputies: Ionescu, Anastasie F\u0103tu, Alexandru Gheorghiu, Alecu D. Holban, Theodor Late\u0219, Dimitrie Tacu, Nicolae Voinov, Ianache Lecca, Dumitru Lupa\u0219cu, Ioan Negur\u0103, Mantu Rufu, Petre Suciu, I. Strejescu, and Dumitru \u021aanu Vidra\u0219cu. Three other winning candidates on the Tutova County list were a local \"National Liberal Party\", allied with the Faction. Ghimpele viewed the Faction as distinct from either the left, right, or center of the resulting legislature, a party \"with only captains, and no footmen.\" The Factionalist newspaper Dreptatea celebrated a complete victory in the indirect election for Ia\u0219i County's Fourth College\u2014with \"27 democrat delegates\" elected, against just 2 \"reactionaries\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 995]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0013-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Campaign and results, Early rounds\nThe topic of government interference was at the heart of a polemic in Ilfov. Here, the conservative paper \u021a\u00e9rra presented evidence that policemen and firefighters had stormed into the Athenaeum Society polling station to harass \"White\" voters. This account was disputed by the \"Red\" editors of Romanulu, who noted that the authorities had only stepped in to curb vote-buying by conservative electioneers. Nationally, Concordia experienced some major defeats: in the First College of Ilfov, government presented Nicolae Haralambie as a \"National Party\" candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0013-0001", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Campaign and results, Early rounds\nHe lost to the \"White\" leader Dimitrie Ghica, who took 94 votes (more than the absolute majority of 89); Haralambie had 67 votes, and a third-party candidate, Constantin Bosianu, only 15. Similarly, the First College of Vaslui County propelled into office a debuting \"White\", Petre P. Carp, who was just organizing the party chapter in Moldavia, In D\u00e2mbovi\u021ba, opposition candidates Ienache V\u0103c\u0103rescu and Isaia Lerescu also won seats, but, according to Romanulu, both of them were unduly favored by the electoral commission. Overall, 34 deputies were conservative \"Whites\", and 30 more were moderates, with 8 more elected as independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0014-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Campaign and results, Early rounds\nThe following is a list of Assembly election results as tabulated on December 31 (Old Style: December 19):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0015-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Campaign and results, Senate race\nIn the race for Senate, which took place on December 30 \u2013 January 3 (Old Style: December 18\u201322), the \"Reds\" faced significant difficulties. The liberal press aired allegations of fraud by the \"Whites\": in Olt County, a delegation of electors, including Ioan C\u0103pit\u0103nescu, refused to cast their vote, as a sign of protest. A separate scandal took hold in the largely non-Romanian constituency of Bolgrad, where Aristid Pascal, the eventual winner, published manifestos addressing Bessarabian Bulgarians in their native tongue. Another controversy involved Romanulu, which published archive documents from the 1850s. These purportedly showed that Ioan Manu and Constantin N. Br\u0103iloiu, both of whom ran for Senate as \"Whites\", had plotted a violent clampdown against liberal activists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0016-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Campaign and results, Senate race\nThe votes for Senate were still counted, and in some instances still cast, during January. By January 5, ballotage in the Second Senatorial College awarded mandates to Nicolae Cre\u021bulescu (for Ismail), Emil Casimir (Baia), Ion Pastia (Putna), and Iorgu Scor\u021bescu (Roman); Factionalist leader Ionescu was senator for the University of Ia\u0219i, and Alexandru Or\u0103scu represented the one in Bucharest. Bishop Filaret Scriban, who had initially refrained from running (only urging his fellow Factionalists to elect \"good Christians and good patriots\"), ended up being voted in as a senator, both in Ia\u0219i and Boto\u0219ani Counties. In Bucharest, Haralambie also presented himself as a candidate in the senatorial race for the Second College, which was only held on January 8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 827]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0017-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Campaign and results, Senate race\nOverall, in the upper chamber, the \"Reds\" lost to a thin majority formed by Ion Ghica's moderates and \"White\" conservatives. Incomplete lists for the separate precincts and two colleges of Senate appeared in the press, as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0018-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Validation disputes\nParliament was eventually reopened on January 15 (Old Style: January 3), with Gheorghe Enescu as de facto Assembly President. Ailing, the later relinquished office, and was replaced by General Nicolae Golescu (\u0218tefan's brother). Although his own \"Red\" subgroup was by then dominant in the lower house, Br\u0103tianu allowed a Moldavian Factionalist, Anastasie F\u0103tu, to replace President Golescu by January 27. Senate also resumed proceedings on January 20, and, on January 24, reelected Nifon Rusail\u0103 as its Chairman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0019-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Validation disputes\nBy then, those who had their mandates confirmed were left to assess reports demanding the invalidation of other deputies and senators. Some, such as Candiano-Popescu, were very soon validated and able to take their seats; although elected for Senate, Haralambie soon gave up, after revelations that he was not of the legal age to run. Bishop Filaret, contested for legal reasons because he had been a monk, was nevertheless also accepted by Senate. Kog\u0103lniceanu's ally Ion Emanuel Florescu was surprisingly removed from his seat following a vote by his lower-chamber colleagues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0020-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Validation disputes\nLong conflicts ensued over the early opening of ballot boxes in various precincts. Some, including Alexandru V\u0103sescu and Theodor Late\u0219, were confirmed regardless of this procedural objection. Another contentious case was litigated by Bolliac, who had lost Serrurie but still demanded to be recognized as a deputy, and had to be evicted from the Assembly; meanwhile, \"Red\" senator Anton Gugiu was confirmed by his peers in a special vote. According to Ghimpele, Bolliac was denied an opportunity to defend himself from the parliamentary rostrum, despite submitting thirty requests. Deputies voted 62 to 42 not to recognize his claim, but agreed to send in an investigative commission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0021-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Validation disputes\nAnother controversy erupted in Tutova County, where, on February 5, virtually all elections were still undecided. The \"White\" candidate for First College, Manolache Costache Epureanu, asked to be recognized as the winner, but the \"Red\" majority called fraud, and the seat was left vacant. His ouster was welcomed by Ghimpele as a defeat for the philosemitic camp, with Epureanu mockingly referred to as a \"great rabbi of Moldavia\". A related issue was that of Factionalist Scarlat V\u00e2rnav: elected as a Fourth-College deputy, he had died in suspicious circumstances\u2014allegedly poisoned by his Jewish adversaries. While a toxicological investigation was undertaken in Bucharest, at B\u00e2rlad the matter sparked riots, attributed by \"Reds\" to a Jewish provocation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0022-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Validation disputes\nIn Prahova, \"White\" bosses Theodor C. V\u0103c\u0103rescu and \u0218tefan Greceanu produced reports and telegrams alleging widespread intimidation by infantry troops and the police, including beatings and arbitrary arrests of opposition mayors and electoral agents; V\u0103c\u0103rescu also refused to sign the proc\u00e8s-verbal validating Prahova's vote count, and urged the Assembly not to validate Gogu Cantacuzino's mandate. However, he himself was being brought to trial by the local prefect, Andrei Dertman, who alleged that V\u0103c\u0103rescu had colluded with the mayor of Pope\u0219ti to get himself fraudulently nominated as a Fourth-College elector.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0022-0001", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Validation disputes\nCantacuzino was finally confirmed on January 21, when the Assembly concluded that Th. C. V\u0103c\u0103rescu's accusations were not certified by an electors' petition, as required by law. A petition signed by 21 Prahova electors was nevertheless registered on the same day. It blamed the local police chief, Stan Popescu, and \"all police agents and footmen, the nightwatchmen, the subprefects with their assistants and the town-hall clerks\", of conspiring to \"reject and mistreat\" known conservative voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0022-0002", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Validation disputes\nThe controversy continued in a more subdued form when deputies of the opposition, including D. Ghica and George D. Vernescu, alongside G. T. Br\u0103tianu, asked for an inquiry into the Prahova affair. Local prosecutors refused to assess the case, dismissing the petition as an attempt to filibuster in the Assembly, while some petitioners backed this by withdrawing their signatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0023-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Validation disputes\nIn Ialomi\u021ba County, accusations of about blood libel, issued against the local Jews, were quickly dismissed by pathologists, and publicly refuted by the liberal press. Here, the disputed place of deputy in the Second College was eventually awarded to Petru Gr\u0103di\u0219teanu by Assembly vote. Procedural controversies still surrounded Ionache V\u0103c\u0103rescu, who was considered elected, by a slim margin, only after the voters' census was updated, and Tache Moscu, whose narrow win was contested by those who argued that a deciding write-in ballot was meant for his brother, Costache.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0023-0001", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Validation disputes\nOther disputes regarded the validation of two deputies whose Romanian citizenship was questioned: Constantin Niculescu Catia (or C\u00e2\u021b\u0103) and Procopie S. Sgrumalla. Hasdeu's election was also contested by emissaries from the Lipovans and Greeks of Bolgrad\u2014their petition was denied by the Assembly, since they had failed to write it in Romanian. The Senate seats of Covurlui remained contested until another race in spring, when Costache Negri became Second College senator (he resigned shortly after).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0024-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Aftermath\nBr\u0103tianu's claim that the election had not been fixed, and that government had \"no official candidates\", was endorsed by accounts in the contemporary press\u2014local and liberal (Rom\u00e2nul) as well as Western (La France, Le Si\u00e8cle). Overall, the election was validated: in his address to the Assembly, Domnitor Carol congratulated government on running an orderly vote, and arguing that elections had been free, \"only moderated by the people's own common sense.\" Kog\u0103lniceanu also reaffirmed his party's adherence to the \"Red\" party line, praising Br\u0103tianu for having \"transformed the country\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0024-0001", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Aftermath\nHowever, Parliament continued to host debilitating disputes, including over allegations that Golescu had sponsored \"Bulgarian bands\" of the BRCK to start a revolution in Danube Vilayet, as well as over the functioning of the Court of Cassation. The former accusation, which focused suspicions on the Perseveren\u021ba group, led to Romania being threatened with an international commission of inquiry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0025-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Aftermath\nSlowly, a right-wing opposition was consolidating, revitalized by Carp and by Alexandru Lahovary, seen by Gane as \"the two Benjamins of conservative politics\". Antisemitism soon returned as the core issue, when, in Britain, the Earl of Derby cabinet analyzed reports that Romanian Jews were persecuted and prevented from even practicing their religion. The claim was taken up in Romania by Carp, but categorically denied by Br\u0103tianu. Government's relationship with the Factionalists was soon put the test when, on March 17, the latter introduced a harshly antisemitic bill, which was ultimately rejected by the mainstream \"Reds\". Asked by the Prime Minister not to voice his dissidence, Br\u0103tianu restated his ethnic nationalism, but agreed that any such xenophobic excess would ruin Romania's fragile relationship with the West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 870]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0026-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Aftermath\nThis change of attitudes alienated the Faction, and smaller riots erupted in Moldavia, this time specifically targeting both the Jews and Prime Minister Golescu. On April 23, the latter resigned, officially for health reasons, and was replaced by his brother, General Golescu, who took an even more moderate position on the \"Jewish Question\". Although faced with a motion of no confidence in Senate (where an alliance of Factionalists and \"Whites\" was formed), he and Br\u0103tianu were able to maintain their hold on power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0026-0001", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Aftermath\nTheir political survival was especially disappointing for a conservative hopeful, the Dolj deputy George Barbu \u0218tirbei, who missed his opportunity to become Prime Minister, and left on self-imposed exile. Reportedly, his candidacy was rejected by Carol's father, the Prince Hohenzollern, who feared that \u0218tirbei would use his status to usurp the Romanian throne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0027-0000", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Aftermath\nAs noted by historian Silvia Marton, \"the words 'moral influence' were destined to have an enviable presence in posterity.\" Br\u0103tianu unwittingly coined a euphemism for \"the systematic government pressure that will characterize the [electoral] regime at the very least until World War I.\" Gane also notes that the practice of \"restricting voters\" only had one precedent (the Moldavian elections of July 1857), but that, after 1867, it \"made a name for itself\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024556-0027-0001", "contents": "1867 Romanian general election, Aftermath\nDuring similarly organized elections in late July, the conservatives also lost the Senate, ensuring that \"Reds\" completely dominated Parliament to March 1869, when the \"White\" party returned in a landslide of its own. The sudden fall of radicalism, the loss of favor with Domnitor Carol, and the breakup of Concordia pushed Br\u0103tianu and Candiano-Popescu into conspiratorial politics\u2014leading to the rebellious episode known as \"Republic of Ploie\u0219ti\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024557-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 San Narciso hurricane\nThe San Narciso Hurricane was the ninth and last known hurricane of the 1867 Atlantic hurricane season. Forming late in the month of October, the hurricane, the costliest and deadliest storm of the 1867 Atlantic hurricane season, caused at least 811 deaths in Saint Thomas (Danish West Indies) and Captaincy General of Puerto Rico and at least $1 million (1867 USD) in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024557-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 San Narciso hurricane, Meteorological history\nOn or before 27 October 1867, a tropical storm developed east of the northern Lesser Antilles, and the mail steamer Principe Alfonso skillfully avoided the storm on that day. This tropical storm moved westward or west-southwestward, intensifying into a hurricane on or before 28 October 1867. Intensifying into a major hurricane on 29 October, this tempest hit Sombrero, Anguilla. The northeasterly or northerly wind intensified from 1 am through 6 am; after 8 am, a barometric pressure of 28.65 inches of mercury (97.0\u00a0kPa) accompanied a half-hour of relative calm. The wind then shifted to a violent easterly until 11 am and then diminished through 1 pm. The hurricane reached its peak intensity of 110 knots (130\u00a0mph; 200\u00a0km/h) at 1200 UTC near the island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 810]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024557-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 San Narciso hurricane, Meteorological history\nFrom 1:30 pm to 2:00 pm, its eye passed over Sankt Thomas, Danish West Indies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024557-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 San Narciso hurricane, Meteorological history\nThe hurricane weakened slightly before reaching Captaincy General of Puerto Rico later on 29 October, the memorial of Saint Narcissus of Jerusalem; following the Puerto Rican convention of naming hurricanes after the saint of the day on which a hurricane strikes the island, the storm acquired the name San Narciso. The hurricane made landfall in Puerto Rico, and its winds decreased further over the island. Despite its small size, it ranks among the most intense hurricanes recorded on the island. It passed near the city of Fajardo, between 5 pm and 6 pm and later passed near Caguas. People sensed tremors in the towns of Humacao, Luquillo, and Pe\u00f1uelas. The storm affected all of the towns in the island of Puerto Rico. San Narciso hit the island of Hispaniola on 30 October 1867. The storm probably dissipated that day over the high mountains of the island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 914]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024557-0004-0000", "contents": "1867 San Narciso hurricane, Impact\nThe hurricane caused at least 811 deaths in total: 600 in Sankt Thomas (Danish West Indies - now Saint Thomas, the United States Virgin Islands) and 211 on Puerto Rico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024557-0005-0000", "contents": "1867 San Narciso hurricane, Impact\nOn Tortola (British Virgin Islands), the storm reached its peak fury from noon to 2 pm and blew down one-third of the \"miserable tenements.\" Deaths numbered 22 at Road Town, 2 on Peter Island, and 2 on Westland (now Soper's Hole).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024557-0006-0000", "contents": "1867 San Narciso hurricane, Impact\nOn Saint Thomas, the hurricane drove ashore or otherwise wrecked 80 ships including the RMS\u00a0Rhone and the barometric pressure reached 28.50 inches of mercury (96.5\u00a0kPa) with winds of 74 miles per hour (119\u00a0km/h); about 600 people drowned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024557-0007-0000", "contents": "1867 San Narciso hurricane, Impact\nIt caused 211 deaths in Puerto Rico, and the damages were calculated at 13 million Spanish escudos. The hurricane ruined agriculture of the island of Puerto Rico, causing a great economic crisis. The hurricane and various other factors contributed to the discontent on the island that erupted into the Grito de Lares of 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024557-0008-0000", "contents": "1867 San Narciso hurricane, Impact\nIt almost destroyed the city of Santo Domingo de Guzm\u00e1n, Dominican Republic, where 200 persons died on that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024558-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Town of New Plymouth by-election\nThe 1867 Town of New Plymouth by-election was a by-election held  on 29 April 1867 in the Town of New Plymouth electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024558-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Town of New Plymouth by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, John Richardson on 16 March 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024558-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Town of New Plymouth by-election\nAtkinson was the only nomination, so was declared elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024559-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1867 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred on September 6, 1867 for the 40th Congress. The Democrats gained two districts from the Republicans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024560-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 United States Senate election in New York\nThe 1867 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 15, 1867, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 3) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate. Incumbent Senator Ira Harris was not renominated for a second term in office. U.S. Representative Roscoe Conkling was elected to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024560-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 United States Senate election in New York\nWith large Republican majorities in both houses of the Legislature, the real contest was for Republican Party support, which was determined in a joint caucus of Senate and Assembly Republicans. A three-way race between Harris, Conkling, and Judge Noah Davis eventually gave way to a two-way contest between Conkling and Davis, with Conkling prevailing on the fifth ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024560-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nRepublican Ira Harris had been elected in February 1861 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024560-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nAt the State election in November 1865, 27 Republicans and 5 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1866-1867) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1866, 82 Republicans and 46 Democrats were elected for the session of 1867 to the Assembly. The 90th State Legislature met from January 1 to April 20, 1867, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024560-0004-0000", "contents": "1867 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus\nThe caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 10, State Senator Charles J. Folger presided. State Senator Thomas Parsons (28th D.) was absent, but had his vote cast by proxy. They nominated Congressman Roscoe Conkling for the U.S. Senate. The incumbent Senator Ira Harris was voted down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024560-0005-0000", "contents": "1867 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Democratic caucus\nThe caucus of the Democratic State legislators met also on January 10. State Senator Henry C. Murphy was nominated on the first ballot with 25 votes against 21 for Ex-D.A. of New York A. Oakey Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024560-0006-0000", "contents": "1867 United States Senate election in New York, Result\nRoscoe Conkling was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024560-0007-0000", "contents": "1867 United States Senate election in New York, Aftermath\nConkling was re-elected in 1873 and 1879, and remained in office until May 17, 1881, when he resigned in protest against the distribution of federal patronage in New York by President James A. Garfield without being consulted. The crisis between the Stalwart and the Half-Breed factions of the Republican party arose when the leader of the New Yorker Half-Breeds William H. Robertson was appointed Collector of the Port of New York, a position Conkling wanted to give to one of his Stalwart friends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024561-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1867 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on January 15, 1867. Simon Cameron was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024561-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results\nIncumbent Republican Edgar Cowan, who was elected in 1861, was a candidate for re-election to another term, but was defeated by former Democratic Senator and former United States Secretary of War Simon Cameron, who had previously switched to the Republican Party. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 15, 1867, to elect a Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1867. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 59], "content_span": [60, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024562-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1867 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 3, 1867. In keeping with the \"Mountain Rule\", incumbent Republican Paul Dillingham was not a candidate for another term as governor of Vermont. The Republican nomination was won by John B. Page, who had previously served as Vermont State Treasurer. The Democratic nomination was won by John L. Edwards of Newport, who had previously served as State's Attorney of Orleans County. In the general election, Page was elected to a one-year term as governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024563-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami\nThe Virgin Islands earthquake occurred on November 18, 1867, at 2.45 p.m. in the Anegada Trough about 20\u00a0km southwest of Saint Thomas, Danish West Indies (now US Virgin Islands). The 7.5 magnitude earthquake came just 20 days after the devastating San Narciso hurricane killed more than 600 people in the same region. Tsunamis from this earthquake were some of the highest ever recorded in the Lesser Antilles since those produced by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Wave heights exceeded 10 meters in some islands in the Lesser Antilles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024563-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami, Tectonic setting\nThe US Virgin Islands are part of the Greater Antilles that lies parallel to the Puerto Rico Trench; an oblique subduction zone where the North American Plate is underthrusted beneath the Caribbean Plate along the Lesser Antilles subduction zone transits to strike-slip along the Septentrional-Oriente fault zone. Because of this transition, the overriding Caribbean Plate begins to extend, and normal faults starts to break out as a result. Subduction and shallow crustal faults pose earthquake and tsunami risk to the area, although the Lesser Antilles megathrust has not seen any major earthquake along its subduction interface. A possible earthquake along the megathrust may have been the Mw\u202f8.3, 1843 Guadeloupe earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024563-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake\nThe earthquake consisted of two shocks, 10 minutes apart, and the two tsunamis came 10 minutes after each shock. Shaking reportedly lasted a minute in Frederiksted, where the earthquake stirred a dust cloud that blanketed the town. Shaking reached intensity IX on the Rossi-Forel scale in the Danish West Indies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024563-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake\nThe Reid Fault located 17\u00a0km south of Saint Thomas on the northern scarp of the Anegada Trough runs for seven tens of kilometers may have ruptured and produced slip no greater than ten meters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024563-0004-0000", "contents": "1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake\nAnother possible fault is the Zahibo Fault which is 120\u00a0km long and 30\u00a0km by measured width. The rupture may have initiated at a depth of 3\u00a0km along this thrust fault. An underwater landslide triggered by movement on the seafloor would likely be the primary source of the tsunami as the run-up heights of the tsunami were unusually high, and the waves arrived almost immediately after the quake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024563-0005-0000", "contents": "1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami, Tsunami\nAt Saint Thomas, the first wave was described as a \"straight white wall, about 15 to 23 feet (4.6 to 7.0 meters)\" which advanced to the harbor, 10 minutes after the earthquake. The wave picked up steamers along the way and broke to just a few feet in front of the town. Its run-up height was 9.1 meters across the town. A smaller wave came shortly and penetrated further in the island. Thirty people perished when the waves swept them away. Run -ups of 6 meters were recorded at Charlotte Amalie, where 12 people died. The La Plata, a steamship serving the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company was knocked over by the waves, killing nearly all of its crew onboard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024563-0006-0000", "contents": "1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami, Tsunami\nLittle Saba saw the highest waves at 15.2 meters. A US Navy ship, the USS De Soto which had arrived the day before was ripped from her moorings and beached. The second wave then brought the ship with her bottom seriously damaged back to sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024563-0007-0000", "contents": "1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami, Tsunami\nAt Christiansted, Saint Croix, the 7\u20139 meter waves drowned five people and inundated the island up to 90 meters inland. The tsunami destroyed 20 houses and stranded numerous boats inland. In some parts of the island, the waves reached a run-up height of 14.6 meters. Frederiksted on the same island was hit by waves up to 7.6 meters. The surging seawater beached many vessels including a US Navy ship, USS Monongahela along the beaches of Frederiksted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024563-0008-0000", "contents": "1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami, Tsunami\nMeanwhile, at Road Town, British Virgin Islands, the waves were between 1.2 and 1.5 meters which swept away much of the low-lying towns. In Antigua, the sea level rose 8\u201310 feet (2.4 to 3.0 meters) at the Saint John harbor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024563-0009-0000", "contents": "1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami, Tsunami\nEyewitnesses in Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe saw the sea receding and returning, flooding the place up to 2 meters. Deshayes was hit with very high waves, an estimated 18.3 meters (60 feet) in height and a length of 5 km. The tsunami swept away many personal belongings and items. In Saint-Rose however, the waves were determined to be no more than 10 meters when a church said to house fleeing survivors, 10 meters above sea-level remained undamaged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024563-0010-0000", "contents": "1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami, Tsunami\nIn Puerto Rico, wave heights of 1 to 6 meters swept through the island's coast. A parish church in Bayam\u00f3n barrio-pueblo was damaged as a result of the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024564-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Waimea by-election\nThe 1867 Waimea by-election was a by-election held on 28 June 1867 in the Waimea electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024564-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Waimea by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Arthur Robert Oliver on 9 January 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024565-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Wanganui by-election\nThe 1867 Wanganui by-election was a by-election held  on 29 April 1867 in the Wanganui electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024565-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Wanganui by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, John Bryce, who had resigned because of ill-health.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024565-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Wanganui by-election\nHe was replaced by Henry Shafto Harrison, who had previously represented the district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024565-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 Wanganui by-election\nHutchison, who came second, was the editor of The Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024566-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1867 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1867. Incumbent Republican Party Governor Lucius Fairchild won re-election with nearly 52% of the vote, defeating Democratic candidate John J. Tallmadge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024566-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Democratic Party\nJohn J. Tallmadge was a businessman and the former mayor of Milwaukee, having left office less than a year before the 1867 election. Prior to his two terms as mayor, he was one of the founders of the Milwaukee Chamber of Commerce and served as its president in 1863 and 1864.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024566-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Republican Party\nLucius Fairchild was the incumbent governor of Wisconsin, having been elected in the 1865 election. Prior to his election as governor, he was Wisconsin Secretary of State for one term. Fairchild had also been a Union Army officer in the American Civil War, having served as a colonel in the famous Iron Brigade when they participated in fierce fighting at Gettysburg. Fairchild lost an arm due to wounds sustained at Gettysburg, and was later awarded an honorary promotion to brigadier general.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024567-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 flood of Chattanooga\nThe 1867 flood of Chattanooga is the largest flood in the city's recorded history. The flood followed a period of heavy rain that affected most of the Tennessee Valley and lasted from March 7 to March 11, 1867. At its highest point, the water of the Tennessee River crested 58 feet (18 metres) above its normal level, and it inundated much of the city. As a result of the flooding, Chattanooga's residents began to raise the city's street level by about one story.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024567-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 flood of Chattanooga, Meteorology\nThe flood of 1867 took place before reliable methods of meteorological data recording. However, it is known that days before the flood, a large area of Southern Appalachia including Tennessee, North Carolina, and Georgia experienced the same, large storm. The tremendous amounts of rainwater combined with the melting snow caused the tributaries and rivers of the Tennessee Valley to swell. In Chattanooga, the Tennessee River began to rise on March 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024567-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 flood of Chattanooga, Flood\nStarting March 4, 1867, Chattanooga experienced a four-day-long rainstorm. By March 9, all of Chattanooga's streets were under 4 to 8 feet (1.2 to 2.4 metres) of water. Because there was no warning sent out, most residents of Hamilton Country were unprepared for a calamity of this magnitude. In addition to many lives being lost in the flood, the city also experienced huge structural damage. Military Bridge, which, at the time, was the only bridge that connected the north and south shores, was washed away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 32], "content_span": [33, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024567-0002-0001", "contents": "1867 flood of Chattanooga, Flood\nChattanooga's telegraph lines were also destroyed or washed away, leaving the Chattanooga residents unable to communicate with neighboring cities. Low lying croplands and livestock fields were washed away, leaving local farmers devastated, and businesses and homes along the shores of the river were completely destroyed. At night, the city fell victim to looting and violence while the Tennessee River continuously rose sometimes at a rate of one foot every hour. On March 10, the Chattanooga American Union wrote that \"the losses of our merchants, businessmen, and citizens cannot be estimated.\" Though the exact death toll is unknown, many residents in Chattanooga and the surrounding areas were killed. Corpses floated through the city's flooded streets, and a man on the old Lookout Mountain road had claimed that he had seen fifteen bodies float past in a day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 32], "content_span": [33, 899]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024567-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 flood of Chattanooga, Impact\nFollowing the destruction of the Military Bridge, Chattanooga city was without a bridge until the Walnut Street Bridge was constructed in 1891. On March 9, an anonymously written article appeared in the Daily American Union saying that city officials had begun planning to start a major city project that would raise the street level by about one story through the city. The remnants of this massive project are still noticeable to the naked eye. Downtown Chattanooga is filled with tops of old windows and doors protruding out of the sidewalk and what seem to be basement doors that do not lead anywhere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024569-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1867 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024570-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024570-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1867 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024570-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1867 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024573-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in Canada, Historical documents\nThomas D'Arcy McGee lectures on the state of cultural development in Canada", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024573-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 in Canada, Historical documents\nCourt validates a \"country marriage,\" allowing a Metis man to inherit", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024573-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 in Canada, Historical documents\nReport on Anglican mission work among and by Indigenous people in Rupert's Land", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024574-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1867 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024581-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in Japan\nEvents in the year 1867 in Japan. It corresponds to Kei\u014d 2 and Kei\u014d 3 in the Japanese calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024583-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1867 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024583-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nThe number of seats in the House of Representatives is increased to 74 with the creation of four M\u0101ori seats, and male M\u0101ori are given the right to vote. The Legislative Council now has 36 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024583-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 in New Zealand, Sport, Horse racing\nA Wellington Cup is held in Wellington. This is no relation to the annual race held from 1874. Racing had only recently been moved from the beaches to Hutt Park in Lower Hutt and Burnham Water in Miramar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024583-0003-0000", "contents": "1867 in New Zealand, Sport, Rowing\nThe Star Boating Club is formed in Wellington. (other sources state 1867)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024586-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in Portugal, Events\nDeath penalty was abolished for civil crimes except treason in time of war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024589-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1867 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024591-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1867 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024592-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in architecture\nThe year 1867 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024594-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024596-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: paleo, \"ancient\"; ontos, \"being\"; and logos, \"knowledge\") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024597-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024597-0001-0000", "contents": "1867 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024597-0002-0000", "contents": "1867 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024598-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024599-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in science\nThe year 1867 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024600-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in sports\n1867 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024601-0000-0000", "contents": "1867 in the British Virgin Islands\nEvents from the year 1867 in the British Virgin Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024605-0000-0000", "contents": "1867\u201368 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season\nThe  1867\u201368 Season was Sheffield Wednesday F.C. 's first season after being formed on 5 September 1867. For this first season of their existence \"The Wednesday\" as they were called played their home matches on an open field known as \"high field\" in the present Highfields area of Sheffield. The actual location of the ground was on Upper Colver Road which no longer exists but was situated on the present day site of the Highfields Library which stands near the junction of London Road and Abbeydale Road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024605-0001-0000", "contents": "1867\u201368 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season, Formation\nThe club was initially a cricket team named The Wednesday Cricket Club after the day of the week on which they played their matches. The footballing side of the club was established to keep the team together and fit during the winter months. SWFC was born on the evening of Wednesday 4 September 1867 at a meeting at the Adelphi Hotel in Sheffield. The formation was announced two days later with the following statement in the Sheffield Independent newspaper:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024605-0002-0000", "contents": "1867\u201368 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season, Formation\nEven at this first meeting it became apparent that football would soon come to eclipse the cricketing side of the club. The formation of the football club came within a decade of the first football club in the world, Sheffield F.C., being formed. Hallam F.C. was set up shortly afterwards and by 1867 Association football was becoming very popular. The Wednesday played their first football match in October 1867 against the Mechanics Club at Norfolk Park, a game which they won by three goals and four rouges to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024605-0003-0000", "contents": "1867\u201368 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season, Cromwell Cup victory\nWednesday entered their first significant tournament in early 1868 when they took part in the  Cromwell Cup, a knock out competition for four clubs. All the clubs invited to take part by Oliver Cromwell, stage-manager of the Theatre Royal in Sheffield, had been formed for less than two years. Wednesday defeated Exchange 4\u20130 at the Mackenzie Ground on 1 February in their first match to qualify for the final. A week later Garrick beat Wellington by a \"rouge\" to nil at Norfolk Park to set up a Wednesday v Garrick final on 15 February 1868 at Bramall Lane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024605-0004-0000", "contents": "1867\u201368 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season, Cromwell Cup victory\nThe Cromwell Cup final was the first match that Wednesday played in that an admittance fee was charged. A crowd of around 600 assembled at Bramall Lane for the final with Garrick winning the toss and electing to play with a strong wind at their back. Garrick had the better of the play in the first half and hit the post after ten minutes, however it was goal-less at half time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024605-0004-0001", "contents": "1867\u201368 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season, Cromwell Cup victory\nThe second half was more evenly contested with Garrick having some dangerous attacking moments but Wednesday skipper John Marsh along with Denton and Whelan played well in defence to keep the score at 0\u20130 at full-time. Jenkinson, Broomhead and Alf Wood also had good games for Wednesday. It was decided to keep playing extra time until one of the teams scored. After ten minutes of extra time Wednesday scored when Whelan passed to Wood who played the ball into the goal mouth which resulted in a general melee. A Garrick defender hit the ball high into the air and when it dropped it hit somebody on the shoulder and went into the goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024605-0005-0000", "contents": "1867\u201368 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season, Cromwell Cup victory\nWednesday skipper John Marsh was carried from the pitch by jubilant supporters although it was not until 16 March that he was presented with the cup by Oliver Cromwell at the Theatre Royal on the occasion of his benefit night. After the presentation of the cup the Wednesday players adjourned to the nearby Adelphi Hotel, where landlord Harry Sampson kept his promise and filled the cup with champagne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024606-0000-0000", "contents": "1868\n1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1868th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 868th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 68th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  9th   year of the 1860s decade. As of the start of 1868, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024607-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1868 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on February 4, 1868, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama. Republican William Hugh Smith ran unopposed. This is the first time that a Republican became Governor of Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024608-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Argentine presidential election\nThe Argentine presidential election of 1868 was held on 12 April to choose the president of Argentina. Domingo Sarmiento was elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024608-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Argentine presidential election, Background\nPresiding over a prosperous economy overshadowed somewhat by the costly Paraguayan War, President Mitre was at pains to avoid risking the tenuous national unity his administration had secured. Though he hand-picked prospective candidates, Mitre avoided the appearance of direct support for any one figure, while limiting the field to those he considered acceptable. Electors from Buenos Aires Province favored Autonomist Party candidate Adolfo Alsina, who was instead persuaded by Mitre to run for the vice-presidency. The nomination was handed to the Ambassador to the United States, Domingo Sarmiento, who remained at his post and did not campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024608-0001-0001", "contents": "1868 Argentine presidential election, Background\nMitre also supported former Unitarian Party leader Rufino de Elizalde and his running mate General Wenceslao Paunero, a key figure in Mitre's victory at the Battle of Pav\u00f3n. These candidates were all preferred by the president over that year's dark horse, former President Justo Jos\u00e9 de Urquiza (whom Mitre attempted to dissuade from running for fear of the separatist conflict his presence might provoke).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024608-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Argentine presidential election, Background\nThese candidates were, with the exception of Sarmiento, contentious in many circles and provided the new system its first real test. The electoral college met on 12 April 1868, and selected Sarmiento by 79 out of 131 votes, making this the only closely contested race during this era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024609-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Arica earthquake\nThe 1868 Arica earthquake occurred on 13 August 1868, near Arica, then part of Peru, now part of Chile, at 21:30 UTC. It had an estimated magnitude between 8.5 and 9.0. A tsunami (or multiple tsunamis) in the Pacific Ocean was produced by the earthquake, which was recorded in Hawaii, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024609-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Arica earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe earthquake occurred along the boundary between the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate. The earthquake was likely a result of thrust-faulting, caused by the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American plate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024609-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Arica earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe coasts of Peru and Chile have a history of great megathrust earthquakes originating from this plate boundary, such as the 1960 Valdivia earthquake and the 2010 Chile earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024609-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 Arica earthquake, Damage\nThe earthquake caused almost complete destruction in the southern part of Peru, including Arica, Tacna, Moquegua, Mollendo, Ilo, Iquique, Torata and Arequipa, resulting in an estimated 25,000 casualties, and many shipwrecks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024609-0004-0000", "contents": "1868 Arica earthquake, Damage\nThe tsunami drove three ships anchored in port nearly 800\u00a0m (2,600\u00a0ft) inland: the 1560-ton Peruvian corvette America, the U.S. gunboat Wateree and the U.S. store ship Fredonia, which was completely destroyed. The brig Cha\u00f1arcillo and two schooners, Rosa Rivera and Regalon, were also lost. The port city of Pisco was razed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024609-0005-0000", "contents": "1868 Arica earthquake, Damage\nThe tsunami caused considerable damage in Hawaii, washing out a bridge along the Waiohi River. In New Zealand, it is the only fatal tsunami on record, causing substantial damage on the Chatham Islands and an estimated 20 people washed out to sea. On the mainland, Banks Peninsula was hardest hit with a Maori village and two houses washed away and boats damaged, and one death was recorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024609-0006-0000", "contents": "1868 Arica earthquake, Characteristics, Earthquake\nTwo separate earthquakes have been described; they may both refer to the same event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 50], "content_span": [51, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024609-0007-0000", "contents": "1868 Arica earthquake, Characteristics, Earthquake\nThe earthquake was felt over a wide area, up to 1,400\u00a0km (870\u00a0mi) to the northwest in Samanco, Peru and 224\u00a0km (139\u00a0mi) to the east in Bolivia. Estimates of its magnitude range from 8.5 to 9.0. A 600\u00a0km (370\u00a0mi) rupture length has been estimated from the pattern of isoseismals making it one of the largest fault breaks in modern times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 50], "content_span": [51, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024609-0008-0000", "contents": "1868 Arica earthquake, Characteristics, Earthquake\nAbout 400 aftershocks were recorded by 25 August of that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 50], "content_span": [51, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024609-0009-0000", "contents": "1868 Arica earthquake, Characteristics, Earthquake\nContemporary accounts say that the earthquake shaking lasted somewhere between five and ten minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 50], "content_span": [51, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024609-0010-0000", "contents": "1868 Arica earthquake, Characteristics, Tsunami\nAlthough this event generated a tsunami that was noted across the Pacific, most of the associated damage was localised along the coasts of southern Peru and what is now northernmost Chile. The first wave arrived at Arica 52 minutes after the earthquake, with a 12\u00a0m (39\u00a0ft) height, followed by the largest 16\u00a0m (52\u00a0ft) wave 73 minutes later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024609-0011-0000", "contents": "1868 Arica earthquake, Future risk\nIn 2001 the Arica area was identified as forming part of a seismic gap between 15\u00b0 and 24\u00b0S, with no major earthquake since 1877. In accordance with this theory a major earthquake was considered likely to happen in the near future. More specifically, in 2005 a magnitude 8.6 event was forecast for the northern Chile part of the gap, the location of the subsequent 2014 Iquique earthquake. An earthquake affecting the same sector of the plate boundary as the 1868 event with a magnitude of 8.8 was also forecast as likely to occur by 2126. A repeat of the 1868 event would probably cause more casualties, because of the increase of population in areas at risk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024610-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1868 Atlantic hurricane season was among the quietest on record, with only four tropical cyclones recorded. Only two seasons had fewer storms than in 1868, and seven had the same number of storms. Initially, there were no known storms during the season, although a re-analysis confirmed the activity. All tropical activity occurred within a 45\u2011day span. There may have been other unconfirmed tropical cyclones during the season. Meteorologist Christopher Landsea estimates up to six storms were missed from the official database, due to small tropical cyclone size, sparse ship reports, and relatively unpopulated coastlines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024610-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Atlantic hurricane season\nOnly one of the storms, the second, made landfall, doing so near Apalachicola, Florida. It produced heavy rainfall and gusty winds across the southeastern United States, although there was no severe damage associated with the storm. The first hurricane killed two people when a ship passed through its winds for 14\u00a0hours. The third hurricane, located in the western Caribbean Sea, did not affect land, although two ships experienced its strong winds. The final hurricane lasted three days across the western Atlantic, forcing one ship to halt its voyage due to storm damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024610-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nThe first known tropical cyclone of the season was observed on September\u00a03, about halfway between the Bahamas and Bermuda. A nearby ship estimated winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km), indicating the presence of the hurricane. It moved northward initially, passing about 220\u00a0mi (355\u00a0km) west of Bermuda on September\u00a04. Thereafter, the hurricane turned toward the northeast, and the ship \"John Richardson\" encountered gale force winds on September\u00a05, resulting in a wreck of its cargo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024610-0002-0001", "contents": "1868 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nOn September\u00a06, it was estimated to have reached peak winds of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h), based on observations from the ship with the call sign \"Greenock\". The hurricane lashed the ship with strong winds for 14\u00a0hours, killing the captain and one crewman. At the time, it was about 400\u00a0mi (640\u00a0km) southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Turning to the northeast, the hurricane passed south of Newfoundland before last being observed on September\u00a07.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024610-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nA ship sunk in the western Gulf of Mexico on October\u00a01, which was the first indication of the second tropical cyclone of the season. The storm moved slowly northeastward toward the southeastern Louisiana coastline, intensifying to its estimated peak winds of 70\u00a0mph (115\u00a0km/h). On October\u00a04, it passed near or over southeastern Louisiana, producing heavy rain and gusty winds in New Orleans. Flooding was observed in portions of the city, and the West Rigolets Lighthouse on Lake Pontchartrain suffered $5,000 in damage due to the storm (1868\u00a0USD, $81,000 2010\u00a0USD). The storm accelerated northeastward and struck near Apalachicola, Florida late on October\u00a04.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024610-0004-0000", "contents": "1868 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nAs the storm crossed over the Florida panhandle and southeastern Georgia, the winds weakened to 45\u00a0mph (72\u00a0km/h), although it still produced heavy rainfall and gusty winds in Savannah, Georgia. No severe damage was reported in the city. The tropical storm continued northeastward, emerging into the western Atlantic and paralleling the coastlines of the Carolinas just offshore. Several ships reported strong winds and rough seas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024610-0004-0001", "contents": "1868 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nOn October\u00a06, the storm restrengthened to its peak intensity before becoming an extratropical cyclone about 200\u00a0mi (320\u00a0km) southeast of Cape Cod; however, one meteorologist assessed it as acquiring extratropical characteristics after it exited Georgia into the western Atlantic. As an extratropical storm, it reached winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h), based on a ship report south of Atlantic Canada. Late on October\u00a07, the storm was last observed to the south of Newfoundland. The storm was the only one in the season not to attain hurricane status.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024610-0005-0000", "contents": "1868 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nAs the previous storm was moving along the coastline of the southeastern United States, a new hurricane was observed in the western Caribbean Sea, about halfway between Honduras and Jamaica. Its intensity, based on a ship report, was estimated at 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h). The hurricane moved slowly west-northwestward, and another ship experienced its strong winds on October\u00a07. There were no further observations, so its complete track is unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024610-0006-0000", "contents": "1868 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nThe final known hurricane of the season was observed on October\u00a015, to the northeast of the central Bahamas. The ship \"Jim Cow\", en route from New York to Panama, suffered heavy damage from the storm, so much that it could not complete its voyage. Moving generally northeastward, the hurricane was estimated to have reached peak winds of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h), based on ship reports. On October\u00a017 the cyclone was absorbed by a rapidly intensifying extratropical cyclone off the coast of New England. It never affected land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024611-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Avon by-election\nThe 1868 Avon by-election was a by-election held on 8 June during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Christchurch electorate of Avon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024611-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Avon by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Reeves on 2 May 1868. Reeves had been elected in the 11 March 1867 Avon by-election and after attending the 1867 parliamentary session, he resigned as his business partner had died in late 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024611-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Avon by-election\nReeves' notice of resignation, dated 2 May, first appeared in newspapers on 5 May. On that same day, the local newspapers The Press and the Lyttelton Times published a requisition signed by 362 electors addressed to William Rolleston, urging him to stand, as well as his lengthy response acceding to that request.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024611-0002-0001", "contents": "1868 Avon by-election\nIn his response, Rolleston outlined his political views: in contrast to the outgoing Superintendent of Canterbury, William Sefton Moorhouse, Rolleston wanted to be prudent with his capital programme and cut back public debts; he favoured the careful and deliberate abolition of provincial governments but saw no haste to action this measure; he advocated a better system of distribution of the provincial revenues handed to the central government (as Canterbury paid more than its fair share).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024611-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 Avon by-election\nThe by-election unfolded during the upcoming election for the superintendency of the Canterbury Province. Moorhouse, whose popularity had sunk to a low, had resigned in early April 1868 over personal financial difficulties. Moorhouse was encouraged by some voters to make himself available for the Avon by-election but he stated that he was not prepared to stand; his financial difficulties were not public knowledge at the time. On 22 May 1868, Rolleston was elected unopposed to the highest political office in Canterbury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024611-0004-0000", "contents": "1868 Avon by-election\nRolleston had since 1865 been a public servant, appointed by Premier Frederick Weld as the Under Secretary in the Native Department. Rolleston needed to wind up his role in Wellington and left for the capital after he announced his candidacy for both the Superintendency and the Avon electorate. Rolleston's resignation from the Native Department was gazetted later in May. On 19 May, Rolleston arrived back at Lyttelton from Wellington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024611-0005-0000", "contents": "1868 Avon by-election\nThe nomination meeting was set for Tuesday, 8 June 1868 at the Papanui school, with an election (if necessary) to be held the following day. Thomas Maude (the father of Nurse Maude) acted as the returning officer. The Papanui land owner Henry Matson proposed Rolleston and William Lane\u2014best known for his ownership of Mill Island in the Avon River\u2014seconded the nomination. As there were no other nominations, Rolleston won the Avon by-election unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024611-0006-0000", "contents": "1868 Avon by-election\nThe by-election success was the beginning of Rolleston's long parliamentary career. He remained a member of parliament until 1899, with two three-year breaks. In total, he spent 25 years in Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024612-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Barcelona Workers' Congress\nThe 1868 Barcelona Workers' Congress was convened on December 13, 1868, by the Central Directorate of Workers' Societies of Barcelona, which had been created two months earlier thanks to the freedom achieved after the triumph of the Glorious Revolution of September 1868. Sixty-one Catalan workers' societies attended. Its most immediate antecedent was the 1865 Barcelona Workers' Congress - the first in the history of the labor movement in Spain, although it was also limited to Catalonia. It wasn't until 1870 that the first state-level workers' congress was held, which also had its headquarters in Barcelona, and from which the FRE-AIT would emerge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024612-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nThe September Revolution of 1868 opened a period of freedom in which the workers' societies - in their two variants of mutual aid societies and of resistance societies - were able to emerge from the secrecy in which they had lived for most of the reign of Isabella II. In October the Provisional Government decreed freedom of association and that same month the \"Central Directorate of the Barcelona Workers' Societies\" was founded, into which it integrated those that had survived during the underground and new ones that were created then. Societies of hand weavers and mechanical weavers, bakers, stonemasons, locksmiths, printers, cabinetmakers, tailors, etc. joined it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024612-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nThe \"Central Directorate\" issued an appeal \"To the workers of Catalonia\" in which it summoned them to hold a Congress, because \"in all countries where the institutions give enough guarantee for this, the working class meets, holds congresses, not only local but international\". It was proposed that three representatives for each workers' society in Barcelona and five for each locality where there were workers' societies would attend. In Congress, it would be especially about the form of government that would replace the overthrown Kingdom of Spain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024612-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nThe first issue that embraces them all today is the reconstitution of our homeland, which must be born from the system of government that the nation accepts as the most advantageous ... This must be the fundamental basis of the deliberations of the congress, to determine which is the form of government that can best protect the interests of the working class, in order to support it with the efforts of all, voting in the elections for deputies who undertake to defend within the national representation the approach of the system of government that has seemed most advantageous.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024612-0004-0000", "contents": "1868 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\n61 Catalan workers' associations were represented at the congress, 34 from Barcelona and the remaining, of the 45 that have been identified, from Roda, Tiana, Matar\u00f3, Igualada , Sallent, Moy\u00e1, Manlleu, Sabadell, Estany, Martorell and Tarragona. Among the agreements that were adopted included the support for the establishment of a Federal Republic, the participation of the working class in the elections and the decision to publish a weekly newspaper under the name of La Federaci\u00f3n - which would later become the most important internationalist newspaper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024612-0004-0001", "contents": "1868 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nCooperativism was also supported as a way to achieve social emancipation, as well as the formation of mixed commissions of employers and workers in which they would discuss their demands. Among its leaders were men who would later become prominent figures of the FRE-AIT: Rafael Farga Pellicer and Antonio Marsal Anglora, appointed secretaries of the organization; and Juan Nuet, Jaime Balasch, Clement Bov\u00e9 and Juan Fargas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024612-0005-0000", "contents": "1868 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThose who defended the federal Republic argued that through it \"we will obtain decentralization, that in vain we will wait for it from those who want a unitary Republic, which so much favors ... the courtiers who live at the expense of the other provinces.\" Farga Pellicer said \"that the three political parties, absolutist, constitutional and democratic, that exist, represent the three classes in which society is currently divided: the nobility, the middle class and the working class\" and that \"if they do not want to commit suicide then they must vote for and defend the Republic ...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024612-0005-0001", "contents": "1868 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThe working class, despite being more ignorant, will solve the problem of freedom, equality and brotherhood of the peoples.\" He also stated that \"the cooperative societal system is the only one that will emancipate the worker from the tyranny of capital, the federative Republic will be the one that will emancipate the people from the tyranny of despots.\" In its first issue La Federaci\u00f3n proclaimed its support for the Federal Republic, \"a form of government that best suits the class interests of the workers, a political form necessary for their emancipation\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024612-0006-0000", "contents": "1868 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Consequences\nIn January 1869, the \"Central Directorate of the Barcelona Workers' Societies\" asked the workers to vote for the candidacies of the Federal Democratic Republican Party \"because [political] indifference among you would be a crime ...; because we would give place to that despotism and other plagues attached to it were once again enthroned in our poor country. The proclamation was signed by Farga Pellicer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024612-0007-0000", "contents": "1868 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Consequences\nThe worker Pablo Alsina, a member of the Veil Weavers Society, and Baldomer Lostau i Prats were elected by Barcelona, who would later join the Barcelona section of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024612-0008-0000", "contents": "1868 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Consequences\nAfter the celebration of the elections, the \"Central Directorate\" organized a \"political tea\", on February 5, to honor the deputies of the Federal Democratic Republican Party elected by the constituency from Barcelona, and in which Pablo Alsina took the floor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024612-0008-0001", "contents": "1868 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Consequences\nTwo days earlier the \"Central Directorate\" had issued a manifesto \"To the workers of all countries\" in response to the message sent by the Geneva section of the IWA \"to the Spanish workers\" dated December 26, 1868, and in which it opposed their supporting the Republic, and to the one sent by the German section in which it set out the opposite position. To the Genevans, the manifesto said: \"It is well enough that the freedom that the political revolution exclusively provides is unnecessary to lift the people from moral and material decay ...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024612-0008-0002", "contents": "1868 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Consequences\nWe all understand that freedom without political equality, and political equality without economic freedom, is nothing more than a hoax. But we came out of a despotic and prostrate situation, in which our rights to instruction, to science, to intellectual life did not exist. And to the Germans: \"Today, that for freedom the Republic goes to the realization of the greatest social problems ... See [the working people] organize hundreds of COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES, well convinced that for them, and only for them, it must be well redeemed soon from the miserable condition of wage slavery ... See them ... compact ... go to the elections with the holy desire of the Republic.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024612-0009-0000", "contents": "1868 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Consequences\nAs Josep Termes has pointed out, \"in this period of integration between workerism and federalism\", \"prominent leaders of the Barcelona unions not only appeared in the ranks of federal republicanism, but they even reached leading positions in the party.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024613-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Belgian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Belgium on 9 June 1868. In the elections for the Chamber of Representatives the result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 72 of the 122 seats. Voter turnout was 55.6%, although only 55,297 people were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024613-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Belgian general election\nUnder the alternating system, elections were only held in five out of the nine provinces: Antwerp, Brabant, Luxembourg, Namur and West Flanders. A special election was held in the arrondissement of Tongeren.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024614-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Birmingham by-election\nThe Birmingham by-election of 1868 was held on 21 December 1868. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP John Bright, becoming President of the Board of Trade. It was retained by Bright who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024615-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1868 saw the reelection of Nathaniel B. Shurtleff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024616-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Brazilian political crisis\nThe 1868 Brazilian political crisis led to the resignation of the ruling Progressive cabinet and the return of the Conservative Party to power in the Empire of Brazil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024617-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Canterbury colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of Canterbury in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held in September 1868 because of the resignation of James Pemell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024618-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Central Cumberland colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Central Cumberland on 17 December 1868 because of the resignation of Allan Macpherson, who left the colony to return to Europe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024619-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 City of London by-election\nThe City of London by-election of 1868 was held on 21 December 1868. The by-election was fought due to the incumbent Liberal MP, George Joachim Goschen, becoming President of the Poor Law Board. It was retained by Goschen who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024620-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 City of Nelson by-election\nThe 1868 City of Nelson by-election was a by-election held on 24 December 1868 in the City of Nelson electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024620-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 City of Nelson by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Edward Stafford. The by-election was won by Nathaniel Edwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024621-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Clermont colonial by-election\nThe Clermont colonial by-election, 1868 was a by-election held on 22 June 1868 in the electoral district of Clermont for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024621-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Clermont colonial by-election, History\nOn 11 May 1868, Charles Fitzsimmons, the member for Clermont, resigned. John Scott won the resulting by-election on 22 June 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024622-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Collingwood by-election\nThe 1868 Collingwood by-election was a by-election held on 18 March 1868 in the Collingwood electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024622-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Collingwood by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Andrew Richmond on 7 February 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024622-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Collingwood by-election\nThe by-election was won by Arthur Collins, by the narrow margin of three votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024623-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Colombian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in the United States of Colombia in 1868. The result was a victory for Santos Guti\u00e9rrez of the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024623-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Colombian presidential election, Electoral system\nThe 1863 constitution changed the electoral system from a direct vote to an indirect vote. The President was now elected on the basis of which candidate received the most votes in each state, with a candidate required to win in at least five of the nine states to be elected. If no candidate received a majority, Congress would elect the President from the main contenders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024624-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1868 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 6, 1868. It was the first of four consecutive contests between the same two men. Incumbent governor and Democratic nominee James E. English defeated Republican nominee Marshall Jewell with 50.88% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024625-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Danish West Indies status referendum\nA referendum on transferring ownership to the United States was held on 9 January 1868 on the islands of Sankt Jan and Sankt Thomas, two of three main islands in the Danish West Indies. In the referendum, held by universal male suffrage, voters could approve or reject the outcome of negotiations for the sale of the two islands to the United States for US$7.5 million. The third island, Sankt Croix, was to be sold separately to the US at a later date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024625-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Danish West Indies status referendum\nThe sale was approved by 98.26% of voters. Although it was a binding referendum, the US Senate finally reneged on the agreement in 1870. The Islands were later transferred to the United States after a second referendum in 1916 and the subsequent Treaty of the Danish West Indies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024626-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Democratic National Convention\nThe 1868 Democratic National Convention was held at Tammany Hall in New York City between July 4, and July 9, 1868. The slogan for the 1868 Democratic National Convention was, \"This is a White Man's Country, Let White Men Rule\". The convention was notable for the return of Democratic Party politicians from the southern states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024626-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Presidential candidates\nThe front-runner in the early balloting was George H. Pendleton, who led on the first 15 ballots, followed in varying order by incumbent president Andrew Johnson, Winfield Scott Hancock, Sanford Church, Asa Packer, Joel Parker, James E. English, James Rood Doolittle, and Thomas A. Hendricks. The unpopular Johnson, having narrowly survived impeachment, won 65 votes on the first ballot, less than one-third of the total necessary for nomination, and thus lost his bid for election as president in his own right.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024626-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Presidential candidates\nMeanwhile, the convention chairman Horatio Seymour, former governor of New York, received 9 votes on the fourth ballot from the state of North Carolina. This unexpected move caused \"loud and enthusiastic cheering,\" but Seymour refused, saying,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024626-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Presidential candidates\nI must not be nominated by this Convention, as I could not accept the nomination if tendered. My own inclination prompted me to decline at the outset; my honor compels me to do so now. It is impossible, consistently with my position, to allow my name to be mentioned in this Convention against my protest. The clerk will proceed with the call.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024626-0004-0000", "contents": "1868 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Presidential candidates\nAfter numerous indecisive ballots, the names of John T. Hoffman, Francis P. Blair, and Stephen Johnson Field were placed in nomination. This raised the number of names placed into nomination to thirteen. None of these new candidates, however, gained much traction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024626-0005-0000", "contents": "1868 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Presidential candidates\nFor twenty-one ballots, the opposing candidates battled it out: the East battling the West for control, the conservatives battling the radicals. The two leading candidates were determined that the other should not receive the nomination; because of the two-thirds rule of the convention, a compromise candidate was needed. Seymour still hoped it would be Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, but on the twenty-second ballot, the chairman of the Ohio delegation announced, \"at the unanimous request and demand of the delegation I place Horatio Seymour in nomination with twenty-one votes-against his inclination, but no longer against his honor.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024626-0006-0000", "contents": "1868 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Presidential candidates\nSeymour had to wait for the rousing cheers to die down before he could address the delegates and decline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024626-0007-0000", "contents": "1868 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Presidential candidates\nI have no terms in which to tell of my regret that my name has been brought before this convention. God knows that my life and all that I value most in life I would give for the good of my country, which I believe to be identified with that of the Democratic party...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024626-0008-0000", "contents": "1868 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Presidential candidates\n...but when I said that I could not be a candidate, I meant it! I could not receive the nomination without placing not only myself but the Democratic party in a false position. God bless you for your kindness to me, but your candidate I cannot be.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024626-0009-0000", "contents": "1868 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Presidential candidates\nSeymour left the platform to cool off and rest. No sooner had he left the hall than the Ohio chairman cried that his delegation would not accept Seymour's declination; Utah's chairman rose to say that Seymour was the man they had to have. While Seymour was waiting in the vestibule, the convention nominated him unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024626-0010-0000", "contents": "1868 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Presidential candidates\nIn 1868, the States of Arkansas, Alabama, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Louisiana were readmitted to the Union. Nebraska had been admitted to the Union on March 1, 1867. Texas, Mississippi and Virginia had not yet been readmitted to the Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024626-0011-0000", "contents": "1868 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination, Declined\nExhausted, the delegates unanimously nominated General Francis Preston Blair, Jr. for vice-president on the first ballot after the names of Augustus C. Dodge and Thomas Ewing, Jr. were withdrawn from consideration. Blair's nomination reflected a desire to balance the ticket east and west as well as north and south.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024626-0012-0000", "contents": "1868 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination, Declined\nBlair had worked hard to acquire the Democratic nomination and accepted second place on the ticket, finding himself in controversy. Blair had gained attention by an inflammatory letter addressed to Colonel James O. Broadhead, dated a few days before the convention met. In his letter, Blair wrote that the \"real and only issue in this contest was the overthrow of Reconstruction, as the radical Republicans had forced it in the South.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024627-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Dutch general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Netherlands on 22 January 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024628-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 East Moreton colonial by-election\nThe East Moreton colonial by-election, 1868 was a by-election held on 23 December 1868 in the electoral district of East Moreton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024628-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 East Moreton colonial by-election, History\nOn 11 December 1868, John Douglas, member for East Moreton, resigned. Henry Jordan won the resulting by-election on 23 December 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024629-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Ecuador earthquakes\nThe 1868 Ecuador earthquakes occurred at 19:30 UTC on August 15 and 06:30 UTC on 16 August 1868. They caused severe damage in the northeastern part of Ecuador and in southwestern Colombia. They had an estimated magnitude of 6.3 and 6.7 and together caused up to 70,000 casualties. The earthquake of 15 August occurred near El \u00c1ngel, Carchi Province, close to the border with Colombia, while that of August 16 occurred near Ibarra in Imbabura Province. Reports of these earthquakes are often confused with the effects of the earthquake of 13 August at Arica.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024629-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Ecuador earthquakes, Tectonic setting\nThe active tectonics of Ecuador is dominated by the effects of the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate. The high degree of coupling across the plate boundary where the Carnegie Ridge is being subducted beneath northern Ecuador causes unusually intense intraplate deformation. Known faults within the area of the earthquake epicenters are the SSW-NNE trending San Isidro, El \u00c1ngel, R\u00edo Ambi and Otavalo Faults, all considered to be dextral strike-slip faults, sometimes with reverse movement. All these faults are interpreted to have moved in the last 1.6 million years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024629-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Ecuador earthquakes, Damage, 15 August\nThe towns of El \u00c1ngel and La Concepcion were severely shaken by the first earthquake and El \u00c1ngel was described as \"ruined\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024629-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 Ecuador earthquakes, Damage, 16 August\nIbarra was devastated, with every building destroyed and only a few walls left standing. Nearby Otavalo was left without a single house standing and 6,000 people died. In Imbabura, there were 15\u201320,000 casualties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024629-0004-0000", "contents": "1868 Ecuador earthquakes, Characteristics\nThere was a minor foreshock the previous afternoon (possibly the 15 August event), with the mainshock occurring at 01:30 local time early on the morning of 16 August. The shaking lasted for one minute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 41], "content_span": [42, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024629-0005-0000", "contents": "1868 Ecuador earthquakes, Aftermath\nThe relief efforts were organised by Gabriel Garc\u00eda Moreno, who had been appointed to that role by the federal government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024629-0006-0000", "contents": "1868 Ecuador earthquakes, Aftermath\nOn 26 April each year, in the 'El Retorno' festival, Ibarra celebrates the return of the inhabitants in 1872 after a four-year absence following the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024630-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Ecuadorian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Ecuador in 1868. The result was a victory for Juan Javier Espinosa. He took office on 20 January.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024631-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 English cricket season\n1868 was the 82nd season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). It featured the first organised group of Australian sportspeople to travel overseas, being an all-Aboriginal cricket team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024631-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 English cricket season, Playing record (by county)\nOwing to an exceptionally hot and dry summer, and the absence of the forthcoming revolution of the heavy roller, 1868 was to be the last season in which every county match was finished outright.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024631-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 English cricket season, Notes\nHampshire, though regarded until 1885 as first-class, played no inter-county matches between 1868 and 1869 or 1871 and 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024632-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Exeter by-election\nThe Exeter by-election of 1868 was held on 21 December 1868. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, John Coleridge, becoming Solicitor General for England and Wales. It was retained by Coleridge who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024633-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Florida gubernatorial election\nThe 1868 Florida gubernatorial election was held on May 4, 1868. Republican nominee Harrison Reed defeated the Democratic nominee George W. Scott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024634-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Franklin by-election\nThe 1868 Franklin by-election was a by-election held on 2 July 1868 in the Franklin electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024634-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Franklin by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Robert Graham on 25 May 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024635-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Goldfields North colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Goldfields North on 17 December 1868 because of the resignation of George Pickering.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024636-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Grand National\nThe 1868 Grand National was the 30th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 4 March 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024637-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 21 March 1868. Supporters of Alexandros Koumoundouros and Dimitrios Voulgaris won a majority of the 184 seats. Voulgaris remained Prime Minister, having assumed office on 6 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024638-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Greenwich by-election\nThe Greenwich by-election of 1868 was held on 21 December 1868. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, William Ewart Gladstone, becoming the Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury. It was retained by Gladstone who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024639-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Halifax by-election\nThe Halifax by-election of 1868 was a by-election held in England on 21 December 1868 for the House of Commons constituency of Halifax in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, James Stansfeld, becoming Lord Commissioner of the Treasury. It was retained by Stansfeld who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024640-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Hawaii earthquake\nThe 1868 Hawaii earthquake was the largest recorded in the history of Hawai\u02bbi island, with an estimated magnitude of 7.9 Mfa and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). The earthquake occurred at 4 p.m. local time on April 2, 1868 and caused a landslide and tsunami that led to 77 deaths. The aftershock sequence for this event has continued up to the present day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024640-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Hawaii earthquake, Background\nThe island of Hawai\u02bbi (commonly called the \"Big Island\") is the currently active volcanic center of the Hawaiian Islands formed over the Hawaii hotspot. Two of the active volcanoes on the Big Island are K\u012blauea and Mauna Loa with a newer submarine volcano forming the Loihi Seamount to the southeast of the island. Continued growth of the southeastern part of the island is accompanied by major slumping and southeastward movement of the flanks of the two volcanoes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024640-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Hawaii earthquake, Background\nThis flank displacement is linked to extension within the rift zones associated with both of the active volcanoes, the Mauna Loa and K\u012blauea rifts. From the interpretation of seismic reflection data, it has been proposed that the southeastward displacement takes place on a decollement surface near the top of the oceanic crust. The slumping is thought to affect only the upper part of the flank as the amount of shortening observed in the toe thrust zone is much larger than that observed in the extensional faults associated with the slumps, but matches well with estimates of extension within the volcanic rift systems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024640-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 Hawaii earthquake, Background, The Hilina Slump\nThe Hilina Slump is the largest of the active slumps around the Hawaiian islands. The 'backscarp' to the slump is formed by the Hilina extensional fault system, which is known to have moved in both the 1868 event and the 1975 Kalapana earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 52], "content_span": [53, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024640-0004-0000", "contents": "1868 Hawaii earthquake, Background, Earthquake\nA firsthand description of the events was written by Frederick S. Lyman, a goat and sheep rancher at Kea\u012bwa near the epicenter of the events. A sequence of foreshocks began on March 27, with tremors every few minutes. They increased steadily in intensity, including one on March 28 that had an estimated magnitude of 7.1. The sequence continued until 4 p.m. on April 2, when the mainshock occurred. One interpretation of this sequence of events is that they were related to the movement of two separate landslide structures on the south side of the island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 46], "content_span": [47, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024640-0004-0001", "contents": "1868 Hawaii earthquake, Background, Earthquake\nThe first, triggered by an eruption that began in the upper part of Mauna Loa's southwest rift, involved movement of a block that extended seawards for at least 12 miles (19\u00a0km). The tremors over the next four days are regarded as aftershocks of the 7.1 event caused by this movement. The mainshock involved movement of the entire southern flank of K\u012blauea on the basal detachment at an estimated depth of 9 kilometers (5.6\u00a0mi), and was probably triggered by the earlier event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 46], "content_span": [47, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024640-0005-0000", "contents": "1868 Hawaii earthquake, Background, Earthquake\nThe aftershock sequence has continued for over 140 years until the present day. The aftershock frequency fits a modified Omori (power law) for the first few decades and an exponential function thereafter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 46], "content_span": [47, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024640-0006-0000", "contents": "1868 Hawaii earthquake, Damage\nWooden houses were knocked off their foundations in Kea\u012bwa, Punalu\u02bbu Beach and N\u012bnole, while thatched houses supported by posts in the same areas were torn to shreds. The earthquake demolished nearly every stone wall and house within the Ka\u02bb\u016b district in an instant. At Wai\u02bb\u014dhinu, a large stone church built by Reverend John D. Paris collapsed, and in Hilo the shaking destroyed the few stone buildings and most walls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024640-0007-0000", "contents": "1868 Hawaii earthquake, Damage, Tsunami\nA tsunami was caused by coastal subsidence associated with reactivation of the Hilina slump, triggered by the earthquake. At Kapapala the land subsided by as much as 2\u00a0m and formerly dry land was flooded to a depth of 1.5 m.The tsunami on the Ka\u02bb\u016b and Puna coasts caused major destruction at Honuapo, Keauhou and Punalu\u02bbu. The greatest damage was caused at Keauhou, where a wave height of 12\u201315\u00a0m was reported. All houses and warehouses were destroyed and 46 people were drowned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024640-0008-0000", "contents": "1868 Hawaii earthquake, Damage, Landslides\nThe earthquake triggered landslides over a wide area. The largest was a mudslide 3\u00a0km wide and 9\u00a0m thick, that swept down the flanks of Mauna Loa at Kapapala. It swept away trees, animals and people, causing 31 fatalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024640-0009-0000", "contents": "1868 Hawaii earthquake, Effect on volcanic eruptions\nK\u012blauea was the most affected by the lateral displacement associated with the earthquake, as it did not have another major eruption until 1919. It also disrupted the magma system beneath Mauna Loa, as is shown both in reduced lava volumes and an abrupt change in the lava chemistry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 52], "content_span": [53, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024641-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Hayward earthquake\nThe 1868 Hayward earthquake occurred in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States on October 21. With an estimated moment magnitude of 6.3\u20136.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), it was the most recent large earthquake to occur on the Hayward Fault Zone. It caused significant damage and a number of deaths throughout the region, and was known as the \"Great San Francisco earthquake\" prior to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024641-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Hayward earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake occurred at 7:53\u00a0a.m. on October 21, 1868. Its epicenter was likely located near Hayward, California, and its magnitude has been estimated to have been 6.3\u20136.7 on the moment magnitude scale. At the surface, ground rupture was traced for 20 miles (32\u00a0km), from San Leandro to what is now the Warm Springs District in Fremont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024641-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Hayward earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nThe town of Hayward experienced the most damage, with nearly every building destroyed or significantly damaged in the earthquake. The Alameda County Courthouse in San Leandro was destroyed, which resulted in the re-location of the County Seat to Oakland, its current site. The adobe chapel of Mission San Jos\u00e9 in what is now Fremont was also destroyed, as were several buildings in San Jose, San Francisco and throughout Alameda County. Damage was reported from Santa Rosa in the north to Gilroy and Santa Cruz in the south. Thirty deaths were attributed to the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024641-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 Hayward earthquake, Earthquake, Intensity\nThe United States Geological Survey estimates that Hayward experienced shaking measuring IX (Violent) on the modified Mercalli scale. San Leandro experienced shaking measuring VIII (Severe), while San Francisco and Oakland experienced shaking measuring VII (Very strong).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024642-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Illinois gubernatorial election\nThe 1868 Illinois gubernatorial election was the fourteenth election for this office. Republican nominee, John M. Palmer defeated the Democratic nominee John R. Eden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024642-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Illinois gubernatorial election\nAt this time in Illinois history, the Lieutenant Governor was elected on a separate ballot from the governor. This would remain so until the 1970 constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024643-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Indiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1868 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on October 13, 1868. Incumbent Republican Conrad Baker defeated Democratic nominee Thomas A. Hendricks with 50.14% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024644-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Kirkcudbrightshire by-election\nThe Kirkcudbrightshire by-election of 1868 was an uncontested election held on 30 January 1868. The by-election was brought about due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, James Mackie. It was won by the Liberal candidate Wellwood Herries Maxwell, who stood unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024645-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Leichhardt colonial by-election\nThe Leichhardt colonial by-election, 1868 was a by-election held on 29 June 1868 in the electoral district of Leichhardt for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024645-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Leichhardt colonial by-election, History\nOn 11 May 1868, Edmund Royds, the member for Leichhardt, resigned. Edmund's brother, Charles Royds, won the resulting by-election on 29 June 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024646-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Liverpool Town Council election\nElections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Monday 2 November 1868. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024646-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Liverpool Town Council election, Election result\nBecause of the large number of uncontested seats, these statistics should be taken in that context.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024646-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Liverpool Town Council election, Aldermanic Elections\nAt the meeting of the Council on 9 November 1868, the terms of office of eight alderman expired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024646-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 Liverpool Town Council election, Aldermanic Elections\nThe following eight were elected as Aldermen by the Council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 9 November 1868 for a term of six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024646-0004-0000", "contents": "1868 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 3, Vauxhall,\nCaused by the election of Councillor Thomas Rigby (Conservative, Vauxhall, elected 1 November 1867) as an Alderman on 9 November 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 68], "content_span": [69, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024646-0005-0000", "contents": "1868 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 12, Lime Street,\nFollowing the death of Councillor William Bottomley Bairstow (Liberal, Lime Street, elected 2nd November 1868) which was reported to the Council on 6 January 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 72], "content_span": [73, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024646-0006-0000", "contents": "1868 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 5, Exchange,\nThe death of alderman Joseph Cooper J.P. Was reported to the Council on 10 February 1869. Councillor James Tyrer (Conservative, elected for the Exchange ward on 1 November 1867) was elected as an alderman by the Council on 17 February 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 68], "content_span": [69, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024646-0007-0000", "contents": "1868 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 15, South Toxteth,\nThe death of Councillor William Cowley Miller (Liberal, elected for the South Toxteth ward on 1 November 1866) was reported to the Council on 2 June 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024647-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 London University by-election\nThe London University by-election of 1868 was held on 21 December 1868. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, Robert Lowe, becoming Chancellor of the Exchequer. It was retained by Lowe who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024648-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Louisiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1868 Louisiana gubernatorial election was the first election to take place under the Louisiana Constitution of 1868. As a result of this election Henry C. Warmoth was elected Governor of Louisiana. At age 26 he was the youngest governor in the state's history. The result was a lop-sided result for Warmoth because of the Republican Party's overwhelming support amongst the freedmen who were the voting majority in the state at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024649-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Lyttelton by-election\nThe 1868 Lyttelton by-election was a by-election held on 2 November 1868 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of Lyttelton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024649-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Lyttelton by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent MP George Macfarlan; he had been elected by the 1867 Lyttelton by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024649-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Lyttelton by-election\nThe by-election was won by John Thomas Peacock. As there were no other candidates, he was declared duly elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024650-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1868 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 14, 1868. Incumbent Republican Governor and war hero Joshua Chamberlain defeated the Democratic candidate Eben F. Pillsbury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024650-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Maine gubernatorial election, General election, Results\nChamberlain won reelection to a third term, and won a majority of 19,316 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024651-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1868 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024651-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nGovernor Alexander Bullock did not run for re-election to a fourth term. William Clafin was elected to succeed him over Democrat John Quincy Adams II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024651-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Results\nAt the Worcester convention on September 9, Benjamin F. Butler withdrew Loring's name from contention and Claflin was nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 73], "content_span": [74, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024652-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 89th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1868 during the governorship of Republican Alexander Bullock. George O. Brastow served as president of the Senate and Harvey Jewell served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024653-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1868 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1868. Republican nominee Henry P. Baldwin defeated Democratic nominee John Moore with 56.65% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024654-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Missouri gubernatorial election\nThe 1868 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1868 and resulted in a victory for the Republican nominee, Congressman Joseph W. McClurg, over Democratic nominee former Congressman John S. Phelps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024654-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Missouri gubernatorial election\nThis was the first election a governor was elected to a 2-year term, instead of 4 years. Missouri would return to electing its governors to 4-year terms in 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024655-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 New Jersey gubernatorial election\nThe 1868 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1868. Democratic nominee Theodore Fitz Randolph defeated Republican nominee John Insley Blair with 51.42% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024656-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 New York state election\nThe 1868 New York state election was held on November 3, 1868, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a Canal Commissioner, an Inspector of State Prisons and the Clerk of the Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024656-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on July 8 at Syracuse, New York. Henry Smith was Temporary Chairman until the choice of John Cochrane as president. John A. Griswold was nominated for governor on the first ballot (vote: Griswold 247, Horace Greeley 95, Stewart L. Woodford 36). Alonzo B. Cornell was nominated for lieutenant governor on the first ballot (vote: Cornell 219, Augustus Frank 88, Franz Sigel 6). Alexander Barkley for Canal Commissioner, the incumbent Prison Inspector Henry A. Barnum, and Campbell H. Young for Clerk of the Court of Appeals, were nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024656-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on September 2 and 3 at Tweddle Hall in Albany, New York. H. O. Cheesbro was temporary chairman until the choice of Robert Earl as president. Mayor of New York City John T. Hoffman, the Democratic candidate of 1866, was nominated again for governor by acclamation. Allen C. Beach was nominated for lieutenant governor after an informal ballot (vote: Beach 68, Albert P. Lanning 47, William J. Averill 9, S. T. Ahnot 1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024656-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 New York state election, History\nA German Democratic state convention met on September 2 at Schreiber's Hotel in Albany, New York with Henry Clausenger as president, and endorsed the nomination of John T. Hoffman for governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024656-0004-0000", "contents": "1868 New York state election, Result\n75 Republicans and 53 Democrats were elected for the session of 1869 to the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024656-0005-0000", "contents": "1868 New York state election, Result\nThis was the last time the Clerk of the Court of Appeals was elected. At this time, the term was three years, and the next election of the Clerk would occur in 1871, but in 1870 the Court of Appeals was re-organized and the office became appointive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024657-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 North Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1868 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on April 21, 1868. Republican nominee William Woods Holden defeated Democratic nominee Thomas Samuel Ashe with 55.49% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024658-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 North Carolina railroad bonds scandal\nThe 1868-1869 North Carolina railroad bonds scandal took place in North Carolina after Milton S. Littlefield and George W. Swepson defrauded North Carolina of $4 million by issuing fraudulent bonds for a railroad project.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024658-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 North Carolina railroad bonds scandal, Summary\nIn the state of North Carolina during the Reconstruction era of the United States, railroad bonds were often issued by Republican legislators. Littlefield, who bought into the bonds, soon defrauded the state of North Carolina, causing a scandal between him and Swepson, described by some as being \"rascals\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024658-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 North Carolina railroad bonds scandal, Impact\nThe scandal most likely hurt the government of North Carolina more than any other party. The state's railroad development from the bonds issued stagnated until the year 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 50], "content_span": [51, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024659-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Northumberland colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Northumberland on 1868 because Atkinson Tighe had been appointed Postmaster-General in the second Martin ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024659-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Northumberland colonial by-election\nAlexander Black was a former Crown Lands Commissioner, the brother of John Black, the former Secretary for Lands. He campaigned against an unpopular government. This was the first occasion on which he stood for parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024660-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Norwegian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Norway in 1868. As political parties were not officially established until 1884, all those elected were independents. Voter turnout was 47.6%, although only 4.7% of the country's population was eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024661-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Omata by-election\nThe 1868 Omata by-election was a by-election held  on 7 February in the Omata electorate in Taranaki during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024661-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Omata by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Arthur Atkinson in 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024661-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Omata by-election\nBrown was the only nomination, so was declared elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024662-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Open Championship\nThe 1868 Open Championship was the ninth Open Championship and was held on 23 September at Prestwick Golf Club. Tom Morris, Jr. won the championship for the first time, by three shots from his father Tom Morris, Sr.. Tom Morris, Jr. was just 17 years old and remains the youngest Open Championship winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024662-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Open Championship\nTom Morris, Jr. lead after the first round with a score of 51. Robert Andrew was in second place on 53 with John Allan and Tom Morris, Sr. tied for third on 54. Tom Morris, Sr. and Willie Park, Sr. both scored 50 in their second rounds. This gave Tom Morris, Sr. a one stroke lead over his son. Tom Morris, Jr. then scored  49 in his final round for a total of 154. His father finished second, three shots behind with Robert Andrew third, a further two strokes behind. 154 was a new record for the Open Championship, the old record having been 162, set by Andrew Strath in 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024662-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Open Championship, Final leaderboard\nOther sources give Tom Morris, Sr. a total of 155 and Willie Dow a score of 180.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024663-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Oxford by-election\nThe Oxford by-election of 1868 was fought on 22 December 1868. The by-election was fought due to the incumbent Liberal, Edward Cardwell, becoming Secretary of State for War. It was retained by Cardwell who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024664-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Philadelphia mayoral election\nThe Philadelphia mayoral election of 1868 saw the election of Daniel M. Fox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024664-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Philadelphia mayoral election\nThe margin of the election was close, and the results were contested and resolved in court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024665-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Picton by-election\nThe 1868 Picton by-election was a by-election held on 11 June 1868 in the Picton electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024665-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Picton by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Adams on 10 May 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024665-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Picton by-election\nThe by-election was won by Courtney Kenny. As no other candidates were nominated, he was declared duly elected. Dr Sickler (or Sickles), described as a \"foreign resident\" and the nominee of the Superintendent, William Henry Eyes) had retired from the contest, and John Godfrey \"who appears to be a local political firebrand, unceasingly moving and restlessly scheming\" had apparently not been nominated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024666-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Plymouth by-election\nThe Plymouth by-election of 1868 was fought on 21 December 1868. The by-election was fought due to the incumbent Liberal MP, Sir Robert Porrett Collier, becoming Attorney General for England and Wales. It was retained by Collier who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024667-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Pontefract by-election\nThe Pontefract by-election of 1868 was held on 21 December 1868. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, Hugh Childers, becoming First Lord of the Admiralty. It was retained by Childers who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024668-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 22 March and 12 April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024669-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Queensland colonial election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Queensland between 14 September 1868 and 6 October 1868 to elect the members of the state's Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024669-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Queensland colonial election, Key dates\nDue to problems of distance and communications, it was not possible to hold the elections on a single day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024670-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Rangitikei by-election\nThe 1868 Rangitikei by-election was a by-election held on 22 June 1868 in the Rangitikei electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024670-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Rangitikei by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Hogg Watt on 15 June 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024670-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Rangitikei by-election\nThe by-election was won by William Fox. As no other candidates were nominated, he was declared duly elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024671-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Republican National Convention\nThe 1868 Republican National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States was held in Crosby's Opera House, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, on May 20 to May 21, 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024671-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Republican National Convention\nCommanding General of the U.S. Army Ulysses S. Grant was the unanimous choice of the Republicans for president. At the convention he was unopposed and chosen by acclamation on the first ballot. For vice president the delegates chose Speaker Schuyler Colfax, who was Grant's choice. In Grant's acceptance telegram he said \"Let us have peace\", which captured the imagination of the American people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024672-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Ripon by-election\nThe Ripon by-election of 1868 was held on 21 December 1868. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, John Hay, becoming Junior Naval Lord. It was retained by Hay who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election\nElections for the Senate were held in Romania on July 7\u201311 (New Style: July 19\u201323), 1868. They were called by Prime Minister Nicolae Golescu to strengthen his majority in the 1867 legislature, and, although party affiliations remain unclear, ensured a victory for Golescu and the various liberal-radical factions (or \"Reds\"). The snap election followed standoffs between Senate and the Assembly of Deputies, in particular one over the issue of constructing a Romanian railways system. It also came after major disagreements between \"Red\" politicians and the Free and Independent Faction, which had previously backed Golescu, before moving closer to the center.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election\nConservative voters (the \"Whites\") were reportedly taken by surprise, and the election, like many others of the period, was marred by malpractices favoring government. The resulting Senate was overall \"reddish\" or \"pink\", combining a majority of \"Reds\" and their occasional allies. Despite general defeat, various leading figures of the opposition, including Nicolae Ionescu, Gheorghe Costaforu, and Ioan Manu, managed reelection. Campaigning was prolonged by some by-elections for the Assembly, with Ilfov and several other counties still voting on July 13\u201315 (July 25\u201327).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election\nThe period witnessed new developments in the long crisis over the issue of Jewish emancipation, with its regular outbursts of antisemitic violence at Bac\u0103u and elsewhere. It also brought the early stages of the Strousberg Affair, and diplomatic incidents related to Bulgarian revolutionary activity on Romanian soil, including Hadzhi Dimitar's conspiracy at Pietro\u0219ani. Despite helping to consolidate executive power, the election, which had remarkably low voter presence, could not tackle these obstacles. Government was also weakened by diplomatic intrigues\u2014the Ottoman Empire, Romania's suzerain power, resented its radicalism, as did the French Empire, Austria-Hungary, and eventually Prussia. Some four months after his victory, Golescu resigned to be replaced by the \"White\" Dimitrie Ghica, who overturned the liberal majority in the elections of March 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 894]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Context, Early clashes\nThe 1866 Constitution had consolidated the \"United Principalities\" into a centralized monarchy, ruled by Domnitor Carol of Hohenzollern. Nevertheless, political life remained troubled, with government instability and passionate disputes about the proposed emancipation of Romanian Jews. With support from the Domnitor, \"Red\" liberal factions, holding a slim plurality in the Assembly, had fused into a \"Concordia Agreement\". Also backed by the antisemitic Free and Independent Faction, it came to power with Constantin A. Cre\u021bulescu, but created an international scandal by endorsing the eviction of Jewish \"vagabonds\" from the countryside. This affair was engineered by the Interior Minister, Ion Br\u0103tianu. Although in and out of office during that period, he was, by various accounts, a behind-the-scenes leader of the executive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 885]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0004-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Context, Early clashes\nThis \"Red\" consolidation was viewed with displeasure in the French Empire, where Br\u0103tianu was remembered chiefly for his youthful involvement with a political conspirator and regicide, Giuseppe Marco Fieschi. Early 1868 came with a noticeable strain in Franco\u2013Romanian relations, with French officials suspecting that Carol and Br\u0103tianu were seeking to create a secret alliance with Prussia and the Russian Empire. This was partly validated when Carol sent Ioan C. Cantacuzino and Melchisedec \u0218tef\u0103nescu to Saint Petersburg, where they negotiated an end to the privileged status of Russian citizens on Romanian soil\u2014and, in effect, the recognition of Romania as self-governed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0004-0001", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Context, Early clashes\nDelaporte, the French consul in Ia\u0219i, alleged in January 1868 that Br\u0103tianu exercised a hypnotic power on the Domnitor, but also that the \"Reds\" and the Romanian Freemasonry had an ultimate plan to topple the monarchy altogether. In reality, the monarch was pursuing his own foreign policy, which implied ending Romania's subservience toward the Ottoman Empire and establishing a Balkan Federation of \"Christian states\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0005-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Context, Early clashes\nA reshuffled Concordia government, headed by \u0218tefan Golescu, organized general elections in late 1867. These were widely believed to have been manipulated by government through intimidation and fraud, and as such a pattern for the following elections. Although the \"Reds\" had overall control of Parliament, splits and disputes continued to present obstacles: in the Assembly, the Factionalists proposed a radically antisemitic bill that was only defeated with support from moderate \"Reds\"; at the time, the Prime Minister was under foreign pressure to limit antisemitic excesses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0005-0001", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Context, Early clashes\nHaving supported the expulsion of Jews from the countryside, and still embracing generic economic antisemitism, Br\u0103tianu backed down to some extent, noting that the Factionalists were being excessive, \"inhumane and un-Romanian\". However, he also continued tolerate the expulsions of Jews by his subordinate Gheorghe Lecca, with antisemitic incidents concentrated in places such as B\u00e2rlad and Bac\u0103u.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0006-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Context, Early clashes\nBy then, the Concordia alliance was under strain, with the Factionalists, who were centered in Western Moldavia, pressuring government to inaugurate a working Court of Cassation at Foc\u0219ani. Visiting Bac\u0103u and Ia\u0219i to canvass among the local liberals and thus create a moderate alliance, Br\u0103tianu was met by a riotous mob of Factionalist voters. The continued discrimination against Jews also became a rally point for some conservatives (or \"Whites\"), including Vaslui deputy Petre P. Carp, who had a number of public disputes with the Interior Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0006-0001", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Context, Early clashes\nDespite their differences on the issue of emancipation, it became apparent that the \"Whites\", mostly aristocratic \"boyars\", were reaching out to the middle-class Factionalists, united in their rejection of \"Red\" liberalism. Factionalist deputies (including Alexandru Gheorghiu, Alecu D. Holban, Ioan Negur\u0103, and Ianache Lecca) attacked government at the same time as Carp, citing concerns about limitations on press freedom. The left-leaning humorist Nicor satirized this alliance by claiming that the Factionalist senator Nicolae Ionescu was trying to pass for a \"boyar\" or \"young lord\", \"avoiding democracy like the plague.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0007-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Context, General Golescu's ascendancy\nFollowing the international backlash after particularly violent antisemitic activities in Bac\u0103u, the Prime Minister resigned, officially because of illness. Leadership of the cabinet was assigned to General Nicolae Golescu, his brother, who was even more of a moderate. When General Golescu apologized to European governments for the intolerance cultivated in earlier years, the Faction began voting with the opposition, and the majority was again undermined; this weakening continued as centrist \"Reds\" began demanding that Br\u0103tianu and his radicals be shuffled out of Golescu's cabinet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0007-0001", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Context, General Golescu's ascendancy\nNevertheless, moderation greatly improved Romania's standing in Europe, and, although still an Ottoman vassal, she came to be treated as a nation-state by Prussia, Russia, and Austria-Hungary. After having been highly critical of Romania's stance on Jewish migration, France was also coming to show signs of leniency: in March 1868 Delaporte contended that Jews had a monopoly on all trade in Moldavia, and therefore that economic antisemitism was justified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0008-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Context, General Golescu's ascendancy\nDuring the same months, however, a scandal erupted over revelations that Golescu may have been backing a Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee (BRCK) to foment anti-Ottoman revolts in the Danube Vilayet. The allegations were received with concern in France, were Lionel de Moustier, the Foreign Minister, asked Romanians to report on the issue. The matter was taken up in Parliament by Carp, in clashes with Br\u0103tianu, where the junior deputy issued warnings about the consolidation of Pan-Slavism around Romania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0008-0001", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Context, General Golescu's ascendancy\nThe Assembly eventually followed the minister's explanation, voting to reject Carp's accusations as false; the liberal press followed suit, claiming that Carp was using the \"Bulgarian bands\" issue and the \"Israelite question\" to filibuster. However, in April\u2013May, news of antisemitic repression gave Factionalists in the Senate an opportunity to demand that government present its diplomatic correspondence for senatorial review. This request erupted into a conflict between Assembly and Senate, with the former controlled by the \"Reds\" and Br\u0103tianu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0009-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Context, General Golescu's ascendancy\nMuch debate between the two houses involved concession awarded by government for the creation of a Romanian railways system, with Senate questioning the details of such grants. The incipient scandal, or \"Strousberg Affair\", began on May 16 (New Style: May 28), when rapporteur Constantin Hurmuzachi pleaded for subcontracting to the Prussian venture capitalists, Bethel Strousberg and Abraham Oppenheim.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0009-0001", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Context, General Golescu's ascendancy\nAccording to Nicor, the Assembly had a vested interest: \"the deputies, as men of the people, with few means at their disposal, [wanted] something to take them from the provinces to the capital and vice versa, [...] whereas Senate, made up of bigwigs, fat cats with incomes of no less than 800 ducats, people of inspired pockets, most of them owners of coaches and postilions in bandit clothes, wanted to censure the rabble's taste for traveling and pulled off that blunder that was heard around the country.\" The liberals at Rom\u00e2nul also described Senate as obstructionist and driven by \"personal interest\", \"putting the nation at risk of having no railways.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0010-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Campaign\nThe dispute then turned to different readings of the Constitution: following a literal interpretation and breaking with established procedure, Senate asked to be involved in the passing of financial regulation. Conservative senators also attacked General Golescu for tolerating new antisemitic incidents which threatened to upset diplomatic gains; meanwhile, in the Assembly, Panait Donici tried to push through a new law banning Jews from commercial life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0010-0001", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Campaign\nOn May 31 (June 12), an alliance of Factionalist and \"White\" senators drafted a motion of no confidence; of the 54 elected and ex officio members present for that session, 32 voted in favor, 8 against, and 14 abstained. Assembly deputies reacted and, on July 1 (July 13), vetoed the motion, returning advantage to the \"Reds\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0011-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Campaign\nTwo days later, Domnitor Carol took notice that government had the deputies' confidence, and proceeded to dissolve the upper chamber. Upon leaving the session, outgoing legislators were followed and booed by a group of \"Reds\" recruited from the lower classes of Bucharest. Elections for a new Senate were immediately called in by Golescu. In his circular letter to the prefectures, Br\u0103tianu argued that convening elections had been imperative, since the Assembly had been \"dealt a blow in its prerogatives\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0011-0001", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Campaign\nAssembly and government, he argued, had the authority to dissolve Senate, preventing the state from \"descending into paralysis, if not indeed dissolution.\" The message was also carried by poet Dimitrie Bolintineanu, the liberal candidate in Ismail, who wrote to his voters that: \"Everything [should be] done for the country and nothing can be achieved without union and harmony between parties and government\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0012-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Campaign\nReportedly, the original interval for the election was July 3\u20135 (New Style: July 15\u201317), but these were postponed by 4 days. Officially, this was because several town halls had failed to register voters on such short notice. According to Nicor, cancellation was requested by the Commune of Bucharest, allowing the \"fathers of the city\" to sanitize the streets and thus hope to impress the voters. Nicor also argues that Golescu and Br\u0103tianu's pick of a dog-days schedule decreased the likelihood of \"Whites\" being elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0012-0001", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Campaign\nComparatively wealthier voters \"have this comfort of traveling abroad to relieve themselves of the boredom in these here parts\", while committed middle-class clients \"fell into somnolence.\" Reportedly, the trend had been noticed in advanced by conservative writer Cezar Bolliac, whose Trompetta Carpa\u021bilor urged \"boyars\" not to take their leave. Other conservative and Factionalist voices were more confident: the newspaper T\u00e9rra published a forecast that said \"just about every electoral college\" would vote against Golescu. Similarly, Dreptatea predicted that the government \"would be unable to exert any moral influence [on the electorate].\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0013-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Campaign\nThe campaign was not entirely uneventful, with a scandal over accusations of l\u00e8se-majest\u00e9 by the newspaper Strechia, and a deputation of Bucharest entrepreneurs asking Carol to uphold press freedoms. Campaigning became harsh in R\u00e2mnicu S\u0103rat County, where Alexandru Plagino, a conservative First-College candidate, accused the \"Reds\" of undignified attacks. Voting also coincided with a new alert over revolutionary activities in Romania. As \"all eyes were set on the election\", it was discovered that a Bulgarian Romanian cell, revolving around Hadzhi Dimitar and Stefan Karadzha, had prepared a military raid over the Danube from their base in Pietro\u0219ani. As revealed by later investigations, the BRCK had a secret covenant, the \"Sacred Coalition\", signed with members of the \"Red\" party elite\u2014including Grigore Serrurie and Eugeniu Carada. Such incidents sparked indignation in the conservative press, which saw its claim about Pan-Slavist subversion apparently confirmed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 1015]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0014-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Results\nAbsentee voters were a major problem: most precincts failed to produce 100 electors, and some also struggled to meet the 25 minimum required by law. Some seats were taken after complicated runoff procedures. At Ia\u0219i, Factionalist leader Nicolae Ionescu faced Filaret Scriban and won 35 votes to 34, with an additional blank vote between them. The issue was settled during a token repeat vote, confirming Ionescu's victory only because Scriban's voters had left the hall in-between rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0014-0001", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Results\nSimilarly, the Senate seat assigned to the University of Bucharest, widely believed to be a secure win for the liberal Constantin Bosianu, remained vacant, with most teaching staff absent for the vote. Some, including incumbent senator Alexandru Or\u0103scu, reportedly abstained on purpose. The University of Ia\u0219i seat went to \u0218tefan Micle after another postponed election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0015-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Results\nThe overall tally of votes for each competing camp is hard to assess, due to the intermittent custom of presenting senators as independent of party politics. Disputes raged at the time about Golescu's decision to designate his \"government candidates\", in defiance of established practice. This allowed some tallies to be published after, and even during, the election. Rom\u00e2nul of July 22 counted 4 of 33 Second College senators as belonging to the old \"White\" and Factionalist opposition, decisively \"a condemnation of how the old Senators had handled themselves.\" Of the 29 pro-government victors, 28 had \"Red\" credentials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0015-0001", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Results\nIn neighboring Austria-Hungary, the Romanian-language newspaper Telegrafulu Romanu noted during the late stages of the tally that, in the Second College, \"of 33 senators only 10 are old ones\" (as in: incumbents or senior senators); in the First College, \"it would appear [...] that incumbents from the previous senate are in the minority.\" The few solid wins for the \"Whites\" included Ilfov's First College, which went to the arch-conservative Ioan Manu. He defeated Nicolae Nicolescu 39 votes to 8 (other counts have 38 to 10).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0016-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Results\nOn July 23, shortly before reporting on the Bulgarians' defeat by the Ottoman Army at Ruschuk, Havas announced that: \"The Senate elections, in the first college, have favored the government. Despite the reelection of opposition doyens, the Senate majority was taken by government.\" The political majority for both Colleges was somewhat established deductively: on July 26, Telegrafulu indicated that the majority was yet to be determined, while commenting that political parties in Romania were overall \"useless\", even counterproductive for tackling the economic and social hurdles faced by a young country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0016-0001", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Results\nHowever, a day later, Havas reported that \"three quarters of the candidates elected favor the current government.\" Nicor noted with satisfaction that the new Senate was \"if not scarlet red, then at least reddish or pink.\" Historian Silvia Marton also writes that \"radical liberals\" had a \"wide majority\". The near-complete list of senators, carried in the daily press of mid and late July, appeared as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0017-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Aftermath\nImmediately after the Senate election, \u0218tefan Golescu resigned from his Assembly seat in Ilfov's Second College (including Bucharest). Registered voters were asked to meet for by-elections in Ghica Square in the evening of July 13 (July 25), a date again postponed for the morning of July 14 (26). They ended up electing the entrepreneur Matache Atanasiu, while a similar election for the Second College of V\u00e2lcea went to Dumitru Filip. Deputy elections also took place for the Third Colleges of Covurlui and Mehedin\u021bi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0017-0001", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Aftermath\nThe results were still being tabulated as the cabinet was facing Ottoman scrutiny over its complicity in the Pietro\u0219ani affair. After defeating the BRCK, Mehmed Sabri Pasha pressed Bucharest to answer specific questions about how the invasion could take place. An anonymous report, carried by various French newspapers, noted that there was a \"certain affectation\" in how General Golescu responded to Sabri's demands, and claimed that Romanian authorities had created the incident, then the BRCK's repression, precisely to convince Europe that they did not approve of Pan-Slavism. Investigation into the issue continued during August, by which time Panait Costache, the Bulgarian Mayor of Bucharest, \"was accused by one of the local families of having played a very active part in organizing and arming Bulgarian bands\"; Costache dismissed the claim as libel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 900]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0018-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Aftermath\nReturning from vacation with its solidified \"Red\" majority, Parliament resumed work with extraordinary sessions on September 2 (September 14), 1868. This reopening took place at the same time as the spread of rumors about 330 Bulgarian revolutionaries crossing over into Ottoman territory\u2014dismissed by the authorities as \"pure invention\". Four days later, Senate had verified the tallies and mandates in most precincts, validating senators; \u0218tefan Golescu was voted Senate Chairman. With Gheorghe Miller as rapporteur, it also proceeded to debate and vote on railway concessions, validating the Assembly verdict: 39 senators voted in favor, 5 against, with only one abstention (Plagino).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0018-0001", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Aftermath\nThis vote was again mired by controversy, as four \"members of the old majority\"\u2014Ionescu, Plagino, Gheorghe Costaforu and Christian Tell\u2014apparently conspired to filibuster, including by bringing up issues related to the July campaign; Ionescu also insisted that the Assembly was driving the country bankrupt, and urged his colleagues to take lessons in political economy. Ordinary activity only resumed for both chambers on November 15 (November 27), five days after work officially started on Strousberg's Bucharest\u2014Gala\u021bi railway line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0019-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Aftermath\nDespite such consolidation, internationally and locally the government was still weak. During the parliamentary vacation, Agenor de Gramont was instructed by France's government to meet with Alexandru Ioan Cuza, the exiled former Domnitor, and discuss his potential return on the throne in Bucharest. Br\u0103tianu was still disliked abroad, for both his antisemitic past and his new endeavors, including overtures to Prussia which angered France; at home, Carol was becoming unsure of his minister's competence. On September 21 (October 3), an antisemitic mob, tacitly supported by Romanian Police, ransacked Jewish property in Gala\u021bi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0019-0001", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Aftermath\nThe affair ended with government deposing the local head of police and compensating the victims. Meanwhile, Golescu's celebration of Romanian nationalism proved encouraging for the Romanian communities in Austria-Hungary, which threatened the empire's survival. The Prime Minister of Hungary, Gyula Andr\u00e1ssy, openly asked Prussia to censure the Domnitor, or risk an alliance between Austria-Hungary and France. A French envoy to Romania, Paul Lamy, was also adamant that Carol and his government were equally involved in the conspiracy to arm the BRCK, and that Carol was using his connections in Prussia for this very purpose. In November, Carol and his Prime Minister attempted to quell diplomatic protests by visiting Sabri Pasha at his residence in Ruschuk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 802]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0020-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Aftermath\nThis show of loyalty failed to convince the European powers, with Prussia joining in to ask for Golescu's ouster. Later that month, as Senate was again returning to work, and having been notified of the Domnitor's opposition, General Golescu resigned, then replaced his brother as the Senate leader; Br\u0103tianu was elected Assembly President. \"White\" leader Dimitrie Ghica took over government, and inaugurated a longer interval of conservative rule, with backing from Concordia defector Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu. According to some accounts, there was a brief stalemate between the two camps, but only because Br\u0103tianu expected to be returned into office. In November, Ghica reassured the Ottoman government of its \"loyalty and conciliatory intent\", moving in to punish \"Red\" dissenters such as General Alexandru D. Macedonski, and calling for new elections in March 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 906]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024673-0021-0000", "contents": "1868 Romanian Senate election, Aftermath\nCelebrated by Cezar Bolliac as a \"constructive coalition\", the new cabinet announced that it would punish antisemitic outbursts, but also that it would uproot \"Jewish colonies\" in Romania. This stance was backed over the following months by a new string of expulsions and the official censure of Jewish self-help organizations, including assimilated bodies. Such overtures notwithstanding, and despite winning decisively in the March elections, \"cohabitation was impossible\" between \"Reds\" and \"Whites\"; Ghica became the radicals' \"hobbyhorse\". The Prime Minister was permanently contested from the left, and deplored the parliamentary situation as a \"war among brethren\". Marginalized \"Reds\", now frustrated by the Domnitor's rejection of their other policies, explored conspiratorial ventures\u2014leading, in 1870, to the short and bloodless rebellion known as \"Republic of Ploie\u0219ti\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 923]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024674-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 South Australian colonial election\nColonial elections were held in South Australia from 6 April to 7 May 1868. All 36 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024674-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 South Australian colonial election\nSince the inaugural 1857 election, no parties or stable groupings had been formed, which resulted in frequent changes of the Premier. If for any reason the incumbent Premier of South Australia lost sufficient support through a successful motion of no confidence at any time on the floor of the house, he would tender his resignation to the Governor of South Australia, which would result in interested members declaring their intent to run for the vacant position. A parliamentary ballot would then take place, resulting in the member with the most votes being sworn in by the Governor as the next Premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024674-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 South Australian colonial election\nInformal groupings began and increased government stability occurred from the 1887 election. The United Labor Party would be formed in 1891, while the National Defence League would be formed later in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024675-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1868 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held for three days from April 14 to April 16, 1868 to select the governor of South Carolina. The election for statewide offices was held simultaneously with the vote on the South Carolina Constitution of 1868. Robert Kingston Scott won the election largely by the support of the newly franchised black voters and became the 74th governor of South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024675-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign\nThe Republican Party was formed in South Carolina in 1867 to contest the elections of 1868. Members were chiefly composed of former slaves, and much of their support was derived from the Union League. They nominated Robert Kingston Scott, an Ohioan and assistant commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau, as their nominee for governor. The platform of the state Republican party for the election was to enact Radical Republican reconstruction of the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024675-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign\nReorganizing for the election were the Democrats who had not been active in state politics since the Civil War. They nominated William D. Porter for governor, although he declined the nomination and instead pressed for the voters to simply vote against the constitution. Nonetheless, he remained a Democratic candidate on the ballot. The Democratic platform for the election called for maintaining a policy of white supremacy and disapproval of the Constitution of 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024675-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held for three days from April 14 to April 16, 1868 and Robert Kingston Scott was elected as the first Republican governor of South Carolina. The huge vote by the blacks of the state enabled Scott to cruise to a comfortable win over the Democratic nominee, William Porter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024676-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Thersites\n1868 Thersites /\u03b8\u0259r\u02c8sa\u026ati\u02d0z/ is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 70 kilometers (43 miles) in diameter. Discovered during the Palomar\u2013Leiden survey at Palomar in 1960, it was later named after the warrior Thersites from Greek mythology. The presumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid belongs to the 50 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 10.48 hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024676-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Thersites, Discovery\nThersites was discovered on 24 September 1960, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Observatory in California. On the same day, the group discovered another Jupiter trojan, 1869 Philoctetes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 25], "content_span": [26, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024676-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Thersites, Discovery\nThe body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Palomar in March 1954, more than 6 years prior to its official discovery observation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 25], "content_span": [26, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024676-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 Thersites, Discovery, Palomar\u2013Leiden survey\nThe provisional survey designation \"P-L\" stands for Palomar\u2013Leiden, named after the Palomar and Leiden observatories, which collaborated on the fruitful Palomar\u2013Leiden survey in the 1960s and 1970s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope, also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope, and shipped the photographic plates to Cornelis and Ingrid van Houten at Leiden Observatory, where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand minor planets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 48], "content_span": [49, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024676-0004-0000", "contents": "1868 Thersites, Orbit and classification\nThersites is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the leading Greek camp at Jupiter's L4 Lagrangian point, 60\u00b0 ahead of the Gas Giant's orbit in a 1:1 resonance (see Trojans in astronomy). It is also a non-family asteroid in the Jovian background population. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.7\u20135.9\u00a0AU once every 12 years and 3 months (4,478 days; semi-major axis of 5.32\u00a0AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 17\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 40], "content_span": [41, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024676-0005-0000", "contents": "1868 Thersites, Physical characteristics\nThe Trojan asteroid has been assumed to be a carbonaceous C-type asteroid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 40], "content_span": [41, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024676-0006-0000", "contents": "1868 Thersites, Physical characteristics, Rotation period\nIn July 1994, a first rotational lightcurve of Thersites was obtained from photometric observations by Italian astronomer Stefano Mottola using the former Dutch 0.9-metre Telescope at ESO's La Silla Observatory in northern Chile. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 10.416\u00b10.014 hours with a brightness variation of 0.14\u00b10.01 magnitude (U=2+). The best-rated lightcurve by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies from June 2016 gave a period of 10.48 hours and an amplitude of 0.27 magnitude (U=3-). Follow-up observation in 2017 gave a similar period of 10.412 hours (U=2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024676-0007-0000", "contents": "1868 Thersites, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nAccording to the space-based surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Thersites has a low albedo of 0.055 and measures 78.9 and 68.2 kilometers in diameter, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057, and calculates an intermediate diameter of 70.08 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 9.5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 61], "content_span": [62, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024676-0008-0000", "contents": "1868 Thersites, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nNote: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB () and from the LCDB () for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 61], "content_span": [62, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024676-0009-0000", "contents": "1868 Thersites, Naming\nThis minor planet was named from Greek mythology after Thersites, a Greek warrior who wanted to abandon Troy's siege during the Trojan War and head home. The given name also refers to the fact, that the asteroid was discovered farthest from the L4 Lagrangian point. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1975 (M.P.C. 3826).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024677-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Timaru by-election\nThe 1868 Timaru by-election was a by-election held on 20 November in the Timaru electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024677-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Timaru by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Alfred Cox through ill-health. He was replaced by Edward Stafford. As Stafford was the only candidate, he was declared elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024678-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Truro by-election\nThe Truro by-election of 1868 was held on 21 December 1868. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, John Cranch Walker Vivian, becoming Lord Commissioner of the Treasury. It was won by Vivian who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024679-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United Kingdom general election\nThe 1868 United Kingdom general election was the first after passage of the Reform Act 1867, which enfranchised many male householders, thus greatly increasing the number of men who could vote in elections in the United Kingdom. It was the first election held in the United Kingdom in which more than a million votes were cast; nearly triple the number of votes were cast compared to the previous election of 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024679-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United Kingdom general election\nThe result saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, again increase their majority over Benjamin Disraeli's Conservatives (see 1865 election) to more than 100 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024679-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United Kingdom general election\nThis was the last general election at which all the seats were taken by only the two leading parties, although the parties at the time were loose coalitions and party affiliation was not listed on registration papers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024680-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nThe 1868 United Kingdom general election in Ireland resulted in the Liberals under Gladstone strengthening their control over Ireland, particularly the south. It was the first election following the Representation of the People (Ireland) Act 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024680-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nA key focus of the Liberal campaign was on their proposal to disestablish the Church of Ireland. The Church of Ireland's official role, as the Protestant national church of a Catholic majority country, had long proved controversial. The Tithe War of the 1830s had largely resulted in the abolition of tithes, which had been levied on Ireland's population (both Protestants and Catholics) to fund the Church of Ireland. Disestablishment was popular both in Ireland, and also amongst non-conformists and the Irish diaspora in Britain, particularly in the Celtic Fringe. This policy would be enacted following the election by the Irish Church Act 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024680-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nThe election marked the high-water point of the Liberals in Ireland, and within 17 years they would have no seats at all in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024680-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 United Kingdom general election in Ireland, Results\nNot included in the results is the University of Dublin constituency, which returned two Conservatives to parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024681-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1868 were elections for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 3, 1868. California's delegation remained at two Democrats and one Republican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024682-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida\nTwo elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in Florida in 1868, the first for the 40th Congress and the second for the 41st Congress", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024682-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background\nFlorida had been unrepresented in Congress since January 21, 1861, when its sole Representative and both Senators withdrew from Congress following the secession of Florida from the Union. Following the end of the Civil War, an election had been held in 1865, but it was rejected by Congress. In 1868, Congress readmitted Florida following Reconstruction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 76], "content_span": [77, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024682-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, May 5 election\nHamilton was seated on July 1, 1868, during the 2nd session of the 40th Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 80], "content_span": [81, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024683-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States elections\nThe 1868 United States elections was held on November 3, electing the members of the 41st United States Congress. The election took place during the Reconstruction Era, and many Southerners were barred from voting. This was the first election after the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, which protected the voting rights of all citizens regardless of race or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude. After this election but before the next election, delegations from Texas, Virginia, Mississippi, and Georgia were readmitted to Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024683-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States elections\nIn the presidential election, Republican General Ulysses S. Grant defeated Democratic former governor Horatio Seymour of New York. Incumbent President Andrew Johnson sought the 1868 Democratic nomination, but Seymour took the nomination after twenty two ballots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024683-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States elections\nDemocrats gained several seats in the House elections, but Republicans continued to maintain a commanding majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024683-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 United States elections\nIn the Senate elections, Republicans and Democrats both won seats, but Republicans maintained a huge majority in the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election\nThe 1868 United States presidential election was the 21st quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 3, 1868. In the first election of the Reconstruction Era, Republican nominee Ulysses S. Grant defeated Horatio Seymour of the Democratic Party. It was the first presidential election to take place after the conclusion of the American Civil War and the abolition of slavery. It was the first election in which African Americans could vote in the reconstructed Southern states, in accordance with the First Reconstruction Act.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election\nIncumbent president Andrew Johnson had succeeded to the presidency in 1865 following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, a Republican. Johnson, a War Democrat from Tennessee, had served as Lincoln's running mate in 1864 on the National Union ticket, which was designed to attract Republicans and War Democrats. Upon accession to office, Johnson clashed with the Republican Congress over Reconstruction policies and was impeached and nearly removed from office. Johnson received some support for another term at the 1868 Democratic National Convention, but, after several ballots, the convention nominated Seymour, who had formerly served as Governor of New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0001-0001", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election\nThe 1868 Republican National Convention unanimously nominated Grant, who had been the highest-ranking Union general at the end of the Civil War. The Democrats criticized the Republican Reconstruction policies, and \"campaigned explicitly on an anti-black, pro-white platform,\" while Republicans campaigned on Grant's popularity and the Union victory in the Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election\nGrant decisively won the electoral vote, but his margin was narrower in the popular vote. In addition to his appeal in the North, Grant benefited from votes among the newly enfranchised freedmen in the South, while the temporary political disfranchisement of many Southern whites helped Republican margins. As three of the former Confederate states (Texas, Mississippi, and Virginia) were not yet restored to the Union, their electors could not vote in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, Background\nReconstruction and civil rights of former slaves was a hotly debated issue in the Union. Grant supported the Reconstruction plans of the Radical Republicans in Congress, which favored the 14th Amendment, with full citizenship and civil rights for freedmen, including manhood suffrage. The Democratic platform condemned \"Negro supremacy\" and demanded a restoration of states' rights, including the right of southern states to determine for themselves whether to allow suffrage for adult freedmen. Republicans charged that Democrats were determined to deny any freedman the vote, regardless of fitness. Democrats charged that Republicans wanted to give all freedmen the vote, regardless of fitness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0004-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nBy 1868, the Republicans felt strong enough to drop the Union Party label, but wanted to nominate a popular hero for their presidential candidate. The Democratic Party controlled many large Northern states that had a great percentage of the electoral votes. General Ulysses S. Grant announced he was a Republican and was unanimously nominated on the first ballot as the party's standard-bearer at the Republican convention in Chicago, Illinois, held on May 20\u201321, 1868. House Speaker Schuyler Colfax, a Radical Republican from Indiana, was nominated for vice president on the sixth ballot, beating out the early favorite, Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0005-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nThe Republican platform supported black suffrage in the South as part of the passage to full citizenship for former slaves. It agreed to let northern states decide individually whether to enfranchise blacks. It opposed using greenbacks to redeem U.S. bonds, encouraged immigration, endorsed full rights for naturalized citizens, and favored Radical Reconstruction as distinct from the more lenient policy of President Andrew Johnson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0006-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nThe Democratic National Convention was held in New York City on July 4\u20139, 1868. The front-runner in the early balloting was George H. Pendleton, who led on the first 15 ballots, followed in varying order by incumbent president Andrew Johnson, Winfield Scott Hancock, Sanford Church, Asa Packer, Joel Parker, James E. English, James Rood Doolittle, and Thomas A. Hendricks. The unpopular Johnson, having narrowly survived impeachment, won 65 votes on the first ballot, less than one-third of the total necessary for nomination, and thus lost his bid for election as president in his own right.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0007-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nMeanwhile, the convention chairman Horatio Seymour, former governor of New York, received nine votes on the fourth ballot from the state of North Carolina. This unexpected move caused \"loud and enthusiastic cheering,\" but Seymour refused, saying,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0008-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nI must not be nominated by this Convention, as I could not accept the nomination if tendered. My own inclination prompted me to decline at the outset; my honor compels me to do so now. It is impossible, consistently with my position, to allow my name to be mentioned in this Convention against my protest. The clerk will proceed with the call.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0009-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nBy the seventh ballot Pendleton and Hendricks had emerged as the two front-runners, with Hancock the only other candidate with much support by this point. After numerous indecisive ballots, the names of John T. Hoffman, Francis P. Blair, and Stephen Johnson Field were placed in nomination, but none of these candidates gained substantial support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0010-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nFor 21 ballots, the opposing candidates battled it out: the East battling the West for control, the conservatives battling the radicals. Pendleton's support collapsed after the 15th ballot, but went to Hancock rather than Hendricks, leaving the convention still deadlocked. The two leading candidates were determined that the other should not receive the nomination; because of the two-thirds rule of the convention, a compromise candidate was needed. Seymour still hoped it would be Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, but on the 22nd ballot, the chairman of the Ohio delegation announced, \"at the unanimous request and demand of the delegation I place Horatio Seymour in nomination with 21 votes\u2014against his inclination, but no longer against his honor.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0011-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nSeymour had to wait for the rousing cheers to die down before he could address the delegates and decline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0012-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nI have no terms in which to tell of my regret that my name has been brought before this convention. God knows that my life and all that I value most in life I would give for the good of my country, which I believe to be identified with that of the Democratic party \u2026", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0013-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\n... but when I said that I could not be a candidate, I mean it! I could not receive the nomination without placing not only myself but the Democratic party in a false position. God bless you for your kindness to me, but your candidate I cannot be.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0014-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nSeymour left the platform to cool off and rest. No sooner had he left the hall than the Ohio chairman cried that his delegation would not accept Seymour's declination; Utah's chairman rose to say that Seymour was the man they had to have. While Seymour was waiting in the vestibule, the convention nominated him unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0015-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nExhausted, the delegates unanimously nominated General Francis Preston Blair, Jr., for vice president on the first ballot after John A. McClernand, Augustus C. Dodge, and Thomas Ewing, Jr., withdrew their names from consideration. Blair's nomination reflected a desire to balance the ticket east and west as well as north and south.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0016-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nBlair had worked hard for the Democratic nomination and accepted second place on the ticket, finding himself in controversy. He had gained attention for an inflammatory letter addressed to Colonel James O. Broadhead, dated a few days before the convention met, in which he wrote that the \"real and only issue in this contest was the overthrow of Reconstruction, as the radical Republicans had forced it in the South.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0017-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nThe 1868 campaign of Horatio Seymour versus Ulysses S. Grant was conducted vigorously, being fought out largely on the question of how Reconstruction should be conducted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0018-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nThe Republicans were fearful as late as October that they might be beaten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0019-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nGrant's antisemitic General Order No. 11 during the Civil War became a campaign issue. He apologized in a letter for the controversial order. In his army days he had traded at a local store operated by the Seligman brothers, two Jewish merchants who became Grant's lifelong friends. They became wealthy bankers who donated substantially to Grant's presidential campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0020-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nGrant took no part in the campaign and made no promises. The Republican campaign theme, \"Let us have peace,\" was taken from his letter of acceptance. After four years of civil war, three years of wrangling over Reconstruction, and the attempted impeachment of a president, the nation craved the peace Grant pledged to achieve.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0021-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nSeymour answered none of the charges made against him, but made a few key speeches. Some newspapers exaggerated his faults. As governor, Seymour had sent troops to Gettysburg, but some press tried to portray him as disloyal to the Union. The New York Tribune led the cartoon campaign with the picture of Seymour standing on the steps of the City Hall calling a mob of New York draft rioters \"my friends.\" The Hartford Post called him \"almost as much of a corpse\" as ex-President James Buchanan, who had just died. Additionally, Republicans alleged that insanity ran through the Seymour family, citing as evidence the suicide of his father.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0022-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nBlair went on a national speaking tour in which he framed the contest with Ulysses S. Grant and the pro-Reconstruction Republicans in stark racial terms, warning of the rule of \"a semi-barbarous race of blacks who are worshipers of fetishes and poligamists\" and wanted to \"subject the white women to their unbridled lust.\" Republicans advised Americans not to vote for Seymour, as Blair might succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0023-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nBlair had a reputation for outspokenness and his campaign speeches in 1868 attacked Radical Republicans. Samuel J. Tilden, a member of the national committee, asked Blair to confine his campaigning to Missouri and Illinois for fear he \"would hurt the ticket\" because of his stance on Reconstruction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0024-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nSeymour, who had not taken an active role in the campaign to this point, went into the canvass, seeking to steer the campaign away from the harshness of Blair's attacks on Radical Reconstruction. Seymour emphasized his idea that change in the South should be accomplished at the state level, without national interference. The Democrats campaigned for immediate restoration of all states, the \"regulation of the elective franchise in the states by their citizens\", and amnesty for past political offenses, while State civil authority should take precedence over military action. The president and the Supreme Court should be respected rather than attacked, as he claimed the Republicans had done. The Democrats would be careful to reorder national priorities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0025-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThe closeness of the popular vote surprised the political elite at the time. Republican Representative James G. Blaine called the slender popular majority for Grant \"a very startling fact.\" Blaine, an acute judge of popular sentiment, was at a loss to explain the size of the Democratic vote. Ethnic Irish Catholic and other immigrants had been settling in New York for nearly a quarter century. The narrow margins by which Seymour lost several of the northern states like Indiana, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania, and the effects of new black votes in the South provoked the suspicion that a majority of white men voted for Seymour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0026-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nDemocrats in the South had worked hard, but Republican regimes controlled the election machinery and carried every state there except Georgia and Louisiana, where Ku Klux Klan activity affected Republicans' ability to express their opinion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0027-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nAlong the border, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware went overwhelmingly Democratic, in Kentucky's case influenced by hostility toward the Radical Reconstructionists, which had led to the state's first postwar government being almost entirely composed of former Confederates. No Democratic presidential candidate before or since has attained a higher percentage of the vote in Kentucky or Maryland, where hostility toward black suffrage was very widespread. As for Delaware, only the Democratic tickets of Johnson/Humphrey in 1964 (which was elected with the largest percentage of the popular vote since 1824) and Obama/Biden in 2008 (which had the first Delawarean on a national ticket) carried the state with a larger percentage of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0028-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nTwo border states, Missouri and West Virginia, both under Republican control, gave their electoral votes to Grant. Seymour narrowly carried his home state of New York, but Blair, largely because of the Radicals' registry system, failed to carry Missouri. The Missouri Democrat exulted: \"General Blair is beaten in his ward, his city, his county and his State.\" In West Virginia, former Confederates were temporarily forbidden from voting or holding public office. It is estimated that 15,000 to 25,000 white residents were disfranchised as a result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0029-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nOf the 1,708 counties making returns, Grant won 991 (58.02%) and Seymour 713 (41.74%). Four counties (0.23%) split evenly between Grant and Seymour. Hence the Democrats, even with all the burdens of the war, still carried only 278 fewer counties than the Republicans. That cemented a solid party comeback at the grassroots level that had begun in local elections in 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0030-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThe 1868 election is the only election since the Civil War in which the two major party candidates won over 99.9% of the vote. Out of a total of over 5.7 million votes, just 46 ballots were cast for anyone other than Grant and Seymour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0031-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThat was the last election in which the Republicans won Tennessee until 1920, the last in which the Democrats won Oregon until 1912, and the last in which the Republicans won Missouri until 1904.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0032-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThat Grant lost New York to Seymour by 10,000 votes was a source of shame and anger to Republicans. Seymour's victory in New York was made the subject of a federal investigation. On November 4, Horace Greeley spoke at the Union League Club. The ULC promptly petitioned Congress to look into the state vote. The petition was presented to the House of Representatives on December 14 and accepted by a vote of 134-35 (52 abstained). Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax, the Republican candidate for vice president, appointed a committee of seven: five Republicans and two Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0032-0001", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThe committee was most likely created because the Republicans could not lose New York without a protest. It reported to the House of Representatives on February 23, 1869. The committee decided to take no action, and Seymour retained New York's 33 electoral votes. He was willing to return to the subject as long as he lived.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0033-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nIn a 1943 book, novelist Irving Stone suggested that if Seymour had carried all four of the October states (Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Iowa), the Republican-controlled Congress would have acted to prevent the possibility of any Southern states supporting the Democratic ticket. Stone claimed that the only way the Democrats could have won was by carrying every close state in the North and retaining both Georgia and Louisiana. Georgia's vote was contested at the electoral count, with the Republicans claiming the Democrats won only by \"violence, fraud and intimidation,\" and it likely would have been disallowed if the Democratic victory had been decisive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0034-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nAccording to Seymour's biographer, Stewart Mitchell, the Republican Party claimed credit for saving the Union and was bound, bent, and determined to continue to rule it. The margin of Grant's popular majority resulted largely from winning a high percentage of the half-million newly enfranchised coloured men. This strategy contrasted strongly with later years, when Republicans permitted complete black disfranchisement in the former Confederate states, since they had many new and secure votes in new states in the Western United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0035-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nSource (Popular Vote): Source (Electoral Vote): (a) Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia did not participate in the election of 1868 due to Reconstruction. In Florida, the state legislature cast its electoral vote for Grant by a vote of 40 to 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0036-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Results by state\nSource: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836\u20131892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247\u201357.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 76], "content_span": [77, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0037-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nRed font color denotes states won by Republican Ulysses S. Grant; blue denotes those won by Democrat Horatio Seymour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0038-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nStates where the margin of victory was under 1% (8 electoral votes)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0039-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nStates where the margin of victory was under 5% (93 electoral votes)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024684-0040-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nStates where the margin of victory was under 10% (35 electoral votes)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024685-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Alabama\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 presidential election. Alabama voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024685-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Alabama\nAlabama was won by Ulysses S. Grant, formerly the 6th Commanding General of the United States Army (R-Ohio), running with Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax, with 51.25% of the popular vote, against the 18th governor of New York, Horatio Seymour (D\u2013New York), running with former Senator Francis Preston Blair Jr., with 48.75% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024686-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024686-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nArkansas voted for the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state by a margin of 7.36%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024686-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nThis was the first time since 1860 that a presidential election was held in the state due to secession, the American Civil War, and Reconstruction. This was also the first presidential election in which a Republican won Arkansas, which it would do next election, but would not do so again until over a century later when Richard Nixon carried the state in the 1972 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024687-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in California\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in California was held on November 3, 1868 as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. State voters chose five representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024687-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in California\nCalifornia narrowly voted for the Republican nominee, Union general Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, DNC chair Horatio Seymour by a margin barely over 500 votes. Additionally, this was the last time until 1968 where a Republican won the white House without carrying Santa Clara County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024688-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024688-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nConnecticut voted for the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state by a narrow margin of 2.98%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024689-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Delaware\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024689-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Delaware\nDelaware voted for the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour, over the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant. Seymour won the state by a margin of 18%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024689-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Delaware\nWith 59% of the popular vote, Delaware would prove to be Seymour's fifth strongest state in terms of popular vote percentage after Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland and Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024690-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Florida\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. The state legislature chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. The vote in the legislature was 40 Republicans to 9 Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024690-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Florida\nAs a result of the status of Reconstruction, the state's three electoral votes were allocated by the State Legislature to Grant. This was the only time in the state's history that the popular vote did not decide the election in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024691-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Georgia\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the wider United States Presidential election. Voters chose 9 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024691-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background\nThe first readmission of Georgia to the Union occurred in 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024691-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Georgia, Vote\nThe Seymour/Blair ticket carried the state of Georgia on election day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 57], "content_span": [58, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024691-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Georgia, Vote\nWith 64.27% of the popular vote, Georgia would be Seymour's fourth strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Kentucky, Louisiana and Maryland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 57], "content_span": [58, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024692-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Illinois\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose 16 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024692-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Illinois\nIllinois voted for the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state by a margin of 11.38%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024693-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Indiana\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024693-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Indiana\nIndiana voted for the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state by a narrow margin of 2.78%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024694-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Iowa\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024694-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Iowa\nIowa voted for the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state by a margin of 23.84%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024695-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Kansas\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024695-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Kansas\nKansas voted for the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state by a margin of 37.65%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024695-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Kansas\nWith 68.82% of the popular vote, Kansas would be Grant's third strongest victory in terms of popular vote percentage after Vermont and Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024696-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024696-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nKentucky voted for the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour over the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant. Seymour won the state by a margin of 49.1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024696-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nWith 74.55% of the popular vote, Kentucky would be Seymour's strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last occasion when Clinton County and Cumberland County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024697-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024697-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nAmid widespread violence and threats meant to prevent freedmen from voting, Louisiana voted for the Democratic nominee, former Governor of New York Horatio Seymour, over the Republican nominee, General Ulysses S. Grant. Seymour won the state by a margin of 41.38%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024697-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nWith 70.69% of the popular vote, Louisiana would be Seymour's second strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024698-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Maine\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024698-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Maine\nMaine voted for the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state by a margin of 24.82%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024699-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Maryland\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024699-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Maryland\nMaryland voted for the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour over the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant. Seymour won the state by a margin of 34.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024699-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Maryland\nWith 67.2% of the popular vote, Maryland would be Seymour's third strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Kentucky and Louisiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024700-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024700-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nMassachusetts voted for the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state by a margin of 39.53%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024700-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nWith 69.76% of the popular vote, Massachusetts would be Grant's second strongest victory in terms of popular vote percentage after neighboring Vermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024701-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Michigan\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024701-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Michigan\nMichigan was won by Republican nominee General Ulysses S. Grant over Democratic candidate Governor Horatio Seymour by a margin of almost 14%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024702-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. State voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024702-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nMinnesota was won by Ulysses S. Grant, formerly the 6th Commanding General of the United States Army (R-Ohio), running with Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax, with 60.88% of the popular vote, against the 18th governor of New York, Horatio Seymour (D\u2013New York), running with former Senator Francis Preston Blair, Jr., with 39.12% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024703-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Missouri\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024703-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Missouri\nMissouri was won by Ulysses S. Grant, formerly the 6th Commanding General of the United States Army (R-Ohio), running with Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax, with 56.96% of the popular vote, against the 18th governor of New York, Horatio Seymour (D\u2013New York), running with former Senator Francis Preston Blair, Jr., with 43.04% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024703-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Missouri\nGrant's victory in Missouri made him the first Republican presidential candidate to win the state, although President Abraham Lincoln had won the state on the National Union ticket in 1864. Grant would also be the only Republican to carry the state until Theodore Roosevelt won it in 1904.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024704-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024704-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nNebraska participated in its first ever presidential election, having become the 37th state on March 1, 1867. The state was won by Ulysses S. Grant, formerly the 6th Commanding General of the United States Army (R-Ohio), running with Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax, with 63.91% of the popular vote, against the 18th governor of New York, Horatio Seymour (D\u2013New York), running with former Senator Francis Preston Blair, Jr., with 36.09% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024705-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Nevada\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Nevada voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024705-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Nevada\nNevada was won by Ulysses S. Grant, formerly the 6th Commanding General of the United States Army (R-Ohio), running with Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax, with 55.39% of the popular vote, against the 18th governor of New York, Horatio Seymour (D\u2013New York), running with former Senator Francis Preston Blair, Jr., with 44.61% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024706-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024706-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nNew Hampshire voted for the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state by a margin of 10.46%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024707-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024707-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nNew Jersey voted for the Democratic nominee, former Governor of New York Horatio Seymour, over the Republican nominee, General Ulysses S. Grant. Seymour won by a very narrow margin of 1.76%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024708-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in New York\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose 33 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024708-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York voted for the Democratic nominee, former Governor of New York Horatio Seymour, over the Republican nominee, General Ulysses S. Grant. Seymour won his home state by a very narrow margin of 1.18%, making him the first Democratic candidate since Franklin Pierce in 1852 to win the state. Seymour also became the first losing Democratic presidential candidate to win New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024709-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. North Carolina voters chose 9 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024709-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nNorth Carolina was won by Ulysses S. Grant, formerly the 6th Commanding General of the United States Army (R-Ohio), running with Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax, with 53.41% of the popular vote, against the 18th governor of New York, Horatio Seymour(D\u2013New York), running with former Senator Francis Preston Blair, Jr., with 46.59% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024710-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Ohio\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Ohio was held on November 3, 1868 as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. State voters chose 21 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024710-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Ohio\nOhio was won by the Republican Party candidate, Ohio native and General Ulysses S. Grant, who won the state with 54.00% of the popular vote. The Democratic Party candidate, Horatio Seymour, garnered 46.00% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024711-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Oregon\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024711-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Oregon\nOregon voted for the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour over the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant. Seymour won the state by a narrow margin of 0.74%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024711-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Oregon\nAs a result of his win, Seymour became the first Democratic presidential candidate to ever win Oregon. Another Democrat would not win Oregon again on a presidential level until Woodrow Wilson won the state in 1912.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024712-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose 26 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024712-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nPennsylvania voted for the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour. Grant won Pennsylvania by a margin of 4.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024713-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024713-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nRhode Island voted for the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state by a margin of 32.98%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024713-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nWith 66.49% of the popular vote, Rhode Island would be Grant's fifth strongest victory in terms of popular vote percentage after Vermont, Massachusetts, Kansas and Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024714-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose 6 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. This would be the first time in South Carolina's history where the popular vote was used in the state during the presidential election, with previous elections having used the state legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024714-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nSouth Carolina voted for  the Republican nominee, General Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, former Governor of New York Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state by a margin of 15.86%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024715-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose 10 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024715-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nTennessee was won by Ulysses S. Grant, formerly the 6th Commanding General of the United States Army (R-Ohio), running with Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax, with 68.43% of the popular vote, against the 18th governor of New York, Horatio Seymour (D\u2013New York), running with former Senator Francis Preston Blair, Jr., with 31.57% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024715-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nWith 68.43% of the popular vote, Tennessee would be Grant's fourth strongest victory in terms of popular vote percentage after Vermont, Massachusetts and Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024716-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Vermont\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024716-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Vermont\nVermont voted for the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state by a margin of 57.14%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024716-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Vermont\nWith 78.57% of the popular vote, Vermont would be Grant's strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote. In addition, Grant's performance in Vermont in popular vote percentage was the second best for a Republican presidential candidate only after William McKinley's 80.08% in 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024717-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. West Virginia voters chose five representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024717-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nWest Virginia was won by Ulysses S. Grant, formerly the 6th Commanding General of the United States Army (R-Ohio), running with Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax, with 58.83% of the popular vote, against the 18th governor of New York, Horatio Seymour(D\u2013New York), running with former Senator Francis Preston Blair, Jr., with 41.17% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024718-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 3, 1868 as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024718-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nWisconsin was won by Republican Party candidate Ulysses S. Grant, over Democratic candidate, Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state with 56.25 percent of the popular vote, winning the states eight electoral votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024719-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Upper Hunter colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Upper Hunter on 3 July 1868 due to the resignation of sitting member James White, who left the colony to travel to England, Europe and the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024720-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1868 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 8, 1868. Incumbent Republican John B. Page, per the \"Mountain Rule\", successfully ran for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont, defeating Democratic candidate John L. Edwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024721-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Waikouaiti by-election\nThe 1868 Waikouaiti by-election was a by-election held on 27 July 1868 in the Waikouaiti electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024721-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Waikouaiti by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Murison on 10 July 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024721-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Waikouaiti by-election\nMitchell stood for the \"Centralist\" party while his opponent William Pitt Gordon stood \"in the Provincial Interest.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024722-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Wareham by-election\nThe Wareham by-election of 1868 was fought on 23 December 1868. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, John Calcraft. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Erle-Drax.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024723-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Wellington colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Wellington on 1868 because Saul Samuel had been appointed Colonial Treasurer in the second Robertson ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and on this occasion the other ministers were all re-elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024723-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Wellington colonial by-election\nPhilip Risby Holdsworth was the secretary of the protection league and opposed to the free trade treasurer. This was the first occasion on which he stood for parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024724-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 West Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of West Sydney on 15 December 1868 because of the resignation of Samuel Joseph, who had traveled to Europe but stayed longer than he had contemplated and so resigned his seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024725-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1868 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on October 22, 1868, to elect the governor of West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024726-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Westland Boroughs by-election\nThe Westland Boroughs by-election 1868 was a by-election held in the Westland Boroughs electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament, on 3 April 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024726-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Westland Boroughs by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP William Moorhouse and was won by William Henry Harrison. On nomination day (1 April) Harrison and William Shaw were nominated. The Westland Boroughs electorate was made up of the boroughs of Greymouth and Hokitika. Harrison was a resident of Greymouth and was the editor of the Grey River Argus. Shaw was the current Mayor of Hokitika, and proprietor of the West Coast Times. After a show of hands in favour of Shaw (eight votes to four), Harrison demanded a poll. William Harrison was subsequently elected two days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024726-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Westland Boroughs by-election, Results\nThe polling was notable in that each candidate overwhelmingly dominated in their own borough, with Shaw taking 90% of the vote in Hokitika and Harrison all but one of the Greymouth votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024727-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Wycombe by-election\nThe Wycombe by-election, 1868, was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of the Wycombe in Buckinghamshire on 11 April 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024727-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Wycombe by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election was caused by the elevation to the peerage of the sitting Liberal MP, the Hon. Charles Carington, on the death of his father.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024727-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 Wycombe by-election, Candidates\nThe outgoing MP's brother, the Hon. William Carington, was selected by the local Liberals to fight the seat. No other candidates were nominated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024727-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 Wycombe by-election, The result\nThere being no other candidates putting themselves forward Carington was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024728-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 Zollparlament election\nElections to the Zollparlament of the German Zollverein were held in February and March 1868. The Zollparlament consisted of the members of the Reichstag of the North German Confederation and members from the South German states. Those South German members were elected in these elections, the North Germans were the Reichstag members elected the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024728-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 Zollparlament election\nIn total, 85 South Germans were elected: 48 from Bavaria, 14 from Baden, six from Hesse-Darmstadt (additionally to the three Reichstag members in the province of Upper Hesse), and 17 from W\u00fcrttemberg. Most of the South German Zollparlament members were anti-Prussian regionalists. The outcome of the elections did not encourage Bismarck to take advantage of the Zollparlament as a vehicle for the politician unification of Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections\nElections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1868 to elect Representatives to the 41st United States Congress. The election coincided with the presidential election of 1868, which was won by Ulysses S. Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe Democrats gained 20 seats, but Grant's Republican Party retained a commanding majority in the Reconstruction era following the American Civil War, holding onto a firm legitimacy through an association with victory. As more Southern states exited Reconstruction, more Democratic seats appeared in the South. However, Democratic gains in the South were limited, as the Republican power-brokers of Reconstruction held a great deal of influence. The small Conservative Party of Virginia also picked up several seats in Virginia, as it had support among wealthy Southern leaders who wanted to increase the region's power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summary\nMississippi, Texas, and Virginia were readmitted during this Congress, leaving Congress without vacant State delegations for the first time since 1860. Georgia had been partially readmitted in the previous Congress, but was not initially admitted to the 41st Congress. With Georgia's final readmission in 1870, all former Confederate states were once more represented in Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 80], "content_span": [81, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections, Election dates\nMississippi held rejected elections on July 1, 1868. New (accepted) elections were held December 1, 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 78], "content_span": [79, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0004-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections, Election dates\nIn 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing presidential electors. This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their congressional elections to that date. 1868 was the first year in which the majority of States (20 of 37) held their elections on that date. There were still 9 states which held elections before that date and 4 that held regular elections after that date, in addition to 4 readmitted states that held elections after that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 78], "content_span": [79, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0005-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections, Special elections\nThere were special elections in 1868 and 1869 to the 40th United States Congress and 41st United States Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 81], "content_span": [82, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0006-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections, Special elections, 40th Congress\nReadmission of state are treated here as regular (late) elections, not special elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 96], "content_span": [97, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0007-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections, Special elections, 41st Congress\nReadmission of state are treated here as regular (late) elections, not special elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 96], "content_span": [97, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0008-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections, Florida\nFlorida had been unrepresented in Congress since January 21, 1861, when its sole member and both senators withdrew from Congress following the secession of Florida from the Union. Following the end of the Civil War, an election had been held in 1865, but it was rejected by Congress. In 1868, Congress readmitted Florida following Reconstruction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 71], "content_span": [72, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0009-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections, Florida, Election to the current term\nThe first election, for the duration of the 40th congress, was held May 5, 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 101], "content_span": [102, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0010-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections, Florida, Election to the current term\nHamilton was seated on July 1, 1868, during the 2nd session of the 40th Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 101], "content_span": [102, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0011-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections, Florida, Election to the next term\nFlorida elected its one at-large member on December 29, 1868, re-electing Hamilton, who had just been elected in May to finish the current term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 98], "content_span": [99, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0012-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections, Mississippi, 1868 rejected elections\nMississippi elected its members July 1, 1868, but that election was later rejected by the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 100], "content_span": [101, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0013-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections, Mississippi, 1869 accepted elections\nMississippi then held new elections December 1, 1869 both: to finish the term in the 40th Congress and to the next term (starting in 1871) in the 41st Congress. Both elections had the same vote totals and were accepted by the House. The new members were seated in 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 100], "content_span": [101, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0014-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections, Wisconsin\nWisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 3, 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 73], "content_span": [74, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024729-0015-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States House of Representatives elections, Non-voting delegates, Wyoming Territory\nOn July 25, 1868, an act of Congress gave Wyoming Territory the authority to elect a congressional delegate, although the first delegate did not take his seat until 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 103], "content_span": [104, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024730-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections\nThe United States Senate elections of 1868 and 1869 were elections which had the Republican Party maintain their majority in the United States Senate. However, six former Confederate states were also readmitted separately from the regular election, each electing two Republicans. This increased the Republicans' already overwhelming majority to the largest proportion of seats ever controlled by the party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024730-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections\nAs these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024730-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 40th Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were seated during 1868 or in 1869 before March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024730-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 41st Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1869; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024730-0004-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 41st Congress\nThere were no elections in 1869 during this Congress after March 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024730-0005-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections, Delaware\nInterim appointed Senator James A. Bayard, Jr. was elected January 19, 1869 to finish his term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024730-0006-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections, Minnesota\nThe Minnesota U.S. Senate election was held by the state legislature on January 19, 1869 with each chamber voting separately. Republican Senator Alexander Ramsey received 16 of 21 votes in the state Senate and 36 of 44 in the state House. The legislature declared Ramsey the duly elected U.S. Senator in a joint convention on January 20, 1869. Democratic nominee Charles W. Nash was an attorney from Hastings, former state Senator for the 7th Senate District (1862-1864), and the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor in 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024730-0007-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe election in New York was held on January 19, 1869 by the New York State Legislature. Republican Edwin D. Morgan had been elected in February 1863 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1869. At the State election in November 1867, 17 Republicans and 15 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1868-1869) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1868, Democrat John T. Hoffman was elected Governor, and 75 Republicans and 53 Democrats were elected for the session of 1869 to the Assembly. The 92nd New York State Legislature met from January 5 to May 11, 1869, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024730-0008-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 16, Assemblyman John H. Selkreg presided. All 92 legislators were present. They nominated Ex-Governor Reuben E. Fenton for the U.S. Senate. The incumbent U.S. Senator Edwin D. Morgan was very keen on his re-election, but was voted down. Speaker Truman G. Younglove had held back the appointments to the standing Assembly committees until after the caucus, and subsequent election, of a U.S. Senator, and was accused by the Morgan men to have made a bargain to favor the Fenton men with appointments after the election was accomplished. After the caucus, comparing notes, the assemblymen discovered that some of the most important committee chairmanships had been promised to a dozen different members by Speaker Younglove.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 835]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024730-0009-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections, New York\nNote: On the first ballot, 93 votes were cast, one too many, and it was annulled without announcing the result. The above stated result transpired unofficially. The blank vote caused some debate if the result was really invalidated by it, but it was finally agreed to take a second ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024730-0010-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe caucus of the Democratic State legislators met on January 18. State Senator Henry C. Murphy was again nominated, like in 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024730-0011-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections, New York\nIn the Assembly, Republicans DeWitt C. Hoyt (Saratoga Co.) and James O. Schoonmaker (Ulster Co.); and Democrats James Irving (NYC), Lawrence D. Kiernan (NYC), Harris B. Howard (Rensselaer Co.), James B. Pearsall (Queens), John Tighe (Albany Co.) and Moses Y. Tilden (Columbia Co.); did not vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024730-0012-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections, New York\nIn the State Senate, Republicans Matthew Hale (16th D.) and Charles Stanford (15th D.); and Democrats Cauldwell, Thomas J. Creamer, Michael Norton (5th D.) and John J. Bradley (7th D.); did not vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024730-0013-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections, New York\nReuben E. Fenton was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024730-0014-0000", "contents": "1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania\nThe Pennsylvania election was held January 19, 1869. John Scott was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 19, 1869, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1869. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024732-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1868 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024733-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024733-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1868 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024733-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1868 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024736-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 in Canada, Historical documents\nIndigenous people assert claim to their reserve at Lake of Two Mountains (Oka), Quebec", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024736-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"The moment was fraught with danger\" - British spy addresses large rally of Fenians", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024736-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 in Canada, Historical documents\nReport by a visitor to newly opened settler lands in Muskoka, Ontario", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024736-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 in Canada, Historical documents\nIn his last Commons speech, D'Arcy McGee lauds anyone \"prepared[... ]to sacrifice himself [for] principles[... ]adopted as those of truth\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024736-0004-0000", "contents": "1868 in Canada, Historical documents\nFederal deputy minister of agriculture says connoisseur in France finds Canadian wine to be vin d'ordinaire second only to their own", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024737-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1868 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024739-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 in Denmark, Events\nOn the facade there is today \"Hotel du Nord\", but it refers to the former property on the spot where there was a hotel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024744-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 in Japan\nEvents from the year 1868 in Japan. It corresponds to Kei\u014d 4 and Meiji 1 in the Japanese calendar. In the history of Japan, it marks the beginning of the Meiji period on October 23 under the reign of Emperor Meiji.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024745-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1868 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024745-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nThe 4th Parliament continues. The first four M\u0101ori MPs are elected in 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024750-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1868 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024753-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 in Uruguay, Deaths\nThis article article about the history of Uruguay is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024754-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1868 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024759-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024759-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 in paleontology, Arthropoda, Newly named insects\nFossil formicine ant., moved to Formica constrictus in 1915 Synonym of Cataglyphoides constrictus", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024759-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 in paleontology, Arthropoda, Newly named insects\nFossil Dolichoderine ant, moved to Bothriomyrmex goepperti in 1893, jr synonym of Ctenobethylus goepperti", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024759-0003-0000", "contents": "1868 in paleontology, Arthropoda, Newly named insects\nFossil myrmicine ant, moved to Aeromyrma antiqua in 1891 Synonym of Carebara antiqua", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024760-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024760-0001-0000", "contents": "1868 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024760-0002-0000", "contents": "1868 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024761-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024762-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 in science\nThe year 1868 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024763-0000-0000", "contents": "1868 in sports\n1868 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024767-0000-0000", "contents": "1869\n1869 (MDCCCLXIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1869th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 869th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 69th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  10th  and last year of the 1860s decade. As of the start of 1869, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024768-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 (video game)\n1869 is a strategy and economics trading game developed and released by the Austrian company Max Design in 1992.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024768-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 (video game)\nMusic was composed by Hannes Seifert for the Adlib OPL sound card.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024768-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 (video game), Gameplay\nThe game is played by managing a trading company during the golden age of clipper ships, purchasing goods at one port, moving them to another and selling them at a profit. Passengers can also be transported on certain ships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024768-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 (video game), Gameplay\nThe game supports up to 4 players who take turns giving orders to their ships. If there is more than one player then the game starts with a ship auction of a number of Schooners, the starting price is lower than they can be found for in game and the number available is always one less than the number of players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024768-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 (video game), Gameplay\nAdditional bonus revenues can be earned from running naval blockades, shipping tea to England or making a priority goods delivery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024769-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Antrim by-election\nThe Antrim by-election of 1869 was fought on 21 August 1869. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, George Henry Seymour. It was won by the Conservative candidate Hugh de Grey Seymour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1869 Atlantic hurricane season was the earliest season in the Atlantic hurricane database in which there were at least ten tropical cyclones. Initially there were only three known storms in the year, but additional research uncovered the additional storms. Meteorologist Christopher Landsea estimates up to six storms may remain missing from the official database for each season in this era, due to small tropical cyclone size, sparse ship reports, and relatively unpopulated coastlines. All activity occurred in a three-month period between the middle of August and early October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season\nOut of the ten tropical storms, seven reached hurricane intensity, of which four made landfall on the United States. The strongest hurricane was a Category\u00a03 on the modern-day Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale which struck New England at that intensity, one of four storms to do so. It left heavy damage, killing at least twelve people. The most notable hurricane of the season was the Saxby Gale, which was predicted nearly a year in advance. The hurricane was one of six to produce hurricane-force winds in Maine, where it left heavy damage and flooding. The Saxby Gale left 37\u00a0deaths along its path, with its destruction greatest along the Bay of Fundy; there, the hurricane produced a 70.9\u00a0ft (21.6\u00a0m) high tide near the head of the bay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nThe first tropical cyclone of the season was observed on August\u00a012, about 500\u00a0mi (800\u00a0km) southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland. Its entire track was unknown, and its existence was only confirmed for 24\u00a0hours, based on three ship reports. The second, a barque, the Prinze Frederik Carl, sustained damage to all of its sails. The Hurricane Research Division (HRD) assessed the storm to have moved northeastward in its limited duration, and based on the ship reports estimated peak winds of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h); this would make it a Category\u00a02 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nBy August\u00a016, a strong hurricane was located in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico south of Louisiana. With estimated winds of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h), it tracked westward and struck Texas on Matagorda Island before passing near Refugio. The hurricane quickly weakened over land and dissipated late on August\u00a017. Damage from the hurricane was heaviest in Refugio and Indianola. In the latter city, strong waves damaged wharves and boats while the storm surge flooded the streets with about 1\u00a0ft (0.30\u00a0m) of water. Intense winds knocked down several houses as well as a church, and many buildings lost their roofs. In Sabine Pass, the winds ruined a variety of fruit crops.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe third hurricane of the season was only known due to it affecting one ship. A vessel in the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company reported a hurricane on August\u00a027, about halfway between Bermuda and the Azores. The storm was estimated to have been moving north-northwestward with winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h), although its entire track is unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0005-0000", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four\nA tropical storm was first observed on September\u00a01 to the east of the Bahamas. There, it left heavy damage to a brig sailing from Nassau to New York City. The storm tracked generally northeastward, damaging another ship on September\u00a02 near Bermuda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0006-0000", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nOn September\u00a04, a hurricane was located in the northern Gulf of Mexico, moving north-northwestward. The next day, it moved ashore in southeastern Louisiana with winds estimated at 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h), passing west of New Orleans. It dissipated early on September\u00a06. The hurricane dropped heavy rainfall along its path that caused flooding. In addition, strong winds uprooted trees and damaged fences. High tides flooded Grand Isle with 2\u00a0ft (0.61\u00a0m) of water.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0007-0000", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nOn September\u00a07, three ships observed hurricane-force winds over the western Atlantic Ocean, between the Bahamas and Bermuda. The storm moved northward, impacting several other ships as it paralleled the east coast of the United States; one of them reported a pressure of 956\u00a0mbar (28.24\u00a0inHg), which indicated the system was an intense hurricane. Late on September\u00a08, it reached a peak intensity of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) with a pressure of 950\u00a0mbar (28.05\u00a0inHg). After brushing Long Island, the hurricane weakened slightly and made landfall on southwestern Rhode Island at peak intensity. It was one of three hurricanes, along with the 1938 New England hurricane and Hurricane Carol in 1954, to strike New England as a major hurricane, or Category\u00a03 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 840]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0008-0000", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nAt landfall, the hurricane was compact, estimated around 60\u00a0mi (97\u00a0km) wide. However, less than 10\u00a0miles (16\u00a0km) west of the center, there were no strong winds. The hurricane produced a storm surge of 8\u00a0ft (2.4\u00a0m), which was lessened due to it moving ashore at low tide. In Providence, Rhode Island, high waves damaged coastal wharves and left flooding. The hurricane weakened quickly over land, passing just west of Boston early on September\u00a09 as a minimal hurricane. There, the winds downed many trees and left severe damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0008-0001", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nAll telegraph lines between New York and Boston were cut, although the storm did produce beneficial heavy rainfall. Shortly thereafter it dissipated over Maine. There was one confirmed death in Massachusetts. Offshore Maine, a schooner capsized, killing all but one of the twelve crew. The storm also caused at least $50,000 (1869 USD) in damage in Maine alone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0009-0000", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nA ship about halfway between South America and Cape Verde reported a hurricane on September\u00a011. The storm tracked generally west-northwestward, affecting several other ships with damaging winds. On September\u00a015, a ship traveling from St. Thomas to England encountered the hurricane and observed a minimum barometric pressure of 979\u00a0mbar (28.90\u00a0inHg); this suggested peak winds of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h). By September\u00a016 the hurricane had weakened slightly as its track turned to the north and northeast. It was last observed on September\u00a018 to the west of the Azores as a tropical storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0010-0000", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nThe only basis for identifying the eighth tropical cyclone of the season was from a report by the bark Crescent Wave. On September\u00a014, the ship encountered strong winds and heavy rainfall about halfway between the Lesser Antilles and Cape Verde. At the time, the storm was at least 600\u00a0mi (970\u00a0km) east of the previous hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0011-0000", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nine\nOn October\u00a01, the brig Jenny observed \"a revolting gale lasting 3\u00a0days\" off the south coast of Puerto Rico, which indicated a tropical storm in the region. Despite being located near several islands in the Caribbean, no land stations experienced any effects from the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0012-0000", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ten\nThe final hurricane of the season was first observed on October\u00a04 by a ship off the southeast coast of North Carolina. With winds estimated at 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h), the storm tracked northeastward, passing just east of Martha's Vineyard before moving across Cape Cod late on October\u00a04. As it moved along the coast, the storm produced heavy precipitation, reaching 12.25\u00a0in (311\u00a0mm) in Canton, Connecticut. The strongest winds did not affect Massachusetts, although a few hours later the hurricane struck just east of Portland, Maine at peak intensity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0012-0001", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ten\nThis made it one of six storms to produce hurricane-force winds in Maine, along with Hurricane Carol in 1953, Hurricane Edna in 1954, Hurricane Donna in 1960, Hurricane Gerda in 1969, and Hurricane Gloria in 1985. In Maine, the high rainfall caused widespread flooding, while the high winds destroyed at least 90\u00a0houses. The hurricane quickly weakened over land, and after turning northeastward into Atlantic Canada dissipated on October\u00a05 near the Gulf of St. Lawrence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0013-0000", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ten\nThe hurricane was referred as Saxby's Gale after Lieutenant S.M. Saxby of the Royal Navy predicted in November\u00a01868 that an unusually violent storm would produce very high tides on October\u00a05; he did not specify the location, however. Although heavy damage occurred in New England, the devastation was greatest in Atlantic Canada along the Bay of Fundy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024770-0013-0001", "contents": "1869 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ten\nThe hurricane produced a storm surge of around 7\u00a0ft (2.1\u00a0m), which, in combination with the winds, the low pressure, and being in a region of naturally occurring high tides, produced a 70.9\u00a0ft (21.6\u00a0m) high tide near the head of the bay. The high tides surpassed the dykes across New Brunswick and left widespread flooding, killing many cattle and sheep and washing away roads. In the Cumberland Basin, the floods washed two boats about 3\u00a0mi (5\u00a0km) inland. In Moncton, water levels rose about 6.6\u00a0ft (2\u00a0m) higher than the previous highest level. There were 37\u00a0deaths between Maine, New Brunswick, and New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024771-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Bewdley by-election\nThe Bewdley by-election of 1869 was held on 11 March 1869. The Parliamentary by-election was called due to the voiding of the 1868 election of the incumbent MP, the Conservative Party's Richard Atwood Glass. It was won by the Conservative Party candidate John Cunliffe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024771-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Bewdley by-election\nOn petition Cunliffe was unseated and his liberal opponent Augustus Anson was declared elected. He was re-elected in the 1874 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024772-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Birthday Honours\nThe 1869 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 2 June 4 June and 1 July 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024772-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024773-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Blackburn by-election\nThe Blackburn by-election of 1869 was a parliamentary by-election held in England in March 1869. It returned two members of parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons for the borough of Blackburn in Lancashire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024773-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Blackburn by-election\nIt was a rare double-by-election, caused when the 1868 general election of the borough's two Conservative MPs was nullified. Their sons won the by-election, but the result led to fighting in the town of Blackburn and was denounced by the Liberal Party candidates as a \"farce\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024773-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Blackburn by-election, The vacancy\nOn 16 March 1869, the result of the 1868 general election in borough of Blackburn was declared null and void, after an election petition had been lodged. The two Conservatives who had been elected, Joseph Feilden and William Henry Hornby, were unseated when Mr Justice Willes found that there had been widespread intimidation of voters. The candidates themselves were absolved of direct involvement in the intimidation, but their agents were held responsible for a document known as the \"screw circular\". The circular called on mill-owners, tradesmen, and other employers to secure the election of Conservatives at both the municipal and parliamentary elections, and led to the dismissal of many long-serving employees on the spurious grounds of trivial misconduct, long after the alleged misconduct had occurred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 39], "content_span": [40, 853]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024773-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 Blackburn by-election, Candidates\nThe nominations were made on 29 March 1869, before a gathering of 15,000 people in Blakey Moor, Blackburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024773-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 Blackburn by-election, Candidates\nThe Liberal Party nominated John Gerald Potter, who had contested Blackburn in 1865 and 1868, and John Morley, a barrister who had taken up journalism and become the editor of the Fortnightly Review.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024773-0005-0000", "contents": "1869 Blackburn by-election, Candidates\nPotter told meeting that if the working classes of Blackburn were allowed to vote freely, he and Morley would both be returned, and that the longer he lived, the more he saw the need for voting to be conducted by secret ballot. He favoured the abolition of the ratepaying qualification for elections, a national system of education, a reduction in taxation and the legalisation of trade unions. Morley said that the Tories had no policy, no spirit and no temper, and that he supported the policies of the present government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024773-0006-0000", "contents": "1869 Blackburn by-election, Candidates\nThe Conservatives also nominated two candidates: Edward Hornby and Henry Master Feilden, both sons of the ousted Conservatives MPs. Both Hornby and Fielden appealed for support as a tribute to their fathers, with Hornby asserting that he had \"no vain idea\" that his own merits were enough to qualify him as an MP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024773-0007-0000", "contents": "1869 Blackburn by-election, Result\nThere was no secret ballot until 1872, so voting was conducted in public at the hustings, which were attended by a large number of police armed with cutlasses. A show of hands was taken and pronounced to be in favour of Fielden and Hornby, but a vote was demanded on behalf of the Liberal candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024773-0008-0000", "contents": "1869 Blackburn by-election, Result\nPolling took place the following day, 30 March, in 25 locations. Voting began at 8am, and there were no reports of any disturbances. The Times newspaper reported that \"only three persons\" were arrested for personation, one of whom had been released when it was acknowledged that a mistake had been made.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024773-0009-0000", "contents": "1869 Blackburn by-election, Result\nThe results were announced by the Mayor at 6.30pm, when Fielden and Hornby were declared the winnerswith a margin of over 700 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024773-0010-0000", "contents": "1869 Blackburn by-election, Result\nIn their acceptance speeches, Fielden and Hornby both pronounced the result as being the true voice of Blackburn once the screw had been removed. Fielden said that he hoped that Potter would not dare challenge the result again, and then a fight broke out, which was speedily broken up the police. There were reports that shots had been fired, but The Times reported that the police had received no accounts of anyone wounded by gunfire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024773-0011-0000", "contents": "1869 Blackburn by-election, Result\nThe Liberal candidates did not appear on the platform at the declaration, and issued a printed statement saying that they were unsurprised by the result. They asserted that the Conservative victory was the result of intimidation, and elections in Blackburn would remain \"a farce\" without a secret ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024773-0012-0000", "contents": "1869 Blackburn by-election, Result\nAt about 7pm, stones were thrown at Conservative supporters in Penny Street. A policeman was shot in the arm, other shots were fired from windows, and there was serious fighting for a few minutes until 60 policemen came to guard the approaches to the street.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024773-0013-0000", "contents": "1869 Blackburn by-election, Aftermath\nEdward Hornby never stood for Parliament again, and held the seat until the 1874 general election, when he retired from the House of Commons. Henry Master Feilden was re-elected in 1874, but died in office in 1875, triggering a by-election in October 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024773-0014-0000", "contents": "1869 Blackburn by-election, Aftermath\nAfter three unsuccessful candidacies, J. G. Potter did not stand again. John Morley unsuccessfully contested the City of Westminster at the 1880 general election, and was elected as MP for Newcastle-upon-Tyne at a by-election in February 1883. He held a number of senior posts in the Cabinet, and was ennobled in 1908 as Viscount Morley of Blackburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024774-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1869 saw the reelection of Nathaniel B. Shurtleff to a third consecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024775-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Bradford by-election\nThe Bradford by-election of 1869 was fought on 12 March 1869. The by-election was held due to the previously voided election of the incumbent Liberal MP, Henry William Ripley. In an all Liberal contest, it was won by the Liberal candidate Edward Miall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024776-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Braidwood colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Braidwood on 20 September 1869 because of the resignation of Joshua Josephson to accept an appointment as a judge of the District Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024777-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Brecon by-election\nThe Brecon by-election of 1869 was fought on 24 April 1869. The by-election was fought due to the Void election of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Howel Gwyn. It was won by the Liberal candidate Edward Villiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024778-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Burnett colonial by-election\nThe 1869 Burnett colonial by-election was a by-election held on 21 April 1869 in the electoral district of Burnett for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024778-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Burnett colonial by-election, History\nOn 6 April 1869, Robert Mackenzie, former Premier and member for Burnett, retired from politics and departed for Europe. Charles Haly won the resulting by-election on 21 April 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024779-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Cachar earthquake\nThe 1869 Cachar earthquake occurred on 10 January with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.4 and a maximum EMS-98 intensity of VII (Damaging). Two people were killed and damage was considered severe. The earthquake was felt in Upper Burma, Bihar, Jharkhand, Bengal and Northeast India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024779-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Cachar earthquake, Earthquake\nThe cause is said to have been from a 32 kilometres (20\u00a0mi) long fissure below the Jaintia Hills, situated north of the Sylhet region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024779-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Cachar earthquake, Further reading\nThis article about an earthquake in Asia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024779-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 Cachar earthquake, Further reading\nThis Indian history-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024780-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Caithness by-election\nThe Caithness by-election of 1869 was fought on 26 August 1869. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, George Traill. It was won by the Liberal candidate Sir John Sinclair, Bt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024781-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Chester by-election\nThe Chester by-election of 1869 was contested on 4 December 1869 due to the incumbent Liberal MP, Hugh Grosvenor, succeeding to the peerage as Marquess of Westminster. It was retained by the Liberal candidate Norman de L'Aigle Grosvenor, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024782-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Chicago mayoral election\nIn the Chicago mayoral election of 1869, Citizens Party nominee Roswell B. Mason defeated Republican nominee George W. Gage by a landslide 27-point margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024782-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Chicago mayoral election\nThis was the last mayoral election before the Great Chicago Fire took place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024782-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Chicago mayoral election\nCitizens Party candidate Mason was an executive in the Illinois Central Railroad. Republican Party candidate Gage was a businessman who operated the Tremont House and Sherman House hotels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024782-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 Chicago mayoral election\nThe Citizens Reform ticket was a nonpartisan reform slate which aimed to challenge the power of German Republican political boss Anton C. Hesing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024782-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 Chicago mayoral election, Aftermath\nMason would only serve a single term as mayor. Gage would go on to serve as the president of the Chicago White Stockings baseball team (today's Chicago Cubs) and serve as Chicago's South Parks Commissioner (during which time he commissioned a park which would subsequently bear his name).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024783-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Christchurch earthquake\nThe 1869 Christchurch earthquake occurred at 8:00 am on 5 June, near New Brighton, with an estimated Richter magnitude of 6.0. The shock had a Mercalli Intensity of VII\u2013VIII.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024783-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Christchurch earthquake\nThe shock damaged several brick and stone buildings in the city, destroying chimneys and damaging the spire of St John's church in Hereford Street.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024783-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Christchurch earthquake\nThe effects of the earthquake on stone buildings such as St. Johns prompted the Church of St Michael and All Angels to be built using timber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024784-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 City of Dunedin by-election\nThe 1869 City of Dunedin by-election was a by-election held  on 5 March 1869 in the City of Dunedin electorate in Dunedin during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024784-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 City of Dunedin by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, James Paterson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024784-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 City of Dunedin by-election\nThe winner was Thomas Birch. He was opposed by James Gordon Stuart Grant, a local eccentric and frequent candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024785-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 City of London by-election\nThe City of London by-election of 1869 was held on 22 February 1869. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP Charles Bell. It was won by the unopposed Liberal candidate Baron Lionel Nathan de Rothschild who had been an MP for the constituency since 1847 until losing in the 1868 general election. The Liberals did not hold this gain in the 1874 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024785-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 City of London by-election\nThe by-election was held by a gathering of the electorate at the London Guildhall. Rothschild was nominated by the banker and former Liberal MP Martin Tucker Smith, and as there were no other nominations at the meeting he was declared elected without a vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024786-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Clare by-election\nThe Clare by-election of 1869 was fought on 5 January 1869. The by-election was fought due to the incumbent Liberal MP, Sir Colman O'Loghlen, becoming Judge Advocate General. It was retained by O'Loghlen who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024787-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Clermont colonial by-election\nThe Clermont colonial by-election, 1869 was a by-election held on 4 March 1869 in the electoral district of Clermont for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024787-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Clermont colonial by-election, History\nOn 1 October 1868, Atkin was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Queensland for the seat of Clermont. He resigned on 29 January 1869, claiming it was the only honourable course of action due to \"the treachery, the weakness, and the lust for office\" of the leaders of the Queensland Parliament. However, it was suggested that he resigned before his election was voided because his nomination was invalid. Oscar de Satge won the resulting by-election on 4 March 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024788-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Colony of British Columbia general election\nThe 1869 election was the second election to the united colony of British Columbia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024788-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Colony of British Columbia general election\nThe governor appointed 13 more members to the legislative council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024789-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1869 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 5, 1869. It was a rematch of the 1868 Connecticut gubernatorial election. Republican nominee Marshall Jewell defeated incumbent governor and Democratic nominee James E. English with 50.22% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024790-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Convention of Colored Citizens of Minnesota\nThe 1869 Convention of Colored Citizens of Minnesota was the first integrated convention meeting of blacks and whites in Minnesota, and occurred in Ingersoll Hall, Saint Paul a year after the state of Minnesota voted in favor of black suffrage. The convention is distinct from other conventions of the time for having numerous white Republicans speak at the convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024790-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Convention of Colored Citizens of Minnesota, Background\nAt the end of the American Civil War voting rights for blacks was becoming a contentious issue in many northern states. The black population in Minnesota had grown rapidly since the years preceding the Civil War, from 39 in 1850 to 700 in 1868, a fact black activists were not unaware of. As a result of these tensions, Republicans in the state continued to push for black suffrage, with fierce opposition from Democrats. In 1868, Minnesota held their third referendum on the issue of black voting rights. The referendum passed with 57% of voters voting yes on the referendum, granting all black men in the state suffrage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024790-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Convention of Colored Citizens of Minnesota, Major Issues of the Convention\nThe Convention was called to celebrate the successful referendum on black suffrage in 1868. Both white and black speakers were present at the convention, with Republican politicians talking about their own efforts to push forward a referendum to give blacks suffrage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 80], "content_span": [81, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024790-0002-0001", "contents": "1869 Convention of Colored Citizens of Minnesota, Major Issues of the Convention\nRepublican politicians also took part in the festivities, singing songs and eating food alongside the black leaders of the convention The members of the Convention, whether black or white, discussed the contents of the referendum, referencing how it removed the word white from the requirement for voting in the state of Minnesota White attendees of the Convention, mainly Republican political leaders, heaped praise upon what they referred to as the black race. They stressed how they had become increasingly impressed by the intelligence and civility black leaders had expressed, both in the present in the past.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 80], "content_span": [81, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024790-0002-0002", "contents": "1869 Convention of Colored Citizens of Minnesota, Major Issues of the Convention\nThey pointed to great black speakers and leaders like Toussaint Louverture and Frederick Douglass, The black members of the convention thanked the white Republicans present numerous times for their efforts, and lead the proceedings of the Convention, which largely involved guest speakers and songs men of both races sang. There were also white Democrats present, which were referenced by White Republicans in a consolatory manner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 80], "content_span": [81, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024790-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 Convention of Colored Citizens of Minnesota, Key Figures\nWilliam Rainey Marshall, the governor of Minnesota, was invited as a guest speaker. Marshall gave brief remarks at the convention congratulating the African Americans on their newfound rights. Marshall helped put the amendment to give black men the right to vote on the ballot as a referendum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 61], "content_span": [62, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024790-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 Convention of Colored Citizens of Minnesota, Key Figures\nMaurice Jernigan, a barber in the city of St.Paul, was an early black rights advocate and influential figure in early black suffrage movements. Jernigan served as permanent chairman and temporary president of the convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 61], "content_span": [62, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024791-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Costa Rican general election\nThe 1869 Costa Rican presidential election took place while the dictator Jes\u00fas Jim\u00e9nez Zamora was in power after the coup against Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Castro Madriz, whose constitutional term was unable to finish. Jim\u00e9nez Zamora was the sole candidate, during his government he repressed the press and his political opponents. The 1869 Constitution only allowed men over 25 years old owners of a property that had a value higher than 200 pesos to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024792-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 County Louth by-election\nThe County Louth by-election of 1869 was contested on 11 January 1869. The by-election was held because the incumbent Liberal MP, Chichester Fortescue, had become the Chief Secretary for Ireland. Under the law at the time if an MP attained certain government positions, they were required to resign their seat and run for it again. The seat was retained by Fortescue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024793-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Danish Folketing election\nFolketing elections were held in Denmark on 22 September 1869. The Mellem Party emerged as the largest factions, winning 27 seats. Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs remained Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024793-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Danish Folketing election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held using first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies. Only 15% of the population was eligible to vote in the elections, with suffrage restricted to men over 30 who were not receiving poor relief (or who had not paid back any previous poor relief received), were not classed as \"dependents\" (those who were privately employed but did not have a household) and who had lived in their constituency for a certain length of time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024794-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Drogheda by-election\nThe Drogheda by-election of 1869 took place on 15 March 1869. The by-election arose following an election petition which unseated the incumbent MP, the Liberal Benjamin Whitworth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024794-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Drogheda by-election\nThe petition alleged that the election result was due to intimidation. Witnesses alleged that on the day of nomination, the Drogheda courthouse was 'filled with a mob of the lowest classes, who appeared to be under the influence of whiskey'. There were allegations that a Roman Catholic clergyman was seen at the head of a mob brandishing sticks, and voters had to be escorted by the military for fear of violence in the streets and at the railway station:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024794-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Drogheda by-election\n'Missiles came in all directions, and the soldiers asked their officers, \"Will you let us be murdered?\" \"Will you not let us protect ourselves?\" The mob shouted, \"To H[ell] with the Queen\", \"Down with your Church\" and \"Up with the Stars and Stripes!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024794-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 Drogheda by-election\n'The mob were told that there were 500 Orangemen coming down the next morning. One of the priests told them to give them a warm reception, and hurl them into the Boyne.'", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024794-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 Drogheda by-election\nIn his decision, Judge Keogh described the town on the day of polling as 'more like a place besieged than one where a free election was going on' and criticised the behaviour and language of the clergy. He decided that intimidation had taken place and that Whitworth and his agent were responsible. He declared the election void, necessitating a by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024794-0005-0000", "contents": "1869 Drogheda by-election\nThe by-election was won by  Whitworth's son Thomas, who ran as a Liberal and was unopposed. Thomas Whitworth was defeated in the 1874 general election, by the 'Liberal and Home Rule' candidate, William Hagarty O'Leary; on O'Leary's death in 1880, Benjamin Whitworth, by now MP for Kilkenny City, resigned that seat and won Drogheda in the ensuing by-election as a Home Rule candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024795-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Dumfriesshire by-election\nThe Dumfriesshire by-election of 1869 was fought on 31 March 1869. The by-election was fought due to the disqualification of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Sydney Waterlow, as he was deemed to be a government contractor. It was won by the Conservative candidate George Gustavus Walker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024796-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 East Cheshire by-election\nThe East Cheshire by-election of 1869 was fought on 6 October 1869. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Edward Christopher Egerton. It was won by the Conservative candidate William Cunliffe Brooks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024797-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Ecuadorian constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in Ecuador on 1 July 1869 to ratify or reject the constitution drafted by the Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly elected earlier in 1869. The country's eighth constitution, known as the Black Charter, was approved by 13,640 of the 14,154 voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024797-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Ecuadorian constitutional referendum\nAfter the referendum the new National Constituent Assembly met in Quito and enacted the Constitution on 11 August 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024797-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Ecuadorian constitutional referendum, Background\nIn 1869 Gabriel Garc\u00eda Moreno, a conservative, intensely devout Catholic, promulgated a more authoritarian constitution, referred to as the Garciana constitution or Carta Negra (the Black Charter), which extended the presidential term to six years and gave the president almost unlimited powers. It provided for a bicameral parliament, and introduced a religious factor into politics by making membership of the Roman Catholic Church a requisite for citizenship, with other requirements being at least twenty-one years of age, married and literate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024798-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 English cricket season\n1869 was the 83rd season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). The Cambridgeshire club went into demise, thougha team called Cambridgeshire later played in two specially arranged matches, in 1869 against Yorkshire and in 1871 against Surrey. After that, Cambridgeshire ceased to be a first-class team. The problem was attributed to the lack of available amateurs to back up the famous trio of Bob Carpenter, the first Tom Hayward and George Tarrant, along with the absence of useful patronage and the difficulty of obtaining membership which led to a debt deemed unpayable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024798-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 English cricket season\n1869 was also the season when W. G. Grace began a record-setting run of batting triumphs. For the first of three consecutive seasons, he established a new record for most runs in a season, and his six centuries doubled the previous record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024798-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 English cricket season, Notes\nHampshire, though regarded until 1885 as first-class, played no inter-county matches between 1868 and 1869 or 1871 and 1874 The others were Allan Steel in 1877, Sammy Woods in 1886, Charlie Townsend in 1895 and Jack Crawford in 1904 and 1905", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024799-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 French legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in France on 24 May and 1 June 1869, with a second round on 6 and 7 June. These elections resulted in a victory for the regime of the Second Empire, but the opposition strengthened its presence in the legislature. Nationwide, the regime won 55% of the vote. In Paris, the opposition parties (mostly Republicans) won 75% of the vote; however, the regime won large majorities in the countryside.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024799-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 French legislative election, Subsequent rioting\nOn the nights of 8\u20139 June 1869, the worst rioting in fifteen years, \"the 'white overalls' riots\", erupted in several cities throughout France. In Paris, on 8 June, demonstrators assembled on the Boulevard Montmartre and sang the \"Marseillaise\" (banned under the Second Empire until the Franco-Prussian War); but that was over in an hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024799-0001-0001", "contents": "1869 French legislative election, Subsequent rioting\nIn Belleville the crowd destroyed gas street lamps and shop fronts before marching down the Boulevard du Temple, where they attacked a police van, on their way to the Place de la Bastille, where thirteen people were arrested before order was restored at 2 a.m. by the sergents-de-ville (uniformed police). Many said that the police overreacted to the natural exuberance of the crowd at the favorable showing of liberal candidates in the election, and that the further disturbances on the 9th were in consequence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024799-0001-0002", "contents": "1869 French legislative election, Subsequent rioting\nThe crowds reached as far as the Place du Carrousel on at least one night, disrupting a gala soir\u00e9e at the Tuileries Palace, although the emperor remained impassive in the face of a stream of telegrams and \u00c9mile Waldteufel's baton was steady. On the 10th, the Prefect of Police issued a proclamation saying that such disturbances would no longer be tolerated. Cavalry and infantry units were brought in to patrol the streets. A total of 1,100 people were arrested and confined for a time in Bic\u00eatre fortress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024799-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 French legislative election, Subsequent rioting\nSimilar disturbances took place on 8 June in Bordeaux and Arles, and on 9 June in Nantes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024800-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities by-election\nThe Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities by-election of 1869 was fought on 22 November 1869. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, James Moncreiff, to become a Lord Justice Clerk. It was won by the Conservative candidate Edward Strathearn Gordon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024801-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Goldfields West colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Goldfields West on 15 February 1869 because of the resignation of George Thornton to visit England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024802-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Grand National\nThe 1869 Grand National was the 31st renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 3 March 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024803-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 16 May 1869. Supporters of Thrasyvoulos Zaimis won a majority of the 187 seats. Zaimis remained Prime Minister, having assumed office on 6 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024804-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Hastings by-election\nThe Hastings by-election of 1869 was fought on 18 November 1869. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Frederick North. It was won by the Liberal candidate Ughtred James Kay-Shuttleworth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024805-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Hawick Burghs by-election\nThe Hawick Burghs by-election of 1869 was held on 4 January 1869. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, George Otto Trevelyan, becoming Civil Lord of the Admiralty. It was retained by Trevelyan who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024806-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Hereford by-election\nThe Hereford by-election of 1869 was fought on 30 March 1869. The by-election was fought due to the Void election of both  the incumbent MPs of the Liberal Party George Clive  and  John Wyllie. It was won by the Liberal candidates Edward Clive  and  Chandos Wren-Hoskyns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024807-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Honduran presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Honduras in 1869. The result was a victory for Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Medina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024807-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Honduran presidential election, Background\nIncumbent president Medina was constitutionally barred from running for a new term. After urging local authorities to submit a request to the government to amend the constitution, a Constituent Assembly was convened. The Assembly began in Comayagua on 8 August. On 13 August, article 33 was amended by degree, allowing Medina to be re-elected. He was subsequently proclaimed president for a term of 1 February 1870 to 31 January 1874 without elections being required. The Assembly closed on 19 August 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024807-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Honduran presidential election, Results\nFollowing protests from opponents, Medina submitted his presidency to a public vote, which he easily won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024808-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Hungarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Hungary between 9 and 13 March 1869. The main issues were the legitimisation of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and the birth of Austria-Hungary. The compromise was created by the governing party. Hungary got more freedom and autonomy from Austria, but still in a mutual state with Austria and Franz Joseph I of Austria was crowned as the King of Hungary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024808-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Hungarian parliamentary election\nAt the elections three parties ran for the seats; De\u00e1k Party (Hu: De\u00e1k P\u00e1rt), the supporter of the compromise, the Left Centre (Hu: Balk\u00f6z\u00e9p), partially opponents of it and the Far-Left (Hu: Sz\u00e9lbal) opposing the treaty entirely. Finally the De\u00e1k Party won the 55.95% of the seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024809-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Iowa Senate election\nIn the 1869 Iowa State Senate elections, Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the thirteenth Iowa General Assembly. Following the expansion of the Iowa Senate from 49 to 50 seats in 1869, elections were held for 21 of the state senate's 50 seats. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024809-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election in 1867, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 40 seats to Democrats' eight seats and a lone member from the People's Party. However, three changes occurred during the twelfth general assembly. In the tenth district, Republican Senator Charles Leopold Matthies died on October 16, 1868, causing a vacancy in his seat. In the eighteenth district, Republican Senator John R. Needham died on July 9, 1868, causing a vacancy in his seat. In the twenty-fourth district, Republican Senator William Penn Wolf resigned on March 3, 1869, causing a vacancy in his seat. All three seats were left vacant until the next election. Therefore, by election day in 1869, the Republicans held 37 seats, the Democrats held 8 seats, there was a lone People's Party member, and three seats were vacant (all the vacancies had been held by Republicans).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 898]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024809-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 18 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024809-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 43 seats and Democrats having seven seats (a net gain of 6 seats for Republicans).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024810-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1869 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on October 12, 1869. Incumbent Republican Samuel Merrill defeated Democratic nominee George Gillespie with 62.93% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024811-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Kennedy colonial by-election\nThe Kennedy colonial by-election, 1869 was a by-election held on 10 July 1869 in the electoral district of Kennedy for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024811-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Kennedy colonial by-election, History\nOn 11 June 1869, Thomas Henry FitzGerald, member for Kennedy, resigned. Rt Hon John Bright, an English Radical politician, was nominated as a form of protest, and won the resulting by-election on 10 July 1869. He never took his seat in the Queensland Parliament; indeed it is unknown if he knew he was either nominated or elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024812-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Kildare by-election\nThe Kildare by-election of 1869 was fought on 11 January 1869. The by-election was fought due to the incumbent Liberal MP, Lord Otho Fitzgerald, becoming Comptroller of the Household. It was retained by Fitzgerald who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024813-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Liberian general election\nPresidential elections were held in Liberia in May 1869. The result was a victory for Edward James Roye of the True Whig Party, defeating incumbent President James Spriggs Payne. The election was very close, with the House of Representatives required to decide the final outcome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024814-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Liberian term of office referendum\nA referendum on the length of terms of office was held in Liberia on 4 May 1869. The proposals put forward by Parliament on 29 January 1869 would increase the presidential term from two to four years, increase the term of House of Representatives members from two to four years, and increase the term of office of Senators from four to eight years. President-elect Edward James Roye claimed that the changes were approved and that he would remain in office until 1873. However, the legislature, which oversaw the counting process, declared the proposals to be rejected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024815-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Liechtenstein general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liechtenstein in April 1869. Six of the seats in the Landtag were indirectly elected by electors selected by voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024815-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Liechtenstein general election, Electors\nElectors were selected through elections that were held on 18 and 19 April. Each municipality had two electors for every 100 inhabitants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024815-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nThe electors met on 29 April in Vaduz to elect six Landtag members and five substitute members. The Landtag members and their substitutes were elected in three ballots. Of the 158 electors, 152 participated in the voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024816-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Liskeard by-election\nThe Liskeard by-election of 1869 was fought on 11 May 1869. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Sir Arthur Buller. It was won by a Liberal candidate Edward Horsman, who was opposed by a more advanced Liberal, Francis Lycett, due to Horsman's perceived moderation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024817-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Liverpool Town Council election\nElections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Monday 1 November 1869. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024817-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Liverpool Town Council election, Election result\nBecause of the large number of uncontested seats, these statistics should be taken in that context.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024817-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By Election, 9 November 1869\nFollowing the retirement of Alderman Thomas Bold, Bernard Hall was elected as an alderman by the council on 9 November 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 91], "content_span": [92, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024817-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 7, St. Peter's, 14 January 1870\nCaused by the resignation of Councillor Jacob Gaitskell Brown (Liberal, St. Peter's, elected 1 November 1867) on 30 December 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024817-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 2, Scotland, 3 February 1870\nCaused by the resignation of Councillor Joseph Robinson (Liberal, Scotland, elected unopposed on 1 November 1867)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 84], "content_span": [85, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024818-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1869 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 13, 1869. Republican candidate and war hero Joshua Chamberlain defeated the Democratic candidate Franklin Smith and Prohibition candidate Nathan Griffith Hichborn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024819-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Mallow by-election\nThe Mallow by-election of 1869 was contested on 4 January 1869. The by-election was held because the incumbent Liberal MP, Edward Sullivan, became Attorney General for Ireland. It was retained by Sullivan who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024820-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Marsden by-election\nThe 1869 Marsden by-election was a by-election held on 25 January 1869 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Northland electorate of Marsden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024820-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Marsden by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Francis Hull on 14 December 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024820-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Marsden by-election\nThe by-election was won by John Munro. As there were no other candidates, he was declared elected unopposed on 25 January; the papers published several reports of his speeches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024821-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1869 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024821-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nGovernor William Clafin was re-elected to a second consecutive one-year term, defeating Democrat John Quincy Adams II and Edwin Chamberlain, the nominee of the new Labor Reform Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024822-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 90th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1869 during the governorship of Republican William Claflin. George O. Brastow and Robert Carter Pitman served as presidents of the Senate and Harvey Jewell served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024822-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Massachusetts legislature\nNotable events include the creation of a Joint Special Committee on Woman Suffrage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024823-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1869 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1869 to elect the governor of Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024824-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 New Jersey vs. Rutgers football game\nThe 1869 New Jersey vs. Rutgers football game occurred between the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) and Rutgers College. It was played on November 6, 1869. The rules governing play were based on the London Football Association's 1863 rules that disallowed carrying or throwing the ball. For spectators, therefore, the game more closely resembled soccer than gridiron football. Moreover, the match was played with a soccer ball. As a result, it is considered the first collegiate soccer match and the birth of soccer in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024824-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 New Jersey vs. Rutgers football game\nBecause gridiron football developed from the rules of association football and rugby football, many also consider the game played on November 6 to be the first gridiron game and the first collegiate football game. Rutgers won the game 6\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024824-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 New Jersey vs. Rutgers football game, Details and rules\nPart of the first season of college football, the game took place on November 6, 1869 at a field on College Avenue (now the site of the College Avenue Gymnasium) in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Because the game was played at Rutgers, it was also played under Rutgers' rules. They were based on the Football Association's rules of the time, in which two teams of 25 players attempted to score by kicking the ball into the opposing team's goal. The teams played 10 \"games\" against each other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024824-0002-0001", "contents": "1869 New Jersey vs. Rutgers football game, Details and rules\nWhen a team scored a goal, it counted as the end of that game, and the team with the most goals after 10 games was the winner. It is clear that this format did not resemble the game of college football as known today. The first such game in the United States in which the ball is advanced by physically picking it up and running, where play is stopped by knocking down the ball carrier, and each team fields eleven members was played on June 4, 1875 between Tufts and Harvard colleges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024824-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 New Jersey vs. Rutgers football game, Details and rules\nWilliam J. Leggett, later a distinguished clergyman of the Dutch Reformed Church, was the Rutgers captain; William Gummere, who later became chief justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, captained the New Jersey squad. The game was played in front of approximately 100 spectators. The players from Rutgers wore scarlet-colored turbans and handkerchiefs to distinguish themselves from the New Jersey players. The scarlet of the Rutgers Scarlet Knights came from this episode.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024824-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 New Jersey vs. Rutgers football game, Gameplay\nAs the first of the 10 games began, two players from each of the teams positioned themselves near the opponent's goal. This was presumably because the participants were hoping to easily score when the ball reached their territory on the field of play. On each team, there were eleven so-called \"fielders\" who were assigned to defend their own territorial area. There were 12 participants on each team that they named \"bulldogs\" who were the ones playing in the other team's territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024824-0005-0000", "contents": "1869 New Jersey vs. Rutgers football game, Gameplay\nRutgers was the first to score a goal, as S. G. Gano and G. R. Dixon successfully kicked the ball across the New Jersey goal. At some point early in the contest, the \"flying wedge\" play was first used as the team with the ball formed a wall-like formation of players, allowing them to charge at the defenders. This flying wedge tactic was successful early on for Rutgers because of their size disadvantage over New Jersey. However, New Jersey countered the tactic when J.E. Michael, better known as \"Big Mike\", broke up the Rutgers' flying wedge during the fourth game. New Jersey took advantage and tied the score at 2\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024824-0006-0000", "contents": "1869 New Jersey vs. Rutgers football game, Gameplay\nA Rutgers player named Madison M. Ball, a wounded veteran of the American Civil War, used his quickness and kicking the ball with the heel of his foot to again take the lead in the contest. Whenever the ball entered Rutgers territory, Ball would get in front of it and use a heel-kick to prevent New Jersey from scoring. Ball was able to successfully use that technique to set up Dixon to score another goal which gave Rutgers a 4\u20132 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024824-0006-0001", "contents": "1869 New Jersey vs. Rutgers football game, Gameplay\nRutgers then allowed New Jersey to score a goal as one of their players, whose identity is not known, had kicked a ball towards their own goal. It was blocked by a Rutgers player, but New Jersey soon was able to take advantage to cut the lead down to 4\u20133. The Tigers scored on their next possession when they used a flying wedge play of their own led by Big Mike to march down the field to score to tie the game again at 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024824-0007-0000", "contents": "1869 New Jersey vs. Rutgers football game, Gameplay\nRutgers captain John W. Leggett had a strategy for his team at this point. He suggested that the Rutgers team keep the ball low on the ground to counter the much taller players on New Jersey team. This strategy appeared to work as Rutgers easily scored the final two goals of the contest to win the first intercollegiate football game played 6 games to 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024824-0008-0000", "contents": "1869 New Jersey vs. Rutgers football game, Gameplay\nNew Jersey had more size, which would normally be an advantage on a field with 50 total players, but the Tigers had trouble kicking the ball as a team which is something Rutgers did very well. In a 1933 account, a Rutgers player from the game named John W. Herbert said that he thought Rutgers was the smaller team, but that they had more speed than New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024824-0009-0000", "contents": "1869 New Jersey vs. Rutgers football game, Aftermath\nIn what might be considered a beginning to college football rivalries, immediately after Rutgers won this game, New Jersey's players were literally run out of town by the winning Rutgers students. The New Jersey students reportedly jumped in their carriages and quickly made the 20-mile trip back to their campus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 52], "content_span": [53, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024824-0010-0000", "contents": "1869 New Jersey vs. Rutgers football game, Aftermath\nIn 1968, Arnold Friberg was commissioned by Chevrolet to create a painting commemorating the game. His work The First Game was one of four works that he created to celebrate 100 years of college football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 52], "content_span": [53, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024825-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 New York state election\nThe 1869 New York state election was held on November 2, 1869, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, two Judges of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioners and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate. Besides, the amended State Constitution was rejected with 223,935 votes for and 290,456 against it. Only the \"Judicial Article\" which re-organized the New York Court of Appeals was adopted by a small majority, with 247,240 for and 240,442 against it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024825-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on September 24 at Syracuse, New York. George William Curtis was nominated for Secretary of State, Thomas Hillhouse was nominated for Comptroller and John C. Robinson was nominated for State Engineer. They declined to run, and Sigel, Greeley and Taylor were substituted by the State Committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024825-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 New York state election, Results\nThe incumbents Nelson, Allen, Champlain, Bristol and Richmond were re-elected. The incumbents Woodruff, Mason and Hayt were defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024825-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 New York state election, Results\n18 Democrats and 14 Republicans were elected to a two-year term (1870-1871) in the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024825-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 New York state election, Results\n73 Democrats and 55 Republicans were elected for the session of 1870 to the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024825-0005-0000", "contents": "1869 New York state election, Sources\nResult in  compiled by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024826-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Newfoundland general election\nThe 1869 Newfoundland general election was held in 1869 to elect members of the 10th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Newfoundland Colony. 21 Anti-Confederates (A-C) were elected against 9 Confederates (Con), ending for a moment the debate over joining the Dominion of Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024827-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Newton by-election\nThe 1869 Newton by-election was a by-election held on 19 March 1869 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Auckland electorate of Newton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024827-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Newton by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP George Graham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024827-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Newton by-election\nHe was replaced by Robert James Creighton. Some electors were opposed to the centralising of government in Wellington which they suggested Wrigg favoured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024828-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Nottingham by-election\nThe Nottingham by-election of 1869 was fought on 16 June 1869. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Sir Robert Juckes Clifton. It was won by the Liberal candidate Charles Seely.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024829-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Oamaru by-election\nThe 1869 Oamaru by-election was a by-election on 25 May 1869 in the Oamaru electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024829-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Oamaru by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Robert Campbell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024829-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Oamaru by-election\nHe was replaced by Charles Christie Graham. As there were no other nominations, he was duly declared elected. He acknowledged that he was not a local man.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024830-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1869 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 12, 1869. Incumbent Republican Rutherford B. Hayes defeated Democratic nominee George H. Pendleton with 50.74% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024831-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Open Championship\nThe 1869 Open Championship was the tenth Open Championship and was held on 16 September at Prestwick Golf Club. Tom Morris, Jr. won the championship for the second successive time, by 11 strokes from Bob Kirk. Just 14 players entered the Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024831-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Open Championship\nTom Morris, Jr. dominated the championship, leading by three strokes after the first round, four after second and eventually winning by 11 strokes. After the first round Davie Strath and Bob Kirk were both three shots behind Morris. Strath was in second place after two rounds but finished with a 60 to finish third behind Kirk who scored 57.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024831-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Open Championship\nMorris's first round included a hole-in-one at the 8th hole and his total of 50 (6-4-4-6-5-5-3-1-6-3-3-4) was only one behind his record of the previous year. In the second round Kirk took four strokes in one bunker (the \"Alps\"), scoring 10, while in the last round he took three shots in another (the \"Cardinal's Nob\"). He had four twos over the three rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024831-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 Open Championship, Final leaderboard\nThe remaining five players withdrew and did not complete the 36 holes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024832-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election\nThe 1869 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on October 12, 1869. Incumbent governor John W. Geary, a Republican, was a candidate for re-election. Geary defeated Democratic candidate Asa Packer to win another term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024833-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Philoctetes\n1869 Philoctetes /f\u026al\u0259k\u02c8ti\u02d0ti\u02d0z/ is a Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 23 kilometers in diameter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024833-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Philoctetes\nIt was discovered on September 24, 1960, by the Dutch and Dutch\u2013American astronomers Cornelis van Houten, Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory on Palomar Mountain, California. The asteroid was named after  Philoctetes from Greek mythology. On the same night, the same group also discovered 1868 Thersites.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024833-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Philoctetes, Orbit and classification\nPhiloctetes orbits in the L4 Lagrangian point of the Sun\u2013Jupiter system, in the \"Greek Camp\" of Trojan asteroids. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.9\u20135.6\u00a0AU once every 11 years and 11 months (4,353 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 4\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 42], "content_span": [43, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024833-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 Philoctetes, Physical characteristics\nAccording to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Philoctetes measures 22.7 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.104.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 42], "content_span": [43, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024833-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 Philoctetes, Physical characteristics\nAs of 2017, the body's rotation period and shape remain unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 42], "content_span": [43, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024833-0005-0000", "contents": "1869 Philoctetes, Survey designation\nThe survey designation P-L stands for Palomar\u2013Leiden, named after Palomar Observatory and Leiden Observatory, which collaborated on the fruitful Palomar\u2013Leiden survey in the 1960s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Cornelis Johannes van Houten and Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld at Leiden Observatory. The trio are credited with several thousand asteroid discoveries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024833-0006-0000", "contents": "1869 Philoctetes, Naming\nThis minor planet was named after the Greek mythological figure Philoctetes, famed archer and participant in the Trojan War, where he killed Paris, son of the Trojan King Priam. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1975 (M.P.C. 3826).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue\nThe 1869 Pictorial Issue is a series of definitive United States postage stamps released during the first weeks of the Grant administration. Ten types of stamp in denominations between one cent and ninety cents were initially offered in the series, with eight of these introduced on March 19 and 20, 1869 and the two greatest values being distributed somewhat later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0000-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue\nDuring May, however, the Post Office began distributing a revised version of the 15-cent stamp, in which the original, poorly aligned frame had been modified (a diamond shape was added above the vignette); and collectors consider this eleventh stamp an integral part of the Pictorial Issue. The two 15-cent stamps were assigned separate Scott Catalogue numbers: 118 and 119.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue\nThe term \"pictorial\" denotes a revolutionary aspect of the 1869 series. Here the designers rethought the concept of what constituted an appropriate stamp subject, changing the established convention that U.S. postage stamps should present images only of dead statesmen. Such statesman-portraits appear, in fact, on only three values of the pictorial issue: the 1-cent Franklin, the 6-cent Washington and the 90-cent Lincoln. The other seven denominations contain a variety of images. Three stamps illustrate means of postal transportation: delivery on horseback (2 cent), by locomotive (3 cent) and by steamship (12 cent).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0001-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue\nTwo others present historical tableaux drawn from famous paintings of crucial hemispheric events: John Vanderlyn's Landing of Columbus (15 cent) and John Trumbull's Declaration of Independence (24 cent). The 30 cent was designed to be similar to the 15 cent and 24 cent stamps. It was to use a vignette that showed the British surrender after the Battle of Saratoga in 1777. The Post Office decided at the last minute not to annoy the British and so used the 10 cent Patriotic Eagle and Shield design again with the addition of flags.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0001-0002", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue\nAn innovation no less striking of the 1869 pictorials was the introduction of the first two-color stamps of U.S. postal history, on the four denominations of 15 cents and greater. Each color had to be printed separately; and on a few sheets of the 15-cent, 24-cent and 30-cent stamps, the paper was placed in the press upside down for the second printing, resulting in America's first invert errors. These error stamps command high prices: at an auction in early 2011, used copies of the three inverts realized a total of a quarter of a million U.S. dollars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue\nDuring the past century, the pictorial series has enjoyed warm praise in philatelic commentaries: some have expressed admiration for the boldness of its concept and the skill of its miniaturistic engraving by James Smillie, others, affection for the period charm of its illustrations. The 12-cent value, with its image of the S. S. Adriatic, is described often as a particularly beautiful stamp. The S.S. Adriatic was the Concorde of her day. Very fast across the Atlantic, subsidized by the government, but still an economic disaster. By 1860, the ship had been sold to the British.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0002-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue\nStill others writers cite the nostalgic associations of the pictorials, noting that for most collectors of American stamps, the 3-cent locomotive\u2014- a common item of which many cheap copies are available\u2014- was the first issue of real antiquity they were able to collect, in the otherwise empty early pages of their albums. Most other values in the series, by contrast, are rare, especially the greater denominations, and for this reason as well the issue is venerated by many collectors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, The controversy over the series\nQuite different, however, was the reception the pictorials faced in the months after their release during 1869. Early philatelic reviews were favorable, but soon severe criticism began to appear in the press, and the stamps rapidly became disreputable. As early as September, newspapers announced that the Post Office was planning a new definitive issue to supplant the unpopular series, and the replacements went on sale during April, 1870\u2014 less than thirteen months after the pictorials had first been vended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0003-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, The controversy over the series\nThe new issue cost the taxpayer nothing, for the National Banknote Company's contract for U.S. stamp production required it to furnish\u2014- as the Postmaster stated in a written report\u2014- \"new designs and plates ... at the pleasure of the Postmaster General, without additional cost to the department\". The remarkably brief tenure of the pictorials meant that relatively few stamps could be printed, which accounts for their present scarcity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, The controversy over the series\nMany accounts characterize the strident criticism that greeted the pictorials as a spontaneous, broad-based public reaction, motivated by the patriotic conviction that national heroes were the only acceptable subjects for U.S. stamps. The truth, however, seems to be more complicated, for the tone of much of the press commentary about the pictorials suggests that an organized campaign was attempting to discredit them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0004-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, The controversy over the series\nTo liken the design on the 30-cent stamp to \"a bunch of rags hung out of a junk shop\" as least raises an aesthetic issue; but the statement that the 2-cent stamp represented \"Booth's Death ride into Maryland\" is surely defamation pure and simple, indicating an agenda that has little to do with the question of stamp design.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0005-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, The controversy over the series\nThat the pictorials had been created by the widely reviled Johnson administration was scarcely likely to win them adherents. Grant's postmaster and his team were constrained to issue them without having had any say in their design or production, and thus had no reason either to like or to defend the new issue. Moreover, even before the pictorials appeared they had already acquired enemies as a result of the previous year's unusually contentious competition for the contract to produce the 1869 U.S. stamps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0005-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, The controversy over the series\nThe designs and printing proposals offered by the National Banknote Company during June 1868 had been chosen by the Post Office, despite the fact that another company\u2014- Butler, Carpenter\u2014- had submitted a lesser bid. The deciding factor may have been that National had the rights to the patented apparatus used for incising stamps with grill-patterns, a procedure the Post Office had recently adopted in hopes of making it impossible to clean the cancellations from stamps and reuse them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0005-0002", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, The controversy over the series\nNevertheless, Butler, Carpenter strenuously protested the rejection of their low bid and mustered an array of allies in a protracted attempt to have the contract reassigned to them\u2014- even contriving to have an investigation begun by a Congressional committee, which delayed the actual signing of the contract with National until December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0006-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, The controversy over the series\nIn this climate of ill will, a set such as the pictorials\u2014- an issue that avoided moderate solutions\u2014- was particularly vulnerable, for features of the new stamps that were unfamiliar could easily be characterized as hopeless flaws by opponents who had been involved with the Butler, Carpenter fight. The pictures, in fact, were only one unusual factor. The stamps were smaller in dimension than previous ones and nearly square in format, in contrast to the oblong shape that had been customary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0006-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, The controversy over the series\nThe reduced size enabled National to fit 150 stamp-images on a pane instead of the normal 100, and Butler, Carpenter had characterized this shrinkage as a penny-pinching short-cut that reeked of unfair competition. It is perhaps not a coincidence that public criticisms frequently deplored the small size and unfamiliar shape of the pictorials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0007-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, The controversy over the series\nNot all objections, however, can be dismissed as illegitimate. It was surely impolitic to oust Washington from his accustomed place on the normal first-class-letter stamp and replace him with a Baldwin locomotive. The New York Evening Mail fulminated: \"Our old three cent stamps were as perfect as they well could be\u2026. They were National and American, as they ought to have been. The head of Washington was venerable\u2026. But now think of the miserable, confused looking thing, with its wretched printing, that the Post Office has given us for the present three cent stamp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0007-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, The controversy over the series\nIt is neither historical, national, [nor] beautiful\u2026. What is there in a big chimney on a railroad carriage to indicate the nationality of our postal system[?].\" Some critics registered complaints about poor quality gum, which may have been justified. Deriding the small size of the stamps, \"[t]he comic papers exhibited caricatures in which the people were looking for their stamps in their pocket books with powerful microscopes.\" And the designs were particularly vulnerable to being rendered unattractive or even risible by the poor quality control exercised by the still infant stamp production industry. Only collectors of exceptional affluence are able to afford well-centered copies of the pictorials; less fortunate hobbyists must often settle for lopsided examples that must have been even more displeasing to those who bought them at post offices during 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 924]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0008-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Design and production\nBy early 1868, the existing definitive series of U.S. stamps had been used for more than six years and plates were no longer in pristine condition. Problematic as well was that these stamps had indelible associations with the Civil War, a calamity that was an unpopular association in America. The printer of these stamps, the National Banknote Company, was operating under a contract that expired in February 1869, which meant that the Post Office would soon have to solicit bids for a new four-year stamp-production contract.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0008-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Design and production\nThese circumstances made 1868 an ideal year for the Post Office to plan a new definitive stamp series: for bidders on the contract could be required to submit essays for new stamp designs along with their proposals. The Post Office advertisement for bids recommended a new imaginative method, even stating \"that there should be variety in the sizes as well as the designs of the stamps\". While a variety of sizes was not ultimately produced, this stipulation may have been the germ of the decision to adopt a new size and new shape for the pictorials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0009-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Design and production\nIn fact, the 1869 issue was the first that offered designers the opportunity to plan an omnibus U.S. definitive series as a coherent whole, with the subjects and visual styles of individual stamps chosen to harmonize with one another in the context of an overall plan. The 1851\u201361 series had grown piecemeal, beginning with only three stamps to which five more were haphazardly added, resulting in a lopsided pantheon (Washington graced no fewer than five of the stamps).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0009-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Design and production\nThe next issue, of 1861, had to be prepared hastily (the aim was to prevent the Confederacy from converting previous U.S. stamps into cash), and as a result, no thought was given to appropriate stamp subjects: on each denomination the same statesman was depicted as in the previous series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0009-0002", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Design and production\nIn contrast to these almost accidental accumulations, \"the new series was intended in some sort to portray the history of the Post Office in the United States, beginning with Franklin, the Continental postmaster and the post rider of the early days, followed by the locomotive of a later day and the Ocean Steamer carrying the mails\u2026, the most important scenes in the early history of the country, its triumphant arms, and Washington its first and Lincoln its last President.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0010-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Design and production\nIn keeping with the suggestions in the Post Office advertisement, the essays that National Banknote Company submitted for the new issue on July 22, 1869, indeed represented a fresh approach. Six of the designs (1\u00a2, 2\u00a2, 3\u00a2, 12\u00a2, 15\u00a2 and 24\u00a2) were accepted with few alterations (most of the changes involved making the numerals larger\u2014- which, on some values, was not an aesthetic improvement). The remaining essays were quite different from the stamps ultimately issued.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0010-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Design and production\nOne interesting feature is that this July 22 version of the series placed Washington on two denominations\u2014- not a surprising duplication, given that so many Washington stamps had been included in the two previous definitive series. National submitted both five-cent and ninety-cent Washington essays. A five-cent stamp had been included in both preceding series, but this denomination was discarded late in the production of the pictorials in favor of a more useful six-cent value (easily created by revamping the five-cent Washington design). This was the first six-cent stamp ever issued by the U.S. Post Office. The ninety-cent essay uses the same Washington image that had been employed for the 90-cent Washington stamp from 1861, and it places this portrait in the same frame that would later enclose Lincoln in the 1869 issue's final version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 892]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0011-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Design and production\nThe July essays assigned Lincoln to the 10-cent value, while the 15- and 24-cent tableaux were accompanied by a third historical scene for the 30-cent denomination, drawn from John Trumbull's painting The Surrender of General Burgoyne at the Battle of Saratoga (this design was never produced in two colors, but has been conjecturally colorized here in the approximate shades of the 30-cent stamp that was issued). After Lincoln had been moved to the 90-cent stamp, a 10-cent version of the Signing of the Declaration was mooted, but around September, National provided the present Eagle-and-Shield design for the denomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0011-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Design and production\nLate in production, the Post Office eliminated the Burgoyne stamp, fearing it would offend the British. The resulting vacancy in the series was filled by an ingenious adaptation of the Eagle and Shield: this tableau appears in red on 30-cent value, framed by flags, stars and halations of light printed in blue (while the flags are monocolored, the general red, white and blue impression of the stamp as a whole carries over to them).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0011-0002", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Design and production\nMany years later, during 1927, another engraving of Trumbull's painting would appear on a 2-cent sesquicentennial commemorative (prompting no British objection); and during 1994 the original Burgoyne 1869 tableau was finally issued on a stamp in a replica, printed entirely in blue but now somewhat enlarged in size and valued one dollar rather than the original 30-cents. The Postal Service labeled this stamp \"The Battle of Saratoga\", downplaying the tableau's aspect as an image of English defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0012-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Design and production\nOwing to the new size of the pictorials, the National Banknote company embossed them with a smaller grill pattern\u2014- the so-called G-Grill\u2014- than had been used on the previous series. The G-Grill is found only on this 1869 issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0013-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, A second competitor\nHowever much of a role Butler, Carpenter played in the press campaign against the 1869 Pictorials, another of National's rivals\u2014- the Continental Bank Note Company\u2014- considered the issue's failure as an opportunity to expand its own government business. Continental already supplied the nation with revenue stamps, and the company now attempted to wrest the postage stamp contract from National. During late 1869, Continental prepared preliminary essays for a new series of definitive stamps and submitted them to the Postmaster. These designs resembled the company's revenue stamps, engraved in a distinctive style marked by intricate fine-line filigree meant to combat counterfeiting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0013-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, A second competitor\nYet Continental's essays were also planned to satisfy two criteria specific to the postage stamp controversy. First, in a rebuke to the Pictorials, each stamp featured a portrait of a statesman, as postal tradition had dictated. In addition, however, Continental attempted to provide the sort of national overview that the Pictorials' historical tableaux had suggested (neglecting this aspect might conceivably have invited unfavorable comparison). Thus on the Continental essays, each image of a president was accompanied by text that cited one of his significant contributions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0013-0002", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, A second competitor\nThe word \"Independence\" and the year \"1776\" accordingly appeared at the top of the 1\u00a2 Washington stamp, while \"Emancipation\" and \"Proclamation\" surrounded the \"3\" on the Lincoln stamp. In the 6\u00a2 \"Monroe Doctrine\" essay, a blank oval\u2014unquestionably intended to be filled by a bust of Monroe\u2014was provided within the numeral. Apparently, the Post Office returned these essays to Continental as rejected at the end of the year. Indeed, no basis existed for ousting National, given that that firm\u2014in punctilious compliance with its contract\u2014had been submitting satisfactory essays for a new definitive issue since September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0014-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Aftermath\nThe failure of the 1869 issue had lasting consequences for U.S. postage stamp design. For the 1870 series, in response to complaints about the small dimensions of the pictorials, the Post Office adopted a larger size for postage stamps than ever before. Bidders on the 1873 production contract were not asked to submit stamp essays because the Post Office intended to retain the 1870 designs; accordingly, the winner\u2014the Continental Banknote Company\u2014took over National's 1870 printing plates, making small \"secret mark\" alterations to identify their product.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0014-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Aftermath\nAll during the 1870s and 80s these designs remained; and while some were reengraved and a few new denominations were added, the Post Office did not dare to change the general appearance of U.S. stamps until 1890. Pictorial designs did not appear on stamps for ordinary mail until 1893: and those issues were carefully promoted as a special series in honor of that year's Columbian Exposition\u2014one that would soon disappear, leaving national heroes as the sole subjects for definitives. It was not until the series of 1922\u201325 that the Post Office again placed pictures on definitive stamps\u2014confining them, however, to values of 15 cents and above; the lower denominations still presented the normal portraits presidents and other famous Americans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0015-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Aftermath\nThe 1869 pictorials had a brief moment of re-exposure when reprints of them appeared in 1875 (the Post Office that year reprinted many of its old issues, intending to display every U.S. postage stamp ever produced in its exhibit at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876). In contrast to the rejection these designs met in 1869, centennial collectors welcomed the reprints and hastened to acquire them. The most obvious distinction between the originals and the 1875 versions is that the latter have no grills.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0015-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Aftermath\nAnother difference is that yet a third type of the 15-cent stamp now appeared, similar in framing to the first 1869 version, but with some shading behind the vignette removed. Used re-issues are much less common than the regular issues \u2013 there are around 5,000 used 90 cent compared with about 40 re-issues. There are less than 500 used examples in total for the ten denominations, less than 100 of any one denomination. The 3 cent Locomotive is the rarest re-issue, with about 16 copies known, followed by the 12 cent with about 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0016-0000", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Aftermath\nToward the end of the twentieth century, the U.S. Postal Service took a renewed interest in the pictorials. In 1989, at the World Stamp Expo (held in Washington, D.C. in conjunction with the 20th Congress of the Universal Postal Union), the Postal Service issued a souvenir sheet containing four images of the 90-cent Lincoln stamp from 1869: one in the original red and black colors, the other three in various trial color combinations. Five years later, two new stamps appeared to commemorate the 125th anniversary of the pictorials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024834-0016-0001", "contents": "1869 Pictorial Issue, Aftermath\nOne offered the Battle of Saratoga design from the 1869 30-cent essay, reworked (as aforesaid) as a one-dollar stamp. The other was a five-dollar issue based on a distinctly odd experimental three-cent essay probably intended for the pictorials: a design for a diamond-shaped stamp (corners top and bottom) presenting a dual portrait of Washington and Jackson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024835-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 11 April 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024836-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1869 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1869 college football season. The team finished with a 1\u20131 record and was retroactively named national champions by the Billingsley Report and National Championship Foundation, and as the co-national champions by Parke H. Davis. Princeton's first captain was William S. Gummere, who was 17 during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024836-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Princeton Tigers football team\nOn November 6, the team played at Rutgers in what has been called the first intercollegiate American football game. Rutgers won the game 6\u20134, which was played using rules adapted from the Football Association rules of the time, which more closely resembled soccer than current American football. Rutgers traveled to Princeton the next week to play under Princeton's rules, the Tigers won 8\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024837-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Radnor Boroughs by-election\nThe Radnor Boroughs by-election of 1869 was fought on 25 February 1869. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Richard Green-Price. It was won by the Liberal candidate, the Marquess of Hartington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024838-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Renfrewshire by-election\nThe Renfrewshire by-election of 1869 was fought on 25 January 1869. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP Archibald Alexander Speirs. It was won by the unopposed Liberal candidate Henry Bruce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024839-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Rockhampton colonial by-election\nThe Rockhampton colonial by-election, 1869 was a by-election held on 6 December 1869 in the electoral district of Rockhampton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024839-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Rockhampton colonial by-election, History\nOn 19 November 1869, Archibald Archer, member for Rockhampton, resigned. Henry Milford won the resulting by-election on 6 December 1869, but did not take his seat in parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024839-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Rockhampton colonial by-election, History\nEventually this triggered another by-election in June 1870; although Milford contested this by-election, he was defeated  by Alexander Fyfe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024840-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Roslyn by-election\nThe 1869 Roslyn by-election was a by-election for the electorate of Roslyn in Dunedin on 12 February 1869 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024840-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Roslyn by-election\nThe by-election resulted from the resignation of the previous member George Hepburn on 9 January 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024840-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Roslyn by-election\nThe by-election was won by Henry Driver who defeated Colin Allen by 215 votes to 89, giving him a majority of 126 votes. In his acceptance speech Driver doubted if the result would be received with pleasure by the Government in Wellington. Driver got a majority of votes in North East Valley, Mornington and Caversham, while Allen got a majority of votes in his home district of Kaikorai.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024841-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1869 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1869 college football season. The team finished with a 1\u20131 record and was retroactively named the co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. They played Princeton two times, splitting the series one game apiece. The team had no coach, and its captain was William Leggett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024842-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Salisbury by-election\nThe Salisbury by-election of 1869 was fought on 5 August 1869. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Edward William Terreck Hamilton. It was won by the Liberal candidate Alfred Seymour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale\nThe Saxby Gale was a tropical cyclone which struck eastern Canada's Bay of Fundy region on the night of October 4\u20135, 1869. The storm was named for Lieutenant Stephen Martin Saxby, a naval instructor who, based on his astronomical studies, had predicted extremely high tides in the North Atlantic Ocean on October 1, 1869, which would produce storm surges in the event of a storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Effects\nThe hurricane caused extensive destruction to port facilities and communities along the Bay of Fundy coast in both New Brunswick and Nova Scotia as well as Maine, particularly Calais, St. Andrews, St. George, Saint John, Moncton, Sackville, Amherst, Windsor and Truro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Effects\nMuch of the devastation was attributed to a two-metre storm surge created by the storm which coincided with a perigean spring tide; the Bay of Fundy having one of the highest tidal ranges in the world. The Saxby Gale storm surge produced a water level which gave Burntcoat Head, Nova Scotia, the honor of having the highest tidal range ever recorded. It is also thought to have formed the long gravel beach that connects Partridge Island, Nova Scotia, to the mainland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Effects\nThe storm also produced waves which, combined with the storm surge, breached dykes protecting low-lying farmland in the Minas Basin and the Tantramar Marshes, sending ocean waters surging far inland to inundate farms and communities. Sailing ships in various harbors were tossed about and/or broken up against wharves and breakwaters which were also destroyed. Farmers trying to rescue livestock from fields along shorelines drowned after dykes were breached. There were at least 37\u00a0deaths between Maine, New Brunswick, and New York. The gale destroyed miles of the newly completed Windsor and Annapolis Railway along the Minas Basin near Horton and Wolfville, Nova Scotia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm\nThe storm (which pre-dated the practice of naming hurricanes) was given the name \"Saxby\" in honor of Lieutenant Stephen Martin Saxby, Royal Navy, who was a naval instructor and amateur astronomer. Lt . Saxby had written a letter of warning, published December 25, 1868, in London's The Standard newspaper in which he notes the astronomical forces predicted for October 5, 1869, which would produce extremely high tides in the North Atlantic Ocean during the height of hurricane season. Lt . Saxby followed this warning with a reminder published on September 16, 1869, to The Standard in which he also warns of a major \"atmospheric disturbance\" that would coincide with the high water level at an undetermined location. Many newspapers took up Saxby's warning in the coming days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 36], "content_span": [37, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0005-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm\nIn a monthly weather column published October 5, 1869, in Halifax's The Evening Express, amateur meteorologist Frederick Allison relayed Lt. Saxby's warning for a devastating storm the following week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 36], "content_span": [37, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0006-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm\nDespite the warning, many readers throughout the United Kingdom, Canada, Newfoundland and the United States dismissed Saxby since there were frequent gales and hurricanes during the month of October. The fact that the high tides occurred throughout the North Atlantic basin was unremarkable and astronomically predictable, except for their coinciding with the hurricane which struck the Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy to produce the devastating storm surge. Lt . Saxby's predictions were considered quite lunatic at the time. Some believed that his predictions were founded upon astrology, which was not the case.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 36], "content_span": [37, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0007-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Dec. 25, 1868\nSir, \u2013 on the 1st June, 1863, you, in your journal, kindly permitted me to offer a special warning as to the period between the 10th and 13th December of that year. After giving my reasons for expecting very serious weather in that December, I said, \"Now let any man tell me what other influence can be adduced to coincide for that period so as to increase the chance of our having the most destructive storm and the most dangerous tide with which the earth can without miracle be visited.\" Well-known and widely-known fulfillments justified this prediction, and those results are my apology for asking permission to acquaint the world through your columns with what threatens, not only us in Great Britain, but all parts of the earth as about to happen in the coming year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 73], "content_span": [74, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0008-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Dec. 25, 1868\nSome of your readers may probably be incredulous as to weather warnings given so long an interval before an expected danger: allow me, therefore, first to give at least one authentic instance of absolute fulfillment (as published by me some time early in 1864).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 73], "content_span": [74, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0009-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Dec. 25, 1868\nA stranger to me, Captain Sturley, of Burnhamovery, wrote to me on 2d November, 1863, as follows: \u2013 \"Observing your letter in the Standard of 1st June,\" &c., \u2026 \"would you still advise us to take every precaution against this coming tide?\" (I strongly renewed my advice as to the sea walls of the Lincolnshire and Norfolk fens). On 21st December, 1863, he again wrote: \u2013 \"the tide made its appearance much earlier than usual \u2013 at 7:45 (a.m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 73], "content_span": [74, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0009-0001", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Dec. 25, 1868\nSunday 13th), the tide was at its highest, being a very large tide; should we have had a gale from the northwest it would have overflowed all our banks. I think you were perfectly justified in giving warning. I may say your warning has induced a long neglected sea bank to be put in repair.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 73], "content_span": [74, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0010-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Dec. 25, 1868\nI need to say no more, except that on the same day (Dec.13) the dock master of the Victoria Dock, London, found 30\u00a0feet water on the dock sill, which enabled him to dock the largest merchant ship afloat (The Great Republic), and also the ironclad Monitor (their being an excessive rise of about eight feet).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 73], "content_span": [74, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0011-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Dec. 25, 1868\nI now beg leave to the state, with regard to 1869, that at seven a.m., on October 5, the moon will be at that part of her orbit which is nearest to the earth. Her attraction will, therefore, be at its maximum force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 73], "content_span": [74, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0011-0001", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Dec. 25, 1868\nAt noon of the same day the moon will be on the earth's equator, a circumstance which never occurs without mark atmospheric disturbance, and at two p.m. of the same day lines drawn from the earth center would cut the sun and moon in the same arc of right ascension (the moon's attraction and the sun's attraction will therefore be acting in the same direction); in other words, the new moon will be on the earth's equator when in perigee, and nothing more threatening can, I say, occur without miracle. (The earth, it is true, will not be in perihelion and by some 16 or 17 seconds of semi-diameter.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 73], "content_span": [74, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0012-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Dec. 25, 1868\nWith your permission, I will, during September next, for the safety of mariners, briefly reminding your readers of this warning. In the meantime there will be time for the repair of unsafe sea walls, and for the circulation of this notice by means of your far-reaching voice, throughout the wide world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 73], "content_span": [74, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0013-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Dec. 25, 1868\nAt the period referred to in 1863 the moon happened to be any extreme south declination, and accordingly the greater devastation occurred in the Southern Hemisphere (e.g. Melbourne \u2013 vide The Times of Feb. 13 1864 \u2013 the Cape of Good Hope &c.), but next year the two hemispheres will be affected alike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 73], "content_span": [74, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0014-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Dec. 25, 1868\nI am quite aware that in taking this step I am allowing a sense of social duty to outweigh personal considerations; but I accept the consequences. \u2013 I have, &c.,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 73], "content_span": [74, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0015-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Sept. 16, 1869\nSir, \u2013 I owe every apology before again presumed in to seek a small space in your journal, but I am afraid the general popular attribution of the present serious gales to equinoctial causes may allow the seaman into a dangerous feeling of security when these gales leave us.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 74], "content_span": [75, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0016-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Sept. 16, 1869\nWe read long and painful lists of casualties from \"fearful gales,\" \"fierce jails,\" \"frightful hurricanes,\" &c., at Padstow, Falmouth, and Weymouth respectively; while a \"tale of unparalleled fury\" is described as felt at Weston-super-Mare and Boulogne, &c.\u00a0; so that passing occurrences, taken in connection with my warning of October 5 to 7, are sufficiently serious, if I have not (as some people seem to think I have) mistaken in the period of greatest danger altogether.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 74], "content_span": [75, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0017-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Sept. 16, 1869\nI am sorry to say that they present of weather has nothing to do with the equinox\u00a0: these are not equinoctial gales; they are to come. The mere equinoxes has only power to cause a serious disturbance when it occurs in unison with luni-solar influences. We must remember the present prevailing succession of gales set in a few hours before my marked 6th to 10th inst. (we will say within bounds), more than a fortnight before the equinox actually takes place. Equinoctial gales are the effect of an equinox, which effect must, of course, be preceded by the cause. As well we might expect to hear the report of a gun a fortnight before it is fired, as to have equinoctial gales set in weeks before the sun crosses the equator, late p.m. on the 22nd inst.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 74], "content_span": [75, 827]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0018-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Sept. 16, 1869\nLetters to me from the coast manifest considerable anxiety as to October 5th to 7th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 74], "content_span": [75, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0019-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Sept. 16, 1869\nIt is a high responsibility, but with my strong convictions, resulting from experience, what am I to do when asked whether I will endeavour, as much as in me lies, to prevent loss of life and property? Can I forget the lives I may in person have assisted to save? Can one ever forget his experiences when, on many occasions, forming one of a lifeboat's crew at the Goodwin?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 74], "content_span": [75, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0020-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Sept. 16, 1869\nMy suggestions have been thankfully received by those whose lives would soon be periled by disregard of warnings. Fishermen may be induced not to sail for the Dogger Bank without every precaution; pilots and those whose work lies in the English Channel are forewarned and will be forearmed; and, indeed, will be better prepared for the worst if you will kindly permit me, sir, to state again the reason why I expected extreme bad weather in October. It is still imperfectly understood by the multitude.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 74], "content_span": [75, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0021-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Sept. 16, 1869\nI discovered some years since that neither the moon nor the sun ever crosses the earth's equator without causing atmospheric disturbance, and especially in the winter months. The disturbance is greatly intensified when the new moon in perigee happens at such periods.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 74], "content_span": [75, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0022-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Sept. 16, 1869\nNow, the new moon was in perigee (that is to say, the moon was at the part of her orbit nearest to the earth and is a direct line with the sun), on the 6th instant, thus combining three powers of attraction of the two bodies. About 30 hours afterwards the moon crossed the equator, and hence arose the continuation of atmospheric disturbance (as it always does in similar cases) which often takes so long to subsided.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 74], "content_span": [75, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0022-0001", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Sept. 16, 1869\nThe consequences of this disturbance are interchanges of air currents, to the disturbance of temperature, inducing condensation of vapor, resulting in partial vacuums, which the rushing in of air tends to equilibrate; hence we have in and from these, gales and showers of a strength and quantity perfectly inestimable, except from comparisons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 74], "content_span": [75, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0023-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Sept. 16, 1869\nNow between the two causes referred to and a third cause of disturbance there was, I say, an interval of about 30 hours; but in October next all three corresponding causes will occur within a space of seven hours \u2013 i.e. perigee on the 5th at 7 a.m., lunar equinox at noon, and new moon at 2 p.m..", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 74], "content_span": [75, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0023-0001", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Sept. 16, 1869\nSo that even from these causes alone ought to expect in October increased disturbance; but this will furthermore be intensified by the circumstances of the sun's being nearer to us in October that it was on the 7th September by at least eight seconds of parallax, or about one quarter of his whole yearly change of distance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 74], "content_span": [75, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0024-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Letter to the Editor, Sept. 16, 1869\nTherefore, one is justified in expecting (to say the least) quite as great an atmospheric disturbance early in October as we have had since 6th inst. ; and I am sorry to say the same may be expected with equal uncertainty and intensity on the 1st to 3rd November next. The warnings apply to all parts of the world; effects may be felt more in some places that in others. It is painful to have to forebode evil; but better thus than to merit self-reproach under circumstances which might lead to permanent regrets. Could I save one life, it would be very cheaply purchased in making better known certain laws of nature. \u2013 I have the honor to be Sir, your obedient servant,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 74], "content_span": [75, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0025-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Op-Ed Column, Oct. 1, 1869\nMy attention has been drawn to a letter of Capt. Saxby, R.N., to the Standard of London in which a remarkable atmospheric disturbance is predicted for the coming 5th of October, as the result of the relative positions of the Earth, the Sun, and the Moon, on that day. It may be remembered that a similar prediction of weather likely to occur about the same period, based on similar reasoning, was given to the world some months ago, by an observer in one of the West Indian Islands. Other calculations from district sources point to like conclusions. I have been asked my opinion with regard to these forecasts; and would thus state it publicly, in the hope of doing some good.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 64], "content_span": [65, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0026-0000", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Op-Ed Column, Oct. 1, 1869\nI believe that a heavy gale will be encountered here on Tuesday next, the 5th Oct., beginning perhaps on Monday night, possibly deferred as late this Tuesday night; but between those two periods it seems inevitable. At its greatest force the direction of the wind should be South West; having commenced at or near South. Should Monday, the 4th, be a warm day for the season, an additional guarantee of the coming storm will be given. Roughly speaking, the warmer it may be on the 4th, the more violent will be the succeeding storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 64], "content_span": [65, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024843-0026-0001", "contents": "1869 Saxby Gale, Naming of the storm, Op-Ed Column, Oct. 1, 1869\nApart from the theory of the moon's attraction, as applied to meteorology, \u2013 which is disbelief by many \u2013 the experience of any careful observer teaches him to look for a storm at next new moon; and the state of the atmosphere, and consequent weather lately, appears to be leading directly not only to this blow next week, but to a succession of gales during next month. Telegrams from points to the South West of us might give notice of the approach of this storm, and I trust this warning will not be unheeded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 64], "content_span": [65, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024844-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Scarborough by-election\nThe Scarborough by-election of 1869 was fought on 12 March 1869. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP Sir John Vanden-Bempde-Johnstone. It was won by the unopposed Liberal candidate Sir Harcourt Vanden-Bempde-Johnstone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024845-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 South Derbyshire by-election\nThe South Derbyshire by-election of 1869 was fought on 16 January 1869. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Sir Thomas Gresley. It was won by the Conservative candidate Henry Wilmot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024846-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Spanish general election\nGeneral elections to the Cortes Generales were held in Spain on the 15 January 1869. At stake were all 352 seats in the Congress of Deputies, plus 11 Puerto Rican and 18 Cuban additional seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024846-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Spanish general election, History\nThe 1869 elections were the first ones after the Glorious Revolution of 1869, and also the first ones in the Sexenio Democr\u00e1tico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024847-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Stafford by-election\nThe Stafford by-election of 1869 was fought on 7 June 1869. The by-election was fought due to the Void election of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Walter Meller. It was won by the Conservative candidate Thomas Salt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024848-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Swedish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sweden in 1869 to elect the Second Chamber of the Riksdag for a three-year term. In urban areas the elections were direct, whilst in some rural areas the vote was indirect, using electors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024848-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Swedish general election, Electoral system\nSuffrage was given to men over the age of 21 who either had a taxable income of at least 800 riksdaler a year, owned a property worth at least 1,000 riksdaler, or rented a property taxed to at least 6,000 riksdaler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024848-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Swedish general election, Electoral system\nThe Second Chamber had one representative from every Domsaga (or two for Domsaga with a population over 40,000) and one representative for every 10,000 residents of a town (with smaller towns merged into combined constituencies). Candidates were required to be at least 25 years old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024849-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Swiss federal election\nFederal elections were held in Switzerland on 31 October 1869. The Radical Left remained the largest group in the National Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024849-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Swiss federal election, Electoral system\nThe 128 members of the National Council were elected in 47 single- and multi-member constituencies; there was one seat for every 20,000 citizens, with seats allocated to cantons in proportion to their population. The elections were held using a three-round system; candidates had to receive a majority in the first or second round to be elected; if it went to a third round, only a plurality was required. Voters could cast as many votes as there were seats in their constituency. In six cantons (Appenzell Innerrhoden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Glarus, Nidwalden, Obwalden and Uri), National Council members were elected by the Landsgemeinde.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024849-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Swiss federal election, Results, National Council, Summary\nVoter turnout was highest in Aargau at 85.6% (higher than the 79.1% who voted in Schaffhausen, where voting was compulsory) and lowest in Schwyz and Zug at 22.1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024850-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Taieri by-election\nThe 1869 Taieri by-election was a by-election held on 19 June 1869 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Otago electorate of Taieri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024850-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Taieri by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Donald Reid. The by-election was won by Henry Howorth. The runner-up was Thomas Culling, with six candidates having contested the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024851-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Tipperary by-election\nThe Tipperary by-election of 1869 was fought on 27 November 1869. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Charles Moore. It was won by the Independent Nationalist candidate Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024852-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Tower Hamlets by-election\nThe Tower Hamlets by-election of 1869 was fought on 8 November 1869. The by-election was fought due to the incumbent Liberal MP Acton Smee Ayrton becoming First Commissioner of Works and Public Buildings. It was retained by Acton Smee Ayrton who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024853-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Town of Brisbane colonial by-election\nThe Town of Brisbane colonial by-election, 1869 was a by-election held on 10 February 1869 in the electoral district of Town of Brisbane for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024853-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Town of Brisbane colonial by-election, History\nOn 30 January 1869, Theophilus Parsons Pugh, member for Town of Brisbane, resigned. George Edmondstone was elected unopposed at the resulting by-election on 10 February 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024854-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Town of New Plymouth by-election\nThe 1869 Town of New Plymouth by-election was a by-election held  on 28 April 1869 in the Town of New Plymouth electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024854-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Town of New Plymouth by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Harry Atkinson on 18 March 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024854-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Town of New Plymouth by-election\nThis by-election required a poll, unlike previous by-elections in the Town of New Plymouth (1862 by-election, 1863 by-election, 1864 by-election, 1865 by-election and 1867 by-election) when the sole candidate was unopposed and was declared the winner without a show of hands or poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024854-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 Town of New Plymouth by-election\nCarrington, who came second was described as the Father of New Plymouth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024854-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 Town of New Plymouth by-election\nAfter the returning officer had declared the result of the poll, the candidate Mr Upjohn asked if he could have the names of the 15 people who voted for him; the returning officer said he would have to ask for permission from the Government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024855-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nThe 1869 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held on January 19, 1869. Incumbent Charles Sumner was re-elected to a fourth term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024855-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nAt the time, Massachusetts elected United States senators by a majority vote of each separate house of the Massachusetts General Court: the House and the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024855-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background\nIn the 1868 state legislative elections, Republicans maintained an overwhelming majority in both houses. Only 20 Democratic Representatives and two Democratic Senators were elected. This ensured Sumner's re-election in the January session, though there was some speculation that Sumner would vacate his seat to accept a Cabinet appointment in the newly elected Grant administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024856-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 United States Senate election in New York\nThe 1869 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 19, 1869, by the New York State Legislature. Incumbent Senator Edwin D. Morgan stood for a second term in office, but lost the support of the Republican legislative caucus in favor of Reuben Fenton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024856-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nRepublican Edwin D. Morgan had been elected in February 1863 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024856-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nAt the State election in November 1867, 17 Republicans and 15 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1868-1869) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1868, Democrat John T. Hoffman was elected Governor, and 75 Republicans and 53 Democrats were elected for the session of 1869 to the Assembly. The 92nd New York State Legislature met from January 5 to May 11, 1869, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024856-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus\nThe caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 16, Assemblyman John H. Selkreg presided. All 92 legislators were present. They nominated Ex-Governor Reuben E. Fenton for the U.S. Senate. The incumbent U.S. Senator Edwin D. Morgan was very keen on his re-election, but was voted down. Speaker Truman G. Younglove had held back the appointments to the standing Assembly committees until after the caucus, and subsequent election, of a U.S. Senator, and was accused by the Morgan men to have made a bargain to favor the Fenton men with appointments after the election was accomplished. After the caucus, comparing notes, the assemblymen discovered that some of the most important committee chairmanships had been promised to a dozen different members by Speaker Younglove.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 858]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024856-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus\nNote: On the first ballot, 93 votes were cast, one too many, and it was annulled without announcing the result. The above stated result transpired unofficially. The blank vote caused some debate if the result was really invalidated by it, but it was finally agreed to take a second ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024856-0005-0000", "contents": "1869 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Democratic caucus\nThe caucus of the Democratic State legislators met on January 18. State Senator Henry C. Murphy was again nominated, like in 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024856-0006-0000", "contents": "1869 United States Senate election in New York, Election\nIn the Assembly, Republicans DeWitt C. Hoyt (Saratoga Co.) and James O. Schoonmaker (Ulster Co.); and Democrats James Irving (NYC), Lawrence D. Kiernan (NYC), Harris B. Howard (Rensselaer Co.), James B. Pearsall (Queens), John Tighe (Albany Co.) and Moses Y. Tilden (Columbia Co.); did not vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024856-0007-0000", "contents": "1869 United States Senate election in New York, Election\nIn the State Senate, Republicans Matthew Hale (16th D.) and Charles Stanford (15th D.); and Democrats Cauldwell, Thomas J. Creamer, Michael Norton (5th D.) and John J. Bradley (7th D.); did not vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024856-0008-0000", "contents": "1869 United States Senate election in New York, Result\nReuben E. Fenton was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024856-0009-0000", "contents": "1869 United States Senate election in New York, Aftermath\nFenton served one term, and remained in office until March 3, 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024857-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1869 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on January 19, 1869. John Scott was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024857-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results\nThe Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 19, 1869, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1869. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 59], "content_span": [60, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024858-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1869 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 7, 1869. Incumbent Republican John B. Page, per the \"Mountain Rule\", did not run for re-election to another term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Peter T. Washburn, who had served in the Vermont House of Representatives and as Adjutant General of the Vermont Militia, defeated Democratic candidate Homer W. Heaton, a former member of the Vermont House, to succeed him. The 1869 election was the final time the Governor of Vermont was elected for a one-year term; terms were changed to two years beginning in 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024859-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Virginia gubernatorial election\nVirginia's elections of 1869 occurred during the post-American Civil War Reconstruction Era and included African-American candidates and so-called \"carpetbaggers\", politicians from the North, often former Union Army officers, who ran in elections in southern states then under the authority of the Federal government and U.S. Army. The election included the  1869 Virginia gubernatorial election held on July 6, 1869 to elect the governor of Virginia. Gilbert Carlton Walker was elected as a \"True Republican\" defeating H. H. Wells, who was running as a \"Radical Republican.\" Walker switched his party affiliation to Democratic in 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024859-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Virginia gubernatorial election\nElections results brought 21 African Americans to office in the Virginia House of Delegates and six to the Virginia State Senate. Thomas Bayne was a party leader among the African-American group, although he lost the election when a White Republican ran against him in the same election, splitting the vote and allowing a Democrat to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024860-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Waikouaiti by-election\nThe 1869 Waikouaiti by-election was a by-election held on 27 April 1869 in the Waikouaiti electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024860-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Waikouaiti by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Robert Mitchell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024860-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Waikouaiti by-election\nThe by-election was won by Francis Rich. As there were no other nominations, he was duly declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024861-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Wallace by-elections\nThe 1869 Wallace by-elections were two by-elections held in the Wallace electorate in Southland, following two resignations during the 4th New Zealand Parliament", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024862-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Waterford City by-election\nThe Waterford City by-election of 1869 was fought on 22 November 1869. The by-election was fought due to the resignation (Inspector of Irish Fisheries) of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, John Aloysius Blake. It was won by the Liberal candidate Sir Henry Winston Barron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024863-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 West Sussex by-election\nThe West Sussex by-election of 1869 was held on 17 April 1869. The by-election was held due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP Henry Wyndham. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate the Earl of March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024864-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Westbury by-election\nThe Westbury by-election of 1869 was fought on 27 February 1869. The by-election was fought due to the void election of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, John Lewis Phipps. It was won by the Conservative candidate Charles Paul Phipps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024865-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Westmeath by-election\nThe Westmeath by-election of 1869 was fought on 7 January 1869. The by-election arose through the appointment of the incumbent member, Algernon Fulke Greville, as Parliamentary Groom in Waiting, requiring him to seek re-election as was the custom of the time. It was retained by Greville who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024865-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Westmeath by-election\nThis by-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Ireland-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024866-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Wexford Borough by-election\nThe Wexford Borough by-election of 1869 was held on 26 February 1869. The by-election was held because the election of the incumbent Liberal MP, Richard Joseph Devereux had been declared void. It was retained by Devereux who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024867-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Wigtown Burghs by-election\nThe Wigtown Burghs by-election of 1869 was held on 4 January 1869. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, George Young, becoming Solicitor General for Scotland. It was retained by Young who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024868-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1869 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1869. Incumbent Republican Party Governor Lucius Fairchild won re-election with over 53% of the vote, defeating Democratic candidate Charles D. Robinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024868-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Democratic Party\nCharles D. Robinson was a businessman and newspaper publisher and had been the 3rd Secretary of State of Wisconsin. Prior to his nomination for Governor, Robinson had served in the Wisconsin State Assembly for one term, in 1850, had served as a Quartermaster with the Union Army during the American Civil War, and served one term as Mayor of Green Bay, Wisconsin, in 1866. He was the creator, writer, and publisher of the Democratic paper The Green Bay Advocate since 1846.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024868-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Republican Party\nLucius Fairchild was the incumbent Governor of Wisconsin, having been elected in the 1865 election and re-elected in 1867. Prior to his election as Governor, he was Wisconsin Secretary of State for one term. Fairchild had also been a Union Army officer in the American Civil War, having served as a Colonel in the famous Iron Brigade when they participated in fierce fighting at Gettysburg. Fairchild lost an arm due to wounds sustained at Gettysburg, and was later awarded an honorary promotion to Brigadier General.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024869-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 Youghal by-election\nThe Youghal by-election of 1869 was fought on 11 May 1869. The by-election was fought due to the election of the Liberal incumbent MP, Christopher Weguelin, being voided due to bribery. Weguelin had won the seat in the 1868 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024869-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 Youghal by-election\nIt was won by another Liberal candidate Montague John Guest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024870-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 college football season\nThe 1869 college football season was the first season of intercollegiate football in the United States. While played using improvised rules more closely resembling soccer and rugby than modern gridiron football, it is traditionally considered the inaugural college football season. The 1869 season consisted of only two games, both between Rutgers and Princeton. The first was played on November 6 at Rutgers' campus, and the second was played on November 13 at Princeton's campus. Both games were won by the home team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024870-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 college football season\nThe first college football national championship was awarded retroactively to the two teams. Princeton was named the champion by the Billingsley Report and the National Championship Foundation, while college football research historian Parke H. Davis named Rutgers and Princeton co-champions. Various other ratings and retrospectives have rated the teams differently.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024870-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 college football season\nThe two games were played with rules very different from what is currently understood as American football, and also played under home field rules that differed from each other. However, in both games, there was no running with the ball, each team included 25 players, and the ball was perfectly spherical.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024870-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 college football season, First intercollegiate football game played\nModern folklore places the very first game of college football as a contest between teams from Rutgers College and the College of New Jersey, commonly known as Princeton College. Rutgers won the game by a score of 6\u20134. This game in reality was more reminiscent of \"soccer\" than \"football\" as known today, where each team fields eleven men, the ball could be advanced by picking it up and carrying it, and play is stopped by physically knocking down the ball-carrier. The first such game of college football in the United States in this format was played between Tufts and Harvard Colleges on June 4, 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 72], "content_span": [73, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024870-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 college football season, Rematch\nA rematch was played at Princeton a week later under Princeton rules. One of the biggest differences in rules was the awarding of a \"free kick\" to any player that caught the ball on the fly. This rule seriously affected the speed advantage of Rutgers that had allowed them to win the first contest. Princeton won the second game by a score of 8 to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024870-0005-0000", "contents": "1869 college football season, Aftermath\nThe two schools had originally scheduled to meet three times in 1869, but the third 1869 game never took place, reportedly because of the officials at both programs who complained about more emphasis being put on the contests rather than academics and studying. Other sources claim that it may have been canceled due to disagreement over what set of rules to play under. Due to each team winning one game, the inaugural football season ended with Princeton and Rutgers each tied at 1\u20131, and therefore each received a partial share of the 1869 college football national championship awarded retroactively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024870-0006-0000", "contents": "1869 college football season, Aftermath\nRutgers players from the first game were honored 50 years later in a ceremony at their homecoming. The last surviving member of this Rutgers team was George H. Large, who died in 1939. The last surviving member for Princeton was Robert Preston Lane, who died in 1938.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024871-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 college soccer season\nThe 1869 college soccer season was the fourth season of intercollegiate soccer in the United States. While played using improvised rules resembling American football and rugby, it is also considered one of the first ever college soccer seasons. The 1869 season consisted of only two total games, both of which occurred between Rutgers University and Princeton University; The first was played on November 6 at Rutgers' campus, and the second was played on November 13 at Princeton's campus. The games itself are also considered the first ever college football games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024871-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 college soccer season\nAdditionally, various of college soccer codes were intended to be played between Columbia and Adelphi University, as well as Virginia Military Institute and Washington & Lee University. These matches, to record, were cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024871-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 college soccer season, Matches played\nThere were only two reported matches to be played during the season, both between teams from Rutgers College (now Rutgers University) and the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). Rutgers won the game by a score of 6\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024871-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 college soccer season, Matches played\nIn addition to being considered one of the earlier soccer games reported in the United States, these two games are considered to be the first organized American college football games to ever be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024872-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in Argentina, Deaths\nThis article article about the history of Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024873-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1869 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024874-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024874-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1869 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024874-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1869 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024878-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in Canada, Historical documents\nRed River resident finds those who are opposed to the Metis provisional government are unwilling to resist it", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024879-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1869 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024884-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in India, Deaths\nThis Indian history-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024886-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in Japan\nEvents from the year 1869 in Japan. It corresponds to Meiji 2 in the Japanese calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024887-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in Liberia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1869 in Liberia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024888-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1869 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024893-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1869 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024895-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1869 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024897-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in architecture\nThe year 1869 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024899-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1869  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024899-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 in baseball, Professional matches\nAt its December 1868 meeting the NABBP permitted professional clubs for the first time. There had been no professional clubs outside the Association, and no brand new professional clubs were established for 1869. Rather, the entire first-year effect of the change was that twelve existing members declared professional status. All of them had fielded at least regionally strong teams in 1868 and most if not all had compensated at least some of their players. (Some compensation of players continued in the amateur field.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024899-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 in baseball, Professional matches\nThe Cincinnati Red Stockings were first to sign an all-salary team, ten men for eight months. From the west, the strongest team in Cleveland also joined the pro field. From the eastern corridor there were ten including all of the one-time champions and claimants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024899-0003-0000", "contents": "1869 in baseball, Professional matches\nCincinnati was unbeatable. Otherwise the record of professional matches (see table) is remarkable for its balance, relative to the records of the stronger teams during the amateur era and to most of the following pro seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024899-0004-0000", "contents": "1869 in baseball, Professional matches\nThe Irvingtons did not travel, or win; after July they played only two matches with the Mutuals (four in all). Forest City of Cleveland did not travel far, only to Cincinnati and upstate New York. Those two did not face each other or any of the three teams standing just above them. That imbalance, typical of the time, contributed to the losing records of all five. Weaker teams were weaker gate attractions with less incentive and almost always less ability to travel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024899-0005-0000", "contents": "1869 in baseball, Professional matches\nThe Irvingtons disbanded and the Keystones returned to amateur ranks, but all the others remained in the professional field for 1870. Indeed, all but Cincinnati remained in operation at least to 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024899-0006-0000", "contents": "1869 in baseball, Amateur clubs\nThe amateur ranks during 1869 probably included some clubs who compensated their players by traditional methods such as division of the gate receipts (as Spalding said of Rockford by the end of the decade). Four of the amateurs would \"go pro\" in 1870, including the Forest City of Rockford, Illinois, with some success.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024899-0007-0000", "contents": "1869 in baseball, Amateur clubs\nThe professional field was relatively strong in 1869 and its weaker teams did not play many games. The Forest Citys did not beat any pro teams, but they played only four matches with Cincinnati, losing three by twenty runs and one by merely 14\u201315 on July 24. (They traveled no further than Detroit and Ohio while eastern pros also traveled no further than Ohio, home of their westernmost rivals. Even so, the Forest Citys of Rockford and Cleveland did not get together.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024899-0008-0000", "contents": "1869 in baseball, Amateur clubs\nThe Stars of Brooklyn, led by pitcher Candy Cummings, won 2 of 7 matches with pro teams, beating the Mutuals 26\u201312 on June 19 and the visiting Olympics of Washington 49\u201311 on July 19. They lost five to the Mutuals and Atlantics by only 28 runs, total margin. Harvard college won 1 of 6 against pros, beating the powerful Athletics of Philadelphia 35\u201321 on July 9; the next day they lost a close one to the much weaker Keystones. Against amateurs Star won fourteen with one defeat; Harvard won thirteen with one draw. Next season they would win six each against the slightly larger pro field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024899-0009-0000", "contents": "1869 in baseball, Amateur clubs\nLowell of Boston, listed among the major teams by Bill Ryczek, played three fairly close game against the pros, losing 21\u201326 to the Mutuals, 9\u201329 to undefeated Red Stockings, and 33\u201338 to the Eckfords.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024899-0010-0000", "contents": "1869 in baseball, Amateur clubs\nPastime of Baltimore won 2 of 9 against pro teams, including 1 of 4 local matches Maryland and one with the Troy Haymakers. The Olympics, Mutuals, Athletics, and Keystones beat them four teams by only 32 runs, total margin. Resolute of Elizabeth, New Jersey beat Irvington 16\u201315 and lost twice to the Eckfords.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024899-0011-0000", "contents": "1869 in baseball, Amateur clubs\nThese six amateur teams barely faced each other on the field: Lowell lost six to its local rival Harvard and one to Star (July 5, the Fourth being a Sunday that year). Harvard toured for ten days but played only the professional Eckfords in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024900-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in birding and ornithology\nBirds described in 1869 include Hartlaub's spurfowl, subantarctic shearwater, Himalayan vulture, Palani laughingthrush, Anchieta's barbet and the long-tailed myna.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024900-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 in birding and ornithology, Events\nJohn Gerrard Keulemans was persuaded by Richard Bowdler Sharpe to illustrate his A Monograph of the Alcedinidae, or Family of Kingfishers (1868-1871)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024901-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024903-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024904-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024904-0001-0000", "contents": "1869 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024904-0002-0000", "contents": "1869 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024905-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024906-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in science\nThe year 1869 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024907-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in sports\n1869 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024908-0000-0000", "contents": "1869 in the United Kingdom, Births\n16 August - Vincent Lambert, Suspected Vampire (Unknown date of death)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024911-0000-0000", "contents": "1869\u201370 New South Wales colonial election\nThe 1869\u201370 New South Wales colonial election was held between 3 December 1869 and 10 January 1870. This election was for all of the 72 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 52 single-member constituencies, six 2-member constituencies and two 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult white males. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 15 November 1869 by the Governor, Lord Belmore, on the advice of the Premier, John Robertson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024911-0001-0000", "contents": "1869\u201370 New South Wales colonial election\nThere was no recognisable party structure at this election; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024911-0002-0000", "contents": "1869\u201370 New South Wales colonial election, Results\nNew South Wales colonial election, 3 December 1869 \u2013 10 January 1870\u200aLegislative Assembly << 1864\u201365\u20131872 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024912-0000-0000", "contents": "186th (2/2nd West Riding) Brigade\nThe 186th (2/2nd West Riding) Brigade was a formation of the Territorial Force of the British Army. It was assigned to the 62nd (2nd West Riding) Division and served on the Western Front during the First World War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024912-0001-0000", "contents": "186th (2/2nd West Riding) Brigade, Formation\nThe infantry battalions did not all serve at once, but all were assigned to the brigade during the war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024913-0000-0000", "contents": "186th (Kent) Battalion, CEF\nThe 186th (Kent) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Chatham, Ontario, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16 in Kent County, Ontario. After sailing to England in March 1917, the battalion was absorbed into the 4th Reserve Battalion on April 7, 1917. The 186th (Kent) Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. Smith Neil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024913-0001-0000", "contents": "186th (Kent) Battalion, CEF\nThe 186th Battalion is perpetuated by The Essex and Kent Scottish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024913-0002-0000", "contents": "186th (Kent) Battalion, CEF, Sources\nMeek, John F. Over the Top! The Canadian Infantry in the First World War. Orangeville, Ont. : The Author, 1971.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0000-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron\nThe 186th Aero Squadron was a United States Army Air Service unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0001-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron\nThe squadron was assigned as an Army Observation Squadron, performing long-range, strategic reconnaissance over the entire length of the United States First Army sector of the Western Front in France. After the 1918 Armistice with Germany, the squadron was assigned to the United States Third Army, VII Corps Observation Group at Trier Airfield, Germany as part of the Allied Occupation of the Rhineland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0002-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron\nThe squadron was demobilized in Germany during July 1919 and its members returned to the United States. There is no modern United States Air Force unit that shares its lineage and history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0003-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Origins\nThe squadron was formed at Kelly Field, Texas, on or about 16 November 1917. It consisted of forty men transferred from the 25th Aero Squadron and 110 previously unassigned recruits from Kelly Field No. #1. The first official duty of the 186th was operation at the flying school where it was organized. From November 1917 to 20 January 1918 the 186th operated at the flying school there at Kelly Field, flying Curtiss JN-4 trainers and learning the basics of flying. With its initial training completed, the squadron was ordered on 20 January to proceed to the Aviation Concentration Center, Camp Mills, Garden City, New York, from which it would proceed overseas for duty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0004-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Origins\nThe transportation of the squadron from Kelly Field to Camp Mills was accomplished with some good humor, much complaining, a few drunks, a minor accident or two, a few stray kisses administered to the men from patriotic American girls who desired to help make the world \"free for democracy\", but there were no casualties. The train jumped the track at Basile, Louisiana, which gave the men a chance to sample some good Southern liquor. One man was placed under arrest for disorderly conduct. At Washington, D.C., the Red Cross ladies served sandwiches and coffee, but no liquor. No arrests were made.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0005-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Origins\nThe 186th arrived at Aviation Concentration and Supply Camp No. 2, about two miles from Hempstead, New York, on 24 January 1918. At this point most of the troops went A.W.O.L. to visit relatives and others, principally others. After five days through the worst weather that Long Island is capable of, the 186th embarked on the White Star Line RMS Adriatic. At Halifax, Nova Scotia, the Adriatic waited for three days for a convoy, prior to the trans-Atlantic crossing. The northern climate froze you stiff. The squadron was inspected on the deck with the thermometer at sixteen below zero.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0005-0001", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Origins\nThree enlisted men were taken from the ship here on account of mumps. The voyage across the Atlantic lasted sixteen days. Many were seasick and therefore had no fear of submarines. A seasick man had one advantage over the rest; a submarine would relieve his misery. The 186th won the majority of prizes in the boxing contests of the Adriatic, Kid Dayton starred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0006-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Training in England\nThe 186th arrived at Liverpool, England on 16 February 1918 where three men were admitted to the hospital, two for measles and the other for suspected meningitis. They left Liverpool the same date, proceeding to Rest Camp Woodley, Romsey, near Winchester, arriving late that night. The squadron stayed at Romsey ten days under quarantine during which time all flying and medical personnel were transferred out. The squadron was split here into four flights and sent to different posts in England for additional training prior to being sent into combat in France. The division was as follows: \"A\" Flight to RFC Lilbourne, near Rugby; \"B\" Flight to RFC Castle Bromwich, Birmingham, and \"C\" and \"D\" Flights to RFC Rendcombe, near Cirencester. All flights were placed under the instruction of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 49], "content_span": [50, 868]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0007-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Training in England\nOn 5 April 1918, \"A\" Flight was transferred to RFC Port Meadow, Oxford, and \"B\" Flight to RFC Rendcombe. During \"B\" Flights stay in Castle Bromwich, mumps developed and the entire flight was placed under quarantine for three weeks during which time they were put to work on a farm. This flight participated in the Allied parade in the city of Birmingham which was given in the honor of the Red Cross. The flights at Rendcombe went to Cheltenham, on 4 July and were entertained by the citizens of the city. There was a baseball game between the 186th and the 199th Aero Squadron, both of which were guests of the town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 49], "content_span": [50, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0008-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Training in England\nWhile the squadron was in England they received instruction with different types of English planes, some of which are as follows: Bristol F.2 Fighters, Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2Es, Avro 504s, D.H. 6's, R.E. 8's. Sopwith Camels, Sopwith Pups and Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5s. This instruction was all practical; the men worked on the planes and were made responsible for their upkeep and efficiency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 49], "content_span": [50, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0009-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Arrival in France\nAfter six months training in England, on 17 August 1918 the squadron was re-assembled in Winchester, where they were equipped for duty in France. The 186th started for Southampton on 23 August 1918 where they went into camp awaiting transportation across the Channel. Embarked on board the S.S. Yale on 27 August, the cross-channel journey was made and the squadron disembarked at Le Havre, France the next morning. The squadron left Le Havre the next morning in French box cars fittingly called by the men \"side door Pullmans\". Their destination was unknown to them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0009-0001", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Arrival in France\nAfter two-day and three nights they arrived at the St. Maixent Aerodrome, which was the processing base for new American units arriving in France. On 7 September the squadron were again loaded in the boxcars and arrived at Air Service Production Center No. 2, Romorantin Aerodrome, after two days of monotonous riding. After one week at Romoratin the 186th was again loaded into the famous side door Pullmans en route to the 1st Air Depot at Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome, arriving on 17 September for equipment issue. It then proceeded to the Autreville Aerodrome from there in trucks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0010-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Arrival in France\nIt was expected that the squadron's stay at Autreville would be no longer than the time necessary to draw supplies and get filled up with pilots and observers. At the time it was realized that a shortage of pilots and observers existed but it was never thought that it would take six weeks to get them ten of each. There were at this time about six squadrons in the neighborhood of Colombey-les-Belles waiting for their flyers. While here ships were drawn, which consisted of eighteen Salmson 2A2s, supposedly the last word in French observation airplanes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0010-0001", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Arrival in France\nThey were equipped with radio and guns, etc., and as far as the airplanes went the squadron was ready for work on the front about 1 October 1918, but as to flying personnel there was only one complete team assigned, one pilot and one observer. At this place all supplies were drawn, including radio equipment, armament, spare parts, etc., but as to transportation it was not thought necessary. One truck was placed at the disposal of the squadron for about six hours a day to draw all the material from Colombey-les Belles. Since all of the radio equipment was new and untried many radio tests from the air were made at Autreville and others were made later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0011-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Combat operations\nOn 27 October 1918 the squadron was assigned to the First Army Observation Group and moved on the 29th, to Souilly Aerodrome for combat operations. All supplies, personnel, and equipment were transported the same day. The planes were transported by air. At Souilly one truck was all the transportation in the possession of the squadron. This one truck was used to draw rations, for aerial field service, for transportation of personnel to and from town, for hauling water, for all transportation of supplies and for hauling fuel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0012-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Combat operations\nThe 186th participated in the operation of the two Argonne-Meuse offensives. The first trip over the lines were made 5 November 1918, by 2d Lt. Donald B. Phillips, pilot and 2d Lt. John B. Holmberg, observer. This plane furnished protection for a plane of the 88th Aerp Squadron which was on the same aerodrome with the 186th and was glad to cooperate in permitting our fliers to acquire experience over the lines in company with their old experienced skippers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0013-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Combat operations\nThe squadron was held up in starting work over the lines because they were the first American squadron assigned to the long distance reglage work, (flying to strict map coordinates). This was new to them, and it was necessary to make considerable liaisons to the French squadrons that knew how this work should be done. There were also difficulties in the coordination with the infantry units the squadron was programmed to support, with the rapid advance of the units. On 6 November, the 186th moved again, to the nearby Lemmes Aerodrome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0014-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Combat operations\nOn 8 November, 2d Lt. Fred C. Griffith, pilot and 2d Lt. Kenneth F. Potter, Observer, furnished protection for contact patrol northwest of Verdun. On 10 November a reconnaissance of German territory within the triangle of towns of Stenay, Montmedy and Olizy was made by 1st Lt. Clarence M. Smith, pilot and 1st Lt . Sidney S. Stocking, observer, and considerable valuable information was brought back but the ending of the war the following day impaired a great deal undoubtedly the value of that information. By the Armistice on 11 November the squadron had suffered no casualties nor had they received confirmation of any victories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0015-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Third Army of occupation\nAs far as the squadron were concerned, the armistice was signed on 16 November for on that night an entire hangar was set aside for a party which included every enlisted man and every officer in the squadron. There were numerous speeches and songs not to mention a twenty-piece band from Rampont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0015-0001", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Third Army of occupation\nThis party lasted into the wee hours of the morning and everyone \"did his bit\", and it is hard to tell even to this day which was the utmost in the minds of the jolly squadron that night, the signing of the armistice or a celebration of the anniversary of the organization of the 186th Aero Squadron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0016-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Third Army of occupation\nThe squadron was back at Souilly Aerodrome on 24 November, and remained there until 15 April 1919 when the First Army Observation Group was demobilized, and the squadron was reassigned to Trier Airdrome, Germany to serve as part of the occupation force of the Rhineland under the Third Army Air Service, VII Corps Observation Group. At Trier, the squadron was able to perform test flights on surrendered German aircraft. Flights of the Fokker D.VII, Pfalz D.XII, Halberstadts and Rumpler aircraft were made and evaluations were made.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 54], "content_span": [55, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0017-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Demobilization\nOn 12 May 1919, orders were received from Third Army for the squadron to demobilize. It was ordered to report to the 1st Air Depot at Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome, to turn in all of its supplies and equipment and was relieved from duty with the AEF. The squadron's Salmson aircraft were delivered to the Air Service American Air Service Acceptance Park No. 1 at Orly Aerodrome to be returned to the French. There practically all of the pilots and observers were detached from the squadron. One of the personnel assigned to squadron in May 1919 was Donald Wilson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 44], "content_span": [45, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024914-0018-0000", "contents": "186th Aero Squadron, History, Demobilization\nPersonnel at Colombey were subsequently assigned to the commanding general, services of supply, and ordered to report to one of several staging camps in France. There, personnel awaited scheduling to report to one of the base ports in France for transport to the United States and subsequent demobilization. The 186th Aero Squadron returned from Europe in June and was demobilized at Mitchell Field, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 44], "content_span": [45, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024915-0000-0000", "contents": "186th Air Refueling Wing\nThe 186th Air Refueling Wing is a unit of the Mississippi Air National Guard stationed at Meridian Regional Airport, Mississippi. The 153d Air Refueling Squadron, assigned to the Wing's 186th Operations Group, was established on 18 August 1939 as the 153d Observation Squadron, one of the 29 National Guard observation squadrons formed before World War II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024915-0001-0000", "contents": "186th Air Refueling Wing\nThe group was first organized in October 1962 as the 186th Tactical Reconnaissance Group. It served in the reconnaissance role until 1992, when it received Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers and converted to an air refueling mission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024915-0002-0000", "contents": "186th Air Refueling Wing, Overview\nThe 186th Air Refueling Wing provides worldwide air refueling support to combat commands of the United States Air Force, and to other United States military forces and the military forces of allied nations flying the KC-135 Stratotanker. With over 1,200 officers and airmen, the 186th is made up of mostly traditional guardsmen, but about one third of the members are full-time air technicians or active Guardsmen or reservists. The 186th also supports a Fairchild RC-26B Metroliner aircraft, modified to conduct intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance mission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024915-0003-0000", "contents": "186th Air Refueling Wing, Overview\nThe 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission recommended that the wing's KC-135R aircraft be transferred to the 128th Air Refueling Wing, 134th Air Refueling Wing and the 101st Air Refueling Wing. Its fire fighter positions would move to the 172d Airlift Wing at Allen C. Thompson Field Air National Guard Base, but its expeditionary combat support would remain in place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024915-0004-0000", "contents": "186th Air Refueling Wing, Overview\nIn 2011, the wing began transferring its KC-135 aircraft in preparation for transition to an airlift wing as the Formal Training Unit for the C-27J Spartan aircraft. In 2013, this decision was reversed following a related decision to eliminate the C-27J from the Air Force and Air National Guard inventory. The wing retained its status as an air refueling wing and began re-equipping again with the KC-135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024915-0005-0000", "contents": "186th Air Refueling Wing, History, Tactical reconnaissance\nOn 15 October 1962, the Mississippi Air National Guard 153d Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron and its support elements expanded to form a group, and the 186th Tactical Reconnaissance Group was activated. The 153d becoming the group's flying squadron. Other units assigned to the group were the 186th Material Squadron, 186th Combat Support Squadron, and the 186th USAF Dispensary. Initially equipped with Republic RF-84F Thunderflash tactical reconnaissance aircraft, the group trained in normal peacetime operations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 58], "content_span": [59, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024915-0006-0000", "contents": "186th Air Refueling Wing, History, Tactical reconnaissance\nIn 1970 Tactical Air Command retired the group's Thunderstreakss and they were replaced by the McDonnell RF-101C Voodoo. In 1979 the Voodoos were again replaced by McDonnell RF-4C Phantom IIs. In 1990 during the Gulf Crisis, several aircraft and support personnel were activated and deployed to Doha International Airport, Qatar, where they became part of the 35th Tactical Fighter Wing (Provisional) during Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 58], "content_span": [59, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024915-0007-0000", "contents": "186th Air Refueling Wing, History, Air refueling\nIn 1992 the squadron's 186th Tactical Reconnaissance Group was realigned to an air refueling unit and its RF-4Cs were retired. The squadron was equipped with Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers. The group has seen worldwide duty with the KC-135, supporting Operation Display Determination, Operation Provide Relief, Operation Restore Hope, Operation Support Justice, Operation Deny Flight, Operation Northern Watch, Operation Noble Eagle, Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024915-0008-0000", "contents": "186th Air Refueling Wing, History, Air refueling\nThe wing's additional mission recalls its roots as a reconnaissance unit. Its RC-26 supports law enforcement agencies in their counterdrug efforts and also deploys overseas for imagery collection for combatant commanders. The C-26 program has worked directly with law enforcement agencies since 1996 providing National Guard support to battle illegal narcotics and illicit drugs. Overseas deployments have supported Department of Defense and United States Southern Command objectives in South America. The C-26 is manned full-time and the program is managed through the Mississippi National Guard Counterdrug Coordinator's office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024915-0009-0000", "contents": "186th Air Refueling Wing, History, Air refueling\nIn September 2008 the Air Force and Air National Guard officials agreed to establish a temporary mission qualification training detachment within the wing called \"Project Liberty\" for the Beechcraft MC-12 Liberty aircraft at Key Field to bolster the Department of Defense's intelligence gathering capability in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. On 29 April 2009, the first MC-12W arrived at Key Field. This mission, designated Project Liberty, will train approximately 1,000 students over a two-year period. All crewmembers, two pilots, a sensor operator and a signals intelligence specialist trained at Key Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024915-0010-0000", "contents": "186th Air Refueling Wing, History, Air refueling\nIn 2011, the 186th began converting to the C-27J Spartan in preparation to become the formal training unit for all C-27 crew training. However, cuts in Department of Defense spending eliminated the C-27J from the active inventory and in 2013, the wing returned to flying the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024915-0011-0000", "contents": "186th Air Refueling Wing, History, Air refueling\nDuring the COVID-19 Pandemic, the Wing provided staff to assist with Covid-19 testing and, later, vaccinations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024915-0012-0000", "contents": "186th Air Refueling Wing, References, Bibliography\nThis article incorporates\u00a0public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0000-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron\nThe 186th Airlift Squadron is a unit of the Montana Air National Guard 120th Airlift Wing located at Great Falls International Airport (Air National Guard Base), Montana. The 186th is equipped with the C-130H Hercules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0001-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, World War II\nThe 404th Fighter Squadron was activated at Richmond Army Air Base, Virginia in the summer of 1943 as one of the three original squadrons of the 371st Fighter Group. The squadron trained in the northeastern United States with Republic P-47 Thunderbolts under First Air Force before moving overseas in the spring of 1944.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0002-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, World War II\nUpon arriving in England, the squadron became an element of Ninth Air Force at Bisterne Close, England. The squadron's first combat operation was a fighter sweep over Occupied France. Prior to Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy, the 404th flew fighter sweeps, dive bombing and escort missions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0003-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, World War II\nOn D-Day, 6 June 1944, the squadron patrolled the beachhead. attacking railroads, trains, vehicles. gun emplacements and other targets. Soon after the invasion, the squadron moved to France and participated in the air interdiction that preceded the Allied breakout at St Lo in late July and supported the following drive across northern France. It continued to operate in northeastern France and southwestern Germany through the winter of 1945, attacking storage dumps, marshalling yard, factories, bridges, roads, and vehicles. In December 1944 it provided close air support for ground forces engaged in the Battle of the Bulge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0004-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, World War II\nThe squadron was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation for its attacks between 15 and 21 March 1945 that contributed to the defeat of Axis forces in southern Germany. It continued combat operations until the Surrender of Germany in May. The squadron remained with the occupation forces in Germany and Austria until October 1945 when it returned to the United States and was inactivated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0005-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, Montana Air National Guard\nThe wartime 404th Fighter Squadron was redesignated as the 186th Fighter Squadron, and was allotted to the Montana National Guard, on 24 May 1946. It was organized at Gore Field, Great Falls, Montana and was extended federal recognition on 27 June 1947. The squadron was equipped with F-51D Mustangs and was allotted to the Fourth Air Force, Continental Air Command by the National Guard Bureau.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0006-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, Montana Air National Guard\nWithin two weeks of its activation six F-51Ds arrived. As part of the Continental Air Command Fourth Air Force, the unit trained for tactical bombing missions and air-to-air combat. Eighty-nine days after activation, tragedy struck the fledgling unit. En route to pick up the adjutant general in Helena, the A-26 Invader Lt. Col. Sperry was flying went down in a heavy snowstorm. The wreckage could not be found until the following summer. Aboard also was Sgt. Charles Glover, for whom the street along the east side of building 64 is named.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0007-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, Montana Air National Guard\nOn 1 April 1951, the unit was activated for duty in South Korea. Personnel were sent to Moody AFB, Ga., and ten F-51s were shipped to Korea. The squadron became a F-51D Fighter-Bomber training unit. The 186th was returned to Montana State control in November 1952 and on 1 January 1953, the squadron was reformed at Gore Field with Captain Rodger D. Young as Commander. Promoted to Colonel, Young served as Group Commander until 1966 when he was promoted to Brig. General and Chief of Staff for Air for the 120th Fighter Group until his retirement in 1973. Under the Command of Brig Gen. Young the unit flew the F-86, F-94, F-89, F102 and F-106 fighters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0008-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, Montana Air National Guard\nAfter the Korean War, the squadron was equipped with the long-range F-51H Mustang and became a part of Air Defense Command. The unit received its first jet aircraft in December 1952, a T-33 Shooting Star. In early 1953 it was equipped with F-86A Sabre jet interceptors. The squadron was redesignated the 186th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 1 November 1953 and adopted the \"Charlie Chicken\" patch. By July 1955 the transition from the F-51H Mustang to the F-86A Sabre was complete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0009-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, Montana Air National Guard\nOn 1 July 1955, the 186th was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 120th Fighter Group (Air Defense) was established by the National Guard Bureau. The 186th FIS becoming the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 120th Headquarters, 120th Material Squadron (Maintenance), 120th Combat Support Squadron, and the 120th USAF Dispensary. Also in 1955, the F-86A day interceptors were replaced by the F-94A Starfire all-weather interceptor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0010-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, Montana Air National Guard\nIn 1958, the 120th implemented the ADC Runway Alert Program, in which interceptors of the 186th FIS were committed to a five-minute runway alert, a task that would last for 38 years. The arrival of the F-102 Delta Dagger in 1966 ushered in the supersonic age. In 1968 Air Defense Command was re-designated as Aerospace Defense Command (ADCOM). In 1972, the unit was redesignated the 120th Fighter-Interceptor Group and assigned the F-106 Delta Dart, the first Air National Guard unit to receive this aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0010-0001", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, Montana Air National Guard\nWith the F-106, the squadron competed in and won its first William Tell, a live-fire missile competition held at Tyndall AFB, Florida. Performed air defense duties along the northern tier of the United States until 1978 when ADCOM was merged into Tactical Air Command. Continued air defense mission for ADTAC component of TAC with the F-106s, transferring to First Air Force when ADTAC was replaced in 1985.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0011-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, Montana Air National Guard\nThe 186th FS converted from the F-106A to the F-16A/B Fighting Falcon in mid-1987. The conversion happened earlier than was scheduled and the 186th FIS was to be the last squadron to lose its F-106s. The first aircraft were older block 5 and 10 models with some block 15 airframes also being delivered to the squadron. Main task for the unit was air defense, as with many ANG units who were equipped with the F-16. In 1991 the F-16s were brought up to the Air Defense Fighter (ADF) variant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0012-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, Montana Air National Guard\nThis meant a serious leap in performance and capability of this squadron in their defensive role. This situation was maintained up until 2001 when the squadron started receiving more modern F-16C block 30 aircraft with a large intake. This conversion replaced the air defense mission with one of general purpose/air-to-ground as part of the Expeditionary Aerospace Force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0013-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, Montana Air National Guard\nWith the conversion, unit members felt it was time to consider a change in the aircraft tail markings. The most notable change included the 186th Fighter Squadron's nickname of \"Vigilantes\". The nickname by the pilots of the 186th is intended to honor the first men in the Montana Territory who organized for the safety and welfare of the people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0014-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, Montana Air National Guard\nThe squadron once again found itself on alert status after the terrorism attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C. Base personnel implemented the necessary procedures to establish a secure environment while maintaining a 24-hour alert status for aircraft. Throughout 2002, hundreds of unit personnel were activated and deployed to multiple locations in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0015-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, Montana Air National Guard\nAs a result of the 2005 BRAC decisions the unit converted to the F-15C/D during 2008 and revert to an all-air defense unit. In early December 2007 the first F-16 left Great Falls being transferred to the 158th Fighter Wing, Vermont ANG. By the summer of 2008, eighteen F-15C Eagles had been transferred from the 131st Fighter Wing at St. Louis due to its conversion to the 131st Bomb Wing, flying the B-2 stealth bomber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0016-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, History, Montana Air National Guard\nAs a result of the 2010 Total Force Structure Change, the F-15s of the 120th Fighter Wing were transferred to the 144th Fighter Wing of the California Air National Guard and C-130s of the 19th Airlift Wing from Little Rock AFB, Arkansas were transferred to Great Falls. As a result, the 186th Fighter Squadron was rechristened as the 186th Airlift Squadron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024916-0017-0000", "contents": "186th Airlift Squadron, Bibliography\nThis article incorporates\u00a0public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024917-0000-0000", "contents": "186th Division (1st Formation)(People's Republic of China)\nThe 185th Division (Chinese: \u7b2c186\u5e08) was created in January 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 45th Brigade, 15th Column of Huabei Military Region. Its history could be traced to 3rd Military Sub-district, Taiyue Military District of Jinjiluyu Military Region formed in August 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024917-0001-0000", "contents": "186th Division (1st Formation)(People's Republic of China)\nThe division was composed of 556th, 557th and 558th Infantry Regiments. As a part of 62nd Corps the division took part in the Chinese Civil War, including the Taiyuan Campaign, Fumei Campaign and Lanzhou Campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024917-0002-0000", "contents": "186th Division (1st Formation)(People's Republic of China)\nSince March 1950 the division was combined with Kangding Military Sub-district of Xikang Military District. Since then the division took part in the Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Southwestern China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024917-0003-0000", "contents": "186th Division (1st Formation)(People's Republic of China)\nIn September 1952, the division with its 556th, 557th Infantry Regiments, combining with 553rd Infantry Regiment from 185th Division were transferred to 16th Corps' control. Tank Regiment, 185th Division was then activated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024917-0004-0000", "contents": "186th Division (1st Formation)(People's Republic of China)\nIn November 1952, the division was transferred to Air Defense Command of Northeastern Military Region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0000-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States)\nThe 186th Infantry Regiment is a combat regiment of the United States Army made up of soldiers from the Oregon Army National Guard. The 1st battalion of the regiment is currently active and as of February 2007 stateside, however, individual members are in Iraq as replacements for other active duty units. The 1/186th's higher headquarters is the 41st Infantry Brigade Combat Team, headquartered in Tigard, Oregon. Its higher headquarters, in turn, is the 40th Infantry Division", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0001-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), History\nThe 186th Infantry Regiment was constituted on 7 December 1921, as a separate Battalion in the Oregon Army National Guard. By 31 March 1922, it was re-designated the 1st Battalion, 186th Infantry, and was made up of companies from Gresham, Portland, Hood River, Cottage Grove and Medford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0002-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II\nFor nearly twenty years, soldiers of the regiment conducted normal peacetime training, but then, in 1940, they were inducted into Federal service for a year of training. When war broke out with the attack on Pearl Harbor, the year extended into 'the duration' of World War II. The 186th, as a part of the 41st Infantry Division, was one of the first American Combat units to be sent overseas. The regiment served in the Pacific Theater, with the first year spent in further training in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0003-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II\nPapua-New Guinea was the site of the regiment's first combat. Working with the other regiments of the division and elements of the Australian Army, the 186th helped overcome difficult resistance by Japanese troops. The Papuan campaign lasted from early January into September 1943. The regiment landed in New Guinea in April 1944 and helped secure that archipelago by late July. Following reorganization, the effort shifted to the invasion of the Philippines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0004-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II\nThe 186th went ashore on Palawan Island, in the southern Philippines, in February, 1945. That campaign lasted for the remainder of the war. With the 186th scheduled to take part in the invasion of Japan, planned for November, the end of the war allowed the regiment to enter Japan peacefully, as occupation troops instead. In December 1945, the regiment, and the 41st Division, were deactivated in Japan, and left active service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0005-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Post-World War II\nThe regiment was re-organized in December 1946, with headquarters originally located in Portland. In 1968, another re-organization reduced the regiment to a single battalion, and headquarters was moved to Ashland. The primary mission since World War II has been to train for war, though no units have been mobilized for a war mission since that time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0006-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Post-World War II\nTraining takes place locally most of the year. The two-week annual training normally is conducted at Ft. Lewis, Washington; Camp Roberts, CA, or Camp Rilea, OR. Companies have also traveled to England and Japan for training, and the entire 41st Brigade trained at JRTC in Louisiana in 1998.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0007-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Post-World War II\nMembers of the 1st Battalion have also been mobilized to fight forest fires or provide assistance during floods. The increasing need for troops to supplement active Army missions has also resulted in the first federal mobilization of one of the battalion's rifle companies since World War II. As a result, Bravo company spent four months near Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to provide security for Patriot missile batteries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0008-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Operation Enduring Freedom\nAs of mid-April 2002, the 1-186th Infantry was preparing to deploy for a six-month rotation and assume peacekeeping duties in the Sinai region of Egypt in July 2002, as part of the U.S. portion of the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) mission. The unit was slated to replace the active-duty 172nd Separate Infantry Brigade out of Fort Wainwright, Alaska, which had originally been tasked to provide one of its battalions for the next MFO rotation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0008-0001", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Operation Enduring Freedom\nThe switch was to enable freeing an active-duty unit for other missions related to the War on Terrorism if needed, and marked only the second time a reserve-component unit has been called upon to perform the Sinai mission. As of mid-April 2002, the 1-186th was scheduled to train at Fort Carson, CO, for the last of its mobilization requirements in May, and formally assume the U.S. portion of the MFO mission in July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0009-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Operation Enduring Freedom\nThe battalion also sent a company from Medford, Oregon to Afghanistan in 2006 with the 41st Infantry Brigade Combat Team as part of Combined Joint Task Force Phoenix V.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0010-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Operation Iraqi Freedom\nThe 1st Battalion, 186th Infantry sent one company from Roseburg, Oregon to Iraq in 2003 as part of the 2nd Battalion, 162nd Infantry. In 2005 the battalion deployed to Louisiana to conduct disaster relief operations following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0011-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Operation Iraqi Freedom\nIn 2009 the battalion deployed to Iraq. Headquartered at Ali Air Base near Tallil, Iraq, it conducted convoy security operations as part of Multi-National Forces - Iraq and the 13th Expeditionary Sustainment Command. One company was detached to Camp Korean Village in the western desert, and the battalion had two additional companies attached to it: the 1055th Transportation Company from South Carolina and the 720th Convoy Security Company from New Mexico. The battalion returned from the deployment in April, 2010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0012-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), Distinctive unit insignia\nA Gold color metal and enamel device 1\u00a01\u20448 inches (2.9\u00a0cm) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned: Azure a tower (with doors partly opened) Argent masoned Or debruised by two dexter arms embowed fessways the forearms in saltire habited in chain armor each hand grasping a sword of the last the swords crossed in saltire. On a chief of the third a rose Gules barbed and seeded Proper. Attached below and to the sides of the shield a Blue scroll inscribed \"CUSTODES\u00a0? PORTAE\u00a0? OCCIDENTIS\" in Gold letters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0013-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), Distinctive unit insignia\nThe rose is the general flower of the Northwest. The two arms interlocked are indicative of military strength, ready to strike at an enemy who endeavors to enter the United States through the \"Western Gate\" (represented by the gateway in the tower). They further allude to the fact that the parent organization, the 186th Infantry Regiment, had elements in both Idaho and Oregon. The motto translates to \"Guards of the Western Gate.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0014-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), Distinctive unit insignia\nThe distinctive unit insignia was approved on 18 May 1925.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0015-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), Coat of arms, Blazon\nAzure a tower (with doors partly opened) Gray masoned Sable debruised by two dexter arms embowed fessways the forearms in saltire habited in chain armor each hand grasping a sword Or hilted Sable the swords crossed in saltire. On a chief of the fourth a rose Gules barbed and seeded Proper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0016-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), Coat of arms, Blazon\nThat for the regiments and separate battalions of the Oregon Army National Guard: On a wreath of the colors Or and Azure, a demi-disc Gules charged with the setting sun with twelve light rays Or (the shoulder sleeve insignia of the 41st Division), behind a beaver sejant Proper. Motto \"Custodes Portae Occidents\" (Guardians of the Western Gates)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0017-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), Coat of arms, Symbolism\nThe rose is the general flower of the Northwest. The two arms interlocked are indicative of military strength, ready to strike at an enemy who endeavors to enter the United States through the \"Western Gate\" (represented by the gateway in the tower). They further allude to the fact that the parent organization, the 186th Infantry Regiment, had elements in both Idaho and Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0018-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), Coat of arms, Symbolism\nThe crest is that of the Oregon Army National Guard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0019-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), Coat of arms, Background\nThe coat of arms was approved on 28 May 1924. It was amended to delete the crest for the State of Idaho on 22 April 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024918-0020-0000", "contents": "186th Infantry Regiment (United States), Coat of arms, Current Units\nThe companies are located in seven separate towns located in Southern Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0000-0000", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature\nThe 186th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 9, 1985, to December 31, 1986, during the third and fourth years of Mario Cuomo's governorship, in Albany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0001-0000", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature, Background\nUnder the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1938 and the U.S. Supreme Court decision to follow the One man, one vote rule, re-apportioned in 1982 by the Legislature, 61 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts for two-year terms. Senate and Assembly districts consisted of approximately the same number of inhabitants, the area being apportioned contiguously without restrictions regarding county boundaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0002-0000", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature, Background\nAt this time there were two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The Conservative Party, the Liberal Party, the Right to Life Party, the Libertarian Party, the Communist Party, the New Alliance Party and the Workers World Party also nominated tickets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0003-0000", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature, Elections\nThe New York state election, 1984, was held on November 6. No statewide elective offices were up for election. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for U.S. president, was: Republicans 3,377,000; Democrats 3,120,000; Conservatives 288,000; Liberals 118,000; Libertarians 12,000; Communists 4,000; New Alliance 3,000; and Workers World 2,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0004-0000", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature, Elections\nTwenty of the 23 women members of the previous legislature\u2014State Senators Mary B. Goodhue (Rep.), a lawyer of Mount Kisco; and Olga A. M\u00e9ndez (Dem. ), of East Harlem; and Assemblywomen Elizabeth Connelly (Dem. ), of Staten Island; Pinny Cooke (Rep.), of Rochester; Geraldine L. Daniels (Dem. ), of the Bronx; Gloria Davis (Dem. ), of the Bronx; Eileen C. Dugan (Dem. ), of Brooklyn; Aurelia Greene (Dem. ), of the Bronx; Julia Harrison (Dem. ), of Queens; Rhoda S. Jacobs (Dem. ), of Brooklyn; Cynthia Jenkins (Dem. ), a librarian of Queens; Gerdi E. Lipschutz (Dem. ), of Queens; Helen M. Marshall (Dem. ), a teacher and librarian of Queens; Nettie Mayersohn (Dem. ), of Queens; Mary M. McPhillips (Dem. ), of Middletown; May W. Newburger (Dem. ), of Great Neck; Barbara Patton (Dem. ), a lawyer of Hempstead; Toni Rettaliata (Rep.), of Huntington; Louise M. Slaughter (Dem. ), of Fairport; and Helene Weinstein (Dem. ), a lawyer of Brooklyn\u2014were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 1003]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0004-0001", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature, Elections\nNancy Larraine Hoffmann (Dem. ), of Syracuse; Velmanette Montgomery (Dem. ), of Brooklyn; and Suzi Oppenheimer (Dem. ), of Mamaroneck; were also elected to the State Senate. Catherine Nolan (Dem. ), of Queens, was also elected to the Assembly. Thus the 186th Legislature began having 24 women members, surpassing the previous record of 23 in the 185th New York State Legislature (1983\u20131984).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0005-0000", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature, Elections\nThe New York state election, 1985, was held on November 5. One vacancy in the State Senate was filled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0006-0000", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature, Sessions\nThe Legislature met for the first regular session (the 208th) at the State Capitol in Albany on January 9, 1985; and recessed indefinitely on June 30.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0007-0000", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature, Sessions\nWarren M. Anderson (Rep.) was re-elected Temporary President of the Senate. On February 1, 1985, Lt. Gov. DelBello resigned, and Anderson acted as lieutenant governor until the end of 1986.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0008-0000", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature, Sessions\nThe Legislature met for a special session on December 10, 1985. This session was called by Governor Cuomo to consider legislation concerning malpractice insurance rates; the sale of all State holdings in companies which do business in South Africa; the time limit for suits in cases of harm by toxic substances; hostile corporate takeovers; low-income housing in New York City; and municipal liability insurance rates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0009-0000", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature, Sessions\nThe Legislature met for the second regular session (the 209th) at the State Capitol in Albany on January 8, 1986; and recessed indefinitely on July 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0010-0000", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature, Sessions\nThe Legislature met for another special session from December 11 to 30, 1986. This session was called by Governor Cuomo to consider legislation concerning the creation of 23 judgeships in New York City; the financing of the mass transit system in New York City; a revision of the State's tax system; and subsidies for elderly people to buy prescription drugs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0011-0000", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators\nThe asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Eugene Levy changed from the Assembly to the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0012-0000", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators\nNote: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words \"...the Committee on (the)...\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0013-0000", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assembly members\nThe asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 66], "content_span": [67, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024919-0014-0000", "contents": "186th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assembly members\nNote: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words \"...the Committee on (the)...\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 66], "content_span": [67, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024920-0000-0000", "contents": "186th Ohio Infantry Regiment\nThe 186th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 186th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 186th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024920-0001-0000", "contents": "186th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe 186th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio, in February 1865 and mustered in for one year service under the command of Colonel Thomas Francis Wilder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024920-0002-0000", "contents": "186th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe regiment was attached to 2nd Brigade, 2nd Separate Division, Department of the Cumberland, to May 1865. 2nd Brigade, 1st Separate Division, District of the Etowah, Department of the Cumberland, to July 1865. 2nd Brigade, 4th Division, District of East Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to September 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024920-0003-0000", "contents": "186th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe 186th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service September 18, 1865, at Nashville, Tennessee, and was discharged September 25, 1865, at Columbus, Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024920-0004-0000", "contents": "186th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service\nLeft Ohio for Nashville, Tennessee, March 2. Moved to Murfreesboro, Tennessee, March 8, 1865; then to Cleveland, Tennessee, and duty there until May. Moved to Dalton, Georgia, May 2; then to Chattanooga, Tennessee, May 10, and duty there until July 20. Moved to Nashville, Tennessee, July 20, and duty there until September 19. Ordered to Columbus, Ohio, September 19, and mustered out September 25, 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024920-0005-0000", "contents": "186th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties\nThe regiment lost a total of 50 enlisted men during service; 1 killed and 49 due to disease.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024921-0000-0000", "contents": "186th Paratroopers Regiment \"Folgore\"\nThe 186th Paratroopers Regiment \"Folgore\" (Italian: 186\u00b0 Reggimento Paracadutisti \"Folgore\") is an active unit of the Italian Army based in Siena in Tuscany. The regiment is part of the army's infantry corps' Paracadutisti speciality  and operationally assigned to the Paratroopers Brigade \"Folgore\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024921-0001-0000", "contents": "186th Paratroopers Regiment \"Folgore\", Current structure\nAs of 2019 the 186th Paratroopers Regiment \"Folgore\" consists of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024921-0002-0000", "contents": "186th Paratroopers Regiment \"Folgore\", Current structure\nThe Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon. The regiment is equipped with VTLM Lince vehicles. The 11th Paratroopers Maneuver Support Company is equipped with 120mm mortars and Spike MR anti-tank guided missiles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024922-0000-0000", "contents": "187\nYear 187 (CLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Quintius and Aelianus (or, less frequently, year 940 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 187 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 3], "section_span": [3, 3], "content_span": [4, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024923-0000-0000", "contents": "187 (number)\n187 (one hundred [and] eighty-seven) is the natural number following 186 and preceding 188.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024924-0000-0000", "contents": "187 (slang)\nSection 187 (often referenced in slang simply as 187) of the California Penal Code defines the crime of murder. The number is commonly pronounced by reading the digits separately as \"one-eight-seven\", or \"one-eighty-seven\", rather than \"one hundred eighty-seven\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024924-0001-0000", "contents": "187 (slang)\nThe number \"187\" has been used by gangs throughout the United States and elsewhere as a synonym for murder; this usage has been documented in Florida, Wisconsin, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Norway. It also features widely in hip-hop culture, such as in Dr. Dre's \"Deep Cover\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024924-0002-0000", "contents": "187 (slang)\nIn California, suspects are usually charged by reference to one or more Penal Code (PC) sections. Thus, the charging documents for a suspect charged with murder would be inscribed with \"PC 187(a)\" or just \"PC 187\". If a suspect is charged with attempted murder, then the relevant code would be \"PC 664/187\" because attempt is defined in Penal Code section 664.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024924-0003-0000", "contents": "187 (slang), Notable uses\nIn the song \u201cDeep Cover\u201d by Dr. Dre featuring Snoop Dogg made for the film of the same name, the lyrics \u201cAnd screamin\u2019 1-8-7 on a undercover cop\u201d are used in reference to the police code \u201c187\u201d used in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 25], "content_span": [26, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024924-0004-0000", "contents": "187 (slang), Notable uses\nIn the song \"April 29, 1992 (Miami)\" by Sublime, Bradley Nowell used the lyrics \"And screamin' 1-8-7 on a motherfuckin' cop,\" alluding to Dr. Dre\u2019s song. The lyrics are related to the riots that ensued after the video evidence and eye witnesses of police brutality, the beating of Rodney King and the violence that was evident during that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 25], "content_span": [26, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024924-0005-0000", "contents": "187 (slang), Notable uses\nin Magic: The Gathering, destroying a creature or other permanent card via an \"enters the battlefield\" effect is sometimes referred to as \"187\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 25], "content_span": [26, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024925-0000-0000", "contents": "187 BC\nYear 187 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lepidus and Flaminius (or, less frequently, year 567 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 187 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 6], "section_span": [6, 6], "content_span": [7, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024926-0000-0000", "contents": "187 Fac\n187 Fac, was an American rap group from Hayward, California, with two members: Den Fenn (Alvin Dennis Thomas, Jr.) and G-Nut (Gregory Savoy Brown, Jr). After releasing their debut album, The U.N.E., in 1993, they made their first guest appearance on Ant Banks' 1995 album, Do or Die. Before releasing their second album, Fac Not Fiction on Penalty Recordings in 1997, they appeared together on several albums, including: Murder Squad Nationwide,  The Rompalation, and Have Heart Have Money.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 7], "section_span": [7, 7], "content_span": [8, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024926-0000-0001", "contents": "187 Fac\nIn 1996, they appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation CD, America is Dying Slowly, alongside Biz Markie, Wu-Tang Clan, and Fat Joe, among many other prominent hip hop artists. The CD, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African American men, was heralded as \"a masterpiece\" by The Source magazine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 7], "section_span": [7, 7], "content_span": [8, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024926-0001-0000", "contents": "187 Fac, Background\n187 Fac's second album, Fac Not Fiction, was released in 1997 and peaked at number 81 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. It was executive produced by Spice 1 and features guest performances by Ant Banks, B-Legit, V-Dal, Big Lurch, Captain Save 'Em and Spice 1. The group then went on to appear on several Bay Area artists' albums and compilations as a group and as solo artists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 7], "section_span": [9, 19], "content_span": [20, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024926-0002-0000", "contents": "187 Fac, Background\nIn 2000, the group changed their name to DenGee and released their final album, DenGee Livin'. It was produced entirely by E-A-Ski & CMT. Along with a single, a music video was released to promote the album, \"VIP Status\", and features a cameo appearance by producer E-A-Ski.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 7], "section_span": [9, 19], "content_span": [20, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024926-0003-0000", "contents": "187 Fac, Background\nG-Nut died on 9 May 2018 at the age of 46.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 7], "section_span": [9, 19], "content_span": [20, 62]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024927-0000-0000", "contents": "187 He Wrote\n187 He Wrote is the second studio album by American rapper Spice 1. It was released on September 28, 1993 via Jive Records. It peaked at number 1 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and at number 10 on the Billboard 200, and being certified gold by the RIAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024928-0000-0000", "contents": "187 Lamberta\nLamberta (minor planet designation: 187 Lamberta) is a main-belt asteroid that was discovered by Corsican-born French astronomer J\u00e9r\u00f4me Eug\u00e8ne Coggia on April 11, 1878, and named after the astronomer Johann Heinrich Lambert. It was the second of Coggia's five asteroid discoveries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024928-0001-0000", "contents": "187 Lamberta\nThe spectrum matches a classification of a C-type asteroid, which may mean it has a composition of primitive carbonaceous materials. It is a dark object as indicated by the low albedo and has an estimated size of about 131\u00a0km.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024929-0000-0000", "contents": "187 Lockdown\n187 Lockdown was a British speed garage act, comprising Danny Harrison and Julian Jonah. The duo produced one album, with four singles released from it, and remixed many songs towards the end of the 1990s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024929-0001-0000", "contents": "187 Lockdown\nThe duo also recorded under a number of other aliases, such as Gant, Ground Control, Nu-Birth and M Factor. Of these, M Factor was the most commercially successful, notching up a UK top 20 hit with the vocal version of \"Mother\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024929-0002-0000", "contents": "187 Lockdown\nAfter M Factor, Harrison went on become part of remix outfit Moto Blanco. Jonah still continues to work as a producer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024930-0000-0000", "contents": "187 Ride By\n187 Ride By is the debut album of the gangsta rapper Tweedy Bird Loc.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 81]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024931-0000-0000", "contents": "187 Ride or Die\n187 Ride or Die is a video game for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox, developed and published by Ubisoft. It is a vehicular combat racing game and was released for the PS2 and Xbox before being ported to the PlayStation Portable under the title Street Riders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024931-0001-0000", "contents": "187 Ride or Die, Gameplay\nIn order to become \"top dog\" of the game, the player must race and defeat opponents through a variety of different stages all set in Los Angeles's infamous South Central region. If playing with another player, one can be the driver and the other can be the shooter (co-op). This can be done in the story and online mode. There are a variety of modes available to the player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024931-0002-0000", "contents": "187 Ride or Die, Reception\n187 Ride or Die received mixed reviews on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024932-0000-0000", "contents": "187 Strassenbande\n187 Strassenbande (German for \"187 streetgang\") is a German hip hop and urban music formation joining a great number of German rappers mostly based in Hamburg formed in 2006. It is made up of Gzuz, Bonez MC, Maxwell, LX and Sa4, taggers and graffiti artists Frost, Gel and Track and producer Jambeatz and Lukas H and 95a. Other members included AchtVier, Hasuna and Mosh36 who left for various reasons between 2013 and 2015. The formation is considered part of the gangsta rap movement in Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024932-0001-0000", "contents": "187 Strassenbande, Career\nThe group was established by Bonez MC and Frost releasing their rap work Deep Cover. Starting initially as a hip hop graffiti crew, it developed into a street band as a collaboration between many rappers mainly from Hamburg. After self-released independent releases, Bonez MC's album Krampfthaft Kriminell charted on the German albums chart in 2012. The same year the Berlin-based Mosh36 joined. Gzuz, a rapper in the band was jailed for 3 years prompting the band organizing the Free Gzuz Tour. In 2014, AchtVier left the band. The same year the album High & Hungrig by band members Gzuz and Bonez MC made it to the Top 10 of albums on the German chart. In 2015, Maxwell and LX released their joint Obststand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024932-0002-0000", "contents": "187 Strassenbande, Career\nBecause of their popularity, band has accompanied the group Wu-Tang Clan in their German tour in 2015. The same year, Gzuz released his solo album Ebbe und Flut. In 2016, Bonez MC's album with rapper RAF Camora topped the German charts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024932-0003-0000", "contents": "187 Strassenbande, Career\n187 Strassenbande's 2017 release Sampler 4 has topped the German, Austrian and Swiss Albums Charts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024932-0004-0000", "contents": "187 Strassenbande, Discography, Bonez MC\nBonez MC, real name John Lorenz Moser was born in Hamburg on 23 December 1985. In addition to membership in 187 Strassenbande, in 2012 he appeared on his own label Toprott Muzik with his solo album Krampfhaft kriminell followed in 2013 with the EP Kontra K. In 2014, he released his collaborative album with Gzuz titled High & hungrig. It rose to # 9 in the German charts and paved the way for commercial success and the follow up High & hungrig 2 in 2016. It topped the German Albums Chart. His uncle plays guitar in the English band The Stranglers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024932-0005-0000", "contents": "187 Strassenbande, Discography, Gzuz\nGzuz, real name Kristoffer Jonas Klau\u00df also known as Gazo was born in Hamburg on 29 June 1988. His artistic name Gzuz comes from Ghetto-Zeug unzensiert. In October 2010, he was sentenced to three years and six months in prison for robbery theft. During his imprisonment, 187 Strassenbande completed a \"Free Gzuz Tour\" in 2012 and sold Gzuz merchandise, such as Free Gzuz T-shirts to support him financially while incarcerated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024932-0005-0001", "contents": "187 Strassenbande, Discography, Gzuz\nAfter his release in 2013 he took part in the tour and had big success in his collaboration  with Bonez MC with the album High & hungrig in 2014 and High & hungrig 2 in 2016 with the latter topping the German Albums Chart. Between the two albums, on October 9, 2015 he released his solo album Ebbe & Flut with the album reaching number 2 in German Albums Chart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024932-0006-0000", "contents": "187 Strassenbande, Discography, Maxwell\nMaxwell, real name Max Kwabena, was born in Hamburg on 23 March 1993 and grew up in Hamburg's Hohenfelde district. He spent a lot of time with Bonez MC and Gzuz initially but somehow relations cooled off. A few years later, he met Bonez MC again and was incorporated in 187 Strassenbande. He was included in two tracks in High & hungrig. Being close to LX, another member of 187 Strassenbande and in 2015 he released a collaborative album Obststand with LX making it to number 5 on the German Album Chart. Together with LX, he was nominated at the Echoverleihung awards in 2016 as \"Best newcomer\". On March 24, 2017 Maxwell released his debut album Kohldampf, a 3-CD album. It reached number 2 on the German Albums Chart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024932-0007-0000", "contents": "187 Strassenbande, Discography, LX\nLX was born as Alexander Hutzler in Hamburg on 3 September 1986. He had a very difficult childhood growing up in Hamburger Plattenbauten. He started rapping in 2006 eventually joining 187 Strassenbande debuting with the third sampler of the group after being picked by Bonez MC. His pseudonym LX is an abbreviation for his civil name Alex. He was close to Maxwell another member of 187 Strassenbande  and in 2015 he released a collaborative album Obststand with Maxwell making it to number 5 on the German Album Chart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 34], "content_span": [35, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024932-0007-0001", "contents": "187 Strassenbande, Discography, LX\nLess than a month after the release of the album, LX was arrested and charged with several violent crimes and sentenced to 22 months in prison, before being released after serving only a part of his jail sentence. Together with Maxwell, he was nominated at the Echoverleihung awards in 2016 as \"Best newcomer\". However he could not attend the celebrations because he did not get a clearance for the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 34], "content_span": [35, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024932-0008-0000", "contents": "187 Strassenbande, Discography, Sa4\nSa4 was born as Anton Kolja Pehrs in Hamburg. He met Bonez MC while on the label Jentown Crhyme. 187 Strassenbande was more like a graffiti crew at the time. In 2009 Sa4 released his mixtape Undercover. In 2016, he released the Nebensache EP, which was part of the box set of the album High & Hungrig 2 by Bonez MC and Gzuz. His EP was made available as a stand-alone EP in January 2017 for downloads. Sa4 was represented on all four samplers of the 187 Strassenbande with several contributions. On 10 November 2017, he released his debut solo album Neue Deutsche Quelle that made it to number 3 on the German Albums Chart. Like most member outputs of 187 Strassenbande, his style is gangsta rap and street rap talking about crime on Hamburg streets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 786]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024932-0009-0000", "contents": "187 Strassenbande, Former members, AchtVier\nAchtVier, real name Timo Molloisch, was born on 26 October 1984. He left the band in 2014. AchtVier was keen on following a solo career after his first solo album Aufstand in 2011. In 2013 he released his second album  Wohlstand in 2013 making it to the Top 20 in the German Albums Chart. He announced his separation from the band on June 14, 2014. He has continued to release further solo album and in 2016 AchtVier founded his own record label Steuerfrei Money signing Hamburg rapper TaiMo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024932-0010-0000", "contents": "187 Strassenbande, Former members, Hasuna\nHussain M. (Hasuna) was born in 1991 (or 1992) and comes from Lebanon. He entered 187 Strassenbande in 2010. A few months later, in 2011, he was imprisoned for about three years due to attack with a knife. He got kicked out of the gang in 2015 because of attempted murder against one of the gang members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024932-0011-0000", "contents": "187 Strassenbande, Former members, Mosh36\nMosh 36, real name Shervin Rahmani, is a rapper with Iranian roots and was born in Berlin-Spandau on 25 December 1987 before moving to Hamburg in 2008. While in 187 Strassenbande, he pursued a solo career and in 2010 together with rapper Said, he had his first EP Jib followed two years later by the debut album Moshroom. In autumn of 2013, Mosh36 released his mixtape BZ (standing for Berlins Zukunft). He left the band in 2013. His third album Unikat and his first after leaving 187 Strassenbande  released in 2015 reached number 7 on the German Albums Chart. On December 15, 2016, it was announced that Mosh36 had signed on PA Sports label Life is Pain and will release his music from there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024933-0000-0000", "contents": "1870\n1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1870th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 870th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 70th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  1st   year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1870, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024934-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 (film)\n1870 (Italian: Correva l'anno di grazia 1870) is a 1971 Italian drama film directed by Alfredo Giannetti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024935-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 (magazine)\n1870 Magazine (formerly UWeekly) is a monthly magazine based in Columbus, Ohio that primarily serves the central portion of Columbus and the Ohio State University community. Its first issue was published on September 21, 2005. The paper's writing staff is largely students from Ohio State, which are also its main audience; it is considered a student magazine in this regard, though it has no official affiliation with the university. Wayne T. Lewis is the publisher and founder. Madi Task is the Editor-In-Chief.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024935-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 (magazine), History\nThe magazine published its first issue as UWeekly on September 21, 2005. At the time, it was met with a chilly reception from Ohio State's official daily student newspaper, The Lantern, where faculty adviser Sonya Humes instituted a policy banning any members of The Lantern from writing for UWeekly. Despite this initial hostility, both publications continue to co-exist relatively peacefully on the Ohio State campus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024935-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 (magazine), History\nIn 2014, UWeekly became the country's only weekly college publication to publish in a glossy, magazine format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024935-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 (magazine), History\nIn January 2016, the magazine was renamed to 1870 Magazine. The January 2016 issue was labeled the \"Inaugural Issue\"; however, the magazine's website, 1870 Now, remains at uweekly.com.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024935-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 (magazine), Content\nThe sections of UWeekly include Campus News, Ohio State Sports, The Hookup (Entertainment) and Music and are included in the paper weekly. Each edition of the paper also includes an Opinion page, Instagram photos #asseenoncampus, an event calendar and a Fashion column.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024936-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1870 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1870, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama. Incumbent Republican William Hugh Smith was narrowly defeated by Democrat Robert B. Lindsay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024936-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe run-up to the election was marred by political and racist terrorism by the Ku Klux Klan, in support of Lindsay. This violence included the lynching of four blacks and a white in Calhoun County, the murder of two blacks (one a Republican politician) in Greene County, and the October Eutaw massacre.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024936-0001-0001", "contents": "1870 Alabama gubernatorial election\nIn Greene County, for instance, the violence in Eutaw is credited with swaying the vote in that county toward Lindsay: in the 1868 presidential election, Greene County had voted for Ulysses S. Grant by a margin of 2,000 votes; in the 1870 gubernatorial election it voted for Robert B. Lindsay by a margin of 43.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024937-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 America's Cup\nThe 1870 America's Cup was the first America's Cup to be hosted in the United States, and the first \"America's Cup\" due to the trophy being renamed from the 100 Guineas Cup of 1851. It was the first competition after the founding of the \"America's Cup\" event with the deed of gift in 1857.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024937-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 America's Cup\nJames Lloyd Ashbury's yacht Cambria sailed to New York on behalf of the Royal Thames Yacht Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024937-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 America's Cup\nThe New York Yacht Club entered 17 schooners, and the race was won by Franklin Osgood's Magic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1870 Atlantic hurricane season lasted from mid-summer to late-fall and comprised one tropical storm and ten hurricanes, two of which became major hurricanes, (Category 3+). However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) recognizes eleven tropical cyclones for the 1870 season. Ten storms attained hurricane status, with winds of 75\u00a0mph (119\u00a0km/h) or greater. Of the eleven Atlantic cyclones known for 1870 only three made landfall. Although Hurricane One caused damage in Alabama, the storm centre may not have crossed the coastline. Hurricane Nine made landfalls in both Cuba and Florida. Hurricane Two and Tropical Storm Three were both active in the first week of September but neither made landfall, although Hurricane Two did come close to the Newfoundland coastline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0001-0001", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nLater that month two more hurricanes were seen in the western Atlantic. Hurricane Four was an intense category three cyclone while Hurricane Five was a weaker category one storm. More notable was Hurricane Six. This hurricane, known as the Hurricane of San Marcos or the Straits of Florida Hurricane, caused massive flooding in Cuba and south Florida, resulting in 2,000 casualties  and at least $12 million in damages. Hurricanes Seven and Eight were also active in the first half of October, both in the mid-Atlantic. Hurricane Nine made landfalls in both Cuba and Florida and was responsible for some 52 deaths. Hurricane Ten was sighted on October\u00a023 near the Turks and Caicos Islands. The last cyclone of the year, Hurricane Eleven made landfall in Belize.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nThe first officially recognized tropical cyclone of 1870 made landfall near Mobile, Alabama, on July 30, though little is known about its genesis or track. According to one report, barometric pressure fell to 931\u00a0mbar (27.5\u00a0inHg), but this is considered dubious. The storm's passage was brief, with the strongest winds confined to a period of about two hours in the early afternoon. Storm surge flooding damaged coastal installations along the shores of Mobile Bay, and several steamboats were either sunk or blown ashore. The winds uprooted trees, damaged roofs, and severed telegraph wires throughout Mobile. At the height of the storm, a floating dry dock broke free from its moorings and traveled about 8\u00a0mi (13\u00a0km) up the Mobile River, crushing wharves and boats along its path. Overall, damage from the storm amounted to an estimated $200,000 (1870 USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 915]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nA tropical storm formed on August\u00a030. The storm moved northwest towards the United States, before it peaked as a Category 2 hurricane. The storm then curved back to the northeast. It travelled parallel to the coast of Nova Scotia until it was last seen on September\u00a04 near Newfoundland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three\nA tropical storm was detected to the west of Cape Verde on September\u00a01. Tracking westward, it was encountered by another ship on September 4. The storm's subsequent progress is unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nThis hurricane was first encountered by a ship about 260\u00a0mi (420\u00a0km) northeast of San Juan, Puerto Rico, on September 9. The storm tracked generally northward, and on September 10, it passed 90\u00a0mi (140\u00a0km) west of Bermuda. There, the storm produced tropical storm-force winds that extensively damaged banana and other fruit trees. Based on a central barometric pressure reading of 948\u00a0mbar (28.0\u00a0inHg) from the brig Lizzie M. Morrell, the storm is believed to have achieved major hurricane intensity. Curving northeastward, the hurricane underwent extratropical transition by September 13.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0006-0000", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nNumerous ships in the western Atlantic reported stormy weather from September 17 through 20. By weighting these reports according to their credibility and consistency, Partag\u00e1s was able to construct an approximate recurving track for the hurricane. As the system accelerated northeastward, it probably transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 19.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0007-0000", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nFirst Key West Hurricane of 1870 or Hurricane of San Marcos of 1870", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0008-0000", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nOn October\u00a05, a tropical storm developed south of Haiti. It moved west-northwest, becoming a hurricane south of Cuba on October\u00a06. The hurricane rapidly strengthened to Category 3 with peak winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) prior to hitting Matanzas, Cuba on October\u00a07. After crossing Cuba, the hurricane moved slowly northeastward through the Florida Straits generating Category 1 winds over the Florida Keys. It moved out to sea, last being seen on October 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0009-0000", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nThe combination of sustained high winds, intensive rainfall and two rivers, the San Juan and the Yumuri, bursting their banks destroyed the city and caused the loss of some 800 lives. 1,200\u00a0people died in Cuba; It was one of the deadliest hurricanes on record. Damage was estimated at over $12\u00a0million (USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0010-0000", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nOn October\u00a07, a ship, the Horatio Harris, reported a hurricane several hundred miles west of the Cape Verde Islands; this appears to be the only known record of the storm. Partag\u00e1s considered that the system may have been related to the subsequent tropical cyclone over the northern Atlantic, but determined this to be unlikely, given the rapid speed at which it would have needed to travel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0011-0000", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eight\nA hurricane was first detected on October 10, more than 800\u00a0miles to the east of Bermuda. Based on reports from several ships, it headed east-northeastward over the following day. Little else is known about its track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0012-0000", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine\nOn October\u00a019 a hurricane was discovered in the Caribbean. The next day it made a landfall in western Cuba as a Category 2 hurricane, causing severe damage in Bataban\u00f3 and Vuelta Abajo. Later on the 20th, it made landfall in Florida as a Category 1 hurricane. The centre of the hurricane passed over the Dry Tortugas, producing heavy rainfall. It later hit Chokoloskee, crossed the state, and moved out to sea. It eventually dissipated on October\u00a022. Hurricane Nine was responsible for 52 fatalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0013-0000", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ten\nSeveral ships north of Cuba and Hispaniola reported a hurricane on October 23 and 24. No further details about this storm are known.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024938-0014-0000", "contents": "1870 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eleven\nThe final storm of the season originated from an area of unsettled weather that began affecting ships in the western Caribbean Sea on October 27. It organized into a tropical cyclone several days later, and maritime reports suggest that it achieved minimal hurricane intensity. The hurricane probably curved northward and weakened upon reaching the mountainous terrain of the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula. On November 3, a ship encountered the storm at hurricane intensity in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress\nThe 1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress (officially: First Spanish Workers' Congress) was a congress that brought together, from 18 to 26 June 1870, 89 delegates from workers' societies in Barcelona and in which the Spanish Regional Federation of the International Workingmen's Association (FRE-AIT) was founded. It is considered the founding act of anarchism in Spain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nThe Revolution of September 1868 opened a period of freedom in which workers' societies were able to emerge from the secrecy in which they had lived for most of the reign of Isabella II. In October the Provisional Government decreed freedom of association and that same month the Central Directorate of the Workers' Societies was founded in Barcelona, into which those that had subsisted during the clandestinity and other new ones that had survived were integrated. In December 1868 the Central Directorate held a Workers' Congress in which they were represented 61 societies. Among its leaders were men who would later become prominent figures of the FRE-AIT: Rafael Farga and Antonio Marsal Anglora, appointed secretaries of the organization; and Juan Nuet, Jaime Balasch, Clement Bov\u00e9 and Juan Fargas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 850]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nAlthough the AIT founded in London in 1864 was already known in Barcelona, direct contact with it came through the Italian Giuseppe Fanelli, sent by Mikhail Bakunin, who arrived in Barcelona at the end of October 1868 where he met with the leaders of the Central Directorate. After passing through Tarragona, Tortosa and Valencia, accompanied by \u00c9lie Reclus, Ar\u00edstides Rey, Fernando Garrido and Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Orense, Fanelli went to Madrid where he arrived on November 4th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0002-0001", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nThere he held a first meeting at the home of the lithographer Juli\u00e1n Rubao Donadeu with the group of workers who frequented the cultural group \"Fomento de las Artes\". From there the initial nucleus of the International emerged in Madrid, made up of twenty-one people: five construction painters, four typographers \u2014one of them Anselmo Lorenzo -, two tailors, two engravers \u2014one of them Tom\u00e1s Gonz\u00e1lez Morago -, two shoemakers, a carpenter, a gilder, a lithographer, a rope maker, a horseman and a journalist. The group was formed on 24 January 1869 but it would not officially become the Madrid section of the AIT until December of that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nFanelli provided them with official documents from the International but also from the International Alliance of Socialist Democracy, the secret anarchist organization created in September 1868 by Bakunin. In December the Alliance had seen its request for membership in the AIT denied but Fanelli was unaware of it when he formed the International group, of which eight of its members also joined the Alliance, without being aware that what it was advocating was contrary to what was approved by the International, influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0003-0001", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nWhile the International had agreed at its 2nd Congress \"that the social emancipation of the workers is inseparable from their political emancipation\" and \"that the establishment of political freedoms is a principal measure of absolute necessity\", the Alliance rejected \"all revolutionary action that does not have as an immediate and direct objective the triumph of the cause of the workers against capital\" and advocated the disappearance of the State, replaced by the \"universal union of free associations.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nAt the beginning of 1869 Fanelli arrived in Barcelona where he gathered a group of more than twenty workers in the workshop of the painter Jos\u00e9 Luis Pellicer, uncle of the typographer Rafael Farga, general secretary of the Federal Center for Workers' Societies and of the Catalan Athenaeum of the Working Class. The group became a Barcelona section of the AIT in May 1869, seven months before the Madrid section. In both cases with the same confusion between the International and the Alliance, as if they were the same thing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0004-0001", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\n\"Thus, the first Spanish affiliates to the AIT believed that the program of the Bakuninist secret society (suppression of the State, rejection of parliamentary politics, abolition of social classes and collectivization of property) coincided with the principles of the First International\". This \"combination sui generis of Alliance principles and the International\" would mark a particular course for anarchist socialism in Spain, providing it with an ideological amalgam that, strictly speaking, was not that of the International Workers' Association. In addition, these first groups were endowed with a double organizational level: one public and the other secret.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nHowever, the majority of the corporate movement continued to support federal republicanism, although the failure of the insurrection of September and October 1869, as well as the failure to fulfill the promises of the Provisional Government to suppress consumption and Fifths, the \"anti-political\" sentiment grew, which led the internationalists to intensify their propaganda campaign against the Republican Party and against workers' participation in the elections. The harsh police repression that was unleashed on the occasion of the \"mutiny against the fifths\" in Barcelona in April 1870 also helped to spread their proposals of antipoliticism at the first Spanish labor congress, which took place in Barcelona in June of that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0006-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Call\nIn January 1870, the Madrid group, which already had 23 office sections, brought out the newspaper La Solidaridad, whose writing staff included Vicente L\u00f3pez, Hip\u00f3lito Pauly, M\u00e1ximo Ambau, Juan Alc\u00e1zar, Anselmo Lorenzo, Francisco Mora and Tom\u00e1s Gonz\u00e1lez Morago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 38], "content_span": [39, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0006-0001", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Call\nIn its 12 February issue, La Solidaridad proposed holding a workers 'congress in Madrid on the first Sunday of the month of May - which it invited to attend \"all the workers' societies, constituted or in project, adhered or not to the International, but that are in accordance with its general statutes\", but the Barcelona section claimed that the capital had few workers' societies, and the newspaper La Federaci\u00f3n proposed that federal centers be consulted, organizing a vote in which affiliates from 26 towns throughout Spain participated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 38], "content_span": [39, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0006-0002", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Call\nBarcelona won, which obtained 10,030 votes, while Madrid obtained 3,370, with far behind: Zaragoza (694 votes), Valencia (648), Reus (20) and Alc\u00e1zar de San Juan (8). Thus, it was decided that the Congress would be held in Barcelona instead of Madrid because most of the 149 workers' societies that had taken the initiative - and that had 15,216 associates\u2014 were Catalan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 38], "content_span": [39, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0007-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Call\nThe scheduled date of the first Sunday in May was postponed due to the declaration of the state of siege in Barcelona due to the \"mutiny of the fifths\" that had broken out that spring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 38], "content_span": [39, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0008-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Call\nAt the beginning of June, a few days before the start of the Congress, the Madrid Section approved the following resolution, clearly Bakuninist: \"it is advised that the International completely separate itself from everything that could have a bourgeois political character\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 38], "content_span": [39, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0009-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThe congress began its sessions on 18 June 1870, according to Josep Termes, or on 19 June, according to Manuel Tu\u00f1\u00f3n de Lara, at the Teatro Circo in Barcelona. 89 delegates attended, 74 from Catalan workers' societies -33 from the textile sector and the rest from pre-industrial trades such as tailors, shoemakers or bricklayers-, who would represent 15,000 members. In addition to the Catalans, there were delegations from the Balearic Islands, Valencia, Alcoy, Cartagena, Malaga, Arahal, Jerez de la Frontera, C\u00e1diz, Ezcaray, Valladolid, etc.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0009-0001", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nOn many occasions the representation of societies outside Catalonia was held by members of the Federal Center of Barcelona - Farga Pellicer himself represented the Center of Cartagena and the tailors, bakers and painters of C\u00e1diz. The presidency was initially held by Farga Pellicer but he handed it over to Andr\u00e9 Bastelica, a French refugee who a year later would participate in the Paris Commune. The first two days were dedicated to the delegations presenting the situation of their organizations and workers in their localities. According to one of the attendees later, during those first two sessions:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0010-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nmany delegates took the floor to give an account of the moral and material state of the working class in their respective localities, the whole presenting a heartbreaking picture of the mistreatment, penalties and miseries under which the class was overwhelmed worker. This was a tremendous accusation leveled against bourgeois society by the victims of its iniquitous exploitation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0011-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nFrom the first session, the congress appeared attached to the International Workingmen's Association. This was stated by Farga Pellicer in the opening speech: \"you come here to affirm the great work of the International Workers' Association ... which contains in itself the complete emancipation of the proletariat ... [ and] under whose banner they are already sheltering of three million workers, white slaves and black slaves.\" At the end of the Congress Francisco Tom\u00e1s Oliver spoke to those gathered as \"delegates of the Spanish sections of the International Workingmen's Association.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0012-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThree currents were represented in Congress: the Bakuninists which was antipolitical, anti-state, collectivist and only relatively favorable to the development of the workers' societies; the trade unionists, subdivided into a \"apolitical\" and a \"political\" trend, the latter in favor of continuing to participate in the federal republican movement; and the cooperativists, little interested in the declaration of strikes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0013-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nFour major issues were discussed in the Congress. The first was union action - \"the resistance\" - on which the need to create workers' societies and to declare vindictive strikes - at this point the Bakuninists accepted the postulates of the trade unionists and thus easily defeated the cooperative sector - although the latter were not considered an end in themselves but a means to advance towards the social revolution and thus achieve \"The complete emancipation of the working classes\" carried out by themselves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0013-0001", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nWith this agreement, approved by 47 votes to 2 and 23 abstentions, \"the resistance ceased to be an attitude of socio-professional type, to become socio-political, although the expression \"politics\" was so repugnant to those men\". \"A new type of union action was imposed, the \"solidarity resistance\", which meant overcoming the old \"societarism\" in which each workers' society was solely responsible for its own strikes, which it had to finance with its own funds.\" This was explained by one of the drafters of the opinion, the Bakuninist Anselmo Lorenzo:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0014-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nSo it is not about organizing resistance societies that only have relationships between the individuals that make up society, it is about bringing together the same interests between the different societies that can be founded in a locality In other words, it is about organizing the resistance by associating all the workers...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0015-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThe second topic was cooperatives. At this point the cooperatives were defeated again, since only the existence of the consumer cooperatives was accepted, but not the production cooperatives. Thus, \"cooperation was subordinated to the initiation of the workers and to the propaganda for the repeated general emancipation\". As has been pointed out Josep Termes, \"Cooperativism as a formula for social emancipation suffered, at the Barcelona congress, a severe blow for which it was not compensated.\" The Bakuninist Tom\u00e1s said:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0016-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nI think it has been said that cooperation was a direct means to reach the complete and radical emancipation of the working class, with which I am not satisfied ... I believe that so that the workers can reach their full and radical emancipation it is necessary to make a Social Revolution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0017-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThe third great subject treated in the Congress was the one of the social organization of the workers. It was agreed that the base would be constituted by local trade unions, which in turn would federate with those of the same branch of other towns. The resulting federation would be the one that would direct the protest actions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0017-0001", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nLikewise, the trade unions of the same locality would be grouped to form a local workers' federation, which in turn would join the rest of the local federations to constitute the Regional Federation, which would be integrated into the International Workingmen's Association (AIT), whose objective \"is to reach the social revolution as soon as possible to achieve the economic and social emancipation of the workers.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0017-0002", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\n\"The strict anarchists considered that these local and regional federations were the embryos of the future management bodies of the municipalities and the country, and that they foreshadowed the instruments of government that were to be implemented when the State and private property were abolished and collective property would have been established\u201d. The cooperative members presented an alternative reformist opinion calling for the formation of mixed juries, cooperatives, workers' credit unions and the intervention of the State to tackle the social question, but it was defeated. An Andalusian Bakuninist answered them:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0018-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nWhat brothers! Do you want to join the state when we propose its destruction? ... It seems to me not, because you say in your writing, that in this way we will obtain our emancipation. But do you hope that the state will succumb to give us life? [ ...] All the concessions that we have taken from the state have been truncated; they have been temporary flatteries to contain our most radical aspirations that have to ask for their annihilation ... He has given us, I say, universal suffrage and he is, according to the writing that I fight is clear, the powerful weapon that is wielded by we will give us victory. And what is universal suffrage? A sarcasm for the worker, as long as there is no social equality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0019-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThe fourth and last topic was undoubtedly the most controversial and to which the most time was devoted. It was about determining the attitude to be maintained towards politics. The Bakuninists - who had prepared the proposals in previous secret meetings of the Alliance - tried to convince the \"political\" union delegates and cooperativists of the virtues of \"anti-politicalism\" but they continued to defend the Federal Republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0019-0001", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nIn the end, a somewhat ambiguous agreement was reached in which \"antipoliticism (that is, global and systematic opposition to political parties, elections and parliaments) was not clearly defined, but rather apoliticalism that, by recommending to the Workers' societies that renounce politics, as collectives, did not impede the political action of their members if they were considered individually.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0019-0002", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThe agreement was actually the result of the acceptance by the Bakuninists of the \"apoliticism\" of the trade unionists who defended that politics should be left out of the internal debate of the workers' societies, in order to group all the workers that they had regardless of ideas, and it meant the defeat of the \"political\" syndicalists favorable to federal republicanism. Thus, as Josep Termes has pointed out, \"the Barcelona Congress did not exactly produce the victory of Bakuninist antipoliticism, but rather that of a coalition of anarchists and apolitical syndicalists\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0020-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThe minority that spoke out against the ruling and defended political participation used arguments such as the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0021-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nTo successively achieve protection from the state, I believe that we workers must take part in the elections of the municipalities, in the elections of the provincial councils, and even more so in those of deputies to the Cortes, electing workers or people who by their ideas they are known protectors of the working class; because it is clear, citizens, that if the capitalists and the privileged make the laws, they will always make them in their favor, while if the workers took part in the formation of these laws, they would certainly make them in our favor. This is why I believe that workers should take a more active part in these elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0022-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThe federal republican newspaper La Campana de Gr\u00e0cia described the delegates who voted in favor of apoliticism as \"imbeciles or traitors to the cause of the worker.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0023-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nFrancesc Tom\u00e0s Oliver thus valued this point in his Historical notes on the birth of anarcho-collectivist ideas in Spain published in La Revista Social between 1883 and 1885:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0024-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThe Barcelona Congress\u2026 was the first where the anarcho-collectivist ideas were proclaimed by some 50 of the 85 delegates who took part in its deliberations. [ \u2026 ] A part of the delegates who voted with the majority understood that as a society, as a corporation, they should not engage in bourgeois or parliamentary politics, but as individuals they could join any of the political parties. This false interpretation led to many of the internationalists at critical moments being more friends with the bourgeois parties than with that association. [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0024-0001", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\n\u2026] When this was held, the federalists exercised a lot of influence and, for some delegates like the Bochons and the Nuet to vote the opinion on the attitude of the International in relation to politics, it was necessary to delete from the preamble the phrases most combative against the Federal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0025-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nA Federal Council made up of members of the Madrid section was elected because it was decided to locate its headquarters there. This is how Anselmo Lorenzo, Tom\u00e1s Gonz\u00e1lez Morago, Enrique Borrel, Francisco Mora and \u00c1ngel Mora were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0025-0001", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nAccording to Josep Termes, the fact that the Council was not based in Barcelona, as would have been the logical thing to do since it was \"the stronghold of workers\", possibly due to the fact that most of the delegates from Catalan societies - some 40 out of a total of 74 - had not supported the \"apolitical\" radical line approved in Congress. This is what would also explain why the following congresses were not held in Barcelona or Catalonia, but in Zaragoza, C\u00f3rdoba and Madrid, \"cities that at that time were hardly relevant in terms of the labor movement\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0026-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nAfter having decided to hold the next one in Valencia, the congress closed on Saturday 25 June, with a series of events being held the following day, Sunday. At eight o'clock in the morning a parade began with the AIT banner in front, which bore the phrase \"No more rights without duties, no more duties without rights\", followed by a rally attended by some 10,000 workers that Farga Pellicer closed alluding to \"the great work of the International\" since \"only the Social Revolution could achieve our social emancipation.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0027-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nShortly afterwards these verses circulated calling on the workers to join the AIT:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0028-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThe hour of justice sounds, the symbol of radical reform;  our shield by currency, let it be the International. We will have our shadow sheltered by peace, attention:  that we are going to found, brothers, and our Emancipation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024939-0029-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Consequences\nNot all the workers' societies existing in Spain at the time \u2014 some 195 that had about 25,000 members \u2014 were integrated into the Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA. Its membership ranged from a minimum of 1,764 in April 1871 to 15,000 in August 1872, making it one of the most important regional federations of the International. The local federations \u2014 13 and 33 in the process of being established \u2014 were very unequal in terms of the number of members \u2014 the Barcelona one reached 6,000 members, while the Madrid one never exceeded 200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024940-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona yellow fever epidemic\nThe 1870 Barcelona yellow fever epidemic was an epidemic that took place in the Spanish city of Barcelona in 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024940-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Barcelona yellow fever epidemic, History\nThis yellow fever epidemic was concentrated in the second half of the year 1870, from August to the end of the year. There were a total of 1235 deaths. Half a century earlier, another epidemic of the same disease had taken place, which had killed an estimated 3,251, 6,244, or more than 8,000 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024941-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Birthday Honours\nThe 1870 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 31 May 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024941-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024942-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1870 saw the election of William Gaston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024943-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Braidwood colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Braidwood on 17 October 1870 because the elections and qualifications committee declared the election of Michael Kelly to be void.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024944-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Brecon by-election\nThe Brecon by-election of 1870 was fought on 13 June 1870. The by-election was fought due to the Succession to a peerage of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Lord Hyde. It was won by the Conservative candidate James Gwynne-Holford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024945-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Bridgnorth by-election\nThe Bridgnorth by-election of 1870 was fought on 16 February 1870. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP  Henry Whitmore. It was won by the unopposed Liberal candidate William Henry Foster. The Liberals would hold their gain at the 1874 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024946-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Bruce by-election\nThe 1870 Bruce by-election was held on 21 March 1870 in the Bruce electorate after the resignation of John Cargill during the 4th Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024946-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Bruce by-election\nBrown was nominated by John Lillie Gillies and seconded by Henry Clark; 25 electors were present. As there was only one nomination, he was declared elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024947-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Caversham by-election\nThe 1870 Caversham by-election was a by-election held  on 25 April 1870 in the Caversham electorate in the Otago region of New Zealand during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024947-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Caversham by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent Arthur John Burns, on 25 March 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024947-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Caversham by-election\nThe by-election was won by James McIndoe. He was opposed by: William Cutten, John Graham and William Robertson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024948-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 City of Christchurch by-election\nThe 1870 City of Christchurch by-election was a by-election held on 12 August 1870 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Christchurch electorate of Christchurch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024948-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 City of Christchurch by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Travers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024948-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 City of Christchurch by-election\nOn the appointed day William Sefton Moorhouse was nominated, and as there were no other nominations he was declared elected. He then made a speech which one report said contained \"nothing of importance\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024949-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Clermont colonial by-election\nThe Clermont colonial by-election, 1870 was a by-election held on 4 May 1870 in the electoral district of Clermont for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024949-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Clermont colonial by-election, History\nOn 4 April 1870, Oscar de Satge, member for the Clermont resigned. John Robinson Benson won the resulting by-election on 4 May 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024950-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Colchester by-election\nThe Colchester by-election of 1870 was held on 3 November 1870. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, John Gurdon Rebow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024950-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Colchester by-election\nThe Liberal candidate was Sir Henry Storks, a strong supporter of the controversial Contagious Diseases Acts which provided for compulsory inspection and medical treatment of prostitutes in garrison towns, including Colchester. Opponents of the legislation, including Josephine Butler, supported a rival Liberal Baxter Langley, and used the election in their campaign for repeal. Langley withdrew on election day and the Conservative candidate Alexander Learmonth of Edinburgh, gained the seat convincingly. The gain was retained at the subsequent general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024951-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Colombian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in the United States of Colombia in 1870. The result was a victory for Eustorgio Salgar of the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024951-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Colombian presidential election, Electoral system\nThe 1863 constitution changed the electoral system from a direct vote to an indirect vote. The President was now elected on the basis of which candidate received the most votes in each state, with a candidate required to win in at least five of the nine states to be elected. If no candidate received a majority, Congress would elect the President from the main contenders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024952-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Columbia football team\nThe 1870 Columbia football team represented Columbia University in the 1870 college football season. They finished with a 0\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024953-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1870 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 4, 1870. It was the third consecutive contest between the same two major party nominees. Former governor and Democratic nominee James E. English defeated incumbent governor and Republican nominee Marshall Jewell with 50.48% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024954-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Costa Rican coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe coup d'\u00e9tat of April 27, 1870 in Costa Rica was a coup implemented by the military leadership led by Tom\u00e1s Guardia Guti\u00e9rrez and it established, to a large extent, the inauguration of the Liberal State. It also enacted the Costa Rican Constitution of 1871, the longest in Costa Rican history as it remained in force until 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024954-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Costa Rican coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe coup overthrew the de facto president Jes\u00fas Jim\u00e9nez Zamora and was originally set by former president Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Montealegre Fern\u00e1ndez, who aspired the return to power by force. A group of soldiers led by the Guardia clandestinely entered the Army Headquarters, then see of the army and took control of it. However, Guardia did not hand over power to Montealegre but to Bruno Carranza who soon afterwards resigns and the Guardia-dominated Congress appoints Guardia directly. Guardia was very popular among the military, especially for his heroic performance in the Filibuster War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024954-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Costa Rican coup d'\u00e9tat\nWhile Montealegre and Jim\u00e9nez both belonged to the group of antimoristas who had overthrown and executed the hero of the Filibuster War, Juan Rafael Mora Porras, as well as sought to erase his memory of Costa Rican history, Guardia on the contrary had been Morista himself and after the coup he took enormous efforts to connect his own figure and government with that of Mora.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024954-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 Costa Rican coup d'\u00e9tat\nGuard did not belong to the powerful Costa Rican coffee oligarchy, a political elite that had ruled continuously until then. His power was maintained only by the loyal support he had of the troops. Immediately after the coup, Guardia would convene a Constituent Assembly that drafted a new constitution, highly progressive for the time and with strong liberal roots. He abolished the death penalty and torture, \"desoligarquized\" the political system and carried out many infrastructure works.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024954-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 Costa Rican coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe date of the coup was commemorated every year under his regime using music bands that roamed the country, with civic acts in the municipal councils of each provincial capital, military parades, a mass and banquet. Guard would rule as strong man of the country directly or through front men until his death in 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024955-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Costa Rican presidential referendum\nA referendum on appointing Tom\u00e1s Guardia Guti\u00e9rrez as President with special powers was held in Costa Rica on 8 August 1870. It was approved, and Guti\u00e9rrez assumed the presidency on 11 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024955-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Costa Rican presidential referendum, Background\nOn 27 April 1870 Guti\u00e9rrez had been one of a group of army officers who had deposed President Jes\u00fas Jim\u00e9nez Zamora. Bruno Carranza had become president, but Guti\u00e9rrez had held real power. After three months, he replaced Carranza.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024955-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Costa Rican presidential referendum, Aftermath\nOn 15 October 1871 Guti\u00e9rrez convened a Constitutional Council, which adopted a new constitution on 7 December. It allowed for the election of a military person as President. Guti\u00e9rrez subsequently remained in office until his death in 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024956-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Dalmatian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024956-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Dalmatian parliamentary election, Members of parliament, Autonomists\nVincenzo Alesani, Antonio Bajamonti, Cosimo de Begna Possedaria (1870\u20131873), Natale Filippi (1870\u20131873), Gaetano Frari, Matteo Gligo, Stefano Knezevich, Andrea Krussevich (1872\u20131873 and 1875\u20131876), Francesco Lanza (1870\u20131874), Luigi Lapenna (1872\u20131873), Pietro Doimo Maupas, Luigi Mery, Francesco Milcovich (1874\u20131876), Giuseppe Mladineo (1871\u20131874), Luigi Nutrizio (1875\u20131876), Giuseppe Piperata (1871\u20131873), Valerio Ponte (1870\u20131870), Giuseppe Radman (1874\u20131876), Simeone Rossignoli (1874\u20131876), Niccol\u00f2 Trigari (1874\u20131876), Vincenzo Vuletich (1871\u20131876).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 73], "content_span": [74, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024957-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Delaware gubernatorial election\nThe 1870 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1870. Incumbent Democratic Governor Gove Saulsbury was unable to seek re-election. Former State Senator James Ponder ran as the Democratic candidate to succeed Saulsbury and faced Republican nominee Thomas B. Coursey. As Black Delawareans gained the right to vote, Republicans were confident about their chances, and the Democratic Party responded by presenting itself as the \"white man's party.\" Ponder ultimately defeated Coursey by a wide margin, in part because of low Black turnout and a racist backlash against Black suffrage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024957-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Delaware gubernatorial election, Bibliography\nThis Delaware elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024958-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Dominican Republic annexation referendum\nA referendum on annexation by the United States was held in the Dominican Republic on 19 February 1870. The proposal was approved by 99.93% of voters, although turnout was just 30%. However, the United States Senate rejected the annexation on 30 June 1870 with a 28\u201328 vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024958-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Dominican Republic annexation referendum, Background\nThe Dominican Republic originally became independent from Haiti in 1844 following the War of Independence. However, in 1861 the country was occupied by Spain following an inflation crisis. In 1865 the country became independent again following the Restoration War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 57], "content_span": [58, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024958-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Dominican Republic annexation referendum, Background\nBy 1870 the country had significant debts caused by the ongoing Six Years' War. President Buenaventura B\u00e1ez planned on selling the Saman\u00e1 Peninsula to the United States for $1.1 million, whilst US President Ulysses S. Grant wanted to annex the entire country. A treaty was signed between the two countries on 29 November 1869. The US would purchase the Dominican Republic for $1.5 million and would lease the Saman\u00e1 Peninsula for $147,229.91 for 99 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 57], "content_span": [58, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024958-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 Dominican Republic annexation referendum, Background\nOn 16 February B\u00e1ez ordered a referendum to be held in the form of a register. Eleven votes against were ordered so as to make the results seem plausible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 57], "content_span": [58, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024959-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Dublin City by-election\nThe Dublin City by-election of 1870 was fought on 18 August 1870. The by-election was fought due to the void election of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Sir Arthur Edward Guinness. The election was voided because of his election agent's unlawful efforts, which the court found were unknown to the candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024959-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Dublin City by-election\nIt was won by the Liberal candidate Sir Dominic John Corrigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024959-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Dublin City by-election\nCorrigan did not stand for re-election in 1874; his support for temperance and Sunday closing (of pubs) is thought to have antagonised his constituents and alcohol companies. Guinness was re-elected in 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024960-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Dublin University by-election\nThe Dublin University by-election of 1870 was fought on 14 February 1870. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP Anthony Lefroy. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate David Robert Plunket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024961-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 East Devon by-election\nThe East Devon by-election of 1870 was fought on 9 April 1870. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP Lord Courtenay. It was won unopposed by the Conservative candidate John Henry Kennaway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024962-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 East Moreton colonial by-election\nThe East Moreton colonial by-election, 1870 was a by-election held on 19 February 1870 in the electoral district of East Moreton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024962-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 East Moreton colonial by-election, History\nOn 17 February 1870, Arthur Francis, member for East Moreton, resigned due to insolvency. On the nomination day for the by-election, 19 February 1870, there were two candidatesRobert Travers Atkin and Robert Cribb (who had previously represented the electorate from 1863 to 1867). In his nomination speech, Atkin made accusations against Cribb, who replied vigorously defending himself. The somewhat unexpected outcome of this verbal exchange was that Cribb announced he would withdraw his nomination. Cribb said that if Atkin believed he could represent them so well, the best thing they could do would be to let him try, predicting that Atkin would either resign or be asked to resign within six months. Being the only remaining candidate, Atkin was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024962-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 East Moreton colonial by-election, History\nCribb's six-month prediction did not come true. However, Atkin did not complete his term, as he resigned on 7 March 1872 due to serious ill health (pulmonary tuberculosis) and died soon after.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024963-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 East Suffolk by-election\nThe 1870 East Suffolk by-election was held on 1 June 1870 after the incumbent Conservative MP John Henniker-Major was raised to the peerage as the fifth Baron Henniker. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Viscount Mahon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024963-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 East Suffolk by-election\nThis was the seventh time that the Liberal candidate, Sir Shafto Adair, had been defeated in East Suffolk, although there had earlier been some speculation that he would be returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024964-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 East Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Sydney on 23 February 1870 because Henry Parkes had also been elected to Kiama and chose to resign from East Sydney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024965-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 English cricket season\n1870 was the 84th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). It was in many ways a bridge between two eras of the game and, in a summer comparable for hot and dry weather to 1887, 1911, 1976 or 1995, saw W.G. Grace for the second of three successive years establish a record run aggregate, late-blooming slow bowler James Southerton become the first bowler to take 200 first-class wickets in a season and the first use of the heavy roller at Lord's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024965-0000-0001", "contents": "1870 English cricket season\nAlthough the heavy roller had been patented several decades earlier, its use was never seriously considered by MCC management despite many protests over the danger posed by the Lord's pitch where extremely frequent \u201cshooters\u201d alternated with balls that \u201cflew\u201d over the batsman's head. These dangerous pitches were viewed as a symbol of virility by many amateur batsmen, however; though when remembering one of W.G.\u2019s finest innings \u2013 66 on one of the roughest Lord\u2019s pitches against a very strong Yorkshire attack against Yorkshire \u2013 fast bowlers Freeman and Emmett wondered how the champion was not maimed or killed outright.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024965-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 English cricket season\nAn unfortunate accident to George Summers which led to his death from head injuries four days after being hit by a sharply rising ball from John Platts that had struck a loose pebble showed that in its first year the heavy roller had not radically altered the Lord\u2019s pitch; though it was to do so from the following season", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024965-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 English cricket season\nA number of thrilling finishes occurred, most famously the University Match where a hat-trick by Frank Cobden gave Cambridge the match when Oxford looked certain to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024965-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 English cricket season, Notes\nCambridgeshire, though still regarded in 1870 as first-class, played no inter-county matches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024966-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Fijian general election\nAbortive elections to a Corporation of European settlers were held in Fiji in 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024966-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Fijian general election, Background\nThe European settlers in Fiji had been seeking to form some kind of government for several years. A leaflet was distributed at a meeting in Levuka on 14 April 1870 proposing the creation of a governing committee. A committee was subsequently set up to produce a constitution, which was published in May 1870. It proposed a Corporation in which each district would be represented by a number of delegates proportion to its European population. Its first meeting was to be held on 16 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024966-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Fijian general election, Aftermath\nAs no representatives had been elected from the Northern  Viti Levu, Taveuni, Vanua Levu or Western Viti Levu, the elected members of the Corporation stated that felt they could not make decisions on any matter that would affect the entire European community. Some delegates stated that they were uncertain of what powers they had and that not enough time had been provided to enrol voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024966-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 Fijian general election, Aftermath\nIn August, it was reported in the Fiji Times that the Corporation had been disbanded due to lack of support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024967-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 French constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in France on 8 May 1870. Voters were asked whether they approved of the liberal reforms made to the constitution since 1860 and passed by the S\u00e9natus-consulte on 20 April 1870. The changes were approved by 82.7% of voters with an 81.3% turnout. However, France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War caused the Empire to be abolished later that year. Despite this being the ninth constitutional referendum in French history, it was the first to have more than 8% oppose the motion, and one of only four to that point to have less than 99% official approval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024968-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Glaukos\n1870 Glaukos /\u02c8\u0261l\u0254\u02d0k\u0259s/ is a mid-sized Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 47 kilometers (29 miles) in diameter. Discovered during the first Palomar\u2013Leiden Trojan survey in 1971, it was later named for Glaucus from Greek mythology. The dark D-type asteroid has a rotation period of 6.0 hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024968-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Glaukos, Discovery\nGlaukos was discovered on 24 March 1971, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by astronomer Tom Gehrels at the Californian Palomar Observatory in California. The body's observation arc begins with a precovery of its first recorded observation at Palomar in November 1955, or more than 15 years prior to its official discovery observation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 23], "content_span": [24, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024968-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Glaukos, Discovery\nThis discovery was made in the context of a larger survey of faint Trojans. The trio of Dutch and Dutch\u2013American astronomers also collaborated on the productive Palomar\u2013Leiden survey in the 1960s, using the same procedure as for this (smaller) survey: Tom Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Cornelis and Ingrid van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 23], "content_span": [24, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024968-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 Glaukos, Orbit and classification\nGlaukos is a dark Jovian asteroid in a 1:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter. It is located in the trailing Trojan camp at the Gas Giant's L5 Lagrangian point, 60\u00b0 behind its orbit (see Trojans in astronomy). It is also a non-family asteroid of the Jovian background population. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 5.1\u20135.4\u00a0AU once every 12.02 years (4,389 days; semi-major axis of 5.25\u00a0AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.03 and an inclination of 7\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 38], "content_span": [39, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024968-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 Glaukos, Physical characteristics\nGlaukos has been characterized as a dark D-type asteroid by PanSTARRS' photometric survey as well as in the SDSS-based taxonomy. It is the most common spectral type among the Jupiter trojans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 38], "content_span": [39, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024968-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 Glaukos, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves\nIn 2012 and 2013, three rotational lightcurves of Glaukos in the R- and S-band were obtained by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 5.979, 5.980 and 5.989 hours with an amplitude between 0.27 and 0.37 magnitude (U=2/2/2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 51], "content_span": [52, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024968-0006-0000", "contents": "1870 Glaukos, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves\nIn October 2013, photometric observations by American astronomer Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies gave the so-far best rated lightcurve, with a period of 5.986\u00b10.003 hours and a brightness variation of 0.42 magnitude (U=3).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 51], "content_span": [52, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024968-0007-0000", "contents": "1870 Glaukos, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nAccording to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Glaukos measures 47.65 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.049, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 42.23 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 10.6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 59], "content_span": [60, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024968-0008-0000", "contents": "1870 Glaukos, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nNote: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB () and from the LCDB () for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 59], "content_span": [60, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024968-0009-0000", "contents": "1870 Glaukos, Naming\nThis minor planet was named after Glaucus (Glaukos) from Greek mythology. In Homer's Iliad, he was captain in the Lycian contingent during the Trojan War. and was killed by Ajax, after whom the Jovian asteroid 1404\u00a0Ajax is named. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1975 (M.P.C. 3826).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 20], "content_span": [21, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024969-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Goldfields North colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Goldfields North on 23 February 1870 because Robert Wisdom had also been elected to Lower Hunter and chose to resign from Goldfields North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024971-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Grand National\nThe 1870 Grand National was the 32nd renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 9 March 1870. This was the fifth and final time George Stevens rode the winner in the Grand National.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024971-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Grand National, Media Coverage and Aftermath\nIn a publicity stunt before this year's race, an athlete by the name of Tom Scott jumped a circuit of the course without the assistance of a horse. At this time the course was still not fully laid to turf and some of the obstacles were still natural hedges and banks making this a difficult two mile cross country run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 49], "content_span": [50, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024972-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Hatfield rail crash\nOn a frosty Boxing day in 1870 the driver of the 16:25 from London King's Cross to Peterborough noticed an 'uneasy oscillation' as he passed over Marshmoor level crossing, 2 miles south of Hatfield station. He peered back and discovered he had lost his train and pulled up. He reversed back, preceded by his fireman on foot showing a red light. They were met by the white-faced guard who told them there had been a disaster. The driver reversed direction again and sped to Hatfield to warn oncoming traffic and summon help.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024972-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Hatfield rail crash\nIt transpired that as the train approached the crossing the left hand leading wheel of the van at the front of the train had disintegrated and the coupling between the van and the locomotive had parted and the van and two following coaches had run off the rails onto the roadway demolishing a wall, and the crossing gates and posts and killing the mother and sister of a signalman who were waiting at the crossing. In addition six passengers in the two coaches were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024972-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Hatfield rail crash\nThe accident inspector criticized the method of tyre fixing and recommended, not for the first time, the use of Mansell composite wheels on passenger rolling stock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024973-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Honduran presidential referendum\nA referendum on Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Medina remaining President was held in Honduras on 26 March 1870. The proposal was approved by 95.15% of the voters. However, two years later he was ousted from power after a revolt by the Liberals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024973-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Honduran presidential referendum, Background\nMedina was elected President in 1864. According to the 1848 constitution he was eligible for a second term in office. However in 1865 Medina convened a Constitutional Convention, which adopted a new constitution on 18 September. This restricted the President to a single term in office, as well as making the National Congress unicameral. The Convention made Medina the provisional President, which was confirmed in a December 1865 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024973-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Honduran presidential referendum, Background\nIn order to win a second term after the adoption of the new constitution. He convened a new Convention, which approved the changes to the constitution and also elected him President for a second term. However, following protests, he held a plebiscite on the issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024974-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Isle of Wight by-election\nThe Isle of Wight by-election of 1870 was fought on 10 June 1870. The election occurred as a result of the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Sir John Simeon, 3rd Baronet. The Conservative candidate Alexander Baillie-Cochrane was elected over his Liberal opponent by a margin of 35 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024975-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Italian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Italy on 20 November 1870, with a second round of voting on 27 November. They were a snap election, called by Prime Minister Giovanni Lanza to take advantage by the Capture of Rome and to give parliamentary representation to the future capital of Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024975-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Italian general election\nOnly 530,018 men of a total population of around 26 million were entitled to vote. They were largely aristocrats representing rentiers from the north of the country, and held moderate political views including loyalty to the crown and low government spending.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024975-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nThe Historical Right was led by the Prime Minister of Italy, Giovanni Lanza, a conservative politician from Piedmont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024975-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nThe bloc of the Historical Left was led by Urbano Rattazzi, a liberal politician and former Prime Minister, who led the left-wing for more than a decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024975-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nThe electoral result was controversial; in terms of percentages, Prime Minister Giovanni Lanza fully exploited the prestige of the Capture of Rome against his parliamentary opponents. However, the turnout further declined after the Non expedit of Pope Pius IX, so that less than 1% of the total population of the country took part to this election. The newly completed Italian State so revealed itself as a strict oligarchy with a deep fracture with its same population, creating a damage which was never really repaired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024975-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nAfter the election, Lanza was confirmed Prime Minister by the King.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024976-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Kiama colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Kiama on 3 November 1870 because of the resignation of Henry Parkes due to financial difficulties following the failure of his importing venture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024976-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Kiama colonial by-election, Aftermath\nParkes return to parliament was short lived as he was subsequently forced into bankruptcy in December 1870, forcing another by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024977-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Liberian constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the length of terms of office was held in Liberia on 3 May 1870. After the political dispute that had followed the disputed result of a  similar referendum the previous year, the Legislature agreed to resubmit the proposal to the electorate. President Edward James Roye had the votes counted and declared that the referendum had passed. The legislature, the entity legally responsible for counting the votes, declared that the proposal has not passed because an illegitimate officer - the President - had counted the votes and thus the referendum had failed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024978-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Liverpool Plains colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Liverpool Plains on 29 January 1870 because Charles Cowper had been appointed Premier and Colonial Secretary, forming the fifth Cowper ministry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024979-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Liverpool Town Council election\nElections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Monday 1 November 1870. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years. Nine of the sixteen wards were uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024979-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Liverpool Town Council election, Election result\nBecause of the large number of uncontested seats, these statistics should be taken in that context.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024979-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No.4, St. Paul's, 17 March 1871\nThe death of Alderman Richard Sheil was reported to the Council on 1 March 1870. Councillor Oliver Holden (Conservative, St. Paul's, elected 1 November 1868) was elected as an alderman by the Council (Councillors and Aldermen) on 8 March 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 83], "content_span": [84, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024979-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By Election, 15 April 1871\nThe death of Alderman John Stewart JP was reported to the Council meeting on 19 April 1871. Peter Thomson was elected as an Alderman by the Council (Councillors and Aldermen) on 15 April 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 89], "content_span": [90, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024979-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By Election, 6 October 1871\nThe death of Alderman Thomas Dover JP was reported to the Council meeting on 4 October 1871. Former Councillor James Jack (Conservative, Rodney Street last elected 1 November 1864) was elected as an alderman by the Council (Councillors and Aldermen) on 6 October 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 90], "content_span": [91, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024980-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Londonderry City by-election\nThe Londonderry City by-election of 1870 was held on 15 February. It was a ministerial by-election, triggered by the appointment of Liberal Party member of parliament Richard Dowse as Solicitor-General for Ireland. The election was strongly contested by the Irish Conservative Party at a time when such by-elections were increasingly unchallenged. During this period the Catholic population of Londonderry tended to support the Liberals while the Protestant population supported the Conservatives. Dowse won, with a slightly reduced majority, and the result has been cited as evidence for the increasing co-operation between Episcopalian and Presbyterian voters in Ulster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024980-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Londonderry City by-election, Background\nRichard Dowse was a Liberal Party politician who was first elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom for the Londonderry City constituency at the 17 November 1868 general election. At this election he had defeated his only rival, the Irish Conservative Party's Claud Hamilton, by 704 votes to 599.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024980-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Londonderry City by-election, Background\nA lawyer by profession, Dowse was appointed Solicitor-General for Ireland in February 1870 which, under the law of the time, triggered a ministerial by-election. The election was scheduled for 15 February and Dowse faced a strong challenge by the Conservative Party's Robert Baxter, at a time when ministerial by-elections (abolished in 1926) were increasingly uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024980-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 Londonderry City by-election, Results\nDowse was re-elected, receiving 680 votes compared to 592 received by Baxter. The vote in Londonderry at this time was usually sectarian with the numbers of Protestant and Catholic voters directly correlating with support for the Conservative and Liberal parties respectively. The 1870 result was regarded as indicating an increasing co-operation between Episcopalian and Presbyterian voters in Ulster. This was the last parliamentary election in the constituency before the introduction of the secret ballot in 1872 and registers of all the voters for each elector are still held on record. Dowse stood down as member of parliament in 1872 to take up a position as Baron of the Exchequer, the resulting by-election saw the loss of the seat to the Conservatives as some Liberals switched their support because of the Liberal candidate's record in government and the party's education policy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 934]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024981-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1870 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 12, 1870. Republican candidate Sidney Perham defeated the Democratic candidate Charles W. Roberts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024982-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Maltese Council of Government referendum\nA referendum on whether clergy should be eligible to sit in the Council of Government was held in Malta in 1870. It was approved by 96% of voters. Only 60% of those eligible to vote participated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024983-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Maltese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Malta between 13 and 18 June 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024983-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Maltese general election, Background\nThe elections were held under the 1849 constitution, which provided for an 18-member Government Council, of which ten members would be appointed and eight elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024983-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Maltese general election, Results\nA total of 2,732 people were registered to vote, of which 1,908 cast votes, giving a turnout of 70%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024984-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Manitoba general election\nThe 1870 Manitoba general election held on December 27, 1870, resulted in a victory for Lieutenant Governor Adams George Archibald's governing coalition. Archibald had previously been appointed as the province's Lieutenant Governor by George-\u00c9tienne Cartier, and promoted a model of \"consensus government,\" which included members of the province's different ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024984-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Manitoba general election\nThe only organized opposition in the province was the Canadian Party of John Christian Schultz, which demanded swifter retribution against the leaders of Louis Riel's Red River Rebellion. Archibald's coalition won 17 seats, Schultz's party only 5. There were also two Independent MLAs: Thomas Bunn (who seems to have tacitly supported Archibald) and George Klyne (who does not appear to have played a major role in parliament). Edward Hay subsequently became Leader of the Opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024984-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Manitoba general election\nFormal party politics had not yet arrived in Manitoba, although some candidates were associated with the Liberal and Conservative parties at the national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024984-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 Manitoba general election, Riding results\n[ Note:  Louis Riel had been requested to run here; he declined.]", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024984-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 Manitoba general election, Riding results\nOn March 30, 1871, John Taylor's victory in Headingly was overturned and James Cunningham was declared elected. One of Taylor's votes had been cast too late; the tie-breaking vote was also disqualified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024984-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 Manitoba general election, Riding results\nWinnipeg and St. John (res. Donald Alexander Smith, January 1874), April 1874:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024984-0006-0000", "contents": "1870 Manitoba general election, Riding results\nThe government was dominated by the Lieutenant Governors (Archibald and his successor, Alexander Morris) until July 1874, when Joseph Dubuc's francophone bloc joined forces with the Opposition members to bring down the government. Marc-Amable Girard then served as Premier from July to November 1874, at which time he was replaced by Robert A. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024985-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1870 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024985-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nGovernor William Clafin was re-elected to a third consecutive one-year term, defeating Democrat John Quincy Adams II and abolitionist attorney Wendell Phillips, running on the Labor Reform ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024985-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nIn the concurrent but separate election for Lieutenant Governor, Republican Joseph Tucker was also re-elected to a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024986-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 91st Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1870 during the governorship of Republican William Claflin. Horace H. Coolidge served as president of the Senate and Harvey Jewell served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024987-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Mayo by-election\nThe Mayo by-election of 1870 was fought on 12 May 1870. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP George Henry Moore. It was won by the unopposed Liberal candidate George Ekins Browne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024988-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Melbourne Cup\nThe 1870 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Thursday, 10 November 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024988-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Melbourne Cup\nThis year was the tenth running of the Melbourne Cup. The entire carnival was pushed back to a week due to a waterlogged track. This race has become a big part of Melbourne Cup folklore. Ballarat publican Walter Craig bought Nimblefoot from Melbourne bookmaker Joe Thompson. Serval months before the 1870 race Craig dreams of a horse in his colours winning the race but with its jockey wearing a black arm band. Craig told friends about this and was sure that Nimblefoot would win, but he would not live to see the 12/1 shot's tense battle with Lapdog.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024988-0001-0001", "contents": "1870 Melbourne Cup\nCraig died on the morning of 17 August from gout and pneumonia. Craig's dream was recounted in The Age newspaper the day before the cup. At about 4 O'clock Ms. Craig with tears in her eyes reveals to Ballarat that Nimblefoot had won with its jockey wearing a black arm band. The winning time of 3:37.0 was at the time the fastest winning time in the race's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024988-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Melbourne Cup\nThis is the list of placegetters for the 1870 Melbourne Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024989-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1870 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 1, 1870. Incumbent Republican Henry P. Baldwin defeated Democratic nominee Charles C. Comstock with 53.71% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024990-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Mid Surrey by-election\nThe Mid Surrey by-election of 1870 was fought on 17 October 1870. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP William Brodrick. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate Richard Baggallay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024991-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Missouri State Colored People's Educational Convention\nThe Missouri State Colored People's Educational Convention was held in Jefferson City from January 19 to 22 in the city's resident Baptist church. This convention was brought on by the work of Colonel F. A. Seely and J. Milton Turner, as they had both researched the conditions of public schools for black children in Missouri during the preceding two years. The President of this convention; J. Milton Turner, established the convention out of the sheer lack of public schools and normal schools for blacks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024991-0000-0001", "contents": "1870 Missouri State Colored People's Educational Convention\nThey additionally met to address the deliberate lack of support from local school boards for black public and normal schools. Over the course of the convention, committees were called upon to present the convention's case for equal education to the people of color of Missouri and to state officials. The majority of their points touched on how state funds for schools were used. In the final days, the convention proposed a bill that would be recommended to the Missouri legislature; this bill outlined the need and plan for a state normal school to train teachers of color.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024991-0000-0002", "contents": "1870 Missouri State Colored People's Educational Convention\nThis bill guaranteed funds for the school and required the trustees of the school to certify that suitable grounds and resources would be provided for the school under the supervision of the state board of education. The women who had catered the meetings and a women's choir who had performed after a prayer were thanked for their part in the convention. These acts were the only kind of political participation these women could engage in, as women were not allowed to vote or participate in the convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024991-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Missouri State Colored People's Educational Convention, Systemic corruption in Missouri schools\nFrom 1868 to 1869, Colonel F. A. Seely and J. Milton Turner were asked by the American Missionary Association (AMA), an organization that had played an important role in improving the education for blacks in the US after the Civil War, to investigate the conditions of schools all over the state. The AMA partnered with the Missouri field office of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, who had been the employers of both F. A. Seely and J. Milton Turner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 100], "content_span": [101, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024991-0001-0001", "contents": "1870 Missouri State Colored People's Educational Convention, Systemic corruption in Missouri schools\nFrom their investigation, they found that the lack of schools for black children in many towns was attributed to the often inaccurate count of black children. The state law mandated that a town needed to have 15 children to start a school, and in several towns, the school board would report an inaccurate number. In other cases, school board members would take funds allocated for black schools. There were also cases of black schools being held in churches. In addition to the lack of normal schools for black teachers, some school boards also refused to hire black teachers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 100], "content_span": [101, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024991-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Missouri State Colored People's Educational Convention, Schools and the state\nDuring this convention, a larger argument took place in the Missouri legislature about the role of the state in education. Missouri State Senator Spaunhorst and other lawmakers argued that education was the responsibility of parents alone and that the responsibility of the state was only to fund that education. This argument came about after the Missouri State House was faced with a bill proposing that the state would be tasked with deciding a curriculum for every Missouri school to follow. This bill would decide how involved the state would be in the establishment of schools and the development of students.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 82], "content_span": [83, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024991-0002-0001", "contents": "1870 Missouri State Colored People's Educational Convention, Schools and the state\nNot only would this bill begin to provide black and white students with a similar education, it would also allow for federal legislation to be passed regarding all U.S. schools. Over time, however, this bill would come in direct conflict with the Plessy v Ferguson decision in 1896 that would further distance the quality of education between black and white students.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 82], "content_span": [83, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024992-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Missouri gubernatorial election\nThe 1870 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1870 and resulted in a victory for the Liberal Republican nominee, former Senator Benjamin Gratz Brown, over incumbent Republican Governor Joseph W. McClurg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024993-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Mitchell colonial by-election\nThe Mitchell colonial by-election, 1870 was a by-election held on 8 February 1870 in the electoral district of Mitchell for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024993-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Mitchell colonial by-election, History\nOn 3 December 1869, Edward Lamb, member for Mitchell, resigned. Archibald Buchanan won the resulting by-election on 8 February 1870; however, it emerged he had not nominated as a candidate and had been elected against his own wishes, and he resigned two days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024994-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Monara colonial by-election\nA by-election was held in the New South Wales colonial electoral district of Monara, also called Monaro, on 17 November 1870. The by-election was triggered by the death of Daniel Egan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024995-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Mongonui by-election\nThe 1870 Mongonui by-election was a by-election held on 30 March 1870 in the Mongonui electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024995-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Mongonui by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Thomas Ball on 1 March 1870. The by-election was won by Thomas Gillies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024996-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 New Brunswick general election\nThe 1870 New Brunswick general election was held in June and July 1870, to elect 41 members to the 22nd New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The election was held before the adoption of party labels, and was the first since New Brunswick joined the Canadian Confederation in 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024996-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 New Brunswick general election\nThe government, a loose coalition of Conservatives and Liberals, was led into the election by George Edwin King weeks after he had been appointed premier following the resignation of Andrew Rainsford Wetmore. King's government was re-elected, but he would resign three days into the legislative session, and a new coalition government was formed by George Luther Hatheway(an Opposition MLA) which included King as Attorney-General.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024996-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 New Brunswick general election\nOf forty-one MLAs, twenty-four supported the government, sixteen formed the opposition, and one was neutral.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024997-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 New York special judicial election\nA special judicial election was held on May 17, 1870, to fill the seats on the re-organized New York Court of Appeals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024997-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 New York special judicial election, Background\nAn Amendment to the New York Constitution, adopted in November 1869, re-organized the Court of Appeals. The first judges were to be elected at a special statewide election to take office on July 4, 1870. The new Court had a Chief Judge, elected as such, and six associate judges. Each ticket could have only four candidates for associate judge so that at least two judges were elected by the minority party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024997-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 New York special judicial election, Background\nIn April 1870, a new city charter for New York City was enacted by the New York State Legislature under instructions from William M. Tweed. The first municipal election under the new charter was scheduled for the same day, with the intention to swamp the strong upstate Republican vote with a heavy Democratic/Tammany vote in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024997-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 New York special judicial election, Results\nBoss Tweed's plan worked, and all five Democratic candidates were elected, leaving only two judgeships to the Republican minority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024997-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 New York special judicial election, Results\nOf the seven original judges elected in 1870, only two completed the 14-year term. Four died (Peckham in 1873, Grover in 1875, Allen in 1878, and Church in 1880) and Folger was first appointed, and then elected, Chief Judge, but resigned in 1881. Andrews was then appointed Chief Judge, but lost the election in 1882, and continued on the bench as an associate judge. Rapallo and Andrews were re-elected in 1884. Rapallo died during his second term in 1887. Andrews was elected Chief Judge in 1892, and retired at the end of 1897 after almost 28 years, the longest tenure of any judge on the New York Court of Appeals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024998-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 New York state election\nThe 1870 New York state election was held on November 8, 1870, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the New York State Comptroller, two Canal Commissioners and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024998-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on September 7 at Saratoga, New York. Due to the factional struggle between the followers of Roscoe Conkling and Reuben E. Fenton, the Temporary Chairman was not proposed and adopted by acclamation, as traditionally done, but was elected. George William Curtis, the Conkling man, was chosen by the delegates (vote: Curtis 220, Van Wyck 150). Thereupon, Conkling proposed Charles H. Van Wyck, the Fenton man, as President, which was adopted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024998-0001-0001", "contents": "1870 New York state election, History\nStewart L. Woodford was nominated for Governor on the second ballot (informal vote: Woodford 153, Horace Greeley 143, George William Curtis 104\u00bd; first ballot: Woodford 170\u00bd, Greeley 139, Curtis 87\u00bd; second ballot: Woodford 258, Greeley 105\u00bd, Curtis 20). DeWitt Clinton Littlejohn was nominated for Lieutenant Governor on the first ballot (vote: Littlejohn 196, Sigismund Kaufman 182). Abiah W. Palmer was nominated for Comptroller by acclamation. On September 8, Absalom Nelson, of Erie County, was nominated for Canal Commissioner (full term) by acclamation. Alexander Barkley was nominated for Canal Commissioner (short term) on the first ballot (vote: Barkley: 302, Alonzo N. Welch 82). Littlejohn declined to run and suggested the choice of Kaufman, who was then nominated. John Parkhurst, the Warden of Clinton State Prison, was nominated for Prison Inspector by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 919]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024998-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 New York state election, Result\nThe whole Democratic ticket, made up of the six incumbent officers, was re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024998-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 New York state election, Result\n65 Democrats and 63 Republicans were elected for the session of 1871 to the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00024999-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Newport (Isle of Wight) by-election\nThe Newport (Isle of Wight) by-election of 1870 was fought on 23 November 1870. The byelection was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Charles Wykeham Martin. It was won by the Liberal candidate Charles Cavendish Clifford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025000-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 North Carolina's 4th congressional district special election\nA special election to the United States House of Representatives for North Carolina's 4th congressional district was held August 4, 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [65, 65], "content_span": [66, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025000-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 North Carolina's 4th congressional district special election\nThe winning candidate would serve in the United States House of Representatives to represent North Carolina in the 41st Congress until the General election on November 26, 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [65, 65], "content_span": [66, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025000-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 North Carolina's 4th congressional district special election, Background\nIncumbent U.S. Representative John T. Deweese resigned his seat on February 28, 1870 before he was censured by the House of Representatives on March 1, 1870, for selling an appointment to the Naval Academy. A special election was held to replace his seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 77], "content_span": [78, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025000-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 North Carolina's 4th congressional district special election, Aftermath\nRepresentative-elect Robert B. Gilliam, died before taking office, necessitating the November 26 special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 76], "content_span": [77, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025001-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Norwegian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Norway in 1870. As political parties were not officially established until 1884, all those elected were independents. Voter turnout was 45.1%, although only 4.7% of the country's population was eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025002-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Norwich by-election\nThe Norwich by-election of 1870 was fought on 13 July 1870. The by-election was fought due to the Void election of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Sir Henry Stracey. It was won by the Liberal candidate Jacob Henry Tillett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025003-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Nottingham by-election\nThe Nottingham by-election of 1870 was fought on 24 February 1870. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Charles Ichabod Wright. It was won by the Liberal candidate Auberon Herbert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025004-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Omata by-election\nThe 1870 Omata by-election was a by-election held on 27 April in the Omata electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025004-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Omata by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Charles Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025005-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Open Championship\nThe 1870 Open Championship was a golf competition held at Prestwick Golf Club, Ayrshire, Scotland. It was the 11th Open Championship and the last to be contested for the Challenge Belt. Tom Morris, Jr. won the championship by 12 shots from Bob Kirk and Davie Strath. By winning for a third successive time Tom Morris, Jr. gained permanent possession of the Challenge Belt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025005-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Open Championship\nThe contest took place the day after the autumn meeting of the club. A published notice for the benefit of prospective entrants to the tournament read, \"On Thurs the 15th Sept. the Champion Belt, given by the Prestwick Golf Club, and open to all Members of Established Golf Clubs and Professionals, will be competed for\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025005-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Open Championship\nTommy Morris's first round of 47 (3-5-3-5-6-3-3-3-4-3-4-5) was two shots better than his previous record round in 1868. This gave him a five shot lead over Bob Kirk. After a second round 51 he held a five shot lead over Davie Strath. A final 51 extended his lead to 12 shots. His final score of 149 was 5 shots better than the previous record set in 1868. There were 20 starters but only 17 returned scores.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025005-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 Open Championship\nMorris returned to St Andrews by train, late on Saturday evening. A \"great multitude\" were there to meet him and he was carried, shoulder high, to Mr. Leslie's Golf Hotel, where his health was drunk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025005-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 Open Championship, Final leaderboard, Playoff\nKirk beat Strath in a 12-hole playoff, Kirk winning by 56 to 60 and taking the \u00a34 second prize while Strath took the third prize of \u00a32. This was the first time that there had been a tie for prize money since it was introduced in 1863.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 50], "content_span": [51, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025006-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Oregon gubernatorial election\nThe 1870 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on June 6, 1870 to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. The election matched Republican Joel Palmer against Democrat La Fayette Grover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025007-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Parnell by-election\nThe 1870 Parnell by-election was a by-election held on 12 May 1870 in the Parnell electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025007-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Parnell by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Charles Heaphy on 13 April 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025007-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Parnell by-election\nThe by-election was won by Reader Wood, who had held the seat from 1861 to 1865. As no other candidates were nominated, he was declared duly elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025008-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Plymouth by-election\nThe Plymouth by-election of 1870 was held on 15 August 1870. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, Sir Robert Porrett Collier, becoming Recorder of Bristol. It was retained unopposed by Collier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025009-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1870 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1870 college football season. The team finished with a 1\u20130 record and was retroactively named the national champion by the Billingsley Report, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis. The Tigers played Rutgers one time and won 6\u20132. Alexander Van Rensselaer was the team's captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025009-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Princeton Tigers football team\nIn 1871, Princeton College only played games versus Princeton Theological Seminary and there are no records of those games. No intercollegiate football games occurred that year. Princeton and Rutgers played again in 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025010-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Queen's County by-election\nThe Queen's County by-election of 1870 was fought on 4 January 1870. The by-election was fought due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Liberal MP John Wilson FitzPatrick. It was won by the unopposed Liberal candidate Edmund Dease.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025011-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Queensland colonial election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Queensland between 27 July 1870 and 15 September 1870 to elect the members of the state's Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025011-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Queensland colonial election, Key dates\nDue to problems of distance and communications, it was not possible to hold the elections on a single day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025012-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Riverton by-election\nThe 1870 Riverton by-election was a by-election held on 18 March 1870 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Southland electorate of Riverton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025012-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Riverton by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Donald Hankinson on 2 April 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025012-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Riverton by-election\nThe by-election was won by Lauchlan McGillivray, he was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025013-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Rockhampton colonial by-election\nThe Rockhampton colonial by-election, 1870 was a by-election held on 20 June 1870 in the electoral district of Rockhampton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025013-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Rockhampton colonial by-election, History\nOn 7 June 1870, Henry Milford, member for Rockhampton since the by-election in December 1870, resigned, having never taken his seat in Parliament. Milford contested the resulting by-election on 20 June 1870, but was defeated by Alexander Fyfe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025014-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Roxburghshire by-election\nThe Roxburghshire by-election of 1870 was fought on 2 March 1870. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Sir William Scott. It was won by the unopposed Liberal candidate Marquess of Bowmont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025015-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1870 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1870 college football season. They finished with a 1\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025016-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Shrewsbury by-election\nThe Shrewsbury by-election of 1870 was fought on 21 September 1870. The by-election was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, William James Clement. It was won by the Conservative candidate Douglas Straight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025017-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 South Australian colonial election\nColonial elections were held in South Australia from 28 March to 21 April 1870. All 36 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025017-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 South Australian colonial election\nSince the inaugural 1857 election, no parties or solid groupings had been formed, which resulted in frequent changes of the Premier. If for any reason the incumbent Premier of South Australia lost sufficient support through a successful motion of no confidence at any time on the floor of the house, he would tender his resignation to the Governor of South Australia, which would result in interested members declaring their intent to run for the vacant position. A parliamentary ballot would then take place, resulting in the member with the most votes being sworn in by the Governor as the next Premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025017-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 South Australian colonial election\nInformal groupings began and increased government stability occurred from the 1887 election. The United Labor Party would be formed in 1891, while the National Defence League would be formed later in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025018-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1870 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on October 10, 1870 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Governor Robert Kingston Scott easily won reelection based entirely on the strength of the black vote in the state. The election was significant because it proved to the white conservatives of the state that political harmony between the white and black races was impossible and only through a straightout Democratic attempt would they be able to regain control of state government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025018-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Union Reform Convention\nThe Radical Republican reforms and alleged corrupt schemes initiated by Governor Scott after he assumed office in 1868 infuriated the white population of the state. However, the Democratic Party of the state was so thoroughly defeated in the previous gubernatorial election that white conservatives realized the only way to seriously contest the election of 1870 was through the formation of a new political party. They organized a conference in Columbia on March 16 to formulate policies for the upcoming campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025018-0001-0001", "contents": "1870 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Union Reform Convention\nFrom the results of the previous election, white conservatives concluded that running a white supremacist campaign in a state where African-Americans were in the majority was futile and ineffective. The conference adopted two policies that would recognize African-American equality and ensure their protection under the law. The other resolution adopted was a campaign to wage against alleged radicalism in favor of a perception for a good and honest government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025018-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Union Reform Convention\nA nominating convention was held in Columbia on June 15 to select nominees for the state offices of Governor and Lieutenant Governor. In addition, a committee was formed at the convention to finalize the platform that the party would run on in the fall campaign. The chairman of the committee, Matthew Butler, submitted a paper with positions that would enforce the Fifteenth Amendment, uphold the existing laws enacted by the Radical Republicans, and to restore their perception of honesty and accountability in the state government. Furthermore, it was recommended that the new political party be called the Union Reform Party of South Carolina. Richard B. Carpenter, called a carpetbagger judge by some was from Charleston and considered of questionable reputation, won the nomination for Governor although he had never sought the position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 911]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025018-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican Convention\nThe state Republicans renominated Governor Scott unanimously for a second two-year term at their state convention in Columbia on July 26 and July 27. Policies adopted on their platform included the continuation of support for civil rights and to request Congress to sell public lands in the South to the landless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025018-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign\nRepublican support was primarily from recently freed slaves. Reports vary as to alleged black militias drilling into the streets with bayonets fixed, threatening anyone who cast a vote against the Republicans. In addition, leaders of the Union League were influential to many African-American Republicans. As a result, violence erupted within the local communities. Additionally, former Governor Orr advocated for white voters to support the Republican ticket because only through the Republican party would reform be achieved and many of their policies were favorable to the white people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025018-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign\nEven though most African-Americans faced grave threats if they opted to support the Union Reform ticket, many sincerely refused to even consider a candidate other than a Republican. One African-American told  white conservatives that \"before the war you wouldn't let me join your party and now I don't choose to.\" It was virtually impossible for whites to convince African-American voters to vote for their candidates because Republican leaders repeatedly pointed out that whites only recognized black suffrage at the point of a bayonet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025018-0006-0000", "contents": "1870 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign\nNot only did the Union Reform party have a difficult task at attracting African-American voters, it also faced a disillusioned white electorate. The more extreme base of white voters simply were not willing to vote for any political party that allowed for African-Americans to participate as equals to the whites. Wade Hampton returned from his affairs in Mississippi to rally support for the Union Reform cause, but he encountered lukewarm support at best. It was estimated that less than half of the white voters in the state bothered to cast a ballot in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025018-0007-0000", "contents": "1870 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Election results\nThe general election was held on October 10, 1870 and Robert Kingston Scott was reelected as governor of South Carolina. Turnout for the election was high as Radical Republicans sought to discourage any future attempts of an organized opposition by show of force at the polls. The devastating defeat suffered by the Union Reform Party led to its demise and it never again functioned as a political party. Moreover, white men who had participated in the Union Reform effort felt they had disrespected their honor associating with African-Americans as their political equal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025019-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Southwark by-election\nThe Southwark by-election of 1870 was fought on 17 February 1870. The by-election was fought due to the resignation (Ambassador to Spain) of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Austen Henry Layard. It was won by the Conservative candidate Marcus Beresford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025020-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Hastings on 4 July 1870 as a result of the Legislative Assembly declaring the election of Horace Dean was void. Dean had been appointed the postmaster at Tinonee at the time of the nominations for the 1869 election and resigned the following day. The Committee of Elections and Qualifications held that because he had an office of profit under the crown at the time of his nomination meant he was incapable of being elected, or of sitting, or voting, as a member of the Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025020-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial by-election, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nThe petition lodged by Smith raised two substantive allegations, that (1) Dean was an alien, being someone who was neither a natural born subject nor a naturalized subject and (2) at the time of his nomination and election Dean was the postmaster at Tinonee, an office of profit under the Crown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025020-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial by-election, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nThe Electoral Act of 1858 distinguished between a natural born subject, a \"person born in Her Majesty's dominions or either of whose parents was so born\", and a naturalised subject, a \"person who in England is or shall be naturalized and every person made a denizen or having received a certificate\" under the Aliens Act 1847 (NSW) and taken the required oath. The qualification to be a member was in section 8 which provided that:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025020-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial by-election, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\n8. Every male subject of Her Majesty of the full age of twenty-one years and absolutely free being natural born or who being a naturalized subject shall have resided in this Colony for five years shall be qualified to be elected a Member of the Assembly for any Electoral District unless disqualified by section seventeen or eighteen of the Constitution Act or unless under section eleven or twelve of this Act he would be disqualified or incapacitated as an Elector.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025020-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial by-election, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nThe relevant disqualifying clause was section eighteen of the Constitution Act which provided:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025020-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial by-election, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nXVIII.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025020-0005-0001", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial by-election, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nAny person holding any Office of Profit under the Crown, or having a Pension from the Crown during Pleasure or for Term of Years, shall be incapable of being elected, or of sitting or voting as a Member of the Legislative Assembly, unless he be One of the following official Members of the Government, that is to say, the Colonial Secretary, Colonial Treasurer, Auditor General, Attorney General, and Solicitor General, or One of such additional Officers, not being more than Five, as the Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council, may from Time to Time, by a notice in the Government Gazette, declare capable of being elected a Member of the said Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 748]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025020-0006-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial by-election, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nThe committee consisted of Stephen Brown, Alexander DoddsAlexander Dodds, Thomas Garrett, John Lackey, William Macleay, William Piddington and William Windeyer. Dean had been born in the United States of America and his naturalisation in South Australia had previously been held to be invalid as based on forged documents. There did not appear to be any doubt that being a postmaster was an office of profit under the Crown and that Dean had resigned after the nomination. The question was therefore whether the disqualification applied at the time of nomination or only at the time of the polling. The final issue was whether the seat should be awarded to Smith, who finished 2nd of the 6 candidates, or if the seat should be declared vacant and a by-election held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 848]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025020-0007-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial by-election, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nIn the committee Windeyer moved that the election of Dean was void because he was an alien and the seat should be awarded to Smith, however this was defeated by 4 votes to 3. The report does not identify whether they disagreed that Dean was an alien or whether the seat should be awarded to Smith without a by-election. The committee then resolved, by 6 to 1, that the seat be declared vacant because Dean held an office of profit under the crown at the time of his nomination. The issue of whether Dean was an alien arose again as the central issue in the subsequent re-count.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025020-0008-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial by-election, Result\nDean's margin over Smith increased from 30 votes at the 1869 election to 512 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 46], "content_span": [47, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025021-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial election re-count\nIn October 1870 the Committee of Elections and Qualifications conducted a re-count of the 1870 The Hastings by-election, in which Horace Dean had been declared elected over Robert Smith. The Committee declared that Horace Dean was not qualified to be a member and that Robert Smith had been elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025021-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial election re-count, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nThe 1870 by-election had been held because the Committee had previously set aside Dean's election at the 1869 election because Dean held an office of profit under the crown at the time of his nomination, being the postmaster at Tinonee. The Committee declined to hold that Dean ineligible to sit as an alien. Smith had based his re-election nomination on the basis that Dean was ineligible to be elected as he had not been a resident for 5 years after naturalisation, relying upon legal opinions given by Sir James Martin, Sir William Manning and Joseph Innes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 87], "content_span": [88, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025021-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial election re-count, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nThe Electoral Act of 1858 distinguished between a natural born subject, a \"person born in Her Majesty's dominions or either of whose parents was so born\", and a naturalised subject, a \"person who in England is or shall be naturalized and every person made a denizen or having received a certificate\" under the Aliens Act 1847 (NSW) and taken the required oath. The qualification to be a member was in section 8 which provided that:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 87], "content_span": [88, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025021-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial election re-count, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\n8. Every male subject of Her Majesty of the full age of twenty-one years and absolutely free being natural born or who being a naturalized subject shall have resided in this Colony for five years shall be qualified to be elected a Member of the Assembly for any Electoral District unless disqualified by section seventeen or eighteen of the Constitution Act or unless under section eleven or twelve of this Act he would be disqualified or incapacitated as an Elector. emphasis added", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 87], "content_span": [88, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025021-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial election re-count, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nDean had been a resident of the colony at Tinonee for more than 10 years and by the time the writ was issued for the by-election Dean had received a certificate that he was naturalised. The petition lodged by Smith raised one substantive allegation, that Dean was a naturalized subject who had not resided in the Colony for five years after naturalization. The issue to be decided by the petition was whether the requirement for residence for five years was independent of naturalisation as Dean contended, or five years after naturalisation as Smith contended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 87], "content_span": [88, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025021-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial election re-count, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nThe Committee agreed with Smith's construction of the Electoral Act that the 5 year residence requirement applied after naturalisation and declared that Horace Dean was not qualified to be a member and that as a consequence Robert Smith had been elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 87], "content_span": [88, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025021-0006-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial election re-count, Aftermath\nIn the Legislative Assembly Charles Cowper, the Premier and Colonial Secretary disagreed with the finding of the Committee that Mr Dean was not qualified and sought to have the Assembly declare that the seat for the Hastings was vacant with a fresh by-election to be called. The vote however was lost by 27 to 23.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025021-0007-0000", "contents": "1870 The Hastings colonial election re-count, Aftermath\nDespite the animosity apparent in the election, Smith was returned as the member for the Hastings until 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025022-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Tipperary by-election\nThe Tipperary by-election of 1870 was fought on 28 February 1870. The by-election was fought due to the disqualification (convicted felon) of the incumbent Independent Nationalist MP, Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa. It was won by the Liberal candidate Denis Caulfield Heron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025023-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 United States House of Representatives election in Florida\nThe election to the United States House of Representatives in Florida was held on November 8, 1870 for the 42nd Congress, the last election in which Florida had a single Representative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [63, 63], "content_span": [64, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025023-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 United States House of Representatives election in Florida, Background\nFlorida had been readmitted to the Union following Reconstruction in 1868, with representation starting July 1, 1868", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [65, 75], "content_span": [76, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025023-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 United States House of Representatives election in Florida, Election results\nIncumbent Charles M. Hamilton (R), elected in 1868, did not run for re-election in 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [65, 81], "content_span": [82, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025023-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 United States House of Representatives election in Florida, Contested election\nWalls' election was contested, and on January 29, 1873, Niblack was declared the winner of the 1870 election 13,397 - 13,260.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [65, 83], "content_span": [84, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025024-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1870 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 1, 1870 to select six Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. The fifth and sixth seats were decided by an at-large election, but the House of Representatives refused to seat the two winners. The two incumbents who ran were re-elected and the two open seats were retained by the Republicans. The composition of the state delegation thus remained solely Republican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025024-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district special election\nThe seat for the 1st congressional district became vacant following the resignation of Republican Benjamin F. Whittemore in February 1870. A special election was called to be held simultaneously with the regular election and Republican Joseph Rainey defeated Democrat C.W. Dudley to serve the remainder of the term for the 41st Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 116], "content_span": [117, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025024-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nRepublican Joseph Rainey defeated Democrat C.W. Dudley in the regular election for the 1st congressional district to win the term for the 42nd Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025024-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Christopher C. Bowen of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1868, was defeated by black Republican Robert C. De Large in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025024-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Solomon L. Hoge of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1869, declined to run for re-election. Robert B. Elliott was nominated by the Republicans and defeated Union Reform challenger John E. Bacon in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025024-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Alexander S. Wallace of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1870, defeated Democratic challenger Isaac G. McKissick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025024-0006-0000", "contents": "1870 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, At-large district\nThe state believed that it was entitled to two additional seats in the House of Representatives and elected these members from an At-large congressional district. The voters voted for two candidates and the top two vote getters would be sent to Washington, but there were only two candidates running in the at-large election. White Republican J.P.M. Epping and black Republican Lucius Wimbush won the election, but the House of Representatives refused to seat them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 90], "content_span": [91, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census\nThe United States census of 1870 was the ninth United States census. It was conducted by the Census Bureau from June 1, 1870 to August 23, 1871. The 1870 census was the first census to provide detailed information on the African-American population, only five years after the culmination of the Civil War when slaves were granted freedom. The total population was 38,925,598 with a resident population of 38,558,371 individuals, a 22.6% increase from 1860. The 1870 census' population estimate was controversial, as many believed it underestimated the true population numbers, especially in New York and Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census\nThis was the first census in which all 100 largest cities recorded populations of over 10,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census\nThis was the last federal census conducted using the US Marshal Service as enumerators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census, Census Act of 1850\nThe Census Act of 1850 established the primary machinery of the ninth census. The Census Bureau, working within the Department of the Interior, oversaw the recording and tabulation of results gathered by assistant marshals, who were hired and supervised by Federal marshals. Two new structural changes during the 1870 census occurred: marshals had to return the completed population questionnaire to the Census Office in September and penalties for refusing to reply to enumerator questions were extended to encompass every question on the questionnaires.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census, Census organization\nThe commonly past-used slave questionnaires were redesigned to reflect the American society after the Civil War. The five schedules for the 1870 census were the following: General Population, Mortality, Agriculture, Products of Industry, and Social Statistics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census, Census organization\nThe general population saw a 22.6% increase to 38,555,983 individuals in 1870. Charges of an undercount, however, were brought against Francis Amasa Walker, the Superintendent of the 1870 census.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0006-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census, Census organization\nMortality rates in 1870, in general, decreased as a fraction of the total population by <0.1% from 1860 and by 0.1% from 1850. The lower death rates indicate that the standard of living increased, due to some exogenous factor, over the period of twenty years from 1850 to 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0007-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census, Census organization\nIn terms of products of industry, total U.S. wealth increased by 17.3% from 1860 to 1870, to reach an assessed wealth of $14,178,986,732. The four largest state contributors to this wealth were New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, in that order. Most of the wealth was concentrated in the developed Northeast region, as newer territories like Wyoming were beginning to develop their young economies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0008-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census, Census organization\nThe 1870 census was the first of its kind to record the nativity of the American population. This social statistic helped determine which areas were more highly composed of immigrants than native-born Americans. New York City had the most foreign-born individuals, with 419,094 foreigners, who comprised 44.5% of the city's total population. Philadelphia, Chicago, St. Louis, and San Francisco also had a great population of foreigners that made up a significant fraction of their total populations. Therefore, a great ethnic and cultural change was witnessed from 1860 to 1870, as part of the population growth was due to immigrants moving in and a shuffling of residents across state borders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0009-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census, Census results\n*The constitutional population excludes the populations of Native Americans \"maintaining their tribal relations and living upon Government reservations\" and \"the newly acquired district of Alaska.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0010-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census, Census results\n* *When considering congressional apportionment, the total state population of the Constitutional population was used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0011-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census, Census questions\nSchedule 1 of the 1870 census collected the following information", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 43], "content_span": [44, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0012-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census, Census questions\n* *This question asked if one's right to vote is being denied due to a legal matter other than rebellion or conviction. Such circumstances included being unable to pay poll taxes, or being unable to pass a literacy test.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 43], "content_span": [44, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0013-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census, Census questions\nFull documentation for the 1870 population census, including census forms and enumerator instructions, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 43], "content_span": [44, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0014-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census, Population undercount\nAlthough Francis Walker, the Superintendent of the 1870 census, defended the quality of the census, arguing that standardized, clear, and statistical approaches and practices were carried out across all regions of the United States, the public at the time was disappointed in the national growth rate and suspected underenumeration. With especially bitter complaints coming from New York and Philadelphia claiming up to a third of the population was not counted, the President made the rare move to order a recount in those areas. While it was thought a large fraction of the population was not counted for being indoors in the wintry cold, newer estimates resulted in only a 2.5% increase in Philadelphia's population and a 2% increase in New York's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025025-0015-0000", "contents": "1870 United States census, Population undercount\nThis controversy of the 1870 undercount resurfaced in 1890, when the national growth rate between 1880 and 1890 was discovered to be much lower than it was between 1870 and 1880. Critics then asserted that the 1870 population must have been underenumerated by over 1.2 million people to account for the discrepancy between growth rates; it was presumed that the growth rate in 1880 had to be exaggerated because of the 1870 undercount. Despite the fact that modern investigations have yet to quantify the exact effect of the undercount, most modern social scientists do not believe the undercount was as severe as 1890 investigators assumed. Today most analyzers compare the 1870 undercount to the non-response rates seen in most modern census data.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 798]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025026-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 United States elections\nThe 1870 United States elections occurred in the middle of Republican President Ulysses S. Grant's first term, during the Third Party System. Members of the 42nd United States Congress were chosen in this election. The election took place during the Reconstruction Era, and many Southerners were barred from voting. It was also the first election after the passage of the 15th Amendment, which prohibits state and federal governments from denying the right to vote on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude (although disenfranchisement would continue). The Republican Party maintained a majority in both houses of Congress, although Democrats picked up several seats in both chambers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025026-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 United States elections\nIn the House, Democrats won major gains, but Republicans retained a solid majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025026-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 United States elections\nIn the Senate, Democrats won moderate gains, but Republicans retained a commanding majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025027-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1870 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 6, 1870. In keeping with the \"Mountain Rule\", incumbent Republican George W. Hendee, who had succeeded to the governorship at the death of Peter T. Washburn, did not run for election to a full term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate John W. Stewart defeated Democratic candidate Homer W. Heaton to succeed Hendee. The 1870 election marked the start of biennial gubernatorial elections in Vermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season\nThe 1870 Victorian football season was an Australian rules football competition played during the winter of 1870, consisting of matches between metropolitan football clubs in Melbourne in the colony of Victoria. The premier club was Melbourne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, Historical status\nAlthough Australian rules football had been played in some form during Melbourne winters since 1858, the 1870 season is conventionally considered the first season of senior football competition in Victorian history, or at least the first for which a premiership can be officially allocated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, Historical status\nWhile the reasons for this are somewhat arbitrary, since the competing clubs, organizational structure of football, and style of play in 1870 were not materially different from 1869, the view of 1870 as being the inaugural premiership has existed since at least 1889, when The Argus newspaper published a table of historical premiers and second and third-placed teams dating back to 1870. In the article adjoining the 1889 table, the reporter commented that the haphazard nature of scheduling, frequency of cancelled matches, and overall lesser standard of play made it difficult to assign a premiership to the seasons played in the 1860s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, Historical status\nThe VFL's official publication, the Football Record, also showed this table from its inception in 1912 until 1918. In 1919, this was replaced with a new table that showed club placings since 1897, and two supplementary tables showing cumulated placings for the periods 1897-1918 and 1870-1918. These supplementary tables remained in the Record until 1923, but were omitted from the 1924 editions of the Record, and did not reappear after that.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, Historical status\nSince June 2016, the AFL Commission has formally recognised the top level of Victorian football back to 1870 as senior, which applies to both the unaffiliated period from 1870\u20131876 and the Victorian Football Association period from 1877\u20131896. However, it maintains a distinction between the 1870\u20131896 competitions and the history of the VFL/AFL from 1897 onwards, and requires statistics and achievements from these periods to be delineated while at the same time allowing clubs to recognise these achievements in their own histories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, Historical status\nIn June 2019, a separate proposal to make the competitions from 1870-1896 of equivalent (and non-delineated) historical status to the VFL/AFL from 1897 onwards was presented to the 18 AFL club presidents. As of May 2021, the AFL Commission has not yet decided on this proposal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0006-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, 1870 season\nFive clubs participated in senior football during the 1870 season. Four of the clubs were already established as the city's principal clubs Albert-park, Carlton, Melbourne and South Yarra, and the fifth representing the Hobson's Bay Railway was playing its first season of senior football after three years of competing at a junior level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0007-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, 1870 season\nThe five clubs competed in specific matches for the Challenge Cup, and for a premiership based on all Challenge Cup and non-Challenge Cup matches during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0008-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, 1870 season, Challenge Cup\nIn 1870, the South Yarra Football Club purchased and put up a new trophy, known as the Challenge Cup (or sometimes as the South Yarra Presentation Challenge Cup, to differentiate it from previous challenge cups donated by different organisations), for competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0009-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, 1870 season, Challenge Cup\nSouth Yarra was the permanent holder of the previous Challenge Cup, having won it in 1866, and decided it would be appropriate to provide a new trophy for competition. The rules related to the presentation of the new Challenge Cup were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0010-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, 1870 season, Challenge Cup\nOther stipulations relating to Challenge Cup games were that they were required to be controlled by central umpires, rather than by the team captains, and that no player was allowed to play for more than one club in Challenge Cup games during the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0011-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, 1870 season, Challenge Cup\nAlbert-park took possession of the Cup in the first game against South Yarra, and never relinquished it. However, the fate of the Cup became controversial when Hobson's Bay Railway forfeited its 11 June match against Albert-park due to lack of players: Railway declined to play when only fourteen of its selected twenty turned up on the day of the match. Conventionally, such a game would simply be considered a no-contest; but with the Challenge Cup at stake, Albert-park took to the field and scored two goals against no opposition as a formality and claimed a walk-over victory. Such an outcome had never been seen before, one sportswriter commenting that \"in connection with football, the idea of a walkover is simply absurd and unprecedented.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 807]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0012-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, 1870 season, Challenge Cup\nHaving counted the walk-over as its second Cup win, Albert-park subsequently claimed permanent possession of the Cup with its fourth win of the year on 20 August. However, the walk-over victory was not recognised by South Yarra (as cup donors) or the other clubs, all arguing that the match was a no-contest rather than an Albert-park victory, and that another win was required to claim permanent ownership of the Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0012-0001", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, 1870 season, Challenge Cup\nAlbert-park argued that enough procedural requirements, such as the appointment of umpires and the pre-game coin toss, had been carried out for the game to be considered official, while Railway denied that these procedures had been carried out. Albert-park also argued that it was entitled to claim victory because Railway had declined the options of playing short or fielding other club officials or members who were present.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0013-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, 1870 season, Challenge Cup\nUltimately, the dispute was unresolved: there was no central body which could make a binding ruling on whether or not the walk-over counted as a victory, and neither side conceded its opponent's point. Albert-park played only one further game for the season, a draw against Melbourne, but it refused to put the Cup up for contest in that match. Albert-park was denied the chance to become the undisputed permanent holder of the Cup on 6 August, when its return match with the weak Railway club was cancelled due to inclement weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0014-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, 1870 season, Challenge Cup\nAlbert-park ultimately gave the Cup back to South Yarra at the end of the year, but maintained its position that it had won the Cup outright and was donating it in its capacity as the Cup's owner. South Yarra maintained its position that Albert-park had not won the Cup, and had forfeited its position as incumbent holder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0015-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, 1870 season, Challenge Cup\nThe following table lists the final results of all Challenge Cup games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0016-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, 1870 season, Premiership\nAlthough it had claimed the Challenge Cup and was undefeated during the season, Albert-park was not recognised as the premiers in the 1870 season: instead, Melbourne, which was also undefeated, were the premiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0017-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, 1870 season, Premiership\nWhile Melbourne had a very similar record to Albert-park, the two matches between them were drawn, with Melbourne having a better head-to-head record against third-placed Carlton: Melbourne had played four matches against Carlton for two wins and two draws, while Albert-park's three matches against Carlton were drawn (their three wins coming against the winless South Yarra).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0018-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, 1870 season, Premiership\nAlbert-park's claim to the Challenge Cup was helped in large part by the fact that it was the first team to play against South Yarra during the year. Had South Yarra played its first game against Melbourne, Melbourne would have been in a strong position to win the Challenge Cup as well as the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025028-0019-0000", "contents": "1870 Victorian football season, 1870 season, Senior results\nThe following table shows the five clubs' senior results during the year: all matches played amongst the five Challenge Cup teams, plus matches that Melbourne played against the Police and against the 18th Royal Irish Regiment. Albert-park's disputed walk-over victory against Railway is not included in the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025029-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Warrego colonial by-election\nThe Warrego colonial by-election, 1870 was a by-election held on 5 January 1870 in the electoral district of Warrego for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025029-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Warrego colonial by-election, History\nOn 23 November 1869, Arthur Hodgson, the member for Warrego, resigned. Thomas McIlwraith won the resulting by-election on 5 January 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025030-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 West Moreton colonial by-election\nThe West Moreton colonial by-election, 1870 was a by-election held on 25 June 1870 in the electoral district of West Moreton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025030-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 West Moreton colonial by-election, History\nOn 13 June 1870, Samuel Hodgson, member for West Moreton, resigned. John Ferrett won the resulting by-election on 25 June 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025031-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 West Surrey by-election\nThe West Surrey by-election of 1870 was fought on 8 September 1870. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP John Ivatt Briscoe. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate Lee Steere. It was retained by the Conservatives in the 1874 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025033-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1870 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on October 27, 1870, to elect the governor of West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025033-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nThis was the last election of a governor to a 2-year term. Starting in 1872, West Virginia would elect its governor to a 4-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025034-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Westland North by-election\nThe 1870 Westland North by-election was a by-election held on 2 July 1870 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the West Coast electorate of Westland North. Timothy Gallagher had resigned and Thomas Kynnersley was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025034-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 Westland North by-election, Cause of by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Timothy Gallagher on 13 May 1870 over urgent and private business affairs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025034-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 Westland North by-election, Potential candidates\nThe three provincial councillors from the area were immediately mooted as potential candidates plus a newly-appointed member of the provincial executive. The councillors were Eugene O'Conor of Westport (representing the Buller electorate), George Donne of Charleston (representing the Charleston electorate), and William Franklyn of the Grey (representing the Grey electorate). The executive member was Thomas Kynnersley, who had previously been goldfields warden on the West Coast and had just been appointed as warden to the Wangapeka. In the Provincial Council, there was conflict between Donne and O'Conor over the latter having received a requisition from the Charleston, the home town of Donne. Another potential candidate, Lowther Broad from Charleston, was mentioned by The Charleston Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 854]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025034-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 Westland North by-election, Potential candidates\nFranklyn had only just, on 5 May, been elected to the provincial council. When, just days later, Kynnersley returned to New Zealand, Franklyn resigned to make room for Kynnersley's appointment to the provincial executive. When it was found that the resignation was not necessary, Franklyn withdrew it. Over unrelated conduct issues, other members forced the resignation to be accepted. Franklyn received negative publicity over the affair and received a hostile reception at the provincial by-election nomination meeting. Three days prior to the provincial by-election, Franklyn withdrew, stating that he was \"heartily sick of politics\". Consequently, nothing further was heard from or about him in relation to the parliamentary by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025034-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 Westland North by-election, Potential candidates\nOn 4 June, the Grey River Argus reported that Kynnersley had resolved to stand in Westland North. On 7 June, he advertised his candidacy in The Westport Times. Donne and O'Conor were still discussed as potential candidates at that point. On 18 June, it was reported that O'Conor had received a strong requisition but he did not come forward as a candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025034-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 Westland North by-election, Writ and election arrangements\nThe government at the time, led by William Fox, was opposed to the abolition of the provincial government system. There were strong calls from gold fields areas for abolition as it was felt that insufficient money was spent in the areas where much of the taxation was collected. It could therefore be expected that the person to be returned in Westland North would not be a government supporter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025034-0005-0001", "contents": "1870 Westland North by-election, Writ and election arrangements\nIn this context, the editor of The Westport Times speculated that the government was deliberately delaying the issuing of a writ for the by-election so that by the time a new candidate had been chosen, the current session of the government would be over and the next general election would be called.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025034-0006-0000", "contents": "1870 Westland North by-election, Writ and election arrangements\nThe writ, dated 9 June, was advertised with a date of 22 June by the returning officer. The advertisement appeared in The Westport Times on 28 June. The nomination meeting was set for Saturday, 2 July, and the polling day for 9 July. Ten polling places were stipulated as such:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025034-0007-0000", "contents": "1870 Westland North by-election, Election meetings\nKynnersley, who had been in Nelson as the provincial council was in session, arrived in Greymouth on 20 June to start a speaking tour of the electorate. On 21 June, he spoke in Cobden at a poorly-attended meeting. On 27 June, Kynnersley left Greymouth on the Murray for Westport, where he arrived the following day after having encountered terrible weather and sea. On 29 June, he spoke to some 200 electors in Charleston. On 1 July, he spoke in Westport at a well-attended meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025034-0008-0000", "contents": "1870 Westland North by-election, Nomination meeting\nThe nomination meeting for the by-election was held at 12 noon on 2 July 1870 at the Westport Courthouse. Dr Joseph Giles (1832\u20131930) was the returning officer. As Kynnersley was the only person proposed for election, the Dr Giles declared him elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025034-0009-0000", "contents": "1870 Westland North by-election, Subsequent matters\nKynnersley made his way to Wellington and took his seat at parliament on 12 July. The session was prorogued on 13 September 1870, which ended the 4th New Zealand Parliament. Prior to the 1871 general election, Kynnersley announced that he would not make himself available for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025035-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 Wollombi colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Wollombi on 19 September 1870 because Joseph Eckford was insolvent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025036-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 and 1871 United States House of Representatives elections\nElections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1870 and 1871 to elect Representatives for the 42nd Congress, and were held in the middle of President Ulysses S. Grant's first term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025036-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 and 1871 United States House of Representatives elections\nWith Grant's administration rocked by a number of scandals (including a shady deal for gold speculation that led to a crash in the market and several business deals that saw high-ranking governmental officials gain kickbacks) and Reconstruction winding down, his Republican Party lost seats to the opposition Democratic Party but retained an overall majority. Also, since white-supremacist governments controlled by the Democratic Party were reestablishing themselves in some portions of the South, the Democrats were able to make huge gains in this election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025036-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 and 1871 United States House of Representatives elections, Election dates\nIn 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors. This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their congressional elections to this date as well. In 1870, there remained 12 States that held elections before Election Day, and 4 that held it after at this time:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 78], "content_span": [79, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025036-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 and 1871 United States House of Representatives elections, Florida\nNiblack subsequently successfully challenged Walls's election and was seated from Florida's at-large district on January 29, 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 71], "content_span": [72, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025036-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 and 1871 United States House of Representatives elections, Wisconsin\nWisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 8, 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 73], "content_span": [74, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025037-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 and 1871 United States Senate elections\nIn the United States Senate elections of 1870 and 1871, the Republican Party lost five seats in the United States Senate, though it still retained an overwhelming majority. In advance of these elections, the last four seceded states were readmitted to the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025037-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 and 1871 United States Senate elections\nAs these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025037-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 and 1871 United States Senate elections, Reconstruction\nThat election marked the first time that, with Mississippian Hiram Rhodes Revels, an African American was elected as a US senator and became a member of Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 60], "content_span": [61, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025037-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 and 1871 United States Senate elections, Reconstruction\nIn Georgia, Foster Blodgett was elected and presented his credentials as Senator-elect, but the Senate declared him not elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 60], "content_span": [61, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025037-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 and 1871 United States Senate elections, Reconstruction\nIn Virginia, Republican John F. Lewis and Democrat John W. Johnston were elected on January 26, 1870 to fill seats that had been vacant since 1864 and 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 60], "content_span": [61, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025037-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 and 1871 United States Senate elections, Change in Senate composition, By March 30, 1870\nAfter the readmission of Virginia, Texas, and Mississippi, and the special elections in Iowa and Maine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 93], "content_span": [94, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025037-0006-0000", "contents": "1870 and 1871 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 41st Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were seated during 1870 or in 1871 before March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 104], "content_span": [105, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025037-0007-0000", "contents": "1870 and 1871 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 42nd Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1871; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025037-0008-0000", "contents": "1870 and 1871 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 42nd Congress\nIn this election, the winner was elected in 1871 after March 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025038-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 college football season\nThe 1870 college football season is regarded as the second United States intercollegiate football season. The season involved only three teams and two known games which took place in November 1870. As in 1869, the season's two games occurred about fifteen miles apart in New Brunswick and in Princeton, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025038-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 college football season, Background\nA year after the first intercollegiate football games occurred between Rutgers College (now Rutgers University) and College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), a third team \u2013 Columbia College (now Columbia University) \u2013 joined them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025038-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 college football season, Rules\nThe rules at this time were based on the football rules published by the London Football Association in 1863. These rules were the precursor to the modern rules of football (soccer), but they included elements similar to rugby football that would be important in the evolution of American football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 35], "content_span": [36, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025038-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 college football season, Rules\nTeams scored \u201cgoals\u201d by kicking a round ball between two goal posts on a goal line. The ball was advanced by kicking it, although passes to players in front of the ball were not permitted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 35], "content_span": [36, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025038-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 college football season, Rules\nUnder the 1863 Association rules, any player could catch a ball that had been kicked or had bounced only one time but could not run with the ball. Following such a catch, that player could pass the ball to another player or have a free kick from that spot. If a ball passed the goal line without going between the posts, the team whose player touched it first was awarded a free kick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 35], "content_span": [36, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025038-0004-0001", "contents": "1870 college football season, Rules\nIf that team was the defending team, the free kick was taken from the point on the goal line closest to where the defending team touched the ball. If that team was the attacking team, it took the free kick from the spot that was 15 yards from the point on the goal line closest to where the attacking team touched the ball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 35], "content_span": [36, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025038-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 college football season, Rules\nThe Association rules left certain fundamental rules of the game unspecified. The rules did not specify the size of each team, the duration of a game or whether play would be subject to breaks. These and other matters were agreed by teams (or stipulated by the home team) prior to each game. As such, the Association rules introduced a certain uniformity to the rules of football, but much like football played in English public schools at the time, the actual rules applied varied somewhat game-to-game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 35], "content_span": [36, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025038-0006-0000", "contents": "1870 college football season, Season summary\nOn Saturday November 5,  Rutgers beat Columbia 6\u20133 on the Rutgers\u2019 campus in New Brunswick, New Jersey. A week later, on November 12, Princeton defeated Rutgers 6\u20132 on the Princeton campus in Princeton, New Jersey, in a rematch of 1869\u2019s two-game series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025038-0007-0000", "contents": "1870 college football season, Season summary\nPrinceton was the only one of the three teams that did not suffer a defeat in 1870 and is thus able to claim to have had the first undefeated season, albeit having played only one game. Although it would be several decades before the idea of a \u201cnational champion\u201d would take hold, the NCAA has recognized three poll selectors \u2013 the Billingsley Report, the National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis \u2013 that retroactively awarded Princeton the 1870 college football national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025038-0008-0000", "contents": "1870 college football season, Intramural football\nAlthough only three teams participated in intercollegiate football in 1870, football was played, as it had been for many years and with varying degrees of acceptance, at other schools in the north-eastern United States. At Vermont, the annual football game between the freshman and sophomore classes was held on 5 October. At Dartmouth, the faculty initially banned the sport in autumn 1870, but reversed course in late October. On October 29, the faculty permitted a football match to be held, for which the school furnished the balls, made the regulations and appointed an umpire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025038-0009-0000", "contents": "1870 college football season, Intramural football\nOther schools, such as Yale and Harvard, banned the game outright. On 31 October, a Yale student was arrested after a group of sophomores were caught playing football on New Haven Green. Following the arrest, a group of 200 students gathered outside the police station and one student, Arthur Wilson, was seriously injured after being clubbed over the head by a policeman (Officer Kelly). A committee of students complained to the Police Commissioners who split 2\u20132 (the Mayor abstained) on bringing charges against the officers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025040-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1870 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025041-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025041-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1870 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025041-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1870 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025042-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in Austria-Hungary\nThe following lists events that happened during 1870 in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025045-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in Canada, Historical documents\nMetis List of Rights calls for Rupert's Land and the Northwest to become the Province of Assiniboia", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025045-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 in Canada, Historical documents\nPresident Louis Riel gives his first speech to the Red River provisional government", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025045-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 in Canada, Historical documents\nDoubtful about Louis Riel, Prime Minister Macdonald begins assembling a military force", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025045-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 in Canada, Historical documents\nMP praises liberal approach in creating Manitoba in House of Commons speech", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025045-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 in Canada, Historical documents\nRed River resident objects to amnesty for Louis Riel and other leaders", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025045-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 in Canada, Historical documents\nPresident Grant calls Canada unfriendly to U.S. fishers and shippers", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025045-0006-0000", "contents": "1870 in Canada, Historical documents\nMcGill University's John William Dawson on science education abroad and its application to Canada", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025046-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1870 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025051-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in India, Events\nThe Indian Reform Association was formed on 29 October 1870 with Keshub Chunder Sen as president. It represented the secular side of the Brahmo Samaj and included many who did not belong to the Brahmo Samaj. The objective was to put into practice some of the ideas Sen was exposed to during his visit to Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025054-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in Liberia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1870 in Liberia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025055-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1870 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025055-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nVoting in New Zealand elections is changed to a secret ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025055-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 in New Zealand, Sport, Horse racing\nThere are 2 races for both the New Zealand Cup and New Zealand Derby (presumably at the beginning and end of the calendar year). (Confirmation required)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025055-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 in New Zealand, Sport, Rugby union\nCharles Monro, son of the Speaker of the House, Sir David Monro, introduces rugby to the Nelson Football club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025061-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1870 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025064-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1870 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025066-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in architecture\nThe year 1870 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025068-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in association football\nThe following are events in 1870 which are relevant to the development of association football. Included are events in closely related codes, such as the Sheffield Rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025069-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1870  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025069-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 in baseball, Professional matches\nTen of the twelve professional clubs from 1869 remained in that field for 1870, all except Keystone of Philadelphia and Irvington, New Jersey, from Greater New York. The five newcomers were Union of Morrisania, now in New York City; Tri-Mountain of Boston; Riverside of Portsmouth, Ohio, near Cincinnati; Forest City of Rockford, Illinois, near Chicago; and Chicago or the Chicago White Stockings, the only brand new club. Union was a founding member from the 1857 convention and Forest City had been one of the strongest amateurs remaining in 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025069-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 in baseball, Professional matches\nThe records of the teams in professional matches, ranked by wins (see table), reveal three groups of five with sharp outlines. A big group of thirteen and a little of group of two are equally clear, considering the numbers of defeats, pro matches, and all matches (not shown), and are supported by the subsequent history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025069-0003-0000", "contents": "1870 in baseball, Professional matches\nThe two more ambitious newcomers played only a few pro matches and never returned to the professional field. Mighty Cincinnati and venerable Union also shut down after this season. All the others joined the new professional association established that winter (NAPBBP), seven as founding members and four in 1872 or 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025069-0004-0000", "contents": "1870 in baseball, Professional matches\nThe Mutuals, Athletics, and Chicago White Stockings survived to found the National League in 1875/76.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025069-0005-0000", "contents": "1870 in baseball, Amateur clubs\nFour amateur teams defeated professionals more than once and two of them demonstrated that they were as strong as middling pros. Harvard college fielded its strongest team, which toured nationally in the summer and won 6 of 16 against professional teams all season. Star of Brooklyn, featuring Hall of Fame pitcher Candy Cummings, won 6 of 13 against pros.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025069-0006-0000", "contents": "1870 in baseball, Amateur clubs\nPastime of Baltimore won 4 of 24 including 1 of 4 with the Troy Haymakers, 1 of 2 with Olympic, and 2 of 5 with Maryland. The Pastimes lost badly to Harvard and won one of three close matches with the Stars. Resolute of Elizabeth, New Jersey won 2 of 8, both at the expense of venerable Eckford; the Resolutes remained in operation until a failed venture into the professional field in 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025069-0007-0000", "contents": "1870 in baseball, Amateur clubs\nBill Ryczek lists Lowell of Boston and the Keystone of Philadelphia (pro in 1869) among the major teams. They did not defeat any professionals but showed strength comparable to Pastime, Resolute, and the weaker pros.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025069-0008-0000", "contents": "1870 in baseball, Amateur clubs\nConsidering the professionals in three groups of five ranked by wins in pro matches (see table), the stronger pros won 37 of 41 against the six amateur teams covered here; the middling pros won 13 of 18; the weaker pros won 6 of 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025069-0009-0000", "contents": "1870 in baseball, Amateur clubs\nHere are the records of those amateurs against the pros.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025069-0010-0000", "contents": "1870 in baseball, Amateur clubs\nOne of the elite professional teams, the Athletics of Philadelphia won eight matches with Harvard, Lowell, Keystone, and Pastime, with 20 to 34 runs scored and 11- to 22-run margins. The average score was about 25 to 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025069-0011-0000", "contents": "1870 in baseball, Amateur clubs\nThree amateur clubs of 1870 would later enter the all-professional National Association for one season each: Kekionga of Fort Wayne, Indiana in 1871; Mansfield of Middletown, Connecticut in 1872; Resolute of Elizabeth, New Jersey in 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025069-0012-0000", "contents": "1870 in baseball, Amateur clubs\nHarvard continued to field strong amateur teams, but amateurs would not again hold their own with middling pros. The Stars won a championship in 1871 under the new all-amateur Association (NAABBP), before Candy Cummings joined the pros in 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025070-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in birding and ornithology\nBirds described in 1870 include Recurve-billed bushbird, Beautiful woodpecker, Philepittidae, Cantorchilus semibadius, Chinese barbet, White-naped seedeater, Belem curassow,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025071-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in cue sports\nThe year of 1870 included challenge matches in the table-top cue sports of pool disciplines and English billiards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025071-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 in cue sports, English billiards\nA number of matches took place on a challenge basis which are recognised as the equivalent of the world professional championship of billiards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 37], "content_span": [38, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025072-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025073-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025073-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 in paleontology, Pterosaurs, New taxa\nAt first it was thought to be a Triassic pterosaur, but is now known to be (at least in part) a kuehneosaurid", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 42], "content_span": [43, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025074-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025074-0001-0000", "contents": "1870 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025074-0002-0000", "contents": "1870 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025075-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025076-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in science\nThe year 1870 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025077-0000-0000", "contents": "1870 in sports\n1870 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025080-0000-0000", "contents": "1870s\nThe 1870s (pronounced \"eighteen-seventies\") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1870, and ended on December 31, 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [5, 5], "content_span": [6, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025080-0001-0000", "contents": "1870s\nThe trends of the previous decade continued into this one, as new empires, imperialism and militarism rose in Europe and Asia. The United States was recovering from the American Civil War, though the Reconstruction era introduced its own legacies of bitterness and racial segregation in the country. Germany unified as a nation in 1871 and became the German Empire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [5, 5], "content_span": [6, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025080-0001-0001", "contents": "1870s\nChanging social conditions led workforces to cooperate in the form of labor unions in order to demand better pay and working conditions, with strikes occurring worldwide in the later part of the decade and continuing until World War I. The decade was also a period of significant technological advancement; the phonograph, telephone, and electric light bulb were all invented during the 1870s, though it would take several more decades before they became household items.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [5, 5], "content_span": [6, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025081-0000-0000", "contents": "1870s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1873\u201374 season\nThe 1873\u201374 season was the first season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025081-0001-0000", "contents": "1870s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1873\u201374 season, Overview\nAs founder members of the Scottish FA, Kilmarnock were one of 16 teams to enter the first edition of the Scottish Cup in 1873. They were involved in the first ever match in the competition when they took on Renton at the neutral Hampden Park in Glasgow on 18 October 1873. Killie - who played the entire match with 10 men - were not used to playing under association rules and lost 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025081-0002-0000", "contents": "1870s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1873\u201374 season, Overview\nDuring the club's early years, the team would play in Oxford blue shirts, white shorts and Oxford blue socks. The now traditional blue and white vertical stripes weren't introduced until 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025081-0003-0000", "contents": "1870s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1874\u201375 season\nThe 1874\u201375 season was the second season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025081-0004-0000", "contents": "1870s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1874\u201375 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the second time. They bettered their previous performance in the competition after a 4\u20130 win at home to Vale of Leven Rovers in the first round. However, they then lost 3\u20130 at The Grange to Eastern in the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025081-0005-0000", "contents": "1870s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1875\u201376 season\nThe 1875\u201376 season was the third season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025081-0006-0000", "contents": "1870s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1875\u201376 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the third time. They equalled their previous best performance in the competition after an 8\u20130 win at home to Ayr Eglinton in the first round. However, they then lost 6\u20130 at Kinning Park to Clydesdale in the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025081-0007-0000", "contents": "1870s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1876\u201377 season\nThe 1876\u201377 season was the fourth season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025081-0008-0000", "contents": "1870s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1876\u201377 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the fourth time. They equalled their previous best performance in the competition after receiving a bye in the first round. However, they then lost 2\u20131 at Holm Quarry to Mauchline in the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025081-0009-0000", "contents": "1870s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1877\u201378 season\nThe 1877\u201378 season was the fifth season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025081-0010-0000", "contents": "1870s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1877\u201378 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the fifth time and competed in the inaugural Ayrshire Cup. They equalled their previous best performance in the Scottish Cup after a 5\u20131 win at home to Hurlford in the first round. However, they then lost 1\u20130 at Springvale Park to Ayr Academicals in the second round. Killie also reached the second round of the Ayrshire Cup where they lost 4\u20131 to Mauchline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025081-0011-0000", "contents": "1870s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1878\u201379 season\nThe 1878\u201379 season was the sixth season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025081-0012-0000", "contents": "1870s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1878\u201379 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the sixth time and also competed in the Ayrshire Cup. In both competitions, they were knocked out in the first round, losing 2\u20130 to Kilbirnie in the Scottish Cup and drawing 0\u20130 with Mauchline in the Ayrshire Cup. Mauchline advanced to the second round for an unknown reason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025081-0013-0000", "contents": "1870s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1879\u201380 season\nThe 1879\u201380 season was the seventh season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025081-0014-0000", "contents": "1870s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1879\u201380 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the seventh time and also competed in the Ayrshire Cup. They equalled their previous best performance in the Scottish Cup after a walkover victory against Ayr Academicals in the first round. However, they then lost 6\u20132 at Connell Park to Mauchline in the second round. Killie bettered their previous best performance in the Ayrshire Cup after they defeated Ayr Athole and Kilmarnock Arthurlie to reach the third round where they lost 1\u20130 to Kilmarnock Portland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025082-0000-0000", "contents": "1870s Pacific typhoon seasons\nThis article encompasses the 1870s Pacific typhoon seasons. While data is not available for every storm that occurred, some parts of the coastline were populated enough to give data of typhoon occurrences.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025082-0001-0000", "contents": "1870s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1870 season\nThere were 8\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1870, 6 of which were typhoons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025082-0002-0000", "contents": "1870s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1871 season\nThere were 7\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1871, 5 of which were typhoons. In March, 11\u00a0people died when a typhoon wrecked their boat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025082-0003-0000", "contents": "1870s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1872 season\nThere were 4\u00a0tropical cyclones in the Philippines in 1872, 2 of which were typhoons. In August 1872, a typhoon struck Guam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025082-0004-0000", "contents": "1870s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1873 season\nThere were 6\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1873, 4 of which were typhoons. A typhoon in October killed at least 200\u00a0people in the Philippines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025082-0005-0000", "contents": "1870s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1874 season\nThere were 8\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1874, 6 of which were typhoons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025082-0006-0000", "contents": "1870s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1874 season\nThe 1874 Hong Kong typhoon hit Hong Kong during the night of Tuesday 22 September and the morning of Wednesday 23 September 1874. It killed about 10,000\u00a0people. A typhoon struck Ailinglaplap in the Marshall Islands, killing more than 300\u00a0people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025082-0007-0000", "contents": "1870s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1875 season\nThere were 6\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1875, 4 of which were typhoons. A typhoon in December killed four people in the Philippines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025082-0008-0000", "contents": "1870s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1876 season\nThere were two typhoons in the western Pacific in 1876. One of them struck the Philippines in November, killing 150\u00a0people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025082-0009-0000", "contents": "1870s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1877 season\nThere were at least one tropical cyclone in the western Pacific in 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025082-0010-0000", "contents": "1870s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1878 season\nThere were 4\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1878, 3 of which were typhoons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025082-0011-0000", "contents": "1870s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1879 season\nThere were 9\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1879, 8 of which were typhoons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025083-0000-0000", "contents": "1870s Rangers F.C. seasons, 1874\u201375 season\nThe 1874\u201375 season was the first season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025083-0001-0000", "contents": "1870s Rangers F.C. seasons, 1874\u201375 season, Overview\nRangers entered the Scottish Cup for the first time and reached the second round where they lost to Dumbarton after a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025083-0002-0000", "contents": "1870s Rangers F.C. seasons, 1874\u201375 season, Overview\nBetween 1873 and 1879, Rangers played in their now traditional royal blue shirts and white shorts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025083-0003-0000", "contents": "1870s Rangers F.C. seasons, 1875\u201376 season\nThe 1875\u201376 season was the second season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025083-0004-0000", "contents": "1870s Rangers F.C. seasons, 1875\u201376 season, Overview\nRangers entered the Scottish Cup for the second time. They equalled their previous best in the competition by reaching the second round where they lost to 3rd Lanark RV after a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025083-0005-0000", "contents": "1870s Rangers F.C. seasons, 1876\u201377 season\nThe 1876\u201377 season was the third season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025083-0006-0000", "contents": "1870s Rangers F.C. seasons, 1876\u201377 season, Overview\nRangers entered the Scottish Cup for the third time. Wins over Queen's Park Juniors and Towerhill saw Rangers go one stage further than the previous two seasons as they reached the third round where they were given a bye to the fourth round. They then defeated Mauchline and Lennox to reach the semi-finals for the first time. With only three teams in the semi-finals, Rangers were the lucky ones to received a bye straight to the final where they would play Vale of Leven. After two 1\u20131 draws at Hamilton Crescent, Vale finally overcame their opponents 3\u20132 at the original Hampden Park thanks to an 88th-minute winner from Robert Paton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025083-0007-0000", "contents": "1870s Rangers F.C. seasons, 1877\u201378 season\nThe 1877\u201378 season was the fourth season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025083-0008-0000", "contents": "1870s Rangers F.C. seasons, 1877\u201378 season, Overview\nRangers entered the Scottish Cup for the fourth time. In the first round, they set a new club record for the biggest win after defeating Possilpark 13\u20130. Wins over Alexandra Athletic and Uddingston saw Rangers through to the fourth round where they lost to defending champions Vale of Leven after a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025083-0009-0000", "contents": "1870s Rangers F.C. seasons, 1878\u201379 season\nThe 1878\u201379 season is the 5th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025083-0010-0000", "contents": "1870s Rangers F.C. seasons, 1878\u201379 season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 7 competitive matches during the 1878\u201379 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025083-0011-0000", "contents": "1870s Rangers F.C. seasons, 1879\u201380 season\nThe 1879\u201380 season is the 6th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025083-0012-0000", "contents": "1870s Rangers F.C. seasons, 1879\u201380 season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 2 competitive matches during the 1879\u201380 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0000-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1870, International matches\nNo international matches were played during the 1870 calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0001-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1870, Club matches\nThe following are known American soccer club matches that were played in 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0002-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1871, International matches\nNo international matches were played during the 1871 calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0003-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1871, Club matches\nThe following are known American soccer club matches that were played in 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0004-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1872, International matches\nNo international matches were played during the 1871 calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0005-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1872, Club matches\nThe following are known American soccer club matches that were played in 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0006-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1873, International matches\nNo international matches were played during the 1871 calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0007-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1873, Club matches\nThe following are known American soccer club matches that were played in 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0008-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1874, International matches\nNo international matches were played during the 1871 calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0009-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1874, Club matches\nThe following are known American soccer club matches that were played in 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0010-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1875, International matches\nNo international matches were played during the 1871 calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0011-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1875, Club matches\nThe following are known American soccer club matches that were played in 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0012-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1876, International matches\nNo international matches were played during the 1871 calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0013-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1876, Club matches\nThe following are known American soccer club matches that were played in 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0014-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1877, International matches\nNo international matches were played during the 1871 calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0015-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1877, Club matches\nThe following are known American soccer club matches that were played in 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0016-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1878, International matches\nNo international matches were played during the 1871 calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0017-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1878, Club matches\nThe following are known American soccer club matches that were played in 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0018-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1879, International matches\nNo international matches were played during the 1871 calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025084-0019-0000", "contents": "1870s in American soccer, 1879, Club matches\nThe following are known American soccer club matches that were played in 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025085-0000-0000", "contents": "1870s in Swedish football\nThe 1870s in Swedish football, starting January 1870 and ending December 1879:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025086-0000-0000", "contents": "1870s in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the decade 1870\u20131879 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025086-0001-0000", "contents": "1870s in Wales, Arts and literature, Awards\nNational Eisteddfod of Wales \u2013 no National Eisteddfod officially took place during this decade. 1872 \u2013 William Thomas (Islwyn) wins a bardic chair at Rhyl. 1874 \u2013 Islwyn wins a bardic chair at Caerphilly. 1877 \u2013 Islwyn wins a bardic chair at Treherbert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0000-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion\n1870s fashion in European and European-influenced clothing is characterized by a gradual return to a narrow silhouette after the full-skirted fashions of the 1850s and 1860s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0001-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Overview\nBy 1870, fullness in the skirt had moved to the rear, where elaborately draped overskirts were held in place by tapes and supported by a bustle. This fashion required an underskirt, which was heavily trimmed with pleats, flounces, rouching, and frills. This fashion was short-lived (though the bustle would return again in the mid-1880s), and was succeeded by a tight-fitting silhouette with fullness as low as the knees: the cuirass bodice, a form-fitting, long-waisted, boned bodice that reached below the hips, and the princess sheath dress. Sleeves were very tight fitting. Square necklines were common.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0002-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Overview\nDay dresses had high necklines that were either closed, squared, or V-shaped. Sleeves of morning dresses were narrow throughout the period, with a tendency to flare slightly at the wrist early on. Women often draped overskirts to produce an apronlike effect from the front.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0003-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Overview\nEvening gowns had low necklines and very short, off-the-shoulder sleeves, and were worn with short (later mid-length) gloves. Other characteristic fashions included a velvet ribbon tied high around the neck and trailing behind for evening in a similar style to Georgian era fashion (the origin of the modern choker necklace).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0004-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Tea gowns and artistic dress\nUnder the influence of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and other artistic reformers, the \"anti-fashion\" for Artistic dress with its \"medieval\" details and uncorseted lines continued through the 1870s. Newly fashionable tea gowns, an informal fashion for entertaining at home, combined Pre-Raphaelite influences with the loose sack-back styles of the 18th century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 72], "content_span": [73, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0005-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Leisure Dress\nLeisure dress was becoming an important part of a woman's wardrobe. Seaside dress  in England had its own distinct characteristics but still followed the regular fashions of the day. Seaside dress was seen as more daring, frivolous, eccentric, and brighter. Even though the bustle was extremely cumbersome, it was still a part of seaside fashion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 57], "content_span": [58, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0006-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Undergarments\nWith the narrower silhouette, emphasis was placed on the bust, waist and hips. A corset was used to help mold the body to the desired shape. This was achieved by making the corsets longer than before, and by constructing them from separate shaped pieces of fabric. To improve support, corsets were reinforced with many strips of whalebone, cording, or pieces of leather. Steam-molding, patented in 1868, helped hold the curvaceous contour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 57], "content_span": [58, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0007-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Undergarments\nSkirts were supported by a hybrid of the bustle and crinoline or hooped petticoat sometimes called a \"crinolette\". The cage structure was attached around the waist and extended down to the ground, but only extended down the back of the wearer's legs. The crinolette itself was quickly superseded by the true bustle, which was sufficient for supporting the drapery and train at the back of the skirt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 57], "content_span": [58, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0008-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Hairstyles and headgear\nIn keeping with the vertical emphasis, hair was pulled back at the sides and worn in a high knot or cluster of ringlets, often with a fringe (bangs) over the forehead. False hair was commonly used. Bonnets were smaller to allow for the elaborately piled hairstyles and resembled hats except for their ribbons tied under the chin. Smallish hats, some with veils, were perched on top of the head, and brimmed straw hats were worn for outdoor wear in summer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0009-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Wraps and Overcoats\nThe main kind of wrap that dominated in the 1870s were capes and jackets that had a back vent in order to make room for the bustle. Some examples are the pelisse and the paletot coat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 63], "content_span": [64, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0010-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Men's fashion\nInnovations in men's fashion of the 1870s included the acceptance of patterned or figured fabrics for shirts and the general replacement of neckties tied in bow knots with the four-in-hand and later the ascot tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0011-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats and trousers\nFrock coats remained fashionable, but new shorter versions arose, distinguished from the sack coat  by a waist seam. Waistcoats  (U.S. vests) were generally cut straight across the front and had collars and lapels, but collarless waistcoats were also worn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 59], "content_span": [60, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0012-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats and trousers\nThree-piece suits consisting of a high-buttoned sack coat with matching waistcoat and trousers, called ditto suits or (UK) lounge suits, grew in popularity; the sack coat might be cutaway so that only the top button could be fastened.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 59], "content_span": [60, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0013-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats and trousers\nThe cutaway morning coat was still worn for informal day occasions in Europe and major cities elsewhere. Frock coats were required for more formal daytime dress. Formal evening dress remained a dark tail coat and trousers. The coat now fastened lower on the chest and had wider lapels. A new fashion was a dark rather than white waistcoat. Evening wear was worn with a white bow tie and a shirt with the new winged collar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 59], "content_span": [60, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0014-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats and trousers\nTopcoats had wide lapels and deep cuffs, and often featured contrasting velvet collars. Furlined full-length overcoats were luxury items in the coldest climates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 59], "content_span": [60, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0015-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats and trousers\nFull -length trousers were worn for most occasions; tweed or woollen breeches were worn for hunting and hiking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 59], "content_span": [60, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0016-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats and trousers\nIn 1873, Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis began to sell the original copper-riveted blue jeans in San Francisco. These became popular with the local multitude of gold seekers, who wanted strong clothing with durable pockets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 59], "content_span": [60, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0017-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Shirts and neckties\nThe points of high upstanding shirt collars were increasingly pressed into \"wings\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 60], "content_span": [61, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0018-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Shirts and neckties\nNecktie fashions included the four-in-hand and, toward the end of the decade, the ascot tie, a tie with wide wings and a narrow neckband, fastened with a jewel or stickpin. Ties knotted in a bow remained a conservative fashion, and a white bowtie was required with formal evening wear.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 60], "content_span": [61, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0019-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Shirts and neckties\nA narrow ribbon tie was an alternative for tropical climates, and was increasingly worn elsewhere, especially in the Americas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 60], "content_span": [61, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0020-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Accessories\nTop hats remained a requirement for upper class formal wear; bowlers and soft felt hats in a variety of shapes were worn for more casual occasions, and flat straw boaters were worn for yachting and other nautical pastimes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0021-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Necktie gallery\n1873 portraits of members of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario illustrate the variety of fashionable neckwear (and facial hair).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 56], "content_span": [57, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0022-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Children's fashion\nInfants continued to be dressed in flowing gowns, a style that continued into the early 20th century. Gender dress changes often did not occur until a child was five or six; however, in the later decades gender dress came much sooner. Girls' ages could be depicted often based on the length of their skirt. As the girls got older, they wore longer skirts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0022-0001", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Children's fashion\nA four-year-old would wear her skirt slightly above knee length; ten to twelve at mid-knee; twelve to fifteen varied from below the knee to mid-calf; and by sixteen or seventeen, a girl's dress would be just above ankle length. The age of a boy could often be decided based on the length and type of trouser or how similar the attire was to that of a man's. Boys often dressed similar to adult males, as they too wore blazers and Norfolk jackets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025087-0023-0000", "contents": "1870s in Western fashion, Children's fashion\nMuch influence on the styles of children's dress came from artist Kate Greenaway, an illustrator of children's books. She strongly influenced styles of young girls' dress, as she often showed girls dressed in empire styles in her books. The idea of children's dress being taken from books is also found is styles such as the Little Lord Fauntleroy suit which was worn by the hero of a children's book published in 1885-86.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025088-0000-0000", "contents": "1870s in film\nThe decade of the 1870s in film involved some significant events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025089-0000-0000", "contents": "1870s in music\nThe 1870s was a decade where the only way to obtain music was on sheet music sold in stores. There were several prominent kinds of music in the 1870s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025089-0001-0000", "contents": "1870s in music, U.S. and North America, Traditional Folk Music\nTraditional folk songs were some of the most popular fare of this decade. While the American Civil War was over and the conflictwas healing much of the passion from that era remained in these post-war songs. Many of the songs most remembered today from this decade are prime examples of this tradition well. Some of this decades' hits were the songs which are seen today including \"Good-bye, Liza Jane\", \"My Grandfather's Clock\" and \"Carry Me Back to Old Virginny\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 62], "content_span": [63, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025089-0001-0001", "contents": "1870s in music, U.S. and North America, Traditional Folk Music\nThese songs carried a large amount of more philosophical and emotional content than say \"Camptown Races\" which was a major hit before the war. This was likely one of the reasons that so many American folk songs from this period are remembered today. C.A. White wrote many great songs of the era such as \"Marguerite\", \"Moonlight on the Lake\", \"When 'Tis Moonlight\", and \"The Fisherman and His Child\". Songs such as \"Barney, Take Me Home Again\" and \"I'll Take You Home Again, Kathleen\" were designed to go together.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 62], "content_span": [63, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025089-0001-0002", "contents": "1870s in music, U.S. and North America, Traditional Folk Music\nFolk songs were also used in political campaigns as they long had been before the era of television. Rutherford B. Hayes used the song \"The Boys in Blue will see it Through\" as his campaign song. This was a new era of passion in music. While the mainstream saw many sorts of songs after the war there were also the kind of songs which formed part of another group. There were many songs of the folk genre in this time period. Choruses continued their evolution to be the major part of a song in this period. In songs before this, the chorus is not any more important than the verses. This is a major change which characterizes folk music from the 1870s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 62], "content_span": [63, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025089-0002-0000", "contents": "1870s in music, U.S. and North America, Political Protest Songs\nAs in later decades, the 1870s saw many songs which were designed to get the listeners to support a certain political point of view or perspective. This was the dawn of a new musical genre which has been influencing a good deal of music in the modern world as well. The big things which inspired protests in this time were prohibiting alcohol, which became a major goal of the progressive era, especially among Republicans. These included hits such as \"Sons of Temperance\" and \"Let Us Pass This Goodly Measure\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 63], "content_span": [64, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025089-0002-0001", "contents": "1870s in music, U.S. and North America, Political Protest Songs\nSome were militant and others sentimental, often dealing with the perspective of the abused child of an alcoholic. On the other side were songs like \"Now Suppose You Pass This Measure\" and songs which showed children in Poverty while their parents attended temperance meetings. These were intended to mock temperance. There were also those who supported allowing women to vote, which became a theme in certain political songs such as \"Daughters of Freedom! The Ballot be Yours\" These suffrage songs gained much publicity in the United States, though many were since lost due to copyright issues. In short, political causes became a major theme in popular music for the first time in the 1870s, with the exception of campaign songs for candidates which were already a major musical genre and remained so until the 1950s when they were largely replaced by television.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 63], "content_span": [64, 929]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025089-0003-0000", "contents": "1870s in music, U.S. and North America, Broadway\nThis was the first decade in which there was competition from numbers originally written for the stage. Before this, the closest thing to that was opera. Opera often was in foreign languages such as German, Italian, and French. The musical took form in 1866 with The Black Crook opening on Broadway. The show Out of Bondage was a big hit in this decade as it helped spread a noble image of reconstruction. This was a new genre which would come into greater prominence until it became the largest segment of the music industry in the Tin Pan Alley era. The Tin Pan Alley era had of course not begun yet and the influence of Broadway musicals on popular music at the time was no more than that of opera.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 48], "content_span": [49, 750]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025089-0004-0000", "contents": "1870s in music, U.K. and Europe, British Music Hall\nThe 1870s saw the expansion of the British Music Hall genre. Those who wrote music began more than ever to write them for live performances. It was an era of light music. The well-known composer G. H. MacDermott was known for his dedication to themes which were not appropriate at the time which led many to ban his work. This was an important period of transition in English music as it went from the focus on rotating pieces in performance to the era of the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 51], "content_span": [52, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025090-0000-0000", "contents": "1870s in sociology\nThe following events related to sociology occurred in the 1870s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025093-0000-0000", "contents": "1870\u201371 Commemorative Medal\nThe 1870\u201371 Commemorative Medal (French: M\u00e9daille Comm\u00e9morative 1870\u201371, Dutch: Herinneringsmedaille 1870\u201371) was a Belgian campaign medal established by royal decree on 20 September 1911 and awarded to all members of the Belgian Army who were mobilized during the period from 15 July 1870 to 5 March 1871 during the Franco-Prussian War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025093-0001-0000", "contents": "1870\u201371 Commemorative Medal, Award description\nThe 1870\u201371 Commemorative Medal was a 32mm in diameter circular bronze medal with raised edges on both sides. Its obverse bore the escutcheon of the Coat of arms of Belgium under a royal crown. To the left and right, along the circumference of the medal, the relief inscription \"L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE\" (\"Strength through unity\"). The reverse bore a stylised relief capital letter A, the monogram of King Albert I of Belgium over the years 1870\u201371 also inscribed in relief.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025093-0002-0000", "contents": "1870\u201371 Commemorative Medal, Award description\nThe medal was suspended by a ring through the suspension loop from a 35mm wide silk moir\u00e9 ribbon divided into seven equal 5mm wide longitudinal stripes, black, light green, red, light green, red, light green and black.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025093-0003-0000", "contents": "1870\u201371 Commemorative Medal, Notable recipients (partial list)\nThe individuals listed below were awarded the 1870\u201371 Commemorative Medal:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 62], "content_span": [63, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025094-0000-0000", "contents": "1871\n1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1871st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 871st  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 71st  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  2nd   year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1871, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025095-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 (company)\n1871 is a non-profit digital startup incubator located in the Merchandise Mart, Chicago, Illinois. The organization was founded in 2012 by J.B. Pritzker and is the flagship project of The Chicagoland Entrepreneurial Center (CEC),  a non-profit organization that supports entrepreneurs on their path to building high-growth, sustainable businesses that serve as platforms for economic development and civic leadership. Led by CEO Betsy Ziegler, 1871 has become a major hub of Chicago's technology and entrepreneurial ecosystem and hosts over 400 early-stage companies as well as nationally recognized accelerators, industry-specific incubators, and tech talent schools. 1871 was recognized in 2019 by UBI Global as the Top Private Business Incubator in the World and Most Promising Incubator for Women Founders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025095-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 (company), History\nIn the early 2000s, some of the major players in Chicago's economy were the Chicagoland Entrepreneurial Center, the Chicago Innovation Awards, Chicago Ideas Week and TechNexus. Due to emerging competition in the space, in 2012 TechNexus decided to shift their target market audience to more well-developed and established companies such as the Illinois Technology Association, Emerge, and 200 more. This allowed for 1871 to open in Chicago's ecosystem to help foster new enterprises and support corporations that were already based in Chicago. In 2020, 1871 acquired the Illinois Technology Association. In 2016, Harvard Business School published a case study on the emergence of Chicago's", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 23], "content_span": [24, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025095-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 (company), Community\n1871 offers work space to over 200 companies. Their partnerships and sponsorships with UPS, Google For Entrepreneurs and Chase give the people working there broader exposure to the greater tech space. 1871 also offers free work space to students from Trinity Christian College, DePaul University, University of Illinois, Illinois Institute of Technology or DeVry University, University of Chicago, Northwestern and Loyola. 1871 also hosts networking events and workshops.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 25], "content_span": [26, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025095-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 (company), Funding controversy\nAs a non-profit incubator, 1871 takes money from the state to bring in capital for these tech startups. Critics including CEO of Novel Coworking, Bill Bennet, believe \"we shouldn't use the state money that way,\" stating that \"it doesn't make sense to me why we should use taxpayer funds to subsidize one place.\" One of the main arguments against the funding is that there are other non-state funded avenues for statups to find affordable working spaces, like WeWork. Tullman, CEO of 1871, argued at the time that the space provides resources other coworking spaces could not, like mentoring, workshops and events for the entrepreneurial community.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025095-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 (company), Funding controversy\nThe tax statements of 1871's parent company, Chicagoland Entrepreneurial Center (CEC) are public. The Chicago Tribune estimates 27% of their 2013-14 earnings were reported on their tax statement as \"salaries, compensation and benefits.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025095-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 (company), Expansion\nIn April 2016, 1871 officially opened their 3.0 expansion, which enlarges the space by another 41,000 square feet. This expansion created more classrooms and office spaces for some of their largest companies such as Impact Engine, Accenture and Options Away. The expansion was funded entirely by themselves and the Chicago Entrepreneurial Center, with no government grant assistance The estimated encounters of 1,000 people they have on a daily basis has grown to 2,000 people with the 3.0 Expansion. Over 500 companies are now working out of 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 25], "content_span": [26, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025095-0006-0000", "contents": "1871 (company), Further Reading and Viewing\nby Chicago poet , Created for the facility's grand opening, February 29, 2012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025096-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 (film)\n1871 is a 1990 period film about the rise and fall of the Paris Commune in 1871. It was directed by Ken McMullen and produced by Stewart Richards. The writers were McMullen, James Leahy and Terry James. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival. The film stars Ana Padrao, Roshan Seth, John Lynch, Jack Klaff, and Timothy Spall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1871 Atlantic hurricane season lasted from mid-summer to late-fall. Records show that 1871 featured two tropical storms, four hurricanes and two major hurricanes (Category 3+). However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. According to a study in 2004, an undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 is possible. A later study in 2008 estimated that eight or more storms may have been missed prior to 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season\nOf the known 1871 cyclones, both Hurricane Five and Hurricane Eight were first documented in 1995 by Jos\u00e9 Fern\u00e1ndez-Partag\u00e1s and Henry D\u00edaz, who also proposed large changes to the known tracks of Hurricane Three and of Hurricane Four. Further analysis, in 2008, extended the duration of both Hurricane Three and Hurricane Seven, by one day each. A reanalysis published in 2014 found fifteen named storms, twelve of which became hurricanes; four attained major hurricane status. However, these results have yet to be officially accepted into HURDAT.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nAt 00:00\u00a0UTC on June\u00a01, a tropical storm formed about 60\u00a0miles (95\u00a0km) east-southeast of Key West, Florida. For the next twelve\u00a0hours, the system moved westward over the Straits of Florida between Cuba and the lower Florida Keys. Entering the southeastern Gulf of Mexico, the cyclone turned to the northwest and strengthened. While located 165\u00a0miles (265\u00a0km) west-northwest of the Dry Tortugas, it attained peak winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) early on June\u00a02. Afterward, the system gradually turned to the west-northwest and maintained its intensity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0002-0001", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nAs it neared the Texas coast, its course shifted to the northwest. At 07:00\u00a0UTC on June\u00a07, the storm made landfall over San Luis Pass, 50\u00a0miles (80\u00a0km) south-southeast of Houston, at peak intensity. After landfall, the storm curved northward over East Texas, and dissipated over eastern Oklahoma late on June\u00a05. A preliminary reanalysis in 2014 upgraded the cyclone to a Category 1 hurricane at landfall in Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nA weather station in Galveston recorded peak winds of 39\u00a0mph (63\u00a0km/h) and a total of 6 inches (152\u00a0mm) of rain during the passage of the storm, of which 3.95\u00a0in (100\u00a0mm) fell in a fourteen-minute time span on June\u00a04. Another source indicated 15.57\u00a0in (395\u00a0mm) of rainfall took place, including a twenty-four-hour record of 8.55\u00a0in (217\u00a0mm) on June\u00a04. Additionally, a barometer in the area sampled a minimum peripheral pressure of 29.51\u00a0inHg (999\u00a0mb). Storm surge flooded onto and eroded Galveston Island, causing washouts of railroad beds and structures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0003-0001", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nOne vessel, the steamship Alabama, beached at Galveston, while another, the Virginia Dare, grounded on an offshore sandbar there. Four drownings occurred at Galveston. Gale-force winds also affected Port Aransas; very high tides occurred there and at Indianola, flooding low ground at the latter place. Extremely heavy rains associated with this cyclone also caused flooding in New Orleans, which was reportedly \"submerged\". The New York Times on June\u00a06 reported that floodwaters covered 6 square miles (16\u00a0km2), five hundred blocks in all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nAt 00:00\u00a0UTC on June\u00a08, the second tropical storm of the season developed 155\u00a0miles (250\u00a0km) north-northwest of Progreso, Yucat\u00e1n\u2014three days after Tropical Storm One dissipated. Taking a steady course to the northwest, the cyclone closely followed its predecessor, threatening Southeast Texas yet again. Early on June\u00a09, the system peaked at 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) and turned north-northwestward. At 17:00\u00a0UTC, the cyclone made landfall near present-day Jamaica Beach, 15\u00a0miles (25\u00a0km) west-southwest of Galveston, at peak intensity. After landfall, the system headed northward over the western part of Galveston Bay. Late on June\u00a010, the cyclone dissipated over East Texas, just south of the Texas\u2013Oklahoma border.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nAs it affected Galveston, the storm destroyed a church and many houses. Storm surge occurred on the island for the second time in a week, as floodwaters engulfed the eastern section of Galveston Island. Several ships wrecked as well, and some sailing ships were deemed lost at sea. A cotton steamship, the Mollie Hambleton, sank while at anchor. One person died at Refugio, when winds unroofed a church. Storm surge-related flooding was minimal at Indianola. Strong gales affected coastal Louisiana, and neared hurricane intensity at Lake Charles, downing fruit trees. Torrential rain damaged corn and cotton crops, and numerous cattle drowned. A tornado struck Chatawa, Mississippi, destroying a schoolhouse and trees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0006-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nA reanalysis in 2014 tentatively determined that this storm and the preceding system were a single hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0007-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nEarly on August\u00a014, a report from the ship Tybee of hurricane-force winds to the east of The Bahamas signaled the presence of a well-formed system. At 00:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a014, the third tropical cyclone of the season was noted, 210\u00a0miles (340\u00a0km) northeast of San Salvador Island, with 90-mph (150-km/h) winds. Tracking generally westward, the hurricane gradually strengthened. At 12:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a015, the cyclone attained peak winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h)\u2014equivalent to Category 3 status on the modern Saffir\u2013Simpson scale, which it maintained until landfall in Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0007-0001", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nSeveral hours later, the hurricane made landfall over the northern Abaco Islands, and continued westward toward the Gulf Stream. Early on August\u00a016, a barque, the Bridgeport, measured a pressure of 28.1\u00a0inHg (952\u00a0mb) in the storm's eye. As it neared eastern Florida, the storm curved slightly west-northwestward, before making landfall north of Hobe Sound at 02:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a017.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0008-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nOver the next few days, the cyclone parabolically turned to the northeast, re-entering the Atlantic Ocean near Darien, Georgia, on August\u00a018. While executing a clockwise loop off the Southeastern United States, the system maintained winds just below hurricane intensity. On August\u00a022, the system ended its loop and headed westward, toward the Georgia coast. Final landfall occurred near Brunswick at 00:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a023. At the time, the cyclone still contained maximum sustained winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h). The system decayed as it moved inland, and dissipation took place eighteen hours later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0009-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nDespite crossing The Bahamas at peak strength, damage in the archipelago, if any, is unknown. The hurricane was of great extent as it struck Florida, with hurricane-force winds occurring at New Smyrna\u2014115\u00a0miles (185\u00a0km) from the eye. The local U.S. Army Signal Corps observer judged the storm to be the worst since October\u00a023, 1865. In New Smyrna, the storm snapped or otherwise damaged oak and citrus trees. At Enterprise, several homes were unroofed as well. Winds destroyed another home at Ocala. Numerous ships were tossed ashore, leaving the beaches \"strewn with wrecks\". Impacts to Georgia, if any, are unknown. Winds reached 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h) in Savannah, which registered a pressure of 29.55\u00a0inHg (1,001\u00a0mb).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0010-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nOn August\u00a017, the fourth tropical storm of the season developed 550\u00a0miles (885\u00a0km) west-southwest of the Cape Verde islands. The system progressed on a west-northwest track and steadily intensified, becoming a major hurricane at 00:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a021. Bearing peak winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h), the hurricane passed over Antigua, St. Eustatius, Saint Kitts, and St. Thomas. The eye passed directly over the island of Saba on 21 August 1871 at 10:00am, and the hurricane was described by the resident Catholic priest, Father Koch. \"On the 21st August 1871 a devastating hurricane swept over this island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0010-0001", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nThe first indications of the approach of a storm was observed during the preceding night. Marine Cumulus [storm clouds] were seen forming in the N.E. portion of the sky. Each gush of wind succeeded one another with increasing force. At half past four in the morning every one got alarmed. The barometer reading at 29.5 indicating that the storm was about 350 in distance. The clouds were moving with accelerating force towards the island. The sky was\u00a0? with a gloomy appearance, the rain commenced to fall with interruption at about 9 o'clock it burst forth with all terror.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0010-0002", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nThe noise was at that time terrifying. The [thatch] houses were already leveled one after the other, and the sky was covered with the debris of these and houses. Every one thought at that moment and hence awaiting of their general destruction. At about 10 o'clock the wind shifted. Then it was a dead silence. The nucleus was passing over the island. Then it began departing from the southwest all the force...\". Continuing northwestward, it passed 30\u00a0miles (50\u00a0km) northeast of Fajardo, Puerto Rico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0010-0003", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nThe hurricane then weakened to a Category 2 hurricane, maintaining this strength while making further landfalls in The Bahamas. At 05:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a025, the storm struck near present-day Vero Beach, Florida, with winds of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h). After crossing Central Florida, it entered the Gulf of Mexico and made a final landfall on Taylor County, Florida, as a tropical storm. The storm then moved north and east over land, weakening into a tropical depression, before strengthening back into a tropical storm after re-emerging into the Atlantic off South Carolina. At 12:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a030, the cyclone reattained winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h). The storm was last sighted 90\u00a0miles (145\u00a0km) east of Cape Cod.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0011-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nThe hurricane caused numerous shipwrecks, including three ships lost at Puerto Rico, and left 27 people dead at St. Thomas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0012-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nThe only storm of the year not to make landfall, Hurricane Five was first observed as a Category 2 hurricane with winds of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h) north of Puerto Rico on August\u00a030. Hurricane Five maintained this intensity until it was last observed south of Nova Scotia. It is possible that the storm made landfall on Nova Scotia and it is also possible that the storm formed before August\u00a030.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0013-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nA hurricane formed near the geographic center of the Gulf of Mexico on September\u00a05. At 14:00\u00a0UTC the next day, it made landfall near Cedar Key, Florida, as a Category 1 hurricane. It brought heavy rainfall to Florida and Georgia before entering the Atlantic off the east coast of Georgia. Still continuing to the northeast, it was last sighted south of Cape Hatteras.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0014-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nA tropical storm was first sighted in the Bay of Campeche on September\u00a030. It continued moving in a northeast direction, paralleling the Texas coast and strengthening to a Category 1 hurricane while doing so. Early on October\u00a04, the hurricane passed south of the Mississippi River Delta. At 16:00\u00a0UTC on October\u00a05, it finally made landfall on Taylor County, Florida, as a strong tropical storm with winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h). After re-entering the Atlantic Ocean, the storm was last sighted east of Cape Hatteras. At least three people were killed at Galveston and several ships were wrecked or foundered, some with the loss of all hands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0015-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eight\nA hurricane was first observed northeast of the British Virgin Islands on the morning of October\u00a010. At this point it was already a Category 1 hurricane with winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h). Its intensity remained steady at that level as it traveled first west, then veered north before travelling parallel to the US coast. The hurricane dissipated shortly after making landfall at Nova Scotia on October\u00a013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025097-0016-0000", "contents": "1871 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal effects\nThis is a table of the storms in 1871 and their landfall(s) in bold, if any. The minimum pressures, in most cases, are based on limited observations and may not have occurred at their peak intensity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025098-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Birthday Honours\nThe 1871 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 20 May 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025098-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025099-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Boston Red Stockings season\nThe 1871 Boston Red Stockings season was the inaugural season of the franchise, now known as the Atlanta Braves. They were formed in 1871 by Boston businessman and Ashburnham native Ivers Whitney Adams. The team was composed of former players of the defunct Cincinnati Red Stockings franchise, who were brought to Boston and kept the name with them. Led and managed by baseball pioneer Harry Wright, the new Boston team would join the newly formed National Association of Professional Base Ball Players for the 1871 season and finish the year in third place with a record of 20\u201310.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025099-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Boston Red Stockings season\nPitcher Al Spalding started all 31 of the Red Stockings' games and led the NA with 19 wins. Catcher Cal McVey finished second in the league batting race with a .431 average. From this team, Harry Wright, Al Spalding, and shortstop George Wright have all been elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025099-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025099-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025099-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025099-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025100-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1871 saw the reelection of William Gaston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025101-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 British Columbia general election\nThe 1871 British Columbia general election was held from October to December 1871. Formerly a British colony, British Columbia became a province of Canada on July 20, 1871. An interim Cabinet was appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia, and election writs for the first general election as a province of Canada were issued to choose 25 members of the first provincial legislature from 12 ridings (electoral districts). These ridings were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025101-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 British Columbia general election, Polling conditions\nThe election was held from October through December 1871, and was conducted by means of a show of hands on nomination day and, if required, an open poll book on polling day. There were no organized political parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 58], "content_span": [59, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025101-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 British Columbia general election, Statistics\nNote that these figures refer to votes actually cast, not the population per se nor the total of the potential voters' list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025101-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 British Columbia general election, Results by riding\nNote:  There is no arrangement to the ridings and members, other than by rough alphabetical order, as all were technically independents. Actual seating of the House or political alignments are not represented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025101-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 British Columbia general election, Byelections\nTwo sets of byelections were held to confirm appointments to the Executive Council (cabinet), as was the custom in earlier times. Ministerial candidates in this series of byelections were all confirmed by acclamation (so there were no actual polling dates). These byelections were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 51], "content_span": [52, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025101-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 British Columbia general election, Byelections\nOther byelections were also held due to deaths and other appointments; all were contested:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 51], "content_span": [52, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025101-0006-0000", "contents": "1871 British Columbia general election, Composition of House at dissolution\nNote: Government/Opposition status applies to candidate at time of election in 1871, not at time of dissolution in 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025102-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 California gubernatorial election\nThe 1871 California gubernatorial election was held on September 6, 1871, to elect the governor of California. Incumbent Henry Haight lost his bid for reelection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025103-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Canadian census\nThe 1871 Canadian census marked the first regularly scheduled collection of national statistics of the Canadian population on April 2, 1871,  as required by section 8 of the British North America Act. The constitution required a census to be taken in 1871 and every tenth year thereafter. Parliament implemented the requirements of the constitution through the Census Act of May 12, 1870. In the first census, the population of Canada was enumerated to be 3,485,761.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025103-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Canadian census\nAll inhabitants of Canada were included, including aboriginals. While this was the first national census of Canada, only four provinces existed at the time: Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Other areas of what later became part of Canada continued to be enumerated in their own separate censuses. The results of the 1871 census, in both English and French, were reported in a five volume set.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025103-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Canadian census, Questionnaire\nThe questionnaire was on a variety of subjects and asked 211 questions including area, land holdings, vital statistics, religion, education, administration, the military, justice, agriculture, commerce, industry and finance. Information was collected in tabular form on population, houses and other buildings, lands, industries and institutions. The population section included the age, sex, religion, education, race and occupation of each person, although not every household answered all 211 questions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 35], "content_span": [36, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025103-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Canadian census, Data products\nAs the data were compiled, Statistics Canada released various census data products.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 35], "content_span": [36, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025103-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 Canadian census, Data products, Population by province\nManitoba and North-West Territories joined the Canadian confederation on July 15, 1870, but were not included in the 1871 official Census of Canada. In addition, British Columbia joined the Canadian confederation on July 20, 1871, after the census date of April 2, 1871. Statistics Canada has included estimates for all three of these jurisdictions\u00a0\u2013 total population only\u00a0\u2013 in the same stated source, though totals do not add (see notes at source). Statistics Canada also provides the 1871 totals by sex for Canada, adjusted with their estimates for Manitoba and North-West Territories and British Columbia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025103-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 Canadian census, Origins\nThe figures for 1871 are for the four original provinces (Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia) only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025104-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Canterbury colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of Canterbury in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 6 January 1871 because of the resignation of Montagu Stephen due to ill health.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025105-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1871 Chicago White Stockings season was the 2nd season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 1st in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players and the 1st at Union Base-Ball Grounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025105-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago White Stockings season\nWith the debut of the first professional baseball league, the National Association, the Chicago franchise joined up as the \"White Stockings.\" The team went 19\u20139 and finished second in the league standings. Pitcher George Zettlein started all 28 of Chicago's games and led the NA with a 2.73 earned run average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025105-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago White Stockings season\nNear the end of the season, the team lost its stadiums and equipment when the Great Chicago Fire hit the city. The team was able to finish out the season on the road, but had to drop out of the league while the city attempted to recover. The team would not resurface until 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025105-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025105-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025105-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025105-0006-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025106-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago mayoral election\nIn the Chicago mayoral election of 1871, Joseph Medill defeated Republican/Democratic nominee Charles C. P. Holden by a landslide 46-point margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025106-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago mayoral election\nHolden was president of the Common Council, and constructed the Landmark Holden Block in 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025106-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago mayoral election\nThe election took place on November 7, a month after Chicago suffered the calamity of the Great Chicago Fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025106-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago mayoral election\nThe administration of the election was challenging because the majority of Chicago's voting records had been incinerated by the Great Chicago Fire, meaning that there were few resources to prevent individuals from voting more than once.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025106-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nIncumbent Democrat Roswell B. Mason did not run for reelection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025106-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nHolden was supported by both the city's Republican Party and Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025106-0006-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nMedill ran on the \"Union-Fireproof\" ticket. The Union-fireproof ticket had been formed by a group of Chicago businessmen and civic leaders led by Carter Harrison Sr. Despite their drafting of Medill, he initially refused the nomination. Medill was preoccupied with the task of running his Chicago Tribune newspaper business, particularly after its headquarters building had been lost in the fire. However, after several days of being pressured to accept the nomination, he agreed to run on the condition that the Illinois State Legislature would enact a new city charter for Chicago which gave more formal power to the mayor. In his speech accepting the nomination, he noted that he would likely resign as mayor if the legislature failed to pass such a charter. The ticket was a liberal reform one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025106-0007-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nIn his campaign, Medill promised to enact strengthened building regulations and fire codes. Medill also promised to rebuild the city, implement blue laws, and address the city's crime problems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025106-0008-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nHolden had been nominated by the local Democratic Party organization, which at the time was very weakly organized. The party's main base of support came from the city's immigrant community. Holden was the alderman from the city's Tenth Ward and had served as president of the City Council during Mason's mayoralty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025106-0009-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago mayoral election, Results\nMedill won a landslide victory. The \"Union-Fireprooof\" ticket also saw its nominees for City Treasurer and City Collector elected as well. However, seven aldermen were elected from the Democratic ticket, providing the Democrats with one-third of the city council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025106-0010-0000", "contents": "1871 Chicago mayoral election, Results\nMedill was the city's first foreign-born mayor. Only one subsequent mayor has been foreign born, Anton Cermak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025107-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Chilean presidential election\nThe Chilean presidential election of 1871 took place through a system of electors, and resulted in the election as President of Federico Err\u00e1zuriz Za\u00f1artu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025108-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 City of Auckland West by-election\nThe 1871 City of Auckland West by-election was a by-election held  on 1 September 1871 in the City of Auckland West electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament. It was then a two-member electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025108-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 City of Auckland West by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, John Williamson. His earlier election had been declared invalid, as he held the position of Commissioner of Crown Lands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025109-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season\nThe Cleveland Forest Citys played their first season in 1871 as a charter member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished eighth in the league with a record of 10-19. Pitcher Al Pratt led the NA in strikeouts, with 34.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025109-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, First game\nThe honor of playing the first game of the newly organized National Association of Professional Baseball Players was decided by coin flip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025109-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, First game\nBobby Mathews, 5'5\", 140\u00a0lbs, and 20 years old, hurled a 2-0 shutout for the Kekiongas. Deacon White, catcher for the Cleveland Forest Citys got 3 hits in 4 at-bats; the other Cleveland players only shared 2 hits among them. Deacon White scored the first hit, the first extra-base hit (a double) and was the first to hit into a double-play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025109-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, First game\nThe game was rained out in the top of the 9th inning. Attendance was 200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025109-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, First game\nBobby Mathews, who went on to play five seasons each in the National Association, National League, and American Association, is the only player ever to pitch 100 games or to win at least 50 in three different major leagues. He is credited with inventing the spitball and the out-curve. Deacon White was another historic player, ending his 22-year career as playing owner of Buffalo's Brotherhood team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025109-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025109-0006-0000", "contents": "1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025109-0007-0000", "contents": "1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025109-0008-0000", "contents": "1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025110-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1871 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 3, 1871. It was the fourth consecutive contest between the same two major party nominees. Former governor and Republican nominee Marshall Jewell defeated incumbent governor and Democratic nominee James E. English with 50.05% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025110-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe race was extremely close, with English finishing ahead in the initial count. However, a canvassing committee found a series of English's votes to be fraudulent and had errors that caused them to be disqualified. An investigation into the votes in Cheshire also added 23 votes to Jewell's total. These events placed Jewell ahead in the vote count with a majority. Jewell would be declared the winner and be seated as governor several days into the next term, and inaugurated governor on May 16, 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025111-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 County Limerick by-election\nThe County Limerick by-election of 1871 was fought on 28 January 1871. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Liberal MP William Monsell, becoming Postmaster General. It was retained unopposed by William Monsell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025112-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Dover by-election\nThe Dover by-election of 1871 was held on 25 November 1871. The byelection was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, George Jessel, becoming Solicitor General for England and Wales. It was retained by Jessel with a reduced majority  There was a riot following the result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025113-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Dutch general election\nPartial general elections were held in the Netherlands on 13 June 1871 to elect half the seats in the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025114-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 East Surrey by-election\nThe East Surrey by-election of 1871 was fought on 26 August 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025114-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 East Surrey by-election\nThe by-election was triggered following the death of the sitting Liberal Member of Parliament, Charles Buxton, and was won by the Conservative candidate, James Watney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025114-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 East Surrey by-election\nWatney sat as the second member of the two-seat constituency until it was abolished at the 1885 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025115-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 English cricket season\n1871 was the 85th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). Derbyshire County Cricket Club became a first-class club and the last matches were played by Cambridgeshire, who in the days of Bob Carpenter, the first Tom Hayward and George Tarrant had been one of the leading cricket counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025115-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 English cricket season\nW. G. Grace surpassed his previous season\u2019s record of 1,808 runs and his 1869 average of 57.39 by scoring 2,739 at the outstanding average of 78.25 at a time when most pitches were still unrolled and very dangerous to batsmen \u2013 though the heavy roller was already producing major improvements to Lord\u2019s and eliminating the bottom-of-the-stump shooters. These records were not beaten until Arthur Shrewsbury averaged 78.71 in 1887 and Ranjitsinhji scored 2,780 runs in 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025115-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 English cricket season, Notes\nHampshire, though regarded until 1885 as first-class, played no inter-county matches between 1868 and 1869 or 1871 and 1874", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025116-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Fijian House of Delegates election\nElections to the House of Delegates were held in Fiji in the summer of 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025116-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Fijian House of Delegates election, Background\nAfter being crowned King of Fiji on 5 June 1871, Seru Epenisa Cakobau called for the election of members of the House of Delegates to scrutinise the proposed constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025116-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Fijian House of Delegates election, Results\nA total of 30 European members were elected, representing most areas with European settlement. The elected members sat alongside 30 chiefs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025116-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Fijian House of Delegates election, Aftermath\nThe newly elected House was opened by Cakobau on 1 August. After amendments were made to the constitution, including the creation of a Privy Council and the creation of a Legislative Assembly consisting solely of Europeans, the document was signed by Cakobau on 18 August. Writs were subsequently issued for elections to the Legislative Assembly, which were held by the start of October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025117-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Fijian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Fiji in 1871 to elect members of the new Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025117-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Fijian general election, Background\nIn June 1871 King Cakobau created a House of Delegates, with elections taking place soon afterwards. The House passed amendments to the constitution, which provided for a Privy Council consisting of a high chief from each province, the governors of provincial councils and members of the cabinet, and an elected Legislative Assembly composed of Europeans. Writs for the elections to the Legislative Assembly were issued on 1 August and the House of Delegates ended its final session on 23 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025117-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nThe Legislative Assembly had 28 elected members, elected from 21 constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025117-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Fijian general election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, the Assembly was due to meet for the first time on 1 November, but this was postponed until 3 November after strong winds prevented Cakobau from attending. Former mayor of Melbourne James Stewart Butters was elected speaker. Seven of the elected members decided to go into opposition and formed the Constitution Party with Robert Wilson Hamilton as chairman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025117-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 Fijian general election, Aftermath\nFresh elections were due to be held in 1873 with Fijians allowed to vote. However, following protests by Europeans, the elections were cancelled. The next elections did not take place until 1905.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025118-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season\nThe Fort Wayne Kekiongas played their first and only season in 1871 as a charter member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished seventh in the league with a record of 7-12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025118-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season, First game\nThe honor of playing the first game of the newly organized National Association of Professional Baseball Players was decided by coin flip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025118-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season, First game\nBobby Mathews, 5'5\", 140 lbs, and 20 years old, hurled a 2-0 shutout for the Kekiongas. Deacon White, catcher for the Cleveland Forest Citys got 3 hits in 4 at-bats; the other Cleveland players only shared 2 hits among them. Deacon White scored the first hit, the first extra-base hit (a double) and was the first to hit into a double-play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025118-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season, First game\nThe game was rained out in the top of the 9th inning. Attendance was 200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025118-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season, First game\nBobby Mathews, who went on to play five seasons each in the National Association, National League, and American Association, is the only player ever to pitch 100 games or to win at least 50 in three different major leagues. He is credited with inventing the spitball and the out-curve. Deacon White was another historic player, ending his 22-year career as playing owner of Buffalo's Brotherhood team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025118-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025118-0006-0000", "contents": "1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025118-0007-0000", "contents": "1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025119-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 French legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in France on 8 February 1871 to elect the first legislature of the French Third Republic, the unicameral National Assembly. The elections were held during a situation of crisis in the country, as following the Franco-Prussian War, 43 departments were occupied by Prussian forces. As a result, all public meetings were outlawed and Paris was the only city where an election campaign took place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025119-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 French legislative election\nThe electoral law allowed candidates to run in more than one seat at a time. As a result, several candidates were elected in more than one seat, with Adolphe Thiers elected in 86 constituencies. A series of by-elections were subsequently held on 2 July to elect representatives for the 114 vacant seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025119-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 French legislative election\nThis election saw the victory of monarchists (Legitimists and Orleanists), favourable to peace with the German Empire, with a large majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025120-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 French legislative election in Algeria\nElections to the National Assembly of France were held in Algeria in February 1871. Two members were elected from each of the three d\u00e9partements, Algiers, Constantine and Oran. However, two winning candidates (who both stood in Algiers and one also in Oran) also won seats in mainland France, and by-elections were held in Algiers on 11 July and Oran on 12 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025120-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 French legislative election in Algeria, Electoral system\nThe franchise was restricted to French citizens, which prevented most of the Muslim Arab population from voting; Muslims were deemed to be French subjects falling under the Muslim personal status law. Although they could request citizenship, few did as it involved committing apostasy as it required them to renounce Muslim law.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 61], "content_span": [62, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025120-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 French legislative election in Algeria, Results\nGambetta and Garibaldi were both also won seats in mainland France. By-elections were held in Algiers on 11 July in which Auguste Warnier (6,038 votes) and Beno\u00eet Vuillermoz (6,371 votes) were elected. Vuillermoz later resigned and was replaced by Adolphe Cr\u00e9mieux, who defeated Bertholon by 5,552 votes to 4,446.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 52], "content_span": [53, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025120-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 French legislative election in Algeria, Results\nAndrieu resigned shortly after winning his seat. With Gambetta also having resigned his Oran seat due to winning elsewhere, a by-election for both seats was held on 12 July in which Alexis Lambert and R\u00e9my Jacques were elected. However, their election was annulled by the National Assembly (the totals won by the two candidates - 5,059 and 2,288 - exceeded the total number of votes - 7,193) but were both re-elected in January 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 52], "content_span": [53, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025121-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 French legislative election in Senegal\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Senegal on 3 April 1871 as part of the wider French elections. Lafon de Fongaufier was elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025121-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 French legislative election in Senegal, Electoral system\nThe single Senegalese seat in the National Assembly had been abolished by a decree of 2 February 1852. However, it was restored in 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 61], "content_span": [62, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025121-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 French legislative election in Senegal, Aftermath\nA new electoral law was passed in 1875 that did not mention Senegal, meaning no MP was elected in 1876. However, a decree of 1879 reinstated the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025122-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Galway County by-election\nThe County Galway by-election of 1871 was held on 21 February 1871. The byelection was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Hubert de Burgh-Canning. It was won by the unopposed pro Home Rule candidate Mitchell Henry. The gain was retained in the 1874 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025123-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 German federal election\nThe first federal elections were held in Germany on 3 March 1871. The National Liberal Party emerged as the largest party in the Reichstag, with 117 of the 382 seats. Voter turnout was just 51.0%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025124-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Grand National\nThe 1871 Grand National was the 33rd renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 21 March 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025125-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Halifax by-election\nThe Halifax by-election of 1871 was fought on 13 March 1871. The by-election was caused by the incumbent Liberal MP, James Stansfeld, becoming President of the Poor Law Board. It was retained by James Stansfeld who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025126-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Hereford by-election\nThe Hereford by-election of 1871 was held on 28 February 1871. It was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Edward Henry Clive. It was won by the Conservative candidate George Arbuthnot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025127-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1871 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 26 August 1871. It was the first mayoral election of the Invercargill municipality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025127-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Invercargill mayoral election\nFormer Superintendent of the Southland Province William Wood defeated John Walker Mitchell, becoming the first Mayor of Invercargill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025128-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Iowa Senate election\nIn the 1871 Iowa State Senate elections, Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the fourteenth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 34 of the state senate's 49 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025128-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 43 seats to Democrats' seven seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025128-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 19 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025128-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1871 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 42 seats and Democrats having eight seats (a net gain of 1 seat for Democrats).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025129-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1871 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on October 10, 1871. Republican nominee Cyrus C. Carpenter defeated Democratic nominee J. C. Knapp with 61.46% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025130-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Kentucky gubernatorial election\nThe 1871 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on August 7, 1871. Incumbent Democrat Preston Leslie defeated Republican nominee George M. Thomas with 58.61% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025131-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Kiama colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Kiama on 12 January 1871 because of the resignation of Henry Parkes. Parkes had resigned in October 1870 due to financial difficulties following the failure of his importing venture, but had been re-elected at the subsequent by-election. Barely one month later Parkes was forced into bankruptcy and had to resign again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025132-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Liberian general election\nPresidential elections were held in Liberia in May 1871. Former president Joseph Jenkins Roberts of the Republican Party was elected unopposed. Roberts took office on 1 January 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025133-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Limerick City by-election\nThe Limerick City by-election of 1871 was fought on 20 September 1871. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Francis William Russell. It was won by the Home Rule League candidate Isaac Butt, who was unopposed. The gain was retained by the Home Rule League at the 1874 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025134-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Liverpool Plains colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Liverpool Plains on 9 January 1871 because Charles Cowper had been appointed Agent General in London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025134-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Liverpool Plains colonial by-election, Candidates\nJohn Robertson was already a member of the Legislative Assembly, for the electorate West Sydney. At the nominations Hanley Bennett produced a telegram from Robertson stating that he would not oppose Lewis Levy and would not sit if elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025134-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Liverpool Plains colonial by-election, Polling places\nPolling was delayed at Breeza and Quirindi Inn because of floods and a mistake by a postmaster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025135-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Liverpool Town Council election\nElections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Monday 1 November 1871. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025135-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Liverpool Town Council election, Election result\nBecause of the large number of uncontested seats, these statistics should be taken in that context.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025135-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Liverpool Town Council election, Aldermanic Election\nAt the meeting of the Council on 9 November 1877, the terms of office of eight alderman expired. The following eight were elected as Aldermen by the Council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 9 November 1871 for a term of six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 57], "content_span": [58, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025135-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 15, South Toxteth, 30 December 1871\nThe death of Alderman Raymond William Houghton JP was reported to the Council on 20 December 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 91], "content_span": [92, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025135-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 15, South Toxteth, 30 December 1871\nCouncillor Andrew Barclay Walker (Conservative, South Toxteth, elected 1 November 1870) was elected as an alderman by the Council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 20 December 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 91], "content_span": [92, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025135-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 4, St. Paul's, 20 March 1872\nThe death of Alderman John Hayward Turner JP was reported to the Council on 6 March 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 84], "content_span": [85, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025135-0006-0000", "contents": "1871 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 4, St. Paul's, 20 March 1872\nWilliam Barton (Conservative, St. Paul's, elected 1 November 1869) was elected as an Alderman by the Council (Councillors and Aldermen) on 11 March 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 84], "content_span": [85, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025136-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 L\u0101na`i earthquake\nAn earthquake struck near the Hawaiian island of Lanai on February 19, at 10:11 pm HST with an estimated magnitude of 7.0\u20137.5 on the Richter scale. It remains one of the largest seismic events to hit the Hawaiian Islands since the 1868 Ka\u2018\u016b earthquake, with its effects being felt throughout the entire archipelago. It caused severe damage on the islands of Lanai, Molokai and Maui. A tsunami may have been generated however there are speculations of it had really happened. Despite the size of the quake and the extent of damage, no lives were lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025136-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 L\u0101na`i earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe Hawaiian Islands is situated in the middle of the Pacific Plate, far from any known plate boundary, where most of the world's earthquakes occur. This island chain is a product of hotspot volcanism where magma is able to make its way up to the crust and onto the surface, creating volcanoes. Hawai'i or the Big Island is the youngest volcanic island and marks where the hotspot currently is.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 40], "content_span": [41, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025136-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 L\u0101na`i earthquake, Earthquake\nThe estimated magnitude 7.5 earthquake is currently the third-largest to occur in the Kingdom of Hawaii, behind the 1868 and 1975 quakes. The most likely source of this event is the Molokai Fracture Zone, a structure in the Pacific Ocean seafloor that separates 85 million-year-old and 100 million-year-old oceanic lithosphere. It runs through the island chain near Lanai and Maui. Along this part of the fracture zone, stress due to the weight of the Hawaiian Islands may have resulted in slippage along the structure at a deep depth, in the oceanic crust basement. The same seismic zone is suspected to have produced an Mw\u202f6.8 earthquake in 1938 near Maui.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025136-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 L\u0101na`i earthquake, Earthquake, Tsunami\nA tsunami was thought to have accompanied the earthquake shortly after, as mentioned in several local newspapers and reports. This claim however is doubtful as the claims were vague and other eyewitnesses along the shores did not report any large waves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 43], "content_span": [44, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025136-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 L\u0101na`i earthquake, Impact, Lanai\nThe earthquake reportedly lasted 55 seconds to a minute with shaking directed in a northeast to southwest motion. The most extreme shaking was felt on the islands of Maui and Lanai where the values on the Mercalli intensity scale range from VIII to XI. There, fractures formed along the slopes, and rocks that broke off from peaks collapsed. Between Manele Bay and Kamaiki Point, Pali Kaholo; a well-known cliff, collapsed into the ocean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025136-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 L\u0101na`i earthquake, Impact, Lanai\nIn Lahaina, almost every adobe and brick building was destroyed. A mission church sustained cracks in its walls. The courthouse and a stone building were also damaged. It was reported that every fence and wall fell towards the north. At the pier, a crack 14.6 meters long appeared.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025136-0006-0000", "contents": "1871 L\u0101na`i earthquake, Impact, Oahu\nIn Oahu, the earthquake cracked walls and split two houses. In Ewa, the belfry of a Catholic church supported by cast-iron pillars was completely destroyed. In Waianae, ground fissures and land slumps were widely reported. Some landslides and rockfalls resulted in road blockage. Plasters on homes, offices, and a courthouse fell down in Honolulu. In addition, chimneys at the Punahou School in Honolulu were also knocked off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025136-0007-0000", "contents": "1871 L\u0101na`i earthquake, Impact, Oahu\nOn the Mercalli intensity scale, the earthquake's intensity was likely VI (Strong), and it lasted some 30 to 45 seconds. The quake caused panic and hysteria, some residents fainted while others began praying. Some residents reported feeling nauseated and started to vomit. Overall, damage in Oahu was moderate, with some structures compromised and a number of collapses reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025136-0008-0000", "contents": "1871 L\u0101na`i earthquake, Impact, Molokai\nIn Molokai, the earthquake overturned furniture and kitchen items in homes. Stone houses began to crack as the ground shook. Parts of a Catholic church fell to the ground, and plasters came off most buildings in the area. Ground fissures tore through the landscape, breaking roads. The severity of shaking corresponds towards VIII to IX. North-central Molokai had weaker intensities at VI to VII.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025136-0009-0000", "contents": "1871 L\u0101na`i earthquake, Impact, Hawaii\nA direct observer wrote in a letter stating that the shaking was \"as severe as\" the 1868 earthquake. The sound of roaring was heard during the quake, which was described as having a great intensity and weakening, ending with an extremely violent shock before the shaking had stopped. Stone walls everywhere toppled in Kawaihae.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025137-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1871 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 11, 1871. Incumbent Republican Governor Sidney Perham defeated the Democratic candidate Charles P. Kimball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025138-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Maryland gubernatorial election\nThe 1871 Maryland gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025138-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Maryland gubernatorial election\nDemocratic candidate William Pinkney Whyte defeated Republican candidate Jacob Tome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025139-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1871 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1871. Incumbent Republican Governor William Claflin did not run for a fourth term in office. He was succeeded by Republican U.S. Representative William B. Washburn, who defeated Democrat John Quincy Adams II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025140-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 92nd Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1871 during the governorship of Republican William Claflin. Horace H. Coolidge served as president of the Senate and Harvey Jewell served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025141-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Meath by-election\nThe Meath by-election of 1871 was fought on 17 January 1871. The byelection was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Matthew Corbally. It was won by the Home Rule candidate John Martin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025141-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Meath by-election\nMartin was elected by a margin of 2\u20131 as the first Home Rule MP representing Meath, representing first Isaac Butt's Home Government Association and from November 1873 the Home Rule League. This was unusual for a Protestant in a Catholic constituency, and is a measure of the popular esteem Martin was held in, he was commonly known as \"Honest John Martin\". He retained his seat in the February 1874 general election as one of 60 Home Rule members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025142-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Mexican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Mexico in 1871. In the presidential election, no candidate received more than 50% of the popular vote, resulting in Congress electing the winner. Having received 48% of the popular vote, incumbent president Benito Ju\u00e1rez was elected by Congress with 108 of the 116 votes cast. Following the elections, losing candidate Porfirio D\u00edaz launched a rebellion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025143-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1871 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1871 to elect the governor of Minnesota. Incumbent Horace Austin was reelected to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025144-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Monaghan by-election\nThe Monaghan by-election of 1871 was fought on 22 July 1871. The byelection was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Charles Powell Leslie III. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Leslie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025145-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Monmouthshire by-election\nThe Monmouthshire by-election of 1871 was held on 4 March 1871. The byelection was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Poulett Somerset. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate Lord Henry Somerset.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025146-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 New England colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of New England in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 6 January 1871 because of the resignation of Charles Weaver to accept appointment as a police magistrate at Gosford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025147-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 New Jersey gubernatorial election\nThe 1871 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1871. Democratic nominee Joel Parker defeated Republican nominee Cornelius Walsh with 51.88% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025148-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 New York Mutuals season\nThe New York Mutuals baseball team (1857 \u2013 1876) joined the National Association for the league's debut season in 1871. The Mutuals went 16-17 and finished in fifth place. Pitcher Rynie Wolters led the NA in runs batted in, with 44.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025148-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 64], "content_span": [65, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025148-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025148-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025148-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Starting pitchers, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025149-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 New York state election\nThe 1871 New York state election was held on November 7, 1871, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025149-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on October 4 at Rochester, New York, and re-nominated six of the seven incumbents. Only Diedrich Willers, Jr., was nominated for Secretary of State in place of Homer A. Nelson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025149-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 New York state election, Results\nIn the wake of the Tweed and Canal Ring scandals, the whole Republican ticket was elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025149-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 New York state election, Results\nThe incumbents Nichols, Champlain, Bristol, Richmond, Chapman and McNeil were defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025149-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 New York state election, Results\n97 Republicans, 25 Democrats and 6 Reform Democrats were elected for the session of 1872 to the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025150-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 New Zealand census\nThe 1871 New Zealand census was New Zealand's sixth national census. The day used for the census was Monday, 27 February 1871. It was the first census held in New Zealand for which separate reports were produced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025150-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 New Zealand census\nThe total population of the Colony of New Zealand was counted as 256,393 of whom 150,356 were Males and 106,037 Females - an increase of 37,725 people, 17.25% since the previous 1867 census. Only the European population was counted; no M\u0101ori census was held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025150-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 New Zealand census, Population and dwellings\nThe distribution of this population through the principal divisions of the Colony was as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025150-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 New Zealand census, Population and dwellings\nNote: Includes Stewart Island and (Chatham Islands Males 89, Females 44, Total 133)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025150-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 New Zealand census, Population and dwellings, Birthplace\nThe figures show that of the total population of specified birthplace had New Zealand-born were 36.46% and a majority of 63.54% were born-overseas of the total resident population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 61], "content_span": [62, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025150-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 New Zealand census, Population and dwellings, Religious denominations\nMembers of Christian denominations formed 94.51 per cent. of those who made answer to the inquiry at the last census; non-Christian sects were 5.49 per cent. ; and those who described themselves as of Otherwise described 2.38 per cent. ; whilst \"Objecting to state\" religions constituted 3.36 per cent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 74], "content_span": [75, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025151-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 New Zealand general election\nThe New Zealand general election of 1871 was held between 14 January and 23 February to elect 78 MPs across 72 electorates to the fifth session of the New Zealand Parliament. 41,527 electors were registered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025151-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 New Zealand general election, Background\n1871 was the first general election to include the four M\u0101ori electorates, with elections held on 1 and 15 February. The first M\u0101ori Members of Parliament had been elected in 1868, but in 1871 three retired and one (Western Maori) was defeated. So in 1871 four new M\u0101ori MPs were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025151-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 New Zealand general election, Background\nIn 1866 the secret ballot was introduced for general (European) elections. The 1871 general election was the first one at which it was used. The secret ballot not used in M\u0101ori electorates until 1938, thus M\u0101ori voters continued to inform a polling officer orally of their chosen candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025151-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 New Zealand general election, Background\nThe date of election is defined here as the day on which the poll took place, or if there was no contest, the day of nomination. The earliest election day was 14 January 1871. The earliest date in the general electorate results table, 13 January 1871, thus represents William Rolleston being declared elected unopposed in the Avon electorate on nomination day. The last election was held on 23 February 1871 in the Franklin electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025151-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 New Zealand general election, Background\n68 European electorates and 4 M\u0101ori electorates were defined by the Representation Act 1870. Six of the general electorates had two representatives, the rest were single member electorates. Hence, 78 MPs were elected. Electorates that were first formed for the 1871 elections were East Coast, Eden, Rodney, Thames, Waikato, Waitemata, Egmont, Manawatu, Buller, Grey Valley, Christchurch East, Christchurch West, Hokitika, Totara, Dunstan, Mount Ida, Tuapeka, Waitaki, Waikaia, and Wakatipu. 41,527 electors were registered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025152-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Newry by-election\nThe Newry by-election of 1871 was fought on 23 January 1871. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP William Kirk. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate Viscount Newry and Morne. The Liberal Party narrowly won the seat at the 1874 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025153-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Norwich by-election\nThe Norwich by-election of 1871 was fought on 22 February 1871. The byelection was fought due to the void election of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Jacob Henry Tillett. It was won by the Liberal candidate Jeremiah James Colman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025154-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Nova Scotia general election\nThe 1871 Nova Scotia general election was held on 16 May 1871 to elect members of the 25th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Liberal party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025155-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1871 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 10, 1871. Republican nominee Edward Follansbee Noyes defeated Democratic nominee George Wythe McCook with 51.75% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025156-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Ontario general election\nThe 1871 Ontario general election was the second general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on March 21, 1871, to elect the 82 Members of the 2nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario (\"MLAs\").", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025156-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Liberal Party, led by Edward Blake, won a slim majority of the seats, and formed the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025156-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Conservative Party, led by John Sandfield Macdonald, served as the official opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025157-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Or\u00e1n earthquake\nThe 1871 Or\u00e1n earthquake that took place in the Province of Salta, in the Republic of Argentina, on Tuesday, 9 October 1871 at 02:15. It had an estimated magnitude of 6.4 Ms. The earthquake was located at a depth of 30 kilometres (19\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025157-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Or\u00e1n earthquake, Damage and casualties\nThe destructive force of the 1871 Or\u00e1n earthquake was measured at VIII on the Mercalli intensity scale. It completely destroyed the former city of Or\u00e1n (now San Ram\u00f3n de la Nueva Or\u00e1n), towards the northern parts of the province of Salta. It caused 20 deaths as well as injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025157-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Or\u00e1n earthquake, Aftermath\nAs a result of the destruction of the original city of Or\u00e1n, it was later reestablished under the name of San Ram\u00f3n de la Nueva Or\u00e1n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025158-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Philadelphia Athletics season\nWith the debut of the first professional baseball league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, the Athletic Baseball Club of Philadelphia was one of the first clubs to join. The Athletics had been around since 1860 as an amateur club. Led by their captain and pitcher, Dick McBride, the team went 21-7 and won the first NA title during the 1871 season. Philadelphia's third baseman, Levi Meyerle, led the league with a .492 batting average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025158-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025158-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025158-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025158-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025159-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Philadelphia mayoral election\nThe Philadelphia mayoral election of 1871 saw the election of William S. Stokley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025160-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Plymouth by-election\nThe Plymouth by-election of 1871 was held on 22 November 1871. The byelection was fought due to the resignation in order to become a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas of the incumbent Liberal MP, Robert Collier. It was won by the Conservative candidate Edward Bates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025161-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 9 July 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025162-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Quebec general election\nThe 1871 Quebec general election was held in June and July 1871 to elect members of the Second Legislature for the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Quebec Conservative Party, led by Premier Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbini\u00e8re.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025162-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Right to vote\nThe right to vote in elections to the Legislative Assembly was not universal. Only male British subjects (by birth or naturalisation), aged 21 and older, were eligible to vote, and only if they met a property qualification. For residents of cities and towns, the qualification was being the owner, tenant or occupant of real property assessed at three hundred dollars, or at an assessed yearly value of thirty dollars. For residents of townships and parishes, the requirements were either an assessment of two hundred dollars, or an assessed yearly value of twenty dollars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025162-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Right to vote\nWomen were expressly prohibited from voting, \"for any Electoral Division whatever\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025162-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Right to vote\nJudges and many municipal and provincial officials were also barred from voting, particularly officials with duties relating to public revenue. Election officials were also barred from voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025162-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Qualification for the Legislative Assembly\nCandidates for the Legislative Assembly had to meet a significant property qualification. A candidate had to own real property in the Province of Canada, worth at least \u00a3500 in British sterling, over and above any encumbrances on the property.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 97], "content_span": [98, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025162-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 Quebec general election, Electoral map\nThe Legislative Assembly was composed of sixty-five single-member constituencies or \"ridings\". The 1871 election was conducted under the pre-Confederation electoral map of the former Province of Canada. That map had set the boundaries for the sixty-five constituencies of Canada East, which became Quebec. The British North America Act, 1867 provided that the pre-Confederation electoral map would continue to be used for Quebec elections until altered by the Legislature of Quebec. The map of the sixty-five constituencies was also to be used in federal elections, until altered by Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 43], "content_span": [44, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025162-0006-0000", "contents": "1871 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election\nThe 1867 election was conducted under the election laws of the Province of Canada, which had been continued until altered by the Legislature of Quebec. The electoral process of the Province of Canada in turn had been based on the traditional British electoral process, without a secret ballot. Instead, elections were public affairs, with each voter publicly stating the name of the candidate they voted for.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025162-0007-0000", "contents": "1871 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election\nThe election process began with writs of election issued by the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, one for each constituency (also called a \"riding\"). The writ was directed to the Returning Officer for each constituency and required the Returning Officer to hold a public nomination of candidates, and if necessary a poll, on days to be chosen by the Returning Officer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025162-0008-0000", "contents": "1871 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election\nOn the nomination day, the Returning Officer held a public meeting \"in the open air\", at a central place in the constituency, and in a place where the public had access, such as in front of a town hall or church in the constituency. The Returning Officer addressed the assembled members of the public from a platform, called a \"husting\", and called for nominations. If only one person was nominated, the Returning Officer would close the nominations and declare that person elected. If more than one person was nominated, the Returning Officer would grant a poll, to be held at a future date, chosen by the Returning Officer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025162-0009-0000", "contents": "1871 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election\nOn polling day, polls would be held across the constituency. The polls were in held in the open air, or in buildings close to the highways, with free access by the public. It was prohibited to hold a poll in a \"tavern or place of public entertainment\". The Returning Officer would appoint a Deputy Returning Officer for each polling place, normally the town clerk or other municipal official. Each Deputy Returning Officer would have a poll book. Qualified voters would appear before the Deputy Returning Officer and declare how they voted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025162-0009-0001", "contents": "1871 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election\nThe Deputy Returning Officer would record each voter's vote in the poll book. At the close of the polls, the Deputy Returning Officers would deliver the poll books to the Returning Officer. The Returning Officer would then total all of the polls in public, at the place where the nominations had occurred, declare which candidate was elected, and issue a proclamation declaring the election closed. The Returning Officer would then send a report of the election with the return of the writ to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, within fifteen days after the closing of the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025162-0010-0000", "contents": "1871 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election\nThe elections for the sixty-five provincial constituencies were not all conducted on the same day. The writs of election for each constituency gave the Returning Officer the discretion to set the original nomination day, and the subsequent date for the polling, if more than one candidate were nominated. The 1867 election was spread across the months of August and September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025162-0011-0000", "contents": "1871 Quebec general election, Results\nThe election resulted in a Conservative victory. The Conservatives were maintained in office with a strong majority, although a somewhat reduced seat count. The Liberals improved their standings from twelve seats to nineteen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025163-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Queensland colonial election\nElections were held in the Colony of Queensland (now a State of Australia) between 8 July 1871 and 6 September 1871 to elect the members of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025163-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Queensland colonial election, Key dates\nDue to problems of distance and communications, it was not possible to hold the elections on a single day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025164-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Ripon by-election\nThe Ripon by-election of 1871 was held on 15 February 1871. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Lord John Hay. It was won by the Liberal candidate Sir Henry Knight Storks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025165-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Rockford Forest Citys season\nThe Rockford Forest Citys played their first and only season in 1871 as a charter member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished ninth in the league with a record of 4-21. They folded after the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025165-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Rockford Forest Citys season, Regular season\nRockford finished with 4 wins and 21 losses, 15\u00bd games behind the champion Philadelphia Athletics club and good for last place. Player-manager Scott Hastings was found to have violated the \"60 day rule\" implemented by the league\u2014if a player switched teams during the season, the team had to bench him for 60 days before he could play. Hastings had jumped from a Louisiana team to the Forest Citys in the spring and immediately begun playing for Rockford. This complaint was brought before the league, and the Forest Citys were forced to forfeit 4 of their wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025165-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Rockford Forest Citys season, Regular season\nThe star of the team was Cap Anson, who hit .325 for the Forest Citys and would go on to become the player-manager of the Chicago White Stockings for over 20 seasons. Anson was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1939.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025165-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Rockford Forest Citys season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025165-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 Rockford Forest Citys season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025165-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 Rockford Forest Citys season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025165-0006-0000", "contents": "1871 Rockford Forest Citys season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025166-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Roslyn by-election\nThe 1871 Roslyn by-election was a by-election for the electorate of Roslyn in Dunedin on 12 September 1871 during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025166-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Roslyn by-election\nThe by-election resulted from the resignation of the previous member Henry Driver on 15 August 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025166-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Roslyn by-election\nThe by-election was won by Edward McGlashan. Five candidates contested the by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025167-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match\nThe rugby union match played between Scotland and England on 27 March 1871 was the world's first international rugby match, and also the first international match in any code of football. The match was played at Raeburn Place, Edinburgh in front of 4,000 spectators. Scotland won the match, scoring two tries and a goal to England's single try.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025167-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Overview\nThe match resulted from a challenge issued in the sporting weekly Bell's Weekly on 8 December 1870 and signed by the captains of five Scottish clubs, inviting any team \"selected from the whole of England\" to a 20-a-side game to be played under the rugby rules. The game was played at Raeburn Place, Edinburgh, the home ground of Edinburgh Academicals, on 27 March 1871. The English team wore all white, with a red rose on its shirts and the Scots, brown shirts with a thistle and white cricket flannels. Three international matches played according to association football rules had already taken place at the Oval, London, in 1870 and 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025167-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Overview\nThe team representing England was captained by Frederick Stokes of Blackheath, that representing Scotland was led by Francis Moncrieff; the umpires were Hely Hutchinson Almond, headmaster of Loretto School in Scotland, and A. Ward from England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025167-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Overview\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025167-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Overview\nThe game, played over two halves, each of 50 minutes, was won by Scotland, who scored a goal with a successful conversion kick after grounding the ball over the goal line (permitting them to 'try' to kick a goal). Both sides achieved a further 'try' each, but failed to convert them to goals, as the kicks were unsuccessful. Angus Buchanan was the first man to score a try in international rugby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025167-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Overview\nIn a return match at the Kennington Oval, London, in 1872, England were the winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025167-0006-0000", "contents": "1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Results\nScotland: William Davie Brown (Glasgow Academicals), Thomas Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), Alfred Clunies-Ross (St. Andrew's University), Thomas Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), William Cross (Merchistonians), John Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), Francis Moncreiff (Edinburgh Academicals) (capt. ), Angus Buchanan (Royal HSFP), Andrew Galbraith Colville (Merchistonians), Daniel Drew (Glasgow Academicals), William Forsyth (Edinburgh University), James Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), Robert William Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), William John Campbell Lyall (Edinburgh Academicals), James Andrew Whitelock Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), JLH MacFarlane (Edinburgh University), Robert Munro (St. Andrew's University), George Ritchie (Merchistonians), Alexander Hamilton Robertson (West of Scotland), John Shaw Thomson (Glasgow Academicals/St. Andrew's University)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 918]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025167-0007-0000", "contents": "1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Results\nEngland: A. G. Guillemard (West Kent), Richard Osborne (Manchester), Arthur Lyon (Liverpool), William MacLaren (Manchester), John Edmund Bentley (Gipsies), Frank Tobin (Liverpool), JF Green (West Kent), Reg Birkett (Clapham Rovers), Benjamin Burns  (Blackheath), JH Clayton (Liverpool), Charles Arthur Crompton (Blackheath), Alfred Davenport (Ravenscourt Park), JM Dugdale (Ravenscourt Park), AS Gibson (Manchester), Alfred St. George Hamersley (Marlborough Nomads), John Luscombe (Gipsies), Charles Sherrard (Blackheath), Frederick Stokes (Blackheath) (capt. ), DP Turner (Richmond), H.J.C. Turner (Manchester)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025167-0008-0000", "contents": "1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Match summary\nOn 28 March 1871, a report was carried on page 5 of The Glasgow Herald with the title FOOTBALL MATCH - England v Scotland", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 61], "content_span": [62, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025167-0009-0000", "contents": "1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Match summary\nThis great football match was played yesterday, on the Academy Cricket Ground, Edinburgh, with a result most gratifying for Scotland. The weather was fine, and there was a very large turnout of spectators. The competitors were dressed in appropriate costume, the English wearing a white jersey, ornamented by a red rose, and the Scotch brown jersey, with a thistle. Although the good wishes of the spectators went with the Scotch team, yet it was considered that their chances were poor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 61], "content_span": [62, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025167-0009-0001", "contents": "1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Match summary\nThe difference between the two teams was very marked, the English being of a much heavier and stronger build compared to their opponents. The game commenced shortly after three o'clock, the Scotch getting the kick off, and for some time neither side had any advantage. The Scotch, however, succeeded in driving the ball close to the English goal, and, pushing splendidly forward, eventually put it into their opponents' quarters, who, however, prevented any harm accruing by smartly 'touching down\u2019. This result warmed the Englishmen up to their work, and in spite of tremendous opposition they got near the Scotch goal, and kicked the ball past it, but it was cleverly 'touched down' they got no advantage. This finished the first 50 minutes, and the teams changed sides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 61], "content_span": [62, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025167-0010-0000", "contents": "1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Match summary\nFor a considerable time after the change the ball was sent from side to side, and the 'backs' got more work to do. By some lucky runs, however, the Scotch got on to the borders of the English land, and tried to force the ball past the goal. The English strenuously opposed this attempt, and for a time the struggle was terrible, ending in the Scotch 'touching down' in their opponents' ground and becoming entitled to a 'try'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 61], "content_span": [62, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025167-0010-0001", "contents": "1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Match summary\nThis result was received with cheers, which were more heartily renewed when Cross, to whom the 'kick off' was entrusted, made a beautiful goal. This defeat only stirred up the English to fresh efforts, and driving the ball across the field, they managed also to secure a \u2018try\u2019, but unfortunately the man who got the 'kick off' did not allow sufficient windage, and the ball fell short. After this the Scotch became more cautious, and playing well together secured after several attempts a second 'try', but good luck did not attend the 'kick off' and the goal was lost. Time being then declared up the game ceased, the Scotch winning by a goal and a 'try'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 61], "content_span": [62, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025168-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Shoalhaven colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Shoalhaven on 21 August 1871 because Thomas Garrett resigned to accept appointment as a police magistrate at Berrima.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025169-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 South Australian colonial election\nColonial elections were held in South Australia from 14 December to 27 December 1871. All 36 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025169-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 South Australian colonial election\nSince the inaugural 1857 election, no parties or solid groupings had been formed, which resulted in frequent changes of the Premier. If for any reason the incumbent Premier of South Australia lost sufficient support through a successful motion of no confidence at any time on the floor of the house, he would tender his resignation to the Governor of South Australia, which would result in interested members declaring their intent to run for the vacant position. A parliamentary ballot would then take place, resulting in the member with the most votes being sworn in by the Governor as the next Premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025169-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 South Australian colonial election\nInformal groupings began and increased government stability occurred from the 1887 election. The United Labor Party would be formed in 1891, while the National Defence League would be formed later in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025170-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 South Norfolk by-election\nThe South Norfolk by-election of 1871 was fought on 17 April 1871. The byelection was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Edward Howes. It was won by the Conservative candidate Sir Robert Jacob Buxton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025171-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Spanish general election\nGeneral elections to the Cortes Generales were held in Spain on the 8 March 1871. At stake were all 391 seats in the Congress of Deputies. The Progressive-Liberal coalition won the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025171-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Spanish general election, History\nGeneral elections of Spain of 1871 were held on March 8 under universal male suffrage. The elections were the first held during the brief reign of Amadeo I, once the Constitution of 1869 was approved. Francisco Serrano y Dom\u00ednguez, a member of the Liberal Union (part of the Progressive-Liberal coalition), was the prime minister before the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025172-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 St. Louis tornado\nThe 1871 St. Louis tornado was an F3 tornado that touched down in St. Louis, Missouri on Wednesday, March 8, 1871, at 3:00pm. It traveled east-northeast at 70 miles per hour (113\u00a0km/h), cutting a swath up to 250 yards (229\u00a0m) wide and 5 miles (8\u00a0km) long into East St. Louis, Illinois. The tornado was on the ground for 3 minutes. A total of 30 homes were destroyed and 30 severely damaged. Six railroad depots were destroyed with eight deaths in them. One death occurred on a bridge. Overall, 9\u00a0people were killed, 60 injured, and $1,500,000 damage occurred. It is one of four tornadoes (1896, 1927, 1959) that have ripped through the central business district of St. Louis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025173-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Stalybridge by-election\nThe Stalybridge by-election of 1871 was fought on 1 March 1871. The byelection was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, James Sidebottom. It was won by the Liberal candidate Nathaniel Buckley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025174-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Tamworth by-election\nThe Tamworth by-election of 1871 was fought on 28 March 1871. The byelection was fought due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Henry Bulwer. It was won by the Liberal candidate John Peel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025175-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Troy Haymakers season\nThe Troy Haymakers played their first season in 1871 as a charter member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished sixth in the league with a record of 13\u201315.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025175-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Troy Haymakers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025175-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Troy Haymakers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025175-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Troy Haymakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025175-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 Troy Haymakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025176-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Truro by-election\nThe Truro by-election of 1871 was held on 13 September 1871. The byelection was fought when the incumbent Liberal MP, John Cranch Walker Vivian, resigned to become Permanent Under-Secretary of State for War. It was won by the Conservative candidate James McGarel-Hogg. The Conservatives retained their gain at the 1874 UK general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025177-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 United Kingdom census\nThe United Kingdom Census 1871 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland carried out on Sunday 2 April 1871. It added the categories of \"lunatic\" and \"imbecile\" to those recorded as infirm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025178-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Giraffer (talk | contribs) at 07:45, 18 June 2020 (Adding short description: \"1871 House elections in California\" (Shortdesc helper)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025178-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1871 were elections for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred on September 6, 1871. Republicans gained both Democratic districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025178-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results\nFinal results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [69, 76], "content_span": [77, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025179-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nThe 1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held on January 17, 1871. Incumbent Republican Senator Henry Wilson was re-elected easily to a third term as a member of the Republican Party. Wilson would not finish the term, since he was elected Vice President of the United States in 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025179-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nAt the time, Massachusetts elected United States senators by a majority vote of each separate house of the Massachusetts General Court, the House and the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025179-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background\nAt the time, the Massachusetts legislature was dominated the Republican Party, whose members held nearly every seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025179-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, Republican caucus\nOn January 16, the Republican Party convened in a caucus to renominated Wilson for his third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 82], "content_span": [83, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025179-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, Republican caucus\nA caucus opposed to Wilson voted against a motion to nominate Wendell Phillips by 6 votes to 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 82], "content_span": [83, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025179-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election in the House\nOn January 17, the House voted for Wilson's re-election and sent the vote to the Senate for ratification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 74], "content_span": [75, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025179-0006-0000", "contents": "1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election in the Senate\nOn January 20, the State Senate convened and ratified Wilson's re-election by an overwhelming margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 75], "content_span": [76, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025180-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Victorian football season\nThe 1871 Victorian football season was an Australian rules football competition played during the winter of 1871. The season consisted of matches between football clubs in the colony of Victoria. The Carlton Football Club was the premier club for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025180-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season\nFour clubs participated in senior football during the 1870 season: Albert-park, Carlton, Melbourne and South Yarra.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025180-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season\nThe formal practice of senior clubs playing matches at odds against junior clubs was established during the season. In matches played at odds, the senior team fielded fifteen players and the junior team fielded twenty players. Matches played at odds were quite competitive: the premier club Carlton was unbeaten at even strength against senior clubs, but lost two of five matches played at odds. Three metropolitan junior clubs \u2013 Collingwood, Richmond and Carlton United \u2013 played against the senior clubs during the year. Senior clubs also played matches against provincial clubs Ballarat (at odds) and Geelong (even strength) during the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025180-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season\nDuring the 1871 season, the senior clubs competed in specific matches for the Challenge Cup; and, separately, a premier team was selected based on all matches during the season, including Challenge Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025180-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Challenge Cup\nThe Challenge Cup which South Yarra had put up for contest at the start of the 1870 season was returned by Albert-park to South Yarra at the end of the year, following the dispute over whether or not Albert-park had formally won it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025180-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Challenge Cup\nSouth Yarra opted to put the trophy up for contest again in 1871. Albert-park declined to contest it, although it continued to play senior games against the other clubs. The remaining clubs \u2013 Carlton, Melbourne and South Yarra \u2013 decided that each club would play the others three times during the season, and the top two would play a single playoff match for the Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025180-0006-0000", "contents": "1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Challenge Cup\nThis meant that the Cup was being contested in a league-type competition, and by traditional definitions was no longer a Challenge Cup with a perpetual holder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025180-0007-0000", "contents": "1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Challenge Cup\nTwo of the three Carlton-Melbourne matches were postponed by four weeks due to rain, while the two unplayed Carlton-South Yarra matches were scratched as they would have had no effect on the outcome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025180-0008-0000", "contents": "1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Challenge Cup\nWith this victory in the Grand Final (the first of its kind in history), Carlton claimed undisputed and permanent ownership of the South Yarra Challenge Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025180-0009-0000", "contents": "1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Premiership\nIn addition to winning the Challenge Cup, Carlton was adjudged premiers for the season, and Melbourne were runners-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025180-0010-0000", "contents": "1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Premiership\nThe two clubs were the dominant senior clubs in the colony, and the premiership was mostly determined based on the win-loss record in matches between the two: their four matches, including the Challenge Cup Grand Final, yielded one win for Carlton, two draws, and one disputed match (claimed as a win by Melbourne and as a draw by Carlton).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025180-0011-0000", "contents": "1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Premiership\nAlbert-park was third, having failed to defeat Carlton or Melbourne, but having beaten South Yarra (winless since 1868 in senior matches) during the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025180-0012-0000", "contents": "1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Premiership\nCarlton's and Melbourne's overall records as reported at each club's annual meeting in 1872 (reporting different results for the disputed match between the teams) are given below. The Senior results include the Challenge Cup final, and matches Carlton and Melbourne played against Geelong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025181-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Washington Olympics season\nThe Washington Olympics played their first season in 1871 as a charter member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished fourth in the league with a record of 15-15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025181-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Washington Olympics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025181-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Washington Olympics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025181-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Washington Olympics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025182-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 West Norfolk by-election\nThe West Norfolk by-election of 1871 was held on 8 February 1871. The by-election was held due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP Thomas de Grey. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate George Bentinck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025183-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 West Staffordshire by-election\nThe West Staffordshire by-election of 1871 was fought on 13 June 1871. The byelection was fought due to the Death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Hugo Francis Meynell Ingram. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate Francis Monckton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025184-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Westmeath by-election\nThe Westmeath by-election of 1871 was fought on 17 June 1871. The byelection was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, William Pollard-Urquhart. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Patrick James Smyth, who was unopposed. The gain was retained at the 1874 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025185-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Westmorland by-election\nThe Westmorland by-election of 1871 was fought on 21 February 1871. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Thomas Taylor becoming Baron Kenlis and so losing his House of Commons seat due to his elevation to the House of Lords. It was won by his son Thomas Taylor, who stood unopposed as the Conservative candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025186-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1871 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1871. Republican Party Cadwallader C. Washburn was elected with 53% of the vote, defeating Democratic candidate James Rood Doolittle. Incumbent Governor Lucius Fairchild did not seek re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025186-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nBoth major party candidates in this election had served as delegates to the Peace Conference of 1861 which attempted to avert the American Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025186-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Democratic Party\nJames Rood Doolittle had served twelve years as a Republican United States Senator before becoming the Democratic Party's nominee for Governor in the 1871 election. Prior to his service in the U.S. Senate, Doolittle had been a Wisconsin Circuit Court Judge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025186-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Republican Party\nCadwallader C. Washburn had just left office as Congressman for Wisconsin's 6th congressional district, having served a total of ten years in the United States House of Representatives. Between his years in Congress, Washburn had served as a Union Army general in the Civil War under Ulysses S. Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025187-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 York by-election\nThe York by-election of 1868 was a by-election held in England on 14 February 1871 for the House of Commons constituency of York. It was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Joshua Proctor Brown Westhead. It was won by the unopposed Liberal candidate George Leeman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025188-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 college football season\nThe 1871 college football season is the only year since the first season in 1869 in which no games were played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025188-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 college football season\nPrinceton did play several games against a Princeton Theological Seminary team in 1871, although the Tigers considered these \"practice\" (or exhibition) games, and the general convention is not to count these as official games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025188-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 college football season\nOnly two college football games had been played in each of the previous seasons (1869 and 1870) by only three teams (Rutgers, Princeton, and Columbia).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025188-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 college football season\nBecause no games were played, 1871 is the only year since college football play began in which no college football national champion has been named, retroactively or otherwise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025190-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1871 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025191-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025191-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1871 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025191-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1871 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025194-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 in Canada, Historical documents\nEditorial says Confederation is British Columbia's chance to remake itself", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025194-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 in Canada, Historical documents\nCanada should refuse to permanently share its inshore fishery with U.S.A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025194-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 in Canada, Historical documents\nManitoba Lieutenant Governor Archibald agrees to release four Indigenous prisoners before negotiating Treaty 1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025194-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 in Canada, Historical documents\nArchibald urges Indigenous people to \"adopt the habits of the whites\" (farming) for more comfort and safety from famine and sickness", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025194-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 in Canada, Historical documents\nCommissioner Simpson says in Manitoba's \"immense cultivable acres,\" large reserves are not allowed, and treaty terms are \"a present\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025194-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 in Canada, Historical documents\nTreaty terms with large reserves are demanded by Indigenous leaders, with one calling himself \"the lawful owner\" of his people's land", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025194-0006-0000", "contents": "1871 in Canada, Historical documents\nIndigenous leaders continue to make \"extravagant demands\" and Commissioner Simpson says take it or leave it, settlers are coming", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025194-0007-0000", "contents": "1871 in Canada, Historical documents\nManitoba Lieutenant Governor thanks residents for rising to resist the Fenian invasion", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025195-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1871 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025203-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1871 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025203-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nThe 1871 election takes place between 14 January and 1 February. The 5th New Zealand Parliament commences.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025203-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\n1 February \u2013 M\u0101ori elections are held for the first time in conjunction with a general election, although the first M\u0101ori MPs had been elected in 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025203-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 in New Zealand, Sport, Athletics\nThe first amateur club is formed, in South Canterbury. Professional athletics is already well established.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025207-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1871 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025209-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1871 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025213-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 in association football\nThe following are events in 1871 which are relevant to the development of association football. Included are events in closely related codes, such as the Sheffield Rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025214-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1871  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025214-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 in baseball, National Association final standings\nThe tenth founding member, the National club of Washington, did not enter a team for the championship until 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 54], "content_span": [55, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025215-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025217-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 in paleontology\nPaleontology, palaeontology or pal\u00e6ontology (from Greek: paleo, \"ancient\"; ontos, \"being\"; and logos, \"knowledge\") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025218-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 in poetry\nDid gyre and gimble in the wabe;All mimsy were the borogoves,And the mome raths outgrabe. \"Beware the Jabberwock, my son! The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025218-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 in poetry\n\u2014 From Lewis Carroll's \"Jabberwocky\", published as part of Through the Looking Glass", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025218-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025218-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 in poetry, Works published in English, United Kingdom\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 58], "content_span": [59, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025218-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025218-0005-0000", "contents": "1871 in poetry, Deaths\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025219-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025220-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 in science\nThe year 1871 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025221-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 in sports\n1871 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025224-0000-0000", "contents": "1871 \u00e5rs fattigv\u00e5rdf\u00f6rordning\n1871 \u00e5rs fattigv\u00e5rdf\u00f6rordning (English: Poor Relief Regulation of 1871) was a Swedish Poor Law which organized the public Poor relief in the Sweden. It replaced the 1847 \u00e5rs fattigv\u00e5rdf\u00f6rordning and was in effect until the Poor Care Law of 1918.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025224-0001-0000", "contents": "1871 \u00e5rs fattigv\u00e5rdf\u00f6rordning\nIn 1847, the first Swedish social help system separate from the church had been organized by the 1847 \u00e5rs fattigv\u00e5rdf\u00f6rordning. It was adjusted only to a very minor degree by the 1853 \u00e5rs fattigv\u00e5rdf\u00f6rordning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025224-0002-0000", "contents": "1871 \u00e5rs fattigv\u00e5rdf\u00f6rordning\nThe rapid changes during the mid 19th-century, including industrialisation, urbanization, labour movement and socialism, created an opposition toward public social projects among the ruling elite, who came to regard them as communism. The law from 1847, which was influenced by the liberalism of the 1840s, came to be regarded as too generous, and gradually the authorities came to practice it more and more strictly. This was illustrated during the Swedish famine of 1867\u20131869, when emergency relief was delivered almost exclusively to those willing to work for it. A growing opinion felt that society should take responsibility only for orphans, the aged, the insane and the mentally or physically challenged, and deny any form of assistance to all adults who were physically and mentally healthy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 829]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025224-0003-0000", "contents": "1871 \u00e5rs fattigv\u00e5rdf\u00f6rordning\nIn 1871, the law of 1847 was reformed. While the organisation and the system introduced in 1847 was kept in form, the law of 1871 introduced more strict qualifications as to whom should be allowed to receive social benefits. By this reform, social benefits was banned for everyone except for those physically or mentally unable to work, such as orphans, the aged, the insane and the mentally or physically challenged, and further more banned the right to appeal a decision made by the Poor Care Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025224-0003-0001", "contents": "1871 \u00e5rs fattigv\u00e5rdf\u00f6rordning\nThe law of 1871 was thereby a severe deterioration of social help in Sweden, and those needing no longer qualified to apply for help from the state because of the new regulations was forced to rely on private charity (foremost the local Fruntimmers-skyddsf\u00f6rening) as well as old outdated customs such as roteg\u00e5ng, the pauper auction and child auctions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025224-0004-0000", "contents": "1871 \u00e5rs fattigv\u00e5rdf\u00f6rordning\nIt was not until the Poor Care Law of 1918 (1918 \u00e5rs fattigv\u00e5rdslag) that the entire poor relief system in Sweden was truly reformed and the roteg\u00e5ng, the pauper auctions, the child auctions, the poor houses and other old fashioned phenomena were abolished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025225-0000-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 Barnes F.C. season\nThis was the tenth season of Barnes Football Club. Barnes participated in the first season of the F.A. Cup, but were unable to progress further than the second round. The club was eliminated by Hampstead Heathens after a replay, despite playing both matches at home with a man advantage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0000-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup\nThe 1871\u201372 Football Association Challenge Cup was the first staging of the Football Association Challenge Cup, usually known in the modern era as the FA Cup, the oldest association football competition in the world. Fifteen of the association's fifty member clubs entered the first competition, although three withdrew without playing a game. In the final, held at Kennington Oval in London on 16 March 1872, Wanderers beat the Royal Engineers by a single goal, scored by Morton Betts, who was playing under the pseudonym A. H. Chequer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0001-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Background\nThe Football Association, the governing body of the sport in England, had been formed in 1863, but for the first eight years of its existence, its member clubs played only friendly matches against each other, with no prizes at stake. In 1871, however, Charles Alcock, the association's secretary, conceived the idea for a knock-out tournament open to all member clubs, with a trophy to be awarded to the winners. Alcock's inspiration came from his days at Harrow School, where the houses which comprised the school competed each year for the title of \"Cock House\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 26], "content_span": [27, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0002-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Rules\nThe rules of the competition stipulated that each team should consist of eleven players, and that each match should last 90 minutes (at this time, the Laws of the Game did not specify these matters). They made no provision for extra time. When a match was drawn after 90 minutes, there would either be a replay, or both teams would be allowed to proceed to the next round; the choice between these alternatives was left to the organising committee's discretion in each case. Matches were officiated by two umpires, one provided by each team: following disputes over the laws in the earlier rounds of the competition, a neutral referee was added in the later rounds", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0003-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Rules\nAt this time, changes in the laws of the game came into force immediately. Thus the  were used for most of the competition, but the , which introduced the corner kick and the free kick for handball, were used for the last two matches (the final and the semi-final replay between Royal Engineers and Crystal Palace).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0004-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Format\nFirst Round: 14 teams (with Hampstead Heathens getting a bye) would play against a different team. The seven winners would advance. Hitchin, Crystal Palace, Queen's Park and Donington School all advanced because of either a draw or the match not being played", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0005-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Format\nSecond Round: The remaining 10 teams would play. The 5 winners would move on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0006-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Format\nThird Round: 4 teams would play, Queen's Park would advance to the Semi-Final without even playing a single match", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0007-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Format\nSemi-Final: With Crystal Palace and Royal Engineers drawing in the Third Round, they would both advance. The four teams all had to replay. The winners all advanced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0008-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Format\nFinal: The two remaining teams would play at the Kennington Oval. The winner would be crowned Champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0009-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Results\nFifty clubs were eligible to enter, but only twelve chose to do so: Barnes, Civil Service, Clapham Rovers, Crystal Palace, Hampstead Heathens, Harrow Chequers, Harrow School, Lausanne, Royal Engineers, Upton Park, Wanderers and Windsor Home Park. Before the first round took place, however, Harrow School, Lausanne and Windsor Home Park all withdrew, reducing the number of entrants to nine. Six other clubs agreed to enter, however, including the leading club in Scotland, Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 23], "content_span": [24, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0010-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Results\nMost of the original entrants are now defunct. Queen's Park continued to compete in the FA Cup until 1887, when the Scottish Football Association banned its member clubs from entering the English competition. They are still active in the lower divisions of the Scottish Professional Football League. Marlow and Maidenhead (now Maidenhead United) are still active, and each has only missed a single season in the history of the competition. A team from the Civil Service still exists, playing in Amateur Football Alliance competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 23], "content_span": [24, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0010-0001", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Results\nThe Crystal Palace team from 1871\u201372 was thought to be a defunct former amateur club, but historians have found links to the Crystal Palace professional club which exists today, although this has still to be officially ratified. The team from Hitchin in the 1870s reformed to become the modern Hitchin Town in 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 23], "content_span": [24, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0011-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Results\nThe leading Scottish club Queen's Park entered the competition and managed to reach the semi-finals without having to play a match, due to a combination of an inability to agree venue, opponents withdrawing from the competition and byes. After holding Wanderers to a draw in the semi-final, however, they could not afford to return to London for a replay and were themselves forced to withdraw, giving their opponents a walkover into the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 23], "content_span": [24, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0012-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, First round\nAlthough there were seven matches scheduled in the first round, only four took place. Wanderers and Royal Engineers both won their matches by walkover when their opponents withdrew from the competition, and as Queen's Park and Donington School were unable to agree on a mutually acceptable date for the game, they were both allowed to progress to the second round without playing. Due to there being an odd number of entrants, Hampstead Heathens were awarded a bye to the second round. Barnes beat a Civil Service team consisting of only eight players. The first goal in FA Cup competition was scored by Jarvis Kenrick of Clapham Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0013-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, First round\nQueen's Park and Donington School were both permitted to advance to the second round because they could not agree on a venue. Hitchin and Crystal Palace were both permitted to advance to the second round without a replay being played", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0014-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Second round\nIn the second round Queen's Park and Donington School were again drawn together. This time the school club withdrew from the competition altogether, meaning that Queen's Park progressed to the quarter-final, still without having played a match. At Kennington Oval, The Royal Engineers easily beat a Hitchin team that could muster only eight players. The match between Barnes and Hampstead Heathens ended in a draw after bad light stopped play. The committee ordered a replay (the first in FA Cup history), with the Heathens emerging victorious, despite playing both matches away from home and with only ten players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0015-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Third round\nDue to there being an odd number of teams left in the competition, Queen's Park received a bye and thus reached the semi-finals without having played a match in the competition. The match between Wanderers and Crystal Palace finished in a draw; both teams were allowed through to the semi-finals. Royal Engineers completed the semi-final line-up after beating Hampstead Heathens. The Heathens never again entered the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0016-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Third round\nWanderers and Crystal Palace were both permitted to advance to the semi-finals without a replay", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0017-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Semi-finals\nAll matches from this stage of the competition onwards were played at Kennington Oval in London. Both semi-finals finished in goalless draws and thus went to replays. Queen's Park, however, could not afford to make the long trip from Glasgow a second time and thus withdrew from the competition, giving Wanderers a place in the final. Wanderers proposed thirty minutes of extra time to settle the match, but Queen's Park refused. Royal Engineers secured the second place in the final by defeating Crystal Palace at the second attempt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025226-0018-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 FA Cup, Final\nThe final took place at Kennington Oval between Wanderers and Royal Engineers. The Engineers were leading exponents of the tactic of passing the ball, which at the time was known as the \"Combination Game\" and considered extremely innovative at a time when most teams relied solely on dribbling. Despite this, Wanderers dominated the game and won 1\u20130 with a goal from Morton Betts. For unclear reasons, Betts played in the final under the pseudonym \"A.H. Chequer\", derived from his membership of the Harrow Chequers club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025227-0000-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 Home Nations rugby union matches\nThere was a single international friendly between the England and Scotland national rugby union teams in the 1871\u201372 season. With no other recognised rugby union teams in Great Britain or the rest of the world, the encounter between Scotland and England represented the only possible match that could be arranged, and would continue as such until 1875, when Ireland formed their national team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025227-0001-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 Home Nations rugby union matches, Results, Scoring system\nMatches in this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025227-0002-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nEngland: A. G. Guillemard (West Kent), Frederick Mills (Marlborough Nomads), William Moberly (Ravenscourt Park), Harold Freeman (Marlborough Nomads), John Edmund Bentley (Gipsies), Stephen Finney (I.C.E. College), Percival Wilkinson (Law Club), Thomas Batson (Blackheath), James Body  (Gipsies), James Bush (Clifton), Frederick Currey (Marlborough Nomads), D'Aguilar (Royal Engineers), Alfred St. George Hamersley (Marlborough Nomads), Francis Isherwood (Ravenscourt Park), Francis Luscombe (Gipsies), James Mackinlay (St George's Hospital), William Wyatt Pinching (Guy's Hospital), Charles Sherrard (Royal Engineers), Frederick Stokes (Blackheath) capt., Dawson Turner (Richmond)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025227-0003-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nScotland: WD Brown (Glasgow Academicals), T Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), LM Balfour (Edinburgh Academicals), TR Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), RP Maitland (Royal Artillery), JW Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), FJ Moncreiff (Edinburgh Academicals) capt., William Cross (Merchistonians), J Anderson (West of Scotland), EM Bannerman (Edinburgh Academicals), CW Cathcart (Edinburgh University), Andrew Galbraith Colville (Merchistonians), JF Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), RW Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), W Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), JLH MacFarlane (Edinburgh University), JH McClure (West of Scotland), FT Maxwell (Royal Engineers), JAW Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), Henry Renny-Tailyour (Royal Engineers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025228-0000-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 Queen's Park F.C. season\nThe 1871\u201372 season was the first season of competitive football by Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025228-0001-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 Queen's Park F.C. season, Overview\nQueen's Park were one of 14 teams to enter the first edition of the FA Cup in 1871\u201372. The club would go on to reach the semi-finals without playing a match due to a combination of an inability to agree on a venue, opponents withdrawing from the competition and byes. After drawing with Wanderers at a neutral venue in London, Queen's were forced to withdraw as they could not afford to return to London for a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025228-0002-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 Queen's Park F.C. season, Overview\nDuring the club's early years, the team would play in dark blue shirts, grey shorts and black socks. The now traditional black and white hoops weren't introduced until October 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025229-0000-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 in English football\nThe 1871\u201372 season was the first season of competitive association football in England. The Football Association introduced their Football Association Challenge Cup (now better known as the FA Cup), a knockout tournament which is the world's oldest national-level football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025229-0001-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 in English football, FA Cup\nThe competition began on 11 November 1871 when four matches were played. Fifteen clubs had entered but three of those withdrew so there were just twelve actual participants. They included the leading Scottish club, Queen's Park of Glasgow who reached the semi-final in which they drew 0\u20130 with the eventual winners Wanderers. A replay was required but Queen's Park could not afford the travel costs and withdrew. The other semi-final between Royal Engineers and the original Crystal Palace was also drawn and the Engineers won the replay 3\u20130. The first-ever final was won by Wanderers who defeated Royal Engineers 1\u20130 at Kennington Oval in south London. The goal was scored by Morton Betts after 15 minutes' play. Under the original rules of the competition, Wanderers automatically qualified for the next season's final to defend their trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 880]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025229-0002-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 in English football, Representative matches\nDuring the course of the season, two matches between teams representing England and Scotland were played at the Kennington Oval. The first was on 18 November 1871 and England won 2\u20131 with both goals scored by Robert Walker in the first half. Scotland's scorer, near the end of the match, was Henry Renny-Tailyour. The second match was on 24 February 1872 and England won 1\u20130 with a goal by Charlie Clegg midway through the first half. The crowd was less than a thousand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025229-0003-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 in English football, Representative matches\nThese matches are no longer recognised as full internationals because the Scotland team consisted entirely of Anglo-Scots based in the London area, so there were no Scottish residents or players from Scottish clubs. Nevertheless, the games were the forerunners of international football which began the following season when the first official match was played in Glasgow on 30 November 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025229-0004-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 in English football, Honours\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's tournament record as winners/runners-up.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025230-0000-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 in Scottish football\nSeason 1871\u201372 marked the first occasion in which any football team from Scotland participated in official competition, either at club or international level, when Queen's Park, the foremost club of the day, entered the inaugural FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025230-0001-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 in Scottish football, Overview\nThe foundation of Queen's Park in 1867 had begun to put football, which had persisted in various wholly unorganised recreational forms for centuries, on a more organised basis. A number of other clubs had come into being, occasionally playing challenge matches against each other, but as yet no governing body for the game or organised competitions existed within Scotland. In England, the Football Association (FA) had been in existence since 1863, and in 1871\u201372 it staged the first ever FA Cup competition. As it was not yet apparent that the FA and its Cup would become primarily English (as opposed to British even worldwide), Queen's Park were invited to enter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025230-0002-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 in Scottish football, Overview\nOn the international front, official and fully representative matches had yet to be organised. A series of \"England v Scotland\" matches in London organised by C. W. Alcock had begun in 1870, however the Scottish sides were almost entirely selected from London residents, these matches are not officially recognised. It would be November 1872 before the first recognised international fixture took place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025230-0003-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 in Scottish football, FA Cup\nWithout any precedents to draw on, the first FA Cup was organised on a haphazard basis, as illustrated by Queen's Park's progress. They were drawn in the first round to play Donington School from Lincolnshire, the only other entrants from outwith the Home Counties, but when the clubs were unable to agree a date for the fixture, the FA permitted both to progress to the next round. This time they were paired again, but Donington withdrew from the competition. With five teams left in the competition, Queen's were awarded a bye into the semi-finals, still without having played a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025230-0004-0000", "contents": "1871\u201372 in Scottish football, FA Cup\nThe semi-final draw paired Queen's Park with Wanderers, and after raising money by public subscription the Scots travelled to London, where a goalless draw was secured at Kennington Oval. Queen's, however, could not afford to extend their stay long enough for the tie to be replayed and were forced to withdraw from the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025231-0000-0000", "contents": "1872\n1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1872nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 872nd  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 72nd  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  3rd   year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1872, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025232-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Aberdeen by-election\nThe Aberdeen by-election of 1872 was fought on 29 June 1872. The election occurred as a result of the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, William Henry Sykes. It was won by the \"Moderate Liberal\" candidate John Farley Leith against the official Liberal candidate James William Barclay, whose reputation as a Radical led to a split in the local party", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025233-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1872 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1872, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama. Republican David P. Lewis, a former Confederate Congressman, won the election, which would mark the last time until 1986 in which a Republican was elected Governor of Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025234-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1872 Atlantic hurricane season was quiet, lasting from mid-summer through mid-autumn. There were five tropical cyclones, of which four attained hurricane status. However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. Of the known 1872 cyclones, significant changes were made to the tracks of Hurricane Two and Hurricane Four in 1995 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz, who also proposed smaller changes to the known track of Hurricane Three. Further analysis, in 2003, revised the track of Hurricane Five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 853]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025234-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) recognizes five tropical cyclones for the 1872 season. Four storms attained hurricane status, with winds of 75\u00a0mph (119\u00a0km/h) or greater. Only two of the systems directly impacted land. The second hurricane of the season, was the most intense, with maximum sustained winds up to 100\u00a0mph (170\u00a0km/h). The first storm of the season was a tropical storm that developed in the Gulf of Mexico on July\u00a09 and made landfall along the US Gulf coast before dissipating over Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025234-0001-0001", "contents": "1872 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nHurricane Two, the strongest storm of the season, traveled across the Atlantic from Cape Verde to Newfoundland between August\u00a020 and September\u00a01. Hurricane Three grew from a tropical storm that formed east of the Lesser Antilles. It traveled north and developed into a hurricane, but never made landfall and was last observed on September\u00a019. Hurricane Four also never made landfall. Growing from a tropical storm first seen south-west of the Cape Verde Islands, it traveled across the Atlantic and was last seen near the Azores on October\u00a06. The final storm of the season began as a tropical storm in the Gulf of Mexico on October\u00a022. It crossed the Florida peninsula and hit South Carolina as a category 1 hurricane. It was last sighted on October\u00a027.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025234-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nTropical Storm One formed in the central Gulf of Mexico on July\u00a09. Tropical Storm One struck Louisiana and Mississippi before being last seen over Tennessee on July\u00a013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025234-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nHurricane Two formed near Cape Verde on August\u00a020. Hurricane Two headed across the Atlantic but then curved north and passed near Bermuda. Hurricane Two persisted until it was last seen near Newfoundland on September\u00a02.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025234-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nOn September\u00a09, a tropical storm was observed east of the Lesser Antilles. Over the following two days, it moved slowly north-northwestward through the islands, before reaching hurricane status on September\u00a012. It turned more toward the north, and passed east of Bermuda on September\u00a015. It was last observed on September\u00a019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025234-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nA tropical storm formed on September\u00a030 to the southwest of the Cape Verde islands. It tracked northwestward for several days, reaching hurricane status on October\u00a03. Two days later it curved to the northeast, and the hurricane was last observed on October\u00a06 near the Azores.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025234-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nIn the southern Gulf of Mexico, a tropical storm developed on October\u00a022. It crossed Florida from Cedar Key to Jacksonville as a 60\u00a0mph\u00a0(97\u00a0km/h) tropical storm, and hit South Carolina as a minimal hurricane. It caused 4-8\u00a0inches of rain in the Norfolk area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025235-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Baltic Sea flood\nThe 1872 Baltic Sea flood (German: Ostseesturmhochwasser 1872), often referred to as a storm flood, ravaged the Baltic Sea coast from Denmark to Pomerania, also affecting Sweden, during the night between 12 and 13 November 1872 and was, until then, the worst storm surge in the Baltic. The highest recorded peak water level was about 3.3\u00a0m above sea level (NN).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025235-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Baltic Sea flood, Course\nIn the days before the storm tide, a storm blew from the southwest across the Baltic that drove the sea towards Finland and Balticum. The result was flooding there and extreme low water levels on the Danish-German coastlines. As a result, large quantities of water were able to flow into the western Baltic from the North Sea. The storm increased in strength, and changed direction. The winds now blew from the northeast, and drove the water masses back in a south-westerly direction. Because the water could only flow slowly back into the North Sea, huge waves caught coastal dwellers by surprise on the morning of 13 November 1872 and caused floods over a metre high in coastal towns and villages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025235-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Baltic Sea flood, Short-term impact\nOf all the German coastal settlements, Eckernf\u00f6rde was most heavily damaged due to its location on the Bay of Eckernf\u00f6rde which was wide open to the northeast. The entire town was flooded, 78 houses were destroyed, 138 damaged and 112 families became homeless. In Mecklenburg and West Pomerania 32 people lost their lives on land due to the floods. The Danish island of Lolland, which still has areas enclosed by dykes today that lie below sea level, was badly hit. In the Greifswald village of Wieck almost all the buildings were destroyed and nine people drowned. Houses were rubbled as far as the centre of Greifswald. Peenem\u00fcnde was completely swamped. On Falster 52 died; on Lolland 28.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 40], "content_span": [41, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025235-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Baltic Sea flood, Short-term impact\nIn all the flood cost the lives of at least 271 people on the Baltic Sea coast; 2,850 houses were destroyed or at least badly damaged and 15,160 people left homeless as a result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 40], "content_span": [41, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025235-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Baltic Sea flood, Long-term impact\nAs a result of this disaster, which also flooded large parts of Prerow on the Dar\u00df, the Prerower Strom, which had hitherto separated the island of Zingst from Dar\u00df, silted up. In 1874, the Prerow-Strom was finally filled in and protected with a dyke; Zingst thus became a peninsula.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025235-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 Baltic Sea flood, Long-term impact\nThe Koserower Damerow was destroyed and the island of Usedom near Koserow split in two. Following a further flood in February 1874, in which the remains of the buildings were destroyed and a layer of sand up to 60\u00a0cm thick left behind, Damerow was abandoned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025235-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 Baltic Sea flood, Classification\nThis flood counts statistically as a 100-year flood. A storm flood of similar dimensions today would cause far more damage because the coastal region is much more densely populated than at that time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 37], "content_span": [38, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025236-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Baltimore Canaries season\nThe Baltimore Canaries played their first season in 1872 as a member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished second in the league with a record of 35-19. Outfielder Lip Pike led the NA in home runs, with 7, and runs batted in, with 60. Pitcher Bobby Mathews paced the circuit in strikeouts. Baltimore's other pitcher, Cherokee Fisher, led in earned run average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025236-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Baltimore Canaries season\nSeveral of the team's players were later suspended from baseball for fixing games; Bill Craver, George Hall, and Dick Higham were banned for life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025236-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Baltimore Canaries season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025236-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Baltimore Canaries season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025236-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Baltimore Canaries season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025237-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Bedfordshire by-election\nThe Bedfordshire by-election of 1872 was fought on 27 June 1872. The byelection was fought due to the Succession to a peerage of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Francis Russell. It was won by the Liberal candidate Francis Bassett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025238-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Belgian general election\nPartial general elections were held in Belgium on Tuesday 11 June 1872. In the elections for the Chamber of Representatives the result was a victory for the Catholic Party, which won 71 of the 124 seats. Voter turnout was 55.5%, although only 54,933 people were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025238-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Belgian general election\nUnder the alternating system, elections were only held in five out of the nine provinces: Antwerp, Brabant, Luxembourg, Namur and West Flanders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025238-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Belgian general election\nThe incumbent government was a Catholic government led by Jules Malou.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025238-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Belgian general election, Results, Chamber of Representatives\nThe results exclude the voting figures for the Nivelles constituency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 66], "content_span": [67, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025239-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Birthday Honours\nThe 1872 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 31 May 1872 and 4 June 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025239-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025240-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Boston Red Stockings season\nThe 1872 Boston Red Stockings season was the second season of the franchise. They won the National Association championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025240-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Boston Red Stockings season\nManaged by Harry Wright, Boston finished with a record of 39\u20138 to win the pennant by 7.5 games. Pitcher Al Spalding started all 48 of the Red Stockings' games and led the NA with 38 wins. Second baseman Ross Barnes won the league batting title with a .430 batting average. Harry Wright, Al Spalding, and shortstop George Wright have all been elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025240-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025240-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025240-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025240-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025241-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1872 saw the election of Henry L. Pierce, who narrowly unseated incumbent mayor William Gaston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025242-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Brooklyn Atlantics season\nThe Brooklyn Atlantics played their first  season of professional baseball in 1872 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players after many years as a successful amateur team. They finished sixth in the league with a record of 9-28.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025242-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Brooklyn Atlantics season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025243-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Brooklyn Eckfords season\nThe Brooklyn Eckfords played their first and only season of professional baseball in 1872 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished ninth in the league with a record of 3-26.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025243-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Brooklyn Eckfords season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025244-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 California-Nevada State Boundary Marker\nThe 1872 California-Nevada State Boundary Marker marks the initial point for the 1872 survey delineation of the state line between California and Nevada. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025244-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 California-Nevada State Boundary Marker, History\nWhen California attained statehood in 1850, it adopted 120 degrees west longitude as its eastern border. Between 1855 and 1900 there were six surveys to locate 120 degrees, with each locating 120 degrees of longitude differently. In 1872, Alexey W. Von Schmidt undertook the survey of the state line. He marked his survey line with stones, wood, and iron markers; the only one who placed such markers A new survey in 1893 showed that the Von Schmidt line was 1,600 to 1,800 feet west of the actual 120 degrees. However, California and Nevada both recognize the 1872 Von Schmidt survey and the 1893 survey as the state line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025244-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 California-Nevada State Boundary Marker, History\nThe 1872 marker near Verdi, Nevada is a four-sided cast iron pylon eight feet tall. It includes the words \"CALIFORNIA\" on the west face of the pylon, \"NEVADA\" on the east face, \"1872, LONGITUDE 120 WEST OF GREENWICH, A.W. VON SCHMIDT, U.S.\" on the south face, and \"170 MILES 47 CHAINS TO OREGON\" on the north face. The marker is surrounded by a wrought iron fence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025244-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 California-Nevada State Boundary Marker, History\nThe marker was listed in the National Register of Historic Places because it represents the initial point of survey for the California-Nevada border, and is a remnant of this survey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025244-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 California-Nevada State Boundary Marker, History\nNGS gives current  for another 1872 marker that may still exist at the northeast corner of California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025245-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Canadian federal election\nThe 1872 Canadian federal election was held from July 20 to October 12, 1872, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 2nd Parliament of Canada. Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald's Conservative Party remained in power, defeating the Liberals. However, the Liberals increased their parliamentary representation considerably, while the Conservative seat count remained static, giving them only five more seats than the Liberals. The election produced the country's first minority government. The support of two independent Conservative MPs functionally gave Macdonald an extremely slim majority that allowed it to survive for two years, until it fell due to scandal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025245-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Canadian federal election\nEdward Blake, who had a seat in both the House of Commons of Canada and the Ontario legislature, resigned as Premier of Ontario in order to run in the 1872 federal election as dual mandates had been abolished. Had the Liberals won the election, he likely would have been offered the position of Prime Minister of Canada. The party had no formal leader as such until 1873 when Alexander Mackenzie was given the title after Blake declined due to ill health. Blake was ill during much of the 1872 campaign, and it was Mackenzie who essentially led the Liberal campaign in Ontario, though not outside the province.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025245-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Canadian federal election\nThe 1872 general election was the first to include the new provinces of Manitoba and British Columbia, which had both joined Canada after the Confederation of 1867. By-elections had been held in both provinces to elect Members of Parliament in the newly created ridings, with Manitoba receiving four seats and British Columbia five. In 1873, PEI joined Confederation and six more seats were added to the House of Commons, all filled by acclamations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025245-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Canadian federal election, Results, National\nNote:1 Though identifying themselves as Liberal-Conservatives, these MPs and those identifying as Conservatives were both led by Sir John A. Macdonald (himself a Liberal-Conservative) and sat together in the House of Commons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025246-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Caversham by-election\nThe 1872 Caversham by-election was a by-election held on 28 August 1872 in the Caversham electorate in the Otago region of New Zealand during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025246-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Caversham by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent Richard Cantrell, on 31 July 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025246-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Caversham by-election\nThe by-election was won by William Tolmie. His opponent William Cutten had also stood in the 1870 Caversham by-election. James Crowe Richmond was nominated but withdrew before the election; he received one vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025246-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Caversham by-election, Results\nThere were five polling booths. Tolmie won at four of them, and Cutten had a majority at the Andersons Bay booth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny\nThe Cavite mutiny (Spanish: El M\u00f3tin de Cavite) of 1872 was an uprising of Filipino military personnel of Fort San Felipe, the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, Philippine Islands (then also known as part of the Spanish East Indies) on 20 January 1872. Around 200 locally recruited colonial troops and laborers rose up in the belief that it would elevate to a national uprising. The mutiny was unsuccessful, and government soldiers executed many of the participants and began to crack down on a burgeoning Philippines nationalist movement. Many scholars believed that the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 was the beginning of Filipino nationalism that would eventually lead to the Philippine Revolution of 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Causes of the Cavite mutiny\nThe causes of the Cavite Mutiny can be identified through examining the different accounts in this historic event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 47], "content_span": [48, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Causes of the Cavite mutiny, Spanish Accounts of the Mutiny\nJose Montero y Vidal is a Spanish Historian, who interpreted that the Mutiny was an attempt to remove and overthrow the Spanish Colonizers in the Philippines. His account, corroborated with the account of Governor - General Rafael Izquidero y Gutierrez, the governor-general of the Philippine Islands during the Mutiny. They mentioned that the mutiny was powered by a group of native clergy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 79], "content_span": [80, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Causes of the Cavite mutiny, Spanish Accounts of the Mutiny, Account of Jose Montero y Vidal\nThe Cavite Mutiny is an aim of natives to get rid of the Spanish government in the Philippines, due to the removal of privileges enjoyed by the laborers of the Cavite arsenal such as exemption from the tribute and forced labor. The democratic and republican books and pamphlets, the speeches and preaching of the apostles of these new ideas in Spain and the outburst of the American publicists and the cruel policies of the insensitive governor whom the reigning government sent to govern the country. Filipinos put into action these ideas where the occurring conditions which gave rise to the idea of achieving their independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 112], "content_span": [113, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Causes of the Cavite mutiny, Spanish Accounts of the Mutiny, Account of Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo y Guti\u00e9rrez\nHe insisted that the mutiny is stimulated and prepared by the native clergy, mestizos and lawyers as a signal of objection against the injustices of the government such as not paying provinces for tobacco crops, pay tribute and rendering of forced labor. It is not clearly identified if Indios planned to inaugurate a monarchy or a republic because they don't have a word in their own language to describe this different form of government, whose leader in Filipino would be called \"hari\". However, it turned out that they would set at the supreme of the government a priest, that the leader selected would be Jose Burgos or Jacinto Zamora which is the plan of the rebels who guided them, and the means they counted upon its realization.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 137], "content_span": [138, 875]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Causes of the Cavite mutiny, Other Accounts of the Mutiny, Account of Trinidad Pardo de Tavera\nThe event is just a simple mutiny since up to that time the Filipinos have no intention of separation from Spain but only secure materials and education advancements in the country. However, the mutiny was used at a powerful level. Also, in this time, the central government deprived friars of the powers of involvement in civil government and in governing and handling universities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 114], "content_span": [115, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0005-0001", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Causes of the Cavite mutiny, Other Accounts of the Mutiny, Account of Trinidad Pardo de Tavera\nThis resulted in the friars afraid that their leverage in the Philippines would be a thing in the past, took advantage of the mutiny and reported it to the Spanish government as a broad conspiracy organized throughout the archipelago with the object of abolishing Spanish sovereignty. The Madrid government without any attempt to investigate the real facts or extent of the alleged revolution reported by Izquierdo and the friars believed the scheme was true.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 114], "content_span": [115, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Causes of the Cavite mutiny, Other Accounts of the Mutiny, Account of Edmund Plauchut\nHe traced the immediate cause to a peremptory order from the governor, Izquierdo, exacting personal taxes from the Filipino laborers in the engineering and artillery corps in the Cavite arsenal, and requiring them to perform forced labor like ordinary subjects. Until then, these workers in the arsenal had been enjoying exemptions from both taxes and forced labor. January 20, the day of the revolt, was payday and the laborers found the amount of taxes as well as the corresponding fee in lieu of the forced labor deducted from their pay envelopes. It was the last straw. That night they mutinied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 105], "content_span": [106, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0006-0001", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Causes of the Cavite mutiny, Other Accounts of the Mutiny, Account of Edmund Plauchut\nForty infantry soldiers and twenty men from the artillery took over command of the Fort of San Felipe and fired cannonades to announce to the world their moment of triumph. It was a short-lived victory. Apparently, the mutineers had expected to be joined by their comrades in the 7th infantry company assigned to patrol the Cavite plaza. They became terror-stricken, however, when they beckoned to the 7th infantry men from the ramparts of the fort and their comrades did not make any move to join them. Instead, the company started attacking them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 105], "content_span": [106, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0006-0002", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Causes of the Cavite mutiny, Other Accounts of the Mutiny, Account of Edmund Plauchut\nThe rebels decided to bolt the gates and wait for morning when support from Manila was expected to come. He gave a dispassionate account of it and its causes in an article published in the Revue des Deux Mondes in 1877. He traced that the primary cause of the mutiny is believed to \"be an order from Governor-General Carlos to subject the soldiers of the Engineering and Artillery Corps to personal taxes, from which they were previously exempt. The taxes required them to pay a monetary sum as well as to perform forced labor called, polo y servicio. The mutiny was sparked on January 20, 1872 when the laborers received their pay and realized the taxes as well as the falla, the fine one paid to be exempt from forced labor, had been deducted from their salaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 105], "content_span": [106, 871]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0007-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Causes of the Cavite mutiny, Other Accounts of the Mutiny, Account of Edmund Plauchut\nDifferent accounts in the Cavite mutiny also highlighted other probable causes of the \"revolution\" which includes Spanish Revolution which overthrew the secular throne, dirty propagandas proliferated by unrestrained press, democratic, liberal and republican books and pamphlets reaching the Philippines, and most importantly, the presence of the native clergy who out of animosity against the Spanish friars, \"conspired and supported\" the rebels and enemies of Spain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 105], "content_span": [106, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0008-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Causes of the Cavite mutiny, Other Accounts of the Mutiny, Account of Edmund Plauchut\nIn addition, accounts of the mutiny suggest that the Spanish Revolution in Spain during that time added more determination to the natives to overthrow the current colonial Spanish government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 105], "content_span": [106, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0009-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, The Execution of Gomburza\nOn February 15, 1872, the Spanish colonial authorities sentenced three martyr Fathers Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora to death by garrote at Bagumbayan, Philippines and charged with treason and sedition, and subversion. Two days after their verdict, they were executed. The charges against Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora was their alleged complicity in the uprising of workers at the Cavite Naval Yard. It was believed by Governor Rafael Izquierdo that the Filipinos will create its own government and allegedly, the three priests were nominated as the leader of the planned government in order to break free of the Spanish government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0010-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, The Execution of Gomburza\nThe death of Gomburza awakened strong spirits of anger and resentment among the Filipinos. They grilled Spanish authorities and demanded reforms due to the prejudicial governance of the Spanish Authorities. The martyrdom of the three priests, ironically, assisted in the creation of the Propaganda Movement which aimed to seek reforms and inform the Spanish people on the abuses of its colonial authorities in the Philippine Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0011-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, The Execution of Gomburza\nBesides from Gomburza execution, on January 28, 1872 the military court sentenced 41 mutineers to death. However, on the next day Governor Rafael Izquierdo pardoned 28 mutineers and the rest were confirmed to sentence. On February 6, 1872, 11 mutineers were sentenced to death but Governor Izquierdo commuted their death sentences to life imprisonment. Together with execution of garrotte to the three martyrs was Enrique Paraiso, Maximo Innocencio and Crisanto Delos Reyes were imposed to ten years imprisonment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0012-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, The Execution of Gomburza\nFurthermore, there were people being sentenced by the military court of Spain to exile them to the Marianas (now Guam): Fr. Pedro Dandan, Fr. Mariano Sevilla, Toribio H. del Pilar (brother of Marcelo H. del Pilar), Agustin Mendoza, Jose Guevara, Miguel Lasa, Justo Guazon, Fr. Aniceto Desiderio, Fr. Vicente del Rosario, Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Antonio Ma. Regidor, Jose Basa y Enriquez, Mauricio de Leon, Pedro Carillo, Gervasio Sanchez, Jose Ma. Basa, Pio Basa, Balvino Mauricio, Maximo Paterno (father of Pedro Paterno), and Valentin Tosca.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0013-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Battle\nTheir leader was Fernando La Madrid, a mestizo sergeant with his second in command Jaerel Brent Senior, a moreno. They seized Fort San Felipe and killed eleven Spanish officers. The mutineers thought that fellow Filipino indigenous soldiers in Manila would join them in a concerted uprising, the signal being the firing of rockets from the city walls on that night. Unfortunately, what they thought to be the signal was actually a burst of fireworks in celebration of the feast of Our Lady of Loreto, the patron of Sampaloc.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0013-0001", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Battle\nThe plan was to set fires in Tondo in order to distract the authorities while the artillery regiment and infantry in Manila could take control of Fort Santiago and use cannon shots as signals to Cavite. All Spaniards were to be killed, except for the women. News of the mutiny reached Manila, supposedly through the lover of a Spanish sergeant, who then informed his superiors, and the Spanish authorities feared for a massive Filipino uprising. The next day, a regiment led by General Felipe Ginov\u00e9s besieged the fort until the mutineers surrendered. Ginov\u00e9s then ordered his troops to fire at those who surrendered, including La Madrid. The rebels were formed in a line, when Colonel Sabas asked who would not cry out, \"Viva Espa\u00f1a\", and shot the one man who stepped forward. The rest were imprisoned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 830]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0014-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Aftermath\nIn the immediate aftermath of the mutiny, some Filipino soldiers were disarmed and later sent into exile on the southern island of Mindanao. Those suspected of directly supporting the mutineers were arrested and executed. The mutiny was used by the colonial government and Spanish friars to implicate three secular priests, Mariano Gomez, Jos\u00e9 Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, collectively known as Gomburza. They were executed by garrote in Luneta, also known in Tagalog as Bagumbayan, on February 17, 1872. These executions, particularly those of the Gomburza, were to have a significant effect on people because of the shadowy nature of the trials. Jos\u00e9 Rizal, whose brother Paciano was a close friend of Burgos, dedicated his work, El filibusterismo, to these three priests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 29], "content_span": [30, 803]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0015-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Aftermath\nOn January 27, 1872, Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo approved the death sentences on forty-one of the mutineers. On February 6, eleven more were sentenced to death, but these were later commuted to life imprisonment. Others were exiled to other islands of the colonial Spanish East Indies such as Guam, Mariana Islands, including the father of Pedro Paterno, Maximo Paterno, Antonio M. Regidor y Jurado, and Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Basa. The most important group created a colony of Filipino expatriates in Europe, particularly in the Spanish capital of Madrid and Barcelona, where they were able to create small insurgent associations and print publications that were to advance the claims of the seeding Philippine Revolution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 29], "content_span": [30, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0016-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Aftermath\nFinally, a decree was made, stating there were to be no further ordinations/appointments of Filipinos as Roman Catholic parish priests. In spite of the mutiny, the Spanish authorities continued to employ large numbers of native Filipino troops, carabineros and civil guards in their colonial forces through the 1870s\u20131890s until the Spanish\u2013American War of 1898.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 29], "content_span": [30, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0017-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Behind the story of Cavite Mutiny\nDuring the short trial, the captured mutineers testified against Jos\u00e9 Burgos. The state witness, Francisco Zaldua, declared that he had been told by one of the Basa brothers that the government of Father Burgos would bring a navy fleet of the United States to assist a revolution with which Ram\u00f3n Maurente, the supposed field marshal, was financing with 50,000 pesos. The heads of the friar orders held a conference and decided to get rid of Burgos by implicating him to a plot. One Franciscan friar disguised as Burgos and suggested a mutiny to the mutineers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 53], "content_span": [54, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0017-0001", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Behind the story of Cavite Mutiny\nThe senior friars used an una fuerte suma de dinero or a banquet to convince Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo that Burgos was the mastermind of the coup. G\u00f3mez and Zamora were close associates of Burgos, so they too were included in the allegations. Also, Francisco Zaldua had been the principal informer against the three priests. His statement had been the main basis for the convictions and he had been promised pardon in exchange for his testimony, however, he was condemned along with the three. He was the first to be executed among them on February 17, 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 53], "content_span": [54, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025247-0018-0000", "contents": "1872 Cavite mutiny, Behind the story of Cavite Mutiny\nThe Central Government of Madrid proclaimed that they want to deprive the friars of all the power of intervention in matters of civil government and direction and management of educational institutions. The friars feared that their dominance in the country would become a thing of the past, and that they needed something to justify their perpetuation, with the mutiny providing such an opportunity. However, the Philippine Institute was introduced by the Spanish government as an educational decree fusing sectarian schools once ran by the friars. This decree aimed to improve the standard of education in the Philippines by requiring teaching positions in these schools to be filled by competitive examinations, an important step welcomed by most Filipinos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 53], "content_span": [54, 813]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025248-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 City of Nelson by-election\nThe 1872 City of Nelson by-election was a by-election held on 27 May 1872 in the City of Nelson electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025248-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 City of Nelson by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Martin Lightband.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025248-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 City of Nelson by-election\nHis victory was described as a victory for the government; his opponents were James Crowe Richmond and Alfred Saunders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025249-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Cleveland Forest Citys season\nThe Cleveland Forest Citys played their second and final season in 1872 as a member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished seventh in the league with a record of 6-16. The team folded at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025249-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Cleveland Forest Citys season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025250-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Coleridge by-election\nThe 1872 Coleridge by-election was a by-election held on 23 July 1872 in the Coleridge electorate in the Canterbury region of New Zealand during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025250-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Coleridge by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP John Karslake Karslake on 12 April 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025250-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Coleridge by-election\nThe by-election was won by William Bluett, by the narrow margin of seven votes (with several votes not allowed as electors were either not qualified or arrived late).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025251-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Colombian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in the United States of Colombia in 1872. The result was a victory for Manuel Murillo Toro of the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025251-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Colombian presidential election, Electoral system\nThe 1863 constitution changed the electoral system from a direct vote to an indirect vote. The President was now elected on the basis of which candidate received the most votes in each state, with a candidate required to win in at least five of the nine states to be elected. If no candidate received a majority, Congress would elect the President from the main contenders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025252-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Columbia football team\nThe 1872 Columbia football team represented Columbia University in the 1872 college football season. They finished with a 1\u20132\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025253-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1872 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 1, 1872. Incumbent governor and Republican nominee Marshall Jewell defeated Democratic nominee Richard D. Hubbard with 50.02% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025254-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Cork City by-election\nThe Cork City by-election of 1872 was fought on 6 December 1872[20 3]. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, John Francis Maguire. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Joseph Philip Ronayne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025255-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Costa Rican general election\nAfter the coup against dictator Jes\u00fas Jim\u00e9nez Zamora on April 27, 1870, and after the brief government of Bruno Carranza Ram\u00edrez,  Tom\u00e1s Guardia Guti\u00e9rrez succeeded on August 8 and elections were called by the then provisional president Guardia on 8 of May 1872. It was the first time that the presidency was exercised by a military.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025255-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Costa Rican general election\nFor these elections the Constitution of 1871 was in force, which established that all Costa Rican males of 20 years of age or 18 if they were married or were professors of a science or whose income was according to their social condition, could vote. This allowed the majority of male citizens to vote (female suffrage was approved until 1949) since it did not required to know how to read or write and the economic requirement was very ambiguous and could be applied to almost any person of any social class. The vote was public and only chose the second-degree electors. The second-degree electors had to be over 21 years old, literate and had an annual income of 150 pesos or more or at least 500 pesos in property.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup\nThe 1872 Cup \u2013 also known as the 1872 Challenge Cup \u2013 is a men's rugby union tournament contested every year between the two Scottish professional clubs, Glasgow Warriors and Edinburgh Rugby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [8, 8], "content_span": [9, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup\nGlasgow Warriors and Edinburgh Rugby use selected United Rugby Championship league matches against one another to decide the Cup winners. The highest aggregate score in the home and away ties decides the 1872 Champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [8, 8], "content_span": [9, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup\nNot only is the Glasgow \u2013 Edinburgh fixture the oldest inter-district rugby match in the world, but the derby is classed as one of the biggest in world rugby. Former Edinburgh coach, the South African Alan Solomons states: \"These games are massive. For me, this is one of the big derbies of world rugby.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [8, 8], "content_span": [9, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup\nNot all Glasgow Warriors versus Edinburgh Rugby fixtures are deemed 1872 Cup matches. Should the sides play more matches against one another in a season than the nominated 1872 Cup matches, these other derby matches have no bearing on the 1872 Cup. For example, the Pro14 match of 28 August 2020 in the 2019-20 season between the clubs was the pair's fourth fixture together that season. The 1872 Cup was already decided in the derby fixture the week before, and the 28 August 2020 match was a normal Pro14 league match. Similarly the Glasgow Warriors versus Edinburgh Rugby fixture of 15 May 2021 was a normal Pro14 Rainbow Cup match, the 1872 Cup for that season decided in the Rainbow Cup match in the previous week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [8, 8], "content_span": [9, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, History\nThe 1872 Cup marks the history of the world's oldest representative match. On 23 November 1872 a Glasgow District side met an Edinburgh District side at Burnbank Park, the home ground of Glasgow Academicals. Rugby Union was 20 a side in those days. Edinburgh won the first match. However, there was no cup to be won \u2013 and no cup was won until 1995.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 17], "content_span": [18, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, History, District sides\nScotland was to have 4 District Sides: North and Midlands; South; Glasgow District and Edinburgh District. These sides would regularly play each other and a Scottish Inter-District Championship was introduced in 1953. A Scottish Exiles side was also introduced in the later McEwans District Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 33], "content_span": [34, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, History, Professionalism and the Inter-City Cup\nThe 4 District Sides North and Midlands, South, Glasgow and Edinburgh were to become Caledonia Reds, Border Reivers, Glasgow Warriors and Edinburgh Rugby with professionalism. These teams challenged in the Inter-District Championship for European qualification to the Heineken Cup. A Cup was offered by the Sponsors, the estate agents Slater, Hogg and Howison in 1995. In 1997\u201398 the competition received a new sponsor: Inter-City Trains \u2013 and the Cup became known as the Inter-City Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 57], "content_span": [58, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0007-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, History, Professionalism and the Inter-City Cup\nWhen Caledonia Reds and Border Reivers were merged into the Glasgow and Edinburgh sides, Glasgow and Edinburgh played one-off matches for the Inter-City Cup from 1998 to 2002. The Cup became the Virgin Trains Cup with sponsorship in 2001\u201302 with the Welsh-Scottish League matches between the pair being used to determine the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 57], "content_span": [58, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0008-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, History, Professionalism and the Inter-City Cup\nWhen the Border Reivers were revived in 2002 the Inter-City Cup was forgotten about and it sat in the old Glasgow & District Rugby Union office in Somerset Place, Glasgow for a few years. Unfortunately the Reivers folded again in 2007.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 57], "content_span": [58, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0009-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, 1872 Cup begins\nThe Cup was revived and rebranded by Glasgow Warriors and Edinburgh Rugby as the 1872 Cup in season 2007\u201308. 1872 thus marking the date of the oldest derby match in rugby union history between the original Glasgow and Edinburgh amateur district sides on which the professional clubs were founded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 25], "content_span": [26, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0010-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, Format of the Challenge Cup\nFrom 2006 to 2017 the two league encounters of the Celtic League or the Pro12  were used to decide the winner of the 1872 Challenge Cup. Usually, these fixtures were scheduled as double-headers; home/away to rival one week and away/home to rival the next. These double-headers were often  scheduled around the weekends of Christmas and New Year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 37], "content_span": [38, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0011-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, Format of the Challenge Cup\nThe 2016\u201317 season's 1872 Cup matches did not follow the double header format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 37], "content_span": [38, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0012-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, Format of the Challenge Cup\nFrom 2017 to 2021 the format of the 1872 Cup was deemed a best-of-three format using Pro14 or Pro14 Rainbow Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 37], "content_span": [38, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0013-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, Format of the Challenge Cup\nIn 2021, with the advent of the United Rugby Championship, Glasgow Warriors and Edinburgh Rugby reverted back to the traditional two league fixtures for the 1872 Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 37], "content_span": [38, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0014-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, Format of the Challenge Cup\nThe aggregate score of Glasgow Warriors and Edinburgh Rugby in the fixtures is taken into account in deciding the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 37], "content_span": [38, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0015-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, Format of the Challenge Cup\nWhere the aggregate score is tied the holder retains the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 37], "content_span": [38, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0016-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, Sponsorship\nThe cup was originally sponsored by Greaves Sports. Crabbie's have been announced as the sponsor of the 2016\u201317 season's 1872 Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 21], "content_span": [22, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0017-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, List of results, Two-match format (2007\u201308 to 2016\u201317)\nWhen the first Glasgow - Edinburgh derbies were played in 1872 onwards, these were twice a season fixtures (for the first 4 seasons). It was decided that a 2 match format would then decide the 1872 Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 64], "content_span": [65, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0018-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, List of results, Three-match format (2017\u201318 to 2020\u201321)\nWith the introduction of the South African teams, the Cheetahs and the Southern Kings, and the new league format named the Pro14; Glasgow and Edinburgh were designated to different conferences, resulting in one meeting during the season. As well as this, two additional derby matches were scheduled by the league, resulting in a three-game format for the Cup. The winner of the Cup will be the team that wins most matches, with the previous format of aggregate scores now being the first tie-break criteria. In a coronavirus pandemic affected 2020-21 season, neither the Cheetahs and the Southern Kings entered the Pro14 that season, the Kings having the misfortune to disband. However the Pro14 organised an additional tournament, the Rainbow Cup, which ensured Glasgow and Edinburgh had 3 1872 Cup fixtures in that season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 66], "content_span": [67, 891]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025256-0019-0000", "contents": "1872 Cup, List of results, Two-match format (2021\u201322 onwards)\nThe introduction of 4 more South African teams, the Bulls, Lions, Sharks and Stormers, and the new league format now renamed the United Rugby Championship; Glasgow and Edinburgh were designated the same conference, resulting in the traditional 2 league meetings during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 8], "section_span": [10, 61], "content_span": [62, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025257-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Danish Folketing election\nFolketing elections were held in Denmark on 20 September 1872. The result was a victory for the United Left, which won 53 seats. Ludvig Holstein-Holsteinborg remained Prime Minister following the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025257-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Danish Folketing election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held using first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies. Only 15% of the population was eligible to vote in the elections, with suffrage restricted to men over 30 who were not receiving poor relief (or who had not paid back any previous poor relief received), were not classed as \"dependents\" (those who were privately employed but did not have a household) and who had lived in their constituency for a certain length of time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025258-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Democratic National Convention\nThe 1872 Democratic National Convention was a presidential nominating convention held at Ford's Grand Opera House on East Fayette Street, between North Howard and North Eutaw Streets, in Baltimore, Maryland on July 9 and 10, 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025258-0000-0001", "contents": "1872 Democratic National Convention\nIt resulted in the nomination of newspaper publisher Horace Greeley of New York and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri for president and vice president, a ticket previously nominated by the rump Liberal Republican faction convention meeting, also held in Baltimore's newly built premier Opera House of nationally well-known theatre owner/operator John T. Ford (infamous as the owner of the Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. where 16th President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865) of the major Republican Party, which had already re-nominated incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of the regular Republicans for another term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025258-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Democratic National Convention\nThe convention was called to order by Democratic National Committee chairman August Belmont. Thomas Jefferson Randolph served as the convention's temporary chairman and James R. Doolittle served as permanent president. At six hours in length, stretched over two days, the convention was the shortest meeting of a major political party convention in history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025258-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Democratic National Convention, The convention\nAccepting the \"Liberal Republican\" platform meant the Democrats had accepted the \"New Departure\", rejecting the anti-Reconstruction platform of 1868: they realized that in order to win, they had to look forward and not try to refight the Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025258-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Democratic National Convention, The convention\nWhile Greeley's long reputation in the years before as the most aggressive attacker of the earlier Democratic Party, its principles, its leadership, and its activists cooled enthusiasm among many of the delegates for the potential nominee, it was accepted that the Democrats would only split the anti-Grant vote and all but assure Grant of re-election if they nominated any other candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025258-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Presidential candidates\nHorace Greeley received 686 of the 732 delegate votes cast on the first ballot. The motion to have Greeley's nomination be declared unanimous was carried.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025258-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination, Vice Presidential candidates\nBenjamin G. Brown received 713 of the 732 delegate votes cast on the first ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 95], "content_span": [96, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025258-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 Democratic National Convention, Straight-Out Democrats Convention\nA splinter, conservative group of Democrats broke off due to their dissatisfaction with the nomination of Greeley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 70], "content_span": [71, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025258-0007-0000", "contents": "1872 Democratic National Convention, Straight-Out Democrats Convention\nCalling themselves the Straight-Out Democrats, they held a Straight-Out Democratic National Convention in Louisville, Kentucky. They nominated for President Charles O'Conor, who told them by telegram that he would not accept their nomination, and John Quincy Adams II for vice president. The candidates received 23,054 votes (0.35%) in the election, and no Electoral College electors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 70], "content_span": [71, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025259-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 East Gloucestershire by-election\nThe East Gloucestershire by-election of 1872 was fought on 11 March 1872. The byelection was fought due to the Resignation of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Robert Stayner Holford. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Reginald Yorke, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025260-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Egmont by-election\nThe 1872 Egmont by-election was a by-election held on 3 October 1872 during the 5th New Zealand Parliament in the Taranaki electorate of Egmont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025260-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Egmont by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Gisborne, who had been appointed Commissioner for the Government Life Insurance Office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025260-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Egmont by-election\nThe by-election was won by future Premier Harry Atkinson, who was returning to politics to defeat a candidate allied with William Fox; saying he would \"not see a Foxite get in\". He also opposed Julius Vogel, also a supporter of M\u0101ori land rights, for his reckless borrowing (see The Vogel Era).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025260-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Egmont by-election\nAtkinson was opposed by William Sefton Moorhouse, a personal friend of Fox and supporter of Vogel's Public Works policy. Atkinson and Ballance both supported Edward Stafford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025260-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Egmont by-election\nFuture Premier John Ballance had considered entering national politics by standing here but withdrew. Ballance's campaign lasted ten days, starting with a meeting at Patea on 18 September when he spoke for over three hours, a wonderfully good speech. Atkinson was present at his Hawera meeting. So Ballance decided to withdraw in favour of Atkinson as Atkinson and Moorhouse were much more experienced candidates. He had the excuse that \"about 80\" freeholders in Patea had been rejected from enrolling (later found to be 58 rejections as against 15 in 1871, probably from mistakes in proving their entitlement as landowners). Atkinson won with a slim margin of 24 votes and his vote in Patea (46 to 17) was critical.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025261-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 English cricket season\nIn the 1872 cricket season, the first experiment in pitch covering was carried out. Prince's Cricket Ground opened in Chelsea, London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025261-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 English cricket season, Notes\nNottinghamshire and Yorkshire played a third match at the short-lived Prince's Cricket Ground, Chelsea Hampshire, though regarded until 1885 as first-class, played no inter-county matches between 1868 and 1869 or 1871 and 1874", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025262-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 FA Cup Final\nThe 1872 FA Cup Final was a football match between Wanderers and Royal Engineers on 16 March 1872 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the final of the first staging of the Football Association Challenge Cup (known in the modern era as the FA Cup), which became the primary cup competition in English football and the oldest football competition in the world. Fifteen teams entered the competition in its first season and, due to the rules in place at the time, Wanderers reached the final having won only one match in the four preceding rounds. In the semi-finals, they drew with the Scottish club Queen's Park, but reached the final when the Scots withdrew from the competition as they could not afford to return to London for a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025262-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 FA Cup Final\nThe final was decided by a single goal, scored after fifteen minutes by Morton Betts of Wanderers, who was playing under the pseudonym \"A.H. Chequer\". The Engineers were praised for their innovative use of passing, then referred to as the \"Combination Game\", at a time when most teams relied almost solely on dribbling tactics. Despite this they could not manage to score a goal. The winning Wanderers team did not receive the trophy until the following month, when it was presented to them at a special reception at the Pall Mall Restaurant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025262-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nWanderers and Royal Engineers were among fifteen teams who entered the inaugural FA Cup competition, and both were allocated home matches in the first round. Wanderers were paired with Harrow Chequers, a team consisting of former pupils of Harrow School, and the Engineers were set to face Reigate Priory. Neither match actually took place, however, as in both cases the away team withdrew from the competition, sending the home team through to the next round on a walkover. In the second round, both teams played away matches and emerged victorious. Wanderers defeated Clapham Rovers 1\u20130 in December and the Engineers beat Hitchin 5\u20130 the following month.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025262-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nAt the quarter-final stage, Wanderers drew 0\u20130 with Crystal Palace (a former amateur club not thought to be connected to the current professional club of the same name). Rather than be made to replay the match, however, both teams were permitted to go through to the semi-finals under one of the competition's original rules, which stated that in the event of a drawn match the teams would either be made to play again or both progress to the next round, at the organising committee's discretion. The Engineers beat Hampstead Heathens 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025262-0003-0001", "contents": "1872 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nIn the semi-finals Wanderers took on the leading Scottish club Queen's Park who, due to a combination of walkovers and byes, had reached this stage of the competition without actually playing a match. The rules of the competition stated that all matches from the semi-final stage onwards would take place at Kennington Oval in London and, after being held to a 0\u20130 draw, the Scottish club could not afford to make the lengthy trip from Glasgow a second time for a replay and withdrew from the competition, sending Wanderers into the final. The Engineers also drew their semi-final at the Oval 0\u20130, and beat Crystal Palace 3\u20130 in the replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025262-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nAs was common at the time, both teams focused mainly on attack rather than defence, the Engineers lining up with seven forwards and Wanderers with eight. Wanderers forward Morton Betts played under the pseudonym \"A. H. Chequer\", derived from his membership of the Harrow Chequers club. Some sources state that he played under an assumed name to disguise the fact that he was cup-tied, having been a registered player of the Chequers club at the start of the competition and therefore ineligible to play for another club in that season's cup. This, however, is unlikely to be true, as in the early amateur era of football players were not required to be formally registered with clubs. Cuthbert Ottaway, a future captain of the England national team, played for two different clubs in consecutive rounds of the 1871\u201372 FA Cup without incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 876]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025262-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nWanderers captain C. W. Alcock won the coin toss and chose to defend the Harleyford Road end of the ground, meaning that the Engineers, who were considered the favourites at the start of play, initially had the sun and wind in their faces. Early in the game, Edmund Creswell of the Royal Engineers suffered a broken collar bone in a melee. He refused to leave the pitch but due to his injury was forced to spend the remainder of the match as a \"passenger\" on the wing. Wanderers' tactics centred on the dribbling skills of individual players, while the Engineers favoured passing the ball, a style then known as the \"Combination Game\" and considered innovative, of which they were leading exponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025262-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nWanderers took the lead fifteen minutes into the game when Betts opened the scoring from an acute angle after Walpole Vidal's long dribble. Under the rules in use at the time, the teams changed ends after each goal, but the Engineers were unable to take advantage of the fact that the sun and wind were now behind them, and the Wanderers players remained dominant. After twenty minutes Alcock put the ball past the Engineers' goalkeeper, William Merriman, but the goal was disallowed because Charles Wollaston had handled the ball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025262-0006-0001", "contents": "1872 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nWanderers continued to exert further pressure on the Engineers' goal and only Merriman's skill was able to prevent them from increasing their lead. One newspaper later described his performance as \"perfect\". Despite a late rally from the Engineers, Wanderers were able to hold on to their lead and the game ended in a 1\u20130 victory. Newspaper The Field called the final \"the fastest and hardest match that has ever been seen at The Oval\" and said that the Wanderers displayed \"some of the best play, individually and collectively, that has ever been shown in an Association game\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025262-0007-0000", "contents": "1872 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nThe Cup was presented by the President of the Football Association, Mr E. C. Morley, at the annual dinner of the Wanderers at the Pall Mall Restaurant, Charing Cross, on 11 April. The Football Association also gave each player in the winning team a silk badge commemorating the victory and the Wanderers' committee presented each player with an inscribed gold medal. As cup-holders, Wanderers received a bye straight to the final of the following year's FA Cup, in keeping with the original concept of the competition being a \"challenge cup\". This was the only time this rule was used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025262-0008-0000", "contents": "1872 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nIn 1938, The Times published an obituary for Thomas Hooman and stated that he had scored the winning goal in the 1872 cup final, citing an interview the player gave shortly before his death. This claim is not backed up by contemporary newspaper reports, all of which list Betts as the goalscorer, and, as other quoted aspects of Hooman's reminiscences about the match were incorrect, it seems that in his old age he was confusing the 1872 final with another match in which he played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025262-0009-0000", "contents": "1872 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nIn 2010, the only known surviving medal from the final was offered for sale at an auction in London. It had been purchased by a jeweller as part of a house clearance in the 1950s and was expected to sell for up to \u00a350,000, but was ultimately purchased by the Professional Footballers' Association for \u00a370,500. On 7 November 2012, the match was replayed by the reformed Wanderers side and the Royal Engineers team at the original venue, The Oval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025263-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Flint Boroughs by-election\nThe Flint Boroughs by-election of 1872 was fought on 16 October 1872. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Liberal MP, Sir John Hanmer, being elevated to the peerage. It was won by the Liberal candidate Sir Robert Cunliffe, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025264-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Flintshire by-election\nThe Flintshire by-election of 1872 was fought on 2 March 1872. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Lord Richard Grosvenor, becoming Vice-Chamberlain of the Household. It was won by the Liberal candidate Lord Richard Grosvenor, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025265-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Florida gubernatorial election\nThe 1872 Florida gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1872. Republican nominee Ossian B. Hart defeated the Liberal Republican Party nominee William D. Bloxham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025265-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Florida gubernatorial election\nAfter this election, no Republican would win election until 1966.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025266-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Galway County by-election\nThe Galway County by-election of 1872 was held on 8 February 1872. The byelection was held due to the resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, William Henry Gregory, as he became Governor of Ceylon. It was won by the Home Rule candidate John Philip Nolan but this was overturned on petition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025266-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Galway County by-election\nNolan beat his opponent, William Le Poer Trench, the third son of the Earl of Clancarty, winning by a large majority. Of the 4,686 available electors, who were chiefly Catholic, 2,823 voted for Nolan and 658 for Le Poer Trench.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025266-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Galway County by-election\nLe Poer Trench appealed the result, claiming on petition that there was widespread intimidation during the election campaign. The local Catholic bishops and clergy had strongly supported Nolan, chiefly because the Clancartys were active in proselytism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025266-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Galway County by-election\nThe trial of the Galway County election petition was held before Judge William Keogh, a Catholic and former MP for the pro Home-Rule Independent Irish Party. The trial started on 1 April and ended on 21 May 1872. Keogh found that Nolan had been elected by the undue influence and intimidation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025266-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Galway County by-election\nIn his report stated that he found 36 persons guilty of undue influence and intimidation, including the Archbishop John MacHale, the Archbishop of Tuam, the Bishop of Clonfert, Patrick Duggan, and the Bishop of Galway, John McEvilly, and twenty-nine named priests, the majority of Catholic parish priests in the constituency. They were held to have used all influence to overthrow all free will.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025266-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 Galway County by-election\nA special case decided that notices put up by Le Poer Trench alerting voters to Nolan's previous involvement in treating were sufficient to inform voters that he was disqualified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025266-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 Galway County by-election\nThe findings were that there was an undue election as there had been treating, undue influence and that the candidate was disqualified as he had previously been guilty of corrupt practices. As a result, Captain Nolan was unseated on 13 June, the seat going to Captain Le Poer Trench.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025266-0007-0000", "contents": "1872 Galway County by-election\nThe judgement caused an uproar; the judge was threatened with removal from the bench and his reputation never recovered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025266-0008-0000", "contents": "1872 Galway County by-election\nNolan retook the seat at the 1874 election. He remained MP after the 1885 constituency reforms as MP for Galway North until 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025267-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Grand National\nThe 1872 Grand National was the 34th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, in 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025268-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 25 February 1872. Supporters of Alexandros Koumoundouros and Dimitrios Voulgaris both won 65 seats of the 190 seats. Voulgaris remained Prime Minister until 20 July, when he was replaced by Epameinondas Deligiorgis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025269-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Hamada earthquake\n1872 Hamada earthquake (Japanese: \u6d5c\u7530\u5730\u9707) is  an earthquake occurred on March 14, 1872 at off coast Hamada, Shimane Prefecture in Japan. This quake occurred at 16:40 local time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025269-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Hamada earthquake, Damage\nAccording to the official confirmed report, 4506 houses were damaged by the earthquake, 230 houses were burned, 551 people were killed, and landslides destroyed 6567 homes in the affected area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025270-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Heathcote by-election\nThe 1872 Heathcote by-election was a by-election for the electorate of Heathcote during the 5th New Zealand Parliament, and resulted when the previous incumbent John Hall resigned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025270-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Heathcote by-election\nHall resigned on 19 July 1872 as he was appointed to the Legislative Council. On 22 July, John Cracroft Wilson advertised his candidacy for the position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025270-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Heathcote by-election\nThe nomination meeting was held at the Road Board office in Ferry Road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025270-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Heathcote by-election\nThere was no vote as Wilson was the only candidate, and he was declared elected when the writs closed for candidates on 30 July. Wilson had previously been in Parliament for the seat of Coleridge, but had retired in 1870 due to an \"unfortunate accident\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025271-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Hungarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Hungary between 12 June and 9 July 1872. The result was a victory for the De\u00e1k Party, which won 245 of the 427 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025272-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Illinois gubernatorial election\nThe 1872 Illinois gubernatorial election was the fifteenth election for this office. Republican nominee, Former Governor Richard J. Oglesby defeated the Democratic and Liberal Republican nominee Gustavus Koerner. B. G. Wright represented Independent Democrats unwilling to ally with Liberal Republicans. Oglesby had agreed to run for the Governorship but to resign upon being elected so that Lt. Governor John Lourie Beveridge could assume the office. Oglesby was in turn appointed to the U.S. Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025272-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Illinois gubernatorial election\nAt this time in Illinois history, the Lieutenant Governor was elected on a separate ballot from the governor. This would remain so until the 1970 constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025273-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Indiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1872 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1872. Democratic nominee Thomas A. Hendricks defeated Republican nominee Thomas M. Browne with 50.12% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025274-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Kerry by-election\nThe Kerry by-election of 1872 was fought on 6 February 1872[20 3]. The byelection was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP Valentine Browne succeeding to the peerage as Earl of Kenmare. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Rowland Blennerhassett. The by-election was important in the decline of the Catholic Union whose candidate was defeated by Blennerhassett, who although a Home Ruler was a Protestant. The Bishop of Kerry had condemned the Home Rule campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025275-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Kincardineshire by-election\nThe Kincardineshire by-election of 1872 was held on 10 December 1872. The byelection was held due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, James Dyce Nicol. It was won by the unopposed Liberal candidate George Balfour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025276-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Liberal Republican convention\nAn influential group of dissident Republicans split from the party to form the Liberal Republican Party in 1870. At the party's only national convention, held in Cincinnati in 1872, New York Tribune editor Horace Greeley was nominated for President on the sixth ballot, defeating Charles Francis Adams. Missouri Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown was nominated for vice-president on the second ballot. They were also nominated at the 1872 Democratic National Convention two months later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025276-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Liberal Republican convention, Platform\nThe Liberal platform called for an end to the hatreds of the American Civil War and Reconstruction (sections 2 and 3), demanded civil service reform to curb corruption (section 5), and hedged on the tariff issue (section 6).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025276-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Liberal Republican convention, Platform\nWe, the Liberal Republicans of the United States in National Convention assembled at Cincinnati, proclaim the following principles as essential to just government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025277-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Liechtenstein general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liechtenstein in March 1872. Seven of the seats in the Landtag were indirectly elected by electors selected by voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025277-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Liechtenstein general election, Electors\nElectors were selected through elections that were held between 1 and 8 March. Each municipality had two electors for every 100 inhabitants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025277-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nThe electors met on 18 March in Vaduz to elect seven Landtag members and five substitute members. The Landtag members and their substitutes were elected in three ballots. Of the 158 electors, 150 participated in the voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025278-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Liverpool Town Council election\nElections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Monday 1 November 1872. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025278-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Liverpool Town Council election\nThe Ballot Act 1872 received Royal Assent on 18 July 1872, introducing the Secret Ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025278-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Liverpool Town Council election, Election result\nBecause of the large number of uncontested seats, these statistics should be taken in that context.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025278-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By Election 6 January 1873\nThe death of alderman Oliver Holden was reported to the Council on 1 January 1873. Former Councillor John Birch Melladew (Conservative, West Derby, last elected 1 November 1869) was elected as an alderman by the Council (Councillors and aldermen) on 6 January 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 89], "content_span": [90, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025278-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By Election, 9 April 1872\nThomas Carey was elected as an alderman by the Council (Councillors and Aldermen) on 9 April 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 88], "content_span": [89, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025278-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 15, South Toxteth, 28 March 1873\nThe death of Councillor John Parrat (Conservative, South Toxteth, elected 1 November 1871) was reported to the Council on 24 March 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 88], "content_span": [89, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025278-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 12, Lime Street, 22 July 1873\nThe death of Councillor Henry Hornby (Conservative, Lime Street, elected 1 November 1871) was reported to the Council on 6 August 1873", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025279-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Londonderry City by-election\nThe Londonderry City by-election of 1872 was held on 23 November following the resignation of incumbent Liberal Party member of parliament Richard Dowse to become a Baron of the Exchequer. The Liberal vote was split as their candidate, Christopher Palles, was considered by Catholics as a \"priest-hunter\" for his prosecution of clergy as Attorney-General and denounced by Protestants for his views on education along denominational lines. The election was won by the Irish Conservative Party's Charles Lewis who secured a 174-vote majority. The election was the first Irish election to the British Parliament to be held by secret ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025279-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Londonderry City by-election, Background\nRichard Dowse was a Liberal Party politician who was first elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom for the Londonderry City constituency at the 17 November 1868 general election. A lawyer, Dowse had been appointed Solicitor-General for Ireland in February 1870, an appointment that, under the law of the time, triggered a ministerial by-election. Dowse stood in the by-election of 15 February and received 680 votes, defeating a challenge from Robert Baxter of the Irish Conservative Party, who received 592. This was considered unusual in a time when such by-elections were becoming increasingly uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025279-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Londonderry City by-election, Background\nDowse later became Attorney-General for Ireland and on 1 November 1872 Dowse was appointed a Baron of the Exchequer, necessitating his resignation from the House of Commons. A by-election was held on 27 November 1872 to select a new member.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025279-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Londonderry City by-election, Candidates\nThe Liberal Party selected Christopher Palles, who had succeeded Dowse as Attorney-General, as their candidate. Palles had previously served as Solicitor-General for Ireland, in which role he had prosecuted Catholic clergy; this upset some of his fellow Catholics who decried him as a \"priest-hunter\" and a \"government hack\". He also upset many Presbyterians (Protestants) with his support for segregation of education along denominational lines. The Ballymoney Free Press considered that the Liberal Party made a mistake in selecting Palles. The Irish Conservative Party characterised him as the candidate of Irish Catholic Archbishop of Dublin Paul Cullen. Palles eventually received the support of Francis Kelly, the Bishop of Derry, though the church initially chose to remain impartial in the by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 856]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025279-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Londonderry City by-election, Candidates\nThe Irish Conservative Party's candidates were Charles Lewis and Bartholomew McCorkell. Lewis had been nominated first and as a Presbyterian solicitor had been selected to capitalise on the conflict within the Liberal Party on the education issue. The local association disagreed with the decision of the Conservative Central Office to select Lewis and chose McCorkell, a local merchant, as their candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025279-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 Londonderry City by-election, Candidates\nThe Home Rule League put up Joseph Biggar as their candidate. It was clear that Biggar had little chance of winning the seat, but his candidature threatened to further split the Catholic Liberal vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025279-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 Londonderry City by-election, Results\nThe election seems to have been fought largely on the issue of education. The election was the first parliamentary election in Ireland to be held as a secret ballot, introduced by the Ballot Act 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025279-0007-0000", "contents": "1872 Londonderry City by-election, Results\nLewis won the seat for the Conservatives, overturning the 88-seat majority won by Dowse in 1870. Lewis secured 696 votes, Palles 522, Biggar 89, and McCorkall 2. The result was regarded as a major setback for the Liberals in Ulster, who were reduced to two members in that province. It showed evidence that the party was liable to split in areas where Protestants felt their interests were at risk, with some voting with the Conservatives. The failure of Biggar to make an impact is considered evidence that, despite the fears of some contemporaries, so-called Fenian flying columns of voters had little effect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025280-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Louisiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1872 Louisiana gubernatorial election was the second election to take place under the Louisiana Constitution of 1868. As a result of this election William Pitt Kellogg was elected Governor of Louisiana, but not before federal troops stepped in to enforce his election. The results of this election were highly contentious and resulted in racial violence across the state, including the Colfax massacre. U. S. President Ulysses S. Grant had to step in and formally recognize Kellogg as Governor to resolve the violence. Kellogg's Democratic opponent John McEnery finally conceded the election in September 1874 after briefly overthrowing Kellogg's government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025281-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1872 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 9, 1872. Incumbent Republican Governor Sidney Perham defeated the Democratic candidate Charles P. Kimball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025282-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Mallow by-election\nThe Mallow by-election of 1872 was fought on 7 June 1872. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, George Waters, as he became Chairman of the Quarter Sessions of the County of Waterford. It was won by the Liberal candidate William Felix Munster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025283-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1872 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1872. Republican Governor William B. Washburn was re-elected to a second term in office over, Francis W. Bird, a Liberal Republican nominated with support of the Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025284-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 93rd Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1872 during the governorship of Republican William B. Washburn. Horace H. Coolidge served as president of the Senate and John E. Sanford served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025285-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Metropolitan Police strike\nThe 1872 Metropolitan Police strike was a refusal to work by 180 men of 'D' (Marylebone), 'E' (Holborn) and 'T' (Kensington) Divisions of the Metropolitan Police of London on 16 November. The strike was held in protest at the dismissal of PC Henry Goodchild, who had acted as a secretary coordinating meetings amongst police who were demanding improvements over pay and conditions. It is considered the first strike by police in the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025285-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Metropolitan Police strike\nThe strike only lasted a few hours. Of the police who stopped work, 69 were dismissed from the force. The rest were allowed back on duty after having had apologised for their conduct. They gained improvements in pay and conditions, but did not form a trade union \u2013 most officers considered the police a quasi-military institution and so would not consider this. This action was significant for establishing a precedent for collective action by police in order to improve working conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025286-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Mexican presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Mexico in 1872 following the death of president Benito Ju\u00e1rez. The result was a victory for Sebasti\u00e1n Lerdo de Tejada, who received 92% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025287-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1872 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1872. Republican nominee John J. Bagley defeated Democratic nominee William Montague Ferry Jr. with 61.93% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025288-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Middletown Mansfields season\nThe Middletown Mansfields played their first and only season in 1872 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished eighth in the league with a record of 5-19.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025288-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Middletown Mansfields season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025289-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Missouri gubernatorial election\nThe 1872 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1872 and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, Silas Woodson, over the Republican candidate, former Senator John B. Henderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025290-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Mudgee colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Mudgee on 2 January 1872 because of the resignation of Henry Stephen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025291-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Murray colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Murray on 5 August 1872 because of the resignation of Patrick Jennings. William Hay was elected with 61% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025292-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 New South Wales colonial election\nThe 1872 New South Wales colonial election was held between 13 February and 28 March 1872. This election was for all of the 72 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 52 single-member constituencies, six 2-member constituencies and two 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult white males. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 3 February 1872 by the Governor, Lord Belmore, on the advice of the Premier, Sir James Martin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025292-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 New South Wales colonial election\nThere was no recognisable party structure at this election; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025292-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 New South Wales colonial election, Results\nNew South Wales colonial election, 13 February 1872 \u2013 28 March 1872\u200aLegislative Assembly << 1869\u201370\u20131874\u201375 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025293-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 New York Mutuals season\nThe New York Mutuals baseball team finished third in the  National Association in 1872 with a record of 34-20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025293-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025293-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025293-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025293-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025294-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 New York state election\nThe 1872 New York state election was held on November 5, 1872, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a Canal Commissioner, an Inspector of State Prisons and a U.S. Representative-at-large, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025294-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on August 21 at Utica, New York. William A. Wheeler was president. John Adams Dix was nominated for governor by acclamation. John C. Robinson was nominated for lieutenant governor, Lyman Tremain for U.S. Representative-at-large, Reuben W. Stroud for Canal Commissioner and Ezra Graves for Prison Inspector.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025294-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on September 4 at Wieting Hall in Syracuse, New York. Lester B. Faulkner was temporary chairman until George M. Beebe was elected as president. The Liberal Republican state conventions met on the same day at Shakespeare Hall in Syracuse, New York. Reuben E. Fenton and John Cochrane were the most influential delegates. Truman G. Younglove was temporary chairman. DeWitt C. Littlejohn was to be president, but had not arrived. During the day, haggling with the Democratic delegates about the state ticket continued, then the convention adjourned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025294-0002-0001", "contents": "1872 New York state election, History\nOn September 5, the conference committees of both conventions agreed upon a division of the slate, and the Democrats proceeded to nominate Francis Kernan for governor in the middle of taking a second ballot (on the first ballot, Sanford E. Church had received 15 to 20 votes), and John F. Hubbard, Jr. for Canal Commissioner. The Liberal Republicans then nominated Chauncey M. Depew for lieutenant governor by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025294-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 New York state election, Result\nThe whole Republican ticket was elected. None of the incumbents ran for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025294-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 New York state election, Result\nA large Republican majority was elected to the State Assembly for 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025295-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Newcastle colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Newcastle on 27 May 1872. The by-election was triggered because George Lloyd had been appointed Postmaster-General in the first Parkes ministry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025295-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Newcastle colonial by-election\nHenry Parkes comfortably retained his seat at the East Sydney by-election held the week before, while the five other ministers were re-elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025296-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 North Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1872 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on August 1, 1872. Incumbent Republican Tod Robinson Caldwell defeated Democratic nominee Augustus Summerfield Merrimon with 50.49% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake\nThe 1872 North Cascades earthquake occurred at 9:40 p.m. local time on December 14 in central Washington state. A maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe) was assessed for several locations, though less intense shaking was observed at many other locations in Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia. Some of these intermediate outlying areas reported V (Moderate) to VII (Very strong) shaking, but intensities as high as IV (Light) were reported as far distant as Idaho and Montana. Due to the remote location of the mainshock and a series of strong aftershocks, damage to structures was limited to a few cabins close to the areas of the highest intensity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake\nBecause the earthquake occurred before seismometers were operating in the region, the magnitude of the shock and its location were never precisely determined, but the intensity reports that are available for the event were studied, and various epicenters for the event were proposed based on these limited data. One study presented an estimated Mw of 6.5\u20137.0, with a proposed location on the east side of the Cascade Range near Lake Chelan. The results of a separate study indicated that it may have been a larger event, placing the shock in the North Cascades, just south of the Canada\u2013United States border at Ross Lake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake, Preface\nThe Cascadia subduction zone rarely influences the western portion of Washington state, but the November 1873 M7.3 shock near the California\u2013Oregon border may have been associated with it. Although activity in the Pacific Northwest (especially west of the Cascades in Washington) has occasionally been located near the subduction zone, earthquakes there (1949 Olympia, 1965 Puget Sound, 2001 Nisqually) have mostly been intraslab events. A large M7 earthquake on the Seattle Fault in 900 C.E. may have generated a tsunami in Puget Sound. The 1872 event east of the Cascades is not understood well due to the lack of instrumental records and reliable felt intensity reports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake, Earthquake\nAs there were only six seismometers operating in Washington state and western British Columbia even as late as 1969, there are insufficient instrumental records for older events in the region. Focal depths are unknown for shocks that occurred before that time, but seismologists Bakun et al. concluded that the event occurred on a shallow fault on the east side of the Cascade Range. They employed a method that was developed by W. H. Bakun and C. M. Wentworth for using earthquake intensity information that could be mapped to a corresponding moment magnitude.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0003-0001", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake, Earthquake\nThe intensities for twelve 20th-century Pacific Northwest earthquakes were used for calibration before analyzing the known intensities for the 1872 event in an attempt to resolve the location and magnitude. The reports were interpreted in a way that placed the epicenter near the south end of Lake Chelan, but other considerations left other plausible focal points both north and northeast of the lake. The magnitude was estimated to be 6.5\u20137.0 with 95% confidence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake, Earthquake\nUsing a similar strategy, S. D. Malone and S. Bor analyzed the known intensities for the 1872 shock, then compared intensity patterns for a number of instrumentally recorded earthquakes that also occurred in the Pacific Northwest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0004-0001", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake, Earthquake\nA factor that was taken into consideration was that for earthquakes that have either circular or slightly elliptical isoseismal maps, the epicenter is usually close to the center of the pattern, but that for shocks where instrumental information are also available, the epicenter is sometimes not where it would have been assumed to be, had only the intensity information (and no instrumental information) been available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0004-0002", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake, Earthquake\nAn isoseismal map of the 1949 Olympia earthquake was presented as an example of a distorted or convoluted pattern that was attributed to local geological conditions that either attenuated or amplified the seismic waves, and it was emphasized that not taking into account these local features could lead to a misinterpretation of the felt intensities and to a misplaced epicenter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake, Earthquake\nMalone and Bor ran three simulations, with a projected M7.4 event occurring at a depth of 37 miles (60\u00a0km), but took into consideration the differences in attenuation both east and west of the Cascades. Three exploratory locations were investigated, including the setting at the south end of Lake Chelan that reportedly had significant ground disturbances, their preferred location near Ross Lake, and a third location north of the Canada\u2013United States border that had been proposed much earlier by W. G. Milne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0005-0001", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake, Earthquake\nThe Ross Lake site was chosen because it most closely matched their isoseismal pattern, but it was not strongly preferred over the Milne site, and the Lake Chelan location was excluded as being the epicenter, due to the regional attenuation characteristics that required a location further to the west. Several depths were investigated, but each had little impact on the isoseismal patterns below intensity VI, and since most northwest earthquakes occur between 25\u201337 miles (40\u201360\u00a0km) deep, they believe the shock was also near that depth, but did not dismiss the possibility that it was a shallower event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake, Earthquake\nMore recently, Sherrod, using LIDAR, identified a fault scarp in Spencer Canyon. Subsequent field work determined that this fault scarp most likely is the ground rupture for the 1872 earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0007-0000", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nThough the earthquake was felt over a very wide area (from the Pacific Ocean to Montana, and British Columbia to Oregon) the area that was most affected was largely unpopulated, and very few homes existed. A log building that was built on unconsolidated river sediment close to the mouth of the Wenatchee River had dislodged roof logs, and the kitchen became detached from the rest of the structure. Another log cabin between Entiat and Winesap also had roof damage. Mercalli intensities as high as VI (Strong) reached the western portion of the state, near the highly populated Puget Sound region, and to the southeast beyond where the Hanford nuclear reactor site later stood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 50], "content_span": [51, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0008-0000", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake, Earthquake, Aftershocks\nA relationship exists between the depth of the mainshock and the occurrence of aftershocks, and several Pacific Northwest earthquakes illustrate this link, like the February 1981 M5.5 Elk Lake event in southwest Washington that was followed by more than 1,000 in the first two years. The M7.3 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake in Montana had a significant sequence of aftershocks, and the shallow M7 1983 Borah Peak event was followed by four aftershocks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0008-0001", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake, Earthquake, Aftershocks\nIn opposition, the intraslab events (and crustal shocks above the subduction zone) on the west side of the Cascades have had insignificant aftershock sequences, usually amounting to a minimal number of small aftershocks. For example, the 2001 Nisqually shock occurred nearly 18.6 miles (30\u00a0km) deep and was followed by only four small aftershocks, and there was a similar procession for the 1946 Vancouver Island earthquake, a M7.6 crustal shock that also had a focal depth near 18.6 miles (30\u00a0km).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0009-0000", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake, Earthquake, Aftershocks\nAftershocks did follow the 1872 event, and during the initial 24 hours they were strong enough to be felt over a broad area, from Idaho and into southern British Columbia. The intensity of the shocks waned as time passed, and after a year they were still occurring, but were only being felt at Wenatchee, Lake Chelan, and Entiat. Bakun et al. listed the considerable aftershock sequence as a strong indication that the initial event was shallow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025297-0010-0000", "contents": "1872 North Cascades earthquake, Earthquake, Aftershocks\nThe Entiat area remained seismically active well into the 20th century, leading to speculation that earthquakes were long-lived aftershocks from the 1872 event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025298-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 North Nottinghamshire by-election\nThe North Nottinghamshire by-election of 1872 was fought on 26 February 1872. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Liberal MP, Evelyn Denison, becoming a peer. It was won by the Conservative candidate George Monckton-Arundell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025299-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Northern West Riding of Yorkshire by-election\nThe Northern West Riding of Yorkshire by-election of 1872 was fought on 3 February 1872[20 2]. The byelection was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Sir Francis Crossley. It was won by the Conservative candidate Francis Sharp Powell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025300-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Oldham by-election\nThe Oldham by-election of 1872 was fought on 5 June 1872. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, John Platt. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Morgan Cobbett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025301-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Open Championship\nThe 1872 Open Championship was the 12th Open Championship, held 13 September at Prestwick Golf Club in Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Tom Morris, Jr. won the Championship for the fourth successive time, by three strokes from runner-up Davie Strath, having been five shots behind Strath before the final round. He was just 21\u00a0years and 146\u00a0days old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025301-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Open Championship\nIn 1870, Tommy Morris, Jr. had won the Challenge Belt for the third successive year and gained permanent possession of it. The Championship was, therefore, without a trophy. At the 1871 Spring Meeting of Prestwick Golf Club (which had run and hosted the Championship from its start in 1860), it was agreed that they would invite The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews and the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers at Musselburgh to share in the running and hosting of the Championship. Discussions proceeded slowly and thus there was no Championship in 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025301-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Open Championship\nThe Championship was announced in August 1872, although the final minute of agreement between Prestwick, the Royal and Ancient and the Honourable Company to host The Open jointly was not signed until 11 September. Each of the three clubs would host the Championship in rotation and each agreed to contribute \u00a310 towards the cost of the new trophy. The first Championship under this agreement was played at Prestwick just two days later, on 13 September. There was no time to get the new trophy made and winner was presented with a medal instead as well as the \u00a38 first prize.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025301-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Open Championship\nThere were only 8 competitors and the contest started at 10 a.m. The pairings were Tom Morris, Jr. (St Andrews) and William Hunter (Prestwick St Nicholas), Tom Morris, Jr. (St Andrews) and Davie Park (Musselburgh), Charlie Hunter (Prestwick) and William Doleman (Prestwick St Nicholas), Davie Strath (St Andrews) and Hugh Brown (Prestwick). There was a strong wind all day which made for difficult playing conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025301-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Open Championship\nTom Morris, Jr. scored 57 in the first round, missing four short putts. Davie Strath went one better, scoring 56. Charles Hunter had the third best score with 60. At the 4th hole of his second round Morris's third shot ended up against the wall at the back of the green. Morris couldn't play towards the green and so he hit the ball into the wall to try to make it rebound onto the green. However the ball jumped into the air, went over the wall and landed on the far side. Morris then played a blind niblick shot over the wall and \"laid it dead at the hole\". He finished with a 56 and a total of 113. Strath, however, had a 52, for a total of 108 and a 5-shot lead. Park was now third, but 10 strokes behind Strath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025301-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 Open Championship\nIn the final round, Morris had a good score of 53 and set a target of 166. Strath started the round well \"but after the second hole he played an unfortunate iron shot, which caused him three strokes.\" He lost another shot at the last after going in the water. He ended up with a round of 61 and a total of 169, three strokes behind Morris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025302-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Owens Valley earthquake\nThe 1872 Owens Valley earthquake \u2013 also known as the Lone Pine earthquake \u2013 struck on March 26 at 02:30 local time  in the Owens Valley (California, along the east side of the Sierra Nevada), with the epicenter near the town of Lone Pine. Its magnitude has been estimated at Mw 7.4 to 7.9, with a maximum Mercalli Intensity of X (Extreme). It was one of the largest earthquakes to hit California in recorded history and was similar in size to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Twenty-seven people were killed and fifty-six were injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025302-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Owens Valley earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe earthquake resulted from sudden vertical movement of 15 to 20 feet (4.6 to 6.1\u00a0m) and right-lateral movement of 35 to 40 feet (11 to 12\u00a0m) on the Lone Pine Fault and part of the Owens Valley Fault. These faults are part of a twin system of normal faults  that run along the base of two parallel mountain ranges; the Sierra Nevada on the west and the Inyo Mountains on the east of the Owens Valley. It created fault scarps from north of Big Pine, 55 miles (89\u00a0km) north of Lone Pine, to Haiwee Reservoir (30 miles (48\u00a0km)) south of Lone Pine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025302-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Owens Valley earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake occurred on a Tuesday morning and leveled almost all the buildings in Lone Pine and nearby settlements. Of the estimated 250\u2013300 inhabitants of Lone Pine, 27 are known to have perished and 52 of the 59 houses were destroyed. One report states that the main buildings were thrown down in almost every town in Inyo County. About 130 kilometers (81\u00a0mi) south of Lone Pine, at Indian Wells, adobe houses sustained cracks. Property loss has been estimated at $250,000 (equivalent to $5,400,694 in 2020). As in many earthquakes, adobe, stone and masonry structures fared worse than wooden ones which prompted the closing of nearby Camp Independence which was an adobe structure destroyed in the quake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025302-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Owens Valley earthquake, Earthquake\nThe quake was felt strongly as far away as Sacramento, where citizens were startled out of bed and into the streets. Giant rockslides in what is now Yosemite National Park woke naturalist John Muir, then living in Yosemite Valley, who reportedly ran out of his cabin shouting, \"A noble earthquake!\" and promptly made a moonlit survey of the fresh talus piles. This earthquake stopped clocks and awakened people in San Diego to the south, Red Bluff, to the north, and Elko, Nevada, to the east. The shock was felt over most of California and much of Nevada. Thousands of aftershocks occurred, some severe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025302-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Owens Valley earthquake, Aftermath\nResearchers later estimated that similar earthquakes occur on the Lone Pine fault every 3,000\u20134,000 years. However, the Lone Pine fault is only one of many faults on two parallel systems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025302-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 Owens Valley earthquake, Aftermath\nThis earthquake also formed a small graben that later was filled by water, creating 86-acre (350,000\u00a0m2) Diaz Lake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025302-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 Owens Valley earthquake, Aftermath\nThe common grave of the earthquake's victims is now registered as California Historical Landmark #507.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025302-0007-0000", "contents": "1872 Owens Valley earthquake, California Historical Landmark\nGrave of 1872 Earthquake Victims is a California Historical Landmark number 507, assigned on July 31, 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025303-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Parramatta colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Parramatta on 20 May 1872 caused by the resignation of sitting member Hugh Taylor immediately after the election as he had received conflicting legal advice as to whether his contract to supply articles to a destitute institution disqualified him from office. He was concerned that the Committee of Elections and Qualifications was hostile to the Parkes ministry which he supported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025304-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election\nThe 1872 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on October 8, 1872. Incumbent governor John W. Geary, a Republican, was not a candidate for re-election. Republican candidate John F. Hartranft defeated Democratic candidate Charles R. Buckalew to become Governor of Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025305-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Philadelphia Athletics season\nIn its second year in the National Association, the 1872 Athletic Baseball Club of Philadelphia finished in fourth place with a record of 30-14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025305-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025305-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025305-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025306-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Pontefract by-election\nThe Pontefract by-election of 1872 was fought on 15 August 1872. The ministerial by-election was fought due to the incumbent Liberal MP, Hugh Childers, becoming Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Paymaster General. It was retained by Childers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025306-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Pontefract by-election\nIt was the first UK Parliamentary election that was held by secret ballot held shortly after the Ballot Act of 1872 ended the old practice of open voting had come into effect. There was considerable interest in the outcome, many observers believed that support for the rival politicians may be drastically different as voters were able to make their choice in secret. However, the election results were reflective of the political preference of the constituency prior to the Ballot Act.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025306-0001-0001", "contents": "1872 Pontefract by-election\nOne of the main arguments made in support of voting by ballot was that it would put a stop to the riots and disorders so prevalent at previous elections. The Pontefract election conclusively proved that secret voting reduced riotous behaviour. Hugh Childers was re-elected on 15 August 1872 following his appointment as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025306-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Pontefract by-election\nThe Pontefract museum holds the original ballot box, sealed in wax with a Pontefract cake liquorice stamp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025307-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Preston by-election\nThe Preston by-election of 1872 was fought on 13 September 1872. The byelection was fought due to the death of one of the constituency's two Conservative MPs, Sir Thomas Fermor-Hesketh. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Holker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025308-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1872 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1872 college football season. The team finished with a 1\u20130 record and was retroactively named the national champion by the Billingsley Report and National Championship Foundation and as the national co-champion by Parke H. Davis. Princeton played Rutgers once, winning 4 goals to 1. David T. Marvel was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025308-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Princeton Tigers football team\nThis season marked the first of four consecutive national championships, and one of 11 in a 13-year period between 1869 and 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025309-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Prohibition National Convention\nThe 1872 Prohibition National Convention was a presidential nominating convention held at Comstock's Opera House, in Columbus, Ohio on February 22, 1872, to select the presidential ticket for the 1872 presidential election. It was the first presidential nominating convention of the newly organized Prohibition Party and would continue nominating presidential candidates in every presidential election leading it to become the longest continuous third party in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025309-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Prohibition National Convention, Presidential nomination\nOn December 9, 1871, a national convention was called to occur on February 22, 1872, by the National Prohibition Committee and was attended by 194 delegates. Simeon B. Chase was selected as the chairman of the party after being introduced by incumbent Chairman John Russell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025309-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Prohibition National Convention, Presidential nomination\nThe delegates at the convention proposed Chairman Simeon B. Chase, Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, former Liberty Party presidential nominee Gerrit Smith, former Portland Mayor Neal Dow, Major general Benjamin Butler, Justice David Davis, James Black, Horace Greeley, and John Russell as presidential nominees and Henry Fish, James Black, John Blackman, Secretary Gideon T. Stewart, Julius A. Spencer, John Russell, and Stephen B. Ransom for the vice presidential nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025309-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Prohibition National Convention, Presidential nomination\nThe candidates were sent to a special committee and it chose James Black for the presidential nomination and former Chairman John Russell for the vice presidential nomination. The committee rejected Greeley, who had won the nominations of both the Liberal Republican and Democratic parties,  for not being supportive of women's suffrage and Butler for his stances on alcoholic prohibition; Black and Russell were sent back to the delegates and approved by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025310-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Republican National Convention\nThe 1872 Republican National Convention was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 5\u20136, 1872. President Ulysses S. Grant was unanimously nominated for reelection by the convention's 752 delegates. Vice President Schuyler Colfax was for some time considered a potential rival to Grant for the presidential nomination, and had declared himself open to the prospect should Grant decide not to run for a second term, a stance that alienated him from both the President and his many supporters. Further damage resulted when a small movement within the Liberal Republican Party sought to enter his name for their presidential nomination. While neither amounted to more than speculation, it likely cost him his chances for renomination. Colfax narrowly missed the mark, garnering 321.5 delegates to Massachusetts Senator Henry Wilson's 399.5, President Grant being among those many notables who remained on the sidelines as the balloting had taken place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 985]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025310-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Republican National Convention, Nominees\nThis was the first time that the Republican party nominated a candidate unanimously. It wouldn't happen again for another 28 years. Grant's nomination was co-seconded by William Henry Grey of Arkansas, the first African-American to address a major U.S. political party national convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025310-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Republican National Convention, The platform\nThe platform, significantly so in the first section, boasted of the party's achievements since it had attained power in 1861:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025310-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Republican National Convention, The platform\nThe Republican party of the United States, assembled in National Convention in the city of Philadelphia, on the 5th and 6th days of June, 1872, again declares its faith, appeals to its history, and announces its position upon the questions before the country:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025310-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Republican National Convention, Anti-Temperance and the Raster Resolution\nThe late 19th century saw a massive and nationwide growth of the temperance movement, and until 1872 the Republican Party had not formally adopted a stance on the prohibition of alcohol. Famous German American editor and political figure Hermann Raster of Chicago wrote a passionate and carefully worded resolution, dubbed the Raster Resolution, for the 1872 convention. The resolution attacked the temperance movement and solidified the Republican Party's opposition to prohibition, and it was inserted in condensed form as the sixteenth section of the official platform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025311-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Richmond (Yorks) by-election\nThe Richmond (Yorkshire) by-election of 1872 was held on 4 November 1872. The byelection was held due to the elevation to the peerage in order to become the Lord Chancellor of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Roundell Palmer. It was won by the Liberal candidate Lawrence Dundas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025312-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Rodney by-election\nThe 1872 Rodney by-election was a by-election held on 16 March 1872 in the Rodney electorate in the Auckland region of New Zealand during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025312-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Rodney by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Harry Farnall on 17 January 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025312-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Rodney by-election\nThe by-election was won by John Sheehan. He was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025313-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1872 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1872 college football season. They finished with a 1\u20131\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match\nThe 1872 association football match between the national teams of Scotland and England is officially recognised by FIFA as the sport's first-ever international. It took place on 30 November 1872 at Hamilton Crescent, the West of Scotland Cricket Club's ground in Partick, Glasgow. The match was watched by 4,000 spectators and finished as a 0\u20130 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, Background\nFollowing public challenges issued in Glasgow and Edinburgh newspapers by The Football Association (FA) secretary Charles Alcock, the first encounter of five matches between teams representing England and Scotland played in London took place on 5 March 1870 at The Oval, resulting in a 1\u20131 draw. The second match was played on 19 November 1870, England 1\u20130 Scotland. This was followed by matches on 25 February 1871, England 1\u20131 Scotland; 18 November 1871, England 2\u20131 Scotland; and 24 February 1872, England 1\u20130 Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0001-0001", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, Background\nMost players selected for the Scottish side in these early \"internationals\" were from the London area, although players based in Scotland were also invited. The only player affiliated to a Scottish club was Robert Smith of Queen's Park, Glasgow, who played in the November 1870 match and both of the 1871 games. Robert Smith and James Smith (both of the Queen's Park club) were listed publicly for the February 1872 game, but neither played in the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, Background\nAfter the 1870 matches there was resentment in Scotland that their team did not contain more players based in Scotland. Alcock himself was categorical about where he felt responsibility lay, writing in The Scotsman newspaper:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, Background\nI must join issue with your correspondent in some instances. First, I assert that of whatever the Scotch eleven may have been composed the right to play was open to every Scotchman [Alcock's italics] whether his lines were cast North or South of the Tweed and that if in the face of the invitations publicly given through the columns of leading journals of Scotland the representative eleven consisted chiefly of Anglo-Scotians ... the fault lies on the heads of the players of the north, not on the management who sought the services of all alike impartially. To call the team London Scotchmen contributes nothing. The match was, as announced, to all intents and purposes between England and Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, Background\nAlcock then proceeded to offer another challenge with a Scottish team drawn from Scotland and proposed the north of England as a venue. He appeared to be particularly concerned about the number of players in Scottish football teams at the time, adding: \"More than eleven we do not care to play as it is with greater numbers it is our opinion the game becomes less scientific and more a trial of charging and brute force\u00a0... Charles W Alcock, Hon Sec of Football Association and Captain of English Eleven\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0004-0001", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, Background\nOne reason for the absence of a formal response to Alcock's challenge may have been different football codes being followed in Scotland at the time. A written reply to Alcock's letter above states: \"Mr Alcock's challenge to meet a Scotch eleven on the borders sounds very well and is doubtless well meant. But it may not be generally well known that Mr Alcock is a very leading supporter of what is called the 'association game'\u00a0... devotees of the 'association' rules will find no foemen worthy of their steel in Scotland\". Despite this the FA were hoping to play in Scotland as early as February 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, Background\nIn 1872, Queen's Park, as Scotland's leading club, took up Alcock's challenge, despite there being no Scottish Football Association to sanction it. In the FA's minutes of 3 October 1872 it was noted \"In order to further the interests of the Association in Scotland, it was decided that during the current season, a team should be sent to Glasgow to play a match v Scotland\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, Background\nThe match was arranged for 30 November (St Andrew's Day), and the West of Scotland Cricket Club's ground at Hamilton Crescent in Partick was selected as the venue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0007-0000", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, The match\nAll eleven Scottish players were selected from Queen's Park, the leading Scottish club at this time. Scotland had hoped to obtain the services of Arthur Kinnaird of The Wanderers and Henry Renny-Tailyour of Royal Engineers but both were unavailable. The teams for this match were gathered together \"with some difficulty, each side losing some of their best men almost at the last moment\". The Scottish side was selected by goalkeeper and captain Robert Gardner. The English side was selected by Charles Alcock and contained players from nine clubs; Alcock himself was unable to play due to injury. The match, initially scheduled for 2pm, was delayed for 20 minutes. The 4,000 spectators paid an entry fee of a shilling, the same amount charged at the 1872 FA Cup Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 819]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0008-0000", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, The match\nThe Scots wore dark blue shirts. This match is, however, not the origin of the blue Scotland shirt, as contemporary reports of the 5 February 1872 rugby international at the Oval clearly show that \"the Scotch were easily distinguishable by their uniform of blue jerseys\u00a0... the jerseys having the thistle embroidered.\" The thistle had been worn previously in the 1871 rugby international. The English wore white shirts. The English wore caps, while the Scots wore red cowls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0009-0000", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, The match\nThe match itself illustrated the advantage gained by the Queen's Park players \"through knowing each others' play\" as all came from the same club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0009-0001", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, The match\nContemporary match reports clearly show dribbling play by both the English and the Scottish sides, for example: \"The Scotch now came away with a great rush, Leckie and others dribbling the ball so smartly that the English lines were closely besieged and the ball was soon behind\", \"Weir now had a splendid run for Scotland into the heart of his opponents' territory and \"Kerr\u00a0... closed the match by the most brilliant run of the day, dribbling the ball past the whole field.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0010-0000", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, The match\nAlthough the Scottish team are acknowledged to have worked better together during the first half, the contemporary account in The Scotsman newspaper acknowledges that in the second half England played similarly: \"During the first half of the game the English team did not work so well together, but in the second half they left nothing to be desired in this respect.\" There is no specific description of a passing manoeuvre in the lengthy contemporary match reports, although two weeks' later The Graphic reported \"[Scotland] seem to be adepts at passing the ball\". There is no evidence in the article that the author attended the match, as the reader is clearly pointed to match descriptions in \"sporting journals\". It is also of note that the 5 March 1872 match between Wanderers and Queen's Park contains no evidence of ball passing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 886]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0011-0000", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, The match\nAt half-time, both teams rotated the goalkeeping duties among their players: England from Robert Barker to William Maynard, and Scotland from Gardner to Robert Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0012-0000", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, The match\nOn a pitch that was heavy due to the continuous rain over the previous three days, the smaller and lighter Scottish side pushed their English counterparts hard. The Scots had a goal disallowed in the first half after the umpires decided that the ball had cleared the tape that was used to represent the crossbar. The latter part of the match saw the Scots defence under pressure by the heavier English forwards. The Scots played two full backs, two half backs and six forwards. The English played only one full back, one half back and eight forwards. Since three defenders were required for a ball played to be onside, the English system was virtually a ready-made offside trap. Scotland came closest to winning the match when, in the closing stages, a Robert Leckie shot landed on top of the tape.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 848]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0013-0000", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, The match\nThough the match finished goalless, the quality of play was widely praised. \"It was allowed to be the best game ever seen in Scotland\" wrote the Aberdeen Journal. The sport magazine The Field wrote that \"The result was received with rapturous applause by the spectators and the cheers proposed by each XI for their antagonists were continued by the onlookers until the last member of the two sides had disappeared\" and that \"The match was in every sense a signal success, as the play was throughout as spirited and a pleasant as can possibly be imagined.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025314-0014-0000", "contents": "1872 Scotland v England football match, The match\nThe reports of the match that were published in the newspapers reveal further details of the 1872 Laws of the Game. Scotland won a defensive corner kick after England's attackers kicked the ball over the goal-line (a feature borrowed from Sheffield Rules but discarded in 1873). The throw-in was awarded to the first team to touch the ball down after it went out of play (this too would be changed in 1873); and there was a break for half-time only because no goals had been scored in the first half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025315-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 South Australian football season\nThe 1872 South Australian football season was the tenth year of interclub football in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025316-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1872 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on October 16, 1872 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Franklin J. Moses, Jr. won the election as a Radical Republican against the more moderate faction of the Republican Party and became the 75th governor of South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025316-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign\nThe state Republicans met in Columbia for their nominating convention on August 21 through August 24. There were 115 black and 33 white delegates to the convention, many of them calling for reform in state government. The nomination for Governor proceeded after the organization of the convention and five men were mentioned, but Franklin J. Moses, Jr. was seen as the clear favorite.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025316-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign\nImmediately, accusations of bribery were pegged against each candidate. Former Governor Orr accused Moses of offering a delegate from Barnwell $2,000 for his vote. Tomlinson was alleged by Judge Thomas Mackey to have been giving bribes to ensure the passage of the phosphate bill in 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025316-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign\nA vote was taken for the nomination of Governor during the commotion over the accusations of bribery and Moses emerged as the clear winner from the other contenders. Orr denounced the selection and led a walkout by some of the delegates from the convention. The Republican platform adopted at the convention called for a reduction in expenditures and financial reform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025316-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign\nAssembling at the Richland courthouse on August 22, Orr directed the formation of an Independent Republican ticket for the general election in October. Reuben Tomlinson was nominated for Governor and half of the Independent Republican slate for statewide office were black men. The platform consisted entirely of opposing Moses and advocating for reform in state government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025316-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held on October 16, 1872 and Franklin J. Moses, Jr. was elected as governor of South Carolina by a wide margin. Turnout was lower than the previous election because it was mainly a contest between Republicans; it was estimated that approximately 40,000 white voters did not cast a ballot in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025317-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Southern West Riding of Yorkshire by-election\nThe Southern West Riding of Yorkshire by-election of 1872 was held on 8 July 1872. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Viscount Milton. It was won by the Conservative candidate Walter Spencer-Stanhope, who was unopposed. The Conservatives retained this gain at the 1874 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025318-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 State of the Union Address\nThe 1872 State of the Union Address was given by Ulysses S. Grant, the 18th United States president, on December 2, 1872. He did not speak it to the 42nd United States Congress, because that was the custom at the time. He said, \"In transmitting to you this my fourth annual message it is with thankfulness to the Giver of All Good that as a nation we have been blessed for the past year with peace at home, peace abroad, and a general prosperity vouchsafed to but few peoples.\" It was given during the Reconstruction Era, when African Americans were freed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025319-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Stevens football team\nThe 1872 Stevens football team represented Stevens Institute of Technology in the 1872 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025320-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Swedish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sweden in 1872 to elect the Second Chamber of the Riksdag for a three-year term. Following the elections, the Lantmanna Party was the largest party,  holding 90 of the 194 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025320-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Swedish general election, Electoral system\nSuffrage was given to men over the age of 21 who either had a taxable income of at least 800 riksdaler a year, owned a property worth at least 1,000 riksdaler, or rented a property taxed to at least 6,000 riksdaler. Of a total population of 4.2 million, only 236,120 people (5.6%) were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025320-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Swedish general election, Electoral system\nThe Second Chamber had one representative from every Domsaga (or two for Domsaga with a population over 40,000) and one representative for every 10,000 residents of a town (with smaller towns merged into combined constituencies). Candidates were required to be at least 25 years old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025320-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Swedish general election, Electoral system\nDirect elections were held in 22 of the 24 urban constituencies and 60 of the 138 rural constituencies. In the other 80 constituencies, the elections were indirect and carried out using electors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025321-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Swiss constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in Switzerland on 12 May 1872. The new constitution was rejected by 50.5% of voters and a majority of cantons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025321-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Swiss constitutional referendum, Background\nIn order to pass, any amendments to the constitution needed a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025322-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Swiss federal election\nFederal elections were held in Switzerland on 27 October 1872. The Radical Left remained the largest group in the National Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025322-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Swiss federal election, Electoral system\nThe 135 members of the National Council were elected in 48 single- and multi-member constituencies using a three-round system. Candidates had to receive a majority in the first or second round to be elected; if it went to a third round, only a plurality was required. Voters could cast as many votes as there were seats in their constituency. For the first time the National Council was directly-elected in its entirety; in previous elections the cantons of Appenzell Innerrhoden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Glarus, Nidwalden, Obwalden and Uri had their National Council members elected by the Landsgemeinde.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025322-0001-0001", "contents": "1872 Swiss federal election, Electoral system\nHowever, an electoral law passed in 1872 required secret voting for federal elections and a polling station to be opened in every municipality in order to avoid manipulation in the open Landsgemeinde. The electoral law also changed the calculation of a candidate's majority from including valid and invalid votes to only valid votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025322-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Swiss federal election, Electoral system\nThere was one seat for every 20,000 citizens, with seats allocated to cantons in proportion to their population. Following the 1869 elections the number of seats was increased from 128 to 137, with the members now elected from 48 constituencies, increased from 47. Bern gained two seats, whilst Fribourg, Neuch\u00e2tel, Solothurn, St Gallen and Z\u00fcrich gained one each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025322-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Swiss federal election, Results, National Council, Summary\nVoter turnout was highest in the Canton of Uri at 91.3% (higher than the 75.2% who voted in Schaffhausen, where voting was compulsory) and lowest in Schwyz at 39.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025323-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Swiss revolver\nThe Model 1872 revolver (Ordonnanzrevolver 1872 or revolver d'ordonnance mod\u00e8le 1872) was the service sidearm of the Swiss Army. It was later refined to the Model 1872/78 revolver. Approximately 600 were manufactured in Belgium by Pirlot Fr\u00e8res.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025323-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Swiss revolver, Model 1872\nThe Model 1872 and 1872/78 revolvers operated in both single action and double action, with empty cartridges individually ejected by an ejector rod. They were very similar in design to the French military MAS 1873 Chamelot-Delvigne revolver. The 1872 revolver used 10.4mm (.41 Swiss) rimfire cartridges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025323-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Swiss revolver, The Model 1872/78\nIn 1878 the Swiss adopted the 10.4mm centerfire for their new Model 1878 revolver and most of their 1872 revolvers were adapted to this cartridge and named the 1872/78 model.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025323-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Swiss revolver, The Model 1878\nThe Model 1878 was chambered specifically for a centerfire cartridge. Its mechanism is the Warnant system with a rebounding hammer modified by Lieutenant-Colonel Rudolf Schmidt. In contrast with the Model 1872, it has no loading gate but is designed to index the chambers of the cylinder with an ejector rod. They were manufactured in Switzerland by Waffenfabrik Bern. After 1882, they were replaced by the Schmidt M1882 service revolver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025324-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Tamworth by-election\nThe Tamworth by-election of 1872 was fought on 16 April 1872[20 3]. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, John Peel. It was won by the Conservative candidate Robert William Hanbury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025325-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Tiverton by-election\nThe Tiverton by-election of 1872 was fought on 4 November 1872. The byelection was fought due to the Resignation (Justice of the Court of Common Pleas) of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, George Denman. It was won by the Liberal candidate William Massey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025326-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Transvaal presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Transvaal in 1872. The result was a victory for Thomas Fran\u00e7ois Burgers, who defeated the \"Afrikanerised\" Englishman William Robinson, who had been supported by Paul Kruger. Burgers was sworn in as President on 27 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025327-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Troy Haymakers season\nThe Troy Haymakers played their final season in 1872 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished fifth in the league with a record of 15-10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025327-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Troy Haymakers season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025328-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States House of Representatives election in Florida\nThe election to the United States House of Representatives in Florida was held November 5, 1872, for two seats elected at large. This election was held at the same time as the 1872 Presidential election and the gubernatorial election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [63, 63], "content_span": [64, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025328-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States House of Representatives election in Florida, Background\nFrom Florida's admission to the Union in 1845, it had been represented by a single Representative. In reapportionment following the 1870 census, Florida gained a second Representative. Districting was delayed, however, and so the at-large district was used for the 1872 election as well, with two seats instead of one. This would be the last time that Florida's representation would be at-large (there was an at-large seat for several later Congresses, but those were in addition to districts).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [65, 75], "content_span": [76, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025329-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1872 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 5, 1872. California gained one seat as a result of the 1870 Census, which the Republicans won. The Democrats, however, gained a Republican-held district. (Note: The Democratic candidates here ran under the label \"Liberal Republican\".)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025329-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results\nFinal results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [69, 76], "content_span": [77, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025330-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 5, 1872 to select five Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. The three incumbents who ran were re-elected and the two open seats were retained by the Republicans. The composition of the state delegation thus remained solely Republican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025330-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Joseph Rainey of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1870, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025330-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Robert C. De Large of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1871, declined to run for re-election. Alonzo J. Ransier was nominated by the Republicans and defeated Independent Republican challenger William Gurney in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025330-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Robert B. Elliott of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1871, defeated two Democratic candidates in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025330-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Alexander S. Wallace of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1870, defeated Democratic challenger Benjamin Franklin Perry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025330-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, At-large district\nThe state unsuccessfully applied to have a fifth member seated in 1871 in the House of Representatives. Following apportionment from the 1870 census, the state was granted an extra seat and an At-large election was used to decide the fifth member. Republican Richard H. Cain defeated Independent Republican L.E. Johnson in the election and became the only member from South Carolina to be elected from an At-large district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 90], "content_span": [91, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025331-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States elections\nThe 1872 United States elections were held on November 5, electing the members of the 43rd United States Congress. The election took place during the Third Party System. The election took place during the Reconstruction Era, and many Southerners were barred from voting. Despite a split in the party, the Republicans retained control of the presidency and both houses of Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025331-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States elections\nIn the presidential election, Republican president Ulysses S. Grant easily defeated Liberal Republican newspaper editor Horace Greeley. Greeley's Liberal Republicans campaigned on civil service reform and an end to Reconstruction. Eager to defeat Grant, the Democratic Party also nominated Greeley. Greeley died after the election but prior to the meeting of the electoral college, so most of Greeley's electoral votes went to his running mate, Missouri Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown, as well as former senator Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025331-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States elections\nFollowing the 1870 census, 49 seats were added to the House. Republicans made major gains in the House, picking up new seats while also winning seats from the Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025331-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 United States elections\nIn the Senate, Republicans continued to control a commanding majority, but lost multiple seats to the Democrats and Liberal Republicans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election\nThe 1872 United States presidential election was the 22nd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 5, 1872. Despite a split in the Republican Party, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant defeated Democratic-endorsed Liberal Republican nominee Horace Greeley. The election is notable for being the only presidential election in which a major party nominee died during the election process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election\nGrant was unanimously re-nominated at the 1872 Republican National Convention, but his intra-party opponents organized the Liberal Republican Party and held their own convention. The 1872 Liberal Republican convention nominated Greeley, a New York newspaper publisher, and wrote a platform calling for civil service reform and an end to Reconstruction. Democratic Party leaders believed that their only hope of defeating Grant was to unite around Greeley, and the 1872 Democratic National Convention nominated the Liberal Republican ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election\nDespite the union between the Liberal Republicans and Democrats, Greeley proved to be an ineffective campaigner and Grant remained widely popular. Grant decisively won re-election, carrying 31 of the 37 states, including several Southern states that would not again vote Republican until the 20th century. Grant would be the last incumbent to win a second consecutive term until William McKinley's victory in the 1900 presidential election, and his popular vote margin of 11.8% was the largest margin between 1856 and 1904.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election\nOn November 29, 1872, after the popular vote was counted, but before the Electoral College cast its votes, Greeley died. As a result, electors previously committed to Greeley voted for four candidates for president and eight candidates for vice president. It was the last instance until the 2016 presidential election in which more than one presidential elector voted for a candidate to whom they were not pledged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nAt the 1872 Republican National Convention the Republicans nominated President Ulysses S. Grant for re-election, but nominated Senator Henry Wilson from Massachusetts for vice-president instead of the incumbent Schuyler Colfax, although both were implicated in the Credit Mobilier scandal which erupted two months after the Republican convention. Others, who had grown weary of the corruption of the Grant administration, bolted to form the Liberal Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, Nominations, The opposition fusion nominations\nIn the hope of defeating Grant, the Democratic Party endorsed the nominees of the Liberal Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 88], "content_span": [89, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, Nominations, The opposition fusion nominations, Liberal Republican Party nomination\nAn influential group of dissident Republicans split from the party to form the Liberal Republican Party in 1870. At the party's only national convention, held in Cincinnati in 1872, New York Tribune editor and former representative Horace Greeley was nominated for president on the sixth ballot, defeating Charles Francis Adams. Missouri Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown was nominated for vice-president on the second ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 125], "content_span": [126, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0007-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, Nominations, The opposition fusion nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nThe 1872 Democratic National Convention met in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 9\u201310. Because of its strong desire to defeat Ulysses S. Grant, the Democratic Party also nominated the Liberal Republicans' Greeley/Brown ticket and adopted their platform. Greeley received 686 of the 732 delegate votes cast, while Brown received 713. Accepting the Liberal platform meant the Democrats had accepted the New Departure strategy, which rejected the anti-Reconstruction platform of 1868. They realized that to win the election they had to look forward, and not try to re-fight the Civil War. They also realized that they would only split the anti-Grant vote if they nominated a candidate other than Greeley. However, Greeley's long reputation as the most aggressive antagonist of the Democratic Party, its principles, its leadership, and its activists, cooled Democrats' enthusiasm for the nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 117], "content_span": [118, 1005]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0008-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, Nominations, The opposition fusion nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nSome Democrats were worried that backing Greeley would effectively bring the party to extinction, much like how the moribund Whig Party had been doomed by endorsing the Know Nothing candidacy of Millard Fillmore in 1856, though others felt that the Democrats were in a much stronger position on a regional level than the Whigs had been at the time of their demise, and predicted (correctly, as it turned out) that the Liberal Republicans would not be viable in the long-term due to their lack of distinctive positions compared to the main Republican Party. A sizable minority led by James A. Bayard sought to act independently of the Liberal Republican ticket, but the bulk of the party agreed to endorse Greeley's candidacy. The convention, which lasted only six hours stretched over two days, is the shortest major political party convention in history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 117], "content_span": [118, 973]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0009-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, Nominations, The opposition fusion nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nThe Liberal Republican Party fused with the Democratic Party in all states except for Louisiana and Texas. In states where Republicans were stronger, the Liberal Republicans fielded a majority of the joint slate of candidates for lower offices; while in states where Democrats were stronger, the Democrats fielded the most candidates. In many states, such as Ohio, each party nominated half of a joint slate of candidates. Even initially reluctant Democratic leaders like Thomas F. Bayard came to support Greeley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 117], "content_span": [118, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0010-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other nominations, Labor Reform Party\nThe Labor Reform Party had only been organized in 1870 at the National Labor Union Convention, which organized the Labor Reform Party in anticipation of its participation in the 1872 presidential election. In the lead-up to the 1872 presidential election, state-level affiliates of the party formed and saw limited success. One of its major victories was forming a majority coalition with the Democratic Party in the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1871 in which William Gove, one of its members, was elected Speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 92], "content_span": [93, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0011-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other nominations, Labor Reform Party\nThe party's first National Convention meeting was held in Columbus, Ohio, on February 22, 1872. Initially, there was a fair amount of discussion as to whether the party should actually nominate anyone for the presidency at that time, or if they should wait at least for the Liberal Republicans to nominate their own ticket first. Every motion to that effect lost, and a number of ballots were taken that resulted in the nomination of David Davis, who was the frontrunner for the Liberal Republican nomination at that time. Joel Parker, the Governor of New Jersey, was nominated for vice-president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 92], "content_span": [93, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0012-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other nominations, Labor Reform Party\nWhile Davis did not decline the nomination of the Labor Reform party, he decided to hinge his campaign in large part on the success of attaining the Liberal Republican nomination, so that he might at least have their resources behind him. After their convention, in which he failed to attain the nomination, Davis telegraphed the Labor Reform party and informed them of his intention to withdraw from the presidential contest entirely. Joel Parker soon followed suit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 92], "content_span": [93, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0013-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other nominations, Labor Reform Party\nA second convention was called on August 22 in Philadelphia, where it was decided, rather than making the same mistake again, that the party would cooperate with the new Straight-Out Democratic Party that had recently formed. After the election, the various state affiliates grew less and less active, and by the following year, the party ceased to exist. Labor Reform party activity continued to 1878, when the Greenback and Labor Reform parties, with other organizations, formed a National Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 92], "content_span": [93, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0014-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other nominations, Straight-Out Democratic Party\nUnwilling to support the Democratic party nominee Greeley, a group of mostly Southern Democrats held what they called a Straight-Out Democratic Party convention in Louisville, Kentucky, on August 11, 1872. They nominated as presidential candidate Charles O'Conor, who declined their nomination by telegram; as vice president they nominated John Quincy Adams II. Without time to choose a substitute, the party ran the two candidates anyway. They received 0.36% of the popular votes, and no Electoral College votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 103], "content_span": [104, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0015-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other nominations, Equal Rights Party\nVictoria Woodhull is recognized as the first woman to run for president. She was nominated by the small Equal Rights Party. Frederick Douglass was nominated as her running mate, although he did not attend the convention, acknowledge his nomination, or take an active role in the campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 92], "content_span": [93, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0016-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nGrant's administration and his Radical Republican supporters had been widely accused of corruption, and the Liberal Republicans demanded civil service reform and an end to the Reconstruction process, including withdrawal of federal troops from the South. Both Liberal Republicans and Democrats were disappointed in their candidate Greeley. As wits asked, \"Why turn out a knave just to replace him with a fool?\" A poor campaigner with little political experience, Greeley's career as a newspaper editor gave his opponents a long history of eccentric public positions to attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0016-0001", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nWith memories of his victories in the Civil War to run on, Grant was unassailable. Grant also had a large campaign budget to work with. One historian was quoted saying, \"Never before was a candidate placed under such great obligation to men of wealth as was Grant.\" A large portion of Grant's campaign funds came from entrepreneurs, including Jay Cooke, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Alexander Turney Stewart, Henry Hilton, and John Astor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0017-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign, Women's suffrage\nThis was the first election after the formation of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869. As a result, protests for women's suffrage became more prevalent. The National Woman's Suffrage Association held its annual convention in New York City on May 9, 1872. Some of the delegates supported Victoria Woodhull, who had spent the year since the previous NWSA annual meeting touring the New York City environs and giving speeches on why women should be allowed to vote. The delegates selected Victoria Woodhull to run for president, and named Frederick Douglass for vice- president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 86], "content_span": [87, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0017-0001", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign, Women's suffrage\nHe did not attend the convention and never acknowledged the nomination, though he would serve as a presidential elector in the United States Electoral College for the State of New York. Woodhull gave a series of speeches around New York City during the campaign. Her finances were very thin, and when she borrowed money from supporters, she often was unable to repay them. On the day before the election, Woodhull was arrested for \"publishing an obscene newspaper\" and so was unable to cast a vote for herself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 86], "content_span": [87, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0017-0002", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign, Women's suffrage\nWoodhull was ineligible to be president on Inauguration Day, not because she was a woman (the Constitution and the law were silent on the issue), but because she would not reach the constitutionally prescribed minimum age of 35 until September 23, 1873; historians have debated whether to consider her activities a true election campaign. Woodhull and Douglass are not listed in \"Election results\" below, as the ticket received a negligible percentage of the popular vote and no electoral votes. In addition, several suffragists would attempt to vote in the election. Susan B. Anthony was arrested when she tried to vote and was fined $100 in a widely publicized trial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 86], "content_span": [87, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0018-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nGrant won an easy re-election over Greeley, with a popular vote margin of 11.8% and 763,000 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0019-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nGrant also won the electoral college with 286 electoral votes; while Greeley won 66 electoral votes, he died on November 29, 1872, twenty-four days after the election and before any of his pledged electors (from Texas, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, and Maryland) could cast their votes. Subsequently, 63 of Greeley's electors cast their votes for other Democrats: 18 of them cast their presidential votes for Greeley's running mate, Benjamin Gratz Brown, and 45 cast their presidential votes for three non-candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0020-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nOf the 2,171 counties making returns, Grant won in 1,335 while Greeley carried 833. Three counties were split evenly between Grant and Greeley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0021-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Disputed votes\nDuring the joint session of Congress for the counting of the electoral vote on February 12, 1873, five states had objections that were raised regarding their results. However, unlike the objections which would be made in 1877, these did not affect the outcome of the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 74], "content_span": [75, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0022-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Disputed votes\nThis election was the last in which Arkansas voted for a Republican until 1972, and the last in which it voted against the Democrats until 1968. Alabama and Mississippi would not be carried by a Republican again until 1964, and they would not vote against the Democrats until 1948. North Carolina and Virginia would not vote Republican again until 1928. West Virginia, Delaware and New Jersey would not vote Republican again until 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 74], "content_span": [75, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0023-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Table of results\n(a) These candidates received votes from Electors who were pledged to Horace Greeley, who died before the electoral votes were cast. (b) Brown's vice-presidential votes were counted, but the presidential votes for Horace Greeley were rejected since he was ineligible for the office of President due to his death. (c) See Breakdown by ticket below. (d) The 14 electoral votes from Arkansas and Louisiana were rejected. Had they not been rejected, Grant would have received 300 electoral votes out of a total of 366, well in excess of the 184 required to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 76], "content_span": [77, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0024-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Geography of results\nResults by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 80], "content_span": [81, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0025-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Results by state\nSource: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836\u20131892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247\u201357.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 76], "content_span": [77, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0026-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nRed font color denotes states won by Republican Ulysses S. Grant; pink denotes those won by Democrat/Liberal Republican Horace Greeley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0027-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nStates where the margin of victory was under 1% (19 electoral votes)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0028-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nMargin of victory between 1% and 5% (32 electoral votes)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0029-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nMargin of victory between 5% and 10% (133 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0030-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, General election, Close states, Breakdown by ticket\n(a) The used sources had insufficient data to determine the pairings of 4 electoral votes in Missouri; therefore, the possible tickets are listed with the minimum and maximum possible number of electoral votes each. (b) Brown's vice-presidential votes were counted, but the presidential votes for Horace Greeley were rejected since he was ineligible for the office of President due to his death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 93], "content_span": [94, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025332-0031-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election, Demise of the Liberal Republicans\nThough the national party organization disappeared after 1872, several Liberal Republican members continued to serve in Congress after the 1872 elections. Most Liberal Republican Congressmen eventually joined the Democratic Party. Outside of the South, some Liberal Republicans sought the creation of a new party opposed to Republicans, but Democrats were unwilling to abandon their old party affiliation and even relatively successful efforts like Wisconsin's Reform Party collapsed. Even the strong Missouri Liberal Republican Party collapsed as the Democrats re-established themselves as the major opposition party to the Republicans. In the following years, former Liberal Republicans became members in good standing of both major parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 819]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025333-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Alabama\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025333-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Alabama\nAlabama voted for the Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, over Liberal Republican candidate Horace Greeley. Grant won Alabama by a margin of 6.38%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025333-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Alabama\nThis was the last time that Alabama voted for a Republican until Barry Goldwater won it in the 1964 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025334-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025334-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nArkansas voted for the Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, over Liberal Republican candidate Horace Greeley. Grant won Arkansas by a margin of 4.34%. However, due to the turbulent conditions of Reconstruction, along with various irregularities and allegations of electoral fraud, Congress rejected Arkansas's six electoral votes. Neighboring Louisiana's electoral votes were also rejected. This was the last time Arkansas voted Republican until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025335-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in California\nThe 1868 United States presidential election in California was held on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. State voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025335-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in California\nCalifornia voted for the Republican incumbent, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Liberal Republican nominee, New York Tribune publisher Horace Greeley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025336-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. The state voters chose six electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025336-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nConnecticut was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri by a narrow margin of 4.82%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025337-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Delaware\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025337-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Delaware\nDelaware voted for the Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, over Liberal Republican candidate Horace Greeley. Grant won Delaware by a narrow margin of 4.24%. Delaware would not vote Republican again until William McKinley won it in 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025338-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Florida\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025338-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Florida\nFlorida voted for the Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, over Liberal Republican candidate, Horace Greeley. Grant won Florida by a margin of 7.04%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025339-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Georgia\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025339-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Georgia\nGeorgia voted for the Liberal Republican candidate, Horace Greeley, over Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant. Greeley won Georgia by a margin of 9.94%. However, Greeley died prior to the Electoral College meeting, allowing Georgia's 11 electors to vote for the candidate of their choice: 6 voted for Greeley's running mate, B. Gratz Brown, and 2  for Charles Jenkins. 3 electors attempted to vote for the deceased Greeley, but their votes were rejected after a House of Representatives resolution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025340-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Illinois\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. The state voters chose 21 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025340-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Illinois\nIllinois was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025340-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Illinois\nGrant won his home state by a margin of 13.27%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025341-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Indiana\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. The state voters chose 15 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025341-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Indiana\nIndiana was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri by a margin of 6.41%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025342-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Iowa\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. The state voters chose 11 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025342-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Iowa\nIowa was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025343-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Kansas\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025343-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Kansas\nKansas voted for the Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, over Liberal Republican candidate Horace Greeley. Grant won Kansas by a margin of 33.66%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025344-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025344-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nKentucky voted for the Liberal Republican candidate, Horace Greeley, over Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant. Greeley won Kentucky by a margin of 5.88%. However, Greeley died prior to the Electoral College meeting, meaning for Kentucky's 12 electors could vote for the candidate of their choice: eight voted for Indiana Senator Thomas Hendricks, while four voted for Greeley's running mate, Benjamin Gratz Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025345-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025345-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nLouisiana voted for the Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, over Liberal Republican candidate Horace Greeley. Grant won Louisiana by a margin of 11.38%. However, due to the turbulent conditions of Reconstruction, along with various irregularities and allegations of electoral fraud,  Congress rejected Louisiana's eight electoral votes. Neighboring Arkansas's electoral votes were also rejected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025346-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Maine\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. The state voters chose seven electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025346-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Maine\nMaine was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri by a margin of 35.72%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025347-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Maryland\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. The state voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025347-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Maryland\nMaryland was won by the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri. Greely and Brown defeated the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025347-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Maryland\nGreeley won the state by a narrow margin of 0.68%. However, he died prior to the Electoral College meeting, allowing for Maryland's eight electors to vote for the candidate of their choice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025347-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Maryland, Footnotes\nThis Maryland elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 63], "content_span": [64, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025348-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. The state voters chose 13 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025348-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nMassachusetts was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri by a margin of 38.51%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025348-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nWith 69.20% of the popular vote, Massachusetts would be Grant's fifth strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont, South Carolina, Rhode Island and Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025349-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Michigan\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025349-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Michigan\nMichigan again went for Republican incumbent Ulysses S. Grant, increasing his margin of victory over his challenger (Liberal Republican Horace Greeley) to more than 27%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025350-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025350-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nMinnesota voted for the Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, over Liberal Republican candidate, Horace Greeley. Grant won Minnesota by a margin of 22.54%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025351-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025351-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nMississippi voted for the Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, over Liberal Republican candidate Horace Greeley. Grant won Mississippi by a margin of 26.96%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025352-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Missouri\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025352-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Missouri\nMissouri voted for the Liberal Republican candidate, Horace Greeley, over Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant. Greeley won Missouri by a margin of 11.81%, but died prior to the Electoral College meeting, allowing Missouri's fifteen electors to vote for the candidate of their choice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025353-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025353-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nNebraska voted for the Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, over Liberal Republican candidate Horace Greeley. Grant won Nebraska by a margin of 41.36%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025353-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nWith 70.68% of the popular vote, Nebraska would be Grant's fourth strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont, South Carolina and Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025354-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Nevada\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025354-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Nevada\nNevada voted for the Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, over Liberal Republican candidate Horace Greeley. Grant won Nevada by a margin of 14.86%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025355-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. The state voters chose five electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025355-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nNew Hampshire was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri by a margin of 8.33%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025355-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nHorace Greeley had been born in New Hampshire. More specifically, in the town of Amherst.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025356-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. The state voters chose nine electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025356-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nNew Jersey was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri by a margin of 9.04%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025356-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nThis was the first time the Republicans won all the electoral votes of New Jersey, (see 1860 election in New Jersey for more information) as well as the popular vote. They would not win either again until 1896, 24 years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025357-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in New York\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose 35 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025357-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025357-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in New York\nGrant carried New York State with 53.23% of the vote to Greeley's 46.77%, a victory margin of 6.46%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025357-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York weighed in for this election as slightly more than 5% more Democratic/Liberal Republican than the national average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025357-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in New York\nGrant dominated much of upstate New York and also won some counties downstate in the New York City area, including Richmond County, Queens County, and Suffolk County. Greeley, however, did win New York City proper, including victories in New York County and Kings County. Greeley also won nearby Westchester County and Rockland County, along with a handful of rural upstate counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025358-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. The state voters chose 10 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025358-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nNorth Carolina was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025359-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Ohio\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Ohio was held on November 5, 1872 as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. State voters chose 22 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025359-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Ohio\nOhio was won by the Republican Party candidate, incumbent President and Ohio native Ulysses S. Grant, who won the state with 53.24% of the popular vote. The Democratic and Liberal Republican Party candidate, Horace Greeley, garnered 46.15% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025360-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Oregon\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. The state voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025360-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Oregon\nOregon was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025361-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose 29 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025361-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nPennsylvania voted for the Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Liberal Republican candidate, Horace Greeley. Grant won Pennsylvania by a margin of 24.42%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025362-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. The state voters chose four electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025362-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nRhode Island was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri by a margin of 43.88%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025362-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nWith 71.94% of the popular vote, Rhode Island would be Grant's third strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont and South Carolina. It remains the best Republican performance in Rhode Island's history and the second-best by any candidate after Lyndon B. Johnson\u2019s 80.87% in 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025363-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. The state voters chose 7 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025363-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nSouth Carolina was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri by a margin of 51.95%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025363-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nWith 75.73% of the popular vote, South Carolina would be Grant's second strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025364-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025364-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nTennessee voted for the Liberal Republican candidate, Horace Greeley, over Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant. Greely won Tennessee by a margin of 4.32%. However, Greely died prior to the Electoral College meeting, allowing for Tennessee's twelve electors to vote for the candidate of their choice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025364-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Footnotes\nThis Tennessee elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 64], "content_span": [65, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025365-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Texas\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Texas was held on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight electors to represent the state in the Electoral College, which chose the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025365-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Texas\nTexas voted for the Liberal Republican nominee Horace Greeley, who received 57% of the vote. Greeley died before Congress could certify the results, leaving Texas electors (and the electors of five other states) free to vote for whoever they chose. All 8 electors voted for Thomas A. Hendricks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025365-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Texas\nThis was the first presidential election since 1860 that Texas participated in. It had seceded from the United States in March 1861 and joined the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. It would not participate in the following elections in 1864 and 1868 and would not be readmitted into the Union until 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025365-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Texas\nThis stood as the best performance for a Republican candidate for over half a century, until Republican Herbert Hoover won the state in 1928 as part of anti-catholic surge against Democratic nominee Al Smith. It also remains one of the best performances by a losing Republican in Texas, with only Richard Nixon in 1960 and Gerald Ford in 1976 outperforming Grant's 40.71%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025366-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Vermont\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. The state voters chose five electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025366-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Vermont\nVermont was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri by a margin of 57.67%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025366-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Vermont\nWith 78.29% of the popular vote, Vermont would be Grant's strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote. Grant's performance in the state was the third best for a Republican presidential candidate only after William McKinley's 80.08% in 1896 and Grant's 78.57% from four years earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025367-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Virginia\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025367-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Virginia\nVirginia voted for the Republican candidate, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant over the Democratic and Liberal Republican candidate, former U.S. Representative Horace Greeley. This was the first presidential election that Virginia participated in after the events of the U.S. Civil War, and also the first election where West Virginia wasn't apart of the state. It was also the first presidential election in which the state voted for a Republican candidate and would not occur again until 1928. The election was still very close in this state and Grant won Virginia by a margin of almost 1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025368-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by 172.58.110.171 (talk) at 20:21, 22 April 2021 (map). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025368-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 5, 1872. All contemporary 37 states were part of the 1872 United States presidential election. The state voters chose five electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025368-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nWest Virginia was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant of Illinois and his running mate Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. Grant and Wilson defeated the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominees, former Congressman Horace Greeley of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri by a margin of 4.46%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025369-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nThe 1872 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 5, 1872 as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. State voters chose ten electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025369-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nRepublican Party candidate and incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant won Wisconsin with 54.60 percent of the popular vote, winning the state's ten electoral votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025370-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1872 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 3, 1872. Incumbent Republican John W. Stewart, per the \"Mountain Rule\", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Julius Converse defeated Liberal Republican and Democratic nominee Abraham B. Gardner to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025371-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Victorian football season\nThe 1872 Victorian football season was an Australian rules football competition played during the winter of 1872. The season consisted of matches between football clubs in the colony of Victoria. The Melbourne Football Club was the premier club for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025371-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Victorian football season, 1872 season\nFour metropolitan clubs participated in senior football during the 1872 season: Albert-park, Carlton, Melbourne and South Yarra. Geelong and Ballarat also played, but since they played too few games, they are not listed with the metropolitan clubs below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025371-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Victorian football season, 1872 season\nMelbourne was the premier club for the season; Carlton was placed second. The two clubs were the dominant senior clubs in the colony, and the premiership was mostly determined based on the win-loss record in matches between the two: their four matches yielded two wins for Melbourne, one win for Carlton and one draw. Albert-park was placed third, its only win coming against South Yarra, who once again failed to win a game against any of the other principal clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025371-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Victorian football season, 1872 season\nThere was no Challenge Cup contested by the senior clubs during the 1872 season, but in the junior competition, a Junior Challenge Cup was established, contested and paid for equally by the four leading junior clubs: Collingwood, East Melbourne, Richmond and Southern. The cup was contested as a round-robin amongst the four teams, with each club playing the others twice, earning two premiership points for a win and one for a draw. Richmond won the cup with eight points; Collingwood was second with seven points; East Melbourne was third with six points; and Southern was fourth with three points. The junior clubs played several games at odds against the seniors, with the seniors usually fielding sixteen men to the juniors' twenty, compared with fifteen-to-twenty in 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 822]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025371-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Victorian football season, 1872 season, Senior results\nThe following table shows the clubs' senior results during the year amongst the four Challenge Cup teams, plus matches Carlton played against Geelong and Ballarat. Games played at odds and/or against junior clubs are not included in the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025372-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Waikato by-election\nThe 1872 Waikato by-election was a by-election held on 1 March 1872 in the Waikato electorate in the Waikato region of New Zealand during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025372-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Waikato by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP James McPherson on 20 December 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025372-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Waikato by-election\nThe by-election was won by Major William Jackson. He was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025372-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Waikato by-election\nThe election was delayed as the principal polling place was moved from Ng\u0101ruaw\u0101hia to Hamilton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025373-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Waikouaiti by-election\nThe 1872 Waikouaiti by-election was a by-election held on 12 June 1872 in the Waikouaiti electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025373-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Waikouaiti by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP George McLean on 19 March 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025373-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Waikouaiti by-election\nThe by-election was won by David Monro. He addressed the electors thanking them for their support:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025373-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Waikouaiti by-election, Results\nThe following table gives the election result (NB: Mr Thompson got 12 not 11 votes; from the Nelson Examiner subtotals by polling place):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025374-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Wairau by-election\nThe Wairau by-election 1872 was a by-election held in the Wairau electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament, on 19 February 1872. The by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP William Henry Eyes and was won by Arthur Seymour, who defeated Joseph Ward. Both candidates were prominent Marlborough politicians, and for both of them, this was their first attempt at election to the General Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025374-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Wairau by-election, Background, Incumbent\nWilliam Henry Eyes became a member of the Marlborough Provincial Council in 1860, and in the 1861 general election, he became a member of the General Assembly for the Wairau electorate by defeating the incumbent, the later premier Frederick Weld. Eyes was Superintendent of Marlborough Province from 1865 to 1870, but some of his actions as Superintendent made him a controversial figure. At the 1866 election, Eyes was returned unopposed for the Wairau electorate. In 1871, Eyes was challenged by Henry Redwood but remained the preferred representative by the voters. In December 1871, Eyes was appointed Crown Lands Commissioner for the Marlborough Province and as a public servant, he could no longer hold a seat in parliament or the provincial council and had to resign. This resignation triggered the parliamentary by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 879]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025374-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Wairau by-election, Background, Arthur Seymour\nArthur Seymour was another prominent politician in the Marlborough Province, and a strong rival of Eyes. Seymour was a member of the Marlborough Provincial Council almost continuously during its existence from 1860 to 1876. He was the leader of the Picton Party that managed to have the provincial buildings for Marlborough built in Picton instead of Blenheim. Seymour was Superintendent of Marlborough in 1864 and 1865, and when he was succeeded by Eyes, the capital seat was moved to Blenheim. The reason for Seymour's 1865 resignation was his appointment to the Legislative Council. Seymour in turn resigned from the Legislative Council in 1872 so that he could contest the Wairau by-election. In 1870, Seymour had commenced his second period as Superintendent for Marlborough Province.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025374-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 Wairau by-election, Background, Joseph Ward\nJoseph Ward was a surveyor by trade, and he became a significant runholder who at one point had 50,000 sheep. He joined provincial politics in 1853 when the provinces were set up. For the first five years, he represented the Wairau electorate in the Nelson Provincial Council. The Marlborough Province split off from Nelson, Ward was elected onto the Marlborough Provincial Council and had continuous representation until the abolition of the provincial system in 1876. Like Seymour, standing in the Wairau by-election was Ward's first attempt of getting elected to the general assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 48], "content_span": [49, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025374-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 Wairau by-election, Nomination\nThe nomination meeting was held at Blenheim on Wednesday, 14 February. The show of hands resulted in 27 votes for Seymour, and 14 for Ward. The supporters of Ward demanded a poll, and the date for this was set as Monday, 19 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025374-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 Wairau by-election, Results\nFour polling booths were provided in the Wairau electorate, and 283 votes were cast. Both candidates won two of the booths, but they had significantly different voter bases. Seymour won the election with a majority of 39 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025374-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 Wairau by-election, Results\nSeymour remained a member of the General Assembly until his resignation in 1875 prior to a trip to England. The resulting 1875 by-election was won by Ward, who defeated William Sefton Moorhouse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025375-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Wakatipu by-election\nThe 1872 Wakatipu by-election was a by-election held on 13 March 1872 in the Wakatipu electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025375-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Wakatipu by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Charles Edward Haughton on 21 December 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025375-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 Wakatipu by-election\nIt appears that Mr James Miller (a miner) was offered \"a consideration\" to stand down in favour of Mr James Macassey (a Dunedin lawyer), and a legal argument involving the editor of the Lake Wakatip Mail developed, with talk of a \"libel action\" and whether if the money was to a local charity was it still \"a consideration\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025376-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Wallingford by-election\nThe Wallingford by-election of 1872 was fought on 9 March 1872. The byelection was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Stanley Vickers. It was won by the Conservative candidate Edward Wells, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025377-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Washington Nationals season\nThe Washington Nationals played their first and only season of professional baseball in 1872 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished eleventh in the league with a record of 0-11.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025377-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025378-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Washington Olympics season\nThe Washington Olympics played their final season in 1872 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished 10th in the league with a record of 2-7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025378-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 Washington Olympics season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025379-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 West Cheshire by-election\nThe West Cheshire by-election of 1872 was contested on 17 February 1872 due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Tollemache. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate Wilbraham Tollemache.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025380-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 West Cumberland by-election\nThe West Cumberland by-election of 1872 was fought on 26 March 1872. The byelection was fought due to the Succession to a peerage of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Henry Lowther. It was won by the Conservative candidate The Lord Muncaster, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025381-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1872 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on October 8, 1872, to elect the governor of West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025381-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nIncumbent John Jeremiah Jacob was denied renomination by the Democratic Party, which was controlled by Camden. Jacob ran on the ad hoc \"People's Independent\" ticket with Republican support. He was re-elected by 2400 votes for a four-year term. Camden's men controlled the legislature, and passed \"ripper\" laws that stripped Jacob of his appointment powers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025381-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nWest Virginia began electing its governor to a 4-year term, starting this election. Previously the governor was elected to a 2-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025382-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Wexford Borough by-election\nThe Wexford Borough by-election of 1872 was fought on 26 April 1872[20 3]. The election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Richard Joseph Devereux. It was won by the Home Rule candidate William Archer Redmond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025383-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Wick Burghs by-election\nThe Wick Burghs by-election of 1872 was fought on 28 February 1872. The byelection was fought due to the Resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, George Loch. It was won by the Liberal candidate John Pender.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025384-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1872 Yale Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Yale University in the 1872 college football season. The team finished with a 1\u20130 record and was retroactively named co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. They played Columbia at Hamilton Park and won 3\u20130. Each team had 20 players and the field was 400 feet long and 250 wide (134 by 83 yards). Tommy Sherman scored the first goal and Lew Irwin the other two. The team's captain was David Schley Schaff, who attended the Rugby School in England where he learned to play football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025385-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States House of Representatives elections\nElections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1872 and 1873 for representatives to the 43rd Congress, coinciding with the re-election of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025385-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States House of Representatives elections\nGrant's Republican Party increased its majority greatly at the expense of the opposition Democratic Party. The pro-industry outlook of the Republicans appealed to many Northern voters, especially as the post-war economy exploded, and this allowed the party to flourish as the Industrial Revolution grew more widespread. The Republicans also benefited from a continuing association with Civil War victory as well as disarray amongst Democratic leadership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025385-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries\nFollowing the 1870 Census, the House was reapportioned, initially adding 40 seats, followed by a subsequent amendment to the apportionment act adding another seat to 9 states, resulting in a total increase of 49 seats. No states lost seats, 10 states had no change, 13 states gained 1 seat each, 9 states gained 2 seats, 3 states gained 3 seats, 1 State gained 4 seats, and 1 State gained 5 seats. Prior to the supplemental act, two states (New Hampshire and Vermont) had each lost 1 seat. This was the first reapportionment after the repeal of the three-fifths compromise by the 14th Amendment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 82], "content_span": [83, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025385-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States House of Representatives elections, Election dates\nIn 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors. This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their Congressional elections to this date as well. In 1872\u201373, there were still 9 states with earlier election dates, and 2 states with later election dates:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 78], "content_span": [79, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025385-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States House of Representatives elections, California\nA new seat was added, following the 1870 U.S. Census, bringing the delegation up from three to four Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 74], "content_span": [75, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025385-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States House of Representatives elections, Florida\nFlorida gained a second seat after the 1870 census, but delayed districting until 1874, electing both Representatives at-large for this election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 71], "content_span": [72, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025385-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States House of Representatives elections, Louisiana\nIn the newly-formed at-large district, George A. Sheridan (Liberal Republican) beat P. B. S. Pinchback (Republican), the first black Governor of Louisiana. Pinchback challenged the election and it was settled in February 1875, in Sheridan's favor, only one month before the end of the Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 73], "content_span": [74, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025385-0007-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States House of Representatives elections, Ohio\nAfter redistricting and eleven retirements, only four of the nineteen incumbents were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 68], "content_span": [69, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025385-0008-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States House of Representatives elections, Wisconsin\nWisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 5, 1872. Two seats were newly added in reapportionment after the 1870 census.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 73], "content_span": [74, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025386-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections\nThe United States Senate elections of 1872 and 1873 were elections which had the Republican Party, while still retaining a commanding majority, lose two seats in the United States Senate. By the beginning of the Congress, however, they'd lost three more: two as defections to the Liberal Republican Party, and one a resignation of Henry Wilson to become U.S. Vice President. These elections also coincided with President Ulysses S. Grant's easy re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025386-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections\nAs these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025386-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections, Change in composition, Before the elections\nAfter the January 30, 1872 special election in North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 89], "content_span": [90, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025386-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 42nd Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were seated during 1872 or in 1873 before March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 104], "content_span": [105, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025386-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 43rd Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1873; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025386-0005-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 43rd Congress\nIn this election, the winner was elected in 1873 after March 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025386-0006-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe New York election was held January 21, 1873. Republican Roscoe Conkling had been elected in January 1867 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025386-0007-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections, New York\nAt the State election in November 1871, 21 Republicans and 11 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1872-1873) in the State Senate. In 1872, a faction of the Republican Party opposed the re-election of President Ulysses S. Grant and the Radical Republicans who supported him, and under the name Liberal Republican Party nominated a joint ticket with the Democratic Party. At the State election in November 1872, 91 Republicans, 35 Democrats and 2 Independents were elected for the session of 1873 to the Assembly. The 96th New York State Legislature met from January 7 to May 30, 1873, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025386-0008-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 8, State Senator William B. Woodin, of Auburn (25th D.), presided. 18 state senators and 88 assemblymen were present. They re-nominated Conkling unanimously. The caucus of the Democratic State legislators nominated Ex-First Judge of Dutchess County Charles Wheaton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025386-0009-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections, New York\nRoscoe Conkling was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025386-0010-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections, New York\nNote: The vote for Ex-U.S. Attorney General William M. Evarts was cast by Norman M. Allen (32nd district), the vote for Ex-Judge of the New York Court of Appeals Henry R. Selden by Gabriel T. Harrower (27th  district). Allen, Harrower and Abiah W. Palmer (11th  district) were the three Liberal Republicans in the State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025386-0011-0000", "contents": "1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania\nThe Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and the Pennsylvania State Senate, voted on January 21, 1873. Incumbent Republican Simon Cameron, who was elected in 1867, won re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025387-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 college football season\nThe 1872 college football season is considered to be the third season ever played of intercollegiate football competition, due to no season taking place (no games played) in 1871. Much like in the first and second years, 1869 and 1870, the rules were still considered in flux, and were decided on in a game-to-game basis. However, the rules used likely did not resemble anything that a modern football observer would recognize, being that of a mix of soccer and rugby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025387-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 college football season\nIn addition to the 3 teams competing in the 1870 season (Columbia, Rutgers, and Princeton), there were the two additional teams of Stevens Tech and Yale competing, to bring the total number of teams up to five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025387-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 college football season, Regular season\nThe five game season began on November 2, 1872, with the first college football game tie, in a 0\u20130 contest between Rutgers and Columbia on Columbia's campus. Organized intercollegiate football was first played in the state of Connecticut on November 16. It was the first game in New England. The game was essentially soccer with 20-man sides, played on a field 400 by 250 feet. Yale won 3\u20130, Tommy Sherman scoring the first goal and Lew Irwin the other two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025387-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 college football season, Regular season\nThe season ended on November 23, 1872, with the fifth and final game of the year, a 6\u20130 win of Columbia over Stevens Tech in Stevens Tech's first official game that they played as an institution. Over the course of the season, there were only 5 total games played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025387-0004-0000", "contents": "1872 college football season, Regular season\n1872 saw the first time that two teams finished with an undefeated record (both 1\u20130). Princeton and Yale are generally considered to have (retroactively) split the college football national championship for play during the 1872 season. The Billingsley Report and the National Championship Foundation named Princeton as the national champion, while football research historian Parke H. Davis named it a split title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025389-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1872 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025390-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025390-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1872 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025390-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1872 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025392-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in Brazil\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by BHGbot (talk | contribs) at 20:30, 18 June 2020 (WP:BHGbot 6 (List 5): eponymous category first, per MOS:CATORDER; WP:GENFIXES). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025393-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in Canada, Historical documents\nPrivy Council committee recommends terms to encourage Mennonites to immigrate", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025393-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 in Canada, Historical documents\nGovernment fails to establish some agreed-to First Nations reserves, while settlers steal the timber", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025393-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 in Canada, Historical documents\nSandford Fleming reports on difficulties surveying the route of the Canadian Pacific Railway", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025393-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 in Canada, Historical documents\nIndigenous paddlers race each other on the CPR survey expedition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025394-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1872 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025400-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in Iran\nThe following lists events that have happened in 1872 in the Qajar dynasty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025403-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1872 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025403-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 in New Zealand, Sport, Athletics\nThe first recorded amateur athletic meeting takes place, in Christchurch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025403-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 in New Zealand, Sport, Golf\nThe first golf club in New Zealand is formed in Otago to play on a 9-hole course at Mornington, Dunedin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025403-0003-0000", "contents": "1872 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nThe Dunedin Bowling and Quoiting Club opens its own green.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025408-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1872 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025410-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1872 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025411-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in architecture\nThe year 1872 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025413-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in association football\nThe following are events in 1872 which are relevant to the development of association football. Included are events in closely related codes, such as the Sheffield Rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025414-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1872  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025415-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in birding and ornithology\nBirds described in 1872 include the Chilean flamingo, snowy egret, black-tailed crake, Cyprus warbler, Baikal bullfinch, Persian shearwater, red-fronted antpecker, Tibetan serin, Newton's parakeet and the orange fruit dove.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025416-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025418-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025419-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025419-0001-0000", "contents": "1872 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025419-0002-0000", "contents": "1872 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025420-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025421-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in science\nThe year 1872 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025422-0000-0000", "contents": "1872 in sports\n1872 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025425-0000-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Barnes F.C. season\nThis was the eleventh season of Barnes Football Club. Barnes were surprisingly eliminated in the first round of the F.A. Cup by the debutants South Norwood, despite having far greater experience with association football rules. Club captain Charles Morice played for England in the first international match against Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025426-0000-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 FA Cup\nThe 1872\u201373 Football Association Challenge Cup was the second staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest national football tournament. Sixteen teams entered, one more than the previous season, although two of the sixteen never actually played a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025426-0001-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 FA Cup\nIn keeping with the original concept of it being a \"challenge\" cup, the holders, Wanderers, were given a bye all the way to the final, for which they were also allowed to select the venue. This was the only season in which the holders were granted these privileges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025426-0002-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 FA Cup\nQueen's Park were given byes until the semi-finals in order to reduce the amount of travelling necessary, but then withdrew anyway when scheduled to play Oxford University, who therefore received a walk-over to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025426-0003-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 FA Cup, Format\nFirst Round: 14 teams (all except Queen's Park and defending champions Wanderers) would play, each match eliminating the loser.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025426-0004-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 FA Cup, Format\nSecond Round: 6 teams (Royal Engineers getting a bye) would play, the winners advancing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025426-0005-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 FA Cup, Format\nThird Round: The 3 winners and Royal Engineers would play. The winners would advance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025426-0006-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 FA Cup, Format\nFourth Round: The two remaining teams from the Third Round would play, the winner facing Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025426-0007-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 FA Cup, Format\nSemi-Final: The Fourth Round team would face Queen's Park. However, this was not needed as Queen's Park withdrew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025426-0008-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 FA Cup, Format\nFinal: The Semi-Final team would face Wanderers, the defending champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025426-0009-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 FA Cup, Final\nAs the 1871\u201372 Cup winners, Wanderers had not played in the cup before this game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025426-0010-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 FA Cup, Final\nThe final was played at Lillie Bridge. The attendance of 3,000 was considered low, and of those who did attend, not all stayed for the whole duration of the game. This was attributed to the Boat Race occurring later the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025427-0000-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Home Nations rugby union matches\nThe 1872\u201373 Home Nations rugby union matches was a single international friendly held between the England and Scotland national rugby union teams. With no other recognised rugby union teams in Britain or the rest of the World, the encounter between Scotland and England represented the only possible match that could be arranged, and would continue as such until 1875, when Ireland formed a national team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025427-0001-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Home Nations rugby union matches, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025427-0002-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nScotland: WD Brown (Glasgow Academicals), T Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), James Sanderson (Edinburgh Academicals), GB McClure (West of Scotland), JLH McFarlane (Edinburgh Academicals), W St Clair Grant (Craigmount School), TR Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), Henry William Allan (Glasgow Academicals), P Anton (St. Andrew's University), EM Bannerman (Edinburgh Academicals), CC Bryce (Glasgow Academicals), CW Cathcart (Edinburgh University), John Davidson (RIE College), RW Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), JAW Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), AG Petrie (Royal HSFP), FJ Moncreiff (Edinburgh Academicals) capt., TP Whittington (Merchistonians), RW Wilson (West of Scotland), A Wood (Royal HSFP)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025427-0003-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nEngland: Charles Vanderspar (Richmond), Frederick Mills (Marlborough Nomads), Sydney Morse (Law Club), Harold Freeman (Marlborough Nomads), Cecil Boyle (Oxford University), Stephen Finney (I.C.E. College), James Body  (Gipsies), James Bush (Clifton), Ernest Cheston (Law Club), William Fletcher (Marlborough Nomads), Alfred St. George Hamersley (Marlborough Nomads), Henry Arnold Lawrence (Richmond), Francis Luscombe (Gipsies), James Mackinlay (St George's Hospital), Henry Marsh (I.C.E. College), Murray Marshall (Blackheath), Cyril Rickards (Gipsies), Ernest Still (Ravenscourt Park), Frederick Stokes (Blackheath) capt., Dawson Turner (Richmond)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025428-0000-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Queen's Park F.C. season\nThe 1872\u201373 season was the second season of competitive football by Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025428-0001-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Queen's Park F.C. season, Overview\nQueen's Park again entered the FA Cup in 1872\u201373. This was the only season the FA Cup was a true \"challenge\" cup. The defending champions were given a bye to the final with the remaining teams facing off against one another to determine who should challenge them for the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025428-0002-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Queen's Park F.C. season, Overview\nIn order to reduce travel, Queen's Park were given byes through to the semi-finals where they were due to face Oxford University for the right to face defending champions Wanderers in the final. However, they withdrew before the match and Oxford University were given a walkover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025428-0003-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Queen's Park F.C. season, Overview\nDuring the club's early years, the team would play in dark blue shirts and grey shorts. The now traditional black and white hoops weren't introduced until October 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025429-0000-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1872-73 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025429-0001-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the Inter-City fixtures between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025429-0002-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe Glasgow District v Edinburgh District match is the first representative district match in the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025429-0003-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Scottish Districts season, History\nOriginally this was a twice a season fixture; and it was in this 1872-73 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025429-0004-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe matches in this season were 20 - a - side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025429-0005-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe district matches between Glasgow and Edinburgh, as Scotland's two largest cities, were known as the Inter-City rivalry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025429-0006-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nGlasgow District:Backs: Thomas Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), William Davie Brown (Glasgow Academicals), William Hamilton Kidston (West of Scotland)Half Backs: William Cross (Glasgow Academicals), T. A. Drew (Glasgow Academicals)Quarter Backs: George Buchanan McClure (West of Scotland), John Arthur (Glasgow Academicals) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025429-0006-0001", "contents": "1872\u201373 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nCaptain]Forwards: John Kennedy Todd, Henry William Allan, Charles Chalmers Bryce, George Raphael Fleming, J.S. Thomson, J.K. Brown (all Glasgow Academicals)James Howe McClure, J. Kennedy, J.P. Tennant, Robert Wilson, G. Hunter, A. Cochrane (all West of Scotland)J.W. Reid (Glasgow University)Edinburgh District: A. Ross (Wanderers), J. Patullo (Craigmount), Thomas Roger Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), William St Clair Grant (Craigmount), J. Junor (Royal High School), J. A. W. Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), and E. Thew (Merchistonians), backs\u00a0; Francis Moncreiff (captain), R. W. Irvine, E. M. Bannerman, James Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), Angus Buchanan, Alexander Petrie, and M. Sanderson (Royal High School), Charles Walker Cathcart and John Lisle Hall MacFarlane (Edinburgh University), Tom Whittington (Merchistonians), Benjamin Blyth II (Merchistonians), J. Forsyth and A. R. Stewart (Wanderers), forwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 974]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025429-0007-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nEdinburgh District: G. F. Raynor (Royal HSFP), Blackwood (Edinburgh Academicals), Thomas Roger Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), W. St. Clair Grant (Craigmount), J. L. Macfarlane (Edinburgh Wanderers),  J. Junor (Royal High School), J. A. W. Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), F. Penny (Edinburgh Wanderers), Francis Moncreiff (captain) (Edinburgh Academicals), Charles Walker Cathcart (Edinburgh University),  Angus Buchanan (Edinburgh University), Edward Bannerman (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Forsyth (Edinburgh Wanderers), Tom Whittington (Merchistonians), R. W. Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), Alexander Petrie (Royal High School), Benjamin Blyth II (Merchistonians), James Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), Alexander Wood (Royal HSFP), W. K. Gair (Edinburgh Academicals)Glasgow District:Backs: Thomas Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), William Davie Brown (Glasgow Academicals)Half Backs:William Hamilton Kidston (West of Scotland), T. A. Drew (Glasgow Academicals)Quarter Backs: George Buchanan McClure (West of Scotland), John Arthur (Glasgow Academicals) [ Captain]Forwards: George Raphael Fleming,  J.S. Thomson, J. S. Tod, J. Ritchie, W. M. Brown, A. T. Arthur, Allan Arthur (all Glasgow Academicals)James Howe McClure, J. Kennedy, J. Bolton, T. Y. Kennedy, Robert Wilson, A. Cochrane (all West of Scotland)C.E. Hope (Glasgow University)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 1392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025430-0000-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 in English football\nThe 1872\u201373 season was the second season of competitive football in England. The Football Association staged the second edition of the FA Cup, with Wanderers retaining the trophy by defeating Oxford University in the final. The first officially recognised international football match took place on 30 November 1872 when Scotland hosted England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025430-0001-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 in English football, International matches, First official international\nThe Scotland v England match in November 1872 is now officially recognised by FIFA as the first-ever international football match. The Football Association (FA) had initiated five matches between English and Scottish players since 1870, but those are now rated as representative games only because the Scotland teams consisted entirely of Anglo-Scots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 80], "content_span": [81, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025430-0002-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 in English football, International matches, First official international\nThe first international match that is now officially recognised took place after Queen's Park, the leading Scottish club at the time, invited the FA to select an England team to face a Scotland team (which, as they selected it, consisted entirely of Queen's Park players). The match took place at the Hamilton Crescent cricket ground in Partick, Glasgow on 30 November 1872 and ended in a 0\u20130 draw in front of around 4,000 spectators. England's team was captained by Cuthbert Ottaway of Oxford University and consisted of players from eight different clubs and one Army regiment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 80], "content_span": [81, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025430-0003-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 in English football, International matches, Return fixture\nThe FA hosted a return match at Kennington Oval on 8 March 1873, now officially rated the first international match in England. England adopted Scotland's 2\u20132\u20136 formation but retained only two of the players who had appeared in the November match. These were Harwood Greenhalgh of Notts County in defence and Charles Chenery of the original Crystal Palace club in attack. This team had a strong Wanderers influence with Leonard Howell, Walpole Vidal, Alexander Bonsor, William Kenyon-Slaney and Hubert Heron all selected (there were no Wanderers players in the Glasgow match). Of those, however, only Heron would play more than two matches for England. The other players selected were Alexander Morten in goal, William Clegg (whose brother Charlie had played in the previous match) and two Royal Engineers, Pelham von Donop and Alfred Goodwyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 910]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025430-0004-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 in English football, International matches, Scottish FA founded\nThe Scotland team lacked funding and could only raise enough money to cover rail fares for eight players to travel. Their team was augmented by three of the Anglo-Scots who had appeared in the representative matches: A. F. Kinnaird, John Blackburn and Henry Renny-Tailyour. The match ended in a 4\u20132 victory for England with Kenyon-Slaney scoring the first-ever international goal. The Scottish Football Association was belatedly formed on 13 March, five days after the second match, and assumed responsibility for running the Scotland team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025430-0005-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 in English football, FA Cup\nIn the second edition of the FA Cup, the rules granted automatic qualification to the final for the holders, Wanderers, on a challenge basis similar to that employed in boxing. The final was played on 29 March 1873 at Lillie Bridge, a ground which Wanderers sometimes used as their home venue. Wanderers retained the trophy with a 2\u20130 victory over Oxford University. The challenge rule was scrapped after this match so that, in 1874, Wanderers began their defence in the first round with all other entrants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025430-0006-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 in English football, FA Cup\nOxford University came through four rounds to reach the final. In turn, they defeated Crystal Palace at home 3\u20132, Clapham Rovers away 0\u20133 and Royal Engineers at home 1\u20130. In the semi-final, they were due to play Queen's Park but the Scottish club withdrew and Oxford University went into the final on a walkover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025430-0007-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 in English football, Honours\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's tournament record as winners/runners-up. * indicates a new record for most competition wins.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025431-0000-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 in Scottish football\nSeason 1872\u201373 was the first in Scottish football in which the national team participated in officially recognised matches. There were as yet no organised domestic competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025431-0001-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 in Scottish football, Overview\nQueen's Park continued to be pioneers in the development of the sport in Scotland. As in the previous season, they entered for the FA Cup, albeit they failed to play any active part in this season's tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025431-0002-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 in Scottish football, Overview\nTheir most significant action in the 1872\u201373 season was to help initiate the birth of international football, organising the Scotland side which took on England in what is considered the first \"official\" international match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025431-0003-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 in Scottish football, FA Cup\nIn recognition of the travel difficulties they faced in reaching South East England, where the other entrants were all based, Queen's were allowed a bye directly through to the semi-finals, where they were drawn against Oxford University, however Queen's were still unable to finance the journey and withdrew from the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025431-0004-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 in Scottish football, Scotland national team, Overview\nThis season saw the first official international match take place against England. Whilst a series of \"England v Scotland\" matches organised by C. W. Alcock had taken in London over the previous two years, these matches were never considered truly representative, with the Scottish sides being composed almost entirely of London residents. In 1872, Queen's Park, as Scotland's leading club, took it upon themselves to organise what has entered the history books as the first \"official\" international, despite the fact there was as yet no Scottish Football Association to sanction it. Appropriately enough, the match was arranged for St Andrew's Day, and the West of Scotland Cricket Club's ground at Hamilton Crescent in Partick was selected as the venue. A crowd of approximately 4,000 people attended on the day, although the time of the match had been delayed by fog.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 62], "content_span": [63, 933]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025431-0005-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 in Scottish football, Scotland national team, Overview\nThe Scottish eleven was selected by captain and goalkeeper Robert Gardner and was drawn entirely from Queen's Park members, although some played with other clubs as well. The dark blue shirts which would become synonymous with the national team were worn on this first occasion because they were at that time the colours of Queen's Park. The English wore white shirts. The English wore caps, while the Scots wore red cowls. The match itself contrasted the dribbling style then popular in England with the Scots' passing football, but finished goalless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 62], "content_span": [63, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025431-0005-0001", "contents": "1872\u201373 in Scottish football, Scotland national team, Overview\nThe Scots had a goal disallowed in the first half after the umpires decided that the ball had cleared the tape which was used before crossbars were introduced. The latter part of the match saw the Scots defence under pressure by the heavier English forwards. The Scots played two full backs, two half backs and six forwards. The English played only one full back, one half back and eight forwards. Since three defenders were required for a ball played to be onside, the English system was virtually a ready-made offside trap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 62], "content_span": [63, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025431-0006-0000", "contents": "1872\u201373 in Scottish football, Scotland national team, Overview\nThe return fixture the following March marked the first official meeting of the sides in England, and again took place at a cricket ground, The Oval, with the English adopting Scotland's 2-2-6 formation. The severely limited funds available to the fledgling SFA meant they were only able to finance rail fares to London for eight players, so the team was augmented with three Anglo-Scots who had appeared in the earlier unofficial series, Lord Kinnaird, John Blackburn and Henry Renny-Tailyour. The latter had the honour of scoring Scotland's first international goal, but the match ended in a 4\u20132 defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 62], "content_span": [63, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025432-0000-0000", "contents": "1873\n1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1873rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 873rd  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 73rd  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  4th   year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1873, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025433-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Agenor\n1873 Agenor /\u0259\u02c8d\u0292i\u02d0n\u0254\u02d0r/ (prov. designation: 1971 FH) is a dark Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 53 kilometers (33 miles) in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar\u2013Leiden Trojan survey in 1971, and later named after Agenor from Greek mythology. The dark Jovian asteroid belongs to the 100 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 20.60 hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025433-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Agenor, Discovery\nAgenor was discovered on 25 March 1971, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Dutch\u2013American astronomer Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in the Palomar Mountain Range, southeast of Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 22], "content_span": [23, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025433-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Agenor, Discovery, Palomar\u2013Leiden survey\nThe discovery was made in a survey of faint Trojans, one night after the discovery of 1870\u00a0Glaukos. The trio of Dutch and Dutch\u2013American astronomers also collaborated on the productive Palomar\u2013Leiden survey in the 1960s, using the same procedure as for this (smaller) survey: Tom Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Cornelis and Ingrid van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 45], "content_span": [46, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025433-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 Agenor, Orbit and classification\nAgenor is a dark Jovian asteroid in a 1:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter. It is located in the trailering Trojan camp at the Gas Giant's L5 Lagrangian point, 60\u00b0 behind its orbit (see Trojans in astronomy). It is also a non-family asteroid of the Jovian background population. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.7\u20135.7\u00a0AU once every 11 years and 12 months (4,370 days; semi-major axis of 5.23\u00a0AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 22\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Palomar in March 1971.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 37], "content_span": [38, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025433-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 Agenor, Physical characteristics, Rotation period\nIn February 1994, photometric observations with the ESO 1-metre telescope by astronomer Stefano Mottola and Anders Erikson at La Silla Observatory in Chile, were used to build a rotational lightcurve showing a rotation period of 20.60\u00b10.03 hours with a brightness variation of 0.08\u00b10.01 in magnitude (U=2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 54], "content_span": [55, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025433-0005-0000", "contents": "1873 Agenor, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nAccording to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Agenor measures between 50.80 and 54.38 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.038 and 0.062. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0506 and a diameter of 53.89 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 58], "content_span": [59, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025433-0006-0000", "contents": "1873 Agenor, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nNote: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB () and from the LCDB () for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 58], "content_span": [59, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025433-0007-0000", "contents": "1873 Agenor, Naming\nThis minor planet was named for Agenor, who was able to inflict a wound on the Greek warrior Achilles. The Olympian deity Apollo assumed Agenor's form to distract Achilles while the Trojans forces were retreating. The minor planets 588 Achilles and 1862 Apollo are named after these two figures from Greek mythology. The body's name was suggested by Brian G. Marsden, the then director of the MPC. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1975 (M.P.C. 3826).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 19], "content_span": [20, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025434-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Alpago earthquake\nThe 1873 Alpago earthquake occurred near the Italian city of Belluno on June 29 in the geologically active Alpago Valley of the Veneto region; the zone is rated as two on a four-degree risk scale (one being the highest). The 6.3 magnitude quake was rated as IX\u2013X (Violent\u2013Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Intensities greater than VII (Very strong) were confined to the provinces of Belluno, Treviso and Pordenone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025434-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Alpago earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake struck at 4:29\u00a0a.m. on June 29, 1873, a day which was to be a local holiday celebrating Saint Peter and Saint Paul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025434-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Alpago earthquake, Earthquake\nThe shock was strongly felt in the whole Veneto region, damaging mostly the towns located in the Alpago basin, in Val Lapisina and above the Cansiglio plateau. It was felt as far away as Genova, Marche and Umbria, Slovenia, Austria, Switzerland and Bavaria. The epicenter was at the northern edge of Santa Croce Lake, 12 kilometres (7.5\u00a0mi) east of Belluno.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025434-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 Alpago earthquake, Casualties and damage\nThirty people died in the Alpago area, and ten more in the rest of the Province of Belluno. The towns of Rugolo, Cappella Maggiore, and Sarmede reported 16 casualties, but in San Pietro di Feletto, 38 people perished when the old church's roof collapsed while the morning mass in honor of Saint Peter, the city's saint, was being celebrated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025434-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 Alpago earthquake, Casualties and damage\nIn the most stricken zones, a third of the buildings were damaged. In Belluno itself, the duomo's apse collapsed. Eight buildings were completely destroyed, another 110 later had to be demolished, 139 needed restoration, and 251 were in need of some work. One church was destroyed, and other seven were damaged. In the city's outskirts, two blocks had to be demolished, 21 houses needed restoration and 219 more received slight damage. No building in the city was left undamaged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025434-0005-0000", "contents": "1873 Alpago earthquake, Casualties and damage\nIn the surrounding towns, 15 houses collapsed, 66 had to be demolished later, 243 needed restoration and 669 had to be repaired. About 260 houses went unscathed. Four churches were destroyed, and 21 more were severely damaged. The city of Venice sustained minor damage, assessed as 6th degree on the Mercalli scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025434-0006-0000", "contents": "1873 Alpago earthquake, Discovery of the effect of soil on damage severity\nIn Ceneda, the seminary, the cathedral steeple and San Martino Castle were damaged or destroyed. The nearby town of Serravalle experienced little damage (only the partial collapse of the Turris Nigra, a tower), later explained by the different composition of the underlying soil by seismologists Torquato Taramelli and Giulio Andrea Pirona; the scientists discovered that Serravalle sat above a compact slab of limestone, while Ceneda, just a few kilometers away, rested on soil composed of alluvial conglomerates. This discovery was instrumental in developing the seismic macro-zoning process, a technique used to better assess the risk of damage from earthquakes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 74], "content_span": [75, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025434-0007-0000", "contents": "1873 Alpago earthquake, Relief efforts\nA public funding subscription was held in Vittorio Veneto, raising 2232,45 lire, while a provincial committee succeeded in raising 26.771,90 lire for the reconstruction. Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Italy, personally committed 1000 lire to the effort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025434-0008-0000", "contents": "1873 Alpago earthquake, Relief efforts\nAuthorities reacted quickly to the disaster, asking for help from the Army and the Carabinieri in order to remove the rubble, set up tents and communications, and maintain order among the refugees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025434-0009-0000", "contents": "1873 Alpago earthquake, Relief efforts\nA wood shortage led to delays in the repairs of damaged buildings. In the following weeks, a military brigade was given the task of felling enough trees to meet the needs of reconstruction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025435-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Armagh County by-election\nThe Armagh County by-election of 1873 was held on 15 February 1873. The byelection was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir William Verner. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate Edward Wingfield Verner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025436-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1873 Atlantic hurricane season was quiet, with only two tropical storms and three hurricanes, two of which were major hurricanes (Category 3+), being recorded. However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. Of the known cyclones, large alterations were made to the tracks of Hurricane Two and Hurricane Five in 1995 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz, who also proposed smaller changes to the known track of Hurricane Three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025436-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane database, HURDAT, recognizes five tropical cyclones for the 1873 season. Three storms attained hurricane status, with winds of 75\u00a0mph (119\u00a0km/h) or greater. The second and fifth hurricanes of the season were the most intense, with maximum sustained winds up to 120\u00a0mph (190\u00a0km/h). The first storm of the season was a tropical storm that developed near the Bahamas on June\u00a01 and made landfall near the Florida/Georgia border the next day before dissipating. The most notable storm of the season was Hurricane Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025436-0001-0001", "contents": "1873 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nIt formed as a tropical storm on August\u00a013 in the Atlantic and became a hurricane on August\u00a017. It made landfall at Newfoundland on August\u00a026 and became extratropical the next day. The hurricane caused a great deal of damage and great loss of life. Hurricane Three was first seen in the Gulf of Mexico on September\u00a018. It struck Florida the next day and passed over Georgia and South Carolina before dissipating on September\u00a020. The second tropical storm of the season traveled from the Gulf of Mexico across Florida between September\u00a022 and September\u00a024. The final hurricane of the season formed in the eastern Caribbean on September\u00a026 before reaching Haiti. It weakened and restrengthened to a major hurricane before hitting Florida on October\u00a07. The storm became extratropical on October\u00a09 and dissipated the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 869]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025436-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nThe first storm of the season developed on June\u00a01 over the western Bahamas. It moved northward before turning and striking near the Florida/Georgia border on June\u00a02. The storm quickly dissipated. It produced 28\u00a0mph (45\u00a0km/h) wind gusts in Jacksonville, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025436-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nOn August\u00a013, a tropical storm formed in the Atlantic. It followed the track of a Cape Verde hurricane, becoming a hurricane on August\u00a017. It recurved to the north and northeast as it was reaching its peak of 115\u00a0mph\u00a0(185\u00a0km/h). As it passed to the south of Nova Scotia, it slowed down, and drifted towards the coast of Newfoundland. The hurricane was able to retain hurricane strength, and made landfall on Newfoundland on August\u00a026, and became extratropical the next day. Despite its relatively low maximum winds, the Nova Scotia Cyclone was a deadly storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025436-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nAlso known as \"The Lord's Day Gale\" and \"The Great Nova Scotia Hurricane of 1873,\" it destroyed 1200 boats and 900 buildings in Nova Scotia, and killed at least 223 people, mostly sailors who were lost at sea. This number is disputed, as The Monthly Weather Review, published by the Weather Service, set the death toll at 223 but The New York Times published a death toll of 600. The hurricane caused $3.5\u00a0million in damage (1873 US dollars, or $53.9\u00a0million in 2005\u00a0dollars). During this hurricane, the first hurricane warning was issued between Cape May, New Jersey and New London, Connecticut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025436-0005-0000", "contents": "1873 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nA hurricane was first observed in the central Gulf of Mexico on September\u00a018.It moved quickly northeastward, striking St. Marks, Florida on September\u00a019, There, it produced heavy damage. Later, it weakened to tropical storm as it crossed over Georgia and South Carolina, although it briefly regained hurricane status before last being observed late on September\u00a020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025436-0006-0000", "contents": "1873 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four\nA few days after the previous storm, another storm was observed in the eastern Gulf of Mexico on September\u00a022. It moved across Florida the next day, and was last observed on September\u00a024.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025436-0007-0000", "contents": "1873 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nA tropical storm was first seen in the eastern Caribbean on September\u00a026. It moved northwestward, hitting Haiti as a 115\u00a0mph\u00a0(185\u00a0km/h) hurricane. It turned westward as a minimal tropical storm, but as it crossed the Yucat\u00e1n Channel, it restrengthened, becoming a major hurricane again before hitting southwest Florida on October\u00a07. The hurricane became extratropical on October\u00a09 before dissipating the next day. The hurricane generated a 14-foot storm tide at Punta Rassa, Florida. The hurricane caused 26 deaths with the loss of a ship, the Maisi and may also have caused a schooner, the Maine, with 16 on board, to be lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025437-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Baltimore Canaries season\nThe Baltimore Canaries played in 1873 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished third in the league with a record of 34-22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025437-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Baltimore Canaries season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025438-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Baltimore Marylands season\nThe Baltimore Marylands played their first and only season in 1873 as a member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished ninth in the league with a record of 0-6 before the team dropped out of the Association and folded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025438-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Baltimore Marylands season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025439-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Bank of England forgeries\nFrom 21 January to 28 February 1873, four American con-artists defrauded the Bank of England of \u00a3102,217, equivalent to nearly \u00a310 million in 2015. The four men responsible for the Bank of England forgeries, brothers George and Austin Bidwell, George MacDonnell and Edwin Noyes were convicted at the Old Bailey and sentenced to life imprisonment. The discovery of the crime, and the subsequent investigations and trials, received widespread attention at the time, with the London Times describing it as one of the \"most skillful attempts to prey upon the complex organization of modern commerce.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025439-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Bank of England forgeries, Background\nThe men responsible were already experienced fraudsters prior to the Bank of England forgeries. George Bidwell, 33 at the time of the forgeries, had been sentenced to two years imprisonment in 1865 for his part in defrauding grocers in West Virginia. His brother Austin Bidwell, 25 at the time of the forgeries, was already a notorious bank forger in the United States. George MacDonnell, a Harvard graduate, had previously been carrying out extensive forgery operations in New England and was incarcerated at Sing Sing where he became acquainted with the Bidwell brothers, who were also serving time there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025439-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Bank of England forgeries, Background\nAfter their release, the Bidwell brothers and MacDonnell began carrying out various forgery operations. Using forged letters of credit, the three men defrauded banks across the United States and Europe. After a forgery campaign in Brazil, the three men headed over to England in 1872 to begin their scheme to defraud the Bank of England. George Bidwell contacted Edwin Noyes in New York, who joined the group in London for the scam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025439-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 Bank of England forgeries, Crime\nThe scam began with Austin Bidwell setting up a deposit account with a branch of the Bank of England under the pretense of opening a pullman car manufacturing business in the region, so as not to raise suspicion of his large financial transactions. For months prior to the fraud, Bidwell behaved as an ordinary customer, depositing genuine bills that had been secured by George Bidwell and MacDonnell into the account. Then from 21 January to 28 February 1873, the group forged and cashed over 94 bills of exchange worth over \u00a3100,000, which were then transferred to the Continental Bank. Noyes acted as the delivery man for the group, exchanging the funds obtained from the forged cheques for US bonds and gold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 750]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025439-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 Bank of England forgeries, Arrests and trials\nThe forgeries were discovered on 28 February 1873, when the bank contacted the alleged issuer of a banknote for the date of issue that had been omitted from the transactions the forgers had made that day. Noyes was arrested the next day, while making another deposit at the Continental Bank. The remaining conspirators had fled England; MacDonnell was arrested in New York, Austin Bidwell was apprehended in Havana, Cuba, and George Bidwell was arrested in Edinburgh, Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 50], "content_span": [51, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025439-0004-0001", "contents": "1873 Bank of England forgeries, Arrests and trials\nAll four men were convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment, although George Bidwell was later released in 1887 due to poor health, and Austin Bidwell was released in 1892. MacDonnell and Noyes were released a few months later and resumed their criminal careers in the United States. George and Austin Bidwell both wrote and self-published memoirs. The Bidwell brothers died within weeks of each other while promoting Austin's book in Butte, Montana, in March 1899.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 50], "content_span": [51, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025440-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Berwickshire by-election\nThe Berwickshire by-election of 1873 was fought on 27 June 1873. The by-election was fought due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, David Robertson. It was won by the Liberal candidate William Miller.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025441-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Birthday Honours\nThe 1873 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 24 May 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025441-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025442-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Boston Red Stockings season\nThe 1873 Boston Red Stockings season was the third season of the franchise. They won their second consecutive National Association championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025442-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Boston Red Stockings season\nManaged by Harry Wright, Boston finished with a record of 43\u201316 to win the pennant by 4 games. Pitcher Al Spalding started 54 of the Red Stockings' games and led the NA with 41 wins. Second baseman Ross Barnes won the league batting title with a .431 batting average, and catcher Deacon White topped the circuit with 77 runs batted in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025442-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Boston Red Stockings season\nHarry Wright, Al Spalding, first baseman Jim O'Rourke, and shortstop George Wright have all been elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025442-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025442-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025442-0005-0000", "contents": "1873 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025442-0006-0000", "contents": "1873 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025443-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1873 saw the election of Samuel C. Cobb.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025444-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Brooklyn Atlantics season\nThe Brooklyn Atlantics played in 1873 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished sixth in the league with a record of 17-37.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025444-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Brooklyn Atlantics season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025445-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 CCNY Lavender football team\nThe 1873 CCNY Lavender football team represented the City College of New York in the 1873 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025446-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Cheshire Mid by-election\nThe Cheshire Mid by-election of 1873 was contested on 7 March 1873, due to  the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, George Legh. It was won by the Conservative candidate Egerton Leigh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025447-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Chicago mayoral election\nThe Chicago mayoral election of 1873 saw People's Party (campaigning under the label \"Democratic People's Union\") candidate Harvey Doolittle Colvin defeated Citizen's Union (campaigning under the label \"Law and Order\") candidate Lester Legrant Bond by a landslide nearly 34-point margin. Bond was the incumbent acting mayor, having taken office due to the extended absence of Joseph Medill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025447-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Chicago mayoral election\nBond was endorsed by all of the city's major newspapers, with the exception of the Chicago Times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025447-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Chicago mayoral election\nThe defeat of Bond led to the dissolution of the Chicago-based Citizen's Union Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025448-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Collingwood by-election\nThe 1873 Collingwood by-election was a by-election held on 9 December 1873 in the Collingwood electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025448-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Collingwood by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Arthur Collins on 8 October 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025448-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Collingwood by-election\nThe by-election was won by William Gibbs, who had narrowly lost the previous 1868 by-election to Collins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025449-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Columbia football team\nThe 1873 Columbia football team represented Columbia University in the 1873 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025450-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1873 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 7, 1873. Former state legislator and Democratic nominee Charles R. Ingersoll defeated Republican nominee Henry P. Haven with 51.86% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025451-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Danish Folketing election\nFolketing elections were held in Denmark on 14 November 1873. The result was a narrow victory for the H\u00f8jre Coalition, which won 51 of the 101 seats. Ludvig Holstein-Holsteinborg remained Prime Minister following the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025451-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Danish Folketing election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held using first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies. Only 15% of the population was eligible to vote in the elections, with suffrage restricted to men over 30 who were not receiving poor relief (or who had not paid back any previous poor relief received), were not classed as \"dependents\" (those who were privately employed but did not have a household) and who had lived in their constituency for a certain length of time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025452-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Devonshire South by-election\nThe Devonshire South by-election of 1873 was fought on 17 June 1873. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Samuel Trehawke Kekewich. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Carpenter Garnier, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025453-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Dominican Republic Saman\u00e1 Peninsula referendum\nA referendum on leasing the Saman\u00e1 Peninsula to the United States for 99 years was held in the Dominican Republic on 19 February 1873. The proposal was approved by 99.91% of voters, but was never implemented after President Buenaventura B\u00e1ez was overthrown on 2 January 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025453-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Dominican Republic Saman\u00e1 Peninsula referendum, Background\nThe Dominican Republic originally became independent from Haiti in 1844. However, in 1861 the country became part of Spain following an inflation crisis. In 1865 the country became independent again following the Restoration War. By 1870 the country had significant debts caused by the ongoing civil war. President B\u00e1ez planned on selling the Saman\u00e1 Peninsula to the United States for $1.1 million, whilst US President Ulysses S. Grant wanted to annex the entire country. A treaty was signed between the two countries on 29 November 1869. The US would purchase the Dominican Republic for $1.5 million and would lease the Saman\u00e1 Peninsula for $147,229.91 for 99 years. Although the proposal was approved in the 1870 referendum, the  United States Senate rejected the annexation on 30 June 1870 with a 28\u201328 vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 875]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025453-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Dominican Republic Saman\u00e1 Peninsula referendum, Background\nHowever, B\u00e1ez still required the money, and wanted to continue with the Saman\u00e1 Peninsula leasing deal on the same terms. The Senate of the Dominican Republic agreed to the proposal on 28 December 1872. The plebiscite was later carried out in the form of a register, in which invalid or blank voters were not possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025454-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Dover by-election\nThe Dover by-election of 1873 was fought on 22 September 1873[20 3 ]. The byelection was fought due to the Resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Sir George Jessel, to become Master of the Rolls. It was won by the Conservative candidate Edward William Barnett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025455-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Dundee by-election\nThe Dundee by-election of 1873 was fought on 5 August 1873. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, George Armitstead. It was won by the Liberal candidate James Yeaman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025456-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 East Macquarie colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Macquarie on 1 December 1873 because Sir James Martin's seat was declared vacant on accepting appointment as Chief Justice of New South Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025457-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 East Staffordshire by-election\nThe East Staffordshire by-election of 1873 was fought on 6 August 1873. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, John Robinson McClean. It was won by the Conservative candidate Samuel Allsopp, who defeated the Liberal candidate, John Jaffray, by 3.630 votes to 2,893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025458-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Edinburgh and St. Andrews Universities by-election\nThe Edinburgh and St. Andrews Universities by-election of 1873 was held on 4 December 1873. The byelection was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, Lyon Playfair, becoming Postmaster General. It was retained by Playfair, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025459-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Elizabeth Resolutes season\nThe Elizabeth Resolutes played their first and only season in 1873 as a  member of the United States National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished eighth in the league with a record of 2-21. The team folded at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025459-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Elizabeth Resolutes season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025460-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 English cricket season\n1873 was the 87th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). In only their fourth season as a first-class team, Gloucestershire was proclaimed joint Champion County by the media and went on to claim the still unofficial title four times in five seasons (1873, 1874, 1876 and 1877).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025460-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 English cricket season\nPlayer qualification rules came into force, with players having to decide at the start of a season whether they would play for the county of their birth or the county of residence. Before this, it was quite common for a player to play for two counties during the course of a single season, with by far the best-known case being star slow bowler James Southerton who played for his birth county Sussex when they had a match on and otherwise for Surrey. It is only since the residence qualifications were introduced that any quasi-official status can be ascribed to the oft-claimed Champion County title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025460-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed. Includes the \"County Cup\" match at Lord's between Kent and Sussex Includes a third Nottinghamshire v Yorkshire match organised privately by Nottinghamshire captain Richard Daft Hampshire, though regarded until 1885 as first-class, played no inter-county matches between 1868 and 1869 or 1871 and 1874", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025461-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Eton football team\nThe 1873 Eton football team represented Eton College in the 1873 college football season. The college, based near Windsor, England, played one game, losing 1\u20132 against Yale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025462-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Exeter by-election\nThe Exeter by-election of 1873 was fought on 9 December 1873[20 3 ]. The byelection was fought due to the Resignation (Chief Justice of the Common Pleas) of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, John Coleridge. It was won by the Conservative candidate Arthur Mills.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025463-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 FA Cup Final\nThe 1873 FA Cup Final was a football match between Wanderers and Oxford University on 29 March 1873 at Lillie Bridge in London. It was the second final of the world's oldest football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (known in the modern era as the FA Cup). Unusually, the final was held in the morning, so as to avoid a clash with the annual Oxford-Cambridge Boat Race which was held on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025463-0000-0001", "contents": "1873 FA Cup Final\nWanderers reached the final without playing a match, as the original rules of the competition stated that the holders would receive a bye straight to the final and other teams would compete to gain the other place in the final and challenge the holders for the trophy. Oxford reached the final when their semi-final opponents, Queen's Park, dropped out of the competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025463-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 FA Cup Final\nBoth teams had key players absent for the final, including several who had represented Wanderers in the previous year's final. The best player on the day was Arthur Kinnaird, who scored the first goal for Wanderers. Charles Wollaston added a second goal towards the end of the match to give Wanderers a 2\u20130 victory and a second consecutive FA Cup win. It was the only Cup final prior to 1893 not played at The Oval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025463-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nAs the previous year's FA Cup winners, Wanderers received a bye straight to the final in the 1872\u201373. This was in keeping with the original concept of the competition being a \"challenge cup\", in which the holders would qualify directly for the following season's final and teams would compete for the other place in the final and the right to challenge them for the trophy. This was the only time this rule was used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025463-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nIn the first round Oxford University played Crystal Palace (a defunct former amateur club not thought to be connected to the current professional club of the same name) and won 3\u20132 at home. In the second round, they played an away match against Clapham Rovers, winning 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025463-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nIn the third round Oxford University were paired with the previous season's runners-up, the Royal Engineers. Oxford won 1\u20130 and went on to play Maidenhead in the quarter-finals. Due to other teams receiving byes, this was the only match at the quarter-final stage, and for the third consecutive round Oxford emerged victorious without conceding a goal, winning 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025463-0004-0001", "contents": "1873 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nIn the semi-finals, Oxford's opponents were set to be the leading Scottish club, Queen's Park, who had received a bye straight to the semi-finals to reduce the amount of travelling required to compete in a competition in which all the other entrants were from the south of England. Queen's, however, decided to withdraw from the competition, giving Oxford a bye into the final. One modern source states that the Scottish club actually beat Oxford but then could not afford to travel to London for the final so withdrew at that point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025463-0005-0000", "contents": "1873 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nAs the match was scheduled for the same day as the annual Oxford-Cambridge boat race, the decision was made to stage it in the morning, thereby allowing the spectators to witness both sporting events. Both teams were missing key players. Oxford's first-choice goalkeeper, Charles Nepean, was unavailable, as were four of Wanderers' regular players, including Thomas Hooman, William Crake and Albert Thompson, all of whom had been in the cup-winning team the year before. As cup-holders, Wanderers were permitted to choose the stadium at which the match would be played. As the club had no official stadium of its own, its officials chose the Lillie Bridge ground in West Brompton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025463-0006-0000", "contents": "1873 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nOxford dominated the early stages of the game due largely to the strong running of Arnold Kirke-Smith. Newspaper The Sportsman commented that \"the whole eleven work[ed] well together and with great energy\". Nonetheless, Wanderers came closer to scoring when William Kenyon-Slaney got the ball into the goal, only for the umpires to disallow the goal due to an infringement of the offside rule. After 27 minutes, Wanderers captain Arthur Kinnaird, whom the press rated as the best player of the match due to his dribbling skills, gave his team the lead when he outpaced Oxford's backs and kicked the ball between the goalposts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025463-0007-0000", "contents": "1873 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nIn a desperate attempt to secure an equalising goal, Oxford took the unusual step of dispensing with the use of a goalkeeper and moved Andrew Leach, who had been playing in that position, upfield to play as a forward. This plan back-fired at around the 80-minute mark, however, when Charles Wollaston broke through and scored a second goal for the Wanderers, who thereby retained the trophy which they had won in its inaugural year. The correspondent from The Field stated that the shot would easily have been saved had there been a player in goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025463-0008-0000", "contents": "1873 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nAs was the norm until 1882, the winning team did not receive the trophy at the stadium on the day of the match, but later in the year at their annual dinner. Oxford's sporting disappointment continued in the afternoon, as the university's crew was defeated by three lengths by Cambridge in the Boat Race, Cambridge's fourth successive victory in the contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025464-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Glebe colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Glebe on 22 May 1873 because George Allen had been appointed Minister of Justice and Public Instruction in the first Parkes ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025464-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Glebe colonial by-election\nJohn Young was a builder, most notable for building St Mary's Cathedral in Sydney and the Johnston Street group of houses in Annandale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025465-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Gloucester by-election\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by BrownHairedGirl (talk | contribs) at 02:37, 30 May 2021 (replace bare url with {{Rayment-hc}}, remove cleanup tag if there are no other bare URLs). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025465-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Gloucester by-election\nThe Gloucester by-election of 1873 was fought on 8 May 1873[20 3 ]. The byelection was fought due to the Resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, William Philip Price. It was won by the Conservative candidate William Killigrew Wait.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025466-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Grand National\nThe 1873 Grand National was the 35th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 27 March 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025467-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 27 January 1873. The United Opposition won 95 of the 190 seats. Epameinondas Deligiorgis remained Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025468-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Greenwich by-election\nThe Greenwich by-election of 1873 was fought on 2 August 1873[20 3 ]. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, David Salomons. It was won by the Conservative candidate Thomas Boord.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025469-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Griqualand West parliamentary election\nThe first election for the Legislative Council of Griqualand West were held in November 1873. Griqualand West had been established as a British Crown colony in January 1873. Of the 8 members of the Legislative Council 4 were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025470-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Guatemalan general election\nPresidential elections were held in Guatemala in November 1873. The result was a victory for Justo Rufino Barrios.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025471-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Haverfordwest Boroughs by-election\nThe Haverfordwest Boroughs by-election of 1873 was fought on 24 November 1873. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, The Lord Kensington taking the position of Parliamentary Groom in Waiting. It was retained by Kensington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025472-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Hume colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Hume on 31 March 1873 because James McLaurin resigned due to ill health.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025473-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Huntingdon by-election\nThe Huntingdon by-election of 1873 was fought on 17 December 1873. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Thomas Baring. It was won by the Conservative candidate, John Burgess Karslake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025474-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Invercargill by-election\nThe 1873 Invercargill by-election was a by-election during the 5th New Zealand Parliament in the Southland electorate of Invercargill. The by-election occurred following the resignation of MP William Henderson Calder and was won by John Cuthbertson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025474-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Invercargill by-election, Background\nWilliam Henderson Calder, who was first elected to represent Invercargill in the 1871 election, resigned in 1873. This triggered the Invercargill by-election, which was held on 22 May 1873. Two independent candidates contested the election, John Cuthbertson and William Wood. Cuthbertson obtained 52.48% of the votes and was successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025475-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Iowa Senate election\nIn the 1873 Iowa State Senate elections, Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the fifteenth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 23 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025475-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 42 seats to Democrats' eight seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025475-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 18 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025475-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1873 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 36 seats, Democrats having 10 seats, and four Anti- Monopoly members (a net gain of 2 seats for Democrats and 4 seats for the Anti- Monopoly Party).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025476-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1873 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on October 14, 1873. Incumbent Republican Cyrus C. Carpenter defeated Democratic nominee Jacob G. Vale with 55.54% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025477-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Kingston upon Hull by-election\nThe Kingston upon Hull by-election of 1873 was held on 22 October 1873. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, James Clay. It was won by the Conservative candidate Joseph Walker Pease.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025478-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Liberian general election\nPresidential elections were held in Liberia in May 1873. The result was a victory for incumbent President Joseph Jenkins Roberts of the Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025479-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Lisburn by-election\nThe Lisburn by-election of 1873 was held on 19 February 1873. The election was held due to the resignation in order to contest County Armagh of the incumbent Conservative MP, Edward Wingfield Verner. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate Sir Richard Wallace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025480-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Liverpool School Board election\nElections to the Liverpool School Board were held on 19 November 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025480-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Liverpool School Board election\nAfter the election, the composition of the school board was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025481-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Liverpool Town Council election\nElections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Monday 1 November 1873. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025481-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Liverpool Town Council election, Election result\nBecause of the large number of uncontested seats, these statistics should be taken in that context.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025481-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 13, St. Anne Street, 27 March 1874\nCaused by the death of Councillor James Denton (Conservative, St. Anne Street, elected 1 November 1871)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 90], "content_span": [91, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025482-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Liverpool by-election\nThe 1873 Liverpool by-election was held on 7 February 1873 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Samuel Robert Graves. It was retained by the Conservative candidate John Torr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025483-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Lyttelton by-election\nThe by-election for Lyttelton in 1873 was a by-election held in the Lyttelton electorate during the 5th Parliament of New Zealand, on 19 May 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025483-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Lyttelton by-election\nIt was held because John Thomas Peacock was appointed to the New Zealand Legislative Council. Peacock's brother-in-law, Henry Richard Webb, won the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025484-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1873 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 8, 1873. Republican candidate Nelson Dingley Jr. defeated the Democratic candidate Joseph Titcomb.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025485-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1873 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1873. Republican Governor William B. Washburn was re-elected to a third term in office over Democrat William Gaston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025486-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 94th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1873 during the governorship of Republican William B. Washburn. George B. Loring served as president of the Senate and John E. Sanford served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025487-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 McGill Redmen football team\nThe 1873 McGill Redmen football team represented the McGill Redmen during the 1873 college football season. The season featured the Harvard vs. McGill game played May 15, 1874, the first rugby-style football game played in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025488-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Melbourne Cup\nThe 1873 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Thursday, 6 November 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025488-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Melbourne Cup\nThis year was the thirteenth running of the Melbourne Cup. Don Juan's victory was a controversial one. Immediately following the race Don Juan's victory was called into question and a protest was fired. The Sydney Mail reported on 22 November that the horse was actually a year old than his stated four years of age. There were also rumors that Don Juan was substituted for a better horse. The protest was dismissed and the rumours were never proven. Don Juan won by three and a half lengths in a new record time of 3:36.0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025488-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Melbourne Cup\nThis is the list of placegetters for the 1873 Melbourne Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025489-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1873 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1873 to elect the governor of Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025490-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Mississippi gubernatorial election\nThe 1873 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1873, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. This election marked the last time a Republican was elected Governor of Mississippi until 1991, 118 years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025490-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Mississippi gubernatorial election, General election\nIn the general election, Republican Adelbert Ames, a U.S. Senator who previously served as governor from 1868 until 1870, defeated James L. Alcorn, also a U.S. Senator and former governor. Alcorn's estrangement from Ames, his northern-born colleague, deepened in 1871, as African-Americans became convinced that Alcorn was not taking the problem of white terrorism seriously enough; and, in fact, Alcorn resisted Federal action to suppress the Ku Klux Klan, contending that state authorities were sufficient to handle the task. By 1873 the quarrel had deepened into an intense animosity. Both men ran for governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025490-0001-0001", "contents": "1873 Mississippi gubernatorial election, General election\nAmes was supported by the Radicals and most African Americans, while Alcorn won the votes of conservative whites and most of the scalawags. Ames won by a vote of 69,870 to 50,490. Alcorn withdrew from active politics in the state, emerging to assail the new governor as incapable and an enemy of the people of Mississippi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025491-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Mongonui and Bay of Islands by-election\nThe 1873 Mongonui and Bay of Islands by-election was held on 24 July 1873 in the Mongonui and Bay of Islands electorate in Northland during the 5th New Zealand Parliament after the sitting member, John McLeod, resigned. The by-election was won by John William Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025491-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Mongonui and Bay of Islands by-election\nJohn Macfarlane, one of the other candidates, denied that he had paid McLeod \u00a3200 to resign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025492-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Mudgee colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Mudgee on 8 September 1873 because Joseph Innes was appointed to the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025493-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 NYU Violets football team\nThe 1873 NYU Violets football team represented New York University in the 1873 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025494-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 National Civil Rights Convention\nThe National Civil Rights Convention of 1873 was held in Washington, D.C. W. Ogilvie photographed the convention which began December 9. It was covered by the New York Times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025494-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 National Civil Rights Convention, History\nThe Colored Conventions Movement included a long series of national conventions held by free \"people of color\" going back decades before the American Civil War. Conventions were held in Philadelphia, New York City, Buffalo, Rochester (New York), Syracuse, Cleveland and (after the war)  Washington D.C., St. Louis, New Orleans, and Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025494-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 National Civil Rights Convention, History\nGeorge T. Downing chaired the 1873 convention and A. M. Green was secretary. A memorial publication of the event was published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025494-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 National Civil Rights Convention, History\nConventioneers were welcomed by Charles Sumner, supported by members of the Republican party and  President Ulysses Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025494-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 National Civil Rights Convention, History\nWilliam Nesbit called the meeting to order. Attendees included John Mercer Langston, P. B. S. Pinchback, Stuart Ellison, Robert Harlan, Daniel Straker,  John Hyman, Frederick Douglass, and all seven African American congressmen. President Grant received attendees at the White House's Blue Room.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025495-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 New Jersey Athletic Club football team\nThe 1873 New Jersey Athletic Club football team represented New Jersey Athletic Club in the 1873 college football season. New Jersey compiled a 0\u20131 record in the season, losing their only game to Stevens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025496-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 New Jersey State Senate election\nThe 1873 New Jersey State Senate elections were held in November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025496-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 New Jersey State Senate election\nThe elections took place during the final year of Governor Joel Parker's second non-consecutive term in office. Republicans gained the Hunterdon County seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025497-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 New York Mutuals season\nThe New York Mutuals base ball team was one of only three teams to have played in all five seasons of the National Association's existence (1871\u201375). In 1873 the team finished the season in fourth place with 29 wins and 24 losses, eleven games behind pennant winning Boston Red Stockings. They won 22 out of 31 home games, played at Union Grounds in Brooklyn and 7 of 22 away from home. The team batting average was .281, fifth best in the NA. They led the league in fewest  strikeouts with 22, and fewest opponents runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025497-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 New York Mutuals season, Regular season, Roster\nStarting pitcher Bobby Mathews went 29-23 as a starter with 47 complete games. In those complete games, Mathews pitched two shutouts. Candy Cummings was the NA's best pitcher in 1872, but decided to go to the Baltimore Canaries, Mathews' former team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025497-0001-0001", "contents": "1873 New York Mutuals season, Regular season, Roster\nAnd fill-in he did, coming in 3rd in wins, 5th in winning percentage, 3rd in complete games, 1st in strikeouts, 3rd in games pitched, 2nd in base-runners per 9 innings pitched, 4th in innings pitched, 2nd in opponents' average, 2nd in opponents' on-base percentage, 2nd in earned run average, 2nd in adjusted earned run average, first in adjusted starter runs, and second in pitcher wins; placing higher than Cummings in all but one of those categories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025497-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 New York Mutuals season, Regular season, Roster\nNat Hicks, catcher:  Played in 28 games played, all catching. Batted .242 in 120 at bats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025497-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 New York Mutuals season, Regular season, Roster\nJoe Start, first baseman, Started his career in 1860 in New York at the age of 18. Start is credited with being the 1st first baseman to play away from the bag. He had the best fielding average for a first baseman in 1873. With 25 games remaining, the Mutuals voted Start to be the manager and he managed the team to a record of 18-7. Start hit .266 in 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025497-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 New York Mutuals season, Regular season, Roster\nJim Holdsworth, shortstop:  Batted .323 with 28 RBIs in all 53 games for the Mutuals. Holdsworth was tied for third in the NA with eight triples.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025497-0005-0000", "contents": "1873 New York Mutuals season, Regular season, Roster\nJohn Hatfield, third baseman:  Batting .306 with two home runs and 46 RBIs. He was the manager of the team for the first 28 games, leading the team to an 11-17 mark. Hatfield played in all but one game in 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025497-0006-0000", "contents": "1873 New York Mutuals season, Regular season, Roster\nCount Gedney, left fielder:  Batted .267 with a home run and 24 RBIs in all 53 games for the Mutuals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025497-0007-0000", "contents": "1873 New York Mutuals season, Regular season, Roster\nDave Eggler, center fielder: Batted a .338 with 35 runs batted in and two strikeouts at the plate. He had 266 at bats, striking out once every 133 at bats. He played in every game in the 1873 season for the Mutuals. He was fourth in the NA with 82 runs scored and fifth in fielding runs-outfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025497-0008-0000", "contents": "1873 New York Mutuals season, Regular season, Roster\nPhonney Martin, right fielder/pitcher. He batted .221 with 14 runs batted in. He pitched in six games, and lost his only start. Martin compiled a 3.44 earned run average and opponents hit .292 against him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025497-0009-0000", "contents": "1873 New York Mutuals season, Regular season, Roster\nDick Higham, utility player:  Higham batted .316 with 34 runs batted in 49 games. He only struck out once in 244 at bats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025497-0010-0000", "contents": "1873 New York Mutuals season, Regular season, Roster\nBobby Mathews batted .193 with 14 runs batted in 223 at bats in 52 games. When Mathews wasn't pitching, he would play in right field for reliever Phonney Martin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025497-0011-0000", "contents": "1873 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025498-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 New York state election\nThe 1873 New York state election was held on November 4, 1873, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate. Besides, the voters were asked if the judges of the New York Court of Appeals, the New York Supreme Court, and the county and city courts, shall be elected or appointed; the electorate decided to maintain the elective system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025498-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on September 24 at the Opera House in Utica, New York. David J. Mitchell was Temporary Chairman until the choice of Stewart L. Woodford as President. Francis S. Thayer was nominated for Secretary of State by acclamation. The incumbent Comptroller Nelson K. Hopkins was re-nominated by acclamation. Daniel G. Fort was nominated for Treasurer after a \"rising vote, when the whole convention, except a score, stood up in favor of Mr. Fort.\" Benjamin D. Silliman was nominated for Attorney General on the first ballot (vote: Silliman 262, B. Platt Carpenter 162). The incumbent State Engineer William B. Taylor was re-nominated. Sidney Mead was nominated for Canal Commissioner on the first ballot (vote: Mead 185, Charles K. Monell 118, John Napier 41, Hiram P. Wilbur 33). Moss K. Platt was nominated for Prison Inspector on the first ballot with 238 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 929]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025498-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on October 2 at Utica, New York. Diedrich Willers, Jr., for Secretary of State, and Asher P. Nichols for Comptroller, were nominated by acclamation. Daniel Pratt was nominated for Attorney General on the first ballot (vote: Pratt 82, James B. Olney 26, Rufus W. Peckham, Jr. 13). The incumbent Treasurer Thomas Raines was re-nominated by acclamation. Sylvanus H. Sweet was nominated for State Engineer after several ballots. James Jackson, Jr. was nominated for Canal Commissioner, and George W. Millspaugh for Prison Inspector.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025498-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 New York state election, Results\nFive Democrats and two Republicans were elected to state offices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025498-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 New York state election, Results\nThe incumbents Hopkins and Raines were re-elected. The incumbent Taylor was defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025499-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Newfoundland general election\nThe 1873 Newfoundland general election was held in November 1873 to elect members of the 11th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Colony of Newfoundland. The Anti-Confederates led by Charles Fox Bennett formed the government; a \"new\" Conservative party led by Frederick Carter formed the opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025500-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Northern West Riding of Yorkshire by-election\nThe Northern West Riding of Yorkshire by-election of 1873 was fought on 27 August 1873. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Liberal MP, Lord Frederick Cavendish, becoming Lord Commissioner of the Treasury. It was retained by Cavendish, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025501-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Norwegian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Norway in 1873. As political parties were not officially established until 1884, all those elected were independents. Voter turnout was 45.6%, although only 4.6% of the country's population was eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025502-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1873 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1873. Democratic nominee William Allen defeated incumbent Republican Edward Follansbee Noyes with 47.82% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025503-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Open Championship\nThe 1873 Open Championship was the 13th Open Championship, held 4 October at the Old Course at St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Tom Kidd won the Championship by a stroke from Jamie Anderson. This was the first Open Championship not held at Prestwick. The Championship was still contested over 36 holes; now two rounds of 18 holes rather than three rounds of 12. Since the new \"Champion Trophy\" (commonly known as the Claret Jug) was not ready in 1872, Kidd became the first golfer to receive it at the Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025503-0000-0001", "contents": "1873 Open Championship\n\"The trophy conferred on the successful golfer is a silver cup which, however, can never become the absolute property of any winner (as was the case with the champion belt which fell to Young Tom Morris, who won it three times in succession). Along with the honour the winner receives a medal and likewise a money prize.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025503-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Open Championship\nIn the days before the Championship the rain had fallen incessantly, leaving the course very wet. Although the day of the Championship itself was sunny with little wind, the course remained very heavy with several parts being pools of water. Under the rules at the time there was no concept of \"casual water\". The only option, other that playing it, was that \"if the ball is in water, the player may take it out, change the ball if he pleases, tee it, and play from behind the hazard, losing a stroke.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025503-0001-0001", "contents": "1873 Open Championship\nIt was reported that \"the play as a whole was indifferent, but this may be partly accounted for by the state of the green.\" The winning score of 179 was the highest recorded while the Championship was over 36 holes. This was partly because St Andrews was the toughest of the three courses used and partly due to the difficult conditions. The next time the Open (in 1876) was at St Andrews the winning score was 176.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025503-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Open Championship\nThe best score in the first round was 91 by Jamie Anderson, Tom Kidd and Bob Kirk. A number of the players scored over 100. Three player beat 90 in the second round, the best being 88 by Tom Kidd, who won the Championship by a stroke from Jamie Anderson who scored 89. The favourites were Tom Morris, Jr. and Davie Strath. Defending champion Morris scored a second round 89 but his first round of 94 left him out of contention. Strath had a first round 97 that also left him too far behind. Henry Lamb from Royal Wimbledon Golf Club was the leading amateur, finishing in 8th place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025503-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 Open Championship, Final leaderboard\nThose in second to sixth places also received prize money. Kirk and Tom Morris, Jr. shared the third and fourth place money.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025504-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Orkney and Shetland by-election\nThe Orkney and Shetland by-election of 1873 was fought on 6\u20137 January 1873. The by-election was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Frederick Dundas. It was won by the Liberal candidate, former Financial Secretary to the Treasury and Railway Administrator Samuel Laing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025505-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Oxford by-election\nThe Oxford by-election of 1873 was held on 6 December 1873. The by-election was held due to William Vernon Harcourt, the incumbent Liberal MP, becoming the Solicitor General for England and Wales. It was retained by Harcourt, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025506-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1873 Athletic Baseball Club of Philadelphia finished in fifth place in the National Association with a record of 28-23. First baseman Cap Anson batted .398 and was second in the league batting race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025506-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025506-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025506-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025506-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025507-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Philadelphia White Stockings season\nThe Philadelphia White Stockings played their first season in 1873 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished second in the league with a record of 36-17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025507-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Philadelphia White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025508-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe 1873 Prince Edward Island election was held on 1 April 1873 to elect members of the House of Assembly of the British colony of Prince Edward Island. It was won by the Conservative party. This was Prince Edward Island's last general election as a British colony, as it joined Canada on July 1, 1873 as a province.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025509-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1873 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1873 college football season. The team played Yale for the first time and won 3\u20130, finished with a 1\u20130 record, and was retroactively named national champion by the Billingsley Report, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis. The team captain was Cyrus O. Dershimer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025509-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Princeton Tigers football team\nThis season marked the second of four consecutive national championships, and one of 11 in a 13-year period between 1869 and 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025510-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Queensland colonial election\nElections were held in the Colony of Queensland (now a State of Australia) between 4 November 1873 and 4 December 1873 to elect the members of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025510-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Queensland colonial election, Key dates\nDue to problems of distance and communications, it was not possible to hold the elections on a single day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025511-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Renfrewshire by-election\nThe Renfrewshire by-election of 1873 was held on 10 September 1873. The byelection was held due to the Elevation to a peerage of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Henry Bruce. It was won by the Conservative candidate Archibald Campbell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025512-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Richmond (Yorks) by-election\nThe Richmond (Yorkshire) by-election of 1873 was held on 27 May 1873. The byelection was held due to the Succession to a peerage of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Lawrence Dundas. It was won by his younger brother, the unopposed Liberal candidate John Dundas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building\nThe 1873 Roma Street railway station building is a heritage-listed railway station building at Roma Street railway station, 159 Roma Street, Brisbane central business district, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built from 1873 to 1875 by John Petrie. It is also known as Brisbane Passenger Station, Brisbane Terminal Station, and Brisbane Terminus. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 March 2000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nThe first Roma Street railway station was constructed in 1873-1875 as the first Brisbane terminus for the Main Line railway and was the Brisbane terminus for the Southern and Western railway lines via Toowoomba. The building was designed by FDG Stanley, the Superintendent of Public Buildings in 1873 and built over the next two years by Brisbane builder, John Petrie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nThe Queensland Parliament passed the Railway Act in 1863, enabling the first railways to be constructed. A railway survey had been undertaken by the New South Wales Government in 1856 prior to the separation of Queensland in 1859, but it was the Moreton Bay Tramway Company who, on constructing a wooden-railed horse hauled tramway between Ipswich and Toowoomba in 1861, pioneered rail transportation to Queensland. Queensland's sparse population discouraged rail transportation as non-viable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nThe initial Main Line railway which ran between Ipswich and a small town near Ipswich, Bigge's Camp (or Grandchester as it is now known) was opened in 1865. This was the first stage of a four-stage project to provide railway connections into the major towns on the Darling Downs. The second stage was to link Ipswich through to Toowoomba via the Main Line in 1867. The final two stages were the Western railway line linking Toowoomba to Dalby in 1868 and the Southern railway line linking Toowoomba to Warwick in 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nTerminating the railway at Ipswich meant that goods were then be transferred to ships at Ipswich to reach Brisbane or beyond. The Ipswich community was opposed to the extension of the railway to Brisbane, as goods would then be transferred to ships in Brisbane, diminishing Ipswich's role as a port. Despite Ipswich's opposition, the Queensland Government ordered a preliminary survey of a railway line between Ipswich and Brisbane which was completed in November 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0005-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nBy 1872 a report of the Royal Commission on Railway Construction was presented to Parliament which made a case for the extension of the South-West Railway into Brisbane. The case for the railway line was adopted and plans were immediately made for a survey which estimated the cost of the rail link to be \u00a3192,000, or \u00a38,000 per 1 mile (1.6\u00a0km) of line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0005-0001", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nPreviously a decision was made to adopt a narrow gauge of 3 ft 6 in, rather than the wider gauge adopted in other states and this reflects the general attitude toward the construction of railway lines and stations in Queensland in these first years, that of providing adequate facilities economically. On 30 January 1873, the first sod was turned on the extension of the line to Brisbane by the Queensland Governor, George Phipps, 2nd Marquess of Normanby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0006-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nAs part of the planning for the new line, a major station was planned at the Brisbane Terminal at Roma Street. This building was originally to be an imported iron station building from Britain designed by Sir C. Fox and Son. The downturn in the state's economy in the late 1860s, resulted in a smaller station which was built to a design of FDG Stanley in 1873-1875. The order for the iron building was cancelled, not, however, before certain elements were in transit from London; consequently a large iron carriage shed arrived and was dismantled for use on a number of projects.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0007-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nIn October 1873, a tender notice appeared in the Queensland Government Gazette for the construction of the railway station in Brisbane. FDG Stanley who was the Superintendent of Buildings within the Public Works Department at the time, was the designer of the building. The tender of John Petrie was accepted in on 1 December 1873. The building was then built over the next two years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0008-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nIn the Brisbane Courier, \"Summary for Europe\", which appeared on 30 October 1873, detailed plans of the new Terminus Passenger Station were provided:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0009-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nThe Station will be erected in the Green Hills, just outside the western fence of the Grammar School and facing Roma Street from which it will be distant 100 yards. The general style of the building will be that known as the Italian Gothic order of architecture. The material used...will be pressed brick with cut stone facings, this being chosen on account of its durability and as also affording the greatest consonant with economy. The station will consist of a main building, two storeys high, flanked at each end by a single storey wing... On the ground floor...will be the booking offices, station master's offices, waiting rooms and other offices connected with ordinary railway travel. The upper floor will be devoted to the offices of the traffic and engineering staff... The plans have been designed by Mr FDG Stanley, Superintendent of Public Buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 915]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0010-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nThe line was opened as far as Oxley Point railway station (now known as Chelmer railway station) by February 1875, but the bridge across the Brisbane River to Indooroopilly was not constructed until later, and the trains were shunted across the river on punts. Despite its incomplete state, the line from Ipswich to Brisbane was officially opened on 14 June 1875. At the opening, the platform at Brisbane Passenger Station was half-paved and the rooms and corridors incomplete, the roofing over the platform was still in progress and the place lit temporarily .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0011-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nThe station was designed to house staff and facilities associated with rail traffic, including the station master, booking office and waiting rooms. A large goods shed was erected at Roma Street in 1875-1876 and sidings were introduced to incorporate the new building. The cost of this work was \u00a37446. The next major addition to the station was a rail bridge over Countess Street also planned in 1876 when Parliament voted \u00a319,600 for construction of this and other improvements at the station. The bridge measured 66 feet (20\u00a0m) and was an iron-plate girder span on brick abutments and was constructed to avoid disturbing road traffic. Other improvements at this time include construction of a number of cattle yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0012-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nRoma Street railway station and the surrounding railyards has been dramatically altered over the years of its use. In 1911 the railyard was established at Roma Street and the entire site was replanned. The next major change occurred in the early 1940s when the Country Station was constructed between the original Terminal Station and Roma Street. The most recent, and most significant change to the railway station occurred in the 1980s when the transit centre, incorporating the Travelodge Hotel was constructed (now Centra).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0013-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nA number of sources suggest that the original carriage shed was erected as a temporary measure. By 1882 a new carriage shed was erected and the terminal station platforms extended. Also during this year the Sandgate railway line was opened to Sandgate further increasing traffic through Roma Street station. In 1889, the Brisbane Central railway station was opened and the original Brisbane Terminal Station became known as the Roma Street railway station. Construction of buildings, including a gas works, stores buildings and engine sheds continued as rail traffic increased.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0014-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nIn 1911 a major re-organisation of the Roma Street railway station precinct was planned, involving the removal of locomotive and carriage facilities to the Mayne Rail Yards where a new marshalling yard was built. Roma Street continued to develop during the 1910s and 1920s as the major goods loading point. In 1914 an additional storey was added to the porte cochere of the station building increasing office accommodation on the first floor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0015-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nOn 30 November 1940 the Country Station was opened at Roma Street. This low-lying face brick building sat directly between the 1873-1875 building and Roma Street. For the first time the early railway station was flanked by platforms and was no longer able to be accessed via Roma Street directly. The new passenger station was designed to relieve congestion at Brisbane Central Station and made Roma Street Station the chief station for long distance travel. Trains travelling, southward however, still left from South Brisbane railway station prior to the construction of the Merivale Bridge in 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0015-0001", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nThe 1940 station was planned amid a large garden setting some of which survives to this day and continued a tradition of substantial and attractive gardens surrounding railway stations in Queensland. When constructed the roof of the 1873-1875 station was clad with slate tiles, during the general refurbishment of the station area following the construction of the 1940 passenger station the roof of the early station was re-clad with corrugated fibrous sheeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0016-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nPlatforms and awnings were constantly re-arranged at the Roma Street Station. In 1959 the early iron carriage shed was removed and was replaced with more modest awnings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0017-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nDuring the 1980s the isolation of the original station building was further increased with the construction of the monolithic Brisbane Transit Centre which incorporated new railway facilities along with a hotel, offices and function centre. This development saw the demolition of the 1940 railway station. During the mid 1990s a further re-arrangement and extension of the platforms to the north and south of the early station building occurred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0018-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, History\nSeveral studies through the early 2000s, including by Mark Jones Architects and Bruce Buchanan, investigated the refurbishment of the original station building, which had fallen into serious disrepair. Eventually in 2012, Queensland Rail commissioned the architectural firm, Architectus to complete the design work of a rescue refurbishment of the external fabric. The work included a new slate tile roof to replace the asbestos sheeting. This matched the original roofing. Other work included dismantling of intrusive work of the mid 20th century and stripping on the paint from the brickwork exterior and a replacement pediment at the Western end. The Architectus work (builder Kane Constructions) restored the station building exterior to its former glory. Michael Kennedy was the heritage consultant for the project.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 871]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0019-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Description\nThe 1873 Roma Street railway station is a substantial building constructed of rendered masonry situated between the new Roma Street railway station within the Travelodge (Centra) tower on Roma Street and the platform structures to the rear of this. The building retains some c.\u20091940s platform awnings and is adjacent to early remnant garden areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 54], "content_span": [55, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0020-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Description\nThe 1873-1875 station is a two storeyed building lined to the north and south by platforms. When built the platforms were at the rear, northern edge of the building only. Platforms were introduced to the southern side from the 1940 renovation. At the eastern end of the station building is a large iron roofed and steel framed semi-open space which replaced an earlier similar structure. Several small buildings survive to the west of the station building surrounded by remnant gardens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 54], "content_span": [55, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0021-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Description\nThe building when constructed was a loadbearing face brick structure with a central two storeyed section flanked by one storeyed wings. The corrugated fibrous cement roof of the station is hipped over the central part and separately hipped over the flanking bays which also feature dormer windows with brick surrounds to the south. The present roof replaced an earlier slate roof. The building has been painted externally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 54], "content_span": [55, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0022-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Description\nThe building was designed with classical elements including symmetrical massing, southern arcade and porte cochere; round and square arched head windows, castellated parapet detailing, classically inspired mouldings, string course mouldings lining the entire building and pilasters separating openings. A description of the newly completed building described the style as \"Italian Gothic\", probably reflecting the face brick and stone dressed mouldings of the exterior and the classical elements over the building. The building is a substantial example of a late Victorian Italianate influence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 54], "content_span": [55, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0023-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Description\nThe central part of the building is divided into three bays, a central bay projects from the southern face of the building and is lined on the ground floor of this face with a porte cochere. The porte cochere comprises rusticated corner columns and round intermediary columns supporting an arcade with castellated parapet. Since original construction a second storey has been added to the porte cochere. The southern face of the upper floor of this central bay is lined with five round arched window openings, with brick surrounds and moulded hoods.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 54], "content_span": [55, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0023-0001", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Description\nThe central bay is flanked by side bays each with three round arched windows on the upper floor and a partially enclosed arcade on the ground floor. The windows along the southern side of the building are generally timber-framed double-hung sash windows and along the northern side are aluminium framed sliding windows.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 54], "content_span": [55, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0024-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Description\nThe northern face of the building was originally conceived as an internal wall, inside the original carriage shed. The northern face features a number of irregularly spaced windows and doors along the ground floor, and regularly space squared arched windows on the floor above.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 54], "content_span": [55, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0025-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Description\nInternally, the building is arranged on the ground floor with a number of rooms openings from the original arcade along the southern side of the building and stair halls at the eastern and western ends of the building providing access to the upper floor. The upper floor is arranged around a substantial central hall articulated by moulded round archways, from which a number of large rooms open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 54], "content_span": [55, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0026-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Description\nThe ground floor has a concrete floor covering the central bay of the building and timber boarded floors to the eastern and western ends. The arcade on this floor provides access to a large central hall, divided into two by a rendered brick partition and by a curved walled room on the northern side and originally used as a ticket office. The hall was used for waiting rooms and the separation reflects the division between first and second class passengers. Other rooms on the ground are smaller offices, some with timber boarded ceilings. Within these offices are many items of significant furniture which contribute to an understanding of the railway history of the building; including joinery pieces, special cupboards and an early station names board. Large public toilet facilities are found at each end of the ground floor of the building.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 54], "content_span": [55, 902]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0027-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Description\nThe upper floor of the building was designed for use as staff offices and facilities. The two stairways providing access to the upper floor are found at the western and eastern ends of the floor. The eastern stair is a narrow dog-leg timber stairs on a steel frame which dates from about the mid-20th century. The western stair is an earlier timber dog leg stair. The central first floor hallway provides access to a number of large, well lit office spaces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 54], "content_span": [55, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0027-0001", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Description\nNatural lighting from the windows lining the building is supplemented on both the northern and southern sides with a series of skylights, which though probably not original are certainly an early development of the building and reflect the use of the rooms as offices. The partitioning on the upper floor is constructed with lath and plaster walls and the ceilings are also lath and plaster. The upper floor has more decorative finishes than the lower floor with moulded archways along the hall, and cornices and skirting boards of various sizes in the halls and rooms. Early paint schemes are evident in many places of the upper floor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 54], "content_span": [55, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0028-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Heritage listing\nThe 1873 Roma Street railway station building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 March 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0029-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Heritage listing\nThe place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0030-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Heritage listing\nThe Roma Street railway station was erected in 1873-1875 as the first Brisbane Terminal Station and demonstrates the development of the railway in Queensland, as the earliest Brisbane city station and as the head office of railway administration in the 1870s and 1880s who oversaw the construction of rail lines in Queensland. The building demonstrates the development of Queensland in the 1870s with the construction of major public buildings and the provision of essential public services.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0031-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Heritage listing\nThe place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0032-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Heritage listing\nThe Roma Street railway station demonstrates the principal characteristics of major railway stations in Queensland. The building in its form and layout provides evidence of its former use, with evidence of waiting halls, ticket offices, public facilities and offices. The building has architectural value as a substantial example of the public work of prominent Queensland architect, FDG Stanley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0033-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Heritage listing\nThe building has architectural value as a substantial example of the public work of prominent Queensland architect, FDG Stanley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0034-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Heritage listing\nThe place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0035-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, Heritage listing\nThe 1873-1875 Roma Street railway station is of social value as an important remnant of an inner city railway station in public use for over 120 years. Because the context of the building has been gradually changed and the building is no longer appreciated as a discrete structure, the surviving railway station contributes to an understanding of the development of the site.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025513-0036-0000", "contents": "1873 Roma Street railway station building, References, Attribution\nThis Wikipedia article was originally based on  published by the State of Queensland under  licence (accessed on 7 July 2014,  on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the  published by the State of Queensland under  licence (accessed on 5 September 2014,  on 15 October 2014).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025514-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Roscommon by-election\nThe Roscommon by-election of 1873 was fought on 24 June 1873. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Fitzstephen French. It was won by the unopposed Liberal candidate Charles French.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025515-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1873 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1873 college football season. Rutgers lost to Yale and split two games with Columbia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025516-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Shaftesbury by-election\nThe Shaftesbury by-election of 1873 was held on 30 August 1873. The by-election was held due to the succession to the peerage of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, George Glyn. It was won by the Conservative candidate Vere Fane Benett-Stanford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025517-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 South Australian football season\nThe 1873 South Australian football season was the eleventh year of interclub football in South Australia. It was notable due to the attempts of Kensington to create a standardised set of rules. Partly due to this, Adelaide were in recess until 1875, meaning Kensington and Port Adelaide were the only teams competing in 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025518-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Spanish general election\nGeneral elections to the Cortes Generales were held in Spain on May 10, 1873. At stake were all 383 seats in the Congress of Deputies. The Federal Democratic Republican Party won the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025518-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Spanish general election, History\nThe elections were held with universal male suffrage. The 1873 were both the first and last of the brief 1st Spanish Republic. The elections, however, were held in very unorthodox conditions and drew a very low turnout, as neither the Carlist or alfonsist monarchists participated in the elections. The same happened with centralist and unitarian Republicans, or even the incipient labor organizations affiliated with the 1st International, that held a boycott campaign. Those were possibly the election with the lowest turnout in the history of Spain. In Catalonia only the 25% of the electorate voted. In Madrid the 28%. This left the republic with a serious lack of legitimacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025518-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Spanish general election, History\nFrancesc Pi i Margall would not run again until the 1901 Spanish general election and gain 1 seat for his party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025519-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Stevens football team\nThe 1873 Stevens football team represented Stevens Institute of Technology in the 1873 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025520-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Suburbs of Nelson by-election\nThe 1873 Suburbs of Nelson by-election was a by-election held  on 14 May 1873 in the Suburbs of Nelson electorate in Nelson during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025520-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Suburbs of Nelson by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Ralph Richardson. The by-election was won by Andrew Richmond. He was opposed by Charles Elliott. Fedor Kelling had withdrawn in favour of Richmond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025521-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Taunton by-election\nThe Taunton by-election of 1873 was fought on 13 October 1873. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Henry James, becoming Solicitor General for England and Wales. It was retained by Henry James who defeated Alfred Slade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025522-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Tyrone by-election\nThe Tyrone by-election of 1873 was fought on 7 April 1873. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Henry Thomas Lowry-Corry. It was won by the Conservative candidate Henry William Lowry-Corry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025523-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate election in New York\nThe 1873 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 21, 1873, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 3) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025523-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nRepublican Roscoe Conkling had been elected in January 1867 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025523-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nAt the State election in November 1871, 21 Republicans and 11 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1872-1873) in the State Senate. In 1872, a faction of the Republican Party opposed the re-election of President Ulysses S. Grant and the Radical Republicans who supported him, and under the name Liberal Republican Party nominated a joint ticket with the Democratic Party. At the State election in November 1872, 91 Republicans, 35 Democrats and 2 Independents were elected for the session of 1873 to the Assembly. The 96th New York State Legislature met from January 7 to May 30, 1873, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025523-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus\nThe caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 8, State Senator William B. Woodin, of Auburn (25th D.), presided. 18 state senators and 88 assemblymen were present. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Conkling unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025523-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Democratic caucus\nThe caucus of the Democratic State legislators nominated Ex-First Judge of Dutchess County Charles Wheaton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025523-0005-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate election in New York, Result\nRoscoe Conkling was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025523-0006-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate election in New York, Aftermath\nConkling was re-elected in 1879, and remained in office until May 17, 1881, when he resigned in protest against the distribution of federal patronage in New York by President James A. Garfield without being consulted. The crisis between the Stalwart and the Half-Breed factions of the Republican party arose when the leader of the New Yorker Half-Breeds William H. Robertson was appointed Collector of the Port of New York, a position Conkling wanted to give to one of his Stalwart friends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025524-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1873 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on January 21, 1873. Simon Cameron was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025524-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results\nThe Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 21, 1873, to elect a Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1873. Incumbent Republican Simon Cameron, who was elected in 1867, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 59], "content_span": [60, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025525-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts\nThe 1873 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts was held in March 1873 to fill the vacancy left by Senator Henry Wilson, who resigned to become Vice President of the United States. George S. Boutwell won the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025525-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts\nAt the time, Massachusetts elected United States senators by a majority vote of each separate house of the Massachusetts General Court, the House and the Senate. However, the Senate deadlocked in this race; it was moved that both houses would vote as one, and Boutwell won the combined vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025525-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, Background\nAt the time, the Massachusetts legislature was dominated the Republican Party. Republicans held all but one of the State Senate seats and 211 of 240 state House seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 71], "content_span": [72, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025525-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, Background\nIncumbent Senator Henry Wilson resigned from office upon his election as Vice President of the United States, creating a vacancy for the term ending in 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 71], "content_span": [72, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025525-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, Election, March 11\nBoth houses of the General Court began balloting on March 11. Boutwell achieved a majority of the House on the second ballot, but the Senate deadlocked.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 79], "content_span": [80, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025525-0005-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, Election, March 11\nSenate President George Loring, who was a candidate for the seat, did not vote. One member was absent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 79], "content_span": [80, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025525-0006-0000", "contents": "1873 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, Election, March 12\nFollowing Boutwell's victory in the House, it was widely expected the Senate would ratify their choice the next day. Dawes supporters convened a caucus and decided to continue their support. On the next day, it was moved that both Houses would vote as one to ratify the choice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 79], "content_span": [80, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025526-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 VMI Keydets football team\nThe 1873 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in the 1873 college football season, the school's first season of football. Their four-game season featured a 2\u20134 loss to Washington & Lee. The team had no known coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025527-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Victorian football season\nThe 1873 Victorian football season was an Australian rules football competition played during the winter of 1873. The season consisted of matches between metropolitan and provincial football clubs in the colony of Victoria. The premier club was Carlton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025527-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Victorian football season, 1873 premiership\nFour metropolitan clubs participated in senior football during the 1873 season: Albert-park, Carlton, Melbourne and University, but since University played very few games, its record is not shown below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025527-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Victorian football season, 1873 premiership\nNotable for its absence was the South Yarra; after being a powerhouse of the 1860s, the club folded in January 1873. Many of its players went to the nearby and newly established junior St Kilda Football Club, which was elevated to senior ranks in 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025527-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 Victorian football season, 1873 premiership\nCarlton and Melbourne were considered the dominant clubs in the city, so the premier club was decided based entirely on the head-to-head record between the clubs; in their four meetings, Carlton won two and two were drawn, so Carlton was recognised as the premier club for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025527-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 Victorian football season, 1873 premiership, Club senior records\nThe below table is set of results for senior clubs during the 1873 season. The list shows the record across all matches (senior, junior and intercolonial), but excludes unfinished matches played by Carlton against Albert-park and University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 69], "content_span": [70, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025527-0005-0000", "contents": "1873 Victorian football season, 1873 premiership, Club senior records\nGeelong was the strongest provincial team, being undefeated in provincial matches and suffering its only loss of the season against Melbourne. According to the official tables published in the Argus from 1889 and in the Football Record from 1912\u20131923, Geelong was the third-placed team in the Victorian premiership in 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 69], "content_span": [70, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025527-0006-0000", "contents": "1873 Victorian football season, 1873 premiership, Club senior records\nOf the long list of junior clubs to compete at relatively even standard \u2013 Carlton Imperial, Collingwood, East Melbourne, Essendon, Hawthorn, North Melbourne, Richmond, St Kilda, Southern, South-park, Studley-park and Williamstown \u2013 there was no clear premier club, with none managing an unbeaten record in matches against the other juniors. The numbers advantage to juniors clubs in matches at odds against senior clubs was reduced in 1873, with the junior club usually fielding eighteen men to the senior club's twenty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 69], "content_span": [70, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair\nThe 1873 Vienna World's Fair (German: Weltausstellung 1873 Wien) was the large world exposition that was held in 1873 in the Austria-Hungarian capital Vienna. Its motto was \"Culture and Education\" (Kultur und Erziehung).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, History\nAs well as being a chance to showcase Austro-Hungarian industry and culture, the World's Fair in Vienna commemorated Franz Joseph\u00a0I's 25th year as emperor. The main grounds were in the Prater, a park near the Danube River, and preparations cost \u00a323.4 million. It lasted from May 1st to November 2nd, hosting about 7,225,000 visitors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities\nThere were almost 26,000 exhibitors housed in different buildings that were erected for this exposition, including the Rotunda (Rotunde), a large circular building in the great park of Prater designed by the Scottish engineer John Scott Russell. (The fair Rotunda was destroyed by fire on 17 September 1937.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities, Russian pavilion\nThe Russian pavilion had a naval section designed by Viktor Hartmann. Exhibits included models of the Port of Rijeka and the Ill\u00e9s Relief model of Jerusalem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities, Japanese pavilion\nThe Japanese exhibition at the fair was the product of years of preparation. The empire had received its invitation in 1871, close on the heels of the Meiji Restoration, and a government bureau was established to produce an appropriate response. Shigenobu Okuma, Tsunetami Sano, and its other officials were keen to use the event to raise the international standing of Japanese manufactures and boost exports. 24 engineers were also sent with its delegation to study cutting-edge Western engineering at the fair for use in Japanese industry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0004-0001", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities, Japanese pavilion\nArt and cultural relics at the exhibit were verified by the Jinshin Survey, a months-long inspection tour of various imperial, noble, and temple holdings around the country. The most important products of each province were listed and two specimens of each were collected, one for display in Vienna and the other for preservation and display within Japan. Large-scale preparatory exhibitions with this second set of objects were conducted within Japan at the Tokyo Kaisei School (today the University of Tokyo) in 1871 and at the capital's Confucian Temple in 1872; they eventually formed the core collection of the institution that became the Tokyo National Museum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0005-0000", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities, Japanese pavilion\n41 Japanese officials and government interpreters, as well as 6 Europeans in Japanese employ, came to Vienna to oversee the pavilion and the fair's cultural events. 25 craftsmen and gardeners created the main pavilion, as well as a full Japanese garden with shrine and a model of the former pagoda at Tokyo's imperial temple. Apart from the collection of regional objects, which focused on ceramics, cloisonn\u00e9 wares, lacquerware, and textiles, the displays also included the female golden shachi from Nagoya Castle and a papier-mach\u00e9 copy of the Kamakura Buddha. The year after the fair, Sano compiled a report on it which ran to 96 volumes divided into 16 parts, including a strong plea for the creation of a museum on western lines in the Japanese capital; the government further began hosting national industrial exhibitions at Ueno Park in 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 905]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0006-0000", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities, Japanese pavilion\nA Western engraving of the Japanese craftsmen constructing the pavilion and garden", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0007-0000", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities, Japanese pavilion\nThe foyer of the Japanese pavilion, from the Japanese report on the fair compiled under Tsunetami Sano", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0008-0000", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities, Japanese pavilion\nThe interior of the pavilion, including the golden shachi, from the Illustrated Times (Illustrirte Zeitung)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0009-0000", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities, Japanese pavilion\nPart of the Japanese display, as seen from one of the Ottoman minarets", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0010-0000", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities, Ottoman pavilion\nOsman Hamdi Bey, an archaeologist and painter, was chosen by the Ottoman government as commissary of the empire's exhibits in Vienna. He organized the Ottoman pavilion with Victor Marie de Launay, a French-born Ottoman official and archivist, who had written the catalogue for the Ottoman Empire's exhibition at the 1867 Paris World's Fair.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0010-0001", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities, Ottoman pavilion\nThe Ottoman pavilion, located near the Egyptian pavilion (which had its own pavilion despite being a territory of the Ottoman Empire), in the park outside the Rotunde, included small replicas of notable Ottoman buildings and models of vernacular architecture: a replica of the Sultan Ahmed Fountain in the Topkap\u0131 Palace, a model Istanbul residence, a representative Turkish bath, a cafe, and a bazaar. The 1873 Ottoman pavilion was more prominent than its pavilion in 1867.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0010-0002", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities, Ottoman pavilion\nThe Vienna exhibition set off Western nations' pavilions against Eastern pavilions, with the host, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, setting itself at the juncture between East and West. A report by the Ottoman commission for the exhibition expressed a goal of inspiring with their display \"a serious interest [in the Ottoman Empire] on the part of the industrialists, traders, artists, and scholars of other nations....\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0011-0000", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities, Ottoman pavilion\nThe Ottoman pavilion included a gallery of mannequins wearing the traditional costumes of many of the varied ethnic groups of the Ottoman Empire. To supplement the cases of costumes, Osman Hamdi and de Launay created a photographic book of Ottoman costumes, the Elbise-i 'Osmaniyye (Les costumes populaires de la Turquie), with photographs by Pascal S\u00e9bah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0011-0001", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities, Ottoman pavilion\nThe photographic plates of the Elbise depicted traditional Ottoman costumes, commissioned from artisans working in the administrative divisions (vilayets) of the Empire, worn by men, women, and children who resembled the various ethnic and religious types of the empire, though the models were all found in Istanbul. The photographs are accompanied by texts describing the costumes in detail and commenting on the rituals and habits of the regions and ethnic groups in question.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0012-0000", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities, Italian pavilion\nProfessor Lodovico Brunetti of Padua, Italy first displayed cremated ashes at the exhibition. He showed a model of the crematory, one of the first modern ones. He exhibited it with a sign reading, \"Vermibus erepti, puro consummimur igni,\" in english, \"Saved from the worms, we are consumed by the flames.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0013-0000", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Facilities, New Zealand pavilion\nNew Zealand was represented at the 1873 Vienna International Exposition by a collection of M\u0101ori clubs, mats and cloaks, as well as gold, woodwork, kauri gum and geological specimens. Photographs of New Zealand scenery were shown and examples of flour and beer were provided by local industries. A collection of birds was prepared by a London taxidermist and Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary was said to have been \"astonished\" by a pair of moa skeletons from the Canterbury Museum. More than 50 awards were collected by New Zealand exhibitors but, apparently, because of a problem of categorisation on the part of the jurors, the moa display was not among them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 58], "content_span": [59, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025528-0014-0000", "contents": "1873 Vienna World's Fair, Impact on Vienna\nThe exhibition led to an intensive building activity in the years before. The new train station to Germany, the Nordwestbahnhof, was completed just prior to the fair.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025529-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1873 Virginia gubernatorial election was held on May 27, 1873 to elect the governor of Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025530-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Waikouaiti by-election\nThe 1873 Waikouaiti by-election was a by-election held on 23 July 1873 in the Waikouaiti electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025530-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Waikouaiti by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP David Monro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025530-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Waikouaiti by-election\nCandidates for the by-election were John Lillie Gillies, Thomas Slater Pratt, and John Graham. Pratt had been mayor of Waikouaiti since July 1870. Gillies was Speaker of the Provincial Council at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025531-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Wakatipu by-election\nThe 1873 Wakatipu by-election was a by-election held on 19 August 1873 in the Wakatipu electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025531-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Wakatipu by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Bendix Hallenstein on 17 July 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025531-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Wakatipu by-election\nThe by-election was won by Vincent Pyke, described as a Government supporter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025531-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 Wakatipu by-election\nIt appears that four people were nominated on 16 August, and a poll was held on 19 August. H. Manders won the \"show of hands\", but may have lost through accidentally being prevented from visiting Cardrona, Macetown, etc.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025531-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 Wakatipu by-election\nThe other candidates were Vincent Pyke, George Elliott Barton and Alexander Innes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025532-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Washington Blue Legs season\nThe Washington Blue Legs played their first and only season in 1873 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished seventh in the league with a record of 8-31. It is uncertain if this team is the same franchise as either the 1872 Washington Nationals or the 1872 Washington Olympics. The Blue Legs' 1873 roster featured four players who started for the Washington Nationals in 1872--Paul Hines (LF), Holly Hollingshead (CF), Warren White (3B), and Oscar Bielaski (RF)--and two players who started for the Washington Olympics in 1872--Tommy Beals (2B) and John Glenn (C). Nick Young, who managed the Blue Legs in 1873, had managed the Olympics in 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025532-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Washington Blue Legs season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025533-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Washington and Lee Generals football team\nThe 1873 Washington and Lee Generals football team represented the Washington and Lee University in the 1873 college football season, the school's first season of football. Their four-game season featured four wins over VMI including its earliest victory and the first game in the South, a 4\u20132 win. The team has no known coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025534-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Waterford County by-election\nThe Waterford County by-election of 1873 was fought on 5 July 1873. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Edmond de la Poer. It was won by the unopposed Liberal candidate Henry Villiers-Stuart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025535-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Wigtownshire by-election\nThe Wigtownshire by-election of 1873 was fought on 21 February 1873. The byelection was fought due to the Succession to a peerage of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Lord Garlies. It was won by the Conservative candidate Robert Vans-Agnew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025536-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1873 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1873. Democratic Party candidate William Robert Taylor was elected with 55% of the vote, defeating incumbent Republican Governor Cadwallader C. Washburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025536-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nTaylor was the first Democrat elected Governor of Wisconsin since William A. Barstow in 1853. He was nominated as the consensus candidate of the \"Reform Party,\"\u2014a coalition of Democrats, Liberal Republicans, and Grangers, on a platform of political and economy reform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025536-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Democratic (Reform) Party\nWilliam Robert Taylor, at the time of the 1873 election, was a Trustee for the State Hospital of the Insane. Previously, he had served as President of the state agriculture society, had been chairman of the Cottage Grove town board, and the Dane County board of supervisors, and had been a member of the Wisconsin State Senate and Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025536-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Republican Party\nCadwallader C. Washburn was the incumbent Governor of Wisconsin, having been elected in the 1871 election. Prior to becoming Governor, he had served ten years in the United States House of Representatives and had served as a Union Army general in the American Civil War under Ulysses S. Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025537-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1873 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1873 college football season. The Bulldogs compiled a 2\u20131 record, winning games against Rutgers and Eton College (with Yale alumni) but losing to Princeton. William S. Halstead was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025538-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 college football season\nThe 1873 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Princeton as having been selected national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025538-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 college football season\nThe Harvard vs. McGill game played on May 15, 1874, was the first rugby-style football game played in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025538-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 college football season\nOrganized intercollegiate football was first played in the state of Virginia and the Southern United States when Washington & Lee defeated VMI 4 to 2. Some industrious students of the two schools organized a game for October 23, 1869 \u2013 but it was rained out. Students of the University of Virginia were playing pickup games of the kicking-style of football as early as 1870, and some accounts even claim it organized a game against Washington and Lee College in 1871, but no record has been found of the score of this contest. Due to scantness of records of the prior matches some will claim Virginia v. Pantops Academy November 13, 1887, as the first game in Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025540-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1873 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025541-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025541-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1873 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025541-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1873 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025544-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in Canada, Smallpox\nIn the opening speech to the 1872-1873 Epidemiological Society conference, Inspector-General Robert Lawson drew attention to the recent prevalence of hamorrhagic forms of smallpox in both the United States and Canada, among other countries. During the smallpox pandemic of 1870-1874, the disease had been carried to America by emigrants, where it had already infected thousands, and killed hundreds in eastern cities such as Boston and New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 24], "content_span": [25, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025544-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 in Canada, Historical documents\nNon -confidence moved in House of Commons over Government accepting election funding from group hoping to build CPR", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025544-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 in Canada, Historical documents\nWhy the Governor General did not dismiss Prime Minister Macdonald over the Pacific Scandal", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025544-0003-0000", "contents": "1873 in Canada, Historical documents\nMetis leader Ambroise Lepine sentenced to death for the murder of Thomas Scott in 1870 at Red River", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025544-0004-0000", "contents": "1873 in Canada, Historical documents\nHouse of Commons speeches on issues with Indigenous people in the Northwest Territories", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025544-0005-0000", "contents": "1873 in Canada, Historical documents\nBritish Columbia Indian superintendent reports on the economic activity of Indigenous people", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025545-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1873 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025553-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1873 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025557-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1873 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025559-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1873 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025560-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in archaeology\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Camboxer (talk | contribs) at 16:41, 11 January 2021 (\u2192\u200eFinds:  addition). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025561-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in architecture\nThe year 1873 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025563-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in association football\nThe following are events in 1873 which are relevant to the development of association football. Included are events in closely related codes, such as the Sheffield Rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025564-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1873  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025565-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in birding and ornithology\nBirds described in 1873 include the white-browed tit-warbler, Bartlett's tinamou, Von Schrenck's bittern, Raggiana bird-of-paradise, spangled coquette, Sangihe hanging parrot and the white-crowned penduline tit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025566-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025568-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025569-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025569-0001-0000", "contents": "1873 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025569-0002-0000", "contents": "1873 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025570-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025571-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in science\nThe year 1873 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025572-0000-0000", "contents": "1873 in sports\n1873 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025575-0000-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 3rd Lanark RV season\nThe 1873\u201374 season was the first season of competitive football by 3rd Lanark RV.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025575-0001-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 3rd Lanark RV season, Overview\nAs one of the eight founder members of the Scottish FA, 3rd Lanark RV took part in the inaugural Scottish Cup. Subscription fees from 15 of the 16 clubs that entered the competition were used to pay for the trophy for which they compete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025575-0002-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 3rd Lanark RV season, Overview\nThe team reached the quarter-finals without playing a match after first round opponents Southern withdrew. However, 3rd Lanark RV were defeated by eventual finalists Clydesdale after a second replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025575-0003-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 3rd Lanark RV season, Overview\nDuring the club's early years, the team would play in red shirts and blue shorts. Their traditional white shorts weren't introduced until 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025577-0000-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1873\u201374 season was the first season of competitive football by Dumbarton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025577-0001-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nDumbarton became members of the fledgeling Scottish FA and contributed to the purchase of a challenge cup. In this inaugural Scottish Cup competition, the club reached the second round, following a walk-over against Vale of Leven in the first round with a 1\u20130 defeat against Renton in the second round replay, after a 0-0 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025577-0002-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDuring the season, reports were made of the playing of six 'friendly' matches, including home and away fixtures against local rivals Vale of Leven and Glasgow side, Callander. Of these matches, two were won, one drawn and three lost, scoring three goals and conceding nine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025577-0003-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025578-0000-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 FA Cup\nThe 1873\u201374 Football Association Challenge Cup was the third staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. Twenty-eight teams entered, twelve more than the previous season, although six of the twenty-eight never played a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025578-0001-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 FA Cup, Format\nFirst Round: The 28 teams would play. The winners would move on", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025578-0002-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 FA Cup, Format\nSecond Round: The remaining 14 teams would play. The winner would move on", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025578-0003-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 FA Cup, Format\nThird Round: 6 teams, with Swifts getting a bye, would play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025578-0004-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 FA Cup, Format\nFinal: The two Semi-Final teams would face each other. The winner would be crowned champion", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025579-0000-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1873\u201374 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1873 college football season. The team played only two intercollegiate games, both against the team from McGill University in Cambridge, with one game ending in a Harvard victory and the other ending in a scoreless tie. The first game was played under Harvard's rules, while the second game played using McGill's rules on May 15, 1874, was the first rugby-style football game played in the United States. The team captain was Henry R. Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025580-0000-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Home Nations rugby union matches\nThe 1873\u201374 Home Nations rugby union matches was a single international friendly held between the England and Scotland national rugby union teams. With no other recognised rugby union teams in Britain or the rest of the World, the encounter between Scotland and England represented the only possible match that could be arranged, and would continue as such until 1875, when Ireland formed a national team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025580-0001-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Home Nations rugby union matches, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025580-0002-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nEngland: John Batten (Cambridge University), Marshall Brooks (Oxford University), Harold Freeman (Marlborough Nomads), WE Collins (Old Cheltonians), Sydney Morse (Marlborough Nomads), William Henry Milton (Marlborough Nomads), Thomas Batson  (Blackheath), Henry Bryden (Clapham Rovers), Ernest Cheston (Richmond), Charles Crosse (Oxford University), FL Cunliffe (RMA), JSM Genth (Manchester), Alfred St. George Hamersley (Marlborough Nomads) capt., Edward Kewley (Liverpool), Henry Arnold Lawrence (Richmond), Murray Marshall (Blackheath), S Parker (Liverpool), William FH Stafford (Royal Engineers), Dawson Turner (Richmond), Roger Walker (Manchester)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025580-0003-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nScotland: William Davie Brown (Glasgow Academicals) capt., T Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), HM Hamilton (West of Scotland), TR Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), William Hamilton Kidston (West of Scotland), W St Clair Grant (Craigmount School), AK Stewart (Edinburgh University RFC), Charles Chalmers Bryce (Glasgow Academicals), John Davidson (RIE College), JF Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), Gilbert Heron (Glasgow Academicals), RW Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), JAW Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), Tom Paterson Neilson (West of Scotland), AG Petrie (Royal HSFP), J Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), John Kennedy Todd (Glasgow Academicals), RW Wilson (West of Scotland), A Wood (Royal HSFP), AH Young (Edinburgh Academicals)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025581-0000-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Queen's Park F.C. season\nThe 1873\u201374 season was the third season of competitive football by Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025581-0001-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Queen's Park F.C. season, Overview\nAs one of the eight founder members of the Scottish FA, Queen's Park took part in the inaugural Scottish Cup. Subscription fees from 15 of the 16 clubs that entered the competition were used to pay for the trophy for which they compete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025581-0002-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Queen's Park F.C. season, Overview\nQueen's Park's long and successful history in the competition began with a 7\u20130 win over Dumbreck in the highest scoring game in the inaugural competition on 25 October. They would go on to reach the final without conceding a goal with wins over Eastern and Renton in the quarter-finals and semi-finals respectively. In the final, they would face off against another Glasgow side \u2013 Clydesdale. Second half goals from Billy MacKinnon and Robert Leckie saw Queen's Park run out 2\u20130 winners at the original Hampden Park to lift the trophy for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025581-0003-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Queen's Park F.C. season, Overview\nThis was the first season that the club didn't enter the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025581-0004-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Queen's Park F.C. season, Overview\nFor the first time, Queen's Park played in their now traditional black and white hoops. Between 1874 and 1876, each player wore distinctive socks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0000-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup\nThe 1873\u201374 Scottish Cup \u2013 officially the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup \u2013 was the first season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. A total of 16 teams from the west of Scotland entered the competition, however only 14 would play a match after two withdrawals. The competition began on 18 October 1873 and concluded with the final on 21 March 1874. The inaugural cup was won by Queen's Park who defeated fellow Glasgow club Clydesdale 2\u20130 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0001-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup\nThe 16 teams that entered the competition consisted of the eight founder members of the Scottish FA \u2013 namely Clydesdale, Dumbreck, Eastern, Granville, Kilmarnock, Queen's Park, Vale of Leven and 3rd Lanark RV \u2013 as well as Alexandra Athletic, Blythswood, Callander, Dumbarton, Renton, Rovers, Southern and Western. Subscription fees from 15 of these clubs were used to pay for the Scottish Cup trophy which the teams would compete for. Unlike the FA Cup, the original trophy is still awarded to the winners of the competition. It is the oldest in association football and the oldest national trophy in the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0002-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, Background\nQueen's Park had been founded in July 1867 and joined the English Football Association three years later. They had contributed to the cost of the FA Cup trophy and entered the competition in its inaugural season. However, the costs of travelling to England for matches was prohibitive. In both 1872 and 1873, they were forced to withdraw from the competition in the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0003-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, Background\nIn March 1873, the club took out an advertisement in a Glasgow newspaper to invite football clubs to a meeting in the Dewar's Hotel with the intention of discussing the formation of a football association for Scotland. Secretary Archibald Rae also wrote a letter to a number of clubs, including Kilmarnock who had taken influence from Queen's Park to play association football over rugby, to invite them to the meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0003-0001", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, Background\nCommittee members from Queen's Park were joined by representatives from six other clubs \u2013 Clydesdale, Vale of Leven, Dumbreck, 3rd Lanark RV, Eastern and Granville \u2013 at the meeting and a letter of support was received from Kilmarnock who were unable to attend. The eight clubs agreed to establish the Scottish Football Association and resolved that:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0004-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, Background\nThe clubs here represented form themselves into an association for the promotion of football according to the rules of The Football Association and that the clubs connected with this association subscribe for a challenge cup to be played for annually, the committee to propose the laws of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0005-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, Background\nEight further teams joined the Scottish FA over the next few months and subscription fees from 15 of them were used to pay for the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0006-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, Format\nAs 16 teams entered the competition, the first edition of the Scottish Cup took on the format of a straightforward knockout tournament. In future years, the number of entrants would expand to regularly include over 100 teams which resulted in the need for byes before the introduction of the Scottish Football League in 1890 and the Scottish Qualifying Cup in 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0007-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, Format\nFor the first round, the names of the 16 teams were placed into a single lot and drawn into pairs. The home team for each tie was determined by the toss of a coin unless it was mutually agreed or only one of the two clubs drawn against one another had a private ground. In the event of a draw, the team who lost the toss would have the choice of ground for the replay. This process was repeated for the quarter-finals and semi-finals. The choice of venue for the final matches was reserved to the Scottish FA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0008-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, Format, Teams\nAll 16 teams entered the competition in the first round. Of the clubs that entered, eight were founder members of the Scottish FA. Those included Clydesdale, Granville, Queen's Park and 3rd Lanark R.V. from Renfrewshire as well as Dumbreck from Lanarkshire, Eastern from Glasgow, Ayrshire side Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven from Dunbartonshire. A further five Glasgow clubs \u2013 Alexandra Athletic, Blythswood, Callander, Rovers, and Western \u2013 entered alongside Dumbarton and Renton from Dunbartonshire and Southern from Renfrewshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 35], "content_span": [36, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0009-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, Format, Teams\nOf the 16 teams to enter the first round; Southern were the only team who would not play a single match and \u2013 as of 2021 \u2013 only Dumbarton, Kilmarnock and Queen's Park still regularly compete in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 35], "content_span": [36, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0010-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, First round\nAt a committee meeting of the Scottish Football Association, reported on 10 October 1873, the first round ties were drawn. Of the eight ties, five were played at venues opposite to the draw after Renton, Eastern, Queen's Park, Western and Clydesdale won the coin toss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0011-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, First round\nThe first match took place on 18 October 1873 when Renton defeated Kilmarnock \u2013 who played the entire match with 10 players \u2013 2\u20130 in the first round. The match was played in Crosshill, at the neutral Hampden Park. Newspaper reports from the time suggest Kilmarnock may have been at a disadvantage as they were more used to playing rugby. Later on the same day, Alexandra Athletic and Eastern recorded wins over Callander and Rovers and the following week Queen's Park began the competition with a 7\u20130 win over Dumbreck in the highest scoring game in the inaugural competition. John McPherson scored the first ever Scottish Cup hat-trick as Clydesdale defeated Granville 6\u20130 in what would be the latter's only Scottish Cup match and Blythswood won 1\u20130 away to Western.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 801]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0012-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, First round\nSouthern and Vale of Leven scratched their first round matches against Dumbarton and 3rd Lanark RV respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0013-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, Quarter-finals\nThe quarter-final stage began on 8 November 1873 when Clydesdale and 3rd Lanark RV drew 1\u20131 at Kinning Park to set up the first Scottish Cup replay eight days later. This match also finished in a draw meaning a second replay to be played on 6 December 1873. In the meantime, Dumbarton lost 1\u20130 to Renton in a replay on 29 November 1873 after the first match had finished goalless a week earlier. According to reports in The Herald, both matches were played on a public park in Renton. Queen's Park and Blythswood reached the semi-finals without the need for a replay as they defeated Eastern and Alexandra Athletic respectively. In the last match of the quarter-final stage, Clydesdale defeated 3rd Lanark RV 2\u20130 at a neutral venue in their second replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 36], "content_span": [37, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0014-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, Semi-finals\nThe two semi-final matches were played a week apart in December 1873. Queen's Park were the first team to reach the final as they defeated Renton 2\u20130 at the original Hampden Park on 13 December. Clydesdale then booked their place in the inaugural final a week later as they recorded a 4\u20130 win over Blythswood at Kinning Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0015-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, Final\nAfter 14 matches played and 35 goals scored, the tournament culminated in the 1874 Scottish Cup Final on 21 March 1874. The match, played at the original Hampden Park in Crosshill, was watched by 2,500 spectators and refereed by James McIntyre of Eastern. As Hampden Park was the home of finalists Queen's Park, the match was one of a select few cup finals in Scotland that were not played on neutral territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025582-0016-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, Final\nBoth goals came in the second half courtesy of Scotland internationals Billy MacKinnon and Robert Leckie. Queen's Park won 2\u20130 to claim the trophy for the first of their 10 triumphs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025583-0000-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1873\u201374 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025583-0001-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the Inter-City fixtures between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025583-0002-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe matches here remain 20 - a - side. These matches, with more players on the park, made it harder to score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025583-0003-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Districts season, History\nIn addition, scoring a try did not count for points. The try gave you an attempt to get a score by means of the conversion; if the conversion was missed then it did not benefit the try scoring team. It was only goals that mattered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025583-0004-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe second inter-city match here is a case in point. Edinburgh scored a try but missed the conversion. Hence the match ended in a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025583-0005-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nEdinburgh District: J. L. Patullo (Edinburgh Wanderers), W. Blackwood (back), Angus Buchanan (Royal HSFP) (quarter back), G. Couper (Warriston) (half back), A. Finlay and J. Finlay- Forsyth, Bulldog Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals) (captain), J. Leslie (Royal HSFP) (back), R. Lindsay, John Lisle Hall McFarlane (Edinburgh University) (quarter back), Thomas Roger Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals) (half back), James Andrew Whitelock Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), Alexander Petrie (Royal HSFP), G. Rayner (Royal HSFP) (back), A. Reid, Duncan Robertson (Edinburgh Academicals) and James Robertson (Royal HSFP), Alexander Stewart (Edinburgh University) (quarter back), Charles Villar (Warriston), and P. Wood, A. C. Rose (Edinburgh Wanderers)Glasgow District: H. W. Allan, Allan Arthur, W. D. Brown (Glasgow Academicals) (back), C. C. Bryce, F. Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals) (back), G. R. Flemming, J. S. Carrick (Glasgow Academicals) and J. Y. Kennedy, W. H. Kidston (West of Scotland) (back), G. B. and J. H. M'Clure (West of Scotland)  (quarter backs), J. Napier (Glasgow University), J. and T. Neilson, J. S. Thompson, J. K. Tod, and R. W. Wilson, J. Reid (Glasgow Academicals), G. Heron (Glasgow Academicals), D. M. Brunton (Glasgow University)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 1300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025583-0006-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nGlasgow District: W. D. Brown (captain) (Glasgow Academicals), J. S. Carrick (Glasgow Academicals), T. Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), W. H. Kidston (West of Scotland), J. W. Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), J. H. McClure (West of Scotland), Allan Arthur, H. W. Allan, C. C. Bryce, G. R. Fleming, J. S. Thompson, J. K. Tod, G. Heron, J. S. Tod (all Glasgow Academicals), J. S. Kennedy, J. Neilson, T. Neilson, R. W. Wilson (all West of Scotland), J. Napier, D. M. Brunton (both Glasgow University)Edinburgh District: J. Leslie (Royal HSFP), T. Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), G. Rayner (Royal HSFP), J. McFarlane (Edinburgh University), G. Drysdale (Merchistonians), E. Carswell (Edinburgh Wanderers), Alexander Stewart (Edinburgh University), Bulldog Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), J. FInlay (Edinburgh Academicals), A. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), D. Robertson (Edinburgh Academicals), Arthur Young (Edinburgh Academicals), R. Lindsay (Edinburgh University), A. G. Petrie (Royal HSFP), J. Knott (Royal HSFP), J. G. Robertson (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), Charles Villar (Warriston)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 1200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025584-0000-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 in English football\nThe 1873\u201374 season was the third season of competitive football in England. Oxford University beat the Royal Engineers 2\u20130 in the FA Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025585-0000-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 in Scottish football\nSeason 1873\u201374 was the first in Scottish football to feature competitive domestic fixtures, with the introduction of the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025585-0001-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 in Scottish football, Overview\nFinancial obstacles had badly hindered Queen's Park's attempts to compete for the FA Cup in the previous two seasons, with only one match actually being played. As a result, although retaining membership of the Football Association, Queen's elected not to enter for the cup on this occasion (neither would they compete in the next two seasons). Instead, there was now a domestic equivalent to compete for, the Scottish Football Association (founded in March of the previous season) having instituted its own challenge cup competition modelled on the English tournament - the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025585-0002-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 in Scottish football, Overview\nAs well as the international fixture with England, which returned to Partick in March, cross-border rivalry was also fuelled with the introduction of what became a prestige representative fixture of the late 19th century, an inter-city match between Glasgow and Sheffield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025585-0003-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup\nSixteen clubs entered the draw for the first round of the first ever Scottish Cup tournament, which was organised on the same unseeded, straight knockout basis as the FA Cup. The trophy and a set of medals were purchased as a result of subscription by member clubs at a cost of \u00a356 12s 11d.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025585-0004-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup\nAlthough details of several matches are sketchy, the first round match between Renton and Kilmarnock at Crosshill (then an independent burgh from Glasgow) on 18 October 1873 was the first match to get underway in the competition, and therefore the first competitive club fixture on Scottish soil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025585-0005-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup\nQueen's Park went on to underline their position as the pre-eminent club in Scottish football by lifting the trophy. After wins over Dumbreck, Eastern and Renton, they secured the Scottish Cup with a 2\u20130 victory over Clydesdale in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025585-0006-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 in Scottish football, Scotland national team, Overview\nThe international against England took place at Partick in March. Staged almost exactly a year on from the inaugural London clash, it established a pattern of the fixture taking place on an annual basis in the latter part of the season, with home advantage alternating. Scotland conceded the opener, but with goals either side of half time, secured their first ever international victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 62], "content_span": [63, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025585-0007-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 in Scottish football, Representative matches\nAs well as selecting a team for the international fixture, the SFA were also responsible for the Glasgow side chosen to face their Sheffield counterparts (there was no Glasgow Football Association prior to 1883).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025585-0008-0000", "contents": "1873\u201374 in Scottish football, Representative matches\n14 March 1874:  Sheffield 2  Glasgow 2 (Bramall Lane, Sheffield)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025586-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\n1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1874th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 874th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 74th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  5th   year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1874, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025587-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Akaroa by-elections\nFollowing the resignation of Robert Heaton Rhodes from his Akaroa seat in the New Zealand parliament, William Montgomery contested the 20 April 1874 by-election against Walter Pilliet. The results were 168 and 76 votes, respectively, i.e., a margin of 92 for Montgomery. He thus entered parliament during the 5th term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025587-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Akaroa by-elections\nIn July 1874, a select committee declared Montgomery's election to be \"null and void\", as he had a contract for the supply of railway sleepers with the general government in breach of election rules. The select committee accepted that the breach was inadvertent. Montgomery stood for re-election in the second by-election, on 10 August 1874 and was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025588-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1874 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1874, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama. Incumbent Republican David P. Lewis unsuccessfully ran for reelection, losing to Democratic former U.S. Representative George S. Houston. This election would start a 112-year win streak for Democrats in the gubernatorial level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025589-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Argentine presidential election\nThe Argentine presidential election of 1874 was held on 12 April to choose the president of Argentina. Nicol\u00e1s Avellaneda was elected president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025589-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Argentine presidential election, Background\nPresident Sarmiento's pragmatic approach to Buenos Aires demands and his successful control of separatist revolts in the north paved the way to high office for his vice president, Autonomist Party leader Adolfo Alsina. Alsina gained the support of a sizable facion of Mitre's Nationalist Party, resulting in the formation of the paramount political group in Argentina for the next 42 years: The National Autonomist Party (PAN). Mitre himself did not support Alsina, however, whom he viewed as a veiled Buenos Aires separatist. The elder statesman ran for the presidency again, though the seasoned Alsina outmaneuvered him by fielding Nicol\u00e1s Avellaneda, a moderate lawyer from remote Tucum\u00e1n Province. The electoral college met on 12 April 1874, and awarded Mitre only three provinces, including Buenos Aires.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 858]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025589-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Argentine presidential election, Background\nAs he had repeatedly up to 1861, Mitre took up arms again. Hoping to prevent Avellaneda's 12 October inaugural, he mutineered a gunboat; he was defeated, however, and only President Avellaneda's commutation spared his life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1874 Atlantic hurricane season was a relatively inactive one, in which seven tropical cyclones developed. Four storms intensified into hurricanes, but none attained major hurricane (Category 3+) status. However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe first storm of the season developed on July\u00a02, and the final storm was last sighted on November\u00a04, while situated just to the north of the Bahamas. Most of the systems directly impacted land. A tropical storm that developed in the Bay of Campeche during the month of September destroyed the Brazos Santiago lighthouse. in the state of Texas. The sixth storm of the season, and also the third hurricane, made landfall in Florida as a Category 1 hurricane before making a second landfall in South Carolina at the same intensity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0001-0001", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe seventh, final, and strongest system of the season developed in the Caribbean on the last day of October, and made landfall in Jamaica as a Category 2 hurricane before weakening to a tropical storm by the time it made a second landfall in Eastern Cuba. The storm was last sighted to the north of the Bahamas on November\u00a04, as a Category 1 hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) officially recognizes seven tropical cyclones from the 1874 season. Four storms attained hurricane status, with winds of 75\u00a0mph (119\u00a0km/h) or greater. The seventh hurricane of the season was the most intense, with maximum sustained winds up to 100\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h). The first storm of the season was a tropical storm that formed in the Gulf of Mexico during the month of July. The system made landfall near Galveston, Texas on July\u00a05, although it is unknown whether any damages or fatalities were caused as a result of the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0002-0001", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe second and third systems of the season were both hurricanes, with winds up to 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h) and 90\u00a0mph (150\u00a0km/h) respectively. The first system made landfall in Newfoundland as a tropical storm. In early September, another tropical system developed in the Bay of Campeche and made landfall in Northeast Mexico with winds up to 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h). The fifth storm of the season formed northeast of the Bahamas on September\u00a08, and moved northward before turning to the north-northeast. It was last sighted to the south of Newfoundland on September\u00a011.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0002-0002", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe next system developed in the western Caribbean on the last day of October, before crossing over the Yucatan Peninsula and making landfall in Florida as a Category 1 hurricane. The storm briefly weakened to a tropical storm over the state before restrengthening into a hurricane off the coast of Georgia. It made a second landfall in South Carolina on September\u00a028, and became extratropical on September\u00a030, while moving across the northeast. This was the first hurricane to ever be shown on a weather map.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0002-0003", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe seventh, and final, hurricane of the season was also the most intense of the year. It developed several hundred miles north of Panama on the last day of October, before striking Jamaica as a Category 2 hurricane. It weakened to a tropical storm before making landfall in Eastern Cuba, but later strengthened into a hurricane again while north of the Bahamas, where it was last sighted on November\u00a04.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nOn July\u00a02, a tropical storm reportedly developed in the Gulf of Mexico, while located a couple of hundred miles to the south of the Florida Panhandle. Moving westward, the tropical storm steadily strengthened to reach a peak intensity of 60\u00a0mph (90\u00a0km/h) on July\u00a03. Holding steady in strength, the tropical storm made landfall near Galveston, Texas on July\u00a05, and then rapidly dissipated shortly after moving inland that same day. In Indianola, Texas, the storm blew down fledgling settlements and sank ships, seriously hindering coastal trade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nOn August\u00a03, a tropical storm developed in the open Atlantic, several hundred miles from any landmasses. Slowly gaining strength, the system reached hurricane status and a peak intensity of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h) while located just northeast of the island of Bermuda on August\u00a05. The system weakened back to a tropical storm on August\u00a07, and made landfall on Newfoundland the same day, with maximum sustained winds up to 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h). It dissipated shortly afterwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nOn August\u00a029, a tropical storm developed a few hundred miles to the west of the Cape Verde Islands. Moving towards the west-northwest, the storm steadily gained strength, and reached hurricane strength at 0000 UTC September\u00a02 (8 p.m. AST September\u00a01). On September\u00a06, the storm reached a peak intensity of 90\u00a0mph (150\u00a0km/h). Moving just to the west of Bermuda, the storm began to turn more northerly, and transitioned into an extratropical system the following day. On September\u00a08, the storm made landfall in Newfoundland as an extratropical storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four\nOn September\u00a02, a tropical storm developed in the Bay of Campeche. Moving generally towards the west-northwest, the storm reached a peak intensity of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) on September\u00a04, while approaching landfall in northeastern Mexico. Shortly thereafter, the storm made landfall and quickly weakened into a tropical depression. Moving northward through Central Texas, the storm dissipated on September\u00a07, while located to the southwest of the Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas area. The storm was responsible for destroying the Brazos Santiago lighthouse and for one fatality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0007-0000", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nOn September\u00a08, a tropical storm was observed to the northeast of the Bahamas. Moving towards the west-northwest, the tropical storm held its intensity of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) as it passed between North Carolina and Bermuda. Turning towards the northeast, it was last observed to the south of Newfoundland on September\u00a011.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0008-0000", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nOn September\u00a025, a tropical storm developed in the western Caribbean, north of Honduras. Upon making landfall on the Yucatan Peninsula shortly afterwards, the storm briefly weakened into a tropical depression. However, when it emerged into the Gulf of Mexico, it attained tropical storm status once again. Steadily gaining strength, the storm reached hurricane status on September\u00a028, after reports from the ship \"Emma D. Finney\" indicated such. It made landfall near Cedar Key, Florida several hours later, with an estimated minimum central pressure of 981 millibars (29.0\u00a0inHg).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0008-0001", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nThe storm was briefly downgraded into a tropical storm over the central portion of the state, but strengthened into a hurricane again after exiting near Jacksonville, Florida and crossing the Gulf Stream. It hit South Carolina as a hurricane that same day, with the centre passing just east of Charleston and west of Wilmington. In North Carolina, Virginia, and several other states to the north, there were reports of trees being brought down, and shipping disrupted. At Smithville(Southport) several houses, warehouses, telegraph lines and railroad bridges were destroyed. The storm lost hurricane status for a final time over eastern North Carolina. Moving on a north-northeast track, it moved into the northeast United States and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September\u00a030, while over the state of Maine. On October\u00a01, it dissipated over eastern Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 928]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0009-0000", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nThis was also the first hurricane ever to be recorded on a weather map by the U.S. Weather Bureau.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0010-0000", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nOn October\u00a031, a tropical storm developed to the north of Panama. Moving towards the east-northeast, the storm attained hurricane status on November\u00a01, while situated just south of Jamaica. Upon making landfall in the island nation on November\u00a02, the storm strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane with 100\u00a0mph (155\u00a0km/h) winds, becoming the strongest system of the 1874 season. Reports from Kingston, Jamaica spoke of 17 vessels being wrecked or destroyed by the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025590-0010-0001", "contents": "1874 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nAfter crossing Jamaica, the system weakened into a Category 1 hurricane and then further into a tropical storm upon making landfall in eastern Cuba. On November\u00a03, the system emerged in the Bahamas, and strengthened into a hurricane once again the following day. On November\u00a04, the storm was last sighted to the northeast of the Bahamas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025591-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Baltimore Canaries season\nThe Baltimore Canaries played their final season in 1874 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished eighth in the league with a record of 9-38.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025591-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Baltimore Canaries season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025592-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Belgian general election\nPartial general elections were held in Belgium on 9 June 1874. The result was a victory for the Catholic Party, which won 68 of the 124 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 34 of the 62 seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 64.1%, although only 52,074 people were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025592-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Belgian general election\nUnder the alternating system, elections for the Chamber of Representatives were only held in four out of the nine provinces: Hainaut, Limburg, Li\u00e8ge and East Flanders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025592-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Belgian general election\nIncumbent Head of Government Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my de Theux de Meylandt was re-elected in the arrondissement of Hasselt but died on 21 August 1874. A special election was held on 27 September 1874 to replace him, which Henri de Pitteurs-Hiegaerts won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025592-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Belgian general election\nAdditionally, a special election was held in the arrondissement of Tielt to replace Gustave de M\u00fbelenaere, who died on 8 July 1874; this is of note as future Prime Minister Auguste Beernaert was elected to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025593-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Birkenhead by-election\nThe Birkenhead by-election of 1874 was fought on 24 November 1874. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Laird. It was won by the Conservative candidate David MacIver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025594-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Birthday Honours\nThe 1874 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette in May and June 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025594-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025595-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Boston Red Stockings season\nThe 1874 Boston Red Stockings season was the fourth season of the franchise. They won their third consecutive National Association championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025595-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Boston Red Stockings season\nManaged by Harry Wright, Boston finished with a record of 52\u201318 to win the pennant by 7.5 games. Pitcher Al Spalding started 69 of the Red Stockings' games and led the NA with 52 wins. Outfielder Cal McVey led the league with 71 runs batted in, and he paced the Boston offense which scored more runs than any other team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025595-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Boston Red Stockings season\nHarry Wright, Al Spalding, first baseman Jim O'Rourke, catcher Deacon White, and shortstop George Wright have all been elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025595-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025595-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025595-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025595-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025596-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1873 saw the reelection of Samuel C. Cobb.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025597-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Brooklyn Atlantics season\nThe Brooklyn Atlantics played in 1874 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished sixth in the league with a record of 22-33.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025597-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Brooklyn Atlantics season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025598-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Buckinghamshire by-election\nThe Buckinghamshire by-election of 1874 was fought on 17 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Benjamin Disraeli, becoming the Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury and so having to resign his seat. It was retained by Disraeli, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025599-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Cambridgeshire by-election\nThe Cambridgeshire by-election of 1874 was fought on 3 January 1874. The byelection was fought due to the Succession to a peerage of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Viscount Royston. It was won by the Conservative candidate Elliot Yorke who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025600-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Canadian federal election\nThe 1874 Canadian federal election was held on January 22, 1874, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 3rd Parliament of Canada. Sir John A. Macdonald, who had recently been forced out of office as prime minister, and his Conservatives were defeated by the Liberal Party under their new leader Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025600-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Canadian federal election\nMacdonald's government had been forced to resign on November 5, 1873, because of allegations of corruption relating to the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway (see the Pacific Scandal). The Liberals under Mackenzie formed a government two days later with an election called for January. The Tories were unable to recover from the scandal and lost the election as a result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025600-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Canadian federal election\nThe election was the first general election after Prince Edward Island's entry into Confederation, and the first to use secret ballots in Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025600-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Canadian federal election, National results\n1 Liberal-Conservatives sat with the Conservative caucus in the House of Commons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025601-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1874 Chicago White Stockings season was the 3rd season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 2nd in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players and the 1st at 23rd Street Grounds. The White Stockings returned to the league in 1874 after taking two years to recover from the chaos of the Great Chicago Fire. They opened their season on Wednesday May 13 hosting the Philadelphia Athletics and shut them out 4 to 0. They finished fifth in the National Association with a record of 28\u201331.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025601-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025602-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 City of Dunedin by-election\nThe 1874 City of Dunedin by-election was a by-election held  on 23 April 1874 in the City of Dunedin electorate in Dunedin during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025602-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 City of Dunedin by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, John Bathgate to when he resigned to take up the appointments of Dunedin resident magistrate and Otago district judge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025602-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 City of Dunedin by-election\nWales was opposed by George Elliott Barton and James Gordon Stuart Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025603-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 City of Durham by-election\nThe City of Durham by-election of 1874 was fought on 13 June 1874. The byelection was fought due to the voiding of the incumbent Liberal MP, Thomas Charles Thompson's election. It was retained by the Liberal candidate Farrer Herschell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025604-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Colombian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in the United States of Colombia in 1874. The result was a victory for Santiago P\u00e9rez de Manosalbas of the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025604-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Colombian presidential election, Electoral system\nThe 1863 constitution changed the electoral system from a direct vote to an indirect vote. The President was now elected on the basis of which candidate received the most votes in each state, with a candidate required to win in at least five of the nine states to be elected. If no candidate received a majority, Congress would elect the President from the main contenders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025605-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Columbia football team\nThe 1874 Columbia football team represented Columbia University in the 1874 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025606-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1874 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 6, 1874. Incumbent governor and Democratic nominee Charles R. Ingersoll defeated Republican nominee Henry B. Harrison with 50.87% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025607-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 County Louth by-election\nThe County Louth by-election of 1874 was fought on 8 April 1874. The byelection was fought due to the double Election, chose to sit for Dundalk of the incumbent Home Rule MP, Philip Callan. It was won by the Home Rule candidate George Harley Kirk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025608-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Delaware gubernatorial election\nThe 1874 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1874. Incumbent Democratic Governor James Ponder was unable to seek re-election. Former county judge John P. Cochran ran as the Democratic nominee to succeed Ponder and faced the Republican nominee, Dr. Isaac Jump. Cochran ultimately defeated Jump, but by a significantly reduced margin from 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025608-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Delaware gubernatorial election, Bibliography\nThis Delaware elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025609-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Dissolution Honours\nThe 1874 Dissolution Honours List was issued in February 1874 prior to the general election at the advice of the outgoing Prime Minister, William Gladstone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025609-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Dissolution Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025610-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Dublin County by-election\nThe Dublin County by-election of 1874 was fought on 18 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Thomas Edward Taylor, becoming Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025611-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Dublin University by-election\nThe Dublin University by-election of 1874 was fought on 16 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, John Thomas Ball, becoming Attorney General for Ireland. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025612-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Dudley by-election\nThe Dudley by-election of 1874 was fought on 21 May 1874 shortly after the February General Election, which had brought about the re-election of the Liberal MP Henry Brinsley Sheridan. The election was declared void 4 May 1874, triggering a by-election. Sheridan had been first elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Dudley in 1857. At the subsequent by-election held on 21 May 1874, he was again returned, defeating the ironmaster, Noah Hingley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025613-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 East Gloucestershire by-election\nThe East Gloucestershire by-election of 1874 was held on 17 March 1874. The byelection was held due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Michael Hicks Beach, becoming Chief Secretary for Ireland. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025614-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 East Suffolk by-election\nThe East Suffolk by-election of 1874 was fought on 20 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Frederick Thellusson, 5th Baron Rendlesham, becoming Lord Commissioner of the Treasury. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025615-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 East Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Sydney on 15 July 1874 because James Neale resigned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025616-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 English cricket season\n1874 was the 88th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). W. G. Grace become the first player to perform the \u201cdouble\u201d in an English season. In 21 first-class matches, he scored 1,664 runs and took 140 wickets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025616-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed. Some sources give Derbyshire and though this was once accepted in some publications, including Wisden on the basis of the \"least matches lost\" principle, it has been superseded. Hampshire, though regarded until 1885 as first-class, played no inter-county matches between 1868 and 1869 or 1871 and 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025617-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Eye by-election\nThe Eye by-election of 1874 was fought on 17 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, George Barrington, becoming Vice-Chamberlain of the Household. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025618-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 FA Cup Final\nThe 1874 FA Cup final was a football match between Oxford University and Royal Engineers on 14 March 1874 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the third final of the world's oldest football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (known in the modern era as the FA Cup). Both teams had previously reached the final but been defeated by Wanderers. The Engineers had reached the final with comparative ease, scoring sixteen goals and conceding only one in the four previous rounds. Oxford's opponents in the earlier rounds had included two-time former winners Wanderers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025618-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 FA Cup Final\nThe final was decided by two goals from Oxford in the first twenty minutes. Their opponents had spent two weeks training for the match, an innovative concept at the time, but were repeatedly thwarted by Charles Nepean, the Oxford goalkeeper. The Engineers were said to have missed their best back, Lieut. Alfred Goodwyn, who had been posted overseas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025618-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nOxford University and the Chatham-based Royal Engineers were among 28 entrants to the competition in the 1873\u201374 season. Both teams were ranked among the strongest in the country at the time, especially the Engineers who played 86 games between 1871 and 1875 and lost only three, scoring a total of 240 goals and conceding only 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025618-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nBoth teams progressed through the first round of the competition with little difficulty, Oxford defeating Upton Park 4\u20130 and the Engineers winning 5\u20130 against Brondesbury. In the second round, the University beat Barnes 2\u20130 and the \"Sappers\", as the Engineers were nicknamed, beat Uxbridge 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025618-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nThe Engineers comprehensively defeated their quarter-final opponents, Maidenhead, winning 7\u20130, the first time a team had ever scored as many as seven goals in an FA Cup match. Oxford, on the other hand, were paired with Wanderers, who had won the competition in both its first two seasons and never lost an FA Cup match. They had defeated the Engineers in the 1872 final and Oxford in the 1873 final. The first match finished in a 1\u20131 draw, necessitating a replay which Oxford won 1\u20130 to end Wanderers' grip on the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025618-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nBoth semi-final matches were played at Kennington Oval, the home of Surrey County Cricket Club, as specified by the rules in use at the time. Royal Engineers defeated Swifts in the first match to be played, and Oxford booked their place in the final a month later with a 1\u20130 win over Clapham Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025618-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nOxford were able to call on their first-choice goalkeeper, Charles Nepean, who had been unable to play in the previous year's final, which Oxford lost. They also selected William Rawson, whose brother Herbert was in the Engineers' team. The Engineers, who represented the Corps of Royal Engineers regiment of the British army, had undertaken two weeks of special training before the match, an innovative concept in an era when little importance was placed on training, but were unable to field Alfred Goodwyn, considered to be their best back, as he had been posted to India earlier in the year. Oxford's players were not all students, as the team included Arthur Johnson, an ordained clergyman and Fellow of All Souls College. Around 2,000 spectators were in attendance, a smaller crowd than had attended the previous final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 859]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025618-0007-0000", "contents": "1874 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nOxford won the coin toss and elected to begin the game defending the Harleyford Road end of the stadium. Charles Mackarness gave Oxford the lead after just ten minutes. Following an Oxford corner kick, a melee developed in front of the Engineers' goal, and the ball fell to Mackarness, who shot it over the crowd of players and past goalkeeper William Merriman. Frederick Patton doubled the lead ten minutes later after some skillful dribbling by captain Cuthbert Ottaway and Robert Vidal, who was nicknamed the \"prince of dribblers\" for his skill in that aspect of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025618-0007-0001", "contents": "1874 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nOxford could have had a third goal when they managed to get the ball through the Engineers' goalposts, but the players did not appeal for the goal. At the time, as in cricket, the officials were not permitted to award a goal unless the players appealed for it, thus no goal was given. It is not recorded why the Oxford players never appealed. The best effort for the Engineers came when Henry Renny-Tailyour's shot struck the goalpost. Late in the game the \"Sappers\" mounted a series of attacks on the Oxford goal but were unable to score, being repeatedly thwarted by Nepean. Oxford thus won 2\u20130 and secured the cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025618-0008-0000", "contents": "1874 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nAs occurred each year until 1882, the winning team did not receive the trophy at the stadium on the day of the match, but later in the year at their annual dinner. The secretary of the Royal Engineers club, in his official report, stated that Oxford had thoroughly deserved their victory. Some time after the match, the Engineers discovered that Alfred Goodwyn, their absent star player, had died in India on the day of the final of injuries sustained in a fall from a horse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025619-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Falkirk Burghs by-election\nThe Falkirk Burghs by-election of 1874 was fought on 26 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the disqualification of the incumbent Liberal MP, John Ramsay, who held a government contract. It was retained by Ramsay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025620-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Franklin by-election\nThe 1874 Franklin by-election was a by-election held on 9 April 1874 in the Franklin electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025620-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Franklin by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Archibald Clark on 2 February 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025620-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Franklin by-election\nAt the nomination meeting, five candidates were nominated, four of whom were present and addressed the electors. The four were William Woodward, William Goodfellow, Joseph May, and Frank Henry Troupe. Joseph Dargaville was the candidate who was absent. Subsequent to the nomination meeting, Woodward sent a telegram of withdrawal and Dargaville also \"retired\", but both were included in the official results. The by-election was won by May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025621-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 German federal election\nFederal elections were held in Germany on 10 January 1874. The National Liberal Party remained the largest party in the Reichstag, with 147 of the 397 seats. Voter turnout was 61.2%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025622-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities by-election\nThe Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities by-election of 1874 was fought on 14 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Edward Strathearn Gordon, becoming Lord Advocate. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025623-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Grand National\nThe 1874 Grand National was the 36th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 26 March 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025624-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece in June 1874. The United Opposition won 96 of the 190 seats. Dimitrios Voulgaris remained Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025625-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Hackney by-election\nThe Hackney by-election of 1874 was fought on 24 April 1874. The byelection was fought due to the void Election of the incumbent Liberal MP, John Holms. It was retained by Holms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025626-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Hartford Dark Blues season\nThe Hartford Dark Blues were formed by Morgan Bulkeley and joined the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players for the 1874 season. They finished in seventh place in their debut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025626-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Hartford Dark Blues season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025627-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Harvard vs. McGill football game\nThe 1874 Harvard vs. McGill football game was a two-game series between the Harvard Crimson and the McGill Redmen held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on May 14 and 15, 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025627-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Harvard vs. McGill football game\nWith the first game being played under the Harvard's \"Boston rules\", the second one was the first rugby-style football game played in the United States. It used three periods or \"games\" and ended in a scoreless tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025627-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Harvard vs. McGill football game\nA Princeton vs. Rutgers football game had been played five years earlier (in 1869), but under a variation of England's The Football Association rules, closer to contemporary soccer than American football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025627-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Harvard vs. McGill football game, Overview\nOn October 20, 1873, representatives from Yale, Columbia, Princeton, and Rutgers met at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York City to codify the first set of intercollegiate football rules. Before this meeting, each school had its own set of rules and games were usually played using the home team's own particular code. At this meeting, a list of rules, based more on association football than on rugby football, was drawn up for intercollegiate football games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025627-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 Harvard vs. McGill football game, Overview\nHarvard, which played the \"Boston game\", a version of football that allowed carrying, refused to attend this rules conference and continued to play under its own code. While Harvard's voluntary absence from the meeting made it hard for them to schedule games against other American universities, it agreed to a challenge to play McGill University, from Montreal, Canada, in a two-game series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025627-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 Harvard vs. McGill football game, Overview\nThe McGill team traveled to Cambridge to meet Harvard. On May 14, 1874, the first game, played under \"Boston\" rules, was dominated by Harvard, which lead 3\u20130 after only 22 minutes when the game was ended. The next day, the two teams played under \"McGill\" rugby rules to a scoreless tie. The first game featured a round ball instead of a rugby-style oblong ball. McGill used a bladder covered by leather instead of a rubber ball as did Harvard, which was much more difficult to kick. This series of games represents an important milestone in the development of the modern game of American football. A similar game was played a year later between Harvard and Tufts establishing this as the first game between two American colleges played under rules used in today's version of American football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025627-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 Harvard vs. McGill football game, Overview\nAt this time, the try was not used in American Football. The try would later evolve into the score known as the touchdown. In late 1874, the Harvard team traveled to Montreal to play McGill in rugby, and won by three tries in front of 2,000 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025628-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Haverfordwest by-election\nThe Haverfordwest by-election of 1874 was fought on 12 June 1874. The byelection was fought due to the void election of the incumbent Liberal MP, The Lord Kensington. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025629-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Honduran presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Honduras in 1874. The result was a victory for Ponciano Leiva.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025629-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Honduran presidential election, Background\nA dispute between President C\u00e9leo Arias and Salvadoran leader Santiago Gonz\u00e1lez led to Arias being forced to resign on 13 January after troops led by General Ponciano Leiva encircled Comayagua, where Arias was staying. Arias was subseuqently exiled for five years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025629-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Honduran presidential election, Background\nLeiva called a national convention in April, which annulled the 1873 constitution and restored the 1865 document. On 29 April it declared Leiva president. His presidency was later confirmed in a public vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025630-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Hong Kong typhoon\nThe 1874 Hong Kong Typhoon was the third worst typhoon to hit Hong Kong, striking during the night of September 22, 1874 and the morning of September 23, 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025630-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Hong Kong typhoon, Meteorological history\nThe Colony experienced a period of low pressure, typical of the eye of a typhoon. From 08:00 PM, winds raged and howled with ear-deafening sounds, alongside the painful cries of many people who had become homeless. The typhoon increased in strength steadily up to 02:15 AM on September 23. Modern analysis in 2017 indicated that this great typhoon passed approximately 50 to 60\u00a0km to the south of Hong Kong at its closest approach, similar to Hato in 2017. The typhoon began weakening after 03:00 AM.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 46], "content_span": [47, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025630-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Hong Kong typhoon, Impact\nIn Guangdong, at least 10,000 people died in the storm, with some reporting up to 100,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025630-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Hong Kong typhoon, Impact, Hong Kong\nThe typhoon hit Hong Kong with \"unprecedented violence\" and left no less than 2,000 people injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025630-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 Hong Kong typhoon, Impact, Hong Kong\nSome adventurers went out to the Praya at 11:00 PM and found themselves knee deep in the water and risked being washed away by the waves hitting the shore. They were forced to retreat by 01:00 AM as the winds were reaching a new high. The East Point on Causeway Bay recorded a water level 4 feet above its average. Many stores and shops, even far away from the Praya waterfront were flooded and water damaged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025630-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 Hong Kong typhoon, Impact, Hong Kong\nThe storm's two-hour impact had injured and killed many in the Colony. Telegraphic communication was interrupted and communication with Hong Kong island was cut for a time. The town had sustained great loss, its roads were deserted and strewn with debris, house roofs were ruined, windows shattered and walls fallen and cables and gas pipes were blown away and trees uprooted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025630-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 Hong Kong typhoon, Impact, Macau\nThe small Portuguese colony received extreme damage from the typhoon. The barometer reported the pressure of 28\u00a0inHg (950\u00a0hPa). The damaged steamer Poyang arrived in Hong Kong, reporting that the city was destroyed. Buildings around Praia Grande were destroyed, leaving the coast with sand. The streets and houses in the colony were annihilated. Fortaleza do Monte was damaged, with a torn off roof and collapsed walls. St. Joseph's Seminary and Church was nearly destroyed, with two walls remaining. 300,000 patacas worth of goods were destroyed in the storm, tea and olive oil being the costliest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025630-0006-0001", "contents": "1874 Hong Kong typhoon, Impact, Macau\nIt was estimated that over 5,000 people have died in Macau, and damages costs around 400,000 patacas. Around 2,000 ships were also sunk during the storm. The damage in the colony were reportedly worse than Paris during Franco-Prussian War, or the recent earthquake in the Philippines. It was considered the worst storm to hit Macau in history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 37], "content_span": [38, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025630-0007-0000", "contents": "1874 Hong Kong typhoon, Aftermath\nMost of the 37 ships in port were damaged and hundreds of fishing junks and sampans were either wrecked or broken up despite having sought shelter in the bay. At this time Hong Kong did not have its own weather observatory and many people were expecting the storm from a different direction, while others were caught off guard and either shipwrecked or lost their homes. A few false typhoon alerts had been announced earlier in the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025630-0008-0000", "contents": "1874 Hong Kong typhoon, Aftermath\nThe next morning, the Praya scene from west to east was heart-rending: one could easily find boats capsized and corpses floating and drifting on the water with some bodies washed ashore by the high tides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025630-0009-0000", "contents": "1874 Hong Kong typhoon, Aftermath\nThe sizeable Stonecutters' Island Gaol was left in ruins and both the Police Courts and Victoria Gaol were unroofed. The damage overall was considered \"incalculable\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025630-0010-0000", "contents": "1874 Hong Kong typhoon, Aftermath\nErnst Eitel recounted how many of the European and Chinese houses were ruined and became roofless; big trees were unrooted and corpses were found in the ruins and started surfacing at the waterfront from the wrecked ships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025630-0011-0000", "contents": "1874 Hong Kong typhoon, Aftermath\nA visitor arriving on a steamer from Peking during the typhoon reported that the waterfront was nearly swept away, hardly a tree was left standing in the Botanical Gardens and many buildings were found roofless and in ruins. People were hastily burying the dead for the heat was intense and there was great concern over the outbreak of contagious diseases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025630-0012-0000", "contents": "1874 Hong Kong typhoon, Aftermath\nFollowing the incident, Brazilian astronomer Francisco Ant\u00f4nio de Almeida, in his 1879 account describes an episode of arson and looting at two warehouses in which foreigners were murdered, for which the two Chinese perpetrators were sentenced to death. Almeida also cites English newspapers of the time who estimated up to eight thousand people killed in the typhoon, many of them being Spanish families fleeing the Carlist Wars, and originally bound for the Philippines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025630-0013-0000", "contents": "1874 Hong Kong typhoon, Controversy\nCaptain Superintendent of Police Walter Meredith Deane attracted severe criticism for ordering his men confined to barracks rather than to risk rescue of the crews on the wrecked vessels Leonor and Albay. Refusing calls for a public inquiry, Governor Sir Arthur Kennedy passed all papers on the matter to Secretary of State Lord Carnarvon who affirmed Kennedy's decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025631-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Huntingdon by-election\nThe Huntingdon by-election of 1874 was fought on 16 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, John Burgess Karslake, becoming Attorney General for England and Wales. It was retained by the incumbent, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025632-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1874 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 21 July 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025633-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Italian general election\nThe 1874 Italian general election was held in Italy on 8 November, with a second round of voting on 15 November. They were a snap election, called by Prime Minister Marco Minghetti to strengthen his majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025633-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Italian general election\nOnly 571,939 men of a total population of around 28 million were entitled to vote. Right-wing candidates emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament with around 48% of the seats in Parliament. They were largely aristocrats representing rentiers from the north of the country, and held moderate political views including loyalty to the crown and low government spending.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025633-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nPrime Minister Marco Minghetti and his influent Minister of the Treasury Quintino Sella were involved into an ambitious program of budget which needed a strong majority, for which they tried to oblige the Independents to choose their side, beginning to build a two-party system as in the United Kingdom. However, in the Italian non-partisan political system, hugely affected by localism and corruption, their bet was equivalent to an all-in that afterwards they lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025633-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nThe election did not give to Minghetti the advantage he was hoping, especially for the high support to the opposition in Southern Italy. His government survived, but the bipolarisation of the Parliament he had imposed, strengthened the Historical Left so that it could take the leadership of the country. Two years later, MPs from Tuscany became dissatisfied with the government after it refused to intervene in the financial problems of Florence. The government was defeated on a vote on nationalising railways on 18 March 1876 and was forced to resign. As a result, Agostino Depretis, leader of the left-wing bloc, became Prime Minister, with 414 of the 508 MPs supporting the government. Early elections were held in November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025634-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1874 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1874. Incumbent Republican Thomas A. Osborn defeated Democratic nominee James C. Cusey with 56.41% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025635-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Kidderminster by-election\nThe Kidderminster by-election of 1874 was fought on 31 July 1874. The byelection was fought due to the void Election of the incumbent Conservative MP, Albert Grant. It was won by the Conservative candidate Sir William Fraser.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025636-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Launceston by-election\nThe Launceston by-election of 1874 was fought on 3 July 1874. The byelection was fought due to the void Election of the incumbent Conservative MP, James Henry Deakin (senior). It was won by his son, the Conservative candidate James Henry Deakin (junior).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025637-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Liverpool Town Council election\nElections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Monday 2 November 1874. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025637-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Liverpool Town Council election, Aldermanic Election\nAt the meeting of the Council on 9 November 1874, the terms of office of eight alderman expired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 57], "content_span": [58, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025637-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Liverpool Town Council election, Aldermanic Election\nThe following eight were elected as Aldermen by the Council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 9 November 1874 for a term of six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 57], "content_span": [58, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025637-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By Election, 19 March 1875\nThe death of Alderman Thomas Cary (Conservative) was reported to the Council on 19 March 1875. William Bennett was elected as an alderman by the Council on 19 March 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 89], "content_span": [90, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025637-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 13, St. Anne Street, 9 July 1875\nThe death of Alderman James Tyrer (Conservative) was reported to the Council on 29 June 1875. Dr. John Stepford Taylor (Conservative, St. Anne Street, elected unopposed 1 November 1873) was elected as an alderman by the Council (Councillors and Aldermen) on 29 June 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 88], "content_span": [89, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025637-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 10, Rodney Street, 24 September 1875\nCaused by the death of Councillor James Houghton (Conservative, Rodney Street, elected 1 November 1872).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 92], "content_span": [93, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025637-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 11, Abercromby, 14 October 1875\nThe Death of Councillor Robertson Gladstone (Liberal, Abercromby, elected 1 November 1873) was reported to the Council on 6 October 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025637-0007-0000", "contents": "1874 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 14, West Derby, 21 October 1875\nThe Death of Councillor Francis Anderson Clint (Liberal, West Derby, elected 2 November 1874) was reported to the Council on 6 October 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025638-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Liverpool by-election\nThe Liverpool by-election of 1874 was fought on 14 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Viscount Sandon, becoming Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025639-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1874 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 14, 1874. Republican candidate Nelson Dingley Jr. defeated the Democratic candidate Joseph Titcomb.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025640-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Manitoba general election\nThe 1874 Manitoba general election was held on December 30, 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025641-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1874 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1874. Republican acting Governor Thomas Talbot, who took office after the resignation of William B. Washburn, was defeated by Democrat William Gaston, a former Mayor of Boston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025641-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nGaston was the first Democrat elected Governor since George S. Boutwell in 1852 and received the largest share of the vote for any Democrat in the state since the party's founding in 1828.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025641-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Campaign\nTalbot, who had only become acting Governor in April, was by no means guaranteed re-nomination by the Republicans. No candidate, including Talbot, actively sought office, but a number of alternatives were mentioned. Among those suggested were Alexander H. Rice, Henry L. Dawes, George Frisbie Hoar, and Henry L. Pierce. Talbot was thought of as the weakest Republican candidate possible on the basis of his vetoes of liquor regulation; even the prohibitionist governors William Claflin and William Washburn had accepted a tacit agreement that they would not override the legislature's will on liquor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025641-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Campaign\nA proposal was made for Talbot to run for Congress in the vacant seat of Ebenezer R. Hoar, with Rice running for Governor, and Henry L. Dawes for U.S. Senate. Talbot rejected this plan, as did opponents of Rice and Dawes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025641-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Campaign\nRepresentative Benjamin Butler, a kingmaker in Massachusetts politics, largely stayed out of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025641-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Convention\nAt the Republican convention in Worcester on October 7, Talbot was nominated on the first ballot with the support of Dawes and Hoar. Some suggested that their support was exchanged for Talbot's endorsement of Dawes for U.S. Senate in the coming 1875 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025642-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 95th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1874 during the governorships of William B. Washburn and Thomas Talbot. George B. Loring served as president of the Senate and John E. Sanford served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025643-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Mayo by-election\nThe Mayo by-election of 1874 was fought on 29 May 1874. The byelection was fought due to the void Election of the incumbent Home Rule MP, George Ekins Browne. It was retained by Browne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025644-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 McGill Redmen football team\nThe 1874 McGill Redmen football team represented the McGill Redmen during the 1874 college football season. The only game McGill played was a rematch with Harvard under McGill's rugby football rules in Montreal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025645-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1874 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1874. Incumbent Republican John J. Bagley defeated Democratic nominee Henry Chamberlain with 50.37% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025646-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Mid Surrey by-election\nThe Mid Surrey by-election of 1874 was fought on 16 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Richard Baggallay, becoming Solicitor General for England and Wales. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025647-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Midhurst by-election\nThe Midhurst by-election of 1874 was fought on 23 September 1874. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, Charles Perceval. It was won by the Conservative candidate Sir Henry Holland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025648-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Missouri gubernatorial election\nThe 1874 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1874 and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, Charles Henry Hardin, over the Republican candidate, William Gentry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025649-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Monmouthshire by-election\nThe Monmouthshire by-election of 1874 was fought on 17 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Lord Henry Somerset, becoming Comptroller of the Household. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025650-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 NYU Violets football team\nThe 1874 NYU Violets football team represented New York University in the 1874 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025651-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 New Brunswick general election\nThe 1874 New Brunswick general election was held in May and June 1874, to elect 41 members to the 23rd New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The election was held before the adoption of party labels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025651-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 New Brunswick general election\nOf forty-one MLAs, thirty-five supported the government, five formed the opposition, and one was neutral.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025651-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 New Brunswick general election\nThe main issue in the election was the Common Schools Act passed in 1871. Roman Catholics and Acadians, in particular, were opposed to the legislation because it banned religious instruction in publicly funded schools. In the 1874 election, support for the government implied support for the Common Schools Act.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025652-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 New Jersey gubernatorial election\nThe 1874 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1874. Democratic nominee Joseph D. Bedle defeated Republican nominee George A. Halsey with 53.65% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025653-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 New Shoreham by-election\nThe New Shoreham by-election of 1874 was fought on 13 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Stephen Cave, becoming Judge Advocate General. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025654-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 New York Mutuals season\nThe New York Mutuals baseball team finished second in the  National Association in 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025654-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025655-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 New York state election\nThe 1874 New York state election was held on November 3, 1874, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and one member of the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025655-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 New York state election, History\nThe Prohibition state convention met on June 23 at Auburn, New York. James L. Bagg was temporary chairman until the choice of Charles C. Leigh as president. Myron H. Clark was nominated for governor on the first ballot (vote: Clark 81, Horace V. Howland 27, Charles C. Leigh 9). James L. Bagg for lieutenant governor, Horace V. Howland for Judge of the Court of Appeals, Daniel Walford for Canal Commissioner, and Ira Bell for Prison Inspector, were nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025655-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on September 16 and 17 at Syracuse, New York. Samuel J. Tilden was nominated for governor on the first ballot (vote: Tilden 252, Amasa J. Parker 126, Lucius Robinson 6, J. McQuade 3, George G. Bradley 1). William Dorsheimer was nominated for lieutenant governor on the first ballot (vote: Dorsheimer 193, Smith M. Weed 135, Stephen T. Hayt 34, Edward F. Jones 15, George W. Schuyler 11). Adin Thayer was nominated for Canal Commissioner on the first ballot (vote: Thayer 196, Isaiah Fuller 148, Nathaniel P. Milliman 5). George Wagener was nominated for Prison Inspector during the first ballot when he had 118 votes and George W. Millspaugh 35. Theodore Miller was nominated for Judge of the Court of Appeals on the first ballot (vote: Miller 196, Robert Earl 115).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 840]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025655-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on September 23 at the Opera House in Utica, New York. Theodore M. Pomeroy was temporary chairman until the choice of Ex-Governor Edwin D. Morgan as president. The incumbents Governor John A. Dix, Lieutenant Governor John C. Robinson, Judge Alexander S. Johnson, Canal Commissioner Alexander Barkley and Prison Inspector Thomas Kirkpatrick were re-nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025655-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 New York state election, History\nThe Liberal Republican state convention met on September 29 at Tweddle Hall in Albany, New York. Charles Hughes was president. The convention did not nominate a ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025655-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 New York state election, Result\nThe whole Democratic ticket was elected, defeating all the incumbents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025655-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 New York state election, Result\nThe seat in the New York State Senate was won by Democrat Albert P. Laning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025655-0007-0000", "contents": "1874 New York state election, Result\n75 Democrats and 53 Republicans were elected for the session of 1875 to the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025656-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 New Zealand census\nThe 1874 New Zealand census was a population count taken in 1874. The population of New Zealand was 299,385, not including M\u0101ori. The Maori population was estimated to be around 46,000, of whom 43,538 lived in the North Island. This included part-M\u0101ori people living as M\u0101ori. Census papers were delivered to households during February 1874, to be completed for the night of 1 March 1874. The census asked questions about people's age, sex, marital status, religion, place of birth, health and education. Additional questions were asked about land use and ownership and about farm animals and equipment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025656-0000-0001", "contents": "1874 New Zealand census\nThe census of M\u0101ori people was conducted differently to the general census. Instead of delivering papers to each household and later collecting them, officers enquired about the population from reliable local M\u0101ori. The reasoning was that M\u0101ori had always been used to transmitting their history and pedigrees orally, so more accurate results would be obtained than by means of printed forms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025656-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 New Zealand census\nThe number of Chinese living in New Zealand was shown to have almost doubled from the previous census in 1871, from 2640 to 4796. Only one Chinese woman was said to live in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025657-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election\nThe Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election of 1874 was fought on 14 January 1874. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Joseph Cowen. It was won by his son, the Liberal candidate Joseph Cowen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025658-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Newfoundland general election\nThe 1874 Newfoundland general election was held in 1874 to elect members of the 12th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Colony of Newfoundland. The Conservative Party led by Frederick Carter formed the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025659-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 North Devonshire by-election\nThe North Devonshire by-election of 1874 was fought on 18 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Stafford Northcote, becoming Chancellor of the Exchequer. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025660-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 North Hampshire by-election\nThe North Hampshire by-election of 1874 was fought on 14 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, George Sclater-Booth, becoming President of the Local Government Board. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025661-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 North Lancashire by-election\nThe North Lancashire by-election of 1874 was fought on 26 March 1874. The by-election in the North Lancashire constituency was fought due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Wilson-Patten. It was won by the Conservative candidate Thomas Henry Clifton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025662-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 North Lincolnshire by-election\nThe North Lincolnshire by-election of 1874 was fought on 16 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Rowland Winn, becoming Lord Commissioner of the Treasury. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025663-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 North Northamptonshire by-election\nThe North Northamptonshire by-election of 1874 was fought on 18 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, George Ward Hunt, becoming First Lord of the Admiralty. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025664-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 North Northumberland by-election\nThe North Northumberland by-election of 1874 was fought on 17 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Earl Percy, becoming Treasurer of the Household. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025665-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 North Staffordshire by-election\nThe North Staffordshire by-election of 1874 was fought on 23 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Charles Adderley, becoming President of the Board of Trade. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025666-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Northampton by-election\nThe Northampton by-election of 1874 was fought on 6 October 1874. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Charles Gilpin. It was won by the Conservative candidate Charles George Merewether.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025667-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Northwich F.C.\n1874 Northwich Football Club is a football club based in Northwich, Cheshire, England. Established in 2012 by supporters of Northwich Victoria, they are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One West. Home matches are played at Barnton's Townfield ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025667-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Northwich F.C.\nThe club is fully owned by its supporters, and is run by a democratically elected board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025667-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Northwich F.C., History\nThe club was established on 15 November 2012 at a meeting at Lostock Social Club in Lostock Gralam, near Northwich, when members of the Northwich Victoria Supporters' Trust were given the opportunity to decide on creating a new football club due to growing disenfranchisement with how Northwich Victoria has been run over many years. The vote ended with a 141\u20134 vote in favour of a new club. It had emerged on the day of the vote that the owner of Northwich Victoria had been declared bankrupt (later annulled) and therefore failed the FA Fit and Proper Persons test.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025667-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Northwich F.C., History\nOn 29 November 2012 fans attended an open meeting in Northwich, where they chose the name 1874 Northwich for the club. In order to avoid legal issues over the new club's name, none of the proposed options included the words Vics or Victoria. The date 1874 was chosen because it was the year in which the original club named Northwich Victoria was founded, or at least, when they played their first formal match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025667-0003-0001", "contents": "1874 Northwich F.C., History\nThe original club became defunct and disbanded in 1890, when a new club, which elected to use the name Northwich Victoria was founded from an amalgamation of the original club bearing the same name and Hartford and Davenham United. Alongside the naming of the club, fans were also given the chance to vote on a motto; the phrase 'Ever Glorious', which was used by the Cheshire Regiment was chosen due to their links with the town of Northwich. One of the other options included the Latin translation, 'Semper Gloriosa'. Ever Glorious has also become established as the name of the club's match-day programme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025667-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 Northwich F.C., History\nOn 3 January 2013 it was confirmed that the club had been officially registered with the Cheshire County Football Association and had applied to join the North West Counties League in time for the 2013\u201314 season, and were accepted into Division One of the league on 23 May. The appointment of the club's first manager, former Winsford United and Ashton Athletic boss Ian Street was announced on 25 April 2013, with his assistant Lee Duckworth being announced three days later. The club played their first match on 10 July 2013 against local team Lostock Gralam, winning 3\u20131. Their first honours came three days later in the Supporters Direct Shield, when they defeated AFC Rushden & Diamonds 3\u20130 in Widnes at the Halton Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025667-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 Northwich F.C., History\nTheir first league game was played on 3 August 2013 against Oldham Boro, where 490 fans attended the game which finished 1\u20131. In their first season, the club finished third in Division One, initially missing out on promotion to the Premier Division on goal difference. However, following the resignation of Formby in May, Northwich were promoted in their place. In their second season, the club finished third in the Premier Division and  entered the FA Cup for the first time. They finished fourth in the Premier Division in 2015\u201316, and also won the Mid-Cheshire Senior Cup, beating Witton Albion in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025667-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 Northwich F.C., History\nIan Street resigned as first-team manager on 12 March 2017, with assistant Paul Bowyer and first-team coach Wayne Goodison becoming caretaker joint managers before being appointed on a permanent basis. The club went on to win the Mid-Cheshire Senior Cup with a 1\u20130 win over Northwich Victoria in the final. In 2017\u201318 they reached the semi-finals of the FA Vase, losing 4\u20132 on aggregate to Thatcham Town. The following season saw the club win the North West Counties Football League Cup, beating league champions City of Liverpool 1\u20130 in the final at Moss Lane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025667-0006-0001", "contents": "1874 Northwich F.C., History\nIn July 2021 the club won the much-delayed 2019\u201320 League Cup, defeating Runcorn Town 6\u20133 in the final. After the 2020\u201321 season was curtailed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the club were promoted to Division One West of the Northern Premier League having had the highest points-per-game (PPG) average in the North West Counties League Premier Division over the previous two curtailed seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025667-0007-0000", "contents": "1874 Northwich F.C., Ground\nThe club play at the Townfield ground in Barnton, groundsharing with Barnton F.C. They previously played at Winsford United's Barton Stadium from their establishment until the end of the 2018\u201319 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025667-0008-0000", "contents": "1874 Northwich F.C., Managerial records\nBased on win\u00a0% in all matches excluding friendlies, correct as of 7 August 2019", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025668-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Nova Scotia general election\nThe 1874 Nova Scotia general election was held on 17 December 1874 to elect members of the 26th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Liberal party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025669-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Open Championship\nThe 1874 Open Championship was the 14th Open Championship, held 10 April at Musselburgh Links, Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland. Mungo Park won the Championship, by two strokes from runner-up Tom Morris, Jr. This was the first Open Championship played at Musselburgh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025669-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Open Championship\nPlay started at about 12 noon in dull and showery weather but later in the day the weather improved. The course, especially the greens, \"were rather heavy\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025669-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Open Championship\nMany of the spectators followed Tom Morris, Jr. and Willie Park, Sr. who were paired together. Morris started badly and came to grief in several bunkers. Park scored 40 in the first round to Morris's 42. However, as the day progressed, Morris improved while Park fell away. The best player in the first two rounds was Mungo Park with scores of 37 and 38. At this stage he led by 4 from G. McCachnie, 5 from George Paxton with Tom Morris, Jr. and Willie Park a full 8 shots behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025669-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Open Championship\nMungo Park had a third round 43 with G. McCachnie, George Paxton, Jamie Anderson and Tom Morris, Jr. each four behind at that stage. Bob Martin was a further shot behind after a third round 38. Mungo Park scored 41 in his final round and although Morris again played a useful round he still finished two behind. McCachnie fell away with a closing 47. \"During the last round the utmost excitement prevailed, and as each couple came in a knot of spectators gathered round them to ascertain what luck had attended them.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025670-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Oregon gubernatorial election\nThe 1874 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on June 1, 1874 to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. The election matched Republican J. C. Tolman against Democratic incumbent La Fayette Grover and independent Thomas Franklin Campbell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025671-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Oxford University by-election\nThe Oxford University by-election of 1874 was fought on 14 March 1874. The by-election was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Gathorne Hardy, becoming Secretary of State for War. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025672-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Oxford by-election\nThe Oxford by-election of 1874 was fought on 16 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Liberal MP, Edward Cardwell. It was won by the Conservative candidate Alexander William Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025673-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1874 Philadelphia Athletics finished in third place in the National Association with a record of 33-22. Dick McBride pitched all of the team's innings and led the league with a 1.64 earned run average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025673-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025673-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025673-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025674-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Philadelphia White Stockings season\nThe Philadelphia White Stockings played in 1874 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished fourth in the league with a record of 29-29.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025674-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Philadelphia White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025675-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Philadelphia mayoral election\nThe Philadelphia mayoral election of 1874 saw the reelection of William S. Stokley. He defeated Alexander McClure, an independent candidate who was supported by the Democratic party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025676-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Poole by-election\nThe Poole by-election of 1874 was held on 26 May 1874. It was caused by the election being declared void on petition, after \"corrupt conduct and treating\". It was retained by Liberal MP, Evelyn Ashley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025677-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Portsmouth by-election\nThe Portsmouth by-election of 1874 was fought on 16 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, James Dalrymple-Horn-Elphinstone, becoming Lord Commissioner of the Treasury. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025678-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 12 July 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025679-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Preston by-election\nThe Preston by-election of 1874 was fought on 24 April 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, John Holker, becoming Solicitor General for England and Wales. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025680-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1874 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1874 college football season. The team beat Columbia and Rutgers by identical 6\u20130 scores, finished with a 2\u20130 record, and was retroactively named national champion by the Billingsley Report and as co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. Isaac H. Lionberger was the team's captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025680-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Princeton Tigers football team\nThis season marked the third of four consecutive national championships, and one of 11 in a 13-year period between 1869 and 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025681-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1874 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1874 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 1\u20133 record and were outscored by their opponents 17 to 7. The team had no coach, and its captain was Abram T. Marine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025682-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1874 Scottish Cup Final was the inaugural final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1873\u201374 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The match took place at Hampden Park on 21 March 1874 and was contested by Queen's Park and Clydesdale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025682-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Scottish Cup Final\nQueen's Park won the match 2\u20130 with goals from Billy MacKinnon and Robert Leckie. Subscription fees from 15 of these clubs were used to pay for the Scottish Cup trophy which the teams would compete for. The trophy is the oldest in association football and is also the oldest national trophy in the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025682-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nFollowing the foundation of The Football Association in 1863 and the success of their FA Cup, established in 1871, the committee of Queen's Park convened a meeting in Dewar\u2019s Hotel, Glasgow on 13 March 1873 to form the Scottish Football Association. Seven clubs attended the meeting; Clydesdale, Dumbreck, Eastern, Granville, Queen's Park, Vale of Leven and 3rd Lanark RV while the eighth founding member \u2013 Kilmarnock \u2013 intimated by letter their support. The founding members took the decision to establish their own annual competition and thus the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup was born. Subscription fees from these eight clubs plus seven of the other eight to enter the inaugural competition were used to pay for the Scottish Cup trophy which the teams would compete for. Unlike the FA Cup, the original trophy is still awarded to the winners of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 915]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025682-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final\nBoth clubs entered the competition in the first round. Queen's Park won all of their matches before the final at the first attempt whilst Clydesdale need two replays to see off 3rd Lanark RV in the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025682-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Queen's Park\nQueen's Park entered the competition in the first round and defeated Dumbreck with an emphatic 7\u20130 victory on 25 October 1873. In the quarter-finals the club faced Eastern, producing a 1\u20130 win to progress to the first semi-final. The club eliminated Renton in a 2\u20130 win to complete a hat-trick of clean sheets in the tournament and qualify for the final of the first ever Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025682-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Clydesdale\nAlong with Queen's Park, Clydesdale produced an emphatic victory in the first round, defeating Granville 6\u20130 in what would be Granville's only competitive match. In the next round the club faced 3rd Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers where the first two matches ended in draws forcing replays. The original fixture ended 1\u20131 and the first replay 0\u20130. In the second replay of the fixture, Clydesdale overcame their opponents 2\u20130 to progress the semi-final stage. The club faced Blythswood at Kinning Park and won 4\u20130 to progress to the first Scottish Cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025682-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 Scottish Cup Final, Match, Report\nQueen's Park and Clydesdale took to the pitch at a windy Hampden Park on 21 March 1874. The match kicked-off at quarter to four, Clydesdale with the disadvantage of having the wind in their faces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025682-0007-0000", "contents": "1874 Scottish Cup Final, Match, Report\nIn the first half Clydesdale controversially had a goal ruled out. Queen's Park protested when referee James McIntyre initially appeared to award a goal after Fred Anderson kicked the ball past Queen's goalkeeper John Dickson. There were no goal nets to catch the ball if it had been placed between the posts and it was claimed that Anderson's shot had rebounded off a spectator's knee. Had the goal been allowed to stand, the teams would have changed ends according to the rules at the time and Clydesdale would gain the advantage of having the wind behind them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025682-0008-0000", "contents": "1874 Scottish Cup Final, Match, Report\nInstead, Queen's Park retained that advantage and, early in the second half, Billy MacKinnon gave them the lead with \"a powerful shot after a superb individual run\". Robert Leckie scored Queen's Park's second goal with a shot not long before time was called.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025683-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 South Australian football season\nThe 1874 South Australian football season was the twelfth year of interclub football in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025683-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 South Australian football season, Metropolitan football matches, August 15\nKensington were scheduled to play Victorian at Kensington but the latter failed to appear; the umpire awarded the match to Kensington on forfeit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 79], "content_span": [80, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025683-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 South Australian football season, Ladder\nIn the table below, Senior Results is based only upon games played against senior clubs; the record listed under W-L-D is the record over all matches, including those against country and junior teams. The senior results include the premiership playoff match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025684-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1874 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1874 to select the governor and lieutenant governor of the state of South Carolina. Daniel Henry Chamberlain won the election and became the 76th governor of South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025684-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign\nAt the convention of the state Republicans on September 8 through September 11 in Columbia, the delegates felt that reform was vital for the continuation of Republican power. Governor Franklin J. Moses, Jr. was caught up in corruption scandals and never considered as a nominee for reelection to Governor. Instead, Daniel Henry Chamberlain was nominated for Governor and soundly won the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025684-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign\nChamberlain had been the Attorney General of South Carolina from 1868 to 1872 and pushed for reform of the state government. His association with Radical Republicans such as Senator John J. Patterson and former Governor Robert Kingston Scott enabled him to keep the support of stalwart Republicans while preaching a reform message.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025684-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign\nIt was this close association with Radical Republicans that again caused a split within the Republican party. The Independent Republicans met in Charleston on October 2 to select candidates for Governor and Lieutenant Governor. John T. Green was chosen to be their nominee for Governor and Martin Delany, a black man, was their candidate for lieutenant governor. The Independent Republicans adopted the Republican platform and the only difference between the two parties was that the Independent Republicans claimed their intention to clean up state government if elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025684-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign\nThe Conservative Party of South Carolina formed in 1874 from the members of the State Tax Union advocating for change. They endorsed the Independent Republican ticket for statewide offices and their platform consisted entirely of restoring honesty and efficiency in state government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025684-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held on November 3, 1874 and Daniel Henry Chamberlain was elected as governor of South Carolina. Turnout was the highest for a gubernatorial election thus held in South Carolina, although many white voters stayed away from the polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025685-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 South Devonshire by-election\nThe South Devonshire by-election of 1874 was fought on 19 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Massey Lopes, becoming Civil Lord of the Admiralty. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025686-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 South West Lancashire by-election\nThe South West Lancashire by-election of 1874 was fought on 19 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Richard Assheton Cross, becoming Home Secretary. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025687-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 St Ives by-election\nThe St Ives by-election of 1874 was fought on 28 December 1874. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Edward Davenport. It was won by the Conservative candidate Charles Praed who received 617 votes against Liberal candidate Sir Francis Lycett's 552 votes. During the  election, the town held a holiday, with shops closed and ships not leaving harbour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025687-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 St Ives by-election\nPraed's election was later declared void, resulting in a further by-election in 1875, where Praed was returned again to the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025688-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Stevens football team\nThe 1874 Stevens football team represented Stevens Institute of Technology in the 1874 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025689-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Swiss constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in Switzerland on 19 April 1874. The new constitution was approved by 63.2% of voters and a majority of cantons. It gave more responsibilities and powers to the federal government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025689-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Swiss constitutional referendum, Background\nIn order to pass, any amendments to the constitution needed a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025690-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Tenterfield colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Tenterfield on 24 August 1874 because Robert Abbott had been appointed Secretary for Mines in the first Parkes ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025690-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Tenterfield colonial by-election\nEdward Jones was an auctioneer from Glen Innes, and this was the first and only time he was a candidate for the Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot\nThe Tompkins Square Park riot occurred on January 13, 1874, at Tompkins Square Park in what is now the East Village and Alphabet City neighborhoods of Manhattan, New York City. The riot started after the New York City Police Department clashed with a demonstration involving thousands of unemployed civilians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background\nThe riot occurred in the midst of the Panic of 1873, a depression that began in 1873 and lasted for several years. Workers movements throughout the United States had been making demands of the government to help ease the strain of the depression. Organizations rejected offers of charity and instead asked for public works programs that would provide jobs for the masses of unemployed. Formed in December 1873, The Committee of Safety in New York City tried to organize a meeting with city officials but was denied any such opportunity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background\nImpelling the workers' demands and the subsequent riot was poverty which, as the result of the Panic of 1873, had become significantly more prevalent in the United States, causing great plight to American workers. The Bureau of statistics in Massachusetts had found that the majority of working men then were unable to support their families from their earnings, and depended on the assistance of their children in order not to be in poverty and debt. Meanwhile, workers also had to deal with inflation as prices for rent, fuel and clothing didn't fall to meet decreased wages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background\nEvictions had become widespread and people roamed the streets looking for food to eat. In New York City, there were over 90,000 homeless workers, almost half of them women, who were forced to sleep in police stations. They became known as \"revolvers\" because they could only stay in a police station for a few nights a month and therefore had to keep moving.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background\nIn response, the committee organized a demonstration for January 13, 1874 to meet in Tompkins Square Park, which had often been used as a gathering point for demonstrations, and planned to march to City Hall. Demonstrators would demand that Mayor William F. Havemeyer establish a public works program to generate employment opportunities by donating $100,000 to a Labor Relief Bureau to be established by the committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background\nA separate organization, headed by Patrick Dunn, then called for a more militant demonstration on January 5, urging workers to use direct action if the government did not respond to demands. Members of the Committee of Safety attended the protest, at first trying to discourage workers from marching to City Hall that day but then joining the committee that led the march once it became clear that the demonstration could not be prevented. The demonstrators' demands were turned down by Aldermen at City Hall, and Committee of Safety members encouraged people to return for another demonstration on January 8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background\nOver 1,000 people showed up for the January 8th demonstration in Union Square. The police also sent one precinct's full reserve force. Dunn proposed for the crowd to march on City Hall again but was outnumbered by Committee of Safety supporters, who instead chose to march to Tompkins Square. At Tompkins Square,  several demands, including the 8-hour day, were voted for, and the crowd was then encouraged to return again on January 13 for the original march organized by the Committee of Safety. Another precinct had its reserve force ready in Tompkins Square, but the police did not take any action that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0007-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background\nThe Committee of Safety's attempts to pacify the movement did not bring them any sympathy however. Across the city, newspapers warned of the menace that the Committee represented. It was rumored that weapons had been bought with jewels stolen in Paris by Communards. The Police Board refused to allow the demonstration to come near City Hall, instead advising for the Committee to march to Union Square. When asked, Governor John A. Dix rejected the Committee's pleas to intervene on their behalf in the matter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0008-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background\nIn the end, the Committee decided not to have a march at all but simply hold the meeting in Tompkins Square Park for which they had already received the permit from the Department of Parks. At the request of the Police Board, however, the Department of Parks revoked the permit the night before the meeting. The police claimed to have told the Committee of Safety organizer Peter J. McGuire about the change of decision, who claimed to have been out when the message was delivered. The Department of Parks decision certainly was not made known to the masses of protesters in time to cancel the demonstration the next morning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0009-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, The riot\nOver 7,000 workers gathered in Tompkins Square Park on January 13, 1874, including about 1,200 workers from the German Tenth Ward Workingmen's Association. This was the largest demonstration that New York City had ever seen. Roughly 1,600 policemen were stationed in the surrounding area. There were no notices in sight, however, to inform the crowd that the meeting's permit had been revoked.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0010-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, The riot\nShortly after 10 a.m., police entered the square and dispersed most of the crowd from the park, beating people with clubs. Other police on horseback cleared the surrounding streets. Men from the German Tenth Ward Workingmen's Association fought back, attempting to defend the square. One policeman was hit in the head with a hammer. Christian Mayer was arrested for the incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0011-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, The riot\nSamuel Gompers described the events and his experiences: \"mounted police charged the crowd on Eighth Street, riding them down and attacking men, women, and children without discrimination. It was an orgy of brutality. I was caught in the crowd on the street and barely saved my head from being cracked by jumping down a cellarway.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0012-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, The riot\nPanic spread across New York the rest of the day. One school was put under police protection as it was rumored that immigrants were planning to burn it down. City Alderman Kehr claimed that he had to jump off a street car to escape from protesters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0013-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Aftermath\nA total of 46 arrests were made in connection with the January 13 Tompkins Square meeting. Bail was set at $1000 for each arrestee. Mayer, along with as his fellow Tenth Ward Workingmen's Association member, Joseph Hoefflicher, received assault charges, and both went to jail for several months. Mayer was finally pardoned at the end of the summer by Governor Dix after a campaign led by a socialist newspaper. A third German worker, Justus Schwab, who had been arrested for carrying a red flag, was charged with incitement to riot. Schwab's East First Street saloon, a meeting place for radicals, was memorialized in 2012 with a plaque placed by the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0014-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Aftermath\nThe unemployed movement lost much momentum after the riot. Efforts to organize another march proved to be futile. With the exception of the campaign to pardon Mayer, support was not sustained for those who were injured or arrested in the riot. By the end of the month, the Committee of Safety dissolved itself to form the Industrial Political Party, which was then also dissolved later that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025691-0015-0000", "contents": "1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Aftermath\nAttempts were made to have members of the Police Board fired over the incident. John Swinton, editor at the New York Sun, described police actions as an \"outrage\" in statements  made at the New York State Assembly's Committee on Grievances. These were later published as a pamphlet, The Tompkins Square Outrage, but the campaign to have the Board fired never succeeded. At the same time, the New York City Police Department increased their surveillance and harassment of political organizations. They were able to intimidate landlords into evicting radical groups and canceling meetings on their premises. A church fire was wrongly blamed on radicals, and rumor of a Communist plot to kill the mayor was circulated, both in an attempt to justify police actions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 803]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025692-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island\nThe 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island was an astronomical expedition by French scientists to observe the  9 December 1874 transit of Venus on subantarctic Campbell Island in the Southern Ocean some 600\u00a0km south of New Zealand. It was one of several such scientific expeditions from various countries sent around the world to observe the rare astronomical event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025692-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island, Preparation\nThe expedition was conducted under the auspices of the French Academy of Sciences which established a committee to plan the operation. A year before the transit was due, the French naval frigate FRWS Vire, based at Noum\u00e9a and commanded by Captain J. Jacquemart, visited the island from 28 November to 25 December 1873. The officers and crew of the ship made a thorough survey of the coastline and set up a platform for astronomical equipment on the headland between Camp Cove and Garden Cove in Perseverance Harbour and cleared a path to the beach. They also planted a garden with potatoes, cabbages and other vegetables.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 64], "content_span": [65, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025692-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island, Preparation\nThe leader of the main expedition was A. Bouquet de la Grye, a naval hydrographer, assisted by hydrographer P. Hatt and naval officer Th. Courrejolles who was in charge of the photographic equipment. The fourth scientist was naturalist and expedition doctor Henri Filhol. They were accompanied by a support staff which included technicians, carpenters and mechanics. The expedition departed Marseilles in June 1874. They reached Sydney on 21 August and joined the Vire which had brought equipment from Noum\u00e9a. They left Sydney on 2 September and arrived at Campbell Island on 9 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 64], "content_span": [65, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025692-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island, Campbell Island\nAfter briefly checking North East Harbour and rejecting it as a venue for their work, they continued to Perseverance Harbour and Garden Cove. There, finding that there was insufficient space for their encampment and equipment and that nothing had survived in the vegetable garden except for a few cabbages, they set up their camp in Venus Bay instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 68], "content_span": [69, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025692-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island, Campbell Island\nSeptember was occupied by unloading the Vire, erecting several prefabricated buildings and constructing a 20\u00a0m stone jetty. Pens were built for the sheep and pigs brought as food. On 22 September one of the technicians, Paul Duris, died of typhoid fever and was buried on the point opposite Venus Bay. The encampment was ready for occupation on 1 October. From mid October until mid November the Vire was away and the expedition members filled their time testing their equipment and repairing that which had been damaged on the outward voyage. Filhol collected natural history specimens and observed the wildlife. The weather was not helpful; the expedition endured a series of storms which caused damage to the buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 68], "content_span": [69, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025692-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island, Campbell Island\nOn 9 December the skies were cloudy, though as the time of the transit approached the sun appeared briefly giving the observers a view of Venus against the sun's corona  \u2013 a view obscured by clouds at the moment of first contact. They also had a twenty-second view of Venus at the end of the transit between third and fourth contacts as it was half off the sun's disc. No useful measurements were able to be made.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 68], "content_span": [69, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025692-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island, Campbell Island\nIt took three weeks for the expedition to dismantle their camp and load the ship. They departed on 28 December. Although observations and measurements of the transit had been unsuccessful, Filhol published a comprehensive account of his examination of the natural history of the island, while the chart produced by the naval officers subsequently formed the basis of maps of the island and British Admiralty charts for several decades. Many geographic features were named by the expedition after its own personnel and members of the transit committee in Paris, as well as for other expedition-related objects, including:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 68], "content_span": [69, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025692-0007-0000", "contents": "1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island, Other expeditions\nThe Campbell Island expedition was one of six French expeditions sent to observe the 1874 transit. The other two sites in the southern hemisphere were Saint Paul Island in the Indian Ocean and Noum\u00e9a in New Caledonia, while in the northern hemisphere French astronomers visited Nagasaki in Japan, Peking in China, and Saigon in Vietnam. Other countries which sent similar expeditions were the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany and the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 70], "content_span": [71, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025693-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii\nThe 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii was an astronomical expedition by British scientists to observe the December 8  transit of Venus at three separate observing sites in the Hawaiian Islands, then known as the Sandwich Islands. It was one of five 1874 transit expeditions organized by George Biddell Airy, Astronomer Royal at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. The purpose of the expedition was to obtain an accurate estimate of the astronomical unit (AU), the distance from the Earth to the Sun, by measuring solar parallax. Previous efforts to obtain a precise value of an AU in 1769 had been hampered by the black drop effect. There is a collection of papers relating to this expedition at the Cambridge Digital Library.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 776]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025693-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii, Background\nGeorge Biddell Airy began preparations for the expedition in 1869 and procured funds in June of that year. Airy spent 1870\u201371 acquiring the necessary supplies and equipment. He made George Lyon Tupman, a captain in the Royal Marine Artillery, the lead astronomer of the Sandwich Islands expedition (known as Station B) in April 1872 and Tupman was also given responsibility for overseeing the organisation of all five official British expeditions and training the 22 observers. Tupman's journals recording the pre-expedition work at Greenwich have been digitised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025693-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii, Team\nThe Sandwich Islands team was composed of seven observers - Professor George Forbes, Henry Glanville Barnacle, John Walter Nichol, Lieutenant Francis Edward Ramsden, Lieutenant E. J. W. Noble, Captain George Lyon Tupman, and Richard Johnson - plus three Sappers of the Royal Engineers. In June 1874, the team left Liverpool in two groups carrying 93 tons of provisions on HMS\u00a0Scout. They stopped along the way and met up in Valpara\u00edso, Chile; they reached Honolulu Harbor on 9 September. The voyage out, and the rest of the expedition, were depicted in a series of caricature drawings by Lieutenant Noble, which have been digitised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 48], "content_span": [49, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025693-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii, Team\nThe team manned observing stations on three different islands. The primary observing station was established by George Lyon Tupman on the island of Oahu in the Apua district of Honolulu. The site was atop the bell tower of Kawaiaha`o Church. Nearby Ali`iolani Hale, at that time the Hawaiian Kingdom's capitol building, was a second Oahu location atop the building's clock tower manned by an American observer. Two auxiliary stations were established, one in Waimea, Kauai, manned by Richard Johnson with assistance from Lieutenant R.H. Wellings of HMS Scout, and another in Kailua, Hawaii, manned by George Forbes and Henry Glanville Barnacle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 48], "content_span": [49, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025693-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii, Team\nAs well as observing the transit on 8 December 1874, the observers undertook a large amount of work to establish the positions, particularly the longitudes, of the three observing sites. This information was fed into the Trigonometrical Survey of the Kingdom of Hawaii, then in progress and led by Professor William DeWitt Alexander. Tupman's journal of the Honolulu Station and Forbes's journal of the Kailua (Hawaii) Station have been digitised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 48], "content_span": [49, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025693-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii, Team\nCharles Darwin's son, Leonard Darwin, was a photographer on the 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to New Zealand, after which he traveled to Hawaii aboard the Mikado to meet the team in Honolulu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 48], "content_span": [49, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025693-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii, Publications\nGeorge Biddell Airy published an Account of Observations of the Transit of Venus in Hawaii in 1881, with more than 200 pages about the expedition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 56], "content_span": [57, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025694-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 United Kingdom general election\nThe 1874 United Kingdom general election saw the incumbent Liberals, led by William Gladstone, lose decisively, even though it won a majority of the votes cast. Benjamin Disraeli's Conservatives won the majority of seats in the House of Commons, largely because they won a number of uncontested seats. It was the first Conservative victory in a general election since 1841. Gladstone's decision to call an election surprised his colleagues, for they were aware of large sectors of discontent in their coalition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025694-0000-0001", "contents": "1874 United Kingdom general election\nFor example, the nonconformists were upset with education policies; many working-class people disliked the new trade union laws and the restrictions on drinking. The Conservatives were making gains in the middle-class, Gladstone wanted to abolish the income tax, but failed to carry his own cabinet. The result was a disaster for the Liberals, who went from 387 MPs to only 242. Conservatives jumped from 271 to 350. For the first time the Irish nationalists would be elected. Gladstone himself noted: \"We have been swept away in a torrent of gin and beer\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025694-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 United Kingdom general election\nThe election saw the Irish of the Home Rule League become the first significant third party in Parliament, with 60 of 101 of the seats for Ireland. This had been the first general election that used a secret ballot following the 1872 Secret Ballot Act. The Irish Nationalist gains could well be attributed to the effects of the Secret Ballot Act as tenants faced less of a threat of eviction if they voted against the wishes of their landlords.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025694-0001-0001", "contents": "1874 United Kingdom general election\nIn this election also, the first two working-class MPs were elected: Alexander MacDonald and Thomas Burt, both members of the Miners' Union, were elected as Liberal-Labour (Lib\u2013Lab) MPs in Stafford and Morpeth, respectively. The 1867 Reform Act eroded the legislative power of the rural gentry. The 1874 election, especially in Ireland, saw great landowners losing their county seats to tenant farmers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025694-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 United Kingdom general election\nThis is the only time since the introduction of the secret ballot that a party has been defeated despite receiving an absolute majority of the popular vote. This was primarily because over 100 Conservative candidates were elected unopposed. This meant no votes were cast in those 100 places where the Conservative candidates were anticipated to be popular; in the seats where Liberal candidates did stand, they polled a high proportion of the vote on average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025694-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 United Kingdom general election\nThe election saw 652 MPs elected, 6 fewer than at the previous election. Following allegations of corruption the Conservative-held constituencies of Beverley and Sligo Borough, and the Liberal-held constituencies of Bridgwater and Cashel, had been abolished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025695-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nThe 1874 United Kingdom general election in Ireland produced the first major electoral appearance of the Home Rule League under chairman Isaac Butt. The party's electoral success, in which it won 60 MPs, taking control of Irish electoral politics from the previously dominant Conservative and the Liberal parties was the beginning of a dominance that was to see the party as the Irish Parliamentary Party control the political landscape in Ireland until its wipeout in the 1918 general election in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025695-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nHowever its success in 1874 was marred by the lack of unity within the party in the House of Commons, where many of its members in effect sat as Liberal MPs and voted against their own Irish colleagues. It was not until then chairman Charles Stewart Parnell in the early 1880s introduced a strict whip that the party began to exercise serious influence, and act as a unit, in Westminster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025695-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 United Kingdom general election in Ireland, Results\nNot included in the results is the University of Dublin constituency, which returned two Conservatives to parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025696-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida\nElections to the United States House of Representatives in Florida were held November 3, 1874 for the 44th Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025696-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background\nFlorida gained a second seat after the 1870 census, but in 1872, both seats were elected at large. In 1874, Florida was divided, for the first time, into districts for the United States House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 76], "content_span": [77, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025696-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Contested election\nIn the 2nd district, Jesse J. Finley (D) challenged Walls' re-election. On April 19, 1876, Finley was declared the winner of the election in the 2nd district 8,147 - 7,804", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 84], "content_span": [85, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025697-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1874 South Carolina United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 3, 1874 to select five Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. Two incumbents were re-elected, two open seats were retained by the Republicans, and the open seat in the 2nd congressional district was picked up by the Independent Republicans. The composition of the state delegation after the election was four Republicans and one Independent Republican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025697-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Joseph Rainey of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1870, defeated Independent Republican Samuel Lee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025697-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Alonzo J. Ransier of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1873, declined to run for re-election. Independent Republican Edmund William McGregor Mackey defeated Republican Charles W. Buttz in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025697-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district Special Election\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Robert B. Elliott of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1871, resigned in 1874 so that he could return to South Carolina and stem the massive corruption on the part of the state Republican Party. A special election was called to be held simultaneously with the regular election. Lewis C. Carpenter was nominated by the Republicans and was unopposed in the special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 116], "content_span": [117, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025697-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nSolomon L. Hoge was nominated by the Republicans for the regular election of the 3rd congressional district and he defeated Conservative challenger Samuel McGowan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025697-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Alexander S. Wallace of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1870, defeated Conservative challenger Joseph B. Kershaw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025697-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nRobert Smalls was nominated by the Republicans for the newly created 5th congressional district and he defeated Independent Republican J.P.M. Epping.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025698-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 United States elections\nThe 1874 United States elections occurred in the middle of Republican President Ulysses S. Grant's second term, during the Third Party System. Members of the 44th United States Congress were chosen in this election. The election took place during the Reconstruction Era, and many Southerners were barred from voting. Colorado joined the union during the 44th Congress. Democrats took control of a chamber of Congress for the first time since the start of the Civil War, winning a huge number of seats from House Republicans. However, the Republicans retained a majority in the Senate. The election marked the first occurrence of the six-year itch phenomenon, in which a president's party lost many Congressional seats during the president's second mid-term election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025698-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 United States elections\nThe Panic of 1873, a series of scandals, and an unpopular Congressional pay raise all damaged the Republican Party's brand. With the passage of the Reconstruction amendments, the importance of the parties' roles in the Civil War also receded in the minds of many. Though Republicans won governorships in Northern states such as Pennsylvania, the election increased Democratic power in the South, which it later dominated after the end of Reconstruction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025698-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 United States elections\nIn the House, Democrats won massive gains when the Republicans lost a total of 93 seats (the second-largest swing in the history of the House, and the largest House loss by the Republican Party), turning a dominant Republican majority into a similarly-dominant Democratic majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025698-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 United States elections\nIn the Senate, Democrats picked up several seats, but Republicans retained a commanding majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025699-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1874 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 1, 1874. Incumbent Republican Julius Converse, per the \"Mountain Rule\", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Asahel Peck defeated Democratic candidate W.H.H. Bingham to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025700-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Victorian football season\nThe 1874 Victorian football season was an Australian rules football competition played during the winter of 1874. The season consisted of matches between metropolitan and provincial football clubs in the colony of Victoria. The premier was Carlton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025700-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Victorian football season, 1874 premiership\nFive metropolitan clubs participated in senior football during the 1874 season: Albert-park, Carlton, Melbourne, North Melbourne and St Kilda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025700-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Victorian football season, 1874 premiership\nNorth Melbourne and St Kilda were newly elevated from junior ranks to senior ranks for this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025700-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Victorian football season, 1874 premiership\nCarlton, who were undefeated during the season, was considered the premier club, with Melbourne placed second, mostly by virtue of Carlton winning all four matches it played against Melbourne during the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025700-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 Victorian football season, 1874 premiership\nMelbourne was considered to have had the better record against the remaining clubs, because Carlton had recorded four draws against those other clubs, but such was Carlton and Melbourne's dominance at the time that the matches against the other clubs had little influence on the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025700-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 Victorian football season, 1874 premiership\nCarlton's record across all matches in 1874 was twelve wins and five draws from seventeen games; Melbourne's record was twelve wins, five losses and one draw from eighteen games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025700-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 Victorian football season, 1874 premiership, Club senior records\nThe below table is set of results for senior clubs during the 1874 season. The list shows the record across all matches, including those against senior, junior and intercolonial clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 69], "content_span": [70, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025700-0007-0000", "contents": "1874 Victorian football season, 1874 premiership, Club senior records\nThe Australasian and The Leader newspapers indicated Albert-park was the third best club, with North Melbourne fourth best, and St Kilda fifth: although North Melbourne's win-loss record appears superior to Albert-park's, its easier fixture (four of its 11 matches were against junior teams) was taken into account. Lists published in The Argus from 1889  and in the Football Record in 1912-1923 recorded St Kilda as the third-placed club in 1874, but the contemporary sources dispute this.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 69], "content_span": [70, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025701-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Waitemata by-elections\nThe 1874 Waitemata by-elections were two by-elections held on 28 July and 8 September 1874 in the Waitemata electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025701-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Waitemata by-elections\nThe first (28 July) by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Thomas Henderson on 24 April 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025701-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 Waitemata by-elections\nThe first by-election was won by Gustav von der Heyde. William Lee Rees had been nominated but subsequently decided not to stand. This by-election was challenged by petition, as von der Heyde had not yet been naturalised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025701-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 Waitemata by-elections\nHowever the second (8 September) by-election confirmed von der Heyde as the MP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025701-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 Waitemata by-elections\nIn both by-elections he was challenged by John Sangster Macfarlane, who subsequently won the seat in the 1876 general election. Macfarlane favoured abolition of the provinces, and said that the Provincial government was against him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025701-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 Waitemata by-elections, Results\nThe poll totals for 8 September exclude 18 double votes for von der Heyde, 20 double votes for Macfarlane and 6 informal votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025702-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Wakefield by-election\nThe Wakefield by-election of 1874 was fought on 4 May 1874. The byelection was fought due to the void Election of the incumbent Conservative MP, Edward Green. It was won by the Conservative candidate Thomas Kemp Sanderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025703-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Wellington City mayoral election\nThe 1874 Wellington City mayoral election was the first election for the Mayor of Wellington to be conducted by public vote. The election was won by William Sefton Moorhouse, who defeated former mayor Joseph Dransfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025703-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 Wellington City mayoral election, Background\nPrior conventions dictated that Wellington's mayors were chosen by the city councillors from amongst one of themselves. In December 1874 an election open to the voting public was held with the intention of ratepayers selecting who would occupy the office of mayor for the 1875 term. The election was held on 17 December and saw William Sefton Moorhouse defeat Joseph Dransfield by a 2 to 1 vote margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025704-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Wenlock by-election\nThe Wenlock by-election of 1874 was fought on 12 November 1874. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, George Weld-Forester. It was won by the Conservative candidate Cecil Weld-Forester.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025705-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 West Maitland colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of West Maitland on 4 August 1874 because Benjamin Lee resigned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025706-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 West Somerset by-election\nThe West Somerset by-election of 1874 was held on 12 January 1874. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, William Gore-Langton. It was won by the Conservative candidate Vaughan Lee, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025707-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Wigtown Burghs by-election\nThe Wigtown Burghs by-election of 1874 was fought on 12 June 1874. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, George Young, to become a Judge of the Court of Session. It was won by the Conservative candidate Mark John Stewart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025708-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1874 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1874 college football season. The team finished with a 3\u20130 record and was retroactively named national champion by the National Championship Foundation and as co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. The team captain was Hugh J. McBirney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025709-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections\nElections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1874 and 1875 for Representatives to the 44th Congress, occurring in the middle of President Ulysses S. Grant's second term with a deep economic depression underway. It was an important turning point, as the Republicans lost heavily and the Democrats gained control of the House. It signaled the imminent end of Reconstruction, which Democrats opposed. Historians emphasize the factors of economic depression and attacks on the Grant administration for corruption as key factors in the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025709-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections\nWith the election following the Panic of 1873, Grant's Republican Party was crushed in the elections, losing their majority and almost half their seats to the Democratic Party. This was the first period of Democratic control since the pre-war era. The economic crisis and the inability of Grant to find a solution led to his party's defeat. This was the second-largest swing in the history of the House (only behind the 1894 elections), and is the largest House loss in the history of the Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025709-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections\nIn the south, the Democrats and Conservatives continued their systematic destruction of the Republican coalition. In the South, Scalawags moved into the Democratic Party. The Democratic landslide signaled the imminent end of Reconstruction, which Democrats opposed and a realignment of the Republican coalition that had dominated American politics since the late 1850s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025709-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections\nWhile the ongoing end of Reconstruction in the South was one of the main reasons for the shift, turn-of-the-century historian James Ford Rhodes explored the multiple causes of the results in the North:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025709-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections\nIn the fall elections of 1874 the issue was clearly defined: Did the Republican President Ulysses S. Grant and Congress deserve the confidence of the country? and the answer was unmistakably No ... The Democrats had won a signal victory, obtaining control of the next House of Representatives which would stand Democrats 168, Liberals and Independents 14, Republicans 108 as against the two-thirds Republican majority secured by the election of 1872. Since 1861 the Republicans had controlled the House and now with its loss came a decrease in their majority in the Senate ...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025709-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe political revolution from 1872 to 1874 was due to the failure of the Southern policy of the Republican party, to the Credit Mobilier and Sanborn contract scandals, to corrupt and inefficient administration in many departments and to the persistent advocacy of Grant by some close friends and hangers-on for a third presidential term. Some among the opposition were influenced by the President's backsliding in the cause of civil service reform, and others by the failure of the Republican party to grapple successfully with the financial question.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025709-0005-0001", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe depression, following the financial Panic of 1873, and the number of men consequently out of employment weighed in the scale against the party in power. In Ohio, the result was affected by the temperance crusade in the early part of the year. Bands of women of good social standing marched to saloons before which or in which they sang hymns and, kneeling down, prayed that the great evil of drink might be removed. Sympathizing men wrought with them in causing the strict law of the State against the sale of strong liquor to be rigidly enforced. Since Republicans were in the main the instigators of the movement, it alienated from their party a large portion of the German American vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025709-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections, Election dates\nIn 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors. This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the states moved their congressional elections to this date as well. In 1874\u201375, there were still 10 states with earlier election dates, and 3 states with later election dates:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 78], "content_span": [79, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025710-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections\nThe United States Senate elections of 1874 and 1875 had the Democratic Party gain nine seats in the United States Senate from the Republican Party (the party of incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant). Republicans remained in the majority, however.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025710-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections\nAs these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025710-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, Results summary\nColored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025710-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 43rd Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were seated during 1874 or in 1875 before March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025710-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 44th Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1875; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025710-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 44th Congress\nThere were no special elections in 1875 to the 44th Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025710-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe New York election was held on January 19 and 20, 1875, by the New York State Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025710-0007-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York\nRepublican Reuben E. Fenton had been elected in January 1869 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025710-0008-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York\nAt the state election in November 1873, a Republican majority was elected for a two-year term (1874-1875) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1874, Democrat Samuel J. Tilden was elected Governor, 75 Democrats and 53 Republicans were elected for the session of 1875 to the Assembly, and Democrat Albert P. Laning was elected in the 31st District to fill a vacancy in the State Senate. The 98th New York State Legislature met from January 5 to May 19, 1875, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025710-0009-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe caucus of Democratic State legislators met on January 15, State Senator Albert P. Laning, of Buffalo, presided. All but one of the legislators were present, only Assemblyman John M. Roscoe, of Schoharie County, was sick. The caucus nominated Francis Kernan for the U.S. Senate. Kernan had been the Democratic/Liberal Republican candidate for Governor in November 1872 but had been defeated by John Adams Dix. Now Kernan was the choice of Tammany boss John Kelly who had succeeded the corrupt William M. Tweed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025710-0009-0001", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York\nKelly was opposed by John C. Jacobs, who proposed Ex-State Senator Henry C. Murphy, Jacobs's predecessor from the 3rd District, and the Democratic candidate who had lost the U.S. Senate elections in 1867 and 1869 when the Democrats were the minority. Kelly stood firm in his intention to dominate the Democratic Party, and had the caucus nomination made by viva voce vote instead of the more traditional secret ballot. Jacobs and Murphy had expected to get votes from many legislators who would not dare to cross Kelly openly, but had to abandon their hopes when the secret ballot was voted down 74 to 13.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025710-0010-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe caucus of the Republican State legislators nominated Ex-U.S. Senator from New York Edwin D. Morgan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025710-0011-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York\nOn January 19, the Democratic majority of the Assembly nominated Francis Kernan, and the Republican majority of the State Senate nominated Ex-U.S. Senator Edwin D. Morgan. On January 20, both Houses met in joint session to compare nominations, and finding that they disagreed, proceeded to a joint ballot. Francis Kernan was elected, the first Democratic U.S. Senator from New York since 1851 when Daniel S. Dickinson left office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025710-0012-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York\nNote: The vote for Ex-Governor of New York Hoffman was cast by Reuben E. Fenton's brother-in-law Samuel Scudder, a Democratic Assemblyman from Cattaraugus County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025710-0013-0000", "contents": "1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania\nThe Pennsylvania election was held on January 19, 1875. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, elected William A. Wallace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025711-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 college football season\nThe 1874 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Princeton, Harvard, and Yale as having been selected national champions. Only Princeton and Yale officially claim championships for this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025712-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1874 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025713-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025713-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1874 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025713-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1874 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025716-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in Canada, Historical documents\nWith imperial troops withdrawn from most of Canada, major general has recommendations for instruction of militia (Note: racial stereotypes)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025716-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 in Canada, Historical documents\nSam Steele describes North-West Mounted Police horses stampeding at the start of the March West", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025717-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1874 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025725-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1874 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025730-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1874 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025732-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1874 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025734-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in architecture\nThe year 1874 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025736-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in association football\nThe following are events in 1874 which are relevant to the development of association football. Included are events in closely related codes, such as the Sheffield Rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025737-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1874  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025738-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of  1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025740-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025740-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 in paleontology, Plesiosaurs, New taxa\nA member of Microcleididae; new genus for \"Plesiosaurus\" rugosus Owen, 1840.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025740-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 in paleontology, Plesiosaurs, New taxa\nA rhomaleosaurid; new genus for \"Plesiosaurus\" cramptoni Carte and Bailey, 1863", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025741-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in poetry\nGod grant that the reader, emboldened and having become at present as fierce as what he is reading, find, without loss of bearings, his way, his wild and treacherous passage through the desolate swamps of these sombre, poison-soaked pages; for, unless he should bring to his reading a rigorous logic and a sustained mental effort at least as strong as his distrust, the lethal fumes of this book shall dissolve his soul as water does sugar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025741-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025741-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025741-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025742-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025743-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in science\nThe year 1874 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025744-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 in sports\n1874 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025747-0000-0000", "contents": "1874 transit of Venus\nThe 1874 transit of Venus, which took place on 9 December 1874 (01:49 to 06:26 UTC), was the first of the pair of transits of Venus that took place in the 19th century, with the second transit occurring eight years later in 1882. The previous pair of transits had taken place in 1761 and 1769, and the next pair would not take place until 2004 and 2012. As with previous transits, the 1874 transit would provide an opportunity for improved measurements and observations. Numerous expeditions were planned and sent out to observe the transit from locations around the globe, with several countries setting up official committees to organise the planning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025747-0001-0000", "contents": "1874 transit of Venus\nThere were six official French expeditions. One expedition went to New Zealand's Campbell Island, the other five travelling to \u00cele Saint-Paul in the Indian Ocean, Noum\u00e9a in New Caledonia in the Pacific, Nagasaki in Japan (with an auxiliary station in Kobe), Peking in China, and Saigon in Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025747-0002-0000", "contents": "1874 transit of Venus\nThere were five official British expeditions or observation sites. One expedition travelled to Hawaii, with two others sent to the Kerguelen Archipelago in the far southern reaches of the Indian Ocean, and Rodrigues, an island further north in the Indian Ocean, near Mauritius. A fourth expedition went to a site near Cairo in Egypt, and the fifth travelled to a site near Christchurch in New Zealand. Several of the expeditions included auxiliary observation stations that were constructed in addition to the main observation sites.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025747-0003-0000", "contents": "1874 transit of Venus\nIn the United States, the Transit of Venus Commission sent out eight expeditions funded by Congress, one to Kerguelen, one to Hobart, Tasmania, one to Queenstown, New Zealand, one to Chatham Island in the southern Pacific, one led by James Craig Watson in Peking, one to Nagasaki in Japan, and one to Vladivostok in Russia. The eighth expedition had been intended for Crozet Island, but was unable to land there and instead made observations from Tasmania. These expeditions obtained 350 photographic plates for the 1874 transit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025747-0004-0000", "contents": "1874 transit of Venus\nThe transit was observed from many observatories, including the Melbourne Observatory, Adelaide Observatory and Sydney Observatory in Australia, the Royal Observatory at Cape Town in what is now South Africa, the Royal Alfred Observatory on Mauritius, the Madras Observatory in Madras, India, the Colonial Time Service Observatory in Wellington, New Zealand, and the Khedivial Observatory in Egypt. The Sydney Observatory sent an observing party to Goulburn in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025747-0005-0000", "contents": "1874 transit of Venus\nItalian astronomer Pietro Tacchini led an expedition to Muddapur, India. Other locations in India from where the transit was observed included Roorkee, and Visakhapatnam. The German astronomer Hugo von Seeliger directed an expedition that travelled to the Auckland Islands (subantarctic New Zealand islands). German astronomers also travelled to Isfahan in Persia, and to Kerguelen. The Dutch astronomer Jean Abraham Chr\u00e9tien Oudemans made observations from R\u00e9union, and observations were also made from various points in the Dutch East Indies. Austrian astronomers made observations from Jassy, in what is now Romania. The Russian astronomer Otto Wilhelm von Struve organised expeditions to make observations in eastern Asia, the Caucasus, Persia and Egypt. Two Mexican expeditions travelled to Yokohama in Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025747-0006-0000", "contents": "1874 transit of Venus\nThere were also several individuals that journeyed to various locations to observe the transit, or funded private expeditions. Archibald Campbell made observations from Thebes in Egypt. James Ludovic Lindsay funded a private expedition to Mauritius. Several private or amateur observations were known to have been made from New South Wales, including from Eden, Windsor, and Sydney. A privately funded expedition from the USA also travelled to Beechworth, Victoria, in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025747-0007-0000", "contents": "1874 transit of Venus\nNot all the observers were able to make measurements, either due to adverse weather conditions, or problems with the equipment used. Many observers, particularly those on the official expeditions, used the new technique of photoheliography, intending to use the photographic plates to make precise measurements. However, the results of using this new technique were poor, and several expeditions were unable to produce publishable results or improve on existing values for the astronomical unit (AU). In addition to this, observations made of Mars were producing more accurate results for calculating the value of the AU than could be obtained during a transit of Venus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025748-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 3rd Lanark RV season\nThe 1874\u201375 season was the second season of competitive football by 3rd Lanark RV.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025748-0001-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 3rd Lanark RV season\nDuring the club's early years, the team would play in red shirts and blue shorts. Their traditional white shorts weren't introduced until 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025748-0002-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 3rd Lanark RV season, Scottish Cup\n3rd Lanark RV entered the Scottish Cup for the second time but were eliminated in the quarter-finals by Dumbarton", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025749-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1874\u201375 season was the second season of competitive football by Dumbarton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025749-0001-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nDumbarton reached the semi final of the Scottish Cup before losing to local rivals Renton, after a protested match and a 1-1 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025749-0002-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nThe second round of the Scottish Cup pitted Dumbarton against Rangers for their first ever meeting, and this remains the oldest competitive tie between Dumbarton and any of the current Scottish league clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025749-0003-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDuring the season, 6 'friendlies' matches were reported to have been played, including home and away fixtures against neighbours Vale of Leven. In addition, a match was played against Dumbarton Cricket and Football Club - who would later change their name to Lennox F.C.. Of these matches, five were drawn and one lost, scoring two goals and conceding five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025749-0004-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nAmongst those making their first appearances for the club this season was Archie Lang. Of those playing their final game in Dumbarton 'colours', Robert Ball was of note being the player who scored Dumbarton's first ever goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025749-0005-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025750-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 FA Cup\nThe 1874\u201375 FA Cup was the fourth season of England's oldest football tournament, the Football Association Challenge Cup or \"FA Cup\". 29 teams entered, one more than the previous season, although four of the 29 never played a match. The final was contested by Royal Engineers \u2013 playing in their third final in the four seasons of the FA Cup \u2013 and Old Etonians \u2013 playing in their first final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025750-0000-0001", "contents": "1874\u201375 FA Cup\nOn their way to the final, Royal Engineers knocked out Cambridge University in the Second Round and holders Oxford University in the Semi-finals, while Old Etonians only managed to score more than one goal in one match: their second replay against Swifts, which they won 3\u20130. The biggest win of the competition was recorded by two-time FA Cup winners Wanderers, who beat Farningham 16\u20130 in the First Round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025750-0001-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 FA Cup\nIn the final, played on 13 March 1875, Old Etonians forced a replay against Royal Engineers, with the two sides playing out a 1\u20131 draw. The replay was played three days later, when two goals from Henry Renny-Tailyour secured a 2\u20130 win for Royal Engineers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025750-0002-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 FA Cup, Format\nFirst Round: 28 teams (with Reigate Priory getting a bye) would face another team, eliminating the losers", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025750-0003-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 FA Cup, Format\nSecond Round: The 14 First Round teams and Reigate Priory would play against an opponent, with Old Etonians getting a bye", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025750-0004-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 FA Cup, Format\nThird Round - Finals: The remaining teams would play in a knockout-round style, due to the teams being a power of two. In the finals, Old Etonians lost in a replay to Royal Engineers", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025750-0005-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 FA Cup, First round\nAll 29 teams entered the competition at the First Round stage. However, due to the odd number of entrants, Reigate Priory were given a bye to the Second Round. Three teams \u2013 Civil Service, Windsor Home Park and Shropshire Wanderers \u2013 were also awarded walkovers. Three of the ties finished as draws and went to replays; of these, one had to be decided by a second replay. The biggest win in the competition came at this stage with Wanderers' 16\u20130 win over Farningham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025750-0006-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 FA Cup, Second round\nThe 15 teams that progressed from the First Round took part in the Second Round. Due to the odd number of teams, Old Etonians were given a bye to the Third Round. Oxford University were awarded a walkover in their tie against Windsor Home Park. In all but one of the fixtures, the losing teams failed to score. Two matches saw the biggest win of the round: both Royal Engineers and Wanderers beat their respective opponents 5\u20130. None of the ties required replays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025750-0007-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 FA Cup, Third round\nThe eight teams that progressed from the Second Round took part in the Third Round. There was no need for any team to be given a bye to the next round, and there were no walkovers. Only one tie required a replay, in which Shropshire Wanderers recorded the biggest win of the round: a 2\u20130 win over Woodford Wells.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025750-0008-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 FA Cup, Semi-finals\nThe four winning teams from the Third Round took part in the Semi-finals. Old Etonians beat Shropshire Wanderers at the first attempt, but Royal Engineers required a replay to beat Oxford University after a 1\u20131 draw; they won the replay 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025750-0009-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 FA Cup, Final\nThe 1875 FA Cup Final was played on 13 March 1875 between Royal Engineers and Old Etonians at Kennington Oval in London. The match was refereed by cup founder C. W. Alcock of Wanderers F.C. It finished as a 1\u20131 draw, with goals from Henry Renny-Tailyour for Royal Engineers and Alexander Bonsor for Old Etonians, which meant that there would have to be a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025750-0010-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 FA Cup, Final, Replay\nThe replay was played three days later, also at Kennington Oval and refereed by C. W. Alcock. Two goals from Henry Renny-Tailyour  gave Royal Engineers a 2\u20130 win and their first FA Cup title in three attempts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 29], "content_span": [30, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025751-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1874\u201375 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1874 college football season. The team finished with a 1\u20131 record and was retroactively named co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. The team captain was Arthur B. Ellis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025751-0001-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Harvard Crimson football team\nAfter the first rugby football game in the United States was played by McGill University visiting Harvard in May 1874, Harvard traveled to Montreal for another rugby style game in October. No goals were scored, the game ended in a 0\u20130 tie, but Harvard had scored three tries to win the game in front of 2,000 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025752-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Home Nations rugby union matches\nThe 1874-75 Home Nations rugby union matches are a series of international friendlies held between the England, Ireland and Scotland national rugby union teams. This season of games was notable as it saw the first international appearance of the Ireland team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025752-0001-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Home Nations rugby union matches, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025752-0002-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nEngland: AW Pearson (Guy's Hospital), L Stokes (Blackheath), William Henry Milton (Marlborough Nomads), AT Michell (Oxford University), EH Nash (Oxford University), WE Collins (St George's Hospital), FR Adams (Richmond), Thomas Batson (Blackheath), EC Cheston (Richmond), Charles Crosse (Oxford University), EC Fraser (Oxford University), HJ Graham (Wimbledon Hornets), JDG Graham (Wimbledon Hornets), WHH Hutchinson (Hull), Henry Arnold Lawrence (Richmond) capt., Francis Luscombe (Gipsies), JEH Mackinlay (St George's Hospital), Murray Marshall (Blackheath), ES Perrott (Old Chestonians), Dawson Turner (Richmond), Roger Walker (Manchester)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 74], "content_span": [75, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025752-0003-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nIreland: RB Walkington (NIFC), HL Cox (Dublin University), RJ Bell (NIFC), AP Cronyn (Dublin University), R Galbraith (Dublin University), J Myles (Dublin University), EN McIlwaine (NIFC), WS Allen (Wanderers), G Andrews (NIFC), WH Ash (NIFC), M Barlow (Wanderers), BN Casement (Dublin University), A Combe (NIFC), W Gaffikin (Windsor), E Galbraith (Dublin University), FT Hewson (Wanderers), JA McDonald (Methodist College), RM Maginess (Dublin University), G Stack (Dublin University) capt., HD Walsh (Dublin University)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 74], "content_span": [75, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025752-0004-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nScotland: WD Brown (Glasgow Academicals) capt., T Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), Malcolm Cross(Glasgow Academicals), Ninian Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), HM Hamilton (West of Scotland), John Kennedy Todd (Glasgow Academicals), JR Hay-Gordon (Edinburgh Academicals), Allan Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), JW Dunlop (West of Scotland), AP Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), George Raphael Fleming (Glasgow Academicals), Gilbert Heron (Glasgow Academicals), RW Irvine  (Edinburgh Academicals), A Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), JAW Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), AG Petrie (Royal HSFP), J Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), D Robertson (Edinburgh Academicals), A Wood (Royal HSFP)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025752-0005-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nEngland: AW Pearson (Blackheath), Reg Birkett (Clapham Rovers), S Morse (Marlborough Nomads), AT Michell (Oxford University), WAD Evanson (Civil Service), WE Collins (St George's Hospital), FR Adams (Richmond), James Bush (Clifton), EC Cheston (Richmond), WRB Fletcher (Marlborough Nomads), JSM Genth (Manchester), HJ Graham (Wimbledon Hornets), Edward Kewley (Liverpool), Henry Arnold Lawrence (Richmond) capt., Francis Luscombe (Gipsies), Murray Marshall (Blackheath), S Parker (Liverpool), JE Paul (RIE College), Dawson Turner (Richmond)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025753-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 New South Wales colonial election\nThe 1874\u201375 New South Wales colonial election was held between 8 December 1874 and 12 January 1875. This election was for all of the 72 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 52 single-member constituencies, six 2-member constituencies and two 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult white males. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 28 November 1874 by the Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson, on the advice of the Premier, Henry Parkes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025753-0001-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 New South Wales colonial election\nThere was no recognisable party structure at this election; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025753-0002-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 New South Wales colonial election, Results\nNew South Wales colonial election, 8 December 1874 \u2013 12 January 1875\u200aLegislative Assembly << 1872\u20131877 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025754-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Northwich Victoria F.C. season\nThe 1874\u201375 season was Northwich Victoria's 1st season playing solely Association Football. Before this year, club played both Rugby and Association Football as well as hare and hounds. The club's first game was against Stedman College on a field in the nearby village of Comberbach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025754-0001-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Northwich Victoria F.C. season, First-team squad\nThis is the squad who played for Northwich Victoria in their first ever game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025754-0002-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Northwich Victoria F.C. season, First-team squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025755-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Queen's Park F.C. season\nThe 1874\u201375 season was the fourth season of competitive football by Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025755-0001-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Queen's Park F.C. season\nThis was the second season in which Queen's Park played in their now traditional black and white hoops. Between 1874 and 1876, each player wore distinctive socks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025755-0002-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Queen's Park F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nQueen's Park retained the Scottish Cup, winning the competition for the second time after they defeated Renton in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025756-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Cup\nThe 1874\u201375 Scottish Cup \u2013 officially the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup \u2013 was the second season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Teams from Edinburgh, Renfrewshire and Lanarkshire entered the competition for the first time and with 12 new teams entering the competition, a total of 25 were included in the first round draw. The competition began on 10 October 1874 and concluded with the final on 10 April 1875. The cup was won for the second time by Queen's Park who defeated Dunbartonshire club Renton 3\u20130 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025756-0001-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Cup, Format\nAs with the inaugural competition, the second edition of the Scottish Cup took on the format of a traditional knockout tournament, however, an odd number of teams entering the competition necessitated the introduction of byes for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025756-0002-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Cup, Format\nFor the earlier rounds, the names of competing teams were placed into lots according to their districts and drawn into pairs. The home team for each tie was determined by the toss of a coin unless it was mutually agreed or only one of the two clubs drawn against one another had a private ground. In the event of a draw, the team who lost the toss would have the choice of ground for the replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025756-0002-0001", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Cup, Format\nA similar procedure was used for subsequent rounds however, any club which had received a bye in the previous round would first be drawn against one of the winners of the previous round. The names of winning teams were placed into one lot for later rounds. The choice of venue for the final matches was reserved to the Scottish Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025756-0003-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Cup, Format, Calendar\nThe exact dates of some matches are unknown as newspaper coverage of football in the late 19th century was not as comprehensive as it would become.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025756-0004-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 25 teams entered the competition in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025756-0005-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Cup, First round\nGlasgow team Standard were the first team in the competition's history to receive a bye and advanced straight to the second round. The first round got underway on 10 October 1874 when Rangers and Oxford made their Scottish Cup debuts. Goals from McNeil and Gibb gave Rangers a 2\u20130 home win at Flesher's Haugh to see them through. Dumbarton, Kilmarnock and Helensburgh - who were also making their debut in the competition - all recorded their first wins in the competition a week later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025756-0005-0001", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Cup, First round\nOn the same day, Eastern secured their passage to the second with a 3\u20130 win over 23rd Renfrew RV and 3rd Lanark RV's tie with Barrhead went to a replay following a goalless draw at Cathkin Park. The remaining matches were played on 24 October 1874, however the exact date of West End's 3\u20130 win over Star of Leven is unknown. Holders Queen's Park defeated Western, Dumbreck won 5\u20131 against Alexandra Athletic, Clydesdale drew with Vale of Leven and 3rd Lanark RV defeated Barrhead in a replay. Blythswood and Hamilton scratched their ties with Renton and Rovers respectively and Vale of Leven resigned before their replay with Clydesdale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025756-0006-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Cup, Second round\nWith 13 teams remaining in the competition, Rovers received a bye to the quarter-finals. Queen's Park's 7\u20130 win over West End was the highest-scoring game in the 1874\u201375 competition and equalled the record for the biggest win they themselves had set in the previous season. Renton and Clydesdale overcame Helensburgh and Dumbreck respectively while Kilmarnock lost 3\u20130 at home to Eastern. Dumbarton and 3rd Lanark RV also advanced to the quarter-finals after overcoming Rangers and Standard in a replay following goalless draws in their original matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025756-0007-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Cup, Quarter-finals\nOnly two matches were played in the quarter-finals after Rovers scratched their tie with Queen's Park and Clydesdale received a bye to the semi-finals. Both matches finished 1\u20130 to the home teams as Dumbarton defeated 3rd Lanark RV on 19 December 1874 and Renton saw off Eastern one week later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 36], "content_span": [37, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025756-0008-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Cup, Semi-finals\nThe two semi-finals produced a total of three replays between them. Renton managed to see off Dumbarton away from home a week after a 1\u20131 draw in the original fixture on 27 March 1875. The other semi-final saw old rivals Queen's Park and Clydesdale face off in a replay of the previous season's final. A goalless draw at Kinning Park was followed by a 2\u20132 draw at Hampden Park before Queen's edged the second replay 1\u20130 away from home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025756-0009-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Cup, Final\nAfter 26 matches played and 53 goals scored, the tournament culminated in the 1875 Scottish Cup Final on 10 April 1875. The match, played at the original Hampden Park in Crosshill, was watched by 7,000 spectators and refereed by A. Campbell of Clydesdale. As Hampden Park was the home of finalists Queen's Park, the match was one of a select few cup finals in Scotland that were not played on neutral territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025756-0010-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Cup, Final\nAll three goals came in the final 15 minutes of the match courtesy of Scotland internationals Angus MacKinnon, Thomas Highet and Billy MacKinnon. Queen's Park won 3\u20130 to claim the trophy for the second consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025757-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1874-75 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025757-0001-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the Inter-City fixtures between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025757-0002-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe matches here remain 20 - a - side. These matches, with more players on the park, made it harder to score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025757-0003-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Districts season, History\nIn addition, scoring a try did not count for points. The try gave you an attempt to get a score by means of the conversion; if the conversion was missed then it did not benefit the try scoring team. It was only goals that mattered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025757-0004-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Districts season, History\nBoth inter-city matches this season show just how difficult it was to score when the teams were 20-a-side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025757-0005-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe February 1875 match was the fourth draw in succession, although the North British Mail noted that Glasgow District had the best of the Inter-City match. It was noted that the 1875 match was played in two halves lasting 50 minutes each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025757-0006-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nGlasgow District: William Davie Brown  [captain], James Stewart Carrick (both Glasgow Academicals)Malcolm Cross (Glasgow Academicals), William Hamilton Kidston (West of Scotland)James Howe McClure, George Buchanan McClure  (both West of Scotland), John Kennedy Todd  (Glasgow Academicals)Gilbert Heron, Charles Chalmers Bryce, Allan Arthur, Henry William Allan, George Raphael Fleming (all Glasgow Academicals),Tom Paterson Neilson, John Alexander Neilson, J.S. Kennedy, Preston (West of Scotland)C.E. McArthur, Henry Melville Napier, W.B. Russell, J. Hutchison (Glasgow University)Edinburgh District: W. Blackwood (Edinburgh Academicals), G. F. Raynor (Royal HSFP), N. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), R. Johnston (Warriston), T. Bell (Edinburgh Academicals), George Paterson (Warriston), T. L. Knott (Royal HSFP), J. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals) [ captain], R. Duncan (Edinburgh Academicals), Arthur Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals), C. Hawkins (Edinburgh Wanderers), J. Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), N. T. Brown (Institution), A. G. Petrie (Royal HSFP), A. Wood (Royal HSFP), S. McDonald (Warriston), Connell (Edinburgh University), T. Spens (Edinburgh University), C. Villar (Warriston)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 1283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025757-0007-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nEdinburgh District: R. Johnstone (Warriston), G. F. Raynor (Royal HSFP), N. J. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Montgomery (Edinburgh Wanderers), L. Aitken (Edinburgh Academicals), W. Connell (Edinburgh Wanderers), George Paterson (Warriston), Bulldog Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025757-0007-0001", "contents": "1874\u201375 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\ncaptain], J. Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), R. Duncan (Edinburgh Academicals), Arthur Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), J. G. Petrie (Royal HSFP), A. Wood (Royal HSFP), James Robertson (Royal HSFP), J. Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), C. Hawkins (Edinburgh Wanderers), C. Villar (Warriston), Nat Brewis (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), W. Forsyth (Edinburgh University), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals)Glasgow District: J. S. Carrick (Glasgow Academicals), T. Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), M. Cross (Glasgow Academicals), D. M. Brunton (Glasgow University), J. K. Tod (Glasgow Academicals), J. H. McClure (West of Scotland), G. R. McClure [captain] (West of Scotland), G. Heron, Allan Arthur, G. Fleming, J.S. Tod, A. Arwell, S. Smith, H. Allen, J. H. Dunlop, F. McRae, W. S. Brown (all Glasgow Academicals), W. R. Russell, J. Cochrane (both West of Scotland), J. Hutchinson (Glasgow University)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 950]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025758-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Tufts Jumbos football team\nThe 1874\u201375 Tufts Jumbos football team represented Tufts University in the 1874 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025759-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Vale of Leven F.C. season\nThe 1874\u201375 season was the first season of competitive football by Vale of Leven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025759-0001-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Vale of Leven F.C. season\nVale had entered the inaugural Scottish Cup in 1873\u201374 but withdrew from the competition without playing a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025759-0002-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 Vale of Leven F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nVale of Leven entered the Scottish Cup for the second time. They played their first match against Clydesdale at home but withdrew from the competition after the match which had finished 0\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025760-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 in English football\nThe 1874\u201375 season was the fourth season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025760-0001-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 in English football, National team\nEngland and Scotland met again in a 2\u20132 draw at the Kennington Oval", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025761-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 in Scottish football\nSeason 1874\u201375 in Scottish football saw the Scottish Cup being contested for the second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025761-0001-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 in Scottish football, Overview\nAfter its successful introduction the previous season, the Scottish Cup was again competed for, with Queen's Park once again lifting the trophy. For the second season running, Queen's contented themselves with the domestic tournament, declining to enter the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025761-0002-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 in Scottish football, Overview\nInternational competition was once again restricted to the annual clash with England, while the Glasgow v Sheffield representative fixture was played in Scotland for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025761-0003-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup\nThere was a modest expansion in the competition in its second season, which attracted 25 entrants \u2013 up from 16 for the previous season. There was geographic expansion too, with the 3rd Edinburgh Rifle Volunteers team becoming the first team from the east of the country to participate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025761-0004-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup\nHolders Queen's Park once again lifted the trophy, defeating Western and West End in the early rounds, then progressing to the semi-finals when opponents Rovers withdrew. The semi-final, against the previous season's runners-up, Clydesdale, took three games to settle with Queen's finally winning 1\u20130 at Kinning Park following 0\u20130 and 2\u20132 draws. Renton, meanwhile had defeated their local rivals Dumbarton in their own replayed tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025761-0005-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup\nThe final saw Queen's Park comfortably run out 3\u20130 winners. The crowd, estimated at 7,000, reflected the growing interest in football as it was almost three times the number that had attended the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025761-0006-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 in Scottish football, Scotland national team\nThe 1875 international saw Scotland visiting London for a second time, on this occasion returning with a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025761-0007-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 in Scottish football, Representative matches\n27 February 1875:  Glasgow 2  Sheffield 0 (Hamilton Crescent, Partick)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0000-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States\nKing Kal\u0101kaua of the Hawaiian Kingdom made a state visit to the United States from November 28, 1874 to February 3, 1875, at the invitation of US President Ulysses S. Grant. The 91-day round-trip journey across the United States began in Honolulu on November 17, 1874 and returned to Hawaii on February 15, 1875. His arrival at San Francisco on November 28 made him the first reigning monarch of any nation to set foot in the United States. Upon his arrival in Washington, DC, the United States Congress held the first joint meeting in the body's history, less formal than a joint session, to receive him. President Grant hosted him as honoree of the first state dinner at the White House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0001-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States\nA career politician who rose through the ranks of chiefs, Kal\u0101kaua had previously been to California and Canada with Prince Lot in 1860 as a 23-year-old  government bureaucrat, more than a dozen years away from his accession to the throne. In 1874, the Hawaiian government sent him to Washington, DC this time to seek the elimination of tariffs on the kingdom's sugar exports, after previous attempts had failed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0001-0001", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States\nThere had been concerns about Kal\u0101kaua's willingness to make the journey; however, after putting Elisha Hunt Allen in charge of the negotiations, he sailed for San Francisco, and journeyed across the United States by rail. He was well-received by government officials on federal, state and local levels, and accorded respect as a commander-in-chief by military representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0002-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States\nAlthough ill with a viral infection throughout much of his trip, the king accommodated the relentless attention of being in the spotlight across America. He accorded journalist requests for interviews, and interacted with the general public, shaking hands and signing autographs, while crowds of curiosity seekers grew with each stop. Anticipation had grown so strong by the time he reached Washington, DC, that spectators gathered on rooftops to watch him pass by. Goodwill generated by Kal\u0101kaua is credited for doing much to help move legislation for the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 through the necessary channels. The resulting close economic ties between the Hawaiian islands and the United States became a major factor leading to the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 833]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0003-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Background\nKal\u0101kaua was a career politician who rose through the ranks of chiefs, and was named by Kamehameha III in 1844 as eligible to be king. Kamehameha V, the last of the Kamehameha dynasty, died on December 12, 1872, without naming a successor to the throne. Under the 1864 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, if the king did not appoint a successor, a new king would be elected by the legislature to start a new royal line of succession. Lunalilo became the first elected monarch of Hawaii, with Kal\u0101kaua holding the rank of Colonel on the royal military staff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0003-0001", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Background\nUpon Lunalilo's death on February 3, 1874, a legislative election was held, with Kal\u0101kaua being sworn in as monarch on February 13. Two weeks after taking office, he reorganized the Hawaiian military and restored the Household Guards recently abolished by Lunalilo. Like his predecessors, he belonged to fraternal organizations, as a member of the freemasonry Lodge Le Progres de l\u2019Oceanie, and as the founding member of the Ancient Order of Foresters in Hawaii.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0004-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Background\nWhen Kal\u0101kaua embarked on his state visit to the United States, nine months after being elected, he was the first reigning monarch to visit America, but not the first member of Hawaii's royal family to do so. He was the second reigning Hawaiian monarch to travel abroad, having been preceded in 1824 by King Kamehameha II and Queen Kam\u0101malu, who had traveled to the United Kingdom via the Strait of Magellan, both of them dying of measles while in London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0004-0001", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Background\nPrior to either of their accessions, brothers Prince Liholiho (Kamehameha IV) and Prince Lot (Kamehameha V) had accompanied Dr. Gerrit P. Judd on a year-long diplomatic mission, from September 11, 1849 to September 9, 1850. Judd's mission took them to San Francisco, Panama,  Jamaica, New York, London and Paris. Kamehameha IV's widow Queen Emma had visited New York and San Francisco in 1866 on her return from a personal visit to England and France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0005-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Background\nKal\u0101kaua had previously visited the United States in late 1860, when he was chief clerk of the kingdom's Department of the Interior. On that trip, he had accompanied Minister of the Interior Prince Lot, high chief Levi Ha\u02bbalelea, and Hawaii's Consul for Peru Josiah C. Spalding on a two-month tour of British Columbia and California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0006-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, The quest for tariff easement\nSince the days of visits by whaling ships, and the arrival of the first missionaries in 1820, Hawaii became increasingly populated by non-residents operating within the kingdom's business community. Many of them became friends and advisors to the monarchy. The Alien Land Ownership Act was written by American attorney William Little Lee who arrived in Hawaii only a year before being appointed Land Commissioner. The Act, passed by the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom on July 10, 1850, allowed non-residents to own Hawaiian land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0007-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, The quest for tariff easement\nDuring the reign of Kamehameha III, sugar production in Hawaii became a successful enterprise, with sugar refineries in Oregon and California as the primary customers, and the kingdom looking to expand its market, but being increasingly hampered by tariffs on their product. The kingdom also had strong economic ties to the United Kingdom. Queen Emma was descended from a British subject, and Queen Victoria had been the godmother of Emma's son Prince Albert Kamehameha. Anglo-American planters operated tariff-free within their own customer bases. In the latter half of the 19th century, the sugar trade had become a booming industry, but import taxes severely dampened Hawaii as a viable economic competitor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 794]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0008-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, The quest for tariff easement\nHawaii's sugar planters had worked for decades with the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom to find a viable remedy to the global market impingement on their profits caused by the tariffs. Solutions debated were tariff reciprocity treaties, annexation of Hawaii by the United States, formal alliances with other countries, and the cession of Pearl Harbor. An 1854 treaty for Hawaii's annexation to the United States was submitted to Kamehameha III, but he never signed it. In 1867, a proposed reciprocity treaty got as far as the United States Congress, but was defeated in the Senate. An aborted 1873 effort to offer Pearl Harbor in return for tariff reciprocity was heavily favored by American owners of Hawaiian plantations. Strong opposition came from Kal\u0101kaua and other leaders among the Hawaiian people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 893]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0009-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, The quest for tariff easement\nThe reciprocity treaty, giving away land, is much discussed these days . . . There is a feeling of bitterness against these rude people who dwell on our land and have high handed ideas of giving away somebody else's property as if it was theirs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0010-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, The quest for tariff easement\nOn August 1, 1874, Hawaii's legislature authorized Kal\u0101kaua to ratify a reciprocity treaty in Washington, DC There was speculation that he was lukewarm on the idea. Diplomat Henry A. Peirce, who was serving as the United States Minister to Hawaii, stated, \"I don't think the King cares much about the Treaty, but he hopes, as we Americans say, 'to have a good time' generally.\" The king actually supported the idea of a reciprocity treaty, just not one that ceded Hawaiian land, and he did not want Hawaii to appear to be favoring a single nation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0010-0001", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, The quest for tariff easement\nConcern arose that his absence might trigger a hostile takeover of the kingdom by a foreign power. After consulting with his privy council, he agreed to accompany the diplomatic team, but rather than being involved in the negotiations himself, Kal\u0101kaua appointed Hawaiian Kingdom Minister to the United States Elisha Hunt Allen to take charge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0011-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, The quest for tariff easement\nAfter exchanges between Peirce and Secretary of State Hamilton Fish, the US government extended a formal invitation to the king for a state visit and placed the man-of-war ship USS\u00a0Benicia at his disposal. The king would leave the negotiating to his appointed commission, and focused his own efforts on building goodwill between the two nations, raising the island nation's visibility with visits to government leaders across the United States. On October 18, Minister Allen and Privy Councilor Henry A. P. Carter, of C. Brewer & Co., sailed for the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0011-0001", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, The quest for tariff easement\nThe members of the reciprocity commission who traveled with the king included Peirce, Oahu Governor John Owen Dominis, husband of Kal\u0101kaua's sister Lili\u02bbuokalani, and Maui Governor John M\u0101kini Kapena, a full-blood Hawaiian who supported a reciprocity treaty but who, during the reign of Lunalilo, had spoken out against cession of Hawaiian territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0012-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Departing Hawaii (November 14\u201317, 1874)\nAt \u02bbIolani Palace on November 14, the doors were opened to native Hawaiians for a traditional \"ho\u02bbokupu\", a ceremonial giving of gifts to the king prior to his departure. Kal\u0101kaua appointed his brother Leleiohoku II to act as regent during his absence. Likewise, Dominis appointed William F. Allen as acting governor of Oahu, and Kapena appointed Luther Aholo acting governor of Maui. Minister of the Interior William Luther Moehonua closed all government offices on November 16, as a public day of thanksgiving on Kal\u0101kaua's 38th birthday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 93], "content_span": [94, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0013-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Departing Hawaii (November 14\u201317, 1874)\nCelebration of the king's birthday began with morning services by various Christian denominations, extolling the historical significance of the upcoming visit. Salutes were fired from the three foreign warships in Honolulu Harbor. At the commencement of the morning service at Kawaiaha\u02bbo, the king and members of the royal family entered the church around noon to address the assembled crowds. Rev. Moses Kuaea, of the Kaumakapili Church, offered a prayer, praised the king's efforts to save the nation's agricultural interest, and asked for the people to pray for his safety during his upcoming trip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 93], "content_span": [94, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0013-0001", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Departing Hawaii (November 14\u201317, 1874)\nThe church choir performed \"God Save the King\", \"He Mele L\u0101hui Hawai\u02bbi\", the national anthem written by Lili\u02bbuokalani, and \"Hawai\u02bbi Pono\u02bb\u012b\", composed by the king and Henri Berger. In his farewell address, Kal\u0101kaua stated: \"... I believe that if such a Treaty can be secured, the beneficial effects will be soon apparent to all classes, and our nation, under its reviving influences, will grow again.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 93], "content_span": [94, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0014-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Departing Hawaii (November 14\u201317, 1874)\nThe royal party consisting of Kal\u0101kaua, his personal secretary E. M. Mayor, diplomat Peirce, governors Dominis and Kapena, and three or four servants departed Hawaii on the morning of November 17. The king was conveyed to the wharf on the personal carriage of Captain William E. Hopkins, of the Benicia. An estimated 3000 to 4000 well-wishers lined the wharf, and the crowds chanted Hawaiian mele, cheered, and wailed at the occasion of the king's leaving. The Hawaiian royal standard was unfurled and salutes fired from the ship as the king and his party boarded and sailed east.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 93], "content_span": [94, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0015-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, San Francisco (November 28 \u2013 December 5, 1874)\nFlying the Hawaiian royal standard, the ship docked in San Francisco the evening of November 28. A formal reception by local dignitaries, along with a 21-gun salute from the Alcatraz Citadel, took place the next morning. They were joined on board by Edward C. Macfarlane, General John Schofield and his chief-of-staff William M. Wherry, and Hawaiian Consul for California Henry W. Severance. San Francisco mayor James Otis, members of the First Regiment National Guard, and the Presidio Band playing \"He Mele Lahui Hawaii\", escorted all to their suite at the Grand Hotel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 100], "content_span": [101, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0016-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, San Francisco (November 28 \u2013 December 5, 1874)\nDuring the king's week-long stay in San Francisco, the city absorbed all costs. Consul Severance acted as the royal greeter for the in-suite November 30 public reception. The following morning, Severance and the king's entourage sat for a portrait at the Bradley and Rulofson photograph gallery. Celso Caesar Moreno, who would later serve in the king's cabinet, presented himself as owner of three telegraph cable charter companies, regaling Kal\u0101kaua with his tales of global adventures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 100], "content_span": [101, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0017-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, San Francisco (November 28 \u2013 December 5, 1874)\nThe king made inspections of the military operations at Alcatraz Island and Mare Island Naval Shipyard on December 2, prior to relaxing  at a private men's club. His appearances began to draw spectators, as he accompanied Japanese Minister Yoshida Kiyonari and Japanese Consul Charles Wolcott Brooks to the San Francisco Board of Brokers (predecessor to the San Francisco Stock and Bond Exchange) on December 3, followed by an afternoon at Woodward's Gardens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 100], "content_span": [101, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0018-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, San Francisco (November 28 \u2013 December 5, 1874)\nOn December 4, the king visited the San Francisco Mint, and the Western Union Telegraph office, where he wired greetings to President Ulysses S. Grant and Chicago Mayor Harvey Doolittle Colvin, receiving an immediate reply from Grant. He sat for a portrait by photographer Thomas Houseworth, and granted a parting interview to the San Francisco Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 100], "content_span": [101, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0019-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, San Francisco (November 28 \u2013 December 5, 1874)\nSan Francisco's enthusiastic reception for the dark-skinned monarch was less than a decade after the American Civil War had divided the nation over the issue of enslavement of persons of color. Giving non-white people equal access to public accommodations would be fought through legislatures and courts for years to come. The African-American newspaper Pacific Appeal noted the irony and speculated, \"...\u00a0there has either been a sudden abandonment of colorphobia prejudice, or an extraordinary amount of toadyism to a crown head by the San Francisco American people.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 100], "content_span": [101, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0020-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, San Francisco (November 28 \u2013 December 5, 1874)\nThe royal party boarded three private cars provided by the rail company on December 5, and began their trip across the continent. In addition to Dominis, Kapena, Mayor and Peirce, the king's official party now included Schofield, Wherry, and Lieutenant Commander William H. Whiting, a junior officer of the Benicia. From that point forward, writer Joseph Irwin accompanied the royal party as an embedded journalist for The Daily Alta California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 100], "content_span": [101, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0021-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Train trip across America (December 5\u201311, 1874)\nThe train passed through Sacramento, then through Nevada, by way of Winnemucca, Battle Mountain and Elko. They continued through Ogden, Territory of Utah to Fort Bridger, Territory of Wyoming, where they were entertained by the 4th Infantry Division band. Their train stopped at the Laramie depot on December 8 for a reception at the Railroad Hotel in  Cheyenne, hosted by Governor John Allen Campbell. Among the dignitaries at the hotel were associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Wyoming Joseph M. Carey, and Colonel Thaddeus H. Stanton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 101], "content_span": [102, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0022-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Train trip across America (December 5\u201311, 1874)\nAt Aurora, Illinois a boisterous crowd cheered as the train passed through their town on its way to Grand Island, Nebraska. In Omaha, the train was met at the depot by an estimated 5,000 people, and accorded a 20-gun salute under the direction of General Edward Ord. They remained long enough for Mayor Champion S. Chase and the Omaha City Council to give them a personal tour of the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 101], "content_span": [102, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0023-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Train trip across America (December 5\u201311, 1874)\nDuring a late-night layover in Chicago on December 10, the king's cars were switched over to another line going east. On December 11, just after midnight, the train pulled through Fort Wayne, Indiana, and reporters from The Fort Wayne Sentinel boarded in hopes of being granted an audience. In spite of the king already being in bed, he tolerated being interrupted from his sleep to be interviewed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 101], "content_span": [102, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0024-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Washington, DC (December 12\u201322, 1874)\n...\u00a0men, women and children, all anxious to catch a glimpse of the first reigning King ever on our shores. Every window seemed to be filled with anxious spectators, and the house tops were covered with people. The appearance of the street could only remind one familiar with such scenes of an inauguration day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 91], "content_span": [92, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0025-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Washington, DC (December 12\u201322, 1874)\nWhen the train carrying Kal\u0101kaua arrived in Washington, DC on December 12, it was met at the station by treaty negotiator Minister Allen. The king's car was boarded by Secretary of State Hamilton Fish, Secretary of the Navy George M. Robeson, and Secretary of War William W. Belknap. Journalists on hand represented the New-York Tribune, the New York Times, the New York Telegram, the New York Star, the Baltimore Press Association, and The Republican. After a champagne reception, a United States Marines battalion and the Marine Corps Band escorted them past massive crowds lining B Street and Pennsylvania Avenue to the Arlington Hotel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 91], "content_span": [92, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0026-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Washington, DC (December 12\u201322, 1874)\nKal\u0101kaua had become ill with a head cold on the trip and was being attended by a US Navy physician, when a message arrived from President Ulysses S. Grant, inviting him to be the guest of honor at a White House state dinner. Visitors to his suite were received by the other members of his entourage, and the White House state dinner was postponed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 91], "content_span": [92, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0027-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Washington, DC (December 12\u201322, 1874), Joint meeting of Congress (December 18)\nOn December 18, Kal\u0101kaua was the first person in history received by the United States Congress in a joint meeting, in this case occurring in the President's Room of the United States Senate. This differs from a joint session of Congress, for which the United States Constitution requires a joint resolution, and is often used for formal addresses. Joint meetings of Congress are rare, and another one was not called until the 1900 Centennial of the Capital City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 132], "content_span": [133, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0028-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Washington, DC (December 12\u201322, 1874), Joint meeting of Congress (December 18)\nThe king was escorted in by Senator Simon Cameron, Chairman of the Senate  Committee on Foreign Relations, and Representative Godlove Stein Orth, Chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was formally welcomed by a short speech from Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Michael C. Kerr. Kal\u0101kaua's illness had hindered his ability to deliver an oration. Minister Allen instead read prepared remarks expressing the king's thanks for their hospitality, and hopes for continued favorable relations between their nations. He met privately with Massachusetts senator William B. Washburn, who extended an invitation from the American Board of Commission of Foreign Missionaries to visit them in Boston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 132], "content_span": [133, 859]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0029-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Washington, DC (December 12\u201322, 1874), State dinner (December 22)\nPresident Grant initiated the White House state dinner tradition when he hosted the December 22 dinner to honor Kal\u0101kaua. Written invitations were sent out on December 19, for the 7\u201311 p.m. event. Dignitaries attending were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 119], "content_span": [120, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0030-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Washington, DC (December 12\u201322, 1874), State dinner (December 22)\nUnable to attend, but also invited, was General William Tecumseh Sherman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 119], "content_span": [120, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0031-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Visit to the Northeast (December 23, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875), New Jersey and New York (December 23\u201330, 1874)\nSpectators lined the December 23 route, amassing at depots in Washington, D.C, Baltimore, Maryland,  Wilmington, Delaware, West Philadelphia and stations through New Jersey. Guards foiled an attempted security breach at Trenton, as several men caught up in the frenzy of the moment tried to gain access to Kal\u0101kaua. The New York City council held a reception at the train depot, followed by a carriage ride past throngs of curiosity seekers en route to the Windsor Hotel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 162], "content_span": [163, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0032-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Visit to the Northeast (December 23, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875), New Jersey and New York (December 23\u201330, 1874)\nDuring dinner with New York mayor Samuel B. H. Vance and city officials, they were entertained by a local musical band. On Christmas Eve, Kal\u0101kaua, Wherry and Dominis enjoyed a sleigh ride through Central Park. At an unannounced visit to the coed Normal School, they were given a tour of the facilities by its founder Thomas Hunter. The king's visit to the New York Stock Exchange created excitement among the brokers. Capping the day, they attended a performance of The Black Crook at the Grand Opera House. A Christmas Day observance at Saint Thomas Church was followed by a photo session at Jeremiah Gurney's studio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 162], "content_span": [163, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0033-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Visit to the Northeast (December 23, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875), New Jersey and New York (December 23\u201330, 1874)\nAcknowledging the king's previous service as foreman of Hawaii Engine 4 in Honolulu, the New York City Fire Department took him on an inspection tour of nearby facilities on December 26. Kal\u0101kaua and staff donned their dress uniforms for a private in-suite  presentation of Army and Navy officers, during which members of the Board of Trade were also introduced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 162], "content_span": [163, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0034-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Visit to the Northeast (December 23, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875), New Jersey and New York (December 23\u201330, 1874)\nKal\u0101kaua accepted an invitation to appear on December 29 at  P. T. Barnum's Great Traveling World's Fair, Museum, Menagerie and Hippodrome. Barnum was the founder of Barnum & Bailey Circus, and had promoted the 1850\u201352 Jenny Lind tour of America. An advertisement for Kal\u0101kaua's appearance ran in the New-York Tribune, and Barnum would later remember the event's attendance record as 20,000. Barnum provided the royal party with bannered box seats to view the performances. For the finale, Barnum and Kal\u0101kaua rode the perimeter of the arena in an open carriage, as Kal\u0101kaua waved and tipped his hat to the cheering crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 162], "content_span": [163, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0035-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Visit to the Northeast (December 23, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875), New Jersey and New York (December 23\u201330, 1874)\nThe King immediately arose, and, amid tremendous cheering, he stepped into the carriage. I took a seat by his side, andhe smilingly remarked, sotto voce: \"We are all actors.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 162], "content_span": [163, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0036-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Visit to the Northeast (December 23, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875), New Jersey and New York (December 23\u201330, 1874)\nThat evening, Kal\u0101kaua invited author Mark Twain to join the royal group in attending a stage production of Twain's 1873 novel The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today at New York's Park Theatre. The two had become acquainted in Hawaii in 1866 during the reign of Kamehameha V, when Twain was there as a reporter for the Sacramento Union. Unable to attend the play with the king, Twain invited Kal\u0101kaua to dine at his Connecticut home. The king was unable to accept the invitation, due to a prior commitment in New Haven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 162], "content_span": [163, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0037-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Visit to the Northeast (December 23, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875), New Jersey and New York (December 23\u201330, 1874)\nOn December 30, the New York masonic Lodge No. 330 held a reception at Doric Hall for their masonry brother Kal\u0101kaua.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 162], "content_span": [163, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0038-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Visit to the Northeast (December 23, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875), New England (December 31, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875)\nEn route to Boston, they made a December 31 stopover in New Haven, Connecticut, home to Yale College. During a luncheon at New Haven City Hall, Kal\u0101kaua paid tribute to Yale's role in training many of the kingdom's leaders. Speeches from Connecticut governor Charles Roberts Ingersoll and New Haven mayor Henry Gould Lewis were followed by an official review of the New Haven Fire Department, a service at Center Church, and a visit to the home of Yale professor Chester Lyman, where the king signed autograph books and photos of himself. A banquet at the home of New Haven postmaster Nehemiah D. Sperry concluded the day's events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 165], "content_span": [166, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0039-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Visit to the Northeast (December 23, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875), New England (December 31, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875)\nNew Bedford, Massachusetts had been the point of origin for many whaling ships and missionaries sent to Hawaii. The day after stopping in New Haven, they accepted an invitation from New Bedford's Mayor George B. Richmond to visit the town. Kal\u0101kaua obliged autograph seekers during his visit to the Potomaka Mills plant. A collation (religious fasting meal) for the king was hosted by Mayor George B. Richmond, and attended by nearly 100 master mariners who had visited Hawaii, the New Bedford City Guards and the Schouler Guards. At city hall, a large audience joined them for the playing of the Hawaiian national anthem. Before departure, the king shook hands with every individual. Dinner with 60 guests at the Parker House included the king's cousin Mary Pitman, and another autograph session.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 165], "content_span": [166, 963]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0040-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Visit to the Northeast (December 23, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875), New England (December 31, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875)\nOn their January 2 arrival in Boston, the king indulged in a shopping trip, escorted by Massachusetts Lieutenant  Governor Thomas Talbot and Governor-elect William Gaston. Kal\u0101kaua was a guest at the swearing-in ceremony for the second term of Mayor Samuel C. Cobb, who hosted a banquet for him at the Revere House. The royal party attended services at Park Street Church on Sunday. Kal\u0101kaua attended a legislative session of the Board of Aldermen and was the guest of honor at a joint reception by the United States Army and the United States Navy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 165], "content_span": [166, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0041-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Visit to the Northeast (December 23, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875), New England (December 31, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875)\nOver the next few days, they participated in a guided tour of select schools in Boston and visits to the Merchants Exchange and the Massachusetts General Court. He was escorted through an inspection tour of the newly completed Boston and Providence Railroad depot at Park Square. He sat for a photo session at the studio of James Wallace Black. A tour of the manufacturing district of Lowell, Massachusetts was followed by a lunch with 150 guests, where he shook hands with many spectators. Arriving at the depot for his return trip to Boston, the king once again indulged anyone who approached him for an autograph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 165], "content_span": [166, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0042-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Visit to the Northeast (December 23, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875), New England (December 31, 1874 \u2013 January 9, 1875)\nKal\u0101kaua and party arrived at Waltham by sleigh on January 8, to visit the Waltham Watch Company. Escorted through the factory by company executives, the king expressed interest in the details of how watches were manufactured. Following a visit to an art gallery in Watertown, they proceeded to Newton, boarding a Boston-bound train. Their return trip to San Francisco began on January 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 165], "content_span": [166, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0043-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Train trip homewards (January 10\u201320, 1875), Niagara Falls (January 10\u201311, 1875)\nThe train carrying the king arrived in Niagara Falls, New York, on January 10, for an overnight stay in a large suite at the Spencer House. Advance notice of his visit drew a crowd of spectators who waited for hours in the frigid temperatures at the train station. Accompanied by Kapena, Whiting, and Lieutenant G. M. Totten, and never having recovered from the illness he picked up at the start of his trip, the king confined himself to his suite. The following morning, they departed for Chicago in a private car provided by the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 133], "content_span": [134, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0044-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Train trip homewards (January 10\u201320, 1875), Chicago and Milwaukee (January 12\u201316, 1875)\nUpon arrival the morning of January 12, Kal\u0101kaua's party was met at the depot by Chicago mayor Harvey Doolittle Colvin and numerous city officials. A private reception was held at the Grand Pacific Hotel, where the king's 5-room suite accommodations were provided at no cost by hotel manager John Drake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 141], "content_span": [142, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0045-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Train trip homewards (January 10\u201320, 1875), Chicago and Milwaukee (January 12\u201316, 1875)\nThe following two days, accompanied by Mayor Colvin, Commissioner John Jones, and several members of the city council, the royal party inspected city infrastructure projects. The agenda included a tour of the city water works, grain storage elevators at Armour's Warehouse, the Union Stock Yards and a visit to the Chicago Board of Trade. Hooley's Theatre hosted the king's party for a performance of the play Lost in London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 141], "content_span": [142, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0046-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Train trip homewards (January 10\u201320, 1875), Chicago and Milwaukee (January 12\u201316, 1875)\nOn January 15, Kal\u0101kaua made a daytrip to Milwaukee as the guest of honor at the formal luncheon hosted by United States Congressman William Pitt Lynde. The congressman was a cousin to Amos Starr Cooke, who ran the Chiefs' Children's School that Kal\u0101kaua and his siblings had attended. Lynde's daughter Clara had once visited Hawaii as house guest of the Cookes, when a youthful David Kal\u0101kaua had been her unofficial guardian. Also in attendance at the luncheon was Wisconsin Governor Harrison Ludington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 141], "content_span": [142, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0047-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Train trip homewards (January 10\u201320, 1875), Chicago and Milwaukee (January 12\u201316, 1875)\nUpon his return to Chicago that same day, he attended a reception at Oriental Lodge No. 33, A.F. & A.M. On the morning of January 16, the royal party departed on the Chicago & Alton Railroad, bound for St. Louis, Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 141], "content_span": [142, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0048-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Train trip homewards (January 10\u201320, 1875), Missouri (January 18\u201320, 1875)\nGeneral William Tecumseh Sherman, unable to attend the White House state dinner, visited with the king at a stopover in St. Louis on January 18. The reception at the train station included Sherman, various city officials, newspaper reporters, and a police escort. Due to a large crowd gathered at the front entrance to the Southern Hotel, the police instead brought him through what was described as \"the ladies' entrance\". After a private reception by the gathered officials in the hotel, Kal\u0101kaua was received at the Merchants' Exchange and later given a tour of the city. In Jefferson City, Missouri, he was the guest of a joint session of the state legislature on January 20. Following the visit, the royal party boarded a Missouri Pacific Railroad train heading for California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 128], "content_span": [129, 911]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0049-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Return to Hawaii (January 27 \u2013 February 15, 1875)\nArriving in San Francisco on January 27, they quartered at the Grand Hotel. Consul H. W. Severance, who had been appointed by Kamehameha V in 1868, received the Royal Order of Kal\u0101kaua in gratitude for his service. Kal\u0101kaua made a visit to the Robin Hood Lodge of the Ancient Order of Foresters while he was in the city. On their last evening, the king received proposals from  entrepreneurs interested in expanding their operations to Hawaii. Farewell speeches were made by the king,  and by former speaker of the California State Assembly George Barstow, representing the Temperance Societies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 103], "content_span": [104, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0050-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Return to Hawaii (January 27 \u2013 February 15, 1875)\nOn February 3, a volley of artillery salutes rang out from nearby forts as the USS\u00a0Pensacola carrying the royal party was escorted out of the bay at 11 a.m. by General Schofield and crew on the USS\u00a0McPherson. US Commissioner to Samoa Albert Barnes Steinberger was a fellow passenger on the voyage home. Ninety-one days after the king had left Hawaii, the Pensacola docked in Honolulu on February 15, 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 103], "content_span": [104, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0051-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Aftermath\nThe Daily Alta California commented that the king's presence moved the process forward to where, \"It is generally conceded that the reciprocity treaty will go through but with little opposition\". Hawaiian historian Ralph S. Kuykendall believed Kal\u0101kaua's state visit not only gave the king a greater understanding of the American people and the workings of their government, but also educated Americans about the Pacific island nation. The spotlight on Hawaii, \"enormously increased the general interest in the current discussion of the proposed reciprocity treaty.\" Hawaiian legislators Joseph N\u0101wah\u012b and George Washington Pilip\u014d led the native Hawaiian opposition who saw the treaty as a step towards annexation of the kingdom and only beneficial to the elite number of Euro-American businessmen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 63], "content_span": [64, 862]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0052-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Aftermath\nA seven-year reciprocity treaty was negotiated and ratified in 1875. Going into effect September 9, 1876, it admitted Hawaii's sugar products into the United States duty-free. No Hawaiian land was ceded in the agreement. At the treaty's expiration, an extension was negotiated that  ceded exclusive use of Pearl Harbor to the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 63], "content_span": [64, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0053-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Aftermath\nThe treaty's most immediate result was an increase in new United States plantation owners. San Francisco sugar refiner Claus Spreckels became a prime investor in Hawaii's sugar industry. Over the term of Kal\u0101kaua's reign, the treaty had a major effect on the kingdom's income. In 1874, Hawaii exported $1,839,620.27 in products. In 1881, Kal\u0101kaua embarked on a world tour to negotiate with friendly nations for contract  labor for Hawaii's plantations. Exported products for 1890, the last full year of his reign, amounted to $13,282,729.48 (all figures given are Hawaiian dollars) Exportation of sugar during that time period went from 24,566,611 pounds (11,143,227\u00a0kg) to 330,822,879 pounds (150,058,734\u00a0kg).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 63], "content_span": [64, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0054-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Aftermath\nAs the kingdom's income rose, so did Kal\u0101kaua's expenditures (all figures given are Hawaiian dollars): this included $343,595 to build and furnish \u02bbIolani Palace; a delayed coronation in excess of $50,000; and a $75,000 public celebration of his 50th birthday. He made an attempt, subsequently blocked by the legislature, to allocate a $1,000,000 bonus for his San Francisco friend Celso Caesar Moreno to lay an undersea telegraph cable, and briefly appointed him Minister of Foreign Affairs. Moreno and Prime Minister Walter Murray Gibson proposed a Polynesian Confederation administered by Hawaii. The concept never came to fruition, but in an attempt to interfere in the politics of Samoa, an island group that consisted of what is now Samoa and American Samoa, Gibson persuaded the legislature to allocate $100,000 for a confederation steamboat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 63], "content_span": [64, 913]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0055-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Aftermath\nIncrease in land ownership by businessmen, either missionary descendants or more recent investors, led to a proliferation of non-Hawaiians being elected to the kingdom's legislature. In 1887, Kal\u0101kaua was forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution, codifying the legislature as the supreme authority over any actions by the monarchy. Sanford B. Dole, who helped draft it, asserted that key issues were the king's handling of finances, and the lack of a system of checks and balances over the monarchy's stewardship. The new law allowed non-residents to vote, while also placing economic and literacy restrictions on voting rights of residents. Asians, the primary work force on the plantations, had their voting rights stripped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 63], "content_span": [64, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025762-0056-0000", "contents": "1874\u201375 state visit by Kal\u0101kaua to the United States, Aftermath\nKal\u0101kaua's brother and heir apparent Leleiohoku II died April 9, 1877. The king then proclaimed his sister Lili\u02bbuokalani to be his successor. Upon his 1891 death, she ascended to the throne. On January 17, 1893, the Kingdom of Hawaii fell to a coup d'\u00e9tat, planned and executed by the Committee of Safety, mostly foreign-born residents in Honolulu, whose goal was the annexation of Hawaii by the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 63], "content_span": [64, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025763-0000-0000", "contents": "1875\n1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1875th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 875th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 75th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  6th   year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1875, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025763-0001-0000", "contents": "1875, Further reading and year books\nkidawapan city lanao sakong sanakomriytahertgsa boss 7 bkong sukarap 1875 sapinsakong salong makong ang sapoikimrsa", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [6, 36], "content_span": [37, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025764-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Armagh City by-election\nThe Armagh City by-election of 1875 was held on 18 October 1875. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Vance. It was won by the Conservative candidate George Beresford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025765-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1875 Atlantic hurricane season featured three landfalling tropical cyclones. However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 has been estimated. There were five recorded hurricanes and one major hurricane \u2013 Category\u00a03 or higher on the modern-day Saffir\u2013Simpson scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025765-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Atlantic hurricane season\nReanalysis of the season for HURDAT \u2013 the official database for Atlantic tropical cyclones \u2013 was completed by 2011. Of the known 1875 cyclones, both the first and fifth cyclones were first documented in 1995 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz. They also proposed large changes to the known track of the sixth system and to the duration of the second storm, as well as more minor changes to the track of third cyclone. The duration of the second system was further amended in 2008.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025765-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Atlantic hurricane season\nAlthough three tropical cyclones made landfall, only one caused significant damage. The season's third known and strongest system, known as the Indianola hurricane, brought devastation to portions of the Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, and Texas. It is estimated that the hurricane caused about 800\u00a0fatalities, with approximately 300\u00a0in the city of Indianola, Texas, alone. The storm left over $5\u00a0million (1875\u00a0USD) in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025765-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nThe first known storm of the season was initially observed by the schooner J. W. Coffin on August\u00a016, with the hurricane situated about 255\u00a0mi (410\u00a0km) northeast of Little Abaco Island in the Bahamas. Due to sparsity of data, HURDAT indicates that the cyclone maintained intensity as an 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h) Category\u00a01 hurricane on the modern day Saffir\u2013Simpson scale, as it tracked north-northeastward to northeastward. The hurricane was last noted offshore Nova Scotia by the bark Electra late on August\u00a019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025765-0004-0000", "contents": "1875 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nA tropical storm developed about 820\u00a0mi (1,320\u00a0km) west-southwest of the Cabo Verde Islands early on September\u00a01. On September\u00a03, the Spanish brig Engracia became the first ship to encounter the storm. That day, the cyclone intensified into a Category\u00a01 hurricane while moving northwestward. The hurricane peaked with maximum sustained winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h). Early on September\u00a06, the steamship Caribbean observed a barometric pressure of 982\u00a0mbar (29.0\u00a0inHg), the lowest in relation to the storm. On September\u00a07, the cyclone began moving northward and then northeastward later that day. The storm was last noted by the Knoch Train late on September\u00a010, about 450\u00a0mi (720\u00a0km) east of Newfoundland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025765-0005-0000", "contents": "1875 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe storm was first observed on September\u00a01 to the southwest of Cabo Verde by the ship Tautallon Castle. However, HURDAT does not indicate a tropical cyclone until the system was situated east of Barbados on September\u00a08. The hurricane moved westward and passed between Martinique and St. Lucia on the following day. The hurricane slowly deepened in the Caribbean Sea while gradually curving northwestward. Late on September 12 and early on September 13, the cyclone brushed the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025765-0005-0001", "contents": "1875 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nOn September\u00a013, the storm made a few landfalls on the southern coast of Cuba before moving inland over Sancti Sp\u00edritus Province. The system emerged into the Gulf of Mexico near Havana and briefly weakened to a tropical storm. Thereafter, the storm slowly re-intensified and gradually turned westward. At 12:00\u00a0UTC on September\u00a016, the hurricane became a Category\u00a03 hurricane with winds peaking at 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h), based on land observations. The minimum barometric pressure was 955\u00a0mbar (28.2\u00a0inHg), based on the pressure\u2013wind relationship developed by National Hurricane Center meteorologist Dan Brown in 2006. Seven hours later, the hurricane made landfall near Indianola, Texas. The storm quickly weakened and turned northeastward, before dissipating over Mississippi on September\u00a018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 848]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025765-0006-0000", "contents": "1875 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe hurricane brought heavy rainfall to several islands of the Lesser Antilles, especially Saint Vincent. Flooding and landslides caused severe damage to crops and roads. Most streets of Kingstown were inundated with 3\u00a0ft (0.91\u00a0m) of water, while two bridges and several homes were swept away. Outside the capital city, water swept away more than 30 homes in total from Hopewell and Mesopotamia. Four people drowned in the latter, with five other fatalities in Queensbury. In Martinique, 20\u00a0deaths occurred after the ship Codfish sank in the harbor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025765-0006-0001", "contents": "1875 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nNavassa Island experienced strong winds, heavy rainfall, and waves that topped the 75\u00a0ft (23\u00a0m) cliffs. Many trees were downed and several homes were destroyed. Strong winds and above normal tides in Cuba left damage across the island, especially in J\u00facaro and Santa Cruz del Sur. In Texas, Old Velasco was completely leveled, while the town of Indianola was nearly destroyed. Three-quarters of the buildings in Indianola were washed away and the remaining structures were in a state of ruin, with only eight buildings left undamaged. Approximately 300\u00a0people were killed in Indianola.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025765-0006-0002", "contents": "1875 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe town was again almost completely destroyed by another hurricane in 1886 and subsequently abandoned. Four people drowned after the two lighthouses at Pass Cavallo were swept away. At Galveston, several houses and a railroad bridge were destroyed, and a ship, the Beardstown sunk in Galveston Bay. The town suffered about $4\u00a0million in damage and 30\u00a0deaths. Overall, the hurricane left an estimated 800\u00a0deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025765-0007-0000", "contents": "1875 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four\nA tropical storm formed in the west-central Gulf of Mexico on September\u00a024. After initially moving northwestward, the storm curved east-northeastward by the following day. The cyclone peaked with maximum sustained winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h), and due to lack of data, was believed to have maintained this intensity until making landfall near modern-day Panama City, Florida at 13:00\u00a0UTC on September\u00a027. By early September\u00a028, the storm weakened to a tropical depression and soon dissipated near the Florida\u2013Georgia state line. Several locations along the Gulf Coast of the United States reported heavy rainfall, with 6\u00a0in (150\u00a0mm) and 3\u00a0in (76\u00a0mm) of precipitation observed in Mobile and New Orleans, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025765-0008-0000", "contents": "1875 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nThe schooner Pilot's Pride first encountered this hurricane northeast of the Bahamas on October\u00a07. The system moved just west of due north and intensified into a Category\u00a02 hurricane on the following day. Based on ship reports, the hurricane is estimated to have peaked with maximum sustained winds of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h). The bark Marie was damaged by the storm on October\u00a08 and returned to port for repairs. Early on October\u00a09, the cyclone curved northeastward and weakened to a Category\u00a01 hurricane. The storm was last noted to the southeast of Sable Island late on October\u00a010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025765-0009-0000", "contents": "1875 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nThe final known tropical cyclone of the season was first encountered by the schooner Lillie Taylor early on October\u00a012, about 150\u00a0mi (240\u00a0km) northeast of the Abaco Islands. Moving slowly northward to north-northeastward, the storm slowly strengthened, reaching hurricane intensity on October\u00a014. The system peaked with maximum sustained winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h), based on observations from the ship E.E. Ruckett. The cyclone weakened to a tropical storm early on October\u00a015 and began accelerating northeastward. Early October\u00a016, the storm made landfall near Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, with winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h), shortly before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone. Several locations along the East Coast of the United States reported heavy rainfall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 816]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025766-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Bedfordshire by-election\nThe Bedfordshire by-election of 1875 was fought on 28 April 1875. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Francis Bassett. It was won by the Liberal candidate Marquess of Tavistock, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025767-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Birthday Honours\nThe 1875 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette in May and June 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025767-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025768-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Blackburn by-election\nThe Blackburn by-election of 1875 was fought on 30 September 1875. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Henry Master Feilden. It was won by the Conservative candidate Daniel Thwaites.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025769-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Boston Red Stockings season\nThe 1875 Boston Red Stockings season was the fifth season of the Boston Red Stockings franchise. They won their fourth consecutive National Association championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025769-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Boston Red Stockings season\nManaged by Harry Wright, Boston finished with a record of 71\u20138 to win the pennant by 15 games. Pitcher Al Spalding started 62 of the Red Stockings' games and led the NA with 54 wins. Catcher Deacon White (.367), second baseman Ross Barnes (.364), and first baseman Cal McVey (.355) finished 1\u20132\u20133 in the league's batting race. McVey paced the circuit with 87 runs batted in, and outfielder Jim O'Rourke had the most home runs, with 6. The Boston offense scored more runs than any other team in the NA. According to the FiveThirtyEight ELO rating system, they are the greatest team of all time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025769-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Boston Red Stockings season\nHarry Wright, Al Spalding, Jim O'Rourke, and shortstop George Wright have all been elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025769-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Boston Red Stockings season\nThis was the last season of the Association, which dissolved at the end of the year. The Red Stockings club would join the new National League in 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025769-0004-0000", "contents": "1875 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025769-0005-0000", "contents": "1875 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025769-0006-0000", "contents": "1875 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025769-0007-0000", "contents": "1875 Boston Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025770-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1875 saw the reelection of Samuel C. Cobb to a third consecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025771-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Breconshire by-election\nThe Breconshire by-election of 1875 was fought on 20 May 1875. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, Godfrey Morgan. It was won by the Liberal candidate William Fuller-Maitland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025772-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Bridport by-election\nThe Bridport by-election of 1875 was fought on 31 March 1875. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP, Thomas Alexander Mitchell. It was won by the Liberal candidate Pandeli Ralli.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election\nThe 1875 British Columbia general election was held in 1875. Many of the politicians in the House had served with the Legislative Council or Assembly or the Executive Council, or had otherwise been stalwarts of the colonial era - some supporters of Confederation, others not. Some were ranchers or mining bosses from the Interior, others were colonial gentry from the Island and New Westminster, and others direct arrivals from Britain, Ireland or \"Canada\", which was still considered a different place not only in the minds of the politicians but in the language used in Hansard during this period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Statistics\nVancouver Island 4,477 votes total in thirteen seats 344.38 voters per seat:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Statistics\nNote that these figures refer to votes actually cast, not the population per se nor the total of the potential voters' list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Political context, Issues and debates\nThe issues of Chinese immigration and the unbuilt railway defined the politics of the period, and were the main topic of debate in the campaign as well as in the House. As ever since in British Columbia politics, a tough stand against the Dominion Government (Ottawa) upon these issues, and over better terms for BC, was a prerequisite for success at the polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0003-0001", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Political context, Issues and debates\nPoliticians and newspapermen (often the same thing in the early Legislature) were alarmed that British Columbia appeared not to have a say in the route of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and that Ottawa had no plans to assist in immigration to the new province in order to build the railway and otherwise populate the former colony. The issue of a promised railway along the east coast of Vancouver Island to its southern tip at Victoria was also of major political importance, especially to voters in the Island ridings (Victoria City, Victoria, Nanaimo City, Comox, Alberni, Cowichan, Esquimalt).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0004-0000", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Political context, Issues and debates\nAlso occupying the House were capital proposals and expenditures on projects such as improvements to the Dewdney Trail, the Cariboo Road, the Grand Trunk Road (Old Yale Road), and the financing of the Lillooet Cattle Trail, even though its main proponent, Thomas Basil Humphreys, the first MLA for Lillooet, was now MLA for Victoria. Victoria City MLA Andrew Charles Elliott, soon to be Premier, had been a provincial Magistrate in Lillooet and also supported the project, then the largest capital expenditure in the new province to date, and larger than anything outlaid in the colonial period. The trail was finally built and used in its entirety and for its original purpose - bringing cattle from the West Fraser rangelands directly to the Coast - was a financial disaster (as were also the Dewdney, Cariboo and Grand Trunk projects, and as had been the Douglas Road originally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 960]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0005-0000", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Political context, Non-party system\nThere were to be no political parties in the new province. The designations \"Government\" and \"Opposition\" and \"Independent\" (and variations on these) functioned in place of parties, but they were very loose and do not represent formal coalitions, more alignments of support during the campaign. \"Government\" meant in support of the current Premier; \"Opposition\" meant campaigning against him, and often enough the Opposition would win and immediately become the Government. The Elections British Columbia notes for this election describe the designations as \"Government (GOV.) candidates supported the administration of G.A.B. Walkem. Those opposed ran as Reform (REF. ), Opposition (OPP. ), Independent Reform (IND.REF. ), or Independent Opposition (IND.OPP.) candidates. Those who ran as straight Independents (IND.) were sometimes described as Government supporters (IND./GOV. ).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 958]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0006-0000", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Political context, The Walkem Government\nActual governing coalitions were very shaky, and between 1871 and 1903, when parties were formalized in BC, there were sixteen governments (as defined by Premierships) but only ten elections. This was one of the few early elections that produced a stable regime, as the mandate was called for and won by the incumbent government of the popular George Anthony Boomer Walkem, who retired from the office of Premier a year later only to return in 1878 to serve again as Premier for a full four years further - a record in the period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0006-0001", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Political context, The Walkem Government\nIn this election he had already been in office since the previous year, being voted to the position of Premier by the House after the retirement of Amor de Cosmos from the Legislature, as his serving in the provincial House simultaneously with his seat in the House of Commons in Ottawa had been disallowed. Walkem similarly returned in 1878 because of the retirement of Andrew Charles Elliott, who had assumed the reins of power when he retired from his seat in 1876 and had been offered an appointment as a judge. From Walkem's retirement in 1882 to the end of the Prior government and the non-party period in 1903 - eleven years - there were ten governments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0007-0000", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Political context, Byelections not shown\nAny changes due to byelections are shown below the main table showing the theoretical composition of the House after the election. A final table showing the composition of the House at the dissolution of the Legislature at the end of this Parliament can be found below the byelections. The main table represents the immediate results of the election only, not changes in governing coalitions or eventual changes due to byelections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0008-0000", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Political context, List of ridings\nThe original ridings had remained twelve in number, electing 25 members of the first provincial legislature from 12 ridings (electoral districts), some with multiple members. There were no political parties were not acceptable in the House by convention, though some members were openly partisan at the federal level (usually Conservative, although both Liberal and Labour allegiance were on display by some candidates). In all there were 55 candidates in the election, competing for 5,656 votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0009-0000", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Political context, Polling conditions\nThe secret ballot had been instituted for the first time, unlike the open poll book and show of hands in the 1871 election. Nomination meetings for candidates, however, still retained the old show of hands method of voting. The election was called on August 30, with polling day on a varying schedule from September 11 to October 25 and the legislature meeting for the first time on January 10, 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0009-0001", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Political context, Polling conditions\nThe varying schedule meant that some returns were in on October 1, on the same day other ridings were voting and still others would vote long after new of the returns elsewhere had come in. Election days varied because of travel difficulties and local work and weather conditions, and even in New Westminster and Victoria the \"city\" ridings voted a week in advance of those for the surrounding more rural ridings, although no returns (count of votes) were in until after the interval elapsed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0010-0000", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Political context, Polling conditions\nNatives (First Nations) and Chinese were disallowed from voting, although naturalized Kanakas (Hawaiian colonists) and American and West Indian blacks and certain others participated. The requirement that knowledge of English be spoken for balloting was discussed but not applied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0011-0000", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Byelections\nTwo sets of byelections were held to confirm appointments to the Executive Council (cabinet), as was the custom in earlier times. Some ministerial candidates in this series of byelections were confirmed by acclamation, others were contested. These byelections were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 51], "content_span": [52, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0012-0000", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Byelections\nOther byelections were also held due to deaths and other appointments; all were contested:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 51], "content_span": [52, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025773-0013-0000", "contents": "1875 British Columbia general election, Composition of House at dissolution\nNote: Government/Opposition status applies to candidate at time of election in 1875, not at time of dissolution in 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025774-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Brooklyn Atlantics season\nThe Brooklyn Atlantics played in 1875 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished eleventh in the league with a record of 2-42. The league folded at the conclusion of the season, and the Atlantics did not join the National League which succeeded it in 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025774-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Brooklyn Atlantics season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025775-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 CCNY Lavender football team\nThe 1875 CCNY Lavender football team represented the City College of New York during the 1875 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025776-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 California gubernatorial election\nThe 1875 California gubernatorial election was held on September 7, 1875, to elect the governor of California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025777-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Caversham by-election\nThe 1875 Caversham by-election was a by-election held on 20 August 1875 during the 5th New Zealand Parliament in the Caversham electorate in the south-east of the South Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025777-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Caversham by-election\nThe by-election was held because of the death of sitting member of parliament William Tolmie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025777-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Caversham by-election\nThe election saw Robert Stout narrowly win the seat by just twenty-one votes over his sole opponent, William Larnach. Both were new to the political arena with neither having stood for Parliament before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025778-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Central Cumberland colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Central Cumberland on 28 June 1875 because of the resignation of Joseph Wearne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025779-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1875 Chicago White Stockings season was the 4th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 3rd and final in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players and the 2nd at 23rd Street Grounds. The White Stockings finished sixth in the National Association with a record of 30\u201337.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025779-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025780-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 City of Auckland West by-elections\nThe 1875 City of Auckland West by-elections were two by-elections held in the City of Auckland West electorate in Auckland, following two resignations during the 4th New Zealand Parliament", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025781-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Columbia football team\nThe 1875 Columbia football team represented Columbia University in the 1875 college football season. The team finished with a 4\u20131\u20131 record and was retroactively named co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. They outscored their opponents 13\u201310 (scoring used then differed from today's system).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025782-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1875 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 5, 1875. Incumbent governor and Democratic nominee Charles R. Ingersoll defeated Republican nominee J. Greene with 53.23% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025782-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThis was the last gubernatorial election to elect the Governor of Connecticut to a term of one year, from May 7, 1875, to May 7, 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025783-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 C\u00facuta earthquake\nThe 1875 C\u00facuta earthquake (also known as earthquake of the Andes) occurred on 18 May at 11:15 AM. It completely demolished C\u00facuta, Villa del Rosario (Colombia), San Antonio del Tachira and Capacho (Venezuela). The earthquake killed many Venezuelans in San Crist\u00f3bal, La Mulata, Rubio, Michelena, La Grita, Col\u00f3n, amongst others, and was felt in both Bogot\u00e1 and Caracas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025783-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 C\u00facuta earthquake\nThat day, the city of C\u00facuta and the town of Villa del Rosario, in the Norte de Santander department (Colombia) and the municipalities of San Antonio del T\u00e1chira and Capacho, T\u00e1chira State (Venezuela) were destroyed totally by this catastrophic earthquake. Villa del Rosario was a historical and calm population. In 1821 had met in the main church (Historic church) to means to construct, the members of the First Congress of the Great Colombia, known as Congress of C\u00facuta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025783-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 C\u00facuta earthquake\nStill it is observed the rest of the church that collapse during the great seismic movement, the houses of that time in the zone were of the purest Spanish colonial style.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025783-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 C\u00facuta earthquake, Death toll\nThe exact number of victims is not known; Spokane Daily Chronicle reported that the figure was as many as 2,500, while other sources say that the death toll was about 1,000. Early newspaper reports put the number at 8 to 10,000. The Evening Post wrote that 5,000 died outright with a further 9,000 dying from the after effects such as fever and lockjaw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025783-0004-0000", "contents": "1875 C\u00facuta earthquake, Affected areas\nThe earthquake covered 5 degrees of Latitude and was 500 miles long. Populated areas affected were, Villa of the Rosary, San Luis, Salazar, Woods of the Palms, Gramalote, Bochalema and San Faustino in Colombia. San Antonio, Capacho, San Crist\u00f3bal, the Mulata, Rubio, Michelena, La Grita, Col\u00f3n in Venezuela. In addition it was also felt in Bogota and Caracas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025784-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Dallas municipal election\nThe 1875 Dallas municipal election was a mayoral and municipal election in Dallas, Texas. The election was held on April 6, 1875. In the election, W. L. Cabell defeated challenger J. C. Bogel and eventual mayor John Kerfoot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025785-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 East Aberdeenshire by-election\nThe East Aberdeenshire by-election of 1875 was fought on 22 December 1875. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, William Dingwall Fordyce. It was won by the Conservative Party (UK) candidate Alexander Hamilton-Gordon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025786-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 East Kent by-election\nThe East Kent by-election of 1875 was fought on 27 January 1875. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, George Milles. It was won by the Conservative candidate Wyndham Knatchbull.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025787-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 English cricket season\n1875 was the 89th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). Nottinghamshire regained its place as the unofficial \"Champion County\". It was in many ways the last season before pitches began to improve and produce much heavier scoring: it was definitely the last season where \"dead shooters\" were frequently seen at Lord's before the heavy roller made for regular bounce there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025787-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025788-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 FA Cup Final\nThe 1875 FA Cup Final was a football match between Royal Engineers and Old Etonians on 13 March 1875 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the fourth final of the world's oldest football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (known in the modern era as the FA Cup). Heading into the final, the Royal Engineers were playing in their third final after losing the 1872 and 1874 finals while the Old Etonians were playing in their first FA Cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025788-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 FA Cup Final\nPrior to the final, the Royal Engineers had played one more match than the Old Etonians with the Etonians getting a bye in the second round due to the odd number of the teams that had entered the tournament. 2,000 people saw the match which ended in a 1\u20131 draw, Henry Renny-Tailyour scored for the Engineers but Alexander Bonsor replied to have the match end in a draw and have the final being replayed for the first time with two goals from Renny-Tailyour sealing the Royal Engineers' first and only FA Cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025788-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nThe Engineers, who lost the final on two of the three previous occasions, kicked off with a resounding 3\u20130 win over Marlow. They kept the scoring feat up in the next round, beating Cambridge University 5\u20130. The Quarter Final was a closely fought match against Clapham Rovers, just prevailing 3\u20132. The Semi-final produced a repeat fixture of the final of 1874, as the Engineers faced Oxford University. This time, the Engineers won 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025788-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nThe Old Etonians started off against the Swifts, which proved a very tough match. After two drawn games, the Etonians managed to pull off a 3\u20130 victory. In the second round they received a bye which led them into the quarter-finals. Following a win against Maidenhead, they played Shropshire Wanderers. An extremely close match was just edged out by a single goal to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025788-0004-0000", "contents": "1875 FA Cup Final, Final matches\nThe first match was notable chiefly because it was played in a \"howling gale\". The conditions considerably favoured the Etonians team, which had the wind at its backs for all but 10 minutes of the 90, and all 30 minutes of extra time (teams in this period changed ends after every goal- this game was the last to feature this rule). Cuthbert Ottaway received an ankle injury after 37 minutes into the final, following a collision with Richard Ruck, and was forced to leave the field; in his absence, the Old Boys were regarded as fortunate to have held on for a 1\u20131 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025788-0005-0000", "contents": "1875 FA Cup Final, Final matches\nOttaway failed to recover in time for the replay, held only three days later, and Etonians also lost the services of three other players who had prior commitments. Unable to obtain adequate replacements, the Old Boys arrived at the ground an hour late and lost the delayed replay 0\u20132. Henry Renny-Tailyour scored all three goals in both matches for the Engineers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025788-0006-0000", "contents": "1875 FA Cup Final, Final matches\nThe newspaper The Observer published the following chronicle of the match on 14 March 1875:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025788-0007-0000", "contents": "1875 FA Cup Final, Final matches\n... considering the coldness of the weather, there was a large attendance of visitors, who must have numbered over 1,000... With the change of ends, the Engineers soon showed their superiority, and five minutes had scarcely elapsed before Von Donop ran the ball a short distance along the right side, planting it well in front of the Old Etonians goal, and Renny-Tailyour, who was in waiting, had little difficult in scoring the goal. The Engineers wore scarlet and blue jerseys and stockings, and blue serge knickerbockers, the Old Etonians being dressed in blue and white, which difference of uniform made the players on either side very discernible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025789-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Grand National\nThe 1875 Grand National was the 37th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 18 March 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025790-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 18 July 1875. Supporters of Alexandros Koumoundouros emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, with 80 of the 190 seats. Koumoundouros became Prime Minister on 27 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025791-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Hartford Dark Blues season\nIn their second season in the National Association, the  1875 Hartford Dark Blues finished in third place. They were managed by starting third baseman Bob \"Death to Flying Things\" Ferguson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025791-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Hartford Dark Blues season\nThe Dark Blues, with future Hall of Famers Candy Cummings and Tommy Bond, had the best pitching staff in baseball. Cummings won 35 games, and the 19-year-old Bond finished second in league ERA at 1.56.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025791-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Hartford Dark Blues season\nFollowing the season, they were one of the NA teams chosen to join the new National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025791-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Hartford Dark Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025792-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Hartlepool by-election\nThe Hartlepools by-election of 1875 was fought on 29 July 1875. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Thomas Richardson. It was won by the Liberal candidate Lowthian Bell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025793-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Horsham by-election\nThe Horsham by-election of 1875 was fought on 17 December 1875. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, William Vesey-FitzGerald, who became Chief Charity Commissioner for England and Wales. It was won by the Liberal candidate Robert Henry Hurst (junior). who had previously been MP for the seat but was defeated at the previous General Election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025793-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Horsham by-election\nThis election was declared void and Hurst did not stand in the by-election in 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025794-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Hungarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Hungary between 1 July and 18 August 1875. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party (Hu: Szabadelv\u0171 P\u00e1rt), which won 333 of the 414 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane\nThe 1875 Indianola hurricane brought a devastating and deadly storm surge to the coast of Texas. The third known system of the 1875 Atlantic hurricane season, the storm was first considered a tropical cyclone while located east of the Lesser Antilles on September\u00a08. While passing through the Windward Islands. After entering the Caribbean Sea, the cyclone gradually began to move more northwestward and brushed the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti late on September\u00a012. On the following day, the storm made a few landfalls on the southern coast of Cuba before moving inland over Sancti Sp\u00edritus Province.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0000-0001", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane\nThe system emerged into the Gulf of Mexico near Havana and briefly weakened to a tropical storm. Thereafter, the storm slowly re-intensified and gradually turned westward. On September\u00a016, the hurricane peaked as a Category\u00a03 hurricane with winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h). Later that day, the hurricane made landfall near Indianola, Texas. The storm quickly weakened and turned northeastward, before dissipating over Mississippi on September\u00a018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane\nThe hurricane brought heavy rainfall to several islands of the Lesser Antilles, especially on Barbados and Saint Vincent. The latter reported significant damage and loss of life, including a ship that sunk with the loss of 20\u00a0crew members. Flooding and landslides caused severe damage to crops and roads, while two bridges and several homes were swept away, including more than 30\u00a0homes in total from the towns of Hopewell and Mesopotamia. Another 20\u00a0lives were lost after the ship Codfish sank offshore Martinique.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0001-0001", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane\nNavassa Island experienced strong winds, heavy rainfall, and very large waves, downing many trees and destroying several homes. Strong winds and above normal tides in Cuba left damage across the island, especially in J\u00facaro (close to Venezuela, Cuba) and Santa Cruz del Sur. In Texas, the storm completely destroyed Velasco and nearly destroyed the town of Indianola. In the latter, storm surge washed away three-quarters of the buildings and significantly damaged the structures that remained standing. Only eight buildings in the town were undamaged. Four people drowned after the two lighthouses at Pass Cavallo were swept away. At Galveston, several houses and a railroad bridge were destroyed, and a ship, the Beardstown, sunk in Galveston Bay. The town suffered about $4\u00a0million in damage and 30\u00a0deaths. Overall, the hurricane caused approximately 800\u00a0deaths, with at least 300\u00a0in Indianola alone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 928]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Meteorological history\nThe hurricane or its precursor was first observed on September\u00a01 by the ship Tautallon Castle, which was located southwest of Cape Verde. The storm moved westward and was later encountered on September\u00a05 by a vessel which observed \"terrific seas\" and a barometric pressure of 982\u00a0mbar (29.0\u00a0inHg). However, HURDAT \u2013 the Atlantic hurricane database \u2013 does not confirm the existence of a tropical cyclone until 00:00\u00a0UTC on September\u00a08, while the storm was situated about 285\u00a0miles (260\u00a0km) east-northeast of Barbados.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0002-0001", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Meteorological history\nInitially estimated to have been a Category\u00a01 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir\u2013Simpson scale, the system moved westward to west-northwestward, passing through the Windward Islands between Martinique and St. Lucia early on September\u00a09. The cyclone was estimated to have intensified into a Category\u00a02 hurricane around 00:00\u00a0UTC on September\u00a011. Thereafter, the system began moving in a more northwestward direction. Late on September\u00a012, the hurricane brushed the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Meteorological history\nContinuing northwestward, the cyclone made landfall near Pil\u00f3n, Cuba, with winds of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h), shortly before 06:00\u00a0UTC on September\u00a013. The storm briefly re-emerged into the Caribbean and weakened to a Category\u00a01 hurricane before making landfall on the south coast of modern-day Sancti Sp\u00edritus Province around 18:00\u00a0UTC with winds of 90\u00a0mph (150\u00a0km/h). Early the following day, the system emerged into the Straits of Florida and weakened to a tropical storm at about 06:00\u00a0UTC on September\u00a014, before becoming a Category\u00a01 hurricane again six hours later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0003-0001", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Meteorological history\nEarly on September\u00a015, the cyclone curved to the west-northwest and re-intensified further, becoming a Category\u00a02 hurricane again by 12:00\u00a0UTC. About 24\u00a0hours later, the system intensified into a Category\u00a03 hurricane and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h). Around 21:00\u00a0UTC on September\u00a016, the hurricane made landfall near Indianola, Texas, at the same intensity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0003-0002", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Meteorological history\nBased on sustained winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) and the pressure\u2013wind relationship developed by National Hurricane Center meteorologist Dan Brown in 2006, the barometric pressure was estimated at 955\u00a0mbar (28.2\u00a0inHg), the lowest associated with the storm. The hurricane curved northward after moving inland and quickly weakened to a tropical storm by 12:00\u00a0UTC the next day. Turning northeastward shortly thereafter, the system weakened to a tropical depression on June\u00a018 and dissipated over southern Mississippi around 18:00\u00a0UTC that same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0004-0000", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Preparations and impact, Caribbean\nOn Saint Vincent, the hurricane was \"accompanied by a deluge of rain unprecedented\", with nearly 12\u00a0in (300\u00a0mm) of precipitation falling in 12\u00a0hours. Loss of lives and severe damage to properties were reported by The Times. Landslides occurred throughout the island, causing heavy damage, especially to agriculture. At one plantation alone, the storm destroyed nearly 15 acres (6.1\u00a0ha) of sugar cane. A number of roads were left impassible. The storm also demolished several arrowroot mills, which were generally owned by poor Black cultivators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 60], "content_span": [61, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0004-0001", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Preparations and impact, Caribbean\nIn the Kingstown area, local streams, some of which typically resembled arroyos, rose as much as 12\u00a0ft (3.7\u00a0m) in six hours. Most of the streets were flooded with over 3\u00a0ft (0.91\u00a0m) of water, while marketplaces and low-lying areas were also inundated. Many homes and two bridges were swept away. At the Roman Catholic cemetery, floodwaters unearthed several recently interred bodies and swept them into the ocean. Along the coast, seven of the ten vessels docked at the bay were beached.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 60], "content_span": [61, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0004-0002", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Preparations and impact, Caribbean\nIn the Mariaqua Valley of Saint Vincent, hundreds of people fled their homes from the villages of Hopewell and Mesopotamia. Water swept away more than 30\u00a0homes in total from both villages. Four people drowned in Mesopotamia. Additionally, five fatalities occurred in Queensbury. During the storm, the volcano La Soufri\u00e8re showed signs of activation. Following the storm, the Legislative Assembly of Saint Vincent voted to allocate \u00a3500 (US$2776) for repairing roads and \u00a3300 (US$1666) for relief to those whose homes were destroyed. A total of 52\u00a0people were granted aid, many of whom lived in Mesopotamia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 60], "content_span": [61, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0005-0000", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Preparations and impact, Caribbean\nOn Barbados, several locations reported around 13\u00a0in (330\u00a0mm) of precipitation, while up to 15\u00a0in (380\u00a0mm) of rain was observed. Three vessels on the island were driven ashore. The ship Codfish sank at a harbor in Martinique, drowning all 20\u00a0crew members. In Haiti, the schooner Agnes became stranded at Les Cayes. Additionally, several coasters and two foreign ships were grounded. Heavy rainfall and strong winds were also reported on Navassa Island. Many trees were brought down and several homes were destroyed. One building was lifted and smashed, and all wooden structures were demolished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 60], "content_span": [61, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0005-0001", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Preparations and impact, Caribbean\nThe railroad was torn up, while eight loaded train cars were tossed from the track. A flat stone weighing 25\u00a0tons disappeared during the storm. Along the coast, waves crashed over cliffs that were 45 to 75\u00a0ft (14 to 23\u00a0m) in height. Boathouses and wharves were demolished, while a gig and eight lighters capsized. Jamaica experienced storm surge, heavy rainfall, and near-hurricane-force winds. In Falmouth, storm surge inundated roads. Adverse weather conditions briefly interrupted communications between Holland Bay and Kingston, as well as between Holland Bay and Santiago de Cuba.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 60], "content_span": [61, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0006-0000", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Preparations and impact, Caribbean\nThe Belen College Observatory in Havana, Cuba, issued a storm warning on September\u00a011, as forecasters anticipated that the hurricane would continue west-northwestward and strike the island. This was the first issuance of a tropical cyclone-related warning in the Caribbean Sea. The well-publicized warning was credited with saving many lives. Tides in Cuba reached 3\u00a0ft (0.91\u00a0m) above normal at the bay in Santiago de Cuba. A severe thunderstorm associated with the hurricane killed a girl, and injured two men at a fishing village. The hurricane destroyed a section of railroad in Guant\u00e1namo. Strong winds and above normal tides left damage across the island, particularly in J\u00facaro and Santa Cruz del Sur. In the latter, the tides inundated many streets. Strong winds destroyed all shacks and partially damaged even the strongest buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 60], "content_span": [61, 903]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0007-0000", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Preparations and impact, United States\nIn Louisiana, the hurricane sunk or swept ashore several ships along the coast. Even at the protected New Orleans harbor, ships foundered. Communications with the schooner Mabel was lost after it sailed out of the mouth of the Mississippi River. The state experienced more intense impacts after the storm moved eastward out of Texas. At Shell Island, located near the west end of Vermilion Bay, tides exceeded those during the 1856 hurricane. In New Orleans, the steamer Natchez collided with the ferry Lousie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0007-0001", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Preparations and impact, United States\nThe boats linked together and drifted down the Mississippi River, until the Natchez was re-secured after passing the Belle Rowland and the C. H. Dufree. In St. Mary Parish, 34\u00a0hours of heavy rainfall and storm surge generated by \"tremendous equinoctial storm\" caused considerable damage to cotton and sugar cane. Inland, observers in Calcasieu Parish noted that the wind shifted with \"terrific force\" as the storm crossed Louisiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0008-0000", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Preparations and impact, United States\nThe storm brought a strong storm surge to the Texas coast, causing heavy damage and a total of 800\u00a0deaths. Three-quarters of the buildings in Indianola were washed away and the remaining structures were in a state of ruin, with only eight buildings left undamaged. Boats were washed as far as 9 miles (14\u00a0km) inland. The town may have experienced winds gusts between 145 and 150\u00a0mph (233 and 241\u00a0km/h), though the anemometer blew away after recording a wind gust of 88\u00a0mph (142\u00a0km/h). Approximately 300\u00a0people were killed in Indianola.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0008-0001", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Preparations and impact, United States\nIn the aftermath of the storm in Indianola, looters stole possessions from the deceased. Fifteen people caught looting from the dead were killed. Surviving residents of Indianola debated relocating the town. However, considerations were dropped after political ambitions interfered. The town would be rebuilt, only to be devastated again by the 1886 hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0009-0000", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Preparations and impact, United States\nIn Cameron County, damage to a railroad resulted in a suspension of service between Brownsville and Port Isabel. The sand dunes on Matagorda Island were flattened. The hurricane killed approximately 90% of residents of Saluria, located on the eastern end of the island. Two lighthouses at Pass Cavallo were swept away, including the four light keepers. Velasco was completely leveled. The city was not rebuilt until 1888, at which time it had been relocated about 4 miles (6.4\u00a0km) farther upstream the Brazos River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0009-0001", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Preparations and impact, United States\nAt Galveston, tides reached up to 10\u00a0ft (3.0\u00a0m) above normal, cutting two temporary channels across the island. Several houses on the eastern side of the island and a railroad bridge were destroyed. In Galveston Bay, the steamer Beardstown sunk. The storm dropped 6.48\u00a0in (165\u00a0mm) of rainfall on September\u00a017 \u2013 a record for that date. Winds possibly reached 110\u00a0mph (180\u00a0km/h), with the wind being \"higher andharder\" than during the 1867 hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0010-0000", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Preparations and impact, United States\nFarther north, Harrisburg and Houston were impacted by the hurricane. Water from Galveston Bay at Houston swept farther inland than ever recorded at the time. Trees were brought down throughout the city, with some streets resembling \"forests just cut down\", according to The Daily News. Fallen trees and fences blocked sidewalks on Congress Street. A number of homes were deroofed. Three buildings at the fairgrounds were destroyed. Heavy rainfall flooded some streets. Two bridges over White Oak Bayou were washed away, while a few houses along the bank of the bayou were also swept away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0010-0001", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Preparations and impact, United States\nDamage in Houston reached about $50,000. In Spring, heavy precipitation caused streams to overflow and streets to quickly flood, with The Daily News noting that floodwaters took \"almost everything within its reach.\" A combination of strong winds and torrential rains damaged several miles of railroad tracks and washed out several roads. Cotton crops were completely wiped out. In Wallisville, several buildings were demolished, while moderate damage occurred in Beaumont and Liberty. Strong winds buffeted Austin County for about 48\u00a0hours, causing severe damage to vegetation and downing many trees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025795-0011-0000", "contents": "1875 Indianola hurricane, Preparations and impact, United States\nThe storm left a lasting impact on warnings being issued for hurricanes. Within the United States, the public was dissatisfied with the Signal Corp forecasts after the Indianola hurricane. The immediate response by the Signal Corp was the creation of the hurricane warning flag, a pair of red flags 10 by 8\u00a0ft (3.0 by 2.4\u00a0m) each in size, inset with black rectangles. From October\u00a01, 1875, hurricane warning flags were  hoisted in areas where hurricane warnings were in effect, and illuminated at night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025796-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Iowa Senate election\nIn the 1875 Iowa State Senate elections, Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the sixteenth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 30 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025796-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 36 seats to Democrats' 10 seats and four members of the Anti- Monopoly Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025796-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 16 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025796-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1875 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 40 seats and Democrats having 10 seats (a net gain of 4 seats for Republicans).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025797-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1875 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on October 12, 1875. Republican nominee Samuel J. Kirkwood defeated Democratic nominee Shepherd Leffler with 57.03% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025798-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 K Street\n1875 K Street is a mid-rise office building located in the United States capital of Washington, D.C.. The building began construction in 2000, and was completed in 2001. Upon completion, the building rose to 155 feet (47\u00a0m), featuring 12 floors and 5 elevators. The architect of the building was Hartman-Cox Architects, who designed the postmodern design of the building. The building was sold to Shorenstein Properties in 2005 for $113 million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025798-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 K Street\nLaw firm Willkie Farr & Gallagher is the anchor tenant in the building. Foley Hoag also has its Washington office in this building, There also was a Cos\u00ec restaurant located in the building, which was replaced by a Protein Bar in 2014.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025799-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Kaiapoi by-election\nThe 1875 Kaiapoi by-election was a by-election held on 30 October 1875 during the 5th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of Kaiapoi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025799-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Kaiapoi by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP John Studholme on 8 December 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025800-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1875 Kentucky Derby was the first running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 17, 1875. The first Kentucky Derby was a 1.5-mile race, and the traditional distance of 1.25 miles was not established until the 1896 Derby. Thirteen of the fifteen jockeys in the race, including winner Oliver Lewis, were African-American. Attendance was estimated at 10,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025800-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Kentucky Derby\nThe winner was Aristides, by two lengths. His jockey was Oliver Lewis, his trainer was Ansel Williamson, and his owner was H.P. McGrath. Aristides' half-brother and stablemate Chesapeake also ran in the race. Both Aristides' jockey and trainer were black. Aristides's time of 2 minutes and 37.75 seconds was at the time a world record for the distance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025800-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Kentucky Derby, Payout\nThe winner received a purse of $2,850. The second-place finisher received $200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025801-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Kentucky gubernatorial election\nThe 1875 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on August 2, 1875. Democratic nominee James B. McCreary defeated Republican nominee John Marshall Harlan with 58.31% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025802-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Keokuk Westerns season\nThe Keokuk Westerns played their first and only season of professional baseball in 1875 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished thirteenth in the league with a record of 1-12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025802-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Keokuk Westerns season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025803-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Kilkenny City by-election\nThe Kilkenny City by-election of 1875 was fought on 28 April 1875. This arose due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, John Gray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025803-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Kilkenny City by-election\nIt was contested by three candidates: Gray's son Edmund Dwyer Gray, Edward Marum, and Benjamin Whitworth, former MP for Drogheda. Gray told the electors that his programme did not differ substantially from that of Whitworth: he was in favour of \"Home Rule, denominational education, fixity of tenure at fair rents, and reform of the Grand Jury Laws.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025803-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Kilkenny City by-election\nWhitworth was elected, with 307 votes; Gray received 125 and Marum 112. The Times saw this as a blow to the Home Rule League - who had condemned Whitworth's programme as vague and inadequate - and anticipated that he would act independently of the Home Ruler movement, although \"he will probably be often found acting in harmony with the Home Rule Members\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025803-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Kilkenny City by-election\nThe reason for the success of Whitworth, who was seen as having the support of the Protestant voters although he was also proposed by the Roman Catholic vicar-general of the diocese, was considered to be the \"promises of material aid which he made to Kilkenny\". His nomination was seconded by the prominent brewer John Francis Smithwick who would later succeed him as MP for the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025803-0004-0000", "contents": "1875 Kilkenny City by-election\nMarum went on to be elected MP for County Kilkenny and Gray for County Tipperary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025804-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Kirkcaldy Burghs by-election\nThe Kirkcaldy Burghs by-election of 1875 was fought on 20 April 1875. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Robert Reid. It was won by the Liberal candidate George Campbell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025805-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Liberian general election\nPresidential elections were held in Liberia in May 1875. The result was a victory for former President James Spriggs Payne of the Republican Party. Payne took office on 3 January 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025806-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Liechtenstein general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liechtenstein in April and May 1875. Six of the seats in the Landtag were indirectly elected by electors selected by voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025806-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Liechtenstein general election, Electors\nElectors were selected through elections that were held between 26 and 30 April. Each municipality had two electors for every 100 inhabitants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025806-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nThe electors met on 8 May in Vaduz to elect six Landtag members and five substitute members. The Landtag members and their substitutes were elected in three ballots. Of the 160 electors, 156 participated in the voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025806-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nFerdinand Walser declined his election. Markus Kessler declined to take his seat in the Landtag following the election and was replaced by Josef Anton Amann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025807-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Liverpool Town Council election\nElections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Monday 1 November 1875. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years. Eleven of the sixteen wards were uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025807-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Liverpool Town Council election, Election result\nBecause of the large number of uncontested seats, these statistics should be taken in that context.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025807-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 16, North Toxteth, 6 November 1875\nCaused by the death of Alderman Charles Turner MP which was reported to the Council on 25 October 1875. This position was filled by the election of Councillor Joseph Harrison (Conservative, North Toxteth, elected 1 November 1873) as an alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 90], "content_span": [91, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025807-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic Election, 22 May 1876\nThe death of the Mayor, Alderman Peter Thompson was reported to the Council on 22 May 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 84], "content_span": [85, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025807-0004-0000", "contents": "1875 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic Election, 22 May 1876\nFormer Councillor Andrew Boyd (Conservative, Rodney Street, last elected 24th September 1875 to 1 November 1875) was elected as an alderman by the Council (Councillors and Aldermen) on 22 May 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 84], "content_span": [85, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025807-0005-0000", "contents": "1875 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 14, West Derby, 3 August 1876\nCouncillor Edward Samuelson (Conservative, West Derby, elected 1 November 1874) was elected as an alderman by the Council (Councillors and Aldermen) on 19 July 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025807-0006-0000", "contents": "1875 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 3, Vauxhall, 6 September 1876\nCaused by the death of Councillor James Whitty which was reported to the Council on 4 October 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025808-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1875 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 13, 1875. Republican candidate Seldon Connor defeated the Democratic candidate Charles W. Roberts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025809-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Maltese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Malta between 1 and 4 December 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025809-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Maltese general election, Background\nThe elections were held under the 1849 constitution, which provided for an 18-member Government Council, of which ten members would be appointed and eight elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025809-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Maltese general election, Results\nA total of 2,570 people were registered to vote, of which 2,047 cast votes, giving a turnout of 80%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025810-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Maryland gubernatorial election\nThe 1875 Maryland gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025810-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Maryland gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor James Black Groome did not seek re-election, having withdrawn his name from consideration prior to the Democratic state convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025810-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Maryland gubernatorial election\nDemocratic candidate John Lee Carroll defeated Republican candidate James Morrison Harris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025811-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1875 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1875. Incumbent Democratic Governor William Gaston ran for re-election to a second term in office, but was defeated by Republican Alexander H. Rice, a former U.S. Representative and Mayor of Boston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025812-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 96th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1875 during the governorship of William Gaston. George B. Loring served as president of the Senate and John E. Sanford served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025812-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Massachusetts legislature\nNotable legislation included an \"Act To Provide For The Supervision Of The Construction And Maintenance Of Reservoirs And Dams.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025813-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Meath by-election\nThe Meath by-election of 1875 was fought on 17 April 1875. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, John Martin. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Charles Stewart Parnell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025814-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Mid Surrey by-election\nThe Mid Surrey by-election of 1875 was fought on 24 November 1875. The byelection was fought due to the resignation (Justice of the Court of Appeal) of the incumbent Conservative MP, Richard Baggallay. It was won by the Conservative candidate Sir Trevor Lawrence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025815-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1875 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1875 to elect the governor of Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025816-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 NYU Violets football team\nThe 1875 NYU Violets football team represented New York University in the 1875 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025817-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 New Haven Elm Citys season\nThe New Haven Elm Citys played in their first and only season in  1875 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished eighth in the league with a record of 7-40. The team and league folded at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025817-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 New Haven Elm Citys season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025818-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 New York Mutuals season\nThe New York Mutuals baseball team finished sixth in the  National Association in 1875. The league folded after this season and the Mutuals joined the new National League in 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025818-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025819-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 New York state election\nThe 1875 New York state election was held on November 2, 1875, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025819-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on September 8 at Saratoga, New York. Frederick W. Seward was nominated for Secretary of State by acclamation. Francis E. Spinner was nominated for Comptroller on the first ballot (vote: Spinner: 259, A. S. Diven 49, Edwin D. Morgan 36, W. W. Palmer 23, E. B. Judson 18, Calvin T. Hulburd 4, Francis C. Barlow 3). Edwin A. Merritt was nominated for Treasurer by acclamation. George F. Danforth was nominated for Attorney General on the first ballot (vote: Danforth 258, L. B. Prince 149). Oliver H. P. Cornell was nominated for State Engineer on the first ballot (vote: Cornell 301, Joseph N. Green 71, Charles H. Fisher 12, George Geddes 1). William T. Tinsley for Canal Commissioner, and Benoni I. Ives for Prison Inspector, were nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 831]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025819-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on September 16 and 17 at Syracuse, New York. John Bigelow, a Republican, was proposed by DeWitt Clinton Littlejohn for Secretary of State, and was nominated by acclamation. Ex-Comptroller Lucius Robinson (in office 1862-1865) was re-nominated by acclamation. Charles S. Fairchild was nominated for Attorney General during the first ballot. Charles N. Ross was nominated for Treasurer on the first ballot. John D. Van Buren, Jr. was nominated for State Engineer by acclamation. Christopher A. Walrath for Canal Commissioner, and Rodney R. Crowley for Prison Inspector, were then nominated amid great noise and confusion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025819-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 New York state election, Results\n20 Republicans and 12 Democrats were elected to a two-year term (1876\u201377) in the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025819-0004-0000", "contents": "1875 New York state election, Results\n72 Republicans and 56 Democrats were elected for the session of 1876 to the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025820-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1875 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 12, 1875. Republican nominee Rutherford B. Hayes defeated Democratic incumbent William Allen with 50.25% of the vote. Hayes had previously served as Governor from 1868 to 1872, when he beat Allen's nephew Allen G. Thurman in his initial election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025821-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Ontario general election\nThe 1875 Ontario general election was the third general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on January 18, 1875, to elect the 88 Members of the 3rd Legislative Assembly of Ontario (\"MLAs\").", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025821-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Liberal Party, led by Oliver Mowat, increased its majority in the Legislature for its second term in government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025821-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Conservative Party, led by Matthew Crooks Cameron lost four of its seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025821-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Ontario general election, Results\nThis was the first election in which paper ballots were used. Previously, votes were cast by public declaration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025822-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Open Championship\nThe 1875 Open Championship was the 15th Open Championship, held 10 September at Prestwick Golf Club in Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Willie Park, Sr. won the Championship by two strokes from runner-up Bob Martin. Willie Park, who had won the first Championship in 1860, equalled Tom Morris, Jr.'s record of four Championship wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025822-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Open Championship\nTom Morris, Jr. and his father, Tom Morris, Sr., were both absent following the death, six days earlier, of Young Tom Morris's wife during child-birth. Young Tom Morris himself died later the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025822-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Open Championship\nPlay started at 11:30 a.m. and just 18 players contested the Championship. All the leading players were in the early pairings. Willie Park, in the first group, and Bob Martin, in the third group, led after the first round with scores of 60. After the second round Bob Martin and Bob Ferguson led in 114 but a number of players were close behind with Willie Park on 115 and Mungo Park on 116.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025822-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Open Championship\nIn the final round Willie Park \"played a fine game\" and scored 51, the best round of the day. Bob Martin came second with defending champion Mungo Park third and Bob Ferguson fourth after a 58.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025823-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Paterson colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Paterson on 18 March 1875 caused by the death of William Arnold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025824-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election\nThe 1875 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on November 2, 1875. Incumbent governor John F. Hartranft, a Republican, was a candidate for re-election. Hartranft defeated Democratic candidate Cyrus L. Pershing to win another term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025825-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1875 Athletic Baseball Club of Philadelphia finished in second place in the National Association with a record of 53-20. The team played one game in Dover, Delaware, during the season, and otherwise played its home games at Fairview Park Fair Grounds. The National Association folded after this season, and the Athletics joined the new National League for the 1876 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025825-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025825-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025825-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025825-0004-0000", "contents": "1875 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025826-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Philadelphia Centennials season\nThe Philadelphia Centennials played their first and only season of professional baseball in 1875 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished eleventh in the league with a record of 2-12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025826-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Philadelphia Centennials season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 59], "content_span": [60, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025827-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Philadelphia White Stockings season\nThe Philadelphia White Stockings played in 1875 as a member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. The press of that time generally referred to them as the Philadelphia Whites, or the Philadelphia Club. The team finished fifth in the league in 1875, with a record of 37-31. Among their players that season was Tim Murnane, spelled \"Murnan\" by many newspapers (for example, \"...yesterday the Whites won the toss and placed their men in position, with the Philadelphias represented by Murnan at the bat.\" \"Sporting News,\" Chicago Inter Ocean, June 23, 1875, p.\u00a05). The team and league folded at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025827-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Philadelphia White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025828-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1875 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1875 college football season. The team finished with a 2\u20130 record. Collins Denny, who later became a notable clergyman and professor of philosophy, was captain of the 1875 team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025828-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Princeton Tigers football team\nOn November 13, Princeton defeated Columbia by a 6\u20132 score. The New York Herald wrote: \"The contest was short, sharp and decisive and attracted a considerable crowd.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025828-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe team was retroactively named national champion by the Billingsley Report and as co-national champion (along with Harvard and Columbia) by Parke H. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025828-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Princeton Tigers football team\nThis season marked the last of four consecutive national championships, and one of 11 in a 13-year period between 1869 and 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election\nThe 1875 Quebec general election was held on July 7, 1875 to elect members of the 3rd Legislative Assembly for the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Quebec Conservative Party, led by Charles-Eug\u00e8ne Boucher de Boucherville, defeated the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbini\u00e8re.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election\nThe election was the first one held under the new Quebec Elections Act, passed by the de Boucherville government to replace the pre-Confederation elections law. The new law provided for the secret ballot in Quebec elections for the first time. Under the pre-Confederation elections law, each voter had been required to publicly declare their vote to the elections officials, a form of open ballotting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election, Franchise and qualification, Right to vote\nThe right to vote in elections to the Legislative Assembly was not universal. Only male British subjects (by birth or naturalisation), aged 21 or older, were eligible to vote, and only if they met a property qualification. For residents of larger cities, the qualification was being the owner or occupant of real property assessed at three hundred dollars or more, or for tenants, an annual rent of thirty dollars or more. For any other municipality, the qualification was being an owner or occupant of real property assessed at two hundred dollars or more, or twenty dollars in annual value. For tenants in smaller centers, the qualification was paying an annual rent of twenty dollars or more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 72], "content_span": [73, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election, Franchise and qualification, Right to vote\nJudges and many municipal and provincial officials were also barred from voting, particularly officials with law enforcement duties, or duties relating to public revenue. The Returning Officer in each riding was also barred from voting, except when needed to give a casting vote in the event of a tie vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 72], "content_span": [73, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0004-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election, Franchise and qualification, Qualification for the Legislative Assembly\nCandidates for election to the Legislative Assembly had to meet stricter qualifications than voters. To stand for election, a candidate had to", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 101], "content_span": [102, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0005-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election, Electoral map\nThe Legislative Assembly was composed of sixty-five single-member constituencies or \"ridings\". The 1875 election was conducted under the pre-Confederation electoral map of the former Province of Canada. That map had set the boundaries for the sixty-five constituencies of Canada East, which became Quebec. The British North America Act, 1867 provided that the pre-Confederation electoral map would continue to be used for Quebec elections until altered by the Legislature of Quebec. The map of the sixty-five constituencies was also to be used in federal elections, until altered by Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 43], "content_span": [44, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0006-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, New election law\nThe election was the first election conducted under The Quebec Election Act, a completely new election law passed by the Quebec Legislature. The new Act replaced the pre-Confederation election law, which had been continued in use for the first two elections, in 1867 and 1871. Two significant changes under the new law were the introduction of the secret ballot, and a requirement that all constituencies vote on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0007-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Secret ballot\nThe 1875 election for the Legislative Assembly was the first time the secret ballot was used in Quebec. Under the pre-Confederation law used in the first two general elections, voting had been by open ballotting, where voters publicly declared their vote to the polling officials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0008-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Preparation of voter lists\nThe Act required that each municipality prepare a voter list in March of each year, based on the valuation of property and ownership used for the tax rolls. The list was drawn up the secretary-treasurer of each municipality. The municipal council then reviewed the list and could make corrections to it. Once approved by the municipal council, the list was in force until the preparation of the list in the next year. Any person who was dissatisfied by their inclusion or exclusion from the list could appeal to the local judge of the superior court or district magistrate, whose decision on the issue was final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0009-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Procedure for the election\nThe election began with a proclamation issued by the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec, setting the date for nomination of candidates. The date was the same for all constituencies. The provincial Clerk of the Crown in Chancery then issued sixty-five writs, directed to the Returning Officer for each constituency, directing them to conduct the election. The Returning Officer would be the registrar or sheriff of the constituency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0010-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Procedure for the election\nOn the date set for nominations, the Returning Officer would hold a public meeting to receive nominations. The meeting was conducted at the most central and convenient location in the constituency, in a court house, city hall or registry office, between noon and one o'clock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0011-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Procedure for the election\nTo be nominated, a candidate had to file a nomination paper with the Returning Officer, signed by at least twenty-five supporters eligible to vote in the constituency, and accompanied with a deposit of $200. The nomination paper and deposit had to be filed on or before the nomination meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0012-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Procedure for the election\nIf only one nomination was received, the Returning Officer would declare that person to be elected, and immediately report the result to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery with the return of the writ. If two or more candidates were nominated, voting would occur one week after the nomination date set in the writ. The Returning Officer would establish polling stations throughout the constituency. On polling day, the polls would open in each station and voters would cast their ballots in the locked ballot box.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0012-0001", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Procedure for the election\nWhen the polls closed, the deputy returning officers would unlock the ballot box, count the ballots in the presence of the candidates or their agents, and prepare a record of the vote. The deputy returning officer would then place all of the records and ballots in the ballot box, lock it, and deliver the ballot box to the Returning Officer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0013-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Procedure for the election\nOnce all the ballot boxes were received, the Returning Officer would open all the ballot boxes in the presence of witnesses and total the votes from each polling station. The Returning Officer would declare the candidate with the most votes elected. If there was a tie between the top two candidates, the Returning Officer was required to give a written casting vote immediately to decide the election. In no other circumstances could the Returning Officer vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0014-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Procedure for the election\nThe Returning Officer would then prepare a complete report of the results of the election, along with his return of the writ, and forward it all to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025829-0015-0000", "contents": "1875 Quebec general election, Results\nThe election resulted in a Conservative victory. The Conservatives were maintained in office with a strong majority, although a somewhat reduced seat count. The Liberals held steady with nineteen seats, the same as in the 1871 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025830-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Rangitikei by-election\nThe 1875 Rangitikei by-election was a by-election held on 24 April 1875 during the 5th New Zealand Parliament in the Rangitikei electorate on the West Coast of the North Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025830-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Rangitikei by-election\nThe by-election was held because of the resignation of sitting member of parliament and previous Premier William Fox on 11 March 1875 in order to pay an extended visit to England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025830-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Rangitikei by-election\nThis election saw John Ballance narrowly win the seat by just seven votes over his main opponent, William Hogg Watt who had represented the Rangitikei electorate from 1866 to 1868 when he resigned. Conservative George Hutchison also ran. He was the son of William Hutchison a former Mayor of Wellington and Member of Parliament, though performed poorly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025831-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1875 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1875 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 1\u20131\u20131 record and outscored their opponents 8 to 5. The team had no coach, and its captain was Peter H. Miliken.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025832-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1875 Scottish Cup Final was the second final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1874\u201375 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The match took place at Hampden Park on 10 April 1875 and was contested by Queen's Park and Renton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025832-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Scottish Cup Final\nQueen's Park won the match 3\u20130 with goals from Angus MacKinnon, Thomas Highet and Billy MacKinnon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025832-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nFor defending champions Queen's Park, this was their second consecutive appearance in the final following the creation of the competition the previous season. Renton reached the final for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025832-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nThe teams had met in the Scottish Cup once before. In the 1873\u201374 semi-final, Queen's Park beat Renton 2\u20130 at Hampden Park on 13 December 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025832-0004-0000", "contents": "1875 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final\nBoth clubs entered the competition in the first round. Neither club won all its matches before the final at the first attempt. Queen's Park needed two replays in the semi-final to eliminate Clydesdale, the team they defeated in the previous final. Renton also required a replay at the semi-final stage to see off Dumbarton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025832-0005-0000", "contents": "1875 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Queen's Park\nQueen's Park began their defence of the cup in the first round on 24 October 1874. In the competition's early years, the first few rounds were regionalised so Queen's had been drawn away to fellow Glasgow club Western and, in a tightly contested match, they won 1\u20130 at Regent's Park. The second round saw a home tie with West End which was a much easier tie for the defending champions who equalled the tournament record for the largest margin of victory as they won 7\u20130 at Hampden Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025832-0005-0001", "contents": "1875 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Queen's Park\nThey then didn't play a match in the quarter-finals as their opponents Rovers, who hadn't played a match in the tournament following a walkover against Hamilton in the first round and a bye in the second round, scratched from the tie meaning Queen's Park advanced to the semi-finals. This set up a replay of the 1874 final against Clydesdale. The first match at Clydesdale's Kinning Park finished scoreless on 20 March 1875 and the replay a week later at Hampden Park also ended in a draw. However, in the second replay on 3 April, the stalemate was finally broken as Queen's Park won 1\u20130 to reach the final for the second year running.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025832-0006-0000", "contents": "1875 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Renton\nAfter receiving a walkover against Glasgow side Blythswood in the first round, Renton faced fellow Dunbartonshire club Helensburgh. The exact date of the match is unknown, however, it was played in Renton sometime between 21 and 28 November 1874 and the home side won 2\u20130. Renton were then involved in one of just two quarter-final matches as they defeated the Glasgow side Eastern 1\u20130 at home on Boxing Day. In the semi-finals, they face Dunbartonshire rivals Dumbarton. The first match, played in Renton, finished in a 1\u20131 draw before Renton eliminated their rivals with a 1\u20130 away win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025832-0007-0000", "contents": "1875 Scottish Cup Final, Match, Report\nRenton won the toss and elected to play with the slight breeze to their backs. In the first half, Queen's Park soaked up pressure from a Renton side who elected to play the ball long and tackle hard. Despite this, they were unable to breakdown Queen's Park who created chances for Jamie Weir, Harry McNeil and Tom Highet. However, referee A. Campbell ended the half with the game scoreless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025832-0008-0000", "contents": "1875 Scottish Cup Final, Match, Report\nAfter the interval, a change of ends saw the wind now in Renton's faces. Queen's Park were on the front foot but couldn't find a breakthrough and the spectators had to wait until the last 15 minutes for the three goals. Angus MacKinnon opened the scoring from a Weir corner before, five minutes later, McNeil ran forward and set up Highet for 2\u20130. Shortly before full time, Billy McKinnon sealed the win with a fine shot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025832-0009-0000", "contents": "1875 Scottish Cup Final, Match, Report\nEdinburgh newspaper The Scotsman reported after the game that the match was \"an exceptionally rough one\" with \"charging which seems to be the speciality of the Renton men\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025833-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 South Australian colonial election\nColonial elections were held in South Australia from 10 February to 1 March 1875. All 46 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025833-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 South Australian colonial election\nSince the inaugural 1857 election, no parties or solid groupings had been formed, which resulted in frequent changes of the Premier. If for any reason the incumbent Premier of South Australia lost sufficient support through a successful motion of no confidence at any time on the floor of the house, he would tender his resignation to the Governor of South Australia, which would result in interested members declaring their intent to run for the vacant position. A parliamentary ballot would then take place, resulting in the member with the most votes being sworn in by the Governor as the next Premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025833-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 South Australian colonial election\nInformal groupings began and increased government stability occurred from the 1887 election. The United Labor Party would be formed in 1891, while the National Defence League would be formed later in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025834-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 South Australian football season\nThe 1875 South Australian football season was the thirteenth year of interclub football in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025834-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 South Australian football season, Metropolitan Football Matches, August 28\nThis match  was a de facto premiership playoff: as it was drawn, Kensington won the premiership over Victorian on head-to-head records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 79], "content_span": [80, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025834-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 South Australian football season, Ladder\nIn the table below, Senior Results is based only upon games played against senior clubs; the record listed under W-L-D is the record over all matches, including those against country and junior teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025835-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 South West Lancashire by-election\nThe South West Lancashire by-election of 1875 was fought on 6 November 1875. The by-election in the South West Lancashire was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Charles Turner's death. The Conservative candidate John Ireland Blackburne won the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025836-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 St Ives by-election\nThe St Ives by-election of 1875 was fought on 5 March 1875. The by-election was caused by the previous by-election being declared void on petition, on grounds of \"general treating\". It was retained by Conservative MP, Charles Praed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025837-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 St. Louis Brown Stockings season\nThe St. Louis Brown Stockings were a new franchise that joined the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players for the 1875 season and finished the season in fourth place. They subsequently joined the new National League for the 1876 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025837-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 60], "content_span": [61, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025838-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 St. Louis Red Stockings season\nThe St. Louis Red Stockings played their first and only season of professional baseball in 1875 as a member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished tenth in the league with a record of 4-15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025838-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 St. Louis Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025839-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 State of the Union Address\nThe 1875 State of the Union Address was given by Ulysses S. Grant, the 18th president of the United States on Tuesday, December 7, 1875. It was written by him, but not presented to the 44th United States Congress by him. He said, \"In submitting my seventh annual message to Congress, in this centennial year of our national existence as a free and independent people, it affords me great pleasure to recur to the advancement that has been made from the time of the colonies, one hundred years ago. We were then a people numbering only 3,000,000. Now we number more than 40,000,000. Then industries were confined almost exclusively to the tillage of the soil. Now manufactories absorb much of the labor of the country.\" The Industrial Revolution had begun.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025840-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Stevens football team\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Jweiss11 (talk | contribs) at 01:17, 10 September 2020 (cleanup infobox and lead). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025840-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Stevens football team\nThe 1875 Stevens football team represented Stevens Institute of Technology in the 1875 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025841-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Stroud by-election\nThe Stroud by-election of 1875 was fought on 19 February 1875. The byelection was fought due to the election of the incumbent Liberal MP, Henry Brand being voided on petition. It was won by the Liberal candidate Samuel Marling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025842-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Swedish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sweden in 1875 to elect the Second Chamber of the Riksdag for a three-year term. Following the elections, the Lantmanna Party remained the largest party, holding 92 of the 198 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025842-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Swedish general election, Electoral system\nSuffrage was given to men over the age of 21 who either had a taxable income of at least 800 krona a year, owned a property worth at least 1,000 krona, or rented a property taxed to at least 6,000 krona. Of a total population of 4.4 million, only 255,552 people (5.8%) were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025842-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Swedish general election, Electoral system\nThe Second Chamber had one representative from every Domsaga (or two for Domsaga with a population over 40,000) and one representative for every 10,000 residents of a town (with smaller towns merged into combined constituencies). Candidates were required to be at least 25 years old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025842-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Swedish general election, Electoral system\nDirect elections were held in 23 of the 24 urban constituencies and 67 of the 138 rural constituencies, an increase of eight constituencies using direct elections. In the other 72 constituencies, the elections were indirect and carried out using electors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025843-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Swiss federal election\nFederal elections were held in Switzerland on 31 October 1875. The Radical Left remained the largest group in the National Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025843-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Swiss federal election, Electoral system\nThe 135 members of the National Council were elected in 48 single- and multi-member constituencies using a three-round system. Candidates had to receive a majority in the first or second round to be elected; if it went to a third round, only a plurality was required. Voters could cast as many votes as there were seats in their constituency. There was one seat for every 20,000 citizens, with seats allocated to cantons in proportion to their population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025843-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Swiss federal election, Results, National Council, Summary\nVoter turnout was highest in Aargau at 85.6% (higher than the 73.7% who voted in Schaffhausen, where voting was compulsory) and lowest in Zug at 31.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025844-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Swiss referendum\nA two-part referendum was held in Switzerland on 23 May 1875. A new federal law establishing and certifying civil status and marriage was narrowly approved, whilst a new federal law on suffrage was narrowly rejected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025844-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Swiss referendum, Background\nThis was the first optional referendum held in the country, as all previous referendums had been mandatory referendums. Whilst obligatory referendums required both a majority of voters and a majority of cantons in favour, optional referendums required only a majority of the public vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025845-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1875 were elections for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred on September 7, 1875. Democrats gained two districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025845-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results\nFinal results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [69, 76], "content_span": [77, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025846-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 United States Senate election in New York\nThe 1875 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 19 and 20, 1875, by the New York State Legislature. The legislature, with a Republican Senate and Democratic Assembly, jointly elected Democrat Francis Kernan Senator. Kernan became the first Democrat to represent New York since 1851.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025846-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nRepublican Reuben E. Fenton had been elected in January 1869 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025846-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nAt the State election in November 1873, a Republican majority was elected for a two-year term (1874-1875) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1874, Democrat Samuel J. Tilden was elected Governor, 75 Democrats and 53 Republicans were elected for the session of 1875 to the Assembly, and Democrat Albert P. Laning was elected in the 31st District to fill a vacancy in the State Senate. The 98th New York State Legislature met from January 5 to May 19, 1875, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025846-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Democratic caucus\nThe caucus of Democratic State legislators met on January 15, State Senator Albert P. Laning, of Buffalo, presided. All but one of the legislators were present, only Assemblyman John M. Roscoe, of Schoharie County, was sick. The caucus nominated Francis Kernan for the U.S. Senate. Kernan had been the Democratic/Liberal Republican candidate for Governor in November 1872 but had been defeated by John Adams Dix. Now Kernan was the choice of Tammany boss John Kelly who had succeeded the corrupt William M. Tweed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025846-0003-0001", "contents": "1875 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Democratic caucus\nKelly was opposed by John C. Jacobs, who proposed Ex-State Senator Henry C. Murphy, Jacobs's predecessor from the 3rd District, and the Democratic candidate who had lost the U.S. Senate elections in 1867 and 1869 when the Democrats were the minority. Kelly stood firm in his intention to dominate the Democratic Party, and had the caucus nomination made by viva voce vote instead of the more traditional secret ballot. Jacobs and Murphy had expected to get votes from many legislators who would not dare to cross Kelly openly, but had to abandon their hopes when the secret ballot was voted down 74 to 13.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025846-0004-0000", "contents": "1875 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus\nThe caucus of the Republican State legislators nominated Ex-U.S. Senator from New York Edwin D. Morgan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025846-0005-0000", "contents": "1875 United States Senate election in New York, Election\nOn January 19, the Democratic majority of the Assembly nominated Francis Kernan, and the Republican majority of the State Senate nominated Ex-U.S. Senator Edwin D. Morgan. On January 20, both Houses met in joint session to compare nominations, and finding that they disagreed, proceeded to a joint ballot. Francis Kernan was elected, the first Democratic U.S. Senator from New York since 1851 when Daniel S. Dickinson left office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025846-0006-0000", "contents": "1875 United States Senate election in New York, Result\nNote: The vote for Ex-Governor of New York Hoffman was cast by Reuben E. Fenton's brother-in-law Samuel Scudder, a Democratic Assemblyman from Cattaraugus County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025846-0007-0000", "contents": "1875 United States Senate election in New York, Aftermath\nKernan served one term, and remained in office until March 3, 1881. In January 1881, he was nominated by the Democratic caucus for re-election, but was defeated by Republican Thomas C. Platt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025847-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1875 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on January 19, 1875. William A. Wallace was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025847-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results\nThe Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 19, 1875, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1875. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 59], "content_span": [60, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025848-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Victorian football season\nThe 1875 Victorian football season was an Australian rules football competition played during the winter of 1875. The season consisted of matches between metropolitan and provincial football clubs in the colony of Victoria. The premier metropolitan club was Carlton, and the premier provincial club was Geelong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025848-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Victorian football season, 1875 premiership\nSeven metropolitan clubs participated in senior football during the 1875 season: Albert-park, Carlton, Carlton Imperial, East Melbourne, Melbourne, North Melbourne and St Kilda cum University, a combined team from St Kilda and Melbourne University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025848-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Victorian football season, 1875 premiership\nAs had been the case for several years, Carlton and Melbourne were considered the dominant clubs in the city, so the premier club was decided based entirely on the head-to-head record between the clubs; in their four meetings, Carlton won three and Melbourne won one, so Carlton was recognised as the premier club for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025848-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Victorian football season, 1875 premiership, Club senior records\nThe below table is set of results for senior clubs during the 1875 season. The list shows the record across all matches, including senior, junior and intercolonial matches. The clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Australasian newspaper. Other than announcing the top three place-getters, there was no formal process by which the clubs were ranked, so the below order should be considered indicative only, particularly since the fixturing of matches was not standardised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 69], "content_span": [70, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025849-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Waikouaiti by-election\nThe 1875 Waikouaiti by-election was a by-election held on 3 May 1875 in the Waikouaiti electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025849-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Waikouaiti by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP John Lillie Gillies. The by-election was won by George McLean, who had represented the electorate in 1871\u201372. He was opposed by Francis Rich who had previously represented the electorate in 1869\u201370.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025850-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Wairau by-election\nThe 21 June 1875 Wairau by-election was a by-election held in the Wairau electorate in the Marlborough Province during the 5th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP Arthur Seymour and was won by Joseph Ward, who defeated William Sefton Moorhouse. Ward was a well-known politician in Marlborough. Moorhouse had political seniority over Ward and was at the time Mayor of Wellington, but had no personal connection to Marlborough.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025850-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Wairau by-election, Background, Arthur Seymour\nArthur Seymour was a prominent politician in the Marlborough Province. Seymour was a member of the Marlborough Provincial Council almost continuously during its existence from 1860 to 1876. He was the leader of the Picton Party that managed to have the provincial buildings for Marlborough built in Picton instead of Blenheim. Seymour was Superintendent of Marlborough in 1864 and 1865, and when he was succeeded by William Henry Eyes, the capital seat was moved to Blenheim. The reason for Seymour's 1865 resignation was his appointment to the Legislative Council. Seymour in turn resigned from the Legislative Council in 1872 so that he could contest the 1872 Wairau by-election caused by Eyes' resignation from the House of Representatives; Seymour won the election. In 1870, Seymour had commenced his second period as Superintendent for Marlborough Province.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 914]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025850-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Wairau by-election, Background, Arthur Seymour\nSeymour resigned from the House of Representatives in May 1875 to visit England, mainly to see his ailing father while he (his father) was still alive. Seymour informed the public at a meeting on 6 May that he had resigned from Parliament. Seymour stated that he would offer himself as a parliamentary candidate upon his return, and the meeting endorsed this intention. It was the first time that a Superintendent who visited England did not resign that role. Ward was present at Seymour's meeting at after Seymour had spoken, Ward announced his candidacy for the upcoming by-election. Just as Ward finished his speech, Moorhouse walked into the meeting and addressed those present for an hour, also announcing his candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025850-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Wairau by-election, Background, Joseph Ward\nJoseph Ward was a surveyor by trade, and he became a significant runholder who at one point had 50,000 sheep. He joined provincial politics in 1853 when the provinces were set up. For the first five years, he represented the Wairau electorate in the Nelson Provincial Council. The Marlborough Province split off from Nelson, Ward was elected onto the Marlborough Provincial Council and had continuous representation until the abolition of the provincial system in 1876. Ward also contested the 1872 Wairau by-election, but he lost against Seymour. For both Ward and Seymour, this had been their first attempt of getting elected to the House of Representatives. Seymour supported Ward's candidacy and asked the electors to support Ward and not \"a stranger\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 48], "content_span": [49, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025850-0004-0000", "contents": "1875 Wairau by-election, Background, William Sefton Moorhouse\nWilliam Sefton Moorhouse was a senior politician who had held many important roles, but he had no connection with Marlborough. Moorhouse was a member of the 1st New Zealand Parliament, and by 1875, he had represented five different electorates in Canterbury and on the West Coast. Moorhouse had twice been Superintendent of Canterbury Province and had the Lyttelton Rail Tunnel built, something that he stressed to the Wairau electors, who were keen for the railway to finally reach Blenheim.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 61], "content_span": [62, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025850-0004-0001", "contents": "1875 Wairau by-election, Background, William Sefton Moorhouse\nMoorhouse, who was in ongoing financial difficulty, had not contested the 1871 election, but had instead taken the job of registrar in the Crown Lands Department in Wellington, and he was made registrar general shortly afterwards. At the end of 1874, he won election as Mayor of Wellington, a role that he still held when he announced himself a candidate for the Wairau by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 61], "content_span": [62, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025850-0005-0000", "contents": "1875 Wairau by-election, Results\nFour polling booths were provided in the Wairau electorate, and 283 votes were cast. Both candidates won two of the booths, but they had significantly different voter bases. Seymour won the election with a majority of 39 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025850-0006-0000", "contents": "1875 Wairau by-election, Results\nDuring his absence, Seymour remained in contact with Marlborough via letters and telegrams. He intended to leave for New Zealand again in October 1875, but the ship was cancelled and his journey delayed by several weeks. Meanwhile, the 1876 election was approaching and an election committee formed for Seymour. Meanwhile, George Henderson, a former Mayor of Blenheim, became a candidate in the Wairau electorate whilst Ward announced that he would stand in the Cheviot electorate instead. After further delays, Seymour finally arrived in Blenheim on 14 January 1876 to a welcome function, just two weeks prior to the election. Seymour won the election in the Wairau electorate with 201 votes to 179 for Henderson. Ward was beaten in the Cheviot electorate by Leonard Harper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025851-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Wallace by-election\nThe 1875 Wallace by-election was a by-election held  on 6 August in the Wallace electorate in Southland during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025851-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Wallace by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death of incumbent MP George Webster on 15 July 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025851-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Wallace by-election\nThe seat was won by Christopher Basstian. The other nominees were Captain Robert Cameron of Winton and Dr Monckton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025852-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Washington Nationals season\nThe Washington Nationals played their first and only season of professional baseball in 1875 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished ninth in the league with a record of 4-23. It is uncertain if this team is related to the 1872 team of the same name or other Washington-based teams of the era. The National Association folded after the completion of the 1875 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025852-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025853-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Wellington City mayoral election\nThe 1875 Wellington City mayoral election was the second election for the Mayor of Wellington held by public vote. The election was won by William Hutchison, who beat William Gisborne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025853-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Wellington City mayoral election, Background\nInitially, councillors elected one of their own as mayor towards the end of the year, and the role was usually awarded to the most senior councillor. The system changed with the introduction of The Municipal Corporations Acts Amendment Act, 1875, as that legislation stipulated that mayors had to be elected at large (i.e. by eligible voters).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025853-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Wellington City mayoral election, Background\nThe incumbent mayor, William Sefton Moorhouse, did not stand again, and a farewell dinner was given for him on 1 December. William Gisborne was a strong candidate for the role, but he fell out with the public over him favouring denominational education. In addition, he then announced himself as a candidate for the 1875 general election in the City of Wellington electorate, and that triggered a concerted effort to find a suitable opponent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025853-0002-0001", "contents": "1875 Wellington City mayoral election, Background\nA 'less than optimal' candidate was eventually secured in William Hutchison, who had been in Wellington for less than two years, and whose newspaper, the Tribune, had failed during that time. One of the local newspapers, The Evening Post, was a very strong supporter of Gisborne, and lost no opportunity to outline the failings of Hutchison to the public.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025853-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Wellington City mayoral election, Election results\nThe election was held on 15 December. Hutchison beat Gisborne, and The Evening Post commented that this came as no surprise as Gisborne's stance on education had been misrepresented and twisted without scruple. The defeat caused Gisborne to withdraw from the general election. In December 1876, Hutchison was re-elected unopposed for a second term as mayor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025854-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Wesleyan Methodists football team\nThe 1875 Wesleyan Methodists football team represented Wesleyan University during the 1875 college football season. The team lost its only game to Yale. They lost 6\u20130 in a 20-per-side game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025855-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Whitehaven by-election\nThe Whitehaven by-election of 1875 was fought on 16 December 1875. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, George Cavendish-Bentinck, becoming Judge Advocate General. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025856-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1875 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1875. Republican Party candidate Harrison Ludington was elected with 50% of the vote, narrowly defeating incumbent Democratic Governor William Robert Taylor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025856-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nTaylor was once again nominated as the consensus candidate of the \"Reform Party,\"\u2014a coalition of Democrats, Liberal Republicans, and Grangers. He was opposed by Ludington, who disagreed with the regulations placed on railroads and in turn received the support of railroad companies. The reelection defeat of Taylor prompted the dissolution of the Reform coalition, with the Grangers standing their own candidate under the Greenback Party in the following election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025856-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Democratic (Reform) Party\nWilliam Robert Taylor was the incumbent Governor of Wisconsin, having been elected in the 1873 election. Previously, he had served as Trustee for the State Hospital of the Insane, the President of the state agriculture society, had been chairman of the Cottage Grove town board, and the Dane County board of supervisors, and had been a member of the Wisconsin State Senate and Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025856-0003-0000", "contents": "1875 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Republican Party\nHarrison Ludington, at the time of the 1875 election, served as Mayor of Milwaukee. Previously he had been elected as a Milwaukee alderman for two terms, having been a businessman working in merchandising, lumber and construction until then.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025857-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1875 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1875 college football season. The Bulldogs finished with a 2\u20132 record. The team won games against Rutgers and Wesleyan and lost to Harvard and Columbia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025858-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 college football season\nThe 1875 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Columbia, Harvard, and Princeton as having been selected national champions. Only Princeton claims a national championship for this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025860-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1875 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025861-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025864-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in Canada, Historical documents\nNow in Opposition, J.A. Macdonald and Charles Tupper criticize the Liberal government", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025864-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 in Canada, Historical documents\nRev. George Bryce details Presbyterian Church's \"heathen\" mission work among 80,000 Indigenous people in North-West Territories", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025865-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1875 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025868-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in Ecuador\nThis article contains a partial list of notable events occurring in the year 1875 in Ecuador.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025873-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in Michigan, Population\nIn the 1870 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 1,184,059. By 1880, Michigan's population had increased by 38.2% to 1,636,937.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025873-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 in Michigan, Population, Cities\nThe following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 5,000 based on 1870 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1860 and 1880 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Where available, figures from the 1874 Michigan state census are also included", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025873-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 in Michigan, Population, Counties\nThe following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 30,000 based on 1870 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1860 and 1880 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025874-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1875 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025874-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nThe 1875 general election begins on 29 December but does not finish until 4 January the following year. The election marks the end of the 5th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025874-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 in New Zealand, Sport, Athletics\nThe first club in the country, the Wellington Amateur Athletic Club, holds its first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025876-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in Portugal\nEvents in the year 1875 in Portugal. There were 455,000 registered voters in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025879-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in Siam\nThe year 1875 was the 94th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam (now known as Thailand). It was the eighth year in the reign of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025880-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1875 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025880-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 in South Africa, Railways, Locomotives\nThree new 3\u00a0ft\u00a06\u00a0in (1,067\u00a0mm) Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the Cape Government Railways (CGR):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025883-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1875 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025887-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in association football\nThe following are events in 1875 which are relevant to the development of association football. Included are events in closely related codes, such as the Sheffield Rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025888-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1875  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025889-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in birding and ornithology\nBirds described in 1875 include the Anjouan sparrowhawk, Caucasian grouse, Nelson's sparrow, yellow-capped pygmy parrot, red-tailed shrike, spotted catbird, spectacled barwing, tit berrypecker, bridled honeyeater and Taczanowski's tinamou.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025890-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025892-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025893-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025893-0001-0000", "contents": "1875 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025893-0002-0000", "contents": "1875 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025894-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025895-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in science\nThe year 1875 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025896-0000-0000", "contents": "1875 in sports\n1857 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025899-0000-0000", "contents": "1875\u20131876 New Zealand general election\nThe New Zealand general election of 1875\u20131876 was held between 20 December 1875 and 29 January 1876 to elect a total of 88 MPs in 73 electorates to the 6th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The M\u0101ori vote was held on 4 and 15 January 1876. A total of 56,471 voters were registered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025899-0001-0000", "contents": "1875\u20131876 New Zealand general election, Background\nPolitical parties had not been established yet; this only happened after the 1890 election. The previous parliament had 78 representatives from 72 electorates. In October 1875, Parliament passed the Representation Act 1875,  and resolved to increase the size of Parliament to 88 representatives through the following changes:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025899-0002-0000", "contents": "1875\u20131876 New Zealand general election, Background\nWith the two new electorates and the amalgamation in Christchurch, the number of electorates thus increased by one to 73. Eleven of the electorates were two-member electorates; two electorates were three-member electorates. To split Timaru into two electorates was proposed by the Timaru incumbent, Edward Stafford. The new electorate for the Waikato, Waipa, was added on the proposal put forward by William Jackson, who retired at the end of the parliamentary term in 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025899-0003-0000", "contents": "1875\u20131876 New Zealand general election, Background\nThe election was held over six weeks in December 1875 and January 1876. The date of election is defined here as the day on which the poll took place, or if there was no contest, the day of nomination. The first elections were held on 20 December 1875 in the City of Dunedin and City of Nelson electorates, returning a total of five members. In Dunedin, the three positions were contested by eight candidates. In Nelson, 20 December was the nomination day and the two candidates were returned unopposed. In two electorates, elections were held on Christmas Eve, while 19 candidates were elected between Christmas and New Year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025899-0004-0000", "contents": "1875\u20131876 New Zealand general election, Background\nThe last election was held in the Wairau electorate on 29 January 1876 between Arthur Seymour and George Henderson. Seymour was successful. Elections in the Maori electorates were held on 4 January Southern Maori and 15 January (all other Maori electorates). A total of 56,471 voters were registered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025899-0005-0000", "contents": "1875\u20131876 New Zealand general election, Background\nGeorge Grey stood in the general election for both the Auckland West and the Thames electorates. In the two-member Auckland electorate, only Grey and Patrick Dignan were put forward as candidates, and were thus declared elected on 22 December 1875. The two-member Thames electorate was contested by six candidates, including Julius Vogel (who was Premier in 1875), William Rowe and Charles Featherstone Mitchell. On election day (6 January 1876), Grey attracted the highest number of votes and, unexpectedly, Rowe beat Vogel into second place (Vogel also stood in Wanganui, where he was returned).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025899-0005-0001", "contents": "1875\u20131876 New Zealand general election, Background\nHence Grey and Rowe were declared elected for Thames. A protest against Grey's election was lodged with the returning officer the following day, stating that Grey had not been eligible to stand in Thames as he had already been elected in Auckland West. This petition was filed to the House of Representatives at the end of January.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025899-0006-0000", "contents": "1875\u20131876 New Zealand general election, Background\nWith this controversy going on for several months unresolved, Grey advised in mid June 1876 in a series of telegrams that he had chosen to represent Auckland West. On 8 July, the report of the committee inquiring into his election for Thames was read to the House. It was found that this was in accordance with the law, but that he had to make a decision for which electorate he would sit. On 15 July 1876, Grey announced that he would represent Thames, and he moved that a by-election be held in Auckland West for the seat that he would vacate there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025899-0007-0000", "contents": "1875\u20131876 New Zealand general election, Background\nThe Government received a majority over the opposition in the election, but with political parties not forming until 1890, precise numbers cannot be given. One newspaper counted 48 of the members as Government supporters. On 15 February 1876, the Pollen Ministry led by Daniel Pollen resigned. Julius Vogel, who had been Premier prior to Pollen, formed a new ministry and became Premier again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025900-0000-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1875\u201376 season was the third Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025900-0001-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nThe semi final of the Scottish Cup was reached for the second successive year before losing to 3rd LRV, after two 1-1 draws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025900-0002-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDuring the season, 7 'friendlies' matches were reported to have been played, of which 5 were won and 2 drawn, scoring 22 goals and conceding just 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025900-0003-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOf note amongst those appearing in club colours for the first time this season was Peter Miller.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025900-0004-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025900-0005-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative game\nAs part of the growth of the sport in Scotland, inter-county matches began to be an established part of the football calendar with the 'cream' of each county being selected to play for their respective counties/cities. One of the earliest was a match played at Hampden Park on 29 April 1876 between Dumbartonshire and Glasgow for the benefit of the Western Infirmary. James Boyd and James Meikleham were selected from Dumbarton to play in the Dumbartonshire team, with Glasgow winning 2-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025901-0000-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 FA Cup\nThe 1875\u201376 Football Association Challenge Cup was the fifth staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. Thirty-two teams entered, three more than the previous season, although five of the thirty-two never played a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025901-0001-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 FA Cup, Format\nThe fifth ever FA Cup would feature a knockout style tournament, similar to the 1934 FIFA World Cup, except with 32 club teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025902-0000-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1875\u201376 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1875 college football season. The team finished with a 4\u20130 record and was retroactively named as the national champion by the National Championship Foundation and as a co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. The team captain was William A. Whiting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025903-0000-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nSeason 1875\u201376 was the first season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025903-0001-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts entered the Scottish Cup for the first time reaching the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025903-0002-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts received a boost by qualifying for the second round despite two no scoring draws against 3rd Edinburgh RV in the first round. Hearts were knocked out 2\u20130 in the second round against Drumpellier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025904-0000-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Home Nations rugby union matches\nThe 1875-76 Home Nations rugby union matches are a series of international friendlies held between the England, Ireland and Scotland national rugby union teams. These were the last international rugby games to field teams of twenty players a side, the teams reducing to fifteen a side in the 1876-77 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025904-0001-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Home Nations rugby union matches, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025904-0002-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Ireland vs. England\nIreland: RB Walkington (NIFC), H Moore (Windsor), BN Casement (Wanderers), EW Hobson (Dublin University), RJ Bell (NIFC) capt., AP Cronyn (Dublin University), G Andrews (NIFC), DT Arnott (Lansdowne), WH Ash (NIFC), HL Cox (Lansdowne), WA Cuscaden (Bray), W Finlay (Windsor), R Galbraith (Dublin University), R Greer (Kingstown), J Ireland (Windsor), JA McDonald (Methodist College), RM Maginess (Dublin University), EN McIlwaine (NIFC), HD Walsh (Dublin University), AJ Westby (Dublin University)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 74], "content_span": [75, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025904-0003-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Ireland vs. England\nEngland: SHM Login (Royal Naval College), Alec Pearson (Blackheath), CR Gunner (Marlborough Nomads), AT Michell (Oxford University), CWH Clark (Liverpool), WE Collins (St George's Hospital), J V Brewer (Gipsies), CC Bryden (Clapham Rovers), Andrew Bulteel (Manchester), James Bush (Clifton), HJ Graham (Wimbledon Hornets), JDG Graham (Wimbledon Hornets), W Greg (Manchester), WHH Hutchinson (Hull), Edward Kewley (Liverpool), Francis Luscombe (Gipsies) capt., EE Marriott (Manchester), Murray Marshall (Blackheath), Edward Beadon Turner (St George's Hospital), CL Verelst (Liverpool)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 74], "content_span": [75, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025904-0004-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nEngland: Alec Pearson (Blackheath), AH Heath (Oxford University), Reg Birkett (Clapham Rovers), L Stokes (Blackheath), TS Tetley (Bradford), WE Collins (St George's Hospital), WC Hutchinson (RIE College), FR Adams (Richmond), James Bush (Clifton), EC Cheston (Richmond), HJ Graham (Wimbledon Hornets), W Greg (Manchester), WH Hunt (Preston Grasshoppers), Edward Kewley (Liverpool), Francis Luscombe (Gipsies) capt., Murray Marshall (Blackheath), WCW Rawlinson (Blackheath), GR Turner (St George's Hospital), Roger Walker (Manchester)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025904-0005-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nScotland: JS Carrick (Glasgow Academicals), T Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), Malcolm Cross (Glasgow Academicals), Ninian Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), AK Stewart (Edinburgh University RFC), GQ Paterson (Edinburgh Academicals), DH Watson (Glasgow Academicals), Allan Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), WH Bolton (West of Scotland), NT Brewis (Edinburgh Inst FP), CW Cathcart (Edinburgh University RFC), Daniel Drew (Glasgow Academicals), George Raphael Fleming (Glasgow Academicals), JHS Graham (Edinburgh Academicals), RW Irvine  (Edinburgh Academicals) capt., JE Junor (Glasgow Academicals), D Lang (Paisley), AG Petrie (Royal HSFP), J Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), Charles Villar (Edinburgh Wanderers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025905-0000-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Queen's Park F.C. season\nThe 1875\u201376 season was the fifth season of competitive football by Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025905-0001-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Queen's Park F.C. season\nQueen's Park played in their traditional black and white hoops and between 1874 and 1876 each player wore distinctive socks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025905-0002-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Queen's Park F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nFor the third season in a row, Queen's Park won the Scottish Cup after defeating 3rd Lanark RV in a replayed final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025906-0000-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Cup\nThe 1875\u201376 Scottish Cup \u2013 officially the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup \u2013 was the third season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The number of entrants nearly doubled from the previous season with 49 teams included in the first round draw. The competition began on 2 October 1875 and concluded with the final replay on 18 March 1876. This was the first season that teams would only change ends at half time, the tradition of changing ends after a goal had been scored came to an end. The cup was won for the third time by Queen's Park who defeated fellow Glasgow club 3rd Lanark RV 2\u20130 in the replayed final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025906-0001-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Cup, Format\nAs with the previous competitions, the third edition of the Scottish Cup took on the format of a traditional knockout tournament. For the earlier rounds, the names of competing teams were placed into lots according to their districts and drawn into pairs. The home team for each tie was determined by the toss of a coin unless it was mutually agreed or only one of the two clubs drawn against one another had a private ground. In the event of a draw, the team who lost the toss would have the choice of ground for the replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025906-0001-0001", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Cup, Format\nA similar procedure was used for subsequent rounds however, any club which had received a bye in the previous round would first be drawn against one of the winners of the previous round. The names of winning teams were placed into one lot for later rounds. The choice of venue for the final matches was reserved to the Scottish Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025906-0002-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Cup, Format, Calendar\nThe exact dates of some matches are unknown as newspaper coverage of football in the late 19th century was not as comprehensive as it would become.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025906-0003-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 49 teams entered the competition in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025906-0004-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Cup, First round\nEdinburgh Thistle received a bye to the second round. Kilmarnock's 8\u20130 win over Ayr Eglinton set a new record for both the highest scoring game and the biggest win in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025907-0000-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1875-76 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the rugby union matches played by Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025907-0001-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the Inter-City fixtures between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District; and the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025907-0002-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe first Inter-City match of the season was played under the 20-a-side rules. Like many Inter-City matches before, this produced a nil-nil draw. It was noticed that this format drew fewer spectators. During the match Glasgow District's Malcolm Cross was seriously injured and had to be stretchered from the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025907-0003-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Districts season, History\nIn 1876, it was realised that fewer players on the park might increase the chances of teams scoring. The second match of the Inter-City fixtures was thus played under the now standard 15-a-side rules. The smaller teams provided \u2013 as The Glasgow Herald reported \u2013 the best Inter-City match ever played; and the attendance, having dropped with the nil-nils previously with the 20-a-side format, was also boosted to 5,000 spectators. Despite the much better match, the score once again ended nil-nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025907-0004-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Districts season, History\nDirectly after the second inter-city match, the SRU met to discuss a fixture between East and West districts. This would be a chance for players outside the Glasgow and Edinburgh districts to play. The East and West fixture thus became the main trial match for the Scotland international team. The Scotland international team was due to play its English counterparts on 8 March 1876; hence the East v West district match was to be held on Saturday 26 February 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025907-0005-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe first East of Scotland District v West of Scotland District trial match ended in a draw; it was noted that both sides had to touch down the ball once behind their own goal-line to prevent the other side scoring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025907-0006-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nGlasgow District: J. S. Carrick (Glasgow Academicals), J. McGeoch (West of Scotland), M. Cross (Glasgow Academicals), R. C. McKenzie (Glasgow Academicals), J. K. Tod (Glasgow Academicals), D. M. Brunton (Glasgow University) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025907-0006-0001", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\ncaptain], G. R. Fleming (Glasgow Academicals), S. Smith (Glasgow Academicals), A. T. Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), Allan Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), D. H. Watson (Glasgow Academicals), W. S. Brown (Glasgow Academicals), J. E. Junor (Glasgow Academicals), H. McEwen (Glasgow Academicals), T. Morrison (Glasgow University), W. Law (Glasgow University), T. F. Donald (West of Scotland), R. Hunter (West of Scotland), W. B. Russell (West of Scotland), J. Cochrane (West of Scotland)Edinburgh District: R. Johnstone (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Smith (Edinburgh University), N. J. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), George Paterson (Edinburgh Academicals), G. A. Scott (Royal HSFP), J. Rutherford (Edinburgh Wanderers), James Robertson (Royal HSFP), Bulldog Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), Arthur Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), G. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), J. G. Coupar (Edinburgh Academicals), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), C. Villar (Edinburgh Wanderers), A. G. Petrie (Royal HSFP), R. B. Murrie (Royal HSFP), J. G. Smith (Edinburgh University), Charles Walker Cathcart (Edinburgh University), G. Atkinson (Edinburgh University), N. T. Brewis (Institution)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 1255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025907-0007-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nEdinburgh District: John Smith (Edinburgh University), Ninian Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), G. A. Scott (Royal HSFP), George Paterson (Edinburgh Academicals), James Robertson (Royal HSFP), Bulldog Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025907-0007-0001", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\ncaptain], Arthur Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), G. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals), James Andrew Whitelock Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), R. B. Murrie (Royal HSFP), Charles Walker Cathcart (Edinburgh University), James Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), Charles Villar (Edinburgh Wanderers), Nat Brewis (Edinburgh Institution F.P.) Glasgow District: G. R. Fleming (Glasgow Academicals), Allan Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), J. E. Junor (Glasgow Academicals), S. Smith (Glasgow Academicals), D. M. Watson (Glasgow Academicals), H. Napier (West of Scotland), J. Cochrane (West of Scotland), T. F. Donald (West of Scotland), W. B. Russell (West of Scotland), T. Morrison (Glasgow University), J. K. Tod (Glasgow Academicals), J. J. Veral (West of Scotland), D. M. Brunton (Glasgow University) [ captain], M. Cross (Glasgow Academicals),  J. S. Carrick (Glasgow Academicals)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 955]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025907-0008-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nEast of Scotland District: Backs: J. Smith (Edinburgh University), J. Leslie (Dundee);Half-backs: Ninian Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), J. A. Scott (Royal HSFP),Quarter-backs: George Paterson (Edinburgh Academicals), R. Johnstone (Royal HSFP),Forwards: Bulldog Irvine (captain) (Edinburgh Academicals), G. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals) Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals),D. R. Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), Thomas Torrie (Edinburgh Academicals), Alexander Petrie (Royal HSFP), R. B. Murrie (Royal HSFP),J. Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), C. Hawkins (Edinburgh Wanderers), G. Atkinson (Edinburgh University), Charles Walker Cathcart (Edinburgh University),L. A. Auldjo (Abertay), D. Barron (St Andrews University), H. Hill (Dundee) West of Scotland District: James Stewart Carrick (Glasgow Academicals), Thomas Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), R.C. McKenzie (West of Scotland), Hutchinson (Glasgow University), D. M. Brunton (Glasgow University), John Kennedy Todd (Glasgow Academicals), George Raphael Fleming (Glasgow Academicals) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 1102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025907-0008-0001", "contents": "1875\u201376 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\ncaptain], Allan Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), A. T. Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), John Junor (Glasgow Academicals), David Watson (Glasgow Academicals), J. S. Tod (Glasgow Academicals), McIntyre (West of Scotland), T. F. Donald (West of Scotland), Henry Melville Napier (West of Scotland), W. B. Russell (West of Scotland), Andrews (Paisley), Kennedy (Paisley), Lang (Paisley)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025908-0000-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 Tufts Jumbos football team\nThe 1875\u201376 Tufts Jumbos football team represented Tufts University in the 1875 college football season. Tufts' official program record for 1875 is 2-1 due the to the school considering a June 4, 1875 victory over Harvard to be part of its 1875 season. The victory over Bates was the first intercollegiate football game in the state of Maine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025909-0000-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 in English football\nThe 1875\u201376 season was the fifth season of competitive football in England. The only international match was the fifth match between England and Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025909-0001-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 in English football, International\nAccording to Philip Gibbons, \"the England side tended to be chosen on availability rather than skill alone.\" England struggled throughout the game, which saw the home team run out winners by three goals to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025909-0002-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 in English football, International\nIn May 2008, a photograph of the 1876 England team was discovered in the archives of the Derby City Council Local Studies Library. Edgar Field had sent the photograph to the Derbyshire Football Express, and the picture was used in an article published on the 50th anniversary of the match. This picture came to light in May and is believed to be the earliest known picture of an England football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025909-0003-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025910-0000-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 in Scottish football\nSeason 1875\u201376 was the third season of competitive domestic football in Scotland. It also saw the introduction of the international fixture against Wales. In addition, the first regional competition was introduced, with the first playing of the Edinburgh FA Cup, for clubs in Edinburgh and surrounding areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025910-0001-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 in Scottish football, Overview\nThe Scottish Cup was contested for the third time, with Queen's Park continuing to exert a stranglehold on the trophy. On the international front, the now-established fixture with England was joined in the calendar by what would become another annual contest, against Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025910-0002-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 in Scottish football, Overview\nIn addition, Clydesdale became the second Scottish club to compete in the FA Cup, while the first representative fixture involving two Scottish selects saw Glasgow take on Dumbarton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025910-0003-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup\nThe increasing popularity of the competition saw 49 clubs entering the tournament's third edition, but the ultimate outcome was the same with Queen's Park lifting the trophy for a third successive year. Queen's progress to the latter stages was comfortable, eliminating Alexandra Athletic, Northern, Clydesdale and Dumbreck without conceding a goal; they had now ended Clydesdale's interest in the cup three years running. In the semi-finals, a 2\u20131 win over Vale of Leven saw Queen's through, while 3rd Lanark RV defeated Dumbarton in a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025910-0004-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup\nThere were two notable firsts for the final \u2013 the use of a neutral venue, and the need for a replay. The first match was staged at Hamilton Crescent rather than on Queens' ground at Hampden, with an estimated five-figure attendance. A 1\u20131 draw saw the local rivals from Glasgow's South Side meet at Hampden a week later, with the holders overcoming 3rd Lanark by a 2\u20130 scoreline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025910-0005-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 in Scottish football, FA Cup\nFor a third year running, Queen's Park chose not to enter the FA Cup, but there was Scottish representation in the draw with the inclusion of Clydesdale. The Glasgow club was drawn away to South Norwood of Surrey in round one, but as with most of Queens' previous attempts to compete in the tournament, eventually decided they withdrew. Clydesdale never entered the FA Cup again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025910-0006-0000", "contents": "1875\u201376 in Scottish football, Scotland national team, Overview\nThe two matches played this season proved to be the final internationals staged at the West of Scotland cricket ground in Partick. Scotland recorded a pair of comfortable victories, against both England and a Welsh team gaining its first experience of international football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 62], "content_span": [63, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025911-0000-0000", "contents": "1876\n1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1876th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 876th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 76th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  7th   year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1876, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025912-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 (novel)\n1876 is the third historical novel in Gore Vidal's Narratives of Empire series. It was published in 1976 and details the events of a year described by Vidal as \"probably the low point in our republic's history\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025912-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 (novel), Style\nThe novel is written in the form of a journal written by Charles Schermerhorn Schuyler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 19], "content_span": [20, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025912-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 (novel), Plot\nThe novel follows Charles Schermerhorn Schuyler who has recently returned to the United States after more than 30 years in Europe, where he married into minor Napoleonic nobility; he is accompanied by his beautiful, young, widowed daughter Emma, the Princesse d'Agrigente. She immediately becomes the darling of New York high society. Despite his fame and affluent image, Schuyler finds work as a journalist because his wealth has been destroyed by the Panic of 1873 and his daughter's late husband has left her penniless. Schuyler also supports the Democratic candidate, Samuel J. Tilden, Governor of New York, because he hopes to secure himself a diplomatic position with the incoming administration, enabling him to return to Europe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 18], "content_span": [19, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025912-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 (novel), Plot\nThe early chapters detail the Schuylers' introduction into New York society and the engagement between Emma and John Day Apgar, a wealthy but rather dull young lawyer and scion of a leading New York family. The later chapters chronicle Schuyler's sojourn in Washington, D.C., and Emma's growing friendship with the wealthy Denise Sanford and her boorish husband William. Emma and Denise become close friends, but after Denise dies in childbirth, Emma breaks off her engagement to Apgar and marries Sanford instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 18], "content_span": [19, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025912-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 (novel), Plot\nThe political backdrop to the story is the 1876 presidential election, a close contest between Tilden and the Republican Rutherford B. Hayes. Tilden won the popular vote, but there was a dispute over the results in Louisiana, Oregon, South Carolina, and Florida. In Florida, the Republican leaders of the State and the Electoral Commission initially reported a victory for Tilden, before deciding that in fact Hayes had won. Vidal builds up to this historic crisis through the activities of a mixed cast of historical and fictional characters, some of the latter having appeared in Burr or having descended from characters in that novel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 18], "content_span": [19, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025913-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on August 7, 1876, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama. Incumbent Democrat George S. Houston ran for reelection to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025914-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1876 Atlantic hurricane season lasted from mid-summer to late-fall. Records show that 1876 featured a relatively inactive hurricane season. There were five tropical storms, four became hurricanes, two of which became major hurricanes (Category 3+). However, due to the absence of remote-sensing satellite and other technology, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded; therefore, the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025914-0000-0001", "contents": "1876 Atlantic hurricane season\nOf the known 1876 cyclones, both Hurricane One and Hurricane Four were first documented in 1995 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz. They also proposed large changes to the known tracks of Hurricane Two and of Hurricane Five. The track and start position of Hurricane Five was further amended in 2003.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025914-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) officially recognizes five tropical cyclones for the 1876 season. Four storms attained hurricane status, with winds of 75\u00a0mph (119\u00a0km/h) or greater. The second and fourth hurricanes of the season were the most intense, with maximum sustained winds up to 120\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h). The first storm of the season was a hurricane that existed for two days in September off the east coast of the United States. Hurricane Two, known as the San Felipe hurricane, was the most notable storm of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025914-0001-0001", "contents": "1876 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nIt formed near the Windward Islands on September\u00a012 and hit Puerto Rico as a Category 3 hurricane before crossing Hispaniola and Cuba. It continued northward to make landfall in North Carolina and continued through the interior of the United States as far as Cape Cod. It caused extensive damage in both Puerto Rico and North Carolina. The third cyclone of 1876 was a tropical storm, known to have existed for two days in the mid-Atlantic. The next cyclone, Hurricane Four, crossed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, passing over Nicaragua in late September and early October. The final storm of 1876 developed north of Panama and proceeded north across Cuba and Florida before dissipating on October\u00a023.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 750]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025914-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nA hurricane was discovered located roughly halfway between Bermuda and Nova Scotia on September\u00a09. The hurricane did not strengthen and began to gradually weaken as it moved to the south of Newfoundland. It weakened to a tropical storm and later became extratropical on September\u00a011.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025914-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nA hurricane first observed east of the Windward Islands on September\u00a012 hit the islands that night. It strengthened to become a Category 3 hurricane, and hit between Yabucoa and Humacao, Puerto Rico, at that intensity on September\u00a013. The storm made landfall in Puerto Rico and affected the island for over 10 hours with sustained winds of 100\u00a0mph. It then crossed over Hispaniola and Cuba before turning northward, avoiding Florida on the way. The weakened tropical storm headed towards the Carolinas, intensifying into a minimal hurricane before hitting near Wilmington, North Carolina, on September\u00a017.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025914-0003-0001", "contents": "1876 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nThe storm continued through the interior of the United States, dissipating on September\u00a019 near Cape Cod. In Puerto Rico, the lowest pressure was 29.20\u00a0inHg (989\u00a0mb) at San Juan and there were 19 deaths reported, but historians suspected the Spanish Government withheld the actual damage and death toll data for Puerto Rico. At least two drownings occurred in Onslow County, North Carolina. Flooding, damage to buildings, and uprooted trees were reported from Wilmington. A bridge across Market Street there was washed away. In Puerto Rico the storm was remembered as the \"San Felipe Hurricane\" because it struck on September\u00a013, the feast day of Saint Philip. Exactly 52\u00a0years later, Puerto Rico was struck by Hurricane San Felipe Segundo, a much more destructive and powerful cyclone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025914-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three\nThe only tropical storm of the season was discovered on September\u00a016 to the north-east of Antigua and Barbuda. It headed north, peaking at 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h) as it passed well to the east of Bermuda. It apparently dissipated on September\u00a018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025914-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nA tropical storm was first observed on September\u00a028 just to the east of the Leeward Islands. It later strengthened into a hurricane as it passed near the Netherlands Antilles. It later peaked as a Category 2 hurricane before making landfall in Nicaragua. The storm reached the Pacific Ocean before it dissipated on October\u00a05. The cyclone severely damaged parts of Central America, inundating the Nicaraguan capital of Managua with floodwaters. People climbed rooftops to evade the floodwaters. On the east coast of the country, 300 homes were destroyed at Bluefields. The ship Costa Rica, in the eastern Pacific and bound for Acapulco on October\u00a04, lost her hurricane-deck as well as the head of her main mast, main topmast, and gaff. She also lost one of her quarter boats and experienced a wind shift at 2030 UTC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 871]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025914-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nA tropical storm was discovered north of Panama on October\u00a012. It moved very slowly and generally northward. It became a hurricane early on October\u00a017 and passed just east of Grand Cayman, where significant effects were reported. It attained a peak intensity of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) just before making landfall on Bejucal in western Cuba, where the barometer dropped as low as 28.32 inches of mercury (959\u00a0mb) on October\u00a019. The calm center of the storm passed over the capital Havana and then entered the Straits of Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025914-0006-0001", "contents": "1876 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nJust before 00 UTC on October 20, the eye of the cyclone struck Key West, Florida, which reported atmospheric pressure of 28.73\u00a0inHg (973\u00a0mb) and wind of 11\u00a0mph (18\u00a0km/h) veering to the southwest. About six hours later, early on October 20, the eye made landfall on the Florida mainland near Chokoloskee with winds of 105\u00a0mph (169\u00a0km/h). Emerging into the Atlantic near Sebastian around 12 UTC, it produced a pressure of 28.82\u00a0inHg (976\u00a0mb) at Cape Canaveral. The cyclone later passed north of Bermuda before dissipating on October\u00a023. Bermuda recorded gale-force winds and a pressure of 29.30\u00a0inHg (992\u00a0mb).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025914-0007-0000", "contents": "1876 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nOn Grand Cayman, where west winds occurred during the closest approach of the cyclone, severe damage and the destruction of 170 houses was reported. In South Florida, the hurricane produced tides of 8 feet (2.4\u00a0m) to 10\u00a0ft (3.0\u00a0m) on Biscayne Bay, but local ships rode out the storm in a natural anchorage called Hurricane Harbor, on the west side of Key Biscayne. The bark Three Sisters was wrecked on Virginia Key, her cargo of lumber being salvaged by local residents. The storm flooded the islands on Biscayne Bay and destroyed many structures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025914-0007-0001", "contents": "1876 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nOn the Lake Worth Lagoon, the cyclone snapped or blew down large mastic and banyan trees, each more than 3\u00a0ft (0.9\u00a0m) in diameter and believed to have been hundreds of years old. All vegetation was stripped of foliage and branches were downed, while settlers' furniture was blown away. After the storm, the Atlantic Ocean appeared yellowish-brown due to silt, and numerous fish and sea mammals, including porpoises, were found beached. The settlement that later became Palm Beach was destroyed. Two decades later in 1896, the storm was still noted by settlers as among the worst ever in South Florida. In passing over Eau Gallie near Melbourne, the calm eye lasted about four hours between 0830\u20131230 UTC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025915-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Belgian general election\nPartial general elections were held in Belgium on 13 June 1876. In the elections for the Chamber of Representatives the result was a victory for the Catholic Party, which won 67 of the 124 seats. Voter turnout was 67.5%, although only 63,278 people were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025915-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Belgian general election\nUnder the alternating system, elections were only held in five out of the nine provinces: Antwerp, Brabant, Luxembourg, Namur and West Flanders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025916-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Bengal cyclone\nThe Great Backerganj Cyclone of 1876 (29 October \u2013 1 November 1876) was one of the deadliest tropical cyclones in history. It hit the coast of Backerganj (near Meghna estuary) in present-day Barisal, Bangladesh, killing about 200,000 people, half of whom were drowned by the storm surge, while the rest died from the subsequent famine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025916-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Bengal cyclone, Meteorological history\nThe cyclone formed over the SE Bay of Bengal as a depression near 10.0\u00b0N and 89.0\u00b0E on 27 October, intensified into a cyclonic storm near 15.0\u00b0N and 89.0\u00b0E on 30 October and subsequently intensified into a severe cyclonic storm with a core of hurricane winds. The cyclone moved north up to the North Bay and then NNE. On 31 October, the cyclone made landfall on Backerganj.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025916-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Bengal cyclone, Meteorological history\nThe maximum wind speed was estimated at 220\u00a0km/h (140\u00a0mph) and the surge height was 3\u201313.6\u00a0m (9.8\u201344.6\u00a0ft).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025917-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Berkshire by-election\nThe Berkshire by-election of 1876 was fought on 23 February 1876. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Richard Fellowes Benyon. It was won by the Conservative candidate Philip Wroughton in an all Conservative fight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025918-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Birmingham by-election\nThe Birmingham by-election of 1876 was fought on 27 June 1876. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, George Dixon. It was won by the Liberal candidate Joseph Chamberlain, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025919-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Boston Red Caps season\nThe 1876 Boston Red Caps season was the sixth season of the franchise. With the dissolution of the National Association, the Boston team joined the brand new National League. The team name was changed to the Boston Red Caps to avoid confusion with the new Cincinnati Red Stockings team. Some of the players from the previous year's team defected to other ballclubs, so the team finished further down in the standings this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025919-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025919-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025919-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025919-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025919-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025920-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1876 saw the election of Frederick O. Prince.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025921-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Buckinghamshire by-election\nThe Buckinghamshire by-election, conducted on 22 September 1876, was held when  Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli was raised to the peerage as the Earl of Beaconsfield. It was won by the Conservative candidate, Thomas Fremantle, with a majority of 186 over the Liberal party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025922-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Burnley by-election\nThe Burnley by-election of 1876 was held on 12 February 1876. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Richard Shaw. It was won by the Liberal candidate Peter Rylands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025923-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 CCNY Lavender football team\nThe 1876 CCNY Lavender football team represented the City College of New York during the 1876 college football season. CCNY played in two games, losing 0 to 6 against Columbia and then winning against NYU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025924-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Carcoar colonial by-election\nA by-election was be held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Carcoar on 14 June 1876 because of the resignation of Solomon Meyer. His company TF Meyer and Co had become insolvent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025925-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election\nThe Carmarthen Boroughs by-election of 1876 was fought on 14 August 1876. The by-election was called following the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Charles William Nevill. It was won by the Liberal candidate Arthur Cowell-Stepney, who was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025925-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election, Background\nA Liberal seat for decades, Carmarthen Boroughs fell to the Conservatives in 1874  when the octogenarian sitting member, Sir John Stepney, stood down. He was succeeded as Liberal candidate by his son, Arthur, who was not regarded as holding radical views. To general surprise he declared his support for policies such as the disestablishment of the Anglican church in Wales. As a result, Charles Nevill, who resisted calls to oppose the elder Stepney in 1868, entered the fray, and was championed as 'one of the largest employers of labour' in the locality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025925-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election, Background\nDuring his short parliamentary career, Nevill did not always support Conservative policy. He voted in favour of the extension of the county franchise, and also supported Osborne Morgan's Burials' Bill. On 19 July 1876, Nevill indicated his intention to resign as an MP, in a letter to the Vicar of Carmarthen, the Rev Latimer M. Jones. Nevill cited his business interests as the main reason for his decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025925-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election, Candidates\nA number of possible candidates were initially mentioned, both Conservatives and Liberals. On the Conservative side, Mansel Lewis of Stradey and J.S. Tregoning of Iscoed, Ferryside were mentioned Among the Liberals, potential candidates included Arthur Stepney, W.R.H. Powell of Maesgwynne, who had unsuccessfully contested Carmarthenshire in 1874, B.T. Williams, the Recorder of Carmarthen and Evan Matthew Richards, former member for Cardiganshire. Williams was initially regarded as the most likely candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025925-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election, Candidates\nHowever, Liberals supporters of Arthur Stepney swiftly took action to select a candidate before their political opponents had any opportunity to fully consider their options. On the morning of 31 July, Arthur Stepney travelled to Carmarthen by train, where he was met by a delegation of prominent liberals who held a formal meeting chaired by the Mayor, David Edwards. That same evening a meeting was held in Llanelli, presided over by John Randell, chairman of the Llanelly Local Board of Health, with Stepney being formally adopted. Stepney's actions not only caught his Conservative opponents unawares but also rival aspirants for the Liberal nomination. B.T. Williams was said to have intended to declare his candidature but withdrew to avoid a division in the ranks, while the claims of Lewis Morris were also ignored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 872]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025925-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election, Candidates\nIt was soon apparent that the Conservatives would not field a candidate, and it does not appear that any potential candidates were considered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025925-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election, Outcome\nWithin a few days it became apparent that Arthur Stepney would be returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025926-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1876 Chicago White Stockings season was the 5th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 1st in the National League and the 3rd at 23rd Street Grounds. The White Stockings, as one of the founding members of the new National League, won the NL's initial championship during this season with a record of 52\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025926-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025926-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025926-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025926-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025926-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections\nThe Chicago mayoral elections of 1876  is one of only two instances in which a Chicago mayoral election was declared invalid (the other being in 1844).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections\nAfter an election was held in April under disputed circumstances, and was subsequently nullified by the courts, a special election was held in July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections\nRepublican Monroe Heath won the special election in July, thus becoming mayor of Chicago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections\nThese are the last Chicago mayoral elections (including special elections) to take place in an even-numbered year. They are also the only elections since 1862 to have been held in an even-numbered year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, Disputed April election\nThe disputed Chicago mayoral election of April 1876 was won by Thomas Hoyne. However, its result was ultimately nullified by the courts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, Disputed April election, Background\nIllinois' Cities and Villages Act of 1872 had moved municipal elections from November to April and had extended mayoral terms to two years. It went into effect in July 1872. On April 23, 1875, the city of Chicago had voted to operate under the Act, as opposed to operating under the rules outlined by its city charter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 67], "content_span": [68, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, Disputed April election, Background\nSince the act mandated mayoral elections to be held in April of odd-numbered years, incumbent mayor Harvey Doolittle Colvin believed that his term had been extended an additional year and that no elections were to be held in November 1875 or April 1876. He believed that a mayoral election would not be held until April 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 67], "content_span": [68, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0007-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, Disputed April election, Election\nRecognizing that Colvin would be unseated if a mayoral election were held, Chicago's city council (which was, at the time, composed of many members that were friendly towards the mayor) left the office of mayor off its list of offices for election. Thus, neither the Republican nor Democratic Parties believed they needed to put forth mayoral candidates, assuming that this meant that no mayoral election was scheduled to be held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0008-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, Disputed April election, Election\nDespite this Thomas Hoyne, president of the Chicago Public Library's board of directors, opted to run for mayor. He was nominated at a mass meeting and ran as an independent Democrat affiliated with the \"Free Soilers Party\". Thousands voted for Hoyne by writing his name on their ballots. Additionally, both the Democratic and Republican parties put him on their tickets. He won nearly all of the votes cast for mayor in the municipal election held on April 16, 1876. However, a mayoral election had not been formally called for by the City Council or the mayor's office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0009-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, Disputed April election, Results\nDespite there being no authorization for such a count to be taken, a popular vote count of the mayoral write-in votes was taken when ballots were counted in Chicago's municipal elections. However, the city council ignored this count when it canvassed and made official the election results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0010-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, Legal dispute\nThe city council which had been elected in a (non-disputed) April election (in which many Colvin allies lost their seats) took office on April 8. On its first day the new city council declared that Hoyne was the city's mayor, that the vote that had been taken for mayor was actually binding. Hoyne took an oath of office on May 9 and attempted to assume the office of mayor. However, Colvin disputed Hoyne's claim to the office, arguing that the election had been illegitimate and that he was still entitled to serve an additional year as mayor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 45], "content_span": [46, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0011-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, Legal dispute\nThe City Council and most departments of the municipal government supported Hoyne's claim to the mayoral office. However, the city's comptroller and police department rejected Hoyne's claim, and supported Colvin in the resulting standoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 45], "content_span": [46, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0012-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, Legal dispute\nDuring the city standoff, the police blocked Hoyne from going inside the mayor's office at city hall. Meanwhile, with the support of the City Council, Hoyne fired supporters of Colvin from municipal jobs. Both men offered to possibly resign, but neither actually acted on their offers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 45], "content_span": [46, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0013-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, Legal dispute, Outcome\nUltimately, after a 28-day conflict, the dispute was resolved by the courts. At a June 5 meeting of the Circuit Court of Cook County, William K. McAllister ruled that the April election had been illegitimate. This meant that Hoyne's \"tenure\" as mayor had been annulled. Colvin was permitted to extend his mayoral term until a special election would be held. A special election was ultimately held on July 12, electing Monroe Heath as mayor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0014-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, Legal dispute, Outcome\nSubsequently, in August, it was requested for city attorney to issue an opinion on whether or not Hoyne and the municipal apartment heads he had appointed should receive any remuneration. It was opined that, while Hoyne had not been mayor de jure, he had served as mayor de facto, thus he and his appointees should be awarded payment for the time they acted in their positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0015-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, July special election\nIn the Chicago mayoral special election of 1876, Monroe Heath defeated Democrat Mark Kimball and independent J. J. McGrath by a landslide 39-point margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0016-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, July special election\nThe election was held on July 12, 1876 and had been called for as part of the Circuit Court of Cook County ruling that had been issued to resolve the dispute over the legitimacy of the disputed election that had been held in April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0017-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, July special election\nAt a July 1 convention, the Republican party, which had supported (Democratic-leaning) Thomas Hoyne in the dispute over the 1876 election, opted to nominate their own candidate for the special election. They believed that the April 1876 aldermanic elections, which had seen a Republican landslide, indicated strong prospects of a Republican candidate winning the special mayoral election. Thus, they nominated Monroe Heath for mayor. Heath was a \"Reform\" Republican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0018-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, July special election\nMark Kimball was nominated by the Democratic Party. Kimball was a successful businessman, as well as the South Town tax collector. He had first made a name for himself in the insurance business, serving separate tenures as director, secretary, and assignee for  the Mutual Security Insurance company as well as tenures as the president and manager of the Citizens Insurance Company of Chicago. He had also led a successful career in banking and other business.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0019-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, July special election\nJ. J. McGrath ran as an Democratic-leaning independent aligned with Colvin's politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0020-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, July special election\nChicago voters, rebuking Colvin, elected Republican Monroe Heath in a landslide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025927-0021-0000", "contents": "1876 Chicago mayoral elections, July special election, Results\nHeath won a landslide victory. His margin of victory was roughly 39 points, a percentage which itself was significantly greater  than either of Kimball's opponents' vote shares.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025928-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Chilean presidential election\nThe Chilean presidential election of 1876 took place through a system of electors, and resulted in the election as President of An\u00edbal Pinto, who was the sole candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025929-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Christchurch mayoral election\nThe 1876 Christchurch City mayoral election was the first election for the Mayor of Christchurch held by public vote. The election, held on 20 December, was won by James Gapes, who beat fellow city councillor Charles Thomas Ick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025929-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Christchurch mayoral election, Background\nInitially, councillors elected one of their own as mayor towards the end of the year, and the role was usually awarded to the most senior councillor. The system changed with the introduction of The Municipal Corporations Acts Amendment Act, 1875, as that legislation stipulated that mayors had to be elected at large (i.e. by eligible voters). In December 1875, when the new act first applied, the incumbent mayor, Fred Hobbs, was the only candidate nominated. The returning officer, Edward Bishop, thus declared Hobbs elected unopposed on 17 December 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025929-0001-0001", "contents": "1876 Christchurch mayoral election, Background\nAfter having served two terms, it became known at the beginning of November 1876 that Hobbs would not seek election for a third term. This was regretted by one of the local newspapers, The Star, as they regarded him as having \"discharged his duties with a thoroughness and zeal which will not be readily equalled by his successor.\" In the same editorial, the two eventual candidates were named. From December 1876 onwards, George Leslie Lee acted as returning officer for mayoral elections for many years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025929-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Christchurch mayoral election, Candidates\nJames Gapes was from Essex in England. He came to Christchurch with his wife, children, and a relative in 1859. They travelled as assisted immigrants, i.e. they were part of a supported immigration scheme and thus of humble origin. He started a glass, paint and paperhanging business in Victoria Street and was a member of many organisations. He was also known as a flutist, giving concerts together with Sir John Cracroft Wilson. Gapes was first voted onto Christchurch City Council as a city councillor in a February 1873 by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025929-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Christchurch mayoral election, Candidates\nCharles Thomas Ick was an auctioneer by trade. He came from Otago to Christchurch in 1870. He was first elected as a city councillor in October 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025929-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Christchurch mayoral election, Election\nEligible electors in Christchurch had their first opportunity to vote for a mayor on 20 December 1876. Gapes represented working class interests, whereas Ick represented the wealthier part of the population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025929-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Christchurch mayoral election, Election\nGapes won the election, and was sworn in as mayor at the next Christchurch City Council meeting on 2 January 1877. Gapes was defeated at the next mayoral election in December 1877 by Henry Thomson, but won another election as mayor in November 1880. Ick became mayor in November 1878 when he beat Thomson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025930-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Cincinnati Reds season\nThe 1876 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. It was the team's first season of existence, having been formed as part of the brand new National League in 1876. This team was not related (except by name) to the previous Cincinnati Red Stockings National Association team, which had folded in 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025930-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nOne bright spot for the Reds was the play of Charley Jones, who led the club with a batting average of .286, had the second highest home run total in the league with four, and was among the league leaders in doubles and slugging percentage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025930-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary\nThe Reds played their first ever game on April 25, 1876, defeating the St. Louis Brown Stockings 2\u20131 at Avenue Grounds. Wins would be far and few between for the Reds, as after putting up a solid 3\u20132 record in their opening five games, the Reds would go on an eleven-game losing streak to fall to 3\u201313. After defeating the Hartford Dark Blues 8\u20132 to end their losing streak, the Reds would then have a thirteen-game losing streak, and saw their record fall to 4\u201326. By the time the season was finished, Cincinnati had the worst record in the National League, as they ended the season with a 9\u201356 record, 42.5 games behind the first place Chicago White Stockings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025930-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025930-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025930-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025930-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025930-0007-0000", "contents": "1876 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025931-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 City of Auckland West by-election\nThe 1876 City of Auckland West by-election was a by-election held  on 25 July 1876 in the City of Auckland West electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. It was then a two-member electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025931-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 City of Auckland West by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, George Grey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025931-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 City of Auckland West by-election\nBenjamin Tonks, the Mayor of Auckland City, was elected by a large majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025932-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Colombian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in the United States of Colombia in 1876. The result was a victory for Aquileo Parra of the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025932-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Colombian presidential election, Electoral system\nThe 1863 constitution changed the electoral system from a direct vote to an indirect vote. The President was now elected on the basis of which candidate received the most votes in each state, with a candidate required to win in at least five of the nine states to be elected. If no candidate received a majority, Congress would elect the President from the main contenders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025932-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Colombian presidential election, Results\nThe electors were elected in 1875. In Cauca Rafael N\u00fa\u00f1ez won a majority of the vote, but the election jury refused to recognise his victory. However, it also refused to give its college vote to Parra, and so announced that the state's electors would not take part in the presidential ballot. For the first time, no candidate won a majority of states, and as a result, Congress elected the President on 21 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 Colorado gubernatorial election took place on October 3, 1876, to elect the 1st Governor of Colorado after the state was admitted to the union on August 1, 1876. Republican John Long Routt, last governor of the Colorado Territory, was elected in a close race against Democratic nominee Bela M. Hughes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, Political turmoil in the Colorado Territory from 1874 to 1875\nIn January 1874, Edward M. McCook, who already had been territorial Governor from 1869 to 1873, was appointed for another term by President Ulysses S. Grant after incumbent Governor Samuel Elbert had been removed due to misconduct in the Land Office in Pueblo. Elbert had supporters that claimed he should not have been relieved from his office because he was not involved in any misconduct. McCook, whose first administration was considered tainted by corruption, was also fiercely opposed by Jerome B. Chaffee, an Elbert supporter, who was the Territory's Delegate to the House of Representative at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 111], "content_span": [112, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0001-0001", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, Political turmoil in the Colorado Territory from 1874 to 1875\nMany in the territory saw McCook's appointment as an affront. The battle for his Senate confirmation turned into a feud between Chaffee and President Grant. Chaffee even threatened to resign if McCook was confirmed in the Senate. After five months of testimony and multiple accusations against McCook, the Senate confirmed his appointment on June 19, 1874 by a one-vote majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 111], "content_span": [112, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, Political turmoil in the Colorado Territory from 1874 to 1875\nAfter he had returned to Colorado, Governor McCook asked President Grant to relieve all political appointees from their duties, which had been recommended by Delegate Chaffee. President Grant complied and appointed replacements that all lived outside the territory. McCook and those other federal officers were considered carpetbaggers by the local population. There was a growing a sentiment in the territory, that the federal offices were used to place unsuccessful and no longer needed politicians from the east of the United States. A growing dissatisfaction with the Republican president, his local appointees and the infighting in the Republican party led to the surprising victory of Democrat Thomas M. Patterson in the election for Delegate to the House of Representatives on November 3, 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 111], "content_span": [112, 913]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, Political turmoil in the Colorado Territory from 1874 to 1875\nEdward M. McCook's second term as Governor was not successful and lasted just eight months. His administration was plagued by infighting in the Republican Party and McCook's personal problems. McCook was distraught by the death of his wife Mary and suffered from alcoholism. His lack of moral conduct cost him a lot of support and in February 1875 he resigned at the request of President Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 111], "content_span": [112, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, John Long Routt's term as last Territorial Governor\nOn March 29, 1875, Republican John Long Routt was appointed by President Grant as to replace the unpopular Edward McCook as Governor of the Territory of Colorado. President Grant and John Routt had been close friends since their serving together for the Union in the Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 101], "content_span": [102, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, John Long Routt's term as last Territorial Governor\nRoutt's first task was to unite the local Republican party after years of infighting. He also needed to solve a growing disconnect between the inhabitants of Denver and the inhabitants of more rural areas in the territory. Many rural Coloradions believed that the gridlock and infighting in the years prior had been caused by a strong concentration of power for Denver politicians. At first, Routt had to deal with scepticism because he had also been appointed to the office without ever living in Colorado before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 101], "content_span": [102, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0005-0001", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, John Long Routt's term as last Territorial Governor\nHe assured the public by stating that he planned to move to the territory even if he had not been appointed as Governor. His term as territorial Governor was dominated by the crafting of the first State Constitution of Colorado by the 1875 constitutional convention. Routt also succeeded in uniting the factions of the local Republican party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 101], "content_span": [102, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, Colorado's final push for statehood\nIn the 1860s, the Colorado Territory, which had been created in 1861, was already relatively close to statehood. A Republican-dominated congress had passed an enabling act in 1864, that was signed by President Abraham Lincoln. The first proposed state constitution was voted down by the voters of the territory on October 11, 1864. A second proposal for a state constitution was then ratified by the voters on August 12, 1865. President Andrew Johnson, who had come into office after Lincoln's assassination, opposed statehood for the Colorado Territory fearing a strengthened Republican majority. During his term, President Johnson successfully blocked all further attempts by Congress to force statehood for the territory. After Johnson left office in 1869, Congress failed to pass a statehood bill on three separate occasions in between 1869 and 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 940]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0007-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, Colorado's final push for statehood\nThe appointment saga around Governor McCook had shown the population of the territory the need for self-government and contributed to a strong effort towards statehood. An act of Congress was again necessary for statehood. After the 1874 United States elections, control of the 44th Congress was divided, with Republicans still firmly in control of the Senate but Democrats with a newly gained majority in the House. National Democrats had long been opposed to statehood for the Colorado Territory fearing that statehood would add a solid Republican state to the Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0007-0001", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, Colorado's final push for statehood\nNewly elected Delegate Thomas M. Patterson, who was a strong proponent of statehood, worked on convincing Democrats in Congress that Colorado would elect Democratic members to Congress. Patterson pointed to his own election as proof. On the Republican side, former Delegate Jerome B. Chaffee, also a statehood proponent, made sure that Republican member of Congress would remain convinced that Colorado would vote Republican and that they supported the party's line. Republicans pushed statehood through the 43rd Congress in the last days of its term, as the Democrats would take over control of the House of Representatives after the 44th Congress was sworn-in on March 4, 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0008-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, Colorado's final push for statehood\nThe United States Congress passed an enabling act on March 3, 1875, specifying the requirements for the Territory of Colorado to become a state. On August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed a proclamation admitting the state of Colorado to the Union as the 38th state and earning it the moniker \"Centennial State\". The borders of the new state coincided with the borders that had been established for the Colorado Territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0009-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, Colorado's State Constitution\nThe enabling act laid out the process for the attempt at the first state constitution for Colorado. The territorial governor was authorized to call an election for 39 delegates within 90 days of September 1, 1875 which had to convene for the convention within 60 days of such elections. The crafted would have to be ratified by a referendum in July 1876. The enabling act had included a section stating that only those eligible to vote in territorial elections could vote in the referendum and in the prior elections for delegates to the constitutional convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0009-0001", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, Colorado's State Constitution\nThis meant that, due to territorial statue of 1868, only white males over the age of 21 were allowed to vote. The act also included constraints for the future state constitution. It specified that the constitution could make no \"civil or political distinction on the account of race or color\" and that it had to \"tolerate all religious sentiments\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0010-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, Colorado's State Constitution\nGovernor John Routt ordered elections for representatives in a Constitutional Convention, which were held on October 25, 1875. Republicans won 24 seats, while the Democrats won just 15 seats. The convention convened in Denver on December 20, 1875. The most hotly contested issues were the regulation of railroads, mines and other companies, women's suffrage, funding for  denominational schools and whether God should be mentioned in the preamble.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0011-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, Colorado's State Constitution\nThe state constitution gave black men over the age of 21 the right to vote in state, while women's suffrage was also proposed but defeated in a 28-4 vote. Delegates were afraid that territory's male electorate was against women's suffrage and that including it would doom the constitutions and thus statehood in the referendum. The fear of corruption due to the strong influence of private mining and railroad companies in the state defined many choices of the convention. The term length of Governors was set at just two years to give voters an early opportunity to reject unpopular administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0011-0001", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, Colorado's State Constitution\nArticle V, Section 25, prohibited the passing of any laws benefiting just one company and Sections 27 and 28 provided ethics standards for legislators. The constitution is also very long due to detailed instructions and restrictions of the legislative abilities of the Colorado General Assembly. The intent here was to curb the ability of business leaders to enact laws through their influence over legislators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0012-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Background, Colorado's State Constitution\nThe constitution passed the convention on March 14, 1876 in a unanimous vote of 30-0, with nine delegates absent. Due to provisions in the enabling act, the ratification referendum could not be held until July 1876. The new constitution was finally ratified by a vote of the people on July 1, 1876. The vote margin was 15,443-4,039 (79%-21%) in favor of the constitution. Only four counties, El Paso, Huerfano, Las Animas and Pueblo, voted against the constitution. At the time, the residents of those counties were mostly of Mexican heritage and the results showed their dissatisfaction with the constitution and their mistrust towards the majority Anglo-American population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0013-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Republican Primary, State Convention\nThe Republican convention was held on August 23, 1876 in Pueblo. Jerome B. Chaffee, who was considered the leader of the local Republican party, chaired the convention. When the convention convened in the morning of August 23, it was uncertain who the state party would choose as their first nominee for Governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0014-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Republican Primary, State Convention\nFormer Governor Samuel Hitt Elbert still enjoyed significant support among the delegates and the party leaders. Elbert was considered the favorite for the nomination. His removal from office in 1874 had caused widespread solidarity and his candidacy was supported by Chaffee. Incumbent Governor John Long Routt had still to fight against his image as an outsider and \"carpetbagger\". Although, Routt had gained respect among Republicans for successfully uniting the factions within the party. Lafayette Head was a candidate who had strong support among the delegates from the Hispanic-majority southern part of the new state but a limited appeal outside his geographic base. George M. Chilcott was another candidate who was seen favorably by the party's establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0015-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Republican Primary, State Convention\nAfter four rounds of balloting had ended without a candidate receiving a majority of the delegates' votes (see below), John Routt struck a deal with Lafayette Head and Samuel Elbert. Head joined Routt on the Republican ticket as the nominee for Lieutenant Governor, while Elbert accepted a nomination in the elections for the Colorado Supreme Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0016-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Democratic Primary, State Convention\nIn February 1876, Bela Metcalfe Hughes was already rumoured in an article of the Colorado Weekly Chieftain to be the likely Democratic nominee in the first Gubernatorial election in the state of Colorado. On August 29, 1876, the Democratic convention met in Manitou Springs in order to nominate candidates for the first state elections on October 3, 1876. Bela Hughes was nominated for the 1876 Colorado Gubernatorial election per acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0017-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Democratic Primary, State Convention\nBela M. Hughes was born in Carlisle, Kentucky in 1817. He had worked as a transportation businessman, developer and attorney in Missouri and Kansas. In Missouri, Hughes had also served in the state's House of Representatives and had been appointed to the office of Receiver of Public Moneys by President John Tyler. He moved to Denver in 1862. He practiced as an attorney in the city and was the first president of the Denver Pacific Railway and Telegraph Company. Just prior to his candidacy for Governor, he had served one term as a Democrat in the Territorial Council, the upper house of the legislature of the Colorado Territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0018-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, General election, Campaign\nThe slightly over one month long campaign began right after the conventions in the end of August 1876. Both nominees had very different styles of campaigning. The Democratic Nominee Bela M. Hughes hold many speeches presenting his platform. In the first three weeks of September 1876 alone, he travelled for campaign events to 15 different Colorado cities, speaking up to six nights per week. The Republican newspaper Golden Weekly Globe, published an extensive report on Hughes's speech in Golden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0018-0001", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, General election, Campaign\nIn their report, the newspaper alleged that Democratic presidential nominee Samuel J. Tilden had committed perjury and criticized Hughes for his defense and support of Tilden. The editorial also criticized Hughes' language, as he used phrases like \"damned lie\" and \"the government is going to hell\", despite the fact that there were around twenty women in the audience. On the other hand, Democratic newspapers enthusiastically supported Hughes' candidacy. This was especially the case with the Denver Mirror, a small newspaper which was published by Stanley G. Fowler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0019-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, General election, Campaign\nThe Republican nominee, Territorial Governor John Routt, did not make any public speeches during the campaign. He preferred to meet and greet voters face-to-face. At one Republican event, Routt acknowledged that he was not using rhetorical skills like his opponent. He said: \"I cannot soar as high as some of my friends on the other side, but I am short and spry, and when it comes to getting into the political pastures I can get in just as quickly as they by crawling through; perhaps I can beat them in, for they have to soar high to avoid the fences.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0019-0001", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, General election, Campaign\nThe Denver Mirror then used the image of Routt crawling through the fences to paint him in multiple cartoons as a carpetbagger, who had not been elected but appointed to the territorial governorship by President Grant after serving in different political roles in Illinois and Washington, DC. The first cartoon was published on September 17, 1876. Fowler was successful with his cartoons, which were received attention across the whole state. Routt was amused by the caricatures and began to distribute copies of them at his campaign events. In its last cartoon concerning the 1876 State Elections on October 1, 1876, the Denver Mirror called its readers to support Hughes and other Democratic candidates, stressing their support for the Silver Dollar and political reforms, while alleging that a Republican state government would be tainted by corruption.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 921]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0020-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, General election, Results\nRoutt was able to secure another term in office as Republicans managed to sweep all statewide offices and both chambers of the Colorado General Assembly. Routt won the gubernatorial election by 14,154 to 13,316 votes, a 52-48 margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0021-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, General election, Reactions\nMany Colorado Democrats questioned the accuracy of the election results. Nevertheless, Bela M. Hughes did not approve the calls for a recount and refused to request one despite the closeness of the results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0022-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Aftermath\nJohn Routt was sworn in as Colorado's 1st Governor on November 3, 1876. Routt did not run for reelection in 1878 but served another term as Colorado's as 7th Governor from 1891 to 1893. Additionally, he also served as Denver's 17th Mayor from 1883 to 1885. John Routt died in Denver on August 13, 1907.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025933-0023-0000", "contents": "1876 Colorado gubernatorial election, Aftermath\nAfter the lost gubernatorial election, Bela Hughes mostly retreated from politics. His advice was still sought but he never ran for public office again. In February 1877, he was suggested by the newspaper Memphis Appeal as United States Secretary of State, in case Democratic nominee Samuel J. Tilden would emerge as the winner of the contested 1876 Presidential election. Hughes focused on his law practice in which he was in 1888 joined by his relative Charles J. Hughes Jr., who went on to represent Colorado as a Democratic member in the United States Senate. Bela Hughes retired from his profession as a lawyer in 1893. Hughes was recognized for his significant contributions to the state in the Colorado Hall of Fame and is depicted in the Colorado State Capitol. Bela Hughes died in his Denver home in the early morning of October 3, 1902.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 894]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025934-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Columbia football team\nThe 1876 Columbia football team represented Columbia University in the 1876 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025935-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Cork City by-election\nA by-election was held in the UK House of Commons constituency of Cork City on 25 May 1876 due to the death of Joseph Philip Ronayne, one of the two incumbent Home Rule League MPs, on 7 May 1876. It was won by the Conservative candidate William Goulding because the Home Rule vote was split between two candidates. It was the last time that a parliamentary election for Cork City was won by a Conservative or Unionist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025936-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Costa Rican general election\nThe 1876 Costa Rican general election was held on April 2, 1876. Aniceto Esquivel S\u00e1enz was elected president unanimously thanks to the influence of the acting president Tom\u00e1s Guardia Guti\u00e9rrez who practically hand picked him. At that time and according to the Constitution, there were two electoral rounds; first all citizens legally allowed to vote chose electors and then the voters voted for the president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025936-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Costa Rican general election\nEsquivel would not finish his period since that same year he would be overthrown by the brothers Pedro and Pablo Quir\u00f3s Jim\u00e9nez in conspiracy with Guardia who was dissatisfied with him and in his place was named the more lenient Vicente Herrera Zeled\u00f3n, who was Guardia's puppet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025937-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Dalmatian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in 1876. The People's Party won with a record-largest majority of 30 seats in the 41 seat assembly. During the course of the government's mandate, Serb members of the People's Party formed their own Serb Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025938-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Danish Folketing election\nFolketing elections were held in Denmark on 25 April 1876. The Liberals won a majority, whilst voter turnout was around 48.6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025939-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Democratic National Convention\nThe 1876 Democratic National Convention assembled in St. Louis just nine days after the conclusion of the Republican National Convention in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025939-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Democratic National Convention\nThis was the first political convention held west of the Mississippi River. St. Louis was notified in February 1876 that it had been selected. Among the events was a fireworks display from the top of the Old Courthouse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025939-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Democratic National Convention, Proceedings\nThe convention was called to order by Democratic National Committee chairman Augustus Schell. Henry Watterson served as the temporary convention chairman and John Alexander McClernand, a retired congressman and major general, served as permanent convention president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025939-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Democratic National Convention, Platform\nThe Democratic platform pledged to replace the corruption of the Grant administration with honest, efficient government and to end \"the rapacity of carpetbag tyrannies\" in the South; called for treaty protection for naturalized U.S. citizens visiting their homeland, restrictions on Oriental immigration, and tariff reform; and opposed land grants to railroads.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025939-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Presidential candidates\nThe 12th Democratic National Convention assembled in St. Louis in June 1876. Five thousand people jammed the auditorium in St. Louis, hoping for the Democrats' first presidential victory in 20 years. The platform called for immediate and sweeping reforms following the scandal-plagued Grant administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025939-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Presidential candidates\nSix names were placed in nomination: Samuel J. Tilden, Thomas A. Hendricks, Winfield Scott Hancock, William Allen, Thomas F. Bayard, and Joel Parker. Tilden won more than 400 votes on the first ballot, a strong showing, but less than the 487 required by the convention's two-thirds rule. He won the nomination by a landslide on the second ballot. Although Tilden was strongly opposed by \"Honest John\" Kelly, the leader of New York's Tammany Hall, he was still able to obtain the nomination. According to contemporary accounts, Tilden's nomination was received by the delegates with more enthusiasm than that of any nominee since Andrew Jackson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025939-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination, Vice Presidential candidate\nThomas Hendricks was the only individual nominated for vice-president, and received the nomination almost unanimously on the first ballot. The delegation from Ohio had thought of offering the name of one of her distinguished sons, Henry B. Payne. However, the feeling of unanimity was so great that the Ohio delegation declined to present his name and seconded the nomination of Hendricks. But when the roll call vote took place, Ohio cast 8 blank ballots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 94], "content_span": [95, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025940-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Donegal by-election\nThe Donegal by-election of 1876 was fought on 26 August 1876. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Thomas Conolly. It was won by the Conservative candidate William Wilson, who beat the Liberal candidate, Thomas Lea, former member for Kidderminster, by 1,975 votes to 1876, a majority of 99.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025941-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Dorset by-election\nThe Dorset by-election of 1876 was fought on 3 February 1876. The byelection was fought due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, Henry Sturt. It was won by the Conservative candidate Edward Digby. The other candidate stood as a \"Conservative, and tenant farmer\" candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025942-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 East Cumberland by-election\nThe East Cumberland by-election of 1876 was fought on 26 April 1876. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, William Nicholson Hodgson. It was won by the Liberal candidate Stafford Howard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025943-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 East Kent by-election\nThe East Kent by-election of 1876 was held on 26 July 1876. The byelection was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Wyndham Knatchbull. It was won by the Conservative candidate William Deedes junior.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025943-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 East Kent by-election\nThe by-election was unopposed by-election. William Deedes senior, his father had previously represented the same constituency, from 1845 to 1857 and from 1857 to 1862, but William junior's political career was shorter, as he stood down from Parliament at the 1880 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025944-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 East Retford by-election\nThe East Retford by-election of 1876 was fought on 24 February 1876. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, George Monckton-Arundell. It was won by the Conservative candidate William Beckett-Denison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025945-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 East Suffolk by-election\nThe East Suffolk by-election of 1876 was fought on 22 February 1876. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, Viscount Mahon. It was won by the Conservative candidate Frederick St John Barne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025946-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 English cricket season\n1876 was the 90th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). Gloucestershire reclaimed the unofficial \"Champion County\" title. A relatively dry summer and improvements to pitches via the heavy roller saw several batting records broken.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025946-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025947-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Enniskillen by-election\nThe Enniskillen by-election of 1876 was held on 15 February 1876. The election was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, John Crichton, becoming Lord Commissioner of the Treasury. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025948-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 FA Cup Final\nThe 1876 FA Cup Final  was a football match between Wanderers and Old Etonians on 11 March 1876 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the fifth final of the world's oldest football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (known in the modern era as the FA Cup). Wanderers had won the Cup on two previous occasions. The Etonians were playing in their second consecutive final, having lost in the 1875 final. Both teams had conceded only one goal in the four rounds prior to the final. In the semi-finals Wanderers defeated Swifts and the Etonians beat the 1874 FA Cup winners Oxford University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025948-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 FA Cup Final\nThe match finished in a 1\u20131 draw, the second time an FA Cup Final had finished all-square. John Hawley Edwards scored for Wanderers, but the Etonians equalised with a goal credited in modern publications to Alexander Bonsor, although contemporary newspaper reports do not identify him as the scorer. A week later, the replay took place at the same venue. The Etonians were forced to make a number of changes due to players being unavailable, and the revised team was no match for the Wanderers, who won 3\u20130. Charles Wollaston and Thomas Hughes scored a goal apiece in a five-minute spell before half-time, and Hughes added the third early in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025948-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nOld Etonians, the team for former pupils of Eton College, had reached the 1875 final but been defeated by Royal Engineers. Wanderers had won the competition in both 1872 and 1873 but had not progressed beyond the quarter-finals in the subsequent two seasons. Both teams entered the 1875\u201376 competition at the first round stage and were allocated matches at home. Wanderers defeated a team from the 1st Surrey Rifles regiment 5\u20130, and the Etonians overcame Pilgrims 4\u20131. In the second round Wanderers defeated Crystal Palace (not the current professional club) 3\u20130 and the Etonians had an easy win over Maidenhead, scoring eight goals without reply.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025948-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nAt the quarter-final stage, Wanderers took on the world's oldest football club, Sheffield F.C. and won 20, and the Etonians gained a 1\u20130 victory over Clapham Rovers. Both semi-final matches took place at Kennington Oval in London, as stipulated in the original rules of the competition. The Etonians beat the 1874 FA Cup winners Oxford University 10 in the first semi-final, and a week later Wanderers clinched their place in the final, defeating the Slough-based club Swifts 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025948-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nThree sets of brothers played in the match. Francis and Hubert Heron lined up for the Wanderers, while the Etonians' team included Hon. Edward Lyttelton and his brother Hon. Alfred Lyttelton and Albert Meysey-Thompson and his brother Charles. The latter pair's surname had been simply Thompson until it was changed in 1874, and for the final Albert played under the name Thompson and Charles under the name Meysey. This is the only occasion that two or more pairs of brothers have played in the same FA Cup Final. Later that year, Francis Birley married Margaret, sister of his teammate Jarvis Kenrick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025948-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nThe Etonian team also included Julian Sturgis, who had been born in the U.S. and was the first foreign-born player to appear in the Cup Final (discounting those born to British parents in the British Empire), as well as Arthur Kinnaird, who had captained Wanderers to victory in the 1873 FA Cup Final. Wanderers began the match with two full-backs, two half-backs and six forwards, while the Etonians opted for one full-back, two half-backs and seven forwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025948-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nWanderers won the coin toss and chose to start the game defending the Harleyford Road end of The Oval. The crowd was estimated at 3,500, the largest for an FA Cup Final up to that point. The match was played in a strong wind, to the extent that when Frederick Maddison took a corner kick for Wanderers, the gale blew the ball back out of play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025948-0006-0001", "contents": "1876 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nThe Wanderers dominated the early stages of the game, but the Etonians kept them at bay for around 35 minutes until Charles Wollaston eluded Thompson and passed the ball to John Hawley Edwards, who kicked it narrowly under the crossbar of the Etonians' goal to give Wanderers the lead. In the second half the Old Etonians had the wind in their favour and had the better of the play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025948-0006-0002", "contents": "1876 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nAround five minutes after the interval, a corner kick to the Etonians led to a \"scrimmage\" (a term in common use at the time to describe a group of players struggling to gain possession of the ball) in front of their opponents' goal, which resulted in the ball and a number of players being forced over the goal-line, uprooting the goalposts in the process. Modern sources credit the goal to Alexander Bonsor, but contemporary newspaper reports in The Sporting Life and Bell's Life in London do not mention his name, merely noting that the goal was scored \"from a scrimmage\". Neither team could manage to score another goal, and the game finished with the scores level, meaning that for the second successive season a replay would be needed to determine the winners of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 819]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025948-0007-0000", "contents": "1876 FA Cup Final, Replay, Summary\nThe replay took place one week later at the same venue. The Wanderers fielded an unchanged team, but the Etonians had to make a number of changes, as Meysey was injured and three other players were unavailable due to other commitments. One of the replacements, Edgar Lubbock, had not long recovered from a bout of illness and was noted as being out of practice, and Kinnaird was still suffering the after-effects of an injury sustained in the original match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 34], "content_span": [35, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025948-0008-0000", "contents": "1876 FA Cup Final, Replay, Summary\nThe weather on the day of the match was extremely cold, with the threat of snow. The Etonians began the match playing in a rough manner, and there were also many appeals from the players for handball, which disrupted play. After around half an hour, the Wanderers' forwards surged towards their opponents' goal and Charles Wollaston got the final kick which sent the ball past goalkeeper Quintin Hogg, one of the replacement players brought in for the replay. Almost immediately afterwards, another massed attack by the Wanderers led to Thomas Hughes doubling the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 34], "content_span": [35, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025948-0009-0000", "contents": "1876 FA Cup Final, Replay, Summary\nSoon after half-time, Hawley Edwards, Francis Heron and Jarvis Kenrick combined in a skilful attack and set up Hughes to score his second goal of the game. Although the Wanderers' goalkeeper, W. D. O. Greig, was called into action several times, the Etonians were unable to get the ball past him, and the match finished 3\u20130 to the Wanderers. The winning team's captain Francis Birley was praised for his performance by the press, as were both Lyttleton brothers for the Etonians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 34], "content_span": [35, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025948-0010-0000", "contents": "1876 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nAs occurred each year until 1882, the winning team did not receive the trophy at the stadium on the day of the match, but later in the year at their annual dinner. In addition to receiving the Cup, the winning team each received a gold medal from the committee of Surrey County Cricket Club. A week after the replay, four of the victorious Wanderers were chosen to represent London in a match against an equivalent team from Sheffield. Despite their presence, the London XI lost the game 6\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025949-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Florida gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 Florida gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1876. Democratic nominee George F. Drew narrowly defeated Republican incumbent Marcellus L. Stearns with 50.51% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025950-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 French legislative election\nThe 1876 legislative election to the Chamber of Deputies, the lower chamber of the National Assembly of the French Third Republic under the French Constitutional Laws of 1875, was held on 20 February and 5 March 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025950-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 French legislative election\nThe result was a victory for the Republicans. President Patrice MacMahon subsequently invited Jules Simon, who declared himself \"resolutely republican and resolutely conservative\", to form a government, but dismissed him on 16 May 1877, precipitating the Seize Mai crisis and further elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025951-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 French legislative election in Algeria\nElections to the National Assembly of France were held in Algeria on 20 February 1876 as part of the wider National Assembly elections. At that time, Algeria had three representatives in the National Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025951-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 French legislative election in Algeria, Results\nLambert died on 22 January 1877. In the second round of a by-election to replace him, held on 26 April 1877, Gaston Thomson was elected with 2,963 votes against 2,654 for Fawiter (a Radical) and 2,530 for Treille.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 52], "content_span": [53, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025952-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Frome by-election\nThe Frome by-election of 1876 was fought on 23 November 1876. The byelection was fought due to the resignation  of the incumbent Conservative MP, Henry Lopes in order to become a Judge of the High Court of Justice. It was won by the Liberal candidate Henry Samuelson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025953-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities by-election\nThe Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities by-election of 1876 was fought on 6\u201310 November 1876. The byelection was fought due to the resignation (Lords of Appeal in Ordinary) of the incumbent Conservative MP, Edward Strathearn Gordon. It was won by the Conservative candidate William Watson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025954-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Grand National\nThe 1876 Grand National was the 38th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 24 March 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025955-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Greenback National Convention\nThe 1876 Greenback National Convention was held in Indianapolis in the spring of 1876. The Greenback Party had been organized by agricultural interests in Indianapolis in 1874 to urge the federal government to inflate the economy through the mass issuance of paper money called greenbacks. Peter Cooper was nominated for president with 352 votes to 119 for three other contenders. The convention nominated anti-monopolist Senator Newton Booth of California for vice-president; after Booth declined to run, the national committee chose Samuel Fenton Cary as his replacement on the ticket. Cooper was 85 years old at the time of his nomination, thus the oldest person ever nominated by a political party to serve as President of the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025955-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Greenback National Convention, Candidates gallery\nThe Greenback Party had been organized by agricultural interests in Indianapolis in 1874 to urge the federal government to inflate the economy through the mass issuance of paper money called greenbacks. Their first national nominating convention was held in Indianapolis in the spring of 1876. Peter Cooper was nominated for president with 352 votes to 119 for three other contenders. The convention nominated anti-monopolist Senator Newton Booth of California for vice-president; after Booth declined to run, the national committee chose Samuel Fenton Cary as his replacement on the ticket. Cooper was 85 years old at the time of his nomination, thus the oldest person ever nominated by a political party to serve as President of the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025956-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Hartford Dark Blues season\nThe Hartford Dark Blues joined the new National League for its first season in 1876, and team owner Morgan Bulkeley was the first National League president. They finished the season in third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025956-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Hartford Dark Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025956-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Hartford Dark Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025956-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Hartford Dark Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025957-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Hartley colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Hartley on 21 April 1876 because the Committee of Elections and Qualifications found that Thomas Brown had an office of profit under the crown and declared that his seat was vacant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025957-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Hartley colonial by-election, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nThomas Brown owned land at Eskbank at what is now Lithgow, some of which was acquired using Robert Pitt as a dummy or proxy, circumventing the Lands Act 1861. Coal was mined at the property and William Pitt was the colliery manager. In October 1875 Thomas Brown responded to a tender for the supply of coal to the railway, however no contract was awarded. In December 1875 a fresh tender was called and William Pitt personally submitted a tender which was accepted. Samuel Gray said in the Legislative Assembly that Thomas Brown leased the colliery to William Pitt and that the only connection between them was one of landlord and tenant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025957-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Hartley colonial by-election, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nThe Committee found that Thomas Brown was the owner of the Eskbank Colliery, the coal supplied by William Pitt was taken from the Eskbank Colliery and that Thomas Brown had a \"direct interest in a contract entered into with the Government by the said William Pitt for the supply of engine coal for the Great Southern and Western Railways\" and was therefore disqualified from being a member of the Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025957-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Hartley colonial by-election, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nAfter the Committee report was tabled Thomas Brown attempted to resign, however the Legislative Assembly adopted the report of the Committee and declared the seat was vacant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025957-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Hartley colonial by-election, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nThe question of whether Hugh Taylor had an interest in a contract for the supply of meat to the government asylum at Parramatta was referred to the Committee on the same day as Thomas Brown. Taylor resigned after the report on Thomas Brown had been tabled, but before the Committee had reported on whether he too was disqualified, and the resulting by-election was held on Thursday 20 April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025958-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Horsham by-election\nThe Horsham by-election of 1876 was held on 29 February 1876. The byelection was fought due to the previous by-election being declared void. This had resulted in the election of the Liberal MP Robert Henry Hurst (junior).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025958-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Horsham by-election\nThe Conservative candidate, Sir Hardinge Gifford, had been appointed as Solicitor General the year before, although he had not yet gotten a seat in the Commons. It was won by the Liberal candidate James Clifton Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025959-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Huntingdon by-election\nThe Huntingdon by-election of 1876 was fought on 16 February 1876. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Burgess Karslake. It was won by the Conservative candidate Viscount Hinchingbrooke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025960-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Illinois gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 Illinois gubernatorial election was the sixteenth election for this office. Representative Shelby Moore Cullom narrowly defeated businessman Lewis Steward for the Governorship of Illinois. This was the narrowest victory for a Republican Governor since 1856, when William H. Bissell narrowly won the office in a plurality. Cullom's victory was the sixth consecutive victory for the Republican Party. Cullom also slightly overperformed Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes in the concurrent Presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025960-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Illinois gubernatorial election\nRepublican Andrew Shuman was elected Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. At this time in Illinois history, the Lieutenant Governor was elected on a separate ballot from the governor. This would remain so until the 1970 constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025961-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Indiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on October 10, 1876. Democratic nominee James D. Williams defeated Republican nominee Benjamin Harrison with 49.06% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025962-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1876 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 21 July 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025963-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Ipswich by-election\nThe Ipswich by-election of 1876 was fought on 1 January 1876. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Cobbold. It was won by his younger brother the Conservative candidate Thomas Cobbold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025964-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Italian general election\nThe Italian general election of 1876 was held in Italy on 5 November, with a second round of voting on 12 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025964-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nThe Historical Left was led by the current Prime Minister of Italy, Agostino Depretis, who became head of the government and early elections were called.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025964-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nOn the other hand, the bloc of the Historical Right was led by Marco Minghetti, former Prime Minister from Bologna.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025964-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nThe election on 5 and 12 November was a snap one, and it came after MPs from Tuscany became dissatisfied with the government of Minghetti following its refusal to intervene in the financial problems of Florence. The government was defeated on a vote on nationalising railways on 18 March 1876 and was forced to resign and Depretis was appointed Prime Minister. For the first time, the left-wing won an election, taking 414 of the 508 seats, of which 12 were extreme left-wingers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025964-0003-0001", "contents": "1876 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nAs opposed to the previous right-wing governments, whose members were largely aristocrats representing rentiers from the north of the country, and held moderate political views including loyalty to the crown and low government spending, the left-wing government represented the bourgeoisie of the south of the country and supported low taxation, secularism, a strong foreign policy and public jobs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025964-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nOnly 605,007 men of a total population of around 28 million were entitled to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025965-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1876. Republican nominee George T. Anthony defeated Democratic nominee John Martin with 56.78% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025966-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1876 Kentucky Derby was the 2nd running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 15, 1876. Winning horse Vagrant ran carrying only 97 pounds, one of the lightest loads carried by a winner in Derby history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025966-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Kentucky Derby, Payout\nThe winner received a purse of $2,950. The second-place finisher received $200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025967-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Leeds by-election\nThe Leeds by-election of 1876 was fought on 15 August 1876. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Robert Meek Carter. It was won by the Liberal candidate John Barran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025968-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Leitrim by-election\nThe Leitrim by-election of 1876 was fought on 14 July 1876. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, William Ormsby-Gore. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Francis O'Beirne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025969-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Leominster by-election\nThe Leominster by-election was a by-election held on 15\u201316 February 1876 for the British House of Commons constituency of Leominster in Herefordshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025969-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Leominster by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation on 8 February 1875 of the serving Conservative Party MP, Richard Arkwright. After a close-fought campaign, the result was a gain for the Liberal candidate, Thomas Blake, with a majority of 85 over the Conservative, Charles Spencer Bateman Hanbury Kincaid-Lennox, brother of Lord Bateman. This came as something of a surprise as no Liberal had been elected to the constituency for the previous 25 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025970-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Liskeard by-election\nThe Liskeard by-election of 1876 was fought on 22 December 1876. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Edward Horsman. It was won by the Liberal candidate Leonard Courtney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025971-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Liverpool Plains colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Liverpool Plains on 5 June 1876 because Hanley Bennett was insolvent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025972-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Liverpool School Board election\nElections to the Liverpool School Board were held on Friday 17 November 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025972-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Liverpool School Board election\nAfter the election, the composition of the school board was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025973-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Liverpool Town Council election\nElections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Wednesday 1 November 1876. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025973-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Liverpool Town Council election, Election result\nBecause of the large number of contested seats, these statistics should be read in that context.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025973-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 8, Pitt Street, 23 April 1877\nThe death of Alderman William Barton was reported to the Council on 4 April 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025973-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 8, Pitt Street, 23 April 1877\nCouncillor Henry Jennings (Conservative, Pitt Street, elected 1 November 1875) was elected by the Council as an Alderman on 9 April 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025973-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 8, Pitt Street, 23 April 1877\nThis election was declared void on 27 June 1877 under the Corrupt Practices (Municipal Elections) Act 1872 and reported to the Council on 4 July 1877. The election was re-run on 23rd Mar 1878", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025974-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Louisiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 Louisiana gubernatorial election was the third and final election to take place under the Louisiana Constitution of 1868. As a result of this election Francis T. Nicholls became Governor of Louisiana, but not before the election was contested by his opponent. The results of this election, like those of 1872, were disputed. The dispute was resolved by the Compromise of 1877 which gave the Governor's Mansion to Democrat Francis T. Nicholls. The Compromise also gave Republican presidential candidate Rutherford B. Hayes the electoral votes of several disputed states, including Louisiana, which resulted in his election to the White House. The election of Nicholls marked the end of Reconstruction in Louisiana and the decline of the Republican Party of Louisiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 813]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025975-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Louisville Grays season\nThe Louisville Grays were formed prior to the 1876 Major League Baseball season and joined the just formed National League as a charter member. They finished in fifth place in their debut season under manager Jack Chapman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025975-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Louisville Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025975-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Louisville Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025975-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Louisville Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025975-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Louisville Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025976-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 11, 1876. Incumbent Republican Governor Seldon Connor defeated Democratic nominee John C. Talbot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025977-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 7. Incumbent Republican Governor Alexander H. Rice was re-elected to a second term in office over former Minister to Great Britain Charles F. Adams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025977-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Convention\nRice was nominated without opposition at the convention in Worcester on September 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025977-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democratic nomination, Campaign\nFormer Governor William Gaston, who had been the party nominee in the prior three elections, was considered an early favorite for a fourth nomination. However, a movement to draft Charles F. Adams, the former Minister to Great Britain during the Civil War, was brought about by New York associates of Governor Samuel Tilden, who had become the party's presidential nominee and national leader at the 1876 Democratic National Convention in June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025977-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democratic nomination, Campaign\nAt the convention, the boom for Adams was led by delegates from Western Massachusetts and supported on the grounds that an Adams nomination would lend support to Tilden's reformist campaign for President. Opposition to Adams came from conservative Bourbon Democrats, who opposed Adams for his former membership in the Republican Party, and Irish-born Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025977-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democratic nomination, Convention\nU.S. Representative William W. Warren was named permanent chairman of the convention at Worcester on September 6. He gave a long speech embracing Tilden, Adams, and Gaston and opposed to the Grant administration's policy of protective tariffs and failure to resume specie payments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025977-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democratic nomination, Convention\nWhen the Committee on Resolutions was announced, competing cheers were made for Patrick Collins, a Gaston supporter from Boston, and James Scollay Whitney, an Adams supporter from the West. Whitney gave a speech explaining that a compromise would be reached between the parties and a recess was called. During the recess, Gaston allegedly received a telegram from Tilden requesting his withdrawal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025977-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democratic nomination, Convention\nDuring a recess, Gaston withdrew his name from consideration. He was welcomed to the stage and withdrew his name, moving to nominate Adams by acclamation. Whitney declined calls to for him to \"Call for the Nays!\" and the ticket was carried without dissent recorded. Gaston was made a elector-at-large for the Tilden ticket, though some hoped that he would be nominated for Lieutenant Governor on the assumption that Adams would join the Tilden cabinet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025977-0007-0000", "contents": "1876 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democratic nomination, Convention\nThere were some rumors that Adams would decline the nomination, but nothing came of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025977-0008-0000", "contents": "1876 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, General election, Campaign\nThe Rice campaign faced opposition from prohibitionists, labor reformers, and conservative Republicans. There were rumors of U.S. Representative Benjamin Butler, a powerful kingmaker from Lowell, throwing his support behind Prohibition candidate John I. Baker in revenge for Rice's support of Ebenezer R. Hoar's independent campaign against Butler. Adams's strength was among intellectuals, reformers, and in the West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 69], "content_span": [70, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025977-0009-0000", "contents": "1876 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, General election, Campaign\nDuring the campaign, U.S. Senator James G. Blaine attacked Adams for his conduct during the War and his earlier proposal to preserve slavery by constitutional amendment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 69], "content_span": [70, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025977-0010-0000", "contents": "1876 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, General election, Results\nUltimately, Rice won re-election with an increased majority, although far smaller than Rutherford B. Hayes's majority in the presidential election, owing to the Prohibition campaign against him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 68], "content_span": [69, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025978-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 97th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1876 during the governorship of Alexander H. Rice. George B. Loring served as president of the Senate and John Davis Long served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025979-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Melbourne Cup\nThe 1876 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 7 November 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025979-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Melbourne Cup\nThis year was the sixteenth running of the Melbourne Cup. The race is most famous for winning jockey Peter St. Albans (real name: Micheal Bowden) who became the youngest Melbourne Cup winning jockey at 12 (he was actually a few days shy of his 11th birthday). Briseis, who won the Doncaster Handicap at two, won by two lengths and was the first of three fillies to win the race the Cup. She also completed the VRC Derby and Melbourne Cup double. Briseis won in a field of 33 and \"The boy who rode the winner was carried around the pack and is the hero of the day\" reported the Australasian Sketcher. Both Peter St Albans and Briseis have now become racing legends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025979-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Melbourne Cup\nThis is the list of placegetters for the 1876 Melbourne Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025980-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Mexican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Mexico in 1876. Incumbent president Sebasti\u00e1n Lerdo de Tejada was re-elected with over 90% of the vote. However, he was removed from office by the end of the year as a result of the Plan of Tuxtepec.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025981-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1876. Republican nominee Charles Croswell defeated Democratic nominee William L. Webber with 52.39% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025982-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Mid Cheshire by-election\nThe Mid Cheshire by-election of 1876 was fought on 18 July 1876. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Egerton Leigh. It was won by the Conservative candidate Piers Egerton-Warburton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025983-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Missouri gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1876 and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, former Congressman (and 1868 gubernatorial nominee) John S. Phelps, over the Republican candidate, former Congressman Gustavus A. Finkelnburg, and Greenback nominee J. P. Alexander.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025984-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Mudgee colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Mudgee on 5 October 1876 because of the death of Stephen Goold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025985-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Murrumbidgee colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Murrumbidgee on 21 February 1876 because William Forster was appointed Agent-General in London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025986-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 NYU Violets football team\nThe 1876 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University in the 1876 college football season. The team played one game, losing to Stevens Institute of Technology by an 8\u20130 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025987-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 New Shoreham by-election\nThe New Shoreham by-election of 1876 was fought on 4 August 1876. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Percy Burrell. It was won by the Conservative candidate Walter Burrell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025988-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 New York Mutuals season\nAfter five seasons in the National Association, the 1876 New York Mutuals finished with a record of 21\u201335, good for 6th place in the National League. It would prove to be their only season in the league, as they were expelled from the league as punishment for refusing to make a late-season road trip during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025988-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025988-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025988-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025988-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025989-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 New York state election\nThe 1876 New York state election was held on November 7, 1876, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and two members of the New York State Senate. Besides, two constitutional amendments were proposed - to abolish the elected Canal Commissioners and appoint a Superintendent of Public Works instead; and to abolish the elected New York State Prison Inspectors and appoint a Superintendent of State Prisons instead - and both were accepted by the electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025989-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on August 23 at the Town Hall in Saratoga Springs , New York. Warner Miller was Temporary Chairman until the choice of John M. Francis as Permanent Chairman. Ex-Governor Edwin D. Morgan (in office 1859-1862) was nominated for Governor on the first ballot (vote: Morgan 242, William M. Evarts 126, William H. Robertson 24, Martin I. Townsend 18). Sherman S. Rogers was nominated for Lieutenant Governor on the first ballot (vote: Rogers 240, Theodore M. Pomeroy 178).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025989-0001-0001", "contents": "1876 New York state election, History\nGeorge F. Danforth was nominated for Judge of the Court of Appeals on the second ballot (first ballot: Danforth 107, Lyman Tremain 81, Prescott 67, Erastus Cook 49, Edwin Countryman 31, Bullard 14; second ballot: Danforth 185, Tremain 83, Prescott 70). Daniel G. Spencer was nominated for Canal Commissioner after a rising vote (vote: Spencer 113, Benjamin Carpenter 109). Charles W. Trowbridge was nominated for Prison Inspector after the first ballot (vote: Trowbridge 147, John W. Veeder 40, William W. Enos 33, William P. More 31, Charles Tremain 29, William Post 2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025989-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 New York state election, History\nThe Liberal Republican state convention met also on August 23 at Saratoga, New York. Benjamin F. Manierre was Chairman. The convention endorsed the Republican ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025989-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on August 30 at Saratoga, New York. Judge Gray was Chairman. Ex-Governor Horatio Seymour (in office 1853-1854 and 1863-1864) was nominated for Governor again. The convention re-assembled on August 31, and re-nominated the incumbent Lieutenant Governor William Dorsheimer by acclamation. Then Lester C. Faulkner read a telegram received from the Committee that informed Seymour of his nomination, stating in a roundabout way that Seymour, who was already in bad health at home in Utica, New York, had accepted the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025989-0003-0001", "contents": "1876 New York state election, History\nRobert Earl for Judge of the Court of Appeals, and Darius A. Ogden for Canal Commissioner, were nominated by acclamation. Robert H. Anderson was nominated for Prison Inspector on the first ballot (vote: Anderson 163, Benjamin S. W. Clark 146). After a few more speeches, the convention adjourned sine die in the afternoon. In the evening, it was discovered that Seymour had not accepted the nomination, but on the contrary had sent a telegram to Chairman Gray before the opening of the second day's session declining the nomination. This telegram was held back on the advice of Daniel Magone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025989-0003-0002", "contents": "1876 New York state election, History\nIt was believed that the Tilden faction had the intention to have the State Committee select a candidate later. Others believed that the hiding of Seymour's refusal from the convention was done with the intention to force him to stay on the ticket, help to get the Democratic ticket elected and then resign, like Martin Van Buren who resigned two months into his term to let his lieutenant Enos T. Throop occupy the office. The convention re-assembled on September 13 at Congress Hall in Saratoga, and nominated State Comptroller Lucius Robinson for Governor, whereupon John Kelly resigned from the ticket on which he had been placed as a presidential elector at-large.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025989-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 New York state election, History\nThe Greenback convention met on September 26 at Martin's Opera House in Albany, New York. A. A. Carsey was Temporary and Permanent Chairman. Richard M. Griffin for Governor; Thomas Armstrong for Lieutenant Governor; Abraham J. Cuddeback for Canal Commissioner; Marcena M. Dickinson, of Nyack, for Judge of the Court of Appeals; and John W. Crump for Prison Inspector; were nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025989-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 New York state election, Result\nWith the ratification of the two amendments, this was the last time Canal Commissioners and Prison Inspectors were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025990-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 North Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1876. Democratic nominee Zebulon Baird Vance defeated Republican nominee Thomas Settle with 52.83% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025991-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 North Norfolk by-election\nThe North Norfolk by-election of 1876 was fought on 21 April 1876. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Frederick Walpole. It was won by the Conservative candidate James Duff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025992-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 North Shropshire by-election\nThe North Shropshire by-election of 1876 was fought on 3 February 1876. The byelection was fought due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Ormsby-Gore. It was won by the Conservative candidate Stanley Leighton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025993-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Northwestern University football team\nThe 1876 Northwestern University football team represented Northwestern University during the 1876 college football season. The first Northwestern football team played one game, losing to the Chicago Football Club with two goals from touchdown and three touchdowns scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025994-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Norwegian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Norway in 1876. As political parties were not officially established until 1884, all those elected were independents. Voter turnout was 43.1, although only 4.6% of the country's population was eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025995-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Open Championship\nThe 1876 Open Championship was the 16th Open Championship, held on Saturday 30 September at the Old Course at St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Bob Martin won the Championship. He had tied with Davie Strath but Strath refused to take part in the playoff and Martin took the title. The combination of a large crowd and the fact that a number of Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews members were playing the course caused a number of problems. An objection was made against Strath for hitting a spectator at the 17th. The objection was not decided on the evening of the contest and Strath was informed that he would have to play on the Monday, under protest. Objecting to this arrangement, Strath refused to take part.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025995-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Open Championship\nIn the first round Strath reached the turn in 43 and finished with 86. Martin was 42 after the first nine but took 7 at the 17th and also finished on 86. Tom Morris, Sr. scored 90 while Park had a poor start (7-6-6), going out in 49 and finished with 94. In the second round Strath's second shot at the 14th struck a Mr. Hutton (upholsterer), \"who was playing out\", on the forehead and he fell to the ground. Strath was shaken by the event and scored 6 at the hole followed by another 6 at the next.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025995-0001-0001", "contents": "1876 Open Championship\nHis tee shot at the 17th ended in the Station Park but he was able to climb the wall and played his second well up the course. There was now a large crowd and Strath's third shot \"struck some party standing near the hole\" which stopped it and he holed out for a 5, finishing with a 6 for a round of 90. Martin finished 7-5 and also scored 90. Park scored 89 to finish in third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025995-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Open Championship\nThe Open was played, like the 1873 tournament, during the Royal and Ancient autumn meeting at St Andrews and many members of the club were playing golf among the competitors. \"The links were so crowded by golfers so as to interrupt the play. Often several of the couples had to stand waiting before they could play up to the putting greens. Indeed, to this fact may be traced the unfortunate result of the competition.\" \"The members of the Royal and Ancient might have exercised that courtesy which is invariably accorded them on their medal days.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025995-0002-0001", "contents": "1876 Open Championship\n\"At the close it was found that Davie Strath and Bob Martin had tied at 176, but the former having, it is said, infringed one of the rules by playing before a previous couple had holed out, and striking one of the spectators, objection was lodged and the matter has been referred to the Club Council. The playoff was due to be played on the Monday \"under protest, but Strath refused to do so, and Martin walked over the course.\" It seems that Club Council were to make their decision after the playoff but Strath felt that the decision should be made before the playoff and refused to take part.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025995-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Open Championship\nThis was the third occasion (after 1870 and 1872) that Strath was runner-up in the Open Championship. He fell ill with consumption in 1878 and went to Australia to recover. He died there in 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025995-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Open Championship, Final leaderboard, Playoff\nMartin and Strath were due to play an 18-hole playoff but Strath refused to play and the Championship was awarded to Martin. Martin took the first prize of \u00a310 while Strath took \u00a35 for second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 50], "content_span": [51, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025995-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Open Championship, Final leaderboard, Playoff\nMorris, Park and Thomson, who tied for fourth place, had a playoff on Monday morning. Tom Morris, Sr. (92) took 4th prize of \u00a33, Mungo Park (94) took 5th prize of \u00a32 while Willie Thomson (96) took 6th prize of \u00a31 10s. Park played with Thomson while Morris played with Willie Park who also scored 92. Morris was out in 43 which included a two at the 8th hole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 50], "content_span": [51, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025995-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 Open Championship, Final leaderboard, Playoff\nThere was further playoff on Monday for seventh place. Bob Kirk (94) took 7th prize of \u00a31 (Henry Lamb, as an amateur, could not accept the 7th place prize money). Gourlay (104) took 10s for 8th prize. It seems that George Paxton did not compete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 50], "content_span": [51, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025996-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Parramatta colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Parramatta on 20 April 1876 caused by the resignation of sitting member Hugh Taylor after he was referred to the Committee of Elections and Qualification as to whether he had a position of profit under the crown as a result of the supply of meat by him to Mr Dunn who in turn had a contract to supply meat to government asylums.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025996-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Parramatta colonial by-election, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nThe question of Thomas Brown's eligibility had been referred to the committee on the same day. The Committee found that Thomas Brown was the owner of the Eskbank Colliery, the coal supplied by William Pitt was taken from the Eskbank Colliery and that Thomas Brown had a \"direct interest in a contract entered into with the Government by the said William Pitt for the supply of engine coal for the Great Southern and Western Railways\" and was therefore disqualified from being a member of the Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025996-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Parramatta colonial by-election, Committee of Elections and Qualifications\nTaylor resigned after the report on Thomas Brown had been tabled, but before the Committee had reported on whether he too was disqualified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025997-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Pembrokeshire by-election\nThe Pembrokeshire by-election of 1876 was fought on 26 June 1876. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Scourfield. It was won by the Conservative candidate James Bevan Bowen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025998-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1876 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1876 college football season. They finished with a 1\u20132 record. This was the first season for the Penn Quakers football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025999-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Philadelphia Athletics season\nAfter five seasons in the National Association, the 1876 Philadelphia Athletics finished the first season of the National League with a record of 14\u201345, good for 7th place. It would prove to be their only season in the league, as they were expelled from the league as punishment for refusing to make a late-season road trip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025999-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025999-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025999-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00025999-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026000-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe 1876 Prince Edward Island election was held on 10 October 1876 to elect members of the House of Assembly of the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada. It was won by the Conservative party. It was Prince Edward Island's first general election as a Canadian province.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026001-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1876 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1876 college football season. The team finished with a 3\u20132 record and outscored its opponents, 15\u20133, but lost to both Harvard and Yale. 1876 was the only year between 1872 and 1881 that Princeton did not claim at least a share of the national championship assigned retroactively by either the Billingsley Report, the National Championship Foundation, or Parke H. Davis. The captain of the team was A. J. McCosh in the fall and B. Nicoll in the spring of 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026002-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Prohibition National Convention\nThe 1876 Prohibition National Convention was a presidential nominating convention held at Halle's Hall, in Cleveland, Ohio on May 17, 1876, to select the Prohibition Party's presidential ticket for the 1876 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026002-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Prohibition National Convention, Presidential nomination\nOn May 17, 1876, the national convention was called to open by party Secretary John Russell due to the absence of Chairman Simeon B. Chase and was attended by 150 delegates, which one source describes as \"not largely attended\". Green Clay Smith, the former Territorial Governor of Montana, was selected to serve as the temporary chairman of the convention. James H. Raper, a representative from the United Kingdom Alliance, gave a speech at the convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026002-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Prohibition National Convention, Presidential nomination\nOn the first ballot a variety of candidates split the 70 votes cast including Green Clay Smith with 28 votes, former presidential nominee James Black with 12, former vice presidential nominee John Russell with 8, R. A. Brown with 7, former New York Governor Myron H. Clark with 5, Gideon T. Stewart with 3, James G. Blaine with 2, and five others received a single vote each: former Portland Mayor Neal Dow, abolitionist and advocate for Native Americans Wendell Phillips, S. Merritt, W. D. Dodge and R. M. Foust. On the second ballot, Smith received a majority of 46 votes and was nominated as the party's presidential candidate. Stewart was selected to be the vice presidential nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 750]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026002-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Prohibition National Convention, Platform\nThe platform drafted by the Platform Committee gave support to alcoholic prohibition in Washington, D.C., territories, and every state, equal suffrage and office eligibility regardless of race and gender, free public education, direct election of the president, vice president, and senators, increasing immigration, decreasing governmental salaries, and opposition to the death penalty, gambling, and lotteries. The delegates also voted to reaffirm their support for the party's platform that was created at the national convention during the 1872 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026003-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Republican National Convention\nThe 1876 Republican National Convention was a presidential nominating convention held at the Exposition Hall in Cincinnati, Ohio on June 14\u201316, 1876. President Ulysses S. Grant had considered seeking a third term, but with various scandals, a poor economy and heavy Democratic gains in the House of Representatives that led many Republicans to repudiate him, he declined to run. The convention resulted in the nomination of Governor Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio for president and Representative William A. Wheeler of New York for vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026003-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Republican National Convention, Overview\nThe convention was called to order by Republican National Committee chairman Edwin D. Morgan. Theodore M. Pomeroy served as the convention's temporary chairman and Edward McPherson served as permanent president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026003-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Republican National Convention, Overview\nThe principal candidates at the convention included Senator James G. Blaine of Maine, the former Speaker of the House; Senator Oliver P. Morton of Indiana; Secretary of the Treasury Benjamin H. Bristow of Kentucky; Senator Roscoe Conkling of New York; Governor Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio; and Governor John F. Hartranft of Pennsylvania. James Russell Lowell, well-known poet and a professor at Harvard College, spoke on behalf of Hayes. Three candidates, including Secretary Benjamin Bristow, Postmaster General Marshall Jewell of Connecticut, and Secretary of State Elihu B. Washburne of Illinois were former Cabinet members of President Ulysses S. Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026003-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Republican National Convention, Overview\nBlaine led after the first ballot, but had only 285 of the 378 delegates required to secure the nomination. Morton, Bristow, and Conkling each had around 100 delegates, while Hayes and Hartranft each had around 60. The second, third, and fourth ballots saw similar results, but Hayes began to surge on the fifth ballot, passing Morton and Conkling to secure third place after Blaine and Bristow. The sixth ballot saw Blaine rise to 308, but, with the other candidates fading, Hayes continued his surge, moving into second place. After the sixth ballot, the Bristow, Conkling, Morton, and Hartranft supporters withdrew their candidates' names from consideration, leaving Hayes as the sole focus of opposition to Blaine. With the other candidates gone, Hayes won a narrow majority on the seventh ballot and secured the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 874]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026003-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Republican National Convention, Overview\nThe Convention then went on to choose a vice presidential nominee. Representative William A. Wheeler of New York won a majority on the first ballot, defeating Marshall Jewell, Stewart L. Woodford of New York, Joseph R. Hawley of Connecticut, and Frederick T. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026003-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Republican National Convention, Overview\nThe Republican ticket of Hayes and Wheeler went on to lose the popular vote to Democrats Samuel J. Tilden and Thomas A. Hendricks in the election of 1876, but won the electoral vote after a controversy which was resolved by the Compromise of 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026004-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 5, 1876. Incumbent Republican Governor Henry Lippitt defeated Prohibition Party nominee Albert C. Howard and Democratic nominee William B. Beach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026004-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nSince no candidate received a majority in the popular vote, Lippitt was elected by the Rhode Island General Assembly per the state constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026004-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Rhode Island gubernatorial election, General election, Legislative election\nAs no candidate received a majority of the vote, the Rhode Island General Assembly was required to decide the election, choosing among the top two vote-getters, Lippitt and Howard. The legislative election was held on May 30, 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 80], "content_span": [81, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026004-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Rhode Island gubernatorial election, Bibliography\nThis Rhode Island elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 54], "content_span": [55, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026005-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1876 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1876 college football season. The Queensmen played only one intercollegiate game, a 3\u20132 victory over Stevens on November 1. The team had no coach, and its captain was Andrew Raymond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026006-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Rutlandshire by-election\nThe Rutlandshire by-election of 1876 was fought on 17 August 1876. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Gerard Noel, becoming First Commissioner of Works. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026007-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 San Felipe hurricane\nThe San Felipe Hurricane was the second tropical cyclone of the 1876 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm was first observed east of the Leeward Islands on September 12, later intensifying to a category 3 hurricane while approaching Puerto Rico. In the upcoming days, the storm would make landfall on Hispaniola and Cuba, while also at hurricane intensity. Weakening to a tropical storm, it crossed the island until emerging over central Cuba, and passing just east of Florida. The storm re-intensified into a hurricane and struck near Wilmington, North Carolina as a minimal hurricane. Continuing inland, the San Felipe Hurricane gradually weakened over the United States, reaching near Cape Cod before dissipation on September 19. The San Felipe Hurricane was the only tropical cyclone in the season to result in fatalities, according to records of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 888]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026007-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 San Felipe hurricane, Meteorological history\nA hurricane was first observed east of the Leeward Islands on September 12, hitting the islands that night. It first passed through Antigua, St. Kitts, and the Virgin Islands. It strengthened on the next day to become a Category 3 hurricane, and hit Puerto Rico at that intensity on September 13; it entered by Yabucoa and Humacao at about seven in the morning and left the island through Mayag\u00fcez at 1:30 local time in the afternoon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026007-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 San Felipe hurricane, Meteorological history\nThe minimum pressure that was measured in San Juan was about 29.20 inches of mercury (989\u00a0hPa) in the morning on September 14, with winds up to about 60\u00a0mph and rain at around 4.71 inches (120\u00a0mm). The hurricane maintained this intensity and made landfall on the eastern side of Puerto Rico. Shortly after landfall, the hurricane rapidly weakened to a Category 2 hurricane, then to a Category 1 hurricane after reemerging in the Atlantic. Again maintaining strength, the hurricane made landfall on the eastern tip of Dominican Republic with winds of 80\u00a0mph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026007-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 San Felipe hurricane, Impact\nIt is remembered in the hurricane history of the Antilles because the famous scientist and scholar Father Benito Vi\u00f1es went to Puerto Rico from Cuba to conduct a study to calculate the damages of the hurricane. It was the first hurricane in which a rain gauge was used. San Felipe affected Puerto Rico for ten hours, killing nineteen people. Although there were 19 deaths reported, historians suspected the Spanish Government withheld the actual damage and death toll data for Puerto Rico. At least two drownings occurred in Onslow County, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026007-0003-0001", "contents": "1876 San Felipe hurricane, Impact\nFlooding, damage to buildings, and uprooted trees were reported from Wilmington. A bridge across Market Street there was washed away. The storm was remembered as the \"San Felipe Hurricane\" because it struck on September 13, the feast day of Saint Philip. Exactly 52\u00a0years later, Puerto Rico was struck by Hurricane San Felipe Segundo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match\nThe 1876 association football match between the national teams representing Scotland and Wales was the first game played by the latter side. It took place on 25 March 1876 at Hamilton Crescent, Partick, the home ground of the West of Scotland Cricket Club. The match was also the first time that Scotland had played against a side other than England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match\nThe fixture was organised by Llewelyn Kenrick, who had founded the Football Association of Wales (FAW) only a few weeks earlier in response to a letter published in The Field. Advertisements were placed in several sporting journals for Welsh players, or those with more than three years residence in the country, to come forward and the Welsh team was selected after trial matches were held at the Racecourse Ground in Wrexham. The FAW selected the side and Kenrick was appointed captain for the fixture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match\nAs the more experienced team, Scotland dominated the match and had several chances to score in the first half. They had a goal disallowed after scoring directly from a corner kick, before taking the lead after 40 minutes through John Ferguson. In the early stages of the second half, Wales attempted to play more openly to find a goal, but the Scottish side took advantage of their opponent's inexperience and scored two further goals. The first was a rebound off the goalpost which was converted by Billy MacKinnon; the second was headed in by debutant James Lang. Scotland added a fourth through Henry McNeil and claimed a victory in front of a crowd of around 17,000 people, a record for an international fixture at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match\nThe two nations have met frequently since this first match, playing against each other every year in friendly matches until 1884 when the British Home Championship was introduced. The competition was an annual tournament, and Scotland and Wales played a fixture against each other every year until 1984, apart from when competitive football was suspended during the First and Second World Wars. In total, the two sides have played more than 100 matches against each other since the first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Background\nThe first officially recognised international association football match was played between Scotland and England on 30 November 1872. This had been preceded by a series of \"unofficial\" matches between the two sides in the previous two years, played at The Oval, a cricket ground in South London. As a result, the two sides are recognised as the joint oldest international football teams in history. Following the first game, Scotland and England met annually in a series of friendly matches. By the time their fixture against Wales was organised in 1876, Scotland had played England on five occasions in official matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Background\nClub football was well established in Scotland with the founding of Queen's Park in 1867, although the earliest Scottish club is believed to be the Foot-Ball Club of Edinburgh founded in 1827. The Scottish Football Association (SFA) and the Scottish Cup had been founded in 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Background\nIn Wales, association football had struggled to gain recognition, rugby union being the preferred sport, especially in the south. Football clubs were establishing in North Wales though \u2013 Druids and Wrexham were both founded in 1872. There was no recognised league or cup football until 1877 when the Welsh Cup was introduced and the first league was not founded until the start of the 20th century when the Welsh Football League was created. The clubs would instead have to arrange friendly matches between themselves on an ad hoc basis. It would take several decades before football became established in the south, Cardiff City becoming the first team from the region to win the Welsh Cup in 1912.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 748]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0007-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Preparation\nIn January 1876, a London-based Welshman, G. A. Clay-Thomas, placed an advertisement in The Field magazine, a sports and country publication, proposing that a team be formed from Welsh men residing in London to play Scotland or Ireland at rugby. Llewelyn Kenrick of the Druids club saw the advertisement but decided that the international match should be association football and the field of players be drawn from all of Wales. Clay-Thomas' proposed rugby match between residents in London went ahead on 15 March. Kenrick told The Field that the footballers of North Wales accepted the challenge and he advertised for players:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 49], "content_span": [50, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0008-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Preparation\n\"Test matches will take place at the ground of the Denbighshire County Cricket Club at Wrexham for the purpose of choosing the Cambrian Eleven. Gentlemen desirous of playing are requested to send in their names and addresses.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 49], "content_span": [50, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0009-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Preparation\nThe FAW sent out invitations proposing a football match to officials in England, Scotland and Ireland. England rejected the offer, and Ireland only wished to play under rugby rules. Scotland accepted the invitation, meaning Wales became the first team they had faced in an international fixture other than England. The Football Association of Wales (FAW) was formed in February 1876 at the Wynnstay Arms in Wrexham in preparation for the game and they had hoped for the match to be played in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 49], "content_span": [50, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0009-0001", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Preparation\nScotland rejected this due to scheduling issues but did agree to a second fixture to be played the following year in Wales. Accordingly the Welsh side travelled to Scotland, where their opposition had yet to lose a match. The venue chosen for the tie was Hamilton Crescent in Partick which was owned by the West of Scotland Cricket Club and had been used for the first official international fixture previously. Concerns by the FAW over financing the team's trip led to an appeal for public donations to raise money.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 49], "content_span": [50, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0010-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Preparation\nTo qualify for selection, the Welsh players were required to have been born in Wales or taken up residence in the country for at least three years. Although Kenrick corresponded with several Welsh clubs and the nation's universities to raise a team, he was criticised for allegedly overlooking players from the South. One of the main criticisms was the decision to publish most of his notices in English sports journals such as The Field and Bell's Life, which were not widely circulated in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 49], "content_span": [50, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0010-0001", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Preparation\nC. C. Chambers, captain of Swansea Rugby Club, wrote a letter to the Western Mail newspaper in which he commented \"...\u00a0there must be some sort of error, and that the team to play Scotland is to be selected from North Wales only. I shall be happy to produce from these parts a team that shall hold their own against any team from North Wales\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 49], "content_span": [50, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0010-0002", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Preparation\nH. W. Davies, the honorary secretary of the South Wales Football Club also noted that \"very few, if any, players (in the south) knew that a match\u00a0... had ever been thought of, much less that a date had been fixed\". Although Kenrick refused to be drawn into a direct riposte to their letters, he did welcome players of sufficient ability to try out for the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 49], "content_span": [50, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0011-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Preparation\nDespite the objections, Kenrick and the FAW pushed ahead with their plans. Once applications had been received, the FAW organised trial matches at the Racecourse Ground in Wrexham which took place in February 1876. The first match was played between players from the town's own football club and Druids. The second was held a week later, while a third trial match was organised on 26 February 1876 against a combined Oswestry team, made up of players from the town's football clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 49], "content_span": [50, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0011-0001", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Preparation\nThe game was disrupted when six of the eleven players who were scheduled to appear for the Welsh side failed to turn up. This led to other local players who had travelled to watch the match taking their places. The fourth and final trial match was played in early March. Further matches were cancelled as the ground was being prepared for the upcoming cricket season. Scotland also held trial matches for players who had never previously represented the national side, which were held at Hampden Park in February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 49], "content_span": [50, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0012-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Preparation, Team selection\nFor the final squad, Kenrick appointed himself as captain and selected six players from his own club, Druids, including Dr. Daniel Grey who was born in Scotland but had moved to Wales after obtaining his medical licence to open a practice in Ruabon. Two players from local rivals, Wrexham, and one from English club Oswestry were also selected. Usk-born William Evans, who played for the Oxford University team was the only player from South Wales selected, with the others all from North Wales other than John Hawley Edwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0012-0001", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Preparation, Team selection\nHe had been born in Shrewsbury and previously represented the England national football team in 1874. Edwards was a fellow solicitor and member of the Shropshire Wanderers. The Thomson brothers, goalkeeper David and forward George were also born in England but resided in Wales, the former was a captain in the Royal Denbighshire Militia. In Scotland, there was considerable interest in the team that would be arriving to play in the match, newspapers reporting that Beaumont Jarrett and Thomas Bridges Hughes may feature for the Welsh side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0013-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Preparation, Team selection\nAll eleven players selected for Wales were amateurs, comprising \"two lawyers, a timber merchant, a student, a soldier, a stonemason, a physician, a miner, a chimney sweep, an office worker and an insurance company employee\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0014-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Preparation, Team selection\nLike the Welsh, the Scots fielded six players from one club (Queens Park) and three of their players were making their international debut: James Lang, Robert W. Neill and Moses McNeil. The latter was the brother of three-time capped Henry McNeil, who was also named in the team. Lang had lost the sight in one eye while working at a shipyard. The majority of the squad from their 3\u20130 victory over England three weeks earlier was retained. Both teams played a 2\u20132\u20136 formation; i.e. two full-backs, two half-backs and six forwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0015-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Match, Pre-match\nThe players from both sides travelled together from their hotels in Glasgow to the match in a horsebus and were greeted by a large crowd along the nearby highway. As Wales were an unknown team, the match drew a large crowd with the grandstand at the stadium being nearly full. Spectators were charged half-a-crown (equivalent to 1\u20448 pound sterling) for entry and the crowd at pitchside was described in the Wrexham Guardian as \"very thick\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0015-0001", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Match, Pre-match\nIn an attempt to see over the crowd, spectators climbed onto the roofs of parked taxis and horse buses and a nearby verge was filled with viewers. The official attendance of the match was recorded at 17,000, a new world record for a full international fixture, but some reports believe the number may have been even higher as between one and two hundred further spectators managed to gain access to the ground during the first half after a fence collapsed, allowing more people to enter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0016-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Match, Pre-match\nWales played in a plain white shirt, with the Prince of Wales's feathers embroidered on the chest, and black shorts. Scotland wore blue shirts and white shorts. Each player wore a different colour of socks so the crowd could recognise each player, and the list of colours was included in the match programme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0017-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Match, Match summary\nScotland captain Charles Campbell won the coin toss and choose to play \"downhill\" as the ground featured a slight incline. This was perceived as advantageous to the attacking side, but their choice meant they started the match with the sun in their faces. The Welsh captain Kenrick kicked off the match at 3:40\u00a0p.m. The Scots gained possession almost immediately and proceeded to attack the Welsh goal as John Ferguson won the first corner of the game after making a run down the wing, but the resulting setpiece was cleared without incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0017-0001", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Match, Match summary\nWales were forced to defend resolutely; the North Wales Chronicle noted that \"the Welsh defended their goal in such a compact and determined way that the ball could not be passed through them.\" William Evans was called on early on to \"save the fortress\" by intercepting a pass and sending the ball upfield. The Welsh players were unable to break out of their own half as the game progressed and their forwards' passing game was described as \"not much understood\", while David Thomson in the Welsh goal made his first save soon after with a comfortable catch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0017-0002", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Match, Match summary\nThe Welsh side's strongest play of the first half came from a Scottish corner when the ball fell to Kenrick who beat several opposition players to break into the Scottish half before being chased down by Sandy Kennedy. Kenrick was able to pass to Edwards but he was quickly dispossessed by the defenders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0018-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Match, Match summary\nThe Scots were eager to take advantage of their early pressure but frequently allowed the ball to go out of play in their haste. They had a goal disallowed after Joseph Taylor scored directly from a corner without another player gaining a touch, while Evans again denied a goalscoring opportunity by blocking a goal-bound shot before David Thomson gathered the Scots' second attempt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0018-0001", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Match, Match summary\nOn the 40th minute, Lang's cross was caught by David Thomson in the Welsh goal, but Ferguson \"seeing an advantage, jumped forward with remarkable suddenness\" according to newspaper reports, thus forcing Thomson to drop the ball which was subsequently kicked into the goal to the delight of the home crowd. Henry McNeil nearly added a second goal on the stroke of half-time after making a run at the Welsh goal before shooting over the crossbar just as the half was brought to a close.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0019-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Match, Match summary\nAfter the half-time interval, the Welsh team looked to utilise the \"downhill\" advantage and mounted early forays into the Scottish half of the pitch. The well-practised Scots took advantage of the openness of the Welsh side and around eight minutes into the second half, the Scots added a second goal as Campbell played a pass to Henry McNeil who promptly shot against the post. The Welsh goalkeeper David Thomson, believing the ball had gone out of play, stopped defending the goal as the ball rebounded out to Billy MacKinnon, who was able to turn the ball into the unguarded net.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0019-0001", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Match, Match summary\nWithin five minutes, Scotland extended their lead further as Wales were forced to push forward in an attempt to get back into the game. Scotland regained possession and, after playing several passes around the encamped Welsh defence, the ball was crossed towards Lang who headed in a goal on his debut. Suffering a three-goal deficit, Wales were unable to threaten any answer in return, while Campbell forced a save when he advanced on the Welsh goal almost immediately after the kick-off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0019-0002", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Match, Match summary\nThe Welsh goal survived further scares until Henry McNeil completed the scoring after a combined move upfield by Ferguson and Kennedy won a corner kick. A goalmouth scramble ensued from the resulting cross before Henry McNeil was able to convert. MacKinnon made a final attempt on goal near the end of the game, going on a mazy individual dribble through the Welsh defence before being stopped by Kenrick. The match ended in a 4\u20130 win for Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0020-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Post match\nAmong the Welsh side, Kenrick was picked out as one of the best performers in match reports, while the team's forwards were criticised as being the weak point of the side. In contrast, the Scottish forward line were praised for their performances, along with Kennedy. After the match, the Welsh visitors were hosted by the SFA with dinner at McRae's Hotel on Bath Street. The SFA chairman toasted the Welsh side and praised their \"unflinching determination\" during the match despite the defeat and Welsh captain Kenrick also gave a speech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0021-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Post match\nBy playing in the fixture, Wales are recognised as the third oldest international football team. Their next international match came nearly a year later when they played a second fixture against Scotland on 5 March 1877 at the Racecourse Ground in Wrexham, which was the first international match to be played in Wales. Six of Wales' original side kept their places in the team and they gave a much improved performance as Scotland won the match 2\u20130. For three players, David Thomson, Edwards and John Jones, the 1876 game proved to be their only international appearance for Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0021-0001", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Post match\nScotland had only played one match between the fixtures, losing 3\u20131 to England two days before the second match and travelling straight to Wales afterwards. The two countries continued to meet each other in friendly matches once each year in February or March until 1884 when the British Home Championship, which also involved England and Ireland, was inaugurated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026008-0022-0000", "contents": "1876 Scotland v Wales football match, Post match\nScotland and Wales then met each year, other than when war intervened, until 1984, when the British Home Championship was abandoned. The Scots won the first 13 meetings against Wales,  the first draw coming in 1889. It was not until 1905 that the Welsh claimed their first victory, defeating the Scots 3\u20131 at the Racecourse Ground. The two countries have also met in World Cup qualifying matches for the 1978 and 1986 tournaments, and were placed in the same group for the qualifying tournament for the 2014 World Cup. Since the two World Cup qualifying matches in 1985, the countries have met five times. The most recent was on 12 October 2012, when Wales won 2\u20131 in a World Cup qualifier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1876 Scottish Cup Final was the third final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1875\u201376 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The original match took place at Hamilton Crescent on 11 March 1876 and was contested by Queen's Park and 3rd Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers. The match was the first final to be held at a neutral venue and also the first to require a replay to decide a winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final\nThe first match ended in a 1\u20131 draw with the first goal from Drinnan of 3rd Lanark RV in the second minute of the match. Queen's Park equalised in the second half with a goal from Thomas Highet. In the replay a week later \u2013 also played at Hamilton Crescent \u2013 Queen's Park won 2\u20130 with a double from Highet to seal a hat-trick of cup final victories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nIn the three years of the competition, Queen's Park had reached every final, even with a significant rise in the number of competitors. This was 3rd Lanark RV's d\u00e9but appearance in the final having previously reached the quarter-finals in 1873\u201374 and 1874\u201375.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nThis was the first time the final was played at a neutral venue as both the previous finals in 1874 and 1875 were played at Hampden Park, the home of Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nThe match also marked the first competitive meeting of Queen's Park and 3rd Lanark RV.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final\nBoth clubs entered the competition in the first round. Queen's Park won all their matches before the final at the first attempt, also without conceding a single goal. 3rd Lanark RV also managed similar success until the semi-final which required two replays to settle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Queen's Park\nIn the competition's early years, the first few rounds were regionalised so Queen's Park began their second consecutive defence of the cup on 16 October 1875 with a home tie against fellow Glasgow side Alexandra Athletic. They sealed their passage to the second round with a 3\u20130 win at Hampden Park. That saw Queen's take part in another all-Glasgow affair with Northern also at Hampden Park. This was an easier affair as the home side progressed with a 5\u20130 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0006-0001", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Queen's Park\nThe third round was the first 'all in' round but Queen's were again drawn at home to another Glasgow-based club \u2013 Clydesdale. The two had previous in the competition having played against one another in the 1874 final and the 1875 semi-final with Queen's Park coming out on top on both occasions. This tie was to be no different as Queen's progressed with a 2\u20130 win in front of 3,000 spectators. The quarter-finals was another all-Glasgow affair as the defending champions eliminated Dumbreck with a 2\u20130 win, again at Hampden Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0006-0002", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Queen's Park\nQueen's semi-final was the only match other than the final to be played in front of 10,000 spectators as they took on Dunbartonshire side Vale of Leven. The game was played at Hampden Park on 8 January 1876 and, despite conceding their first goal in the competition, Queen's Park sealed a third successive appearance in the final by winning 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0007-0000", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, 3rd Lanark RV\n3rd Lanark RV also began the competition with a first round tie at home to Glasgow-based Havelock. The match took place at Cathkin Park on 16 October 1875 with 3rd Lanark RV recording a 2\u20130 win. That set up a second round tie with Rangers at the same venue on 30 October in which Peter Campbell scored the only goal to give the away side a 1\u20130 win. However, as was common at the time, 3rd Lanark protested to the Scottish Football Association that Rangers kick-off in both halves and the result of the match was declared void.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0007-0001", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, 3rd Lanark RV\nIn the re-match two weeks later at Rangers' ground, Flesher's Haugh, 3rd Lanark RV ran out 2\u20131 winners. In the third round, 3rd Lanark defeated Levern 3\u20130 at Wellington Park in Hurlet to advance to the quarter-finals. There they faced fellow Glasgow side Western at Cathkin Park against whom they recorded a convincing 5\u20130 win. This set up a sem-final marathon against Dumbarton. Goals from Crichton and Harley saw the two sides play out a 1\u20131 draw in the first match at Cathkin Park on 8 January 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0007-0002", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, 3rd Lanark RV\nCrichton scored for 3rd Lanark RV again in the replay in Dumbarton a week later but it wasn't enough as they again drew 1\u20131. The second replay at Cathkin Park on 22 January was to prove decisive as 3rd Lanark RV ran out 3\u20130 winners to reach the final for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0008-0000", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final, Original match, Report\nQueen's Park kicked off the match in front off 10,000 spectators at 15:35 with a slight wind in their faces. However, it was 3rd Lanark who got off to a better start despite playing into the sunlight as hey took the lead within two minutes. The Herald described the opening goal as \"a grand and successful raid\" as Drinnan, \"to the astonishment of all\", kicked the ball between the posts. It was the first goal Queen's Park had conceded in a Scottish Cup final. They had been expected to win the match but they weren't playing to their potential and found themselves a goal down at the break.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0009-0000", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final, Original match, Report\nIn the second half, it took less than four minutes for Queen's Park to level the scores. A fine piece of dribbling by Billy MacKinnon on the right resulted in a clever pass for Highet who slotted the ball home. The rest of the match was played out with neither side able to find a winner as the cup final ended in a draw for the first time. Neither team was particularly praised for their performance in the match however Billy MacKinnon of Queen's Park and William Miller of 3rd Lanark received plaudits for their fast runs and dribbling skills.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0010-0000", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final, Replay, Report\nQueen's Park made two changes for the replay as Tom Lawrie and Angus MacKinnon, who had not been fully fit for the original match, were replaced by Andrew Hillcote and T. F. Smith. As it turned out, the changes made the difference as Queen's Park returned to their usual selves. Highet was instrumental in the game's opening goal before taking the final shot to give Queen's Park the lead for the first time in the tie after 15 minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026009-0011-0000", "contents": "1876 Scottish Cup Final, Replay, Report\nIn the second half, it was Highet again who struck the ball between posts to double the lead early on. As time went by, Queen's Park took their foot off the gas and almost allowed 3rd Lanark back into the match when Hunter put the ball narrowly over the bar but they held out to claim the trophy for the third year in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026010-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 South Australian football season\nThe 1876 South Australian football season was the fourteenth season of interclub football, and the last year in the state without an organised league body with an official set of rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026010-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 South Australian football season, Rules Sets\nDuring the 1876 football season in South Australia two dominant rule sets were in use.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026010-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 South Australian football season, Ladder\nIn the table below, Senior Results is based only upon games played against senior clubs; the record listed under W-L-D is the record over all matches, including those against country and junior teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026010-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 South Australian football season, Exhibition Matches, August 26\nThe Collegians vs. Non -Collegians was an all star match made up of the best players of the Adelaide, Woodville, Kensington,and College clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 68], "content_span": [69, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1876 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. The election campaign was a referendum on the Radical Republican-led state government and their Reconstruction policies. Opponents disputed the challenger Wade Hampton III's victory, gained by a margin of little more than 1100 votes statewide. But he took office in April 1877, after President Hayes withdrew federal troops as a result of a national Democratic compromise, and the incumbent Daniel Henry Chamberlain left the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nGovernor Chamberlain had been unable to preserve the peace in the months beforehand, reducing support for Republicans as the Red Shirts, a white Democratic paramilitary group, attacked Republican blacks in numerous areas of the state, particularly the Piedmont, in violent incidents including the Hamburg Massacre, and riots at Ellenton and Cainhoy. Under this pressure, some blacks were discouraged from voting altogether; others had aligned with Democrats for a variety of reasons. White voters overwhelmingly supported the Democratic ticket in November. The turbulent atmosphere ended before election day, which was peaceful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nDemocrat Wade Hampton narrowly won with slightly more than 1100 votes statewide following the suppression of black voters, particularly in Edgefield County. The election was disputed and a prolonged contest ensued as both parties established separate governments. Chamberlain lost most of his support and in early 1877 was kept in office by Federal troops guarding the state capitol. When President Rutherford B. Hayes ordered the troops to stand down, Chamberlain left the state and Hampton was confirmed as the 77th governor of South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Background\nSouth Carolina entered 1876 having had eight years of Radical Republican rule. Whites had resisted social and political changes after the war and believed that the Reconstruction programs set up by the Republicans were used by corrupt politicians and carpetbaggers to their financial benefit. At the same time, many whites were angered by the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments which guaranteed citizenship rights to former slaves. Former Confederates were not allowed to vote or hold office for several years until the passage of the Amnesty Act in 1872. Following that, Southern Democrats ran for office and sought to regain political control of the state. The elections were seasons of violence by white paramilitary groups against blacks to disrupt Republican meetings and reduce their vote. In scattered localities, some blacks broke with the Republicans and joined the Hampton forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 957]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Background\nBut, most blacks remained steadfastly loyal to the Republican Party. After the end of the Civil War, many whites had conducted a decade-long insurgency to maintain white supremacy and suppress black political power. Black citizens, however, constituted a sizable majority of the electorate, particularly in the Low Country and with narrow majorities in several Piedmont counties. The state Democratic Party was unorganized, not having contested a state election since 1868 when it was utterly defeated by the Republicans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Background\nThe Democratic Party also divided on a strategy for contesting the general election. Most Democrats heading into the May convention decided to not oppose the governorship and other state offices because Governor Daniel Henry Chamberlain had implemented many favorable reforms. Known as fusionists, they also felt that any effort spent on state offices would be wasted and better served by trying to acquire a majority in the General Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Background\nThe more ardent Democrats, called the \"Straightout Democrats\", gained strength after the General Assembly elected ,former Governor Franklin J. Moses Jr. and William Whipper to circuit judgeships, as they were considered corrupt. The nominations were blocked by Governor Chamberlain, but the Straightouts believed that meaningful political reform would happen only when Democrats gained power. In their opinion, every race from governor to coroner had to be contested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0007-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic conventions, May convention\nA reinvigorated South Carolina Democratic Party convened in Columbia from May 4 to May 5. Its purpose was to select 14 delegates and alternates to the National Democratic Convention in St. Louis and state the policies of the party. However, the party remained divided between the Fusionists and the Straightouts as to whether run a state ticket or not.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 82], "content_span": [83, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0008-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic conventions, May convention\nThe debate continued through the summer between the two as to which approach would be best for the Democratic Party. The Hamburg Massacre in July, although limited in fatalities compared to the total from later incidents at Ellenton, Charleston and Cainhoy, persuaded many whites that Governor Chamberlain's administration was unable to maintain order. In most of these events, blacks were killed in much greater number than whites, particularly at Ellenton. Populist Democrats ended hopes of supporting fusion with the Republicans, and the Straighouts became the dominant force within the Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 82], "content_span": [83, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0009-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic conventions, August convention\nThe Democrats reconvened in Columbia for the nominating convention held on August 15 through August 17. Since the Republicans had yet to meet, the candidacy of Governor Chamberlain was uncertain, which also undermined the Fusionists. Straightouts had been rallied by the assertion of white supremacy by white paramilitary groups of Red Shirts, who killed seven blacks in Hamburg, five of them murdered outright while held as prisoner by whites. One white died in the confrontation. The first test of Straightout strength in the Democratic Party was the election of the president of the convention. By a vote of 80 to 66, the Straightout candidate was elected and after a secret session, the nomination process began.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 85], "content_span": [86, 802]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0010-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic conventions, August convention\nMatthew Butler nominated Wade Hampton for the post of governor and the delegates unanimously approved the nomination by acclamation. Wade Hampton, although a supporter of the Straightouts, had a moderate reputation that enabled him to unite the two factions of the party and attract some black voters. The Democrats recruited blacks to the Red Shirts paramilitary groups and presented them prominently in public parade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 85], "content_span": [86, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0011-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic conventions, August convention\nThe Democratic platform that emerged from the convention was vague and noncommittal to specifics. Pledges were made to restore order, reform the government, and lower taxes, but no specific policies were formulated. The Straightouts knew that only a consensus of general ideas would unite the party and enable election of Democrats to statewide offices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 85], "content_span": [86, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0012-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican conventions\nA group of prominent South Carolina Republicans, notably Senator John J. Patterson and Robert B. Elliott, organized an opposition to Governor Chamberlain prior to the state convention. The group was upset by the reforms enacted by the Governor, especially the removal of corrupt Republicans from positions and replacing them with Democrats. The goal was to weaken Governor Chamberlain enough so that he would be removed from the ticket in November or forced to make favorable concessions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0013-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican conventions, April convention\nThe Republicans gathered in Columbia from April 12 to April 14 for the state convention to nominate 14 delegates to the National Republican Convention in Cincinnati. Those in opposition of Governor Chamberlain first succeeded in winning control of the temporary chairmanship for the convention when their candidate defeated the Governor by a vote of 80 to 40.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 84], "content_span": [85, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0014-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican conventions, April convention\nHaving achieved effective control of the convention, the opposition to Governor Chamberlain proceeded to select delegates to the national convention with the purpose of excluding the governor from the delegation. However, the convention descended into chaos between those in support of the governor and those in opposition. An inkstand was thrown at the head of a delegate and a chair was raised above Governor Chamberlain with the intention of striking him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 84], "content_span": [85, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0015-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican conventions, April convention\nGovernor Chamberlain responded with a powerful diatribe of those opposing him by accusing them of siding with the Ku Klux Klan. He then reaffirmed his loyalty to the Republican Party and its platform and explained that his actions in office were meant to serve the Party. Most delegates were convinced of the Governor's sincerity, and he was elected as a delegate-at-large to the national convention by a vote of 89 to 32.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 84], "content_span": [85, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0016-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican conventions, September convention\nWorried by his support among Republicans, Governor Chamberlain canvassed several counties of the state. Accompanied by Republicans held in low esteem by the white community, the meetings were often disrupted by Democrats. However, the growing strength and militancy of the Democrats served the purpose of reducing the opposition to Chamberlain within the Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 88], "content_span": [89, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0017-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican conventions, September convention\nWhen the Republicans met for the nominating convention in Columbia on September 13 through September 15, Governor Chamberlain was renominated with little difficulty. However, those opposed to Chamberlain sought to compensate for their defeat by adding themselves to the ticket. Robert B. Elliott became the nominee for attorney general and Thomas C. Dunn the nominee for comptroller general.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 88], "content_span": [89, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0018-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican conventions, September convention\nBoth had been very vocal in their opposition to Chamberlain and Elliott was notorious for corruption and his belief of black supremacy. After the election, Chamberlain regretted the inclusion of Elliott on the ticket and thought that Elliott's removal should have been the condition for his acceptance as nominee for governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 88], "content_span": [89, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0019-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican conventions, September convention\nThe platform adopted by the Republicans contained many specific and innovative proposals that were to be effected either as amendments to the state constitution or through legislative action:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 88], "content_span": [89, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0020-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican conventions, September convention\nThe results of the convention for the Republicans were mixed; on one hand, the party emerged united from their convention for the first time since 1868, but it came with a heavy price as the more moderate black and white members of the party switched to support Hampton and the Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 88], "content_span": [89, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0021-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election, Democratic campaign\nHistorian Richard Zuczek writes: \"the 1876 gubernatorial campaign in the Palmetto State was really a military operation, complete with armies, commanders, and bloodshed. Indeed, South Carolina might be a classic case of insurgency, with an attempt to overthrow, by terrorism and violence, a standing government.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0022-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election, Democratic campaign\nThe Democratic strategy for the election was twofold; Wade Hampton was to attract moderate voters by appearing as a senior statesman. His chief lieutenant, Martin Gary, was to implement the Mississippi Plan in South Carolina. Known as the Shotgun Policy in South Carolina, the Mississippi Plan called for the bribery or intimidation of black voters. Financial enticements were given to blacks who supported the Democrats, and violence was waged on others in order to convince them to join a Democratic club for protection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0023-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election, Democratic campaign\nThe first step of the Democratic campaign was to set up clubs to organize its members; the more militant Democrats were organized into the rifle clubs whereas the red shirt clubs were arranged to intimidate black voters through violence and intimidation. By election day, the Democrats had enrolled almost every white man not associated with the Republican party into a club and set up several clubs for blacks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0024-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election, Democratic campaign\nSupporters of the Democratic Party often wore red shirts in response to an apocryphal story about Oliver Morton's waving the bloody shirt in Congress that was caused by KKK violence to maintain support in the North for Reconstruction of the South. They would often parade through towns on horseback such as to give an impression of greater numbers and shouted \"Hurrah for Hampton\" as their slogan. These demonstrations served several purposes for the Democrats: they brought together whites, frightened black and white Republicans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0025-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election, Democratic campaign\nAnother important aspect of the Mississippi Plan put into effect was the disruption of Republican meetings and the demanding of equal time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0025-0001", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election, Democratic campaign\nThe campaign device was called \"dividing time\" and it proved to be one of the more useful techniques employed by the Democrats in the campaign for three reasons: the strong show of force intimidated the black voters; it terrified Republican candidates and disgraced them in front of the blacks; and because most black voters were illiterate, it was the only possible way for the Democrats to reach them with their arguments since the newspapers were useless as they could not be read. The violence toward Republicans had gotten so bad that the state Democratic committee had to warn its members that the purpose was to attract black voters and not to terrorize them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 748]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0026-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election, Democratic campaign\nAn unofficial policy employed by the whites, yet equally effective as the others, was \"preference, not proscription.\" Basically, blacks who espoused support for the Democrats were given a certificate that allowed for them to have priority in employment and trade. The device was not used on the farms because the contracts lasted until January, but it instead wreaked havoc among the black artisans in the urban areas. The state Democratic committee never endorsed the tactic, and Hampton urged its ending after the end of the campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0027-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election, Democratic campaign\nPoole argues that in waging its campaign Democrats portrayed the Lost Cause motif through \"Hampton Days\" celebrations shouting \"Hampton or Hell!\". They staged the contest between Hampton and governor Chamberlain as a religious struggle between good and evil, and calling for \"redemption.\" Indeed, throughout the South the conservatives who overthrew Reconstruction were often called \"Redeemers\", echoing Christian theology.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0028-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election, Democratic campaign\nRonald F. King, used modern statistical techniques on the election returns and concludes: \"Application of social science methodology to the gubernatorial election of 1876 in South Carolina confirms charges of fraud raised by Republicans at the time of the election.... [ the result] was the product of massive voter fraud and intimidation of black voters.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0029-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election, Democratic black vote\nDemocrats recognized the black majority in the state and realized that the only way for them to win the election was through violent suppression of black voters or intimidating black voters to vote Democratic. This was a tricky problem for the party because they were known for upholding slavery and introducing the black codes. Furthermore, it angered many blacks that a former slave trader, Joe Crews, was elected as a Republican to the General Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 83], "content_span": [84, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0030-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election, Democratic black vote\nThose blacks enticed to join and vote for the Democratic Party were attracted to the paternalistic, moderate appeal of Wade Hampton. While the vast majority of violence targeted Black Republicans, some black Democrats often faced ostracism from the black community: the daughter of a black Democrat was whipped at school for her father's support of Hampton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 83], "content_span": [84, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0031-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election, Republican campaign\nThe entirety of the Republican campaign for the general election in November was based on maintaining the black vote. There was little campaigning by Republican candidates and one of Governor Chamberlain's newspapers, Columbia Daily Union-Herald, noted that \"Public meetings are not necessary to arouse the Republicans, nor to inform them. On the day of election nine-tenths of them could be directed to cast their ballots at one poll, if necessary.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0032-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Election results\nThe general election was held on November 7, 1876, and there were few instances of disturbance. At each polling place, there were federal supervisors from both the Democratic and Republican parties. Federal troops were also stationed at the county seats to preserve the peace at the polling places if needed, but they were never called upon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0033-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Election results\nAs the results were coming in on Wednesday morning, it appeared that Chamberlain would win, but Hampton had taken a very narrow lead by Thursday. Hampton claimed victory with slightly more than an 1100-vote margin statewide. Chamberlain and the Republicans disputed the victory, based on widespread fraud and intimidation by Democrats. In Aiken County, where the Hamburg Massacre had occurred, Republican votes dropped to less than 100, but \"Democratic votes quadrupled.\" The total vote in Edgefield exceeded the total voting age population by more than 2,000 and Republican votes were suppressed. In Laurens County, the votes also exceeded the total number of registered voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0034-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Election results\nWhen the Republican-dominated Board of State Canvassars met after the election to certify the results, they did not certify the election results from Edgefield and Laurens counties. They were ordered by the state supreme court to certify all the results. But, effectively, the results from those counties were thrown out. The state supreme court held the board members in contempt of court and placed them in the Richland County jail. A federal judge annulled the order of the state supreme court and issued a writ of habeas corpus in favor of the board members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0035-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Election results\nIn the morning of November 28, prior to the convening of the General Assembly, Chamberlain ordered two companies of federal troops under the command of General Thomas H. Ruger to the State House. This action was approved by President Ulysses S. Grant on November 26 in order to prevent a violent takeover by the Democrats and to block admission by Democratic members from the disputed Edgefield and Laurens counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0036-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Election results\nThe Democrats left the General Assembly en masse to set up a rival legislature at Carolina Hall, complete with representatives who had been excluded by the Republicans. In control of the government and backed by the support of federal troops, the Republicans discarded the election returns from Edgefield and Laurens counties for the gubernatorial race and declared Chamberlain elected for a second term on December 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0037-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Election results\nThe Democrats derided the installation of Chamberlain as governor by the Republicans and on December 14, they declared Hampton Governor of South Carolina. They included returns from Edgefield and Laurens counties in their tally, which meant out of 184,943 registered voters in 1875, only 555 voters did not cast a ballot in the election. The results as declared by the Democrats held up to be the official results of the election when Hampton became the sole governor on April 11, 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0038-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Dual governors\nHampton quickly organized his government and made a request to South Carolinians to refuse to pay taxes to the Chamberlain government. To support the Hampton government, each taxpayer was asked to contribute just 10% of what  his tax bill had been the previous year. South Carolinians, both white and black, paid taxes to the Hampton government and refused to pay taxes to the Chamberlain government, thereby denying the Chamberlain government its last legitimacy and authority apart from the U.S. Army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026011-0039-0000", "contents": "1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Dual governors\nAfter the resolution 1876 presidential election in favor of Rutherford B. Hayes, both Chamberlain and Hampton traveled to Washington to discuss with the new president regarding the situation in South Carolina. President Hayes realized that only a massive reintroduction of federal troops would enable Chamberlain to continue as governor and thus ordered on April 3, 1877, for the removal of federal troops from South Carolina. The departure of Federal troops on April 10 caused Governor Chamberlain and the Republican-led government to concede the election to Wade Hampton. A day later on April 11, Hampton became the sole and official governor of the state of South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026012-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 South Shropshire by-election\nThe South Shropshire by-election of 1876 was fought on 3 November 1876. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Percy Egerton Herbert. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Edmund Severne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026013-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 South Wiltshire by-election\nThe South Wiltshire by-election of 1876 was fought on 4 January 1876. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Lord Henry Thynne, becoming Treasurer of the Household. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026014-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Spanish general election\nThe 1876 Spanish general election was held from Thursday, 20 January to Sunday, 23 January 1876 (from 28 to 31 January in the Canary Islands and from 15 to 18 February in Puerto Rico), to elect the Constituent Restoration Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 391 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as all 196 seats in the Senate. On 5 April 1877, another election to the Senate was held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026014-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Spanish general election\nThis was the first election held after the end of the First Spanish Republic in 1874. The newly-founded Liberal Conservative Party of Antonio C\u00e1novas del Castillo won an overall majority of seats. The result of the election would pave the way for the adoption of the Spanish Constitution of 1876, marking the starting point of the Bourbon Restoration that would last until 1931.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026014-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Spanish general election, Overview, Background\nThe pronunciamiento\u2014a military coup\u2014of Arsenio Mart\u00ednez Campos on 29 December 1874 put an end to the First Spanish Republic and hastened the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in the figure of Alfonso XII, son of former Queen Isabel II. An interim government led by C\u00e1novas del Castillo was confirmed by King Alfonso XII upon disembarking in Barcelona on 9 January 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026014-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nThe Spanish Cortes were envisaged as \"co-legislative bodies\", based on a nearly perfect bicameralism. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate had legislative, control and budgetary functions, sharing equal powers except for laws on contributions or public credit, where the Congress had preeminence. Voting for the Cortes was on the basis of universal manhood suffrage, which comprised all national males over twenty-one and in full enjoyment of their civil rights. The electorate consisted of 3,989,612 electors, about a 24.0\u00a0% of the country population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026014-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nFor the Congress of Deputies, 391 seats were elected using the first-past-the-post method under a one-round system. Candidates winning a plurality in each constituency were elected. The provinces of Spain were divided into single-member districts, with each province entitled to one district per each 40,000 inhabitants or fraction greater than 20,000. The law also provided for by-elections to fill seats vacated throughout the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026014-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nFor the Senate, 196 seats were indirectly elected, with electors voting for delegates instead of senators. Elected delegates\u2014equivalent in number to one-sixth of the councillors in each municipal corporation\u2014would then vote for senators using a write-in, two-round majority voting system. Each province was allocated four seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026014-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 Spanish general election, Overview, Election date\nThe term of each House of the Cortes\u2014the Congress and one-quarter of the Senate\u2014expired three years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The Monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both Houses at any given time\u2014either jointly or separately\u2014and call a snap election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026015-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 St. Louis Brown Stockings season\nThe St. Louis Brown Stockings joined the newly formed National League as a charter member in 1876. Although both St. Louis and Hartford finished the season 6 games behind the pennant-winning Chicago White Stockings, the Brown Stockings were officially the third place team as, in 1877, the standings were determined by number of wins, not games behind. As Hartford had 47 wins and St. Louis only had 45, Hartford finished in second and St. Louis finished in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026015-0000-0001", "contents": "1876 St. Louis Brown Stockings season\nNonetheless, St. Louis had won its season series against Chicago 6 games to 4 \u2013 winning all of its season series against all National League opponents. Due to the politics between the teams at the time, an unofficial five-game post-season was created between those two teams to determine the \"Championship of the West.\" St. Louis won the series 4 games to 1. According to Stathead, the 1876 Brown Stockings hold the lowest team ERA in MLB history (1.22).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026015-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 82], "content_span": [83, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026015-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 75], "content_span": [76, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026015-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 80], "content_span": [81, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026015-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 78], "content_span": [79, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026016-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 State of the Union Address\nThe 1876 State of the Union Address was given by the 18th president of the United States, Ulysses S. Grant, on Tuesday, December 5, 1876. In it he said these words, \"Reconstruction Era, as finally agreed upon, means this and only this, except that the late slave was enfranchised, giving an increase, as was supposed, to the Union-loving and Union-supporting votes. If free in the full sense of the word, they would not disappoint this expectation. Hence at the beginning of my first Administration the work of reconstruction, much embarrassed by the long delay, virtually commenced.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026017-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Stevens football team\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Jweiss11 (talk | contribs) at 01:17, 10 September 2020 (cleanup infobox and lead). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026017-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Stevens football team\nThe 1876 Stevens football team was an American football team that represented Stevens Institute of Technology in the 1876 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20132 record in games against Rutgers, Columbia, and NYU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026018-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Swiss referendums\nTwo referendums were held in Switzerland in 1876. The first was held on 23 April on the subject of distributing and cashing of banknotes, and was rejected by 61.7% of voters. The second was held on 9 July on a federal law on taxation of compensation for not serving in the military, and was rejected by 54.2% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026018-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Swiss referendums, Background\nBoth referendums were classed as \"optional referendums\", which meant that only a majority of the public vote was required for them to pass, as opposed to the mandatory referendums that required both a majority of voters and cantons to approve the proposals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026019-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1876 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 7, 1876. Republicans gained two districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026019-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results\nFinal results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [69, 76], "content_span": [77, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026020-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida\nElections to the United States House of Representatives in Florida were held November 7, 1876 for the 45th Congress. These elections were held at the same time as election for Governor and the contentious 1876 Presidential election, in which Florida was one of four states whose electoral votes were in dispute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026020-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background\nIn the 1874 elections, both Republican incumbents were initially declared re-elected. In the 2nd district, Jesse J. Finley (D) successfully contested the re-election of Josiah T. Walls (R), so that at the time of the 1876 elections, Florida had one Democratic and one Republican incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 76], "content_span": [77, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026020-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Election results\nBoth incumbents ran for re-election, and both were defeated. The 1st district changed from Republican to Democratic control while the 2nd changed from Democratic to Republican control, resulting in no net change", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 82], "content_span": [83, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026020-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Contested election\nAs in 1874, Jesse J. Finley (D) challenged the results of the election in the 2nd district. On February 20, 1879, Finley was declared the legitimate winner with a vote of 11,329 - 11,077, and was seated in Bisbee's place, serving from February 20, 1879 - March 3, 1879 when the 45th Congress ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 84], "content_span": [85, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026021-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1876 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 7, 1876 to select five Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. Two incumbents were re-elected, one was defeated for re-election, and the Democrats picked up one of the two open seats from the Republicans. The composition of the state delegation after the election was three Republicans and two Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026021-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Joseph Rainey of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1870, defeated Democratic challenger John S. Richardson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026021-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district special election\nThe Congress declared the seat for the 2nd congressional district vacant on July 19, 1876 after Charles W. Buttz successfully contested the 1874 election. A special election was called to be held simultaneously with the regular election. Charles W. Buttz was nominated by the Republicans and he defeated Democrat Michael P. O'Connor in the special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 116], "content_span": [117, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026021-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nRichard H. Cain was nominated by the Republicans for the regular election of the 2nd congressional district and he defeated Democratic challenger Michael P. O'Connor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026021-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Solomon L. Hoge of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1875, declined to seek re-election. D. Wyatt Aiken was nominated by the Democrats and he defeated Republican Lewis C. Carpenter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026021-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Alexander S. Wallace of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1870, was defeated by Democratic challenger John H. Evins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026021-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Robert Smalls of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1875, defeated Democratic challenger George D. Tillman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026022-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States elections\nThe 1876 United States elections were held on November 7. In one of the most disputed presidential elections in American history, Republican Governor Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio ended up winning despite Democratic Governor Samuel J. Tilden of New York earning a majority of the popular vote. The Republicans maintained their Senate majority and cut into the Democratic majority in the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026022-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States elections, President\nThe 1876 presidential election was heavily contested, and saw the highest turnout of voting age population in American history. Democratic Governor Samuel J. Tilden of New York won the Democratic nomination on the second ballot of the 1876 Democratic National Convention, defeating Indiana Governor Thomas A. Hendricks and a handful of other candidates. Republicans chose Ohio Governor Rutherford B. Hayes on the seventh ballot over Maine Senator James G. Blaine, Senator Oliver P. Morton of Indiana, Secretary of the Treasury Benjamin H. Bristow, and several other candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026022-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States elections, President\nWhile Tilden outpolled Hayes in the popular vote by a margin of three percent, he had 184 electoral votes to Hayes' 165, with 20 electoral votes in dispute: in Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina, each party reported its candidate had won the state amid various allegations of electoral fraud and intimidation of voters, while in Oregon, one elector was declared illegal (as an \"elected or appointed official\") and replaced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026022-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 United States elections, President\nTo resolve this dispute, Congress formed the Electoral Commission to investigate these electoral votes: this commission awarded all 20 electoral votes to Hayes after a bitter legal and political battle, giving him the victory with 185 electoral votes to 184. While many Democrats felt that Tilden had been cheated out of victory, the informal \"Compromise of 1877\" saw Democrats recognize Hayes as President in return for the end of Reconstruction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026022-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 United States elections, President\nExcluding the four-candidate 1824 election, Hayes' margin of victory of one electoral vote has never been matched as of 2020, while no other winning candidate had ever lost the popular vote by more than one point until the 2016 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026022-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 United States elections, United States House of Representatives\nWhile the Republicans picked up a  33 seats in the House, it was not enough to regain a majority from the Democrats, who had 155 seats to the Republicans 136 (two seats being held by independents).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026022-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 United States elections, United States Senate\nThe Democrats gained three net seats in the Senate, but the Republicans held onto their majority. Since this election was held prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, these seats were chosen by the State legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election\nThe 1876 United States presidential election was the 23rd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1876, in which Republican nominee Rutherford B. Hayes faced Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. It was one of the most contentious presidential elections in American history and its resolution involved negotiations and compromise between the Republicans and Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election\nAfter President Ulysses S. Grant declined to seek a third term despite previously being expected to do so, Congressman James G. Blaine emerged as the front-runner for the Republican nomination. However, Blaine was unable to win a majority at the 1876 Republican National Convention, which settled on Governor Hayes of Ohio as a compromise candidate. The 1876 Democratic National Convention nominated Governor Tilden of New York on the second ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election\nThe results of the election remain among the most disputed ever. Although it is not disputed that Tilden outpolled Hayes in the popular vote, after a first count of votes, Tilden had won 184 electoral votes to Hayes's 165, with 20 votes from four states unresolved: in Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina, each party reported its candidate had won the state, while in Oregon, one elector was replaced after being declared illegal for being an \"elected or appointed official\". The question of who should have been awarded these electoral votes is the source of the continued controversy. An informal deal was struck to resolve the dispute: the Compromise of 1877, which awarded all 20 electoral votes to Hayes; in return for the Democrats conceding to Hayes' election, the Republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South, ending Reconstruction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 900]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election\nThe 1876 election is the second of five presidential elections in which the person who won the most popular votes did not win the election, but the only such election in which the popular vote winner received a majority (rather than a plurality) of the popular vote. To date, it remains the election that recorded the smallest electoral vote victory (185\u2013184), and the election that yielded the highest voter turnout of the eligible voting age population in American history, at 81.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0003-0001", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election\nDespite not becoming president, Tilden was the first Democratic presidential nominee since James Buchanan in 1856 to win the popular vote and the first since Franklin Pierce in 1852 to do so in an outright majority (in fact, Tilden received a slightly higher percentage than Pierce in 1852, despite the fact that Pierce won in a landslide).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nIt was widely assumed during the year 1875 that incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant would run for a third term as president in spite of the poor economic conditions, the numerous political scandals that had developed since he assumed office in 1869, and a long-standing tradition set by the first president, George Washington, not to stay in office longer than two terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0004-0001", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nGrant's inner circle advised him to go for a third term and he almost did, but on 15 December 1875, the House, by a sweeping 233 to 18 vote, passed a resolution declaring that the two-term tradition was to prevent a dictatorship. Later that year, President Grant ruled himself out of running in 1876. He instead tried to persuade his Secretary of State, Hamilton Fish to run for the presidency, but the 67-year-old Fish declined, believing himself too old for the role. Grant nonetheless sent a letter to the convention imploring them to nominate Fish, but the letter was misplaced and never read to the convention, and Fish later confirmed that he would have declined the nomination even had he been offered it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nWhen the Sixth Republican National Convention assembled in Cincinnati, Ohio, on June 14, 1876, it appeared that James G. Blaine would be the nominee. On the first ballot, Blaine was just 100 votes short of a majority. His vote began to slide after the second ballot, however, as many Republicans feared that Blaine could not win the general election. Anti - Blaine delegates could not agree on a candidate until Blaine's total rose to 41% on the sixth ballot. Leaders of the reform Republicans met privately and considered alternatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0005-0001", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nThey chose Ohio's reform governor, Rutherford B. Hayes, who had been gradually building support during the convention until he finished second on the sixth ballot. On the seventh ballot, Hayes was nominated with 384 votes to 351 for Blaine and 21 for Benjamin Bristow. William A. Wheeler was nominated for vice-president by a much larger margin (366\u201389) over his chief rival, Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen, who later served as a member of the electoral commission that awarded the election to Hayes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nThe 12th Democratic National Convention assembled in St. Louis, Missouri, in June 1876, the first political convention held by one of the major American parties west of the Mississippi River. Five thousand people jammed the auditorium in St. Louis with hopes for the Democratic Party's first presidential victory in 20 years. The platform called for immediate and sweeping reforms in response to the scandals that had plagued the Grant administration. Tilden won more than 400 votes on the first ballot and the nomination by a landslide on the second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0007-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nTilden defeated Thomas A. Hendricks, Winfield Scott Hancock, William Allen, Thomas F. Bayard, and Joel Parker for the presidential nomination. Tilden overcame strong opposition from \"Honest John\" Kelly, the leader of New York's Tammany Hall, to obtain the nomination. Thomas Hendricks was nominated for vice-president, since he was the only person put forward for the position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0008-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nThe Democratic platform pledged to replace the corruption of the Grant administration with honest, efficient government and to end \"the rapacity of carpetbag tyrannies\" in the South. It also called for treaty protection for naturalized United States citizens visiting their homelands, restrictions on Asian immigration, tariff reform, and opposition to land grants for railroads. It has been claimed that the voting Democrats received Tilden's nomination with more enthusiasm than any leader since Andrew Jackson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0009-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Nominations, Greenback Party nomination, Candidates gallery\nThe Greenback Party had been organized by agricultural interests in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1874 to urge the federal government to inflate the economy through the mass issuance of paper money called greenbacks. Its first national nominating convention was held in Indianapolis in the spring of 1876. Peter Cooper was nominated for president with 352 votes to 119 for three other contenders. The convention nominated Anti- Monopolist Senator Newton Booth of California for vice-president; after Booth declined to run, the national committee chose Samuel Fenton Cary as his replacement on the ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 101], "content_span": [102, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0010-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Nominations, Prohibition Party nomination\nThe Prohibition Party, in its second national convention in Cleveland, nominated Green Clay Smith as its presidential candidate and Gideon T. Stewart as its vice-presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 83], "content_span": [84, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0011-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Nominations, American National Party nomination\nThis small political party used several different names, often with different names in different states. It was a continuation of the Anti-Masonic Party that met in 1872 and nominated Charles Francis Adams for president. When Adams declined to run, the party did not contest the 1872 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 89], "content_span": [90, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0012-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Nominations, American National Party nomination\nThe convention was held from June 8 to 10, 1875, in Liberty Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. B.T. Roberts of New York served as chairman, and Jonathan Blanchard was the keynote speaker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 89], "content_span": [90, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0013-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Nominations, American National Party nomination\nThe platform supported the Reconstruction Amendments to the Constitution, international arbitration, the reading of the scriptures in public schools, specie payments, justice for Native Americans, abolition of the Electoral College, and prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages. It declared the first day of the week to be a day of rest for the United States. The platform opposed secret societies and monopolies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 89], "content_span": [90, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0014-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Nominations, American National Party nomination\nThe convention considered three potential presidential nominees: Charles F. Adams, Jonathan Blanchard, and James B. Walker. When Blanchard declined to run, Walker was unanimously nominated. The convention then nominated Donald Kirkpatrick of New York unanimously for vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 89], "content_span": [90, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0015-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nTilden, who had prosecuted machine politicians in New York and sent legendary political boss William M. Tweed to jail, ran as a reform candidate against the background of the corruption of the Grant administration. Both parties backed civil service reform and an end to Reconstruction. Both sides mounted mud-slinging campaigns, with Democratic attacks on Republican corruption being countered by Republicans raising the Civil War issue, a tactic ridiculed by Democrats who called it \"waving the bloody shirt\". Republicans chanted, \"Not every Democrat was a rebel, but every rebel was a Democrat.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0016-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nHayes was a virtual unknown outside his home state of Ohio, where he had served two terms as a Congressman and then two terms as governor. Henry Adams wrote \"[Hayes] is a third-rate nonentity whose only recommendations are that he is obnoxious to no one.\" He had served in the Civil War with distinction as colonel of the 23rd Ohio Regiment and was wounded several times, which made him marketable to veterans. He had later been brevetted as a Major General. Hayes' most important asset was his help to the Republican ticket in carrying the crucial swing state of Ohio. On the other side, newspaperman John D. Defrees described Tilden as \"a very nice, prim, little, withered-up, fidgety old bachelor, about one-hundred and twenty-pounds avoirdupois, who never had a genuine impulse for many nor any affection for woman.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 889]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0017-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nThe Democratic strategy for victory in the South was highly reliant on paramilitary groups such as the Red Shirts and the White League. Using the strategy of the Mississippi Plan, these groups actively suppressed black and white Republican voter turnouts by disrupting meetings and rallies and even using violence and intimidation. They saw themselves as the military wing of the Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0018-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nBecause it was considered improper for a candidate to pursue the presidency actively, neither Tilden nor Hayes actively stumped as part of the campaign, leaving that job to surrogates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0019-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, General election, Colorado\nColorado was admitted to the Union as the 38th state on August 1, 1876, but as there was insufficient time or money to organize a presidential election in the new state, Colorado's state legislature, elected in October 1876, selected the state's electors. Many of these legislative races were decided by only a few hundred votes. These electors, each one getting 50 votes in the legislature to Tilden's slate's 24, gave their three votes to Hayes and the Republican Party. This was the last election in which any state chose electors through its state legislature and not by popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0020-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nFlorida (with 4 electoral votes), Louisiana (with 8), and South Carolina (with 7) reported returns that favored Tilden, but the elections in each state were marked by electoral fraud and threats of violence against Republican voters; the most extreme case was in South Carolina, where an impossible 101 percent of all eligible voters in the state had their votes counted. One of the points of contention revolved around the design of ballots: at the time, parties would print ballots or \"tickets\" to enable voters to support them in the open ballots. To aid illiterate voters the parties would print symbols on the tickets, and in this election, many Democratic ballots were printed with the Republican symbol, Abraham Lincoln, on them. The Republican-dominated state electoral commissions subsequently rejected enough Democratic votes to award their electoral votes to Hayes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 964]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0021-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nIn two southern states, the governor recognized by the United States had signed the Republican certificates: the Democratic certificates from Florida were signed by the state attorney-general and the newly elected Democratic governor, those from Louisiana were signed by the Democratic gubernatorial candidate, and those from South Carolina by no state official, with the Tilden electors claiming that they were chosen by the popular vote and were rejected by the state election board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0022-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nMeanwhile, in Oregon, the vote of a single elector was disputed: the statewide result clearly favored Hayes, but the state's Democratic governor, La Fayette Grover, claimed that one of the GOP electors, former postmaster John Watts, was ineligible under Article II, Section 1, of the United States Constitution, since he was a \"person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States,\" and substituted a Democratic elector in his place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0023-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nThe two Republican electors dismissed Grover's action and each reported three votes for Hayes, while the Democratic elector, C. A. Cronin, reported one vote for Tilden and two votes for Hayes. The two Republican electors presented a certificate signed by the secretary of state of Oregon, while Cronin and the two electors he appointed (Cronin voted for Tilden while his associates voted for Hayes) presented a certificate signed by the governor and attested by the secretary of state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0024-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nUltimately, all three of Oregon's votes were awarded to Hayes, who had a majority of one in the Electoral College. The Democrats claimed fraud, while suppressed excitement pervaded the country. Threats were even muttered that Hayes would never be inaugurated: in Columbus, Ohio, a shot was fired at Governor Hayes' residence as he sat down to dinner. After supporters marched to his home, calling for the president, Hayes urged the crowd that, \"it is impossible, at so early a time, to obtain the result.\" President Grant quietly strengthened the military force in and around Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0025-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nThe Constitution provides that \"the President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the [electoral] certificates, and the votes shall then be counted.\" Certain Republicans held that the power to count the votes lay with the President of the Senate, the House and Senate being mere spectators; the Democrats objected to this construction, since the Republican President of the Senate, Thomas W. Ferry, could then count the votes of the disputed states for Hayes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0026-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nThe Democrats insisted that Congress should continue the practice followed since 1865, which was that no vote objected to should be counted except by the concurrence of both houses, however the House had a solid Democratic majority; by rejecting the vote of one state, it would elect Tilden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0027-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nFacing an unprecedented constitutional crisis, the Congress of the United States passed a law on January 29, 1877, that formed a 15-member Electoral Commission to settle the result. Five members were selected from each house of Congress, and they were joined by five members of the Supreme Court, with William M. Evarts serving as counsel for the Republican Party. The Compromise of 1877 might have helped the Democrats accept this electoral commission as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0028-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nThe majority party in each house named three members and the minority party two. As the Republicans controlled the Senate and the Democrats the House of Representatives, this yielded five Democratic and five Republican members of the commission. Of the Supreme Court justices, two Republicans and two Democrats were chosen, with the fifth to be selected by these four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0029-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nThe justices first selected a political independent, Justice David Davis. According to one historian, \"[n]o one, perhaps not even Davis himself, knew which presidential candidate he preferred.\" Just as the Electoral Commission Bill was passing Congress, the legislature of Illinois elected Davis to the Senate, and Democrats in the Illinois legislature believed that they had purchased Davis' support by voting for him. However, they had miscalculated, as Davis promptly excused himself from the commission and resigned as a Justice in order to take his Senate seat. As all the remaining available justices were Republicans, the four justices already selected chose Justice Joseph P. Bradley, who was considered the most impartial remaining member of the court. This selection proved decisive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 881]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0030-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nSince it was drawing perilously near to Inauguration Day, the commission met on January 31. Each of the disputed state election cases (Florida, Louisiana, Oregon, and South Carolina) was respectively submitted to the commission by Congress. Eminent counsel appeared for each side, and there were double sets of returns from every one of the states named.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0031-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nThe commission first decided not to question any returns that were prima facie lawful. Bradley then joined the other seven Republican committee members in a series of 8\u20137 votes that gave all 20 disputed electoral votes to Hayes, giving Hayes a 185\u2013184 electoral vote victory; the commission adjourned on March 2. Hayes privately took the oath of office the next day and was publicly sworn into office on March 5, 1877, and Hayes was inaugurated without disturbance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0032-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nDuring intense closed-door meetings, Democratic leaders agreed reluctantly to accept Hayes as president in return for the withdrawal of federal troops from the last two still-occupied Southern states, South Carolina and Louisiana. Republican leaders in return agreed on a number of handouts and entitlements, including Federal subsidies for a transcontinental railroad line through the South. Although some of these promises were not kept, in particular the railroad proposal, it was enough for the time being to avert a dangerous standoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0033-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nThe returns accepted by the Commission put Hayes' margin of victory in South Carolina at 889 votes, the second-closest popular vote margin in a decisive state in U.S. history, after the election of 2000, which was decided by 537 votes in Florida: in 2000, the margin of victory in the Electoral College for George W. Bush was five votes, as opposed to Hayes' one vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0034-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nUpon his defeat, Tilden said, \"I can retire to public life with the consciousness that I shall receive from posterity the credit of having been elected to the highest position in the gift of the people, without any of the cares and responsibilities of the office.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0035-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877\nCongress would eventually enact the Electoral Count Act in 1887 to provide more detailed rules for the counting of electoral votes, especially in cases where multiple slates of electors have been received from a single state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0036-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877, Results\nAccording to the commission's rulings, of the 2,249 counties and independent cities making returns, Tilden won in 1,301 (57.85%) while Hayes carried only 947 (42.11%). One county (0.04%) in Nevada split evenly between Tilden and Hayes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 96], "content_span": [97, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0037-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877, Results\nWhile the Greenback ticket did not have a major impact on the election's outcome, attracting slightly under one percent of the popular vote, Cooper nonetheless had the strongest performance of any third-party presidential candidate since John Bell in 1860. The Greenbacks' best showings were in Kansas, where Cooper earned just over six percent of the vote, and Indiana, where he earned 17,207 votes, far exceeding Tilden's roughly 5,500-vote margin of victory over Hayes in that state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 96], "content_span": [97, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0038-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877, Results\nThe election of 1876 was the last one held before the end of the Reconstruction era, which sought to protect the rights of African Americans in the South who usually voted for Republican presidential candidates. No antebellum slave state would be carried by a Republican again until the 1896 realignment that saw William McKinley carry Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia and Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 96], "content_span": [97, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0039-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877, Results\nNo Republican presidential candidate until Warren G. Harding in 1920 would carry any states that seceded and joined the Confederacy; that year he carried Tennessee, which never experienced a long period of occupation by Federal troops and was completely \"reconstructed\" well before the first presidential election of the Reconstruction period (1868).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 96], "content_span": [97, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0039-0001", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877, Results\nNone of the Southern states that experienced long periods of occupation by Federal troops was carried by a Republican again until Herbert Hoover in 1928 (when he won Texas, Florida, North Carolina, and Virginia), and this proved the last election in which the Republican candidate won Louisiana until 1956, when Dwight D. Eisenhower carried it, and the last in which the Republican candidate won South Carolina until 1964, when Barry Goldwater did.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 96], "content_span": [97, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0040-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877, Results\nThe next time those two states voted against the Democrats was when they supported the \"Dixiecrat\" candidate Strom Thurmond in 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 96], "content_span": [97, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0041-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877, Results\nAlthough 1876 marked the last competitive two-party election in the South before Democratic dominance of the South through 1948 and of the border states through 1896, it was also the last presidential election (as of 2020) in which the Democrats won the pro-Union counties of Mitchell in North Carolina, Wayne and Henderson in Tennessee, and Lewis County, Kentucky. Hayes is also the only Republican president elected without carrying Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 96], "content_span": [97, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0042-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877, Geography of results\nResults by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 109], "content_span": [110, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0043-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877, Results by state\nSource: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836\u20131892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247\u201357.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 105], "content_span": [106, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0044-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877, Close states\nMargin of victory less between 1% and 5% (164 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 101], "content_span": [102, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026023-0045-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election, Electoral disputes and the Compromise of 1877, Close states\nMargin of victory between 5% and 10% (33 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 101], "content_span": [102, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026024-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Alabama\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 presidential election. Alabama voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026024-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Alabama\nAlabama was won by Samuel J. Tilden, the former governor of New York (D\u2013New York), running with Thomas A. Hendricks, the governor of Indiana and future vice president, with 59.98% of the popular vote, against Rutherford B. Hayes, the governor of Ohio (R-Ohio), running with Representative William A. Wheeler, with 40.02% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026025-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026025-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nArkansas voted for the Democratic candidate, Samuel J. Tilden, over Republican candidate, Rutherford B. Hayes. Tilden won Arkansas by a margin of 20.05%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026026-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in California\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in California was held on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. State voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026026-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in California\nCalifornia narrowly voted for the Republican nominee, Ohio Governor Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, New York Governor Samuel J. Tilden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026027-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Colorado\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Colorado took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. The state legislature chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president, which would be the first and only time the state would do so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026027-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Colorado\nColorado voted in its first ever presidential election, having become the 38th state on August 1 of that year. The state cast three electoral votes for the Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes. These electors were chosen by the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature, rather than by popular vote, the last time in American history that a state's electors were chosen without a popular vote. This proved to be decisive as Hayes would win the electoral vote by a margin of one vote. Had Colorado not been a state in time for the 1876 election, Hayes would have lost the 1876 election to Democratic candidate Samuel J. Tilden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026028-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026028-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nConnecticut voted for the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden, over the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes. Tilden won the state by a narrow margin of 2.37%. It was the first time since 1852 that a Democratic presidential candidate won Connecticut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026028-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nAs of 2020, this is the most recent presidential election in which the Democratic nominee carried the town of Hartland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026029-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Delaware\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Delaware voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026029-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Delaware\nDelaware was won by Samuel J. Tilden, the former governor of New York (D\u2013New York), running with Thomas A. Hendricks, the governor of Indiana and future vice president, with 55.45% of the popular vote, against Rutherford B. Hayes, the governor of Ohio (R-Ohio), running with Representative William A. Wheeler, with 44.55% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026030-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Florida\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Florida voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026030-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Florida\nFlorida was won by Rutherford B. Hayes, the governor of Ohio (R-Ohio), running with Representative William A. Wheeler, with 50.99% of the vote, against Samuel J. Tilden, the former governor of New York (D\u2013New York), running with Thomas A. Hendricks, the governor of Indiana and future vice president, with 49.01% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026030-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Florida\nFlorida, along with South Carolina and Louisiana, was one of the states affected by the Compromise of 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026030-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Florida\nThis would be the final time a Republican presidential candidate would carry Florida until 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026031-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Georgia\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the wider United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors, to the electoral college, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026031-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Georgia, Vote\nThe Tilden/Hendricks ticket carried the state by a margin of 44.06 on election day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 57], "content_span": [58, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026032-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Illinois\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose 21 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026032-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Illinois\nIllinois voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won the state by a narrow margin of 3.54%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026033-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Indiana\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Indiana voters chose 15 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026033-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Indiana\nIndiana was won by Samuel J. Tilden, the former governor of New York (D\u2013New York), running with Thomas A. Hendricks, the governor of Indiana and future vice president, with 48.65% of the popular vote, against Rutherford B. Hayes, the governor of Ohio (R-Ohio), running with Representative William A. Wheeler, with 47.39% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026033-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Indiana\nThe Greenback Party chose industrialist Peter Cooper and former representative Samuel Fenton Cary, received 3.93% of the vote. The Prohibition Party chose former representative Green Clay Smith and Gideon T. Stewart and received 0.03% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026033-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Indiana\nAs of the 2020 election, this is the only election in which the Republican candidate won the election without carrying Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026034-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Iowa\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026034-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Iowa\nIowa was won by Rutherford B. Hayes, the governor of Ohio (R-Ohio), running with Representative William A. Wheeler, with 58.50% of the vote, against Samuel J. Tilden, the former governor of New York (D\u2013New York), running with Thomas A. Hendricks, the governor of Indiana and future vice president, with 38.28% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026034-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Iowa\nThe Greenback Party chose industrialist Peter Cooper and former representative Samuel Fenton Cary, received 3.22% of the vote. Iowa gave the Greenbacks both their largest number of total votes and percentage and Iowa would later be the last bastion of the congressional Greenbacks who held a House seat until 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026035-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Kansas\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026035-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Kansas\nKansas voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won the state by a margin of 32.57%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026035-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Kansas\nWith 63.10% of the popular vote, Kansas would be Hayes' third strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont and Nebraska. With 6.26% of the popular vote, the state would also prove to be Greenback candidate Peter Cooper's best performing state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026036-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Kentucky voters chose twelve representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026036-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote\nThe Civil War would shape Kentucky politically for not merely the rest of the nineteenth century but also for the twentieth by creating entrenched divisions between secessionist, Democratic counties and Unionist, Republican ones. The southern cultural hegemony meant state as a whole leaned Democratic throughout the Third Party System and the GOP would never carry the state during that era at either presidential or gubernatorial level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 73], "content_span": [74, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026036-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote\nKentucky had been one of only six states to vote against popular incumbent Ulysses S. Grant in 1872, and the effects of an economic downturn meant that Democratic nominees Samuel J. Tilden and Thomas A. Hendricks increased their margin by nineteen points. Kentucky would prove Tilden's fourth-strongest state behind Georgia, Texas and Mississippi. Only Lyndon Johnson in 1964, Richard Nixon in 1972, and Donald Trump in 2016 and 2020 have since exceeded Tilden's percentage for either party in the Bluegrass State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 73], "content_span": [74, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026036-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last occasion when Lewis County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 73], "content_span": [74, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026037-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026037-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nLouisiana voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won the state by a narrow margin of 3.30%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026037-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nThis would be the final presidential election until Dwight D. Eisenhower won the state in 1956 where a Republican presidential candidate would win Louisiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026038-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Maine\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026038-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Maine\nMaine voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won the state by a margin of 13.99%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026039-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Maryland\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Maryland voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026039-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Maryland\nMaryland was won by Samuel J. Tilden, the former governor of New York (D\u2013New York), running with Thomas A. Hendricks, the governor of Indiana and future vice president, with 56.05% of the popular vote, against Rutherford B. Hayes, the governor of Ohio (R-Ohio), running with Representative William A. Wheeler, with 43.95% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026040-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026040-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nMassachusetts voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won the state by a margin of 15.90%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026041-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Michigan\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026041-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Michigan\nMichigan was won by the Republican nominee Rutherford B. Hayes by an almost 8% margin, defeating Democratic candidate Samuel J. Tilden and taking the state's eleven electoral votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026042-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026042-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nMinnesota voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won the state by a margin of 19.64%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026042-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nWith 58.80% of the popular vote, Minnesota was Hayes' fifth strongest victory by percentage of the popular vote, after Vermont, Nebraska, Kansas and Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026043-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Mississippi voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026043-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nMississippi was won by Samuel J. Tilden, the former governor of New York (D\u2013New York), running with Thomas A. Hendricks, the governor of Indiana and future vice president, with 68.08% of the popular vote, against Rutherford B. Hayes, the governor of Ohio (R-Ohio), running with Representative William A. Wheeler, with 31.92% of the vote. This election marked the beginning of an 18-election, or 68-year streak of the state voting heavily Democratic, which would ultimately end when Strom Thurmond of the States' Rights Democratic Party won the state in a landslide in 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026044-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Missouri\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026044-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Missouri\nMissouri voted for the Democratic candidate, Samuel J. Tilden, over Republican candidate, Rutherford B. Hayes. Tilden won Missouri by a margin of 16.27%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026045-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 7, 1876 as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026045-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nNebraska voted for the Republican nominee, Ohio Governor Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, New York Governor Samuel J. Tilden by a margin of 29.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026045-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nWith 64.70% of the popular vote, Nebraska would be Hayes' second strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026046-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Nevada\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026046-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Nevada\nNevada voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won the state by a margin of 5.46%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026047-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026047-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nNew Hampshire voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won the state by a narrow margin of 3.78%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026048-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose nine representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026048-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nNew Jersey voted for the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden, over the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes. Tilden won the state by a narrow margin of 5.65%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026049-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in New York\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 7, 1876. All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose 35 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026049-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York was won by the Democratic nominees, Governor Samuel J. Tilden of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana. Tilden and Hendricks defeated the Republican nominees, Governor Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio and his running mate Congressman William A. Wheeler of New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026049-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in New York\nTilden carried New York State with 51.40% of the vote to Hayes's 48.17%, a victory margin of 3.23%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026049-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York weighed in for this election as less than 1% more Democratic than the national average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026049-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in New York\nWhile Tilden won his home state's 35 electoral votes, he ultimately narrowly lost his quest for the presidency in the electoral college by just 1 electoral vote, amidst heavily disputed election results, despite winning a majority of the nationwide popular vote by a 51-48 margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026049-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in New York\nTilden performed most strongly downstate in the New York City area, where he received more than 60% of the vote in New York County and Richmond County, and also won Kings County and Queens County. Tilden also won nearby Suffolk County, Westchester County, and Rockland County. Hayes won much of upstate New York, including a victory in Erie County, home to the city of Buffalo, although Tilden did win a fair number of upstate counties including Albany County, home to the state capital of Albany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026049-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in New York\nThis would be the final time New York would vote for a losing presidential candidate until it voted for Charles Evans Hughes in 1916. This would also be the last time the state voted for a losing Democratic presidential candidate until it voted for Hubert Humphrey in 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026050-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. North Carolina voters chose 10 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026050-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nNorth Carolina was won by Samuel J. Tilden, the former governor of New York (D\u2013New York), running with Thomas A. Hendricks, the governor of Indiana and future vice president, with 53.62% of the popular vote, against Rutherford B. Hayes, the governor of Ohio (R-Ohio), running with Representative William A. Wheeler, with 46.38% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026050-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nThis is the only occasion when Unionist, high-altitude Mitchell County has ever voted for a Democratic Presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026051-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Ohio\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Ohio was held on November 7, 1876 as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. State voters chose 22 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026051-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Ohio\nOhio was narrowly won by the Republican Party candidate and native son, Rutherford B. Hayes, with 50.21% of the popular vote. The Democratic Party candidate, Samuel J. Tilden, garnered 49.07% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026052-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Oregon\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026052-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Oregon\nOregon voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won the state by a narrow margin of 3.54%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026053-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose 29 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026053-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nPennsylvania voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won Pennsylvania by a narrow margin of 2.37%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026054-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026054-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nRhode Island voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won the state by a margin of 19.06%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026054-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nWith 59.29% of the popular vote, Rhode Island would be Hayes' fourth strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont, Nebraska and Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026054-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nThis was the only election between 1860 and 1888 where the Democratic candidate earned more than 40% statwide, as well as the only election in the same period where the Democratic candidate earned more than 40% in at least one Rhode Island county.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026055-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose 7 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026055-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nSouth Carolina voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won the state by a very narrow margin of 0.48%, only 889 votes. Events such as the Hamburg massacre served to dissuade many Republican voters. This would be the last time a Republican presidential candidate would win South Carolina until Barry Goldwater carried the state in 1964. Had Tilden won South Carolina, he would have won the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026056-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose twelve representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026056-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nTennessee was won by Samuel J. Tilden, the former governor of New York (D\u2013New York), running with Thomas A. Hendricks, the governor of Indiana and future vice president, with 59.79% of the popular vote, against Rutherford B. Hayes, the governor of Ohio (R-Ohio), running with Representative William A. Wheeler, with 40.21% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026056-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nThis election was the last when the Unionist Highland Rim counties of Henderson and Wayne voted for a Democratic Presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026057-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Texas\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Texas was held on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight electors to represent the state in the Electoral College, which chose the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026057-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Texas\nTexas overwhelmingly voted for the Democratic nominee, Governor Samuel J. Tilden of New York, who received 70% of the vote. With 70% of the popular vote, the Lone Star State proved to be Tilden's second-strongest state only after Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026058-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Vermont\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026058-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Vermont\nVermont voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won Vermont by a margin of 36.92%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026058-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Vermont\nWith 68.30% of the popular vote, Vermont would be Hayes' strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026059-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Virginia\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026059-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Virginia\nVirginia voted for the Democratic candidate, New York Governor Samuel J. Tilden over the Republican candidate, Ohio Governor Rutherford B. Hayes. Tilden won Virginia by a margin of 19.15%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026060-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. West Virginia voters chose five representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026060-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nWest Virginia was won by Samuel J. Tilden, the former governor of New York (D\u2013New York), running with Thomas A. Hendricks, the governor of Indiana and future vice president, with 56.75% of the popular vote, against Rutherford B. Hayes, the governor of Ohio (R-Ohio), running with Representative William A. Wheeler, with 42.15% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026060-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nWith his win, Tilden became the first Democratic presidential candidate to win West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026060-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThe Greenback Party chose industrialist Peter Cooper and former representative Samuel Fenton Cary, received 1.11% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026061-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nThe 1876 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 7, 1876 as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. State voters chose ten electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026061-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nRepublican Party candidate Rutherford B. Hayes won Wisconsin with 50.57 percent of the popular vote, winning the state's ten electoral votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026062-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 University of Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of University of Sydney on 5 October 1876 because of creation of the district. The Electoral Act 1858 (NSW) provided that the district would be established once there were 100 people who had graduated from the University of Sydney with a Doctor of Laws, Doctor of Medicine or Master of Arts. In June 1876 the University an additional graduate with a Doctor of Law and 10 with a Master of Arts, bringing the total to 111. Voting was restricted to members of the university senate, professors, public teachers and examiners, the principals of incorporated colleges within the university, masters of arts, doctors of laws or medicine and members of the University who were entitled to vote for the university senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 839]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026062-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 University of Sydney colonial by-election\nWhile there was no qualification for candidates, William Windeyer graduated with a Master of Arts in 1859, and Edmund Barton had graduated with a Master of Arts in 1870.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026063-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 5, 1876. Incumbent Republican Asahel Peck, per the \"Mountain Rule\", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Horace Fairbanks defeated Democratic candidate W.H.H. Bingham to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026064-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Victorian football season\nThe 1876 Victorian football season was an Australian rules football competition played during the winter of 1876. The season consisted of matches between metropolitan and provincial football clubs in the colony of Victoria. The premier metropolitan club was Melbourne, and the premier provincial club was Barwon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026064-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Victorian football season\nThis was the final season of decentralised administration of football in Victoria; the Victorian Football Association was formed the following year to provide a committee-based approach to the administration of the sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026064-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Victorian football season, 1876 premierships\nSix metropolitan clubs participated in senior football during the 1876 season: Albert-park, Carlton, Carlton Imperial, East Melbourne, Melbourne and St Kilda. As had been the case for a few years, Carlton and Melbourne were considered the dominant clubs in the city, so the premier club was decided based entirely on the head-to-head record between the clubs; in their four meetings, Melbourne won two, Carlton won one, and one was drawn, so Melbourne was recognised as the premier club for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026064-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 Victorian football season, 1876 premierships\nIn the provincial competition, Barwon was the premier team, and was the winner of the Geelong, Ballarat and Wimmera District Challenge Cup. Barwon was presented with the cup after defeating Geelong 2\u20131 on 29 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026064-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 Victorian football season, 1876 premierships, Club senior records\nThe below table is the results for senior clubs during the 1876 season. The table shows the record across all matches, including senior, junior and intercolonial matches. The clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Australasian newspaper. Other than announcing the top three place-getters, there was no formal process by which the clubs were ranked, so the below order should be considered indicative only, particularly since the fixturing of matches was not standardised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026064-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 Victorian football season, Albert-park cum North Melbourne\nIn May, shortly before the start of the season, the North Melbourne Football Club was disbanded, and most senior players and many members of the club joined the Albert-park Football Club, which was itself in a weakened position due to the departure of many players. There was no formal amalgamation between the two clubs, but Albert-park took on a strong North Melbourne character, fielding more former North Melbourne players than Albert-park players, and many fans openly cheered for North Melbourne rather than Albert-park \u2013 and some in the media came to describe the club as Albert-park cum North Melbourne. The arrangement lasted only for one year, and the Hotham Football Club was re-established in North Melbourne in 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026064-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 Victorian football season, Disputed match between Carlton and Melbourne\nThe result of the final match for the season, between Carlton and Melbourne held at the Madeline St reserve on 23 September - a de facto premiership playoff match - was disputed between the two clubs, owing to a disagreement over whether the first half goal scored by Melbourne's F. Baker was valid. Baker had taken a mark right on the goal line and quickly kicked the ball between the posts, but Carlton players protested that Baker had illegally pushed Carlton defender Nudd out of the marking contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 76], "content_span": [77, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026064-0007-0000", "contents": "1876 Victorian football season, Disputed match between Carlton and Melbourne\nAccording to The Australasian reporter Peter Pindar, who reported the details of a conversation he had with field umpire Searcey after the game, Searcey agreed that Nudd had been illegally pushed and was about to annul the goal (which the goal umpire had already awarded) and award a free kick when the Carlton players began to protest; however, he was offended by the language that the Carlton players had used toward him, so he instead left the ground immediately, without having resolved the issue of the goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 76], "content_span": [77, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026064-0007-0001", "contents": "1876 Victorian football season, Disputed match between Carlton and Melbourne\nThere was a delay of fifteen minutes before a new umpire, Mr Bride, could be found, and while Carlton unsuccessfully protested the awarding of the goal. Each club scored one additional goal during the rest of the game, resulting in a 2\u20131 victory for Melbourne. Following the match, the Carlton Football Club maintained its position of disputing Baker's goal, and claimed the match as a 1\u20131 draw. With no formal means of resolving the dispute, both clubs maintained their positions, to the point that the two clubs reported different results for the match in their annual reports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 76], "content_span": [77, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026064-0008-0000", "contents": "1876 Victorian football season, Disputed match between Carlton and Melbourne\nBut as major newspapers all considered the match to be a Melbourne victory, Melbourne was thus declared the premier club for the season, having beaten Carlton twice (including this match) and lost to Carlton once during the season, with the other match being drawn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 76], "content_span": [77, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026065-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Wanganui by-election\nThe 1876 Wanganui by-election was a by-election held  on 27 September 1876 in the Wanganui electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. It was then a two-member electorate; the other member being John Bryce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026065-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Wanganui by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Julius Vogel, who was going to London as Agent-General. He was replaced by William Fox, despite him being absent from the colony at the time and not expected back for two months.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026065-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 Wanganui by-election\nJohn Morgan, who came second was a farmer. He was nominated as William Fox had not been communicated with, and might wish to go in the upper house rather than the lower house when he returned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026066-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Wellington City mayoral election\nThe 1876 Wellington City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. William Hutchison, the incumbent Mayor sought re-election and retained office unopposed with no other candidates emerging.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026066-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Wellington City mayoral election, Background\nIn his term as Mayor of Wellington, Hutchinson was mostly occupied with the issue of whether the Wellington Waterfront should be controlled by the city council directly or by a separate entity. It would later result in the creation of the Wellington Harbour Board. It was the first of four instances between 1876 and 1898 where the mayoralty was uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026067-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 West Aberdeenshire by-election\nThe West Aberdeenshire by-election of 1876 was fought on 10 May 1876. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, William McCombie. It was won by the Liberal candidate Lord Douglas Gordon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026068-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1876 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on October 10, 1876, to elect the governor of West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026069-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 West Worcestershire by-election\nThe West Worcestershire by-election of 1876 was fought on 8 July 1876. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, William Edward Dowdeswell. It was won by the Conservative candidate Sir Edmund Lechmere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026070-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1876 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1876 college football season. The team finished with a 3\u20130 record and was retroactively named national champion by the Billingsley Report, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis. The Yale team defeated rival Harvard for the first time. Walter Camp also played for the first time. The team's captain was Eugene V. Baker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026070-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe Princeton-Yale matchup is considered to have popularized the tradition of Thanksgiving football. It effectively decided the national championship after Princeton defeated Columbia. Thompson and Camp executed the first \"legal\" forward pass in football history. Early in the game, Camp ran for a good gain on a play, however when he was finally tackled, he threw the ball forward to O. D. Thompson, who ran for a touchdown. The Princeton players protested the play. Since the rules of football were still unclear in 1876, a coin toss was used by the referee to decide if the play stood. Yale won the toss and the touchdown stood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026071-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections\nElections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1876 (with one state in 1877) for Representatives to the 45th Congress. These elections coincided with the (heavily contested) election of President Rutherford B. Hayes and the United States Centennial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026071-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections\nHayes' Republican Party was able to recover from the Democratic Party many of the seats it had lost two years before as the economy improved slightly. However, the Democrats retained a majority and were able to use the disinterest of the people in Republican Reconstruction-led projects to help keep crucial seats. Republican congressional leadership had a difficult time distancing itself from the corruption of the Grant administration or the legislature's impact on the economy downturn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026071-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries\nThe previous election included 4 Independents, in Illinois and Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 82], "content_span": [83, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026071-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections, Election dates\nIn 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors. This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the states moved their congressional elections to this date as well. In 1876\u201377, there were still 8 states with earlier election dates, and 1 state with a later election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 78], "content_span": [79, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026071-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections, Alabama\nAlabama redistricted and eliminated its at-large seats, going from 6 districts and 2 at-large seats to 8 districts. The state also elected a full delegation of Democrats, voting out the two Republicans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 71], "content_span": [72, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026071-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections, Colorado\nThere were two elections to the new state of Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 72], "content_span": [73, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026071-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections, Connecticut\nConnecticut had been electing is members late in the cycle, even after the terms had begun. But starting in 1876, the state joined the others in electing its members on the November 7, 1876 Election Day. The delegation remained 3 Democrats and 1 Republican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 75], "content_span": [76, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026071-0007-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections, Wisconsin\nWisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 7, 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 73], "content_span": [74, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026072-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections\nThe United States Senate elections of 1876 and 1877 had the Democratic Party gain five seats in the United States Senate, and coincided with Rutherford B. Hayes's narrow election as President. Republicans remained in the majority, however.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026072-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections\nAs these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026072-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, Change in Senate composition, Before the elections\nAfter the November 15, 1876 elections in the new state of Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026072-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 44th Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were seated during 1876 or in 1877 before March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 104], "content_span": [105, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026072-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 45th Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1877; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026072-0005-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 45th Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were elected in 1877 after March 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026072-0006-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania (Special)\nThe special election in Pennsylvania was held March 20, 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026072-0007-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania (Special)\nRepublican Senator Simon Cameron had been elected to the United States Senate by the Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, in 1867 and was re-elected in 1873. Sen. Cameron resigned on March 12, 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026072-0008-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania (Special)\nFollowing the resignation of Simon Cameron, the Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on March 20, 1877, to elect a new Senator to fill the vacancy. Former United States Secretary of War J. Donald Cameron, Simon Cameron's son, was elected to complete his father's term, set to expire on March 4, 1879. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026072-0009-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, West Virginia, West Virginia (Special)\nFirst-term Democrat Allen T. Caperton died July 26, 1876, in his second year in office. Fellow-Democrat Samuel Price was appointed August 26, 1876 to continue the term, pending a special election in which he was a candidate. Price lost the election to Democratic congressman Frank Hereford January 26, 1877 on the 5th ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 84], "content_span": [85, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026072-0010-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, West Virginia, West Virginia (Special)\nHereford resigned from the House January 31, 1877, thereby qualifying for the Senate. He only finished the term and left office in 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 84], "content_span": [85, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026072-0011-0000", "contents": "1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, West Virginia, West Virginia (Regular)\nFirst-term Democrat Henry G. Davis was re-elected January 26, 1877 on the fourth ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 84], "content_span": [85, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026073-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 college football season\nThe 1876 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Yale as having been selected national champions. On November 11, organized intercollegiate football was first played in the state of Pennsylvania as Princeton defeated Penn 6\u20130 in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026074-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in Argentina, Deaths\nThis article article about the history of Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026075-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1876 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026076-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026079-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in Canada, Historical documents\nBell's Ontario experiments lead to the first long-distance telephone conversation", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026079-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 in Canada, Historical documents\nTreaty 6 annexes land of Cree and other nations in exchange for reserves subject to sale or development, plus money and supplies", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026079-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 in Canada, Historical documents\nMark Twain's anger at a Canadian firm publishing The Adventures of Tom Sawyer without permission", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026080-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1876 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026083-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in France\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by BrownHairedGirl (talk | contribs) at 17:16, 19 June 2020 (use Template:Year in France header, which needs no parameters and applies categories, replaced: {{Year in France|1876}} \u2192 {{Year in France header}}). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026088-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1876 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026088-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nThe 1875 general election, which started on 29 December, concludes on 4 January. The 6th New Zealand Parliament commences.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026088-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nPremier Atkinson abolishes the New Zealand provincial system on 1 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026088-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nThe first interclub competition in the country is held between the Dunedin and Fernhill clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026093-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1876 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026093-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 in South Africa, Railways, Locomotives\nSix new locomotive types enter service on the Cape Government Railways (CGR):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026095-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1876 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026097-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in architecture\nThe year 1876 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026099-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in association football\nThe following are events in 1876 which are relevant to the development of association football. Included are events in closely related codes, such as the Sheffield Rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026100-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in baseball\nAfter a tumultuous five-year existence, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NA) folded following the 1875 season. The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs (NL) was formed in Chicago, Illinois, by businessman and owner of the Chicago Base Ball Club (now known as the Chicago Cubs), William Hulbert, for the purpose of replacing the NA, which he believed to have been corrupt, mismanaged, full of rowdy, drunken ballplayers, and under the influence of the gambling community.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026100-0000-0001", "contents": "1876 in baseball\nOne of the new rules put into place by the new league was that all teams had to be located in cities that had a population of 75,000 or more. The initial NL season began with eight teams, and they were asked to play seventy games between April 22 and October 21. The NL is considered to be the first \"major league\", although it has been argued that the NA can make that claim.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026101-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in birding and ornithology\nBirds described in 1876 include the tooth-billed bowerbird, Heuglin's gull, Chinese white-browed rosefinch, Sclater's crowned pigeon, Pohnpei flycatcher, mountain myzomela, streak-headed honeyeater and Maxwell's black weaver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026102-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026104-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026105-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026105-0001-0000", "contents": "1876 in poetry, Works published in English, United States, The Sweet Singer of Michigan Salutes the Public\nThis year Poetaster Julia A. Moore's first book of verse, The Sentimental Song Book, was published in Grand Rapids, and  quickly went into a second printing. A copy fell into the hands of one James F. Ryder, a Cleveland, Ohio, publisher who recognized its awful majesty and soon republished it under the title The Sweet Singer of Michigan Salutes the Public. Ryder sent out numerous review copies to newspapers across the country, with a cover letter filled with low key mock praise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 106], "content_span": [107, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026105-0002-0000", "contents": "1876 in poetry, Works published in English, United States, The Sweet Singer of Michigan Salutes the Public\nAnd so Moore received national attention. Following Ryder's lead, contemporary reviews were amusedly negative. For instance, The Rochester Democrat wrote of Sweet Singer, that \"Shakespeare, could he read it, would be glad that he was dead \u2026. If Julia A. Moore would kindly deign to shed some of her poetry on our humble grave, we should be but too glad to go out and shoot ourselves tomorrow.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 106], "content_span": [107, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026105-0003-0000", "contents": "1876 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026105-0004-0000", "contents": "1876 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026106-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026107-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in science\nThe year 1876 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026108-0000-0000", "contents": "1876 in sports\n1876 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026111-0000-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1876\u201377 season was the fourth Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026111-0001-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nDespite an encouraging start in the campaign, by disposing of their local rivals Renton in the first round, Dumbarton disappointingly lost out to Lennox in the third round of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026111-0002-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDuring the season, 8 'friendly' matches were reported to have been played, including home and away fixtures against local rivals, Vale of Leven and Glasgow side, South Western, of which 4 were won, 2 drawn and 2 lost, scoring 18 goals and conceding 6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026111-0003-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026112-0000-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 FA Cup\nThe 1876\u201377 Football Association Challenge Cup was the sixth staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. Thirty-seven teams entered, five more than the previous season, although five of the thirty-seven never played a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026112-0001-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 FA Cup, Format\nFirst Round: 36 teams (Queen's Park getting a bye) would play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026112-0002-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 FA Cup, Format\nSecond Round: 18 teams (with Queen's Park still having a bye) would play", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026112-0003-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 FA Cup, Format\nThird Round: The 10 remaining teams would play a game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 77]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026112-0004-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 FA Cup, Format\nFourth Round: 4 teams, with Wanderers getting a bye would play for a spot in the Semi-Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026112-0005-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 FA Cup, Format\nSemi-Finals: 2 of the 3 remaining teams would play for a chance to play Oxford University (after getting a bye) in the final", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026112-0006-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 FA Cup, Format\nFinal: Oxford University would face the Semi-Final for the chance to win their second FA Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026113-0000-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1876\u201377 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1876 college football season. They finished with a 3\u20131 record. The team captain was Nathaniel Curtis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026113-0001-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Harvard Crimson football team\nOn November 18, 1876, the second Harvard\u2013Yale football rivalry game was played before a crowd of approximately 2,000 people at Hamilton Park in New Haven, Connecticut. Walter Camp played for Yale, which won the game 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026114-0000-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nSeason 1876\u201377 was the second season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026114-0001-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts entered the Scottish Cup for the second time. However they failed to turn up for the match and the game was awarded to Dunfermline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026115-0000-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Home Nations rugby union matches\nThe 1876\u201377 Home Nations rugby union matches are a series of international friendlies held between the England, Ireland and Scotland national rugby union teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026115-0001-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Home Nations rugby union matches, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026115-0002-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Home Nations rugby union matches, Matches, England vs. Ireland\nEngland: LH Birkett (Clapham Rovers), L Stokes (Blackheath F.C. ), A. N. Hornby (Preston), Reg Birkett (Clapham Rovers), WC Hutchinson (I.C.E. College), PLA Price (I.C.E. College), Edward Kewley (Liverpool) capt., FR Adams (Richmond), RH Fowler (Leeds), Murray Marshall (Blackheath F.C. ), G Harrison (Hull), WH Hunt (Preston), Charles Touzel (Cambridge University), FH Lee (Oxford University), Edward Beadon Turner (St. George's Hospital)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 70], "content_span": [71, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026115-0003-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Home Nations rugby union matches, Matches, England vs. Ireland\nIreland: RB Walkington (NIFC), R Galbraith (Dublin University) capt:, H Brown (Windsor), FW Kidd (Lansdowne), AM Whitestone (Dublin University), TG Gordon (NIFC), HW Jackson (Dublin University), HL Cox (Dublin University), W Finlay (NIFC), J Ireland (Windsor), WH Wilson (Dublin University), HG Edwards (Dublin University), HC Kelly (NIFC), T Brown (Windsor), WJ Hamilton (Dublin University)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 70], "content_span": [71, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026115-0004-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Home Nations rugby union matches, Matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nIreland: RGM Shaw, H Moore, RB Walkington, FW Kidd, J Heron, TG Gordon, J Correll, HL Cox, W Finlay, JA McDonald, WH Wilson capt:, HW Murray, HC Kelly, T Brown, WH Ash", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 71], "content_span": [72, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026115-0005-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Home Nations rugby union matches, Matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nScotland: HH Johnston (Edinburgh University RFC), Malcolm Cross, RC MacKenzie, EI Pocock (Edinburgh Wanderers), JR Hay-Gordon, Stewart Henry Smith, DH Watson, D Lang, Charles Villar, RW Irvine capt., AG Petrie, JHS Graham, Henry Melville Napier, J Reid, JE Junor", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 71], "content_span": [72, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026115-0006-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Home Nations rugby union matches, Matches, Scotland vs. England\nEngland: LH Birkett, L Stokes, A. N. Hornby, AW Pearson, WAD Evanson, PLA Price, Edward Kewley capt., HWT Garnett, R Todd, Murray Marshall, G Harrison (Hull), WH Hunt (Preston), Charles Touzel, CC Bryden, AF Law", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 71], "content_span": [72, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026115-0007-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Home Nations rugby union matches, Matches, Scotland vs. England\nScotland: JS Carrick, HH Johnston (Edinburgh Collegiate RFC), Malcolm Cross, RC MacKenzie, EI Pocock (Edinburgh Wanderers), JR Hay-Gordon, DH Watson, TJ Torrie, Charles Villar, RW Irvine capt., AG Petrie, JHS Graham, Henry Melville Napier, J Reid, JE Junor", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 71], "content_span": [72, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026116-0000-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Queen's Park F.C. season\nThe 1876\u201377 season was the sixth season of competitive football by Queen's Park. This was the first season that Queen's entered both the Scottish Cup and the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026116-0001-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Queen's Park F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nFor the first time, Queen's Park lost a Scottish Cup tie when they were beaten by eventual champions Vale of Leven in the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026116-0002-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Queen's Park F.C. season, FA Cup\nQueen's Park entered the FA Cup for the first time since 1872\u201373. They received a bye through rounds one and two but they withdrew before their round match with Oxford University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026116-0003-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Queen's Park F.C. season, Glasgow Merchants' Charity Cup\nFor the first edition of the end-of-season Glasgow Merchants' Charity Cup, Queen's Park were due to face Vale of Leven in the final. However, the Scottish Cup tie between the teams earlier in the season had ended in controversy as Queen's accused Vale of wearing illegal spikes on their boots. It was hoped the charity cup could be used to heal relations between the clubs but Vale refused to play and were replaced by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026117-0000-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Scottish Cup\nThe 1876\u201377 Scottish Cup \u2013 officially the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup \u2013 was the fourth season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Entries to the competition again increased with a total of 81 clubs involved in the first round draw. This resulted in an earlier start to the competition than in previous seasons with the first matches played on 23 September 1876. The cup was won for the first time by Dunbartonshire club Vale of Leven who defeated Rangers 3\u20132 in a twice-replayed final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026117-0001-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Scottish Cup\nThis was the first final which did not involve defending champions Queen's Park who lost 2\u20131 to Vale of Leven in the quarter-finals and the first time the cup was won by a team from outside Glasgow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026117-0002-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Scottish Cup, Calendar\nThe exact dates of some matches are unknown as newspaper coverage of football in the late 19th century was not as comprehensive as it would become.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026117-0003-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 81 teams entered the competition in the first round. As a result of teams withdrawing due to the cost of traveling long distances in previous seasons, the draw for the first two rounds was regionalised. This practice was continued in future seasons until the introduction of the Scottish Qualifying Cup in 1895\u201396.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026118-0000-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1876-77 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026118-0001-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the Inter-City fixture between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District; and the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026118-0002-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe East of Scotland v West of Scotland trial match was kept as an annual event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026118-0003-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nGlasgow District: J. S. Carrick (Glasgow Academicals), M. Cross (Glasgow Academicals), A. McGeoch (West of Scotland), J. Neilson (Glasgow Academicals), W. H. Little (West of Scotland), D. H. Watson (Glasgow Academicals) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026118-0003-0001", "contents": "1876\u201377 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\ncaptain], J. Junor (Glasgow Academicals), A. T. Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), T. Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), W. Morton (St. Vincent), W. B. Russell (West of Scotland), J. Cochrane (West of Scotland), H. Napier (West of Scotland), R. A. Ker (Glasgow University), T. M. Morrison (Glasgow University)Edinburgh District: John Smith (Edinburgh University), G. A. Scott (Royal HSFP), J. Rutherford (Royal HSFP), R. Johnston (Edinburgh Academicals), E. I. Pocock (Edinburgh Wanderers), A. G. Petrie (Royal HSFP) [ captain], R. B. Murrie (Royal HSFP), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals), G. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), T. Torrie (Edinburgh Academicals), G. Macleod (Edinburgh Academicals), C. Hawkins (Edinburgh Wanderers), C. Villar (Edinburgh Wanderers), R. G. Strong (Edinburgh Wanderers), G. Budd (Edinburgh Wanderers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 880]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026118-0004-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nEast of Scotland District: J. Norrie (Abertay), back; 2, H. Stiven (Dundee), half-back\u00a0; 3, W. Dick, half-back\u00a0; 4, M. Wright (Red Cross), quarter\u00a0; 5, G. Auldjo (St Andrews University), quarter\u00a0; 6, A. Stiven (Dundee), [captain]\u00a0; 7, E. Hill (Dundee)\u00a0; 8, D. R. Irvine (Aberdeen Rangers)\u00a0; 9, G. Cruden (Aberdeen Rangers)\u00a0; 10, D. M. Barrow (St Andrews University)\u00a0; 11, E. Morrison (St Andrews University)\u00a0; 12, L. C. Auldjo (Abertay)\u00a0; 13, Newman (Abertay)\u00a0; 14, W. Johnston (Red Cross), 15, A. B Storrier (Red Cross).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026118-0004-0001", "contents": "1876\u201377 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nEdinburgh District: H. H. Johnston (Collegiate F.P),  R. Johnston (Edinburgh Academicals), J. C. Montgomerie (Edinburgh Wanderers), George Paterson (Edinburgh Academicals), E. I. Pocock (Edinburgh Wanderers), A. G. Petrie [captain] (Royal HSFP), J. Morrison, (Royal HSFP), R. W. Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals) T. Torrie (Edinburgh Academicals) G. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals) T. Tod (Edinburgh Academicals) 13, C. Villar (Edinburgh Wanderers), R. G. Strong (Edinburgh Wanderers), Nat Brewis (Edinburgh Institution F.P.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026118-0005-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nEast of Scotland District: Henry Halcro Johnston (Collegiate), J. Smith (Edinburgh University), J. V. Rutherford (Royal HSFP), E. I. Pocock (Edinburgh Wanderers), George Paterson (Edinburgh Academicals), A. G. Petrie (Royal HSFP) [ captain], J. O. Morrison (Royal HSFP), R. B. Murrie (Royal HSFP), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals), T. Torrie (Edinburgh Academicals), G. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), C. Villar (Edinburgh Wanderers), R. G. Strong (Edinburgh Wanderers), G. Budd (Edinburgh Wanderers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026118-0005-0001", "contents": "1876\u201377 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nWest of Scotland District: J. S. Carrick (Glasgow Academicals), M. Cross (Glasgow Academicals), R. C. Mackenzie (Glasgow Academicals), D. H. Watson (Glasgow Academicals), J. Little (West of Scotland), J. H. Smith (Glasgow Academicals), J. E. Junor (Glasgow Academicals), A. T. Arthur (Glasgow Academicals),  H. Napier (West of Scotland), J. Cochrane (West of Scotland), W. B. Russell (West of Scotland),  R. A. Ker (Glasgow University), T. Morrison (Glasgow University), D. Y. Cassels (Glasgow University), W. Morton (St. Vincent)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026119-0000-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 in English football\nThe 1876\u201377 season was the sixth season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026119-0001-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 in English football, National team\nOnce again England played Scotland at the Kennington OvalThis was England's first defeat on 'home soil'. The referee for this match was former England player, Robert Ogilvie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026119-0002-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026120-0000-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 in Scottish football\nThe 1876\u201377 season was the fourth season of competitive domestic football in Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026120-0001-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 in Scottish football, Overview\nThe Scottish Cup was contested for the fourth time with Vale of Leven winning the cup for the first time. On the international front, Scotland played two away matches including their first in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026120-0002-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 in Scottish football, Overview\nIn addition, Queen's Park competed in the FA Cup and the Glasgow Merchants Charity Cup was played for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026120-0003-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup\nThe increasing popularity of the competition saw 81 clubs entering the tournament's fourth edition. Vale of Leven progress to the latter stages was comfortable, eliminating Helensburgh, Vale of Leven Rovers, 3rd Lanark RV and Busby without conceding a goal. They also became the first team to beat Queen's Park in a competitive fixture in the quarter-final before beating Ayr Thistle in the semi-final. Rangers received two byes through the course of the competition, including in the semi-finals. They conceded just one goal on their road to the final, defeating Queen's Park Juniors, Towerhill, Mauchline and Lennox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026120-0004-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup\nThere were two notable firsts for the final \u2013 the absence of Queen's Park, and the need for a second replay. As with the previous season, the first match was staged at Hamilton Crescent and finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Three weeks later, the same result was recorded at the same venue before Robert Paton scored an 88th-minute winner as Vale of Leven recorded a 3\u20132 win at Hampden Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026120-0005-0000", "contents": "1876\u201377 in Scottish football, FA Cup\nQueen's Park received byes to the third round but then withdrew before playing Oxford University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026121-0000-0000", "contents": "1877\n1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1877th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 877th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 77th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  8th   year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1877, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026122-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Amherst football team\nThe 1877 Amherst football team represented Amherst College during the 1877 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026123-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1877 Atlantic hurricane season lasted from mid-summer to late-fall. Records show that in 1877 there were eight cyclones, of which five were tropical storms and three were hurricanes, one of which became a major hurricane (Category 3+). However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026123-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) recognizes eight tropical cyclones for the 1877 season. Five were tropical storms and three were hurricanes, with winds of 75\u00a0mph (119\u00a0km/h) or greater. The first storm was a tropical storm which formed near the Turks & Caicos Islands on August\u00a01. It traveled parallel to the US east coast to make landfall in New Brunswick on August\u00a05. The second storm of the season formed as a tropical storm in the Gulf of Mexico on September\u00a014.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026123-0001-0001", "contents": "1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nIt developed into a Category 1 hurricane which first struck Louisiana on September\u00a018, then Florida the next day before dissipating in the Atlantic onSeptember\u00a021. Hurricane Three was a Category 1 hurricane that existed between September\u00a016 and 22 without making landfall. Hurricane Four was the strongest and most destructive storm of the season and impacted both Venezuela and Florida. Most notably, Hurricane Four caused 84 fatalities in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026123-0001-0002", "contents": "1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nTropical Storm Five existed between September\u00a024 and September\u00a029 in which period it traveled from north of Hispaniola to a point off the south-east coast of the United States. Tropical Storm Six existed for a few days in mid-October without making landfall. Tropical Storm Seven formed in the western Gulf of Mexico, tracked parallel to the US Gulf coast and crossed the Florida peninsula between October\u00a024 and October\u00a028. The last storm of the season was known to have existed for two days in November. It dissipated off the Newfoundland coast on November\u00a029.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026123-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nA tropical storm was first observed to the north of Turks and Caicos Islands on August\u00a01. It tracked along the eastern edge of the Bahamas, before paralleling the east coast of the United States. By August\u00a02, the tropical storm was nearly a hurricane, though records show that winds never exceeded 70\u00a0mph (113\u00a0km/h). It gradually weakened as it headed generally north. The storm finally made landfall in New Brunswick as a 60\u00a0mph (96\u00a0km/h) tropical storm on August\u00a05. Later it dissipated as it emerged into the Gulf of St. Lawrence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026123-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nA tropical storm formed in the Gulf of Mexico on September\u00a014. On September\u00a016 it reached peak intensity as an 80\u00a0mph (129\u00a0km/h) hurricane while it was within 120\u00a0miles (193\u00a0km) of the Texas coast. Although heavy rain and high tides were seen all along the Texas coast, the hurricane veered eastward, so avoiding a landfall in Texas. However, on September\u00a018 it made landfall in Louisiana while at the same strength. On September\u00a019 the hurricane made another landfall at Fort Walton Beach, Florida. It quickly weakened back to a tropical storm while still in the state of Florida. It emerged into the Atlantic on September\u00a020. The storm dissipated about 200 miles south of North Carolina on September\u00a021.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026123-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nA Category 1 hurricane was first discovered on September 16 in the mid-North Atlantic. It moved generally to the northwest for a few days then passed safely to the northeast of Bermuda between September 18 and 19th. It weakened to a tropical storm as it was moving toward Atlantic Canada. It dissipated while just offshore of southern Newfoundland. The storm is known to have reached hurricane strength from ship reports, most notably from the Harley John, and wind reports from St. Paul Island, Canada", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026123-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nOn September\u00a021, a tropical storm was first observed east of the Leeward Islands. It moved west at a low latitude, hugging the coast of South America while strengthening. It crossed over northern Venezuela on the September\u00a023, becoming one of just a few tropical systems to hit that country. The island of Cura\u00e7ao was devastated. The hurricane turned northward, weakening to a minimal Category 1 storm. It crossed the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, where it strengthened to a 115\u00a0mph\u00a0(185\u00a0km/h) major hurricane just before landfall at Panama City Beach, Florida, on October\u00a03.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026123-0005-0001", "contents": "1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nIt caused a storm tide of 12 feet (3.7\u00a0m) at St. Marks, Florida. The storm became extratropical over the Carolinas on October\u00a04. The storm caused heavy rain and flooding throughout North Carolina. Numerous ships were wrecked along the United States Atlantic coast. Overall, the hurricane was responsible for 84 deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026123-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nOn September\u00a024 a tropical storm was discovered north of Hispaniola. It tracked through the Bahamas over the next few days. After passing the Bahamas, it moved parallel to the southeastern coast of the United States. The storm reached peak intensity on September\u00a028. It apparently dissipated on September\u00a029.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026123-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Six\nA tropical storm was discovered roughly halfway between Bermuda and the Cape Verde Islands on October\u00a013. It headed generally northward and did not strengthen. It became extratropical to the southeast of Cape Race on October\u00a016. This extratropical storm lasted until October\u00a018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026123-0008-0000", "contents": "1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven\nA tropical storm was first discovered on October\u00a024 in the Gulf of Mexico. It paralleled the states of the Gulf Coast for a few days before ultimately making landfall near Cedar Key, Florida, as a tropical storm. The storm later strengthened slightly but dissipated on October\u00a028.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026123-0009-0000", "contents": "1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nA tropical storm was discovered in the vicinity of the Bahamas on November\u00a028. It reached peak intensity on November\u00a029. The storm became extratropical by November\u00a030 and affected many areas of Atlantic Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026124-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Birthday Honours\nThe 1877 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 30 May and 2 June 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026124-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026125-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Boston Red Caps season\nThe 1877 Boston Red Caps season was the seventh season of the franchise. Arthur Soden became the new owner of the franchise, who won their first National League pennant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026125-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026125-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026125-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026126-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1877 saw the election of Henry L. Pierce, who unseated incumbent mayor Frederick O. Prince.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026127-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Brooklyn Hartfords season\nThe Hartford Dark Blues moved to Brooklyn, New York prior to the 1877 season and were renamed as the Brooklyn Hartfords. This was to be the Hartfords last season, as they disbanded following the completion of their schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026127-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Brooklyn Hartfords season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026127-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Brooklyn Hartfords season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026127-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Brooklyn Hartfords season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026127-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 Brooklyn Hartfords season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026128-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Central Cumberland colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Central Cumberland on 31 August 1877 because the seats of William Long and John Lackey were declared vacant as they had been appointed to positions in the fourth Robertson ministry. Long was appointed Colonial Treasurer, and Lackey was appointed Minister of Justice and Public Instruction. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested however on this occasion, only Thomas Garrett (Camden) and Ezekiel Baker (Goldfields South) were unopposed. While the other ministers, John Robertson (West Sydney), John Davies (East Sydney) and Edward Combes (Orange) were opposed, all were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026129-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1877 Chicago White Stockings season was the 6th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 2nd in the National League and the 4th at 23rd Street Grounds. The White Stockings finished fifth in the National League with a record of 26\u201333.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026129-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026129-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026129-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026129-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026130-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Chicago mayoral election\nIn the Chicago mayoral election of 1877, Republican Monroe Heath was reelected, defeating Democrat Perry H. Smith by a more than twenty point margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026130-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Chicago mayoral election\nOn April 23, 1875, Chicago had voted to operate under the Cities and Villages Act of 1872. This moved its mayoral elections from November to April. The 1877 election was the first Chicago mayoral election to be scheduled in accordance with this change (the disputed April 1876 election was nullified because it had not been officially scheduled). As a result, the election took place on April 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026130-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Chicago mayoral election, Results\nHeath won reelection by a large majority. Republicans managed to sweep all citywide offices in the municipal elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026131-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Cincinnati Reds season\nThe 1877 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished sixth and last in the National League with a record of 15\u201342, 25\u00bd games behind the Boston Red Caps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026131-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nAfter finishing dead last in the National League in the 1876 season, the Reds attempted to improve their club by signing Lip Pike, who spent the previous season with the St. Louis Brown Stockings. Pike was also named the manager of the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026131-0001-0001", "contents": "1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nSome other off-season additions included Bob Addy, who spent the previous season with the Chicago White Stockings, Jack Manning of the Boston Red Caps, and a couple of new pitchers with Candy Cummings, who had a 16\u20138 record with a 1.67 ERA with the Hartford Dark Blues joining the team, as well as Bobby Mathews, who had a 21\u201334 record with New York Mutuals in 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026131-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nCharley Jones had another solid season for the Reds, hitting .310 with two homers and a team high 36 RBI. Manning had solid year, hitting .317, as he had a team high 80 hits while tying Jones with a team high 36 RBI. Pike hit .298 with a teah high four home runs, and added 23 RBI. On the mound, rookie Bobby Mitchell came up late in the season, and was very impressive, leading Cincinnati with six victories with a team best 3.51 in twelve games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026131-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary\nThe Reds got off to another terrible start, as they had a 3\u201311 start to the season, and Pike stepped down as the manager. Bob Addy took over as player manager; however, he too saw very few wins as Cincinnati went 5\u201319 during his managerial stint. Jack Manning then finished the year as player-manager, going 7\u201312, as the Reds had a 15\u201342 record, once again finishing in the National League cellar, 25.5 games behind the first place Boston Red Caps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026131-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026131-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026131-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026131-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026132-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 City of Auckland West by-election\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by J947 (talk | contribs) at 23:05, 21 June 2020 (add 'via' parameter to references using AWB). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026132-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 City of Auckland West by-election\nThe 1877 City of Auckland West by-election was a by-election held  on 2 May 1877 in the City of Auckland West electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. It was then a two-member electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026132-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 City of Auckland West by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Benjamin Tonks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026132-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 City of Auckland West by-election\nHis opponent Robert Graham was a former Superintendent of Auckland Province, and there was some surprise at his defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026133-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 City of Wellington by-election\nThe 1877 City of Wellington by-election was a by-election held in the multi-member City of Wellington electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament, on 27 March 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026133-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 City of Wellington by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of one of the two incumbent MPs, Edward Pearce, and led to his replacement by William Travers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026134-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Clare by-election\nThe Clare by-election of 1877 was fought on 13 August 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, Sir Colman O'Loghlen. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Sir Bryan O'Loghlen. The result was remarkable in that O'Loghlen did not seek the nomination and was elected without his consent. He refused to take his seat as he was Attorney-General of Victoria. This position was considered an office of profit and thus disqualified him from membership of the House of Commons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026134-0000-0001", "contents": "1877 Clare by-election\nA select committee was established to consider the issue and reported in 1879. The found that this was the case and the seat was declared vacant. Some controversy remained because O'Loghlen's position was in a colony and not in the United Kingdom. A writ was moved for another by-election in 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026135-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Columbia football team\nThe 1877 Columbia football team represented Columbia University in the 1877 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026136-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Dublin University by-election\nThe Dublin University by-election of 1877 was fought on 13 February 1877. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Edward Gibson, becoming Attorney-General for Ireland. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026137-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Dungarvan by-election\nThe Dungarvan by-election of 1877 was fought on 23 June 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, John O'Keeffe. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Frank Hugh O'Donnell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026138-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Dutch general election\nPartial general elections were held in the Netherlands on 12 June 1877 to elect half the seats in the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026139-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 East Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Sydney on 15 July 1877 because John Davies was appointed Postmaster-General in the fourth Robertson ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested however on this occasion a poll was required in Central Cumberland (John Lackey and William Long), East Sydney, Orange (Edward Combes) and West Sydney (John Robertson). Each minister was comfortably re-elected. Only Camden (Thomas Garrett) and Goldfields South (Ezekiel Baker) were uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026140-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 English cricket season\n1877 was the 91st season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026140-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 English cricket season, Events\n15 - 19 March. Australia v. England at Melbourne Cricket Ground. Afterwards recognised as the first-ever Test Match. Australia won by 45 runs with Charles Bannerman scoring 165*: the first Test century. William Midwinter, with 5-78 in England\u2019s first innings, was the first bowler to take five wickets in a Test innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026140-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 English cricket season, Events\n31 March - 4 April. Australia v. England: Second Test, also at MCG. England won by 4 wickets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026140-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 English cricket season, Events\n27 July - 28 July. Gloucestershire beats an \"unrepresentative\" (Wisden) England team by five wickets. Since 1877 only Yorkshire in 1905 and 1935 has equalled this feat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026140-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 English cricket season, Events\n10 & 12 November. South Australia v. Tasmania at Adelaide was the earliest first class match played by South Australia. They won by an innings and 13 runs, their team including George Giffen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026140-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026141-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 FA Cup Final\nThe 1877 FA Cup Final  was a football match between Wanderers and Oxford University on 24 March 1877 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the sixth final of the world's oldest football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (known in the modern era as the FA Cup). Wanderers were the reigning cup-holders and had won the competition three times in total. Oxford had also previously won the tournament, making this the first FA Cup Final played between two former winners. Wanderers had reached the final without conceding a goal, defeating Cambridge University in the semi-finals. Oxford had only played three matches in the five rounds prior to the final due to a combination of byes and opponents withdrawing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026141-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 FA Cup Final\nOxford took the lead in the final when Arthur Kinnaird, the Wanderers goalkeeper, stepped behind his goal-line while holding the ball, thereby scoring an own goal. Wanderers equalised in the dying stages of the match and scored the winning goal in extra time. Oxford's goal was struck from the official records after the match, but reinstated over a hundred years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026141-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nWanderers were the reigning cup holders and had also won the tournament in both 1872 and 1873. Oxford University had won the competition in 1874. Both teams entered the competition at the first round stage and were allocated home matches against Saffron Walden and Old Salopians respectively. Neither match took place, however, as in each case the away team withdrew from the competition, giving their opponents a bye into the next round. In the second round, Wanderers and Oxford both scored six goals, defeating Southall and 105th Regiment respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026141-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nIn the third round, Wanderers beat Pilgrims 3\u20130 and Oxford again progressed without playing when their scheduled opponents, the leading Scottish club Queen's Park, withdrew. Wanderers themselves progressed through the quarter-finals on a bye as an uneven number of teams remained in the competition. Oxford were held to a goalless draw by Upton Park, but emerged victorious after a replay two weeks later. In the semi-finals Oxford received a bye, progressing straight to the final, and Wanderers beat the other of the great universities, Cambridge University, 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026141-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nBoth teams chose to play with two full-backs, two half-backs and six forwards, in keeping with the attacking style of play generally employed at the time. Arthur Kinnaird played in goal for Wanderers, even though he had played as a forward in three earlier cup final appearances. At the time, the position of goalkeeper was not considered a specialised one, and players often alternated between playing in goal and playing in outfield positions. The game was played at Kennington Oval, home of Surrey County Cricket Club and took place in extremely bad weather, with rain and sleet hampering the players. Wanderers won the coin toss and chose to begin the match defending the Harleyford Road end of the stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026141-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nThe Wanderers players began the game in relative disarray, which the correspondent from The Sportsman reported was not an uncommon feature of their matches. After fifteen minutes Oxford were awarded a corner kick, which Evelyn Waddington kicked high towards the goal. Kinnaird caught the ball, but in doing so stepped behind the goal-line. The Oxford players immediately appealed for a goal to be awarded, and after a consultation the officials did so, giving the University team the lead. Some time later, Charles Wollaston was injured and swapped positions with Kinnaird.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026141-0005-0001", "contents": "1877 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nAt the time the concept of substitution had not been introduced to the sport, so injured players were obliged to remain in the game unless they were completely unable to play on, but it was common for an injured player to \"retire into goal\", where it was felt he would be less of a liability.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026141-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nAs Wanderers pressed for an equaliser, Francis Birley took an indirect free kick, which went into the Oxford goal, but no goal was awarded as the ball had gone straight in without touching another player. Four minutes from the end of the game, Hubert Heron made what The Field called a \"splendid run\" and passed the ball to Jarvis Kenrick, whose shot eluded Oxford goalkeeper Edward Alington to level the scores and send the game into extra time. Seven minutes into the extra period, William Lindsay's goalbound shot was headed away by an Oxford player but the ball rebounded to Lindsay who sent it past Alington to give Wanderers a lead which the cup holders kept until the end of the game and thus retained the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026141-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nSome time after the match, Kinnaird informed the council of the Football Association (FA), of which he was a member, that in his opinion he had not carried the ball over the line for Oxford's goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026141-0007-0001", "contents": "1877 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nDespite the fact that the referee had awarded the goal and multiple newspaper reports stated that the ball had clearly gone over the line, Kinnaird's fellow council members took his word for it, and struck the goal from the records, changing the official score to 2\u20130 (although if Oxford had not scored, there would have been no reason for the game to go to extra time, so by rights they should have annulled Wanderers' second goal as well). For the next century, all sources reported the score of the match as 2\u20130. In the 1980s, after fresh research into contemporary reports of the game by football historians, the FA reinstated the Oxford goal, and now regard the official final score of the 1877 final as 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026142-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 French legislative election\nThe 1877 general election to the Chamber of Deputies of the Third Republic was held on 14 and 28 October 1877, during the Seize Mai crisis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026142-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 French legislative election\nPresident Patrice de MacMahon dissolved the Chamber of Deputies elected in 1876, in the hope of a conservative and royalist victory. Although royalists lost seats, Bonapartists increased their seat total over 1876; the Republicans lost 80 seats, but retained a majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026142-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 French legislative election\nThis election proved a serious setback for those hoping for a restoration of the monarchy, such as MacMahon. In the Senate elections of January 1879, the monarchists also lost control of the Senate. MacMahon resigned, and the Republican Jules Gr\u00e9vy was elected president by the National Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026142-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 French legislative election\nAlong with the 1997 election, it is a rare case of an election in which the sitting President's party lost a general election which he had called.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026143-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 French legislative election in Algeria\nElections to the National Assembly of France were held in Algeria on 14 October 1877 as part of the wider National Assembly elections. All three seats had only one candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026144-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Geelong Football Club season\nThe 1877 season was the first in which Geelong participated in the newly established Victorian Football Association. Geelong did not have a captain this season nor did they have a best and fairest. No data is available as to who scored the most goals. Geelong did not play enough matches to place on the ladder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026144-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Geelong Football Club season, Season Summary\nGeelong mainly played matches against local teams this season with only three matches against senior clubs. Of those matches, Geelong won one match and lost two matches. Geelong played twice against Geelong Imperial winning one match and drawing the other. Geelong also played matches against Camperdown and Colac, and Victorian Railways, winning both of these matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026145-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 German federal election\nFederal elections were held in Germany on 10 January 1877. The National Liberal Party remained the largest party in the Reichstag, with 127 of the 397 seats. Voter turnout was 60.6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026146-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Grand National\nThe 1877 Grand National was the 39th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 23 March 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026147-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Great Fire of Saint John, New Brunswick\nThe Great Saint John Fire was an urban fire that devastated much of Saint John, New Brunswick in June 1877. It destroyed two-fifths of the city of Saint John.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026147-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Great Fire of Saint John, New Brunswick, Fire\nAt 2:30 on the afternoon of June 20, 1877, a spark fell into a bundle of hay in Henry Fairweather's storehouse in the York Point Slip area. Nine hours later the fire had destroyed over 80 hectares (200 acres) and 1,612 structures including eight churches, six banks, fourteen hotels, eleven schooners and four wood boats. The fire had killed approximately 19 people, and injured many more. No photographs exist of the fire. However, some survivors' accounts of the blaze tell that the fire came so close to the harbour that it looked like the water was on fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 50], "content_span": [51, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026147-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Great Fire of Saint John, New Brunswick, Aftermath and legacy\nSaint John's Trinity Royal Heritage Conservation Area was built out of the ashes of the fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026148-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Great Grimsby by-election\nThe Great Grimsby by-election of 1877 was fought on 1 August 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Chapman. It was won by the Liberal candidate Alfred Watkin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026149-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Halifax by-election\nThe Halifax by-election of 1877 was fought on 20 February 1877. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, John Crossley. It was won by the Liberal candidate John Dyson Hutchinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026150-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1877 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1877 college football season. They finished with a 3\u20131 record. The team captain was Livingston Cushing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026150-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Harvard Crimson football team\nOn November 3, 1877, Harvard suffered its only loss to Princeton in a game played at St George's Cricket Club in Hoboken, New Jersey. The game was played under the \"Amended Rugby\" rules under which three touchdowns counted as a goal. Princeton scored one goal and one touchdown, and Harvard was held to one touchdown. The game was attended by 400 to 500 students in addition to \"several hundred spectators, many of the number being of the fair sex, who came to the scene of battle in carriages.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026150-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Harvard Crimson football team\nTwo days later, on Monday, November 5, Harvard defeated Columbia in a two-inning match played on the same St. George's Cricket Club grounds. Harvard won the game with six goals and four touchdowns. Columbia did not score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026151-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Hawkesbury colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Hawkesbury on 7 April 1877 because William Piddington had been appointed Colonial Treasurer in the second Parkes ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and on this occasion, The Hawkesbury was the only district at which the re-election of a minister was opposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026152-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Honduran general election\nGeneral elections were held in Honduras on 22 and 25 April 1877. In the presidential elections on 22 April, the result was a victory for the Liberal candidate, interim President Marco Aurelio Soto, who received 81% of the vote. Congressional elections were held on 25 April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026153-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Huntingdonshire by-election\nThe Huntingdonshire by-election of 1877 was fought on 29 June 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Henry Carstairs Pelly. It was won by the Conservative candidate Viscount Mandeville.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026154-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1877 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 21 July 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026155-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Iowa Senate election\nIn the 1877 Iowa State Senate elections, Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the seventeenth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 24 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026155-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 40 seats to Democrats' 10 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026155-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 16 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026155-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1877 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 38 seats and Democrats having 12 seats (a net gain of 2 seats for Democrats).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026156-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1877 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on October 9, 1877. Republican nominee John H. Gear defeated Democratic nominee John P. Irish with 49.39% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026157-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Iquique earthquake\nThe 1877 Iquique earthquake occurred at 21:16 local time on 9 May (0:59 on 10 May UTC). It had a magnitude of 8.5 on the surface wave magnitude scale. Other estimates of its magnitude have been as high as 8.9 Mw and 9.0 Mt (based on the size of the tsunami). It had a maximum intensity of XI (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale and triggered a devastating tsunami. A total of 2,385 people died, mainly in Fiji.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026157-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Iquique earthquake, Historical context\nAffected areas in what was then part of Bolivia, but is now the Antofagasta region of Chile, had during this period been subject to the Atacama border dispute between the two countries. Under the 1874 boundary treaty between Bolivia and Chile, the border between the two nations as of 1877 followed the 24th parallel south. The terms of that treaty required that Bolivia not levy taxes on Chilean companies mining nitrates between the 23rd and 24th parallels (including the city of Antofagasta) for 25 years, except for agreed duties to be shared between the two countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026157-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Iquique earthquake, Historical context\nFollowing extensive damage in the 1877 earthquake and tsunami, the municipal authorities in Antofagasta voted for a tax of 10 centavos per quintal (approximately 46\u00a0kg or 101\u00a0lb) of nitrates exported to fund reconstruction of the town. The Chilean Antofagasta Nitrate & Railway Company, a major nitrate mining company in the region, refused to pay, backed by the Chilean government. This dispute resulted in the War of the Pacific, fought from 1879 to 1884, by which Chile gained control of territory as far north as Tacna, including Bolivia's entire coastline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026157-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Iquique earthquake, Tectonic setting\nCoastal regions of Peru and Chile lie above the convergent boundary, where the Nazca Plate is being subducted beneath the South American Plate along the line of the Peru\u2013Chile Trench. The rate of convergence across this boundary is measured at about 8\u00a0cm (3.1\u00a0in) per year. This boundary has been the site of many great megathrust earthquakes, in addition to events caused by faulting within both the subducting and over-riding plates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 41], "content_span": [42, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026157-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 Iquique earthquake, Damage\nThe earthquake shaking caused significant damage over most of the coastal parts of the Tarapac\u00e1 and Antofagasta Regions. The tsunami caused a 10\u00a0m (33\u00a0ft) wave along about 500\u00a0km (310\u00a0mi) of coast, from Arica in the north to Mejillones in the south. At Arica the water reached the cathedral. The hulk of the U.S. gunboat Wateree, which had been beached hundreds of metres inland by the final wave of the tsunami triggered by the 1868 Arica earthquake, was moved several kilometres to the north along the coast and nearer the shoreline. The tsunami caused 2,000 deaths in Fiji, and another 5 in Hilo, Hawaii.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026157-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 Iquique earthquake, Characteristics, Earthquake\nThe shaking lasted for five minutes at Caleta Pabell\u00f3n de Pica, a coastal town 70\u00a0km (43\u00a0mi) south of Iquique. The area of felt intensity of VIII on the Mercalli intensity scale or greater, extended from about 50\u00a0km (31\u00a0mi) south of Arica to just south of Cobija. This indicates a rupture length of about 420\u00a0km (260\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 52], "content_span": [53, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026157-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 Iquique earthquake, Characteristics, Tsunami\nThe tsunami affected the coasts of Peru and northern Chile and was observed across the Pacific Ocean, in Australia, New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Hawaii, Mexico, California and Japan. At Arica eight separate large waves were recorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026157-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 Iquique earthquake, Future earthquake hazard\nThe rupture area of the 1877 earthquake has been recognised as one of the major seismic gaps on the plate boundary, known as the \"Northern Chile Seismic Gap\". The Mw = 7.7 2007 Tocopilla earthquake occurred at the southern edge of the gap, but is not considered to have necessarily reduced the risk of a great megathrust earthquake within this area. In 2005, a recurrence period of 135 years was estimated for great earthquakes along this part of the plate boundary, suggesting that a similar earthquake to the 1877 event was likely in the early 21st century. The 2014 Iquique earthquake struck in the same seismic gap with a magnitude of Mw\u202f = 8.2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026158-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1877 Kentucky Derby was the 3rd running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 22, 1877. The 1877 Derby was the first to attract a major celebrity spectator, Polish actress Helena Modjeska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026158-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Kentucky Derby, Payout\nThe winner received a purse of $3,300. The second-place finisher received $200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026159-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Launceston by-election\nThe Launceston by-election of 1877 was fought on 3 March 1877. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, James Henry Deakin (junior). It was won by the Conservative candidate Sir Hardinge Stanley Giffard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026160-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Liberian general election\nPresidential elections were held in Liberia in 1877. The result was a victory for Anthony W. Gardiner of the True Whig Party. Gardiner took office on 7 January 1878. The election began the century-long political dominance of the True Whig Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026161-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Liechtenstein general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liechtenstein between March and October 1877. The election was called following the dissolution of the Landtag due to a currency crisis in the country. The Landstag election that took place on 30 April was suspended and did not resume until 18 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026161-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Liechtenstein general election, Background\nFrom 1873 to 1876, the Austro-Hungarian gulden, which was being used as legal tender in Liechtenstein since 1859, dropped in value by 10%. This created disadvantages in trade between Liechtenstein and Switzerland, especially for the Oberland region. However, the Unterland region did not see any visible losses as it mainly traded with the region of Vorarlberg in Austria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026161-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Liechtenstein general election, Background\nIn 1876, Liechtenstein gained monetary sovereignty in a renewed customs treaty with Austria. This was followed by Liechtenstein adopting the Swiss franc as legal tender on 23 December 1876 following demands in the country for a stable gold currency. The Unterland region opposed the adoption of the Swiss franc with region's four Landtag members resigning prior to the move.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026161-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Liechtenstein general election, Background\nIn response, the Unterland region threatened in January 1877 to secede from Liechtenstein to join Austria if the Landtag is not dissolved and if the adoption of the Swiss franc is not annulled. The remaining Landtag members resigned on 15 January, with Prince Johann II dissolving the Landtag and suspending the adoption of the Swiss franc on 18 January.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026161-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 Liechtenstein general election, Electors\nElectors were selected through elections that were held between 22 March and 14 April. Each municipality had two electors for every 100 inhabitants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026161-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 Liechtenstein general election, Results, April election\nThe electors met on 30 April in Vaduz to elect twelve Landtag members and five substitute members. Of the 160 electors, 154 participated in the voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026161-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 Liechtenstein general election, Results, April election\nIn the first ballot, eight out of twelve seats of the Landtag were already filled with all of the elected members being from the Oberland region. Electors from Unterland did not participate in the second ballot which resulted to the election being suspended due to a lack of quorum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026161-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 Liechtenstein general election, Results, October election\nThe election of the Landtag continued on 18 October after negotiations between the representatives of Oberland and Unterland. Of the 160 electors, 148 participated in the voting. The electors voted for the remaining six Landtag members and five substitute members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026161-0008-0000", "contents": "1877 Liechtenstein general election, Results, October election\nThe newly elected Landtag decided to dissolve with new elections scheduled in 1878 and to create the two electoral districts of Oberland and Unterland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026162-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Liverpool Town Council election\nElections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Thursday 1 November 1877. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026162-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Liverpool Town Council election, Aldermanic Election\nAt the meeting of the Council on 9 November 1877, the terms of office of eight alderman expired. The following eight were elected as Aldermen by the Council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 9 November 1892 for a term of six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 57], "content_span": [58, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026162-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 1, Everton, 2 March 1878\nThe death of Alderman Joseph Harrison was reported to the Council on 16 February 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 80], "content_span": [81, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026162-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 1, Everton, 2 March 1878\nHis place was taken by Councillor John Pearson (Conservative, Everton, elected 1 November 1875) was elected as an Alderman by the Council on 16 February 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 80], "content_span": [81, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026162-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 16, North Toxteth, 23 May 1878\nCaused by the death of Councillor William Leyland (Conservative, North Toxteth, elected 1 November 1876), which was reported to the Council on 5 June 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 86], "content_span": [87, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026162-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 8, Pitt Street, 23 May 1878\nCaused by the election of Charles Courtenay Deane (Conservative, Pitt Street, elected 23 April 1977) being declared void on 27 June 1877 under the Corrupt Practices (Municipal Elections) Act 1872 and reported to the Council on 4 July 1877..", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 83], "content_span": [84, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026163-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Louisville Grays scandal\nThe 1877 Louisville Grays scandal was an incident in which members of the Louisville Grays baseball team accepted money to lose games. Four players \u2013 Bill Craver, Jim Devlin, George Hall, and Al Nichols \u2013 were subsequently banned from professional baseball for life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026163-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Background\nIn the early days of professional baseball, crooked play was not uncommon, and many players were suspected of throwing games in exchange for money. Gambling had undermined the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NA) in the early 1870s, and William Hulbert formed the National League in 1876 with the intention of driving it out of the game. Nevertheless, there were still several gambling-related scandals during the 1876 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026163-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Background, Players involved\nJim Devlin started his Major League Baseball career in 1873 and was the Louisville Grays' pitcher in 1876 and 1877. In 1876, he had a win\u2013loss record of 30\u201335 and an earned run average of 1.56, while leading the league in complete games, innings pitched, and strikeouts. In 1877, he went 35\u201325 with a 2.25 ERA and again led the league in complete games and innings pitched. He started and completed each of the Grays' 61 games, an accomplishment no other MLB pitcher in history has matched.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026163-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Background, Players involved\nOutfielder George Hall was one of the best sluggers in the game's early history. After playing in the NA from 1871 to 1875, he joined the Philadelphia Athletics in 1876. That season, he led the league with five home runs and finished second in batting average, on-base percentage, slugging percentage, and total bases. In 1877, he played for the Grays and had a .323 batting average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026163-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Background, Players involved\nShortstop Bill Craver was a noted crooked player who had been expelled from a team in 1870 for throwing games. He played for the New York Mutuals in 1876 before joining the Grays the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026163-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Background, Players involved\nAl Nichols also played for the Mutuals in 1876. He joined the Grays in the middle of the 1877 season on the recommendation of Hall and appeared in six games for the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026163-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Scandal\nAfter the games of August 13, the Grays were in first place by 4 games over St. Louis and 4.5 over Boston, with a record of 27 wins and 13 losses, and with some 20 games left to play. They then commenced a nine-game winless streak (including one tie) and eventually lost the championship to Boston. They won six out of their last seven, making their season record of 35-25 look reasonably respectable, but those wins came after Boston had clinched the pennant, having won 20 of their final 21 games. Louisville finished second, 7 games behind Boston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026163-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Scandal\nClub president Charles E. Chase received telegrams informing him of suspicious gambling activity involving the team. He started an investigation, and Devlin and Hall confessed to throwing several exhibition games late in the season, with Devlin receiving up to $100 per game. On October 4, the entire team was gathered, and Chase demanded that they turn over their telegrams. Every player except Craver complied, and the telegrams showed that Devlin, Hall, and Nichols had thrown games. On October 30, Craver, Devlin, Hall, and Nichols were expelled from the club, and on December 4, the National League banned them from professional baseball for life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026163-0008-0000", "contents": "1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Aftermath\nThe Grays franchise folded after the 1877 season. Over the next few decades, there were fewer suspicions of game-fixing in professional baseball. The four banned players were never reinstated. Nichols played semi-professional baseball, Craver became a police officer, and Hall worked as an engraver and clerk. Devlin tried to be reinstated many times but was unsuccessful. In one instance, he got on his knees and begged Hulbert for another chance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026163-0008-0001", "contents": "1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Aftermath\nHulbert responded by handing him $50 (roughly equivalent to $1,200 in 2017 value) and saying, \"Devlin, that's what I think of you personally; but, damn you, you have sold a game; you are dishonest and this National League will not stand for it.\" Devlin joined the Philadelphia police department and died of tuberculosis in 1883. His 1.90 career ERA is the third-lowest of all-time among pitchers with at least 1,000 innings pitched.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026164-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Louisville Grays season\nThe 1877 Louisville Grays were the victim of Major League Baseball's first gambling scandal. Pitcher Jim Devlin, outfielder George Hall, utility player Al Nichols and shortstop Bill Craver were accused of throwing games at the end of the season. All four were banned from baseball for life. The team was unable to continue and folded after the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026164-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Louisville Grays season, Regular season\nAfter a spectacular start that included a 27-13 record to begin the season, The Grays mysteriously lost seven games in a row. Players bobbled the ball, seemed to slow between bases, swung suspiciously wide. The result was the Grays lost the pennant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026164-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Louisville Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026164-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Louisville Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026164-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 Louisville Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026165-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Lower Hunter colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Lower Hunter on 26 November 1877 because Archibald Jacob was appointed Secretary for Mines in the fourth Robertson ministry. Jacob had been unopposed at the election in October 1877, and ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026166-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1877 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 10, 1877. Incumbent Republican Governor Seldon Connor defeated Democratic nominee and former governor Joseph H. Williams and Greenback nominee Henry C. Munson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026167-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Marsden\n1877 Marsden, provisional designation 1971 FC, is a carbonaceous Hildian asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar\u2013Leiden Trojan survey in 1971, and named after British astronomer Brian Marsden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026167-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Marsden, Discovery\nMarsden was discovered on 24 March 1971, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Dutch\u2013American astronomer Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 23], "content_span": [24, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026167-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Marsden, Discovery\nThe discovery was made in a survey of faint Trojans (in spite of not having received a typical T-1 designation). The trio of Dutch and Dutch\u2013American astronomers collaborated on the productive Palomar\u2013Leiden survey in the 1960s, using the same procedure as for this smaller Trojan campaign: Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Cornelis and Ingrid van Houten at Leiden Observatory where blinking and astrometry was carried out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 23], "content_span": [24, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026167-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Marsden, Orbit and classification\nMarsden is a member of the Hilda family. It orbits the Sun in the outermost main-belt at a distance of 3.1\u20134.8\u00a0AU once every 7 years and 10 months (2,861 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 18\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 38], "content_span": [39, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026167-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 Marsden, Physical characteristics\nThis trojan asteroid has been characterized as a dark C-type and D-type asteroid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 38], "content_span": [39, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026167-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 Marsden, Physical characteristics, Rotation period\nDuring a photometric survey of Hilda asteroids in the late 1990s, an obtained light curve for Marsden gave a rotation period of 14.4 hours with a brightness variation of 0.22 in magnitude (U=2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 55], "content_span": [56, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026167-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 Marsden, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nAccording to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Marsden measures 35.27 and 35.643 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.082 and 0.07, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and derives a diameter of 34.01 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.07.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 59], "content_span": [60, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026167-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 Marsden, Naming\nThis minor planet was named in honor of British astronomer Brian Marsden (1937\u20132010), director of the Minor Planet Center (MPC) at the Harvard\u2013Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, in recognition of his numerous contributions in the field of orbit calculations for comets and minor planets. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1975 (M.P.C. 3826).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 20], "content_span": [21, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026168-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 6. Incumbent Republican Governor Alexander H. Rice was re-elected to a third term in office over former Governor William Gaston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026168-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Campaign\nSome opposition was rallied against Governor Rice by legislators and members of the so-called \"Hoosac Tunnel ring,\" over his opposition to restrictions on liquor. Opponents suggested former acting Governor Thomas Talbot, Speaker of the Massachusetts House John Davis Long, and former Speaker John E. Sanford. Nevertheless, Rice retained the support of Boston business interests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026168-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Campaign\nRice's nomination was seen as practically assured, but some effort was made by supporters of Long, Talbot, and Henry L. Pierce to have a formal count taken of the votes. Long's was seen as the strongest group if Rice should falter. Some opposition was also voiced to renominating Rice's ticket, particularly Lieutenant Governor Horatio G. Knight and Attorney General Charles R. Train.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026168-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Convention\nThe convention reassembled after dinner with Senate President John B. D. Cogswell presiding. The results of the informal ballot were announced as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026168-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Convention\nAlanson W. Beard moved to take a formal ballot to declare Rice the nominee, and the motion carried. Stillman B. Allen declared that it was Long's previously stated wish that, under such circumstances, his name be withdrawn. The entire ticket was then formally renominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 76], "content_span": [77, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026168-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democration nomination, Convention\nCharles Theodore Russell was named president of the convention, and he gave a speech denouncing the 1876 presidential election as the result of election fraud and Rutherford B. Hayes as the illegitimate occupant of the White House. Russell also denounced Reconstruction policy in the South, but commended the administration for undertaking civil service reform. He concluded by reaffirming the party's commitment to the principles of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson and discussing state affairs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 77], "content_span": [78, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026168-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democration nomination, Convention\nAfter a brief three-minute recess, Francis W. Bird rose to withdraw Charles F. Adams from consideration for a second consecutive nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 77], "content_span": [78, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026168-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democration nomination, Convention\nPatrick Collins of Boston nominated former Governor William Gaston as \"the only man... capable of leading the Democrats in the next election.\" Mr. Drew of Cambridge then rose to nominate Charles Perkins Thompson, a former U.S. Representative who had traveled to Florida to investigate allegations of Republican election fraud there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 77], "content_span": [78, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026168-0008-0000", "contents": "1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democration nomination, Convention\nJohn K. Tarbox then seconded the Gaston nomination. Reuben Noble seconded the Thompson nomination and delivered a speech arguing that Gaston, during his time as Governor, was unable to overcome the domination of Benjamin Butler. Boston Alderman John E. Fitzgerald gave his public endorsement to Thompson as a man without enemies in the party, unlike Gaston or Adams. Thomas Riley countered that Thompson was not a candidate of his own accord, but was being offered by enemies of Gaston to weaken him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 77], "content_span": [78, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026168-0009-0000", "contents": "1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democration nomination, Convention\nA motion was made to declare Gaston the unanimous nominee, but it failed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 77], "content_span": [78, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026169-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 98th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1877 during the governorship of Alexander H. Rice. John B. D. Cogswell served as president of the Senate and John Davis Long served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026170-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Men's Tennis tour\nThe inaugural 1877 Men's tennis tour  composed of 3 tournaments for the first edition pre-open era tour. Before the birth of Open Era (tennis), most tournaments were reserved for amateur athletes. In 1874 the British Major Walter Clopton Wingfield he patent the House of London Crafts the invention of a new game, which consists of a shaped field hourglass, divided in the middle by a net suspended. The game was packaged in a box containing some balls, four paddles, the network and the signs to mark the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026170-0000-0001", "contents": "1877 Men's Tennis tour\nThe game was based on the rules of the old real tennis and, at the suggestion of Arthur Balfour, was called lawn-tennis. The official date of birth of the court would be February 23, 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026170-0000-0002", "contents": "1877 Men's Tennis tour\nIn 1877 all were amateur tournaments, among them was the first 1877 Wimbledon Championship, the inaugural event was held from the 9 to 19 July and saw as the inaugural winner Spencer Gore, the tournament would remain for a period of 35 years the sole major tennis tournament in the world until the International Lawn Tennis Federation introduces its three World championship series events in 1913 that continue until 1923, however the later U.S. Lawn Tennis Association (f. 1881) only agrees to join the ILTF in 1923 on the basis of two compromises: the title 'World Championships' would be abolished and wording would be 'for ever in the English language'. Wimbledon would still retain its historical status and become one of the four Grand Slam tennis events from 1924", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026170-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Men's Tennis tour\nWhilst Wimbledon was the most prestigious event of this inaugural new sport season in Ireland two other tournaments were also staged one took place in Waterford and the other was University of Dublin Lawn Tennis Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026170-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 1: Challenge Round: the final round of a tournament, in which the winner of a single-elimination phase faces the previous year's champion, who plays only that one match. The challenge round was used in the early history of tennis (from 1877 through 1921), in some tournaments not all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026170-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 2:Tournaments in italics were events that were staged only once that season", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026171-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Mexican presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Mexico in 1877. They followed the overthrow of President Sebasti\u00e1n Lerdo de Tejada at the end of 1876 as part of the Plan of Tuxtepec. The result was a victory for Porfirio D\u00edaz, who received 96% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026172-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1877 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1877 to elect the governor of Minnesota. Incumbent John S. Pillsbury was reelected to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026173-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Mississippi gubernatorial election\nThe 1877 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1877, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Governor John Marshall Stone ran for election to a first full term. Stone had become governor a year prior, after the resignation of Adelbert Ames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026174-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Montgomery Boroughs by-election\nThe Montgomery Boroughs by-election of 1877 was fought on 15 May 1877. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Liberal MP, Hon. Charles Hanbury-Tracy. It was won by the Liberal candidate Hon. Frederick Hanbury-Tracy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026175-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Napier by-election\nThe 1877 Napier by-election was a by-election held in the Napier electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament, on 15 February 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026175-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Napier by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death of incumbent MP Donald McLean and was won by Fred Suttton. John Buchanan, Henry Stokes Tiffen, William Colenso, and William Barnard Rhodes were the unsuccessful candidates, with Sutton subsequently elected with a majority of 23 votes. Richmond Beetham (eldest son of William Beetham) acted as returning officer. Rhodes had retired from the election but was still regarded as an official candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026176-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 New Jersey gubernatorial election\nThe 1877 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1877. Democratic nominee George B. McClellan defeated Republican nominee William A. Newell with 51.65% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026177-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 New South Wales colonial election\nThe 1877 New South Wales colonial election was held between 24 October and 12 November 1877. This election was for all of the 73 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 53 single-member constituencies, six 2-member constituencies and two 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult male British subjects, resident in New South Wales. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 12 October 1877 by the Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson, on the advice of the Premier, Sir John Robertson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026177-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 New South Wales colonial election\nThere was no recognisable party structure at this election; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system. Although the leaders of the main groupings at this election were Robertson and Sir Henry Parkes, the subsequent government was formed by James Farnell as a compromise Premier. Farnell's government lasted a year and two days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026177-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 New South Wales colonial election, Results\nNew South Wales colonial election, 24 October \u2013 12 November 1877\u200aLegislative Assembly << 1874\u201375\u20131880 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026178-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 New York state election\nThe 1877 New York state election was held on November 6, 1877, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer and the State Engineer, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026178-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on September 26 and 27 at Rochester, New York. John C. Churchill for Secretary of State, Francis Sylvester for Comptroller, William L. Bostwick for Treasurer, Grenville Tremain for Attorney General, and Howard Soule, Jr., for State Engineer, were nominated unanimously without much debate. Sylvester declined to run, and on October 19, the State Committee substituted Clinton V. R. Ludington for Comptroller on the ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026178-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 New York state election, History\nThe Working Men's state convention met at Troy, New York, and nominated John J. Junio, of Auburn, for Secretary of State; George Blair for Comptroller; Warren T. Worden for Attorney General; Samuel G. Rice for Treasurer; and Walter T. Griswold for State Engineer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026178-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on October 3 and 4 at Albany, New York. Clarkson N. Potter was President. Allen C. Beach was nominated for Secretary of State on the first ballot (vote: Beach 227, John Bigelow [incumbent] 144, A. B. Weaver 12). The incumbent Comptroller Frederic P. Olcott was re-nominated by acclamation. James Mackin for Treasurer and Augustus Schoonmaker, Jr., for Attorney General, And Horatio Seymour, Jr., for State Engineer were nominated after some haggling and without much voting. Summing up, John Kelly had managed to wrest the power in the Democratic Party from the Tilden-Robinson faction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026178-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 New York state election, History\nThe Bread-Winners League's state convention met on October 10 at Albany, New York. Charles H. Truax was President. The convention nominated John J. Junio for Secretary of State, Frederic P. Olcott (Dem.) for Comptroller, Elmore Sharpe for Attorney General, Julius Kern for Treasurer and Horatio Seymour, Jr. (Dem. ), for State Engineer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026178-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 New York state election, History\nThe German-American Independent Citizens' Committee met on October 12 at Beethoven Hall in New York City. Oswald Ottendorfer presided. The Committee cross-endorsed the following state ticket: Churchill (Rep.) for Secretary of State, Olcott (Dem.) for Comptroller, Bostwick (Rep.) for Treasurer, Tremain (Rep.) for Attorney General and Seymour (Dem.) for State Engineer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026179-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 North Northamptonshire by-election\nThe North Northamptonshire by-election of 1877 was fought on 13 August 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, George Ward Hunt. It was won by the Conservative candidate Brownlow Cecil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026180-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Northumberland colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Northumberland on 12 February 1877 because Charles Stevens was insolvent. Stevens had left the colony on an expedition to recover valuable property, including 2,576 ounces of gold from the General Grant, which wrecked off Auckland Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026181-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1877 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 9, 1877. Democratic nominee Richard M. Bishop defeated Republican nominee William H. West with 48.94% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026182-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Oldham by-election\nThe Oldham by-election of 1877 was fought on 1 March 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Morgan Cobbett. It was won by the Liberal candidate J. T. Hibbert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026183-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Open Championship\nThe 1877 Open Championship was the 17th Open Championship, held 6 April at Musselburgh Links, Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland. Jamie Anderson won the Championship, by two strokes from runner-up Bob Pringle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026183-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Open Championship\nDavie Strath and Bob Ferguson played together but Strath had a disappointing 45 in the first round which left him well behind the leaders. Ferguson also started badly but recovered to score 40. William Brown led on 39 with Ferguson and Jamie Anderson on 40. After two rounds, three players were level on 80: Brown, Ferguson and William Cosgrove with Anderson and Bob Pringle only two behind. Strath was five behind on 85.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026183-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Open Championship\nAnderson scored 37 in the third round while Ferguson could only manage 40 and Davie Strath scored 38. Anderson now led on 119 with Ferguson on 120, Ferguson on 122 and Strath on 123. In the final round Strath took 9 at the second to drop out of contention. Ferguson also had a disappointing last round and Anderson's 41 was enough to give him the Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026184-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Philadelphia mayoral election\nThe Philadelphia mayoral election of 1877 saw the reelection of William S. Stokley to a third consecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026185-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1877 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1877 college football season. The team finished with a 2\u20130\u20131 record and was retroactively named national champion by the Billingsley Report and as co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. This season was Princeton's seventh national championship and one of 11 in a 13-year period between 1869 and 1881. Princeton played Harvard for the second time, earning its first victory over the Crimson. The captain of the team was W. Earl Dodge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026186-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1877 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 4, 1877. Republican nominee Charles C. Van Zandt defeated Democratic nominee Jerothmul B. Barnaby with 50.93% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026187-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1877 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1877 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20132 record and outscored their opponents, 6 to 5. The team had no coach, and its captain for the second consecutive year was Andrew Raymond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026188-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 SAFA season\nThe 1877 South Australian Football Association season was the inaugural season of the top-level league of Australian rules football in South Australia. The clubs participating were South Adelaide, Victorian, Adelaide, Port Adelaide, Woodville, South Park, Kensington and Bankers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026188-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 SAFA season\nSouth Adelaide and Victorian would share the premiership honours, while the Bankers Football Club, who finished last without a win, folded at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026188-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 SAFA season, South Australian Football Association\nThe newly formed South Australian Football Association decided that the playing fields for the season must be between 180 and 200 yards (165-183m) long and 120-150 yards (110-137m) wide, with pushing from behind being prohibited. For clubs to gain membership of the association, they would need to pay two guineas for the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 55], "content_span": [56, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026188-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 SAFA season, Premiership Season, SUMMARY OF OTHER MATCHES\nAdelaide, 4 goals, beat Kapunda, 2. Woodville, 1 goal, beat Gawler, 0. Adelaide, 1 goal, tied Gawler, 1. Adelaide, 3 goals, beat Kapunda, 2. Melbourne, 1 goal, beat Victorian, 0. Melbourne, 5 goals, beat Combined Team, 0. South Australians, 3 goals, beat Victorians, 1. St. Kilda, 5 goals, beat Adelaide, 2. St. Kilda. 7 goals, beat South Australians, 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 62], "content_span": [63, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026188-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 SAFA season, Ladder\nVictorian finished the season with eight more goals but a slightly inferior record than South Adelaide, but one should consider that Victorian played the Bankers twice whereas South Adelaide did not (their only scheduled match, in Round 6, was a forfeit when the Bankers could only muster 13 players). Further, while Adelaide finished with one more win than the other two clubs, they played 17 games to 13 and 14 respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026188-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 SAFA season, Ladder\nIt was declared South Adelaide and Victorian would be deemed joint Champion Club (premiers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026188-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 SAFA season, Ladder\nNote: Woodville were ranked above South Park on head-to-head record (2-1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026189-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Saint Barth\u00e9lemy status referendum\nA referendum on re-integration into France was held in the Swedish colony of Saint Barth\u00e9lemy in late October 1877. The island had been a colonial possession of Sweden for nearly a century, but following the referendum in which only one person voted against the proposal, it was returned to France the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026189-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Saint Barth\u00e9lemy status referendum, Background\nThe island had been part of the French West Indies until 1784, when it was transferred to Sweden in return for trade privileges in Gothenburg. However, the island proved expensive for Sweden to maintain. An agreement was made on 10 August 1877 on returning the island to French control, the first article of which included the requirement of a binding referendum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026189-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Saint Barth\u00e9lemy status referendum, Aftermath\nThe results were announced on 31 October 1877. Subsequently the French National Assembly approved the treaty on 22 January 1878. On 16 March 1878 the island became part of the jurisdiction of Guadeloupe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026190-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Salford by-election\nThe Salford by-election of 1877 was fought on 19 April 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Charles Edward Cawley. It was won by the Conservative candidate Oliver Ormerod Walker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026191-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1877 Scottish Cup Final was the fourth final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1876\u201377 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The original match took place at Hamilton Crescent on 17 March 1877 and was contested by Vale of Leven and Rangers. The match was the first final to require two replays to decide a winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026191-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Scottish Cup Final\nThe original match ended in a 1\u20131 draw. Robert Paton opened the scoring for Vale of Leven, but Rangers equalised courtesy of an own goal from John McDougall. In the replay three weeks later, McDougall evened the scores for Vale of Leven after William Dunlop had opened the scoring for Rangers to force a second replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026191-0001-0001", "contents": "1877 Scottish Cup Final\nIn what turned out to be the decider, an early own goal from Jimmy Watson and two late goals from John Campbell Baird and Paton were enough to seal a narrow 3\u20132 victory for Vale of Leven to win the tournament for the first time. This was the first time the cup had been won by a team other than Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026191-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nThis was the first final not to feature Queen's Park \u2013 who had won all three previous tournaments \u2013 after they were defeated by Vale of Leven in the quarter-finals. It was both Vale of Leven's and Rangers' d\u00e9but appearance in the Scottish Cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026191-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nVale of Leven's previous best run in the competition saw them reach the semi-finals in 1875\u201376 before losing to eventual winners Queen's Park. Rangers had never made it beyond the second round before reaching the 1877 final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026191-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nThe tie also marked the first competitive meetings of Rangers and Vale of Leven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026191-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final\nBoth clubs entered the competition in the first round. Rangers won all of their matches before the final at the first attempt. However, the club received two byes through the duration of the tournament, one in the third round and one in the semi-final. Vale of Leven played in all rounds and also won all of their ties without needing a replay, conceding only one goal in the process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026191-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Vale of Leven\nIn the competition's early years, the first few rounds were regionalised so Vale of Leven were drawn at home to fellow Dunbartonshire club Helensburgh in the first round. They began the competition with a tightly contested match at North Street Park, Alexandria on 30 September 1876 which they won 1\u20130. In the second round they faced local rivals Vale of Leven Rovers at the same venue, winning comfortably 7\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026191-0006-0001", "contents": "1877 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Vale of Leven\nThe third round saw another tightly contested match as Vale defeated 3rd Lanark RV 1\u20130 at North Street Park before they eliminated Busby with a 4\u20130 home win in the fourth round. That set up a historic quarter-final with three-time defending champions Queen's Park at Hampden Park. Vale of Leven became the first team to defeat Queen's Park in the competition's history, ending their stranglehold on the trophy in the process, after winning 2\u20131 on 30 December 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026191-0006-0002", "contents": "1877 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Vale of Leven\nThe aftermath of the victory was marred by tense exchanges between the two clubs \u2013 whose representatives had already fallen out over arranging a friendly a year earlier \u2013  regarding the alleged use of illegal spiked boots by the Vale of Leven players (local businessmen made attempts to resolve this in a positive manner with the creation of the Glasgow Merchants Charity Cup, but the Alexandria club refused to participate in its first year in a further dispute over gate receipt sharing). Two weeks later, Vale eased into the final, thumping Ayr Thistle 9\u20130 in the semi-final at the neutral Kinning Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026191-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Rangers\nRangers began the competition with a 4\u20131 win against Queen's Park Juniors at Kinning Park on 30 September 1876. In the second round, Dunlop, Watson, Marshall and Campbell all scored twice as they recorded an 8\u20130 home win against Towerhill. Rangers were then given a bye in the third round. They faced Ayrshire side Mauchline in the fourth round, winning 3\u20130 at Kinning Park thanks to goals from Watson, Marshall and Campbell. Dunbartonshire side Lennox were their opponents for the quarter-finals where goals from Dunlop, Marshall and Campbell were enough to see them through as 3\u20130 winners. With just three clubs reaching the semi-finals, Rangers were the lucky ones who received a bye to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 52], "content_span": [53, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026192-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Serbian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Serbia on 20 February 1877. The elections were called by Prince Milan on 13 February in order to convene a Grand National Assembly, which would have four times as many members as a normal National Assembly. The newly elected Assembly was to convene on 26 February in the National Theatre.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026192-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Serbian parliamentary election\nA majority of the elected candidates were in favour of peace with the Ottoman Empire. For the first time a Jewish candidate was elected, winning a seat in Belgrade by a large majority after receiving the backing of all parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026192-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Serbian parliamentary election\nThe elections were marred by violence in Kragujevac, Jagodina and U\u017eice, with pressure to elect candidates favourable to the incumbent government and interference from the Kara\u0111or\u0111evi\u0107 dynasty blamed. The election results in Kragujevac and Jagodina were later annulled due to the fighting. Government pressure resulted in the election of several Liberals in Belgrade despite the city being a Conservative stronghold, with over 600 voters in the city being prevented from voting by delays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026193-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Sewanee Tigers baseball team\nThe 1877 Sewanee Tigers baseball team represented the Sewanee Tigers baseball team of the University of the South in the 1877 college baseball season. The team beat Vanderbilt 19\u201312.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising\nThe 1877 Shamokin uprising occurred in Shamokin, Pennsylvania, in July 1877, as one of the several cities in the state where strikes occurred as part of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. The Great Strike  was the first in the United States in which workers across the country united in an action against major companies. In many cities, the railroad workers were joined by other industrial workers in general strikes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Background\nRailroad workers and miners had perilous jobs in the late 19th century. More than 200 railroad workers and 1000 miners died in accidents every year. The companies often forced both groups to buy goods from company stores at inflated prices and work from sunup to sundown. Companies made engineers pay for all train damages, regardless of fault. Children tore their hands picking rocks from coal in collieries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Background\nThe first recorded strike in the anthracite coal region of northeastern Pennsylvania occurred in 1842. More followed in 1849, 1869, and 1872. During the Civil War, the mine owners used cavalry platoons to arrest eight miners and evict them from company homes for striking in Locust Gap. At that time, the workers in Locust Gap formed the Miner's Benevolent Society, to provide accident insurance and demand better pay. It was one of the first unions in America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Background\nThe Workers' Benevolent Association, founded in St Clair in 1868, expanded to Northumberland County, including Locust Gap, on October 19, 1869. It built on the efforts of previous unions like the Miners Benevolent Society. It continued as one of the early ways that workers organized for mutual benefit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Background\nBy 1872 the Reading Railroad was the biggest mine company in the anthracite region. It used its monopoly on the railroads to take over 70,000 acres (280\u00a0km2) of the best coal lands. The company's president was Frank Gowen. Gowen Street in Shamokin and even Gowen City were named after him. Gowen established a private police force, called the \"Reading Coal and Iron Police.\" Between 1871 and 1875 Gowen borrowed $69 million to pay for his empire. But he and the other railroad barons had overestimated the demand for train service and over-invested. Debts forced them to fire many workers, resulting in a nationwide depression in the Panic of 1873.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Background\nIn 1874 a third of Pennsylvania's workforce was unemployed. The Reading Railroad cut train workers' wages by 10%, resulting in an unsuccessful strike. In 1875 only 1/5 of American workers had full-time jobs. Some people vented their frustration by damaging tracks, trains, and mines. On May 11, 1875, the trestle at Locust Gap Junction was exploded. It is believed to have been a protest by unemployed men. The telegraph office at Locust Summit was burned. From 1860 to 1909 arson destroyed 25 collieries between Mount Carmel and Trevorton. Knoebels Amusement Resort has a Mining Museum with a mural of the twice-burned Locust Gap colliery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Background\nThe July 1875 Officers of the Miners' and Laborers' Benevolent Association for Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, included: Pres. John N. Evans Mt. Carmel; VP Dennis Coming Locust Gap; Sec. Ben Ressler, Excelsior; Treas. John L. Shanahan, Mt. Carmel. In the Mt. Carmel District the following officers were elected: Pres. Lewis Dietrich; VP Pat Donnal; Sec. John L. Shanahan; Treas. Julius Maure; Trustees Patrick Donlan, Patrick Nowlan, and Thomas Perry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events\nWhen Gowen lowered mining wages to 54% of their 1869 level, miners began the \"Long Strike\" of 1875. It started in January 1875 and lasted 170 days. But Gowen stored enough coal to outlast the strike and crushed the miner's union by firing its members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0008-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events\nIn July 1875, Gowen presented \"A List of Outrages in the Schuylkill and Shamokin Regions\" to Pennsylvania's legislature, including:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0009-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events\nGowen accused leaders of the Irish community of running an alleged secret society called the \"Molly Maguires\" that killed mine officials. He used private police to investigate and company lawyers to prosecute. Catholics and Irish were excluded from local juries. Beginning in June 1877, 20 \"Molly Maguires\" were convicted and executed, often despite strong evidence of innocence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0010-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events\nThe Reading Railroad lowered miners' wages 10\u201315% twice between 1876 and 1877. Many workers were reduced to having only bread and water for their meals. Some families killed and ate pets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0011-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events\nGowen decreed that railroad workers had to leave their benevolent association and join the company's insurance plan, which covered them only when they were working. In response, the trainmen went on strike in April 1877. Gowen replaced them with scabs whose inexperience caused many accidents. Gowen refused to rehire the fired workers, and destroyed the Brotherhood of Railroad Engineers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0012-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events\nIn July 1877 the United States was deep in the depression. The previous year the total revenues of America's railroads fell by $5.8 million. But they raised profits to $186 million (up $0.9 million) by cutting wages. Most owners received 10% dividends. In July 1877 railroads across America conspired and lowered wages another 10%. Train brakemen and firemen's wages came to $30 per month.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0013-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, Strike begins\nWhen they found out about the wage cuts on July 16, trainmen in Baltimore left work, sparking the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. Before the strikes ended, more than 80,000 trainmen and 500,000 other industrial workers from Boston to Kansas City also went out on strike, although there were not yet official unions. The workers joined in their grievances and the knowledge that the railroads affected everyone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 57], "content_span": [58, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0013-0001", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, Strike begins\nIn Pittsburgh on July 21 a National Guard unit from Philadelphia, ordered in by the Pennsylvania governor, fatally shot 20 unarmed strikers and bystanders, including women and three children, and wounded 29 more in an effort to suppress a growing protest against the Pennsylvania Railroad. The crowds retaliated by burning the railroad's buildings, more than 120 train engines, and 1200 freight cars; the south side of the city was burning for 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) in the railroad flats along the Monongahela River. The next day troops shot more protesters, raising the total of Pittsburgh's dead to over 40.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 57], "content_span": [58, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0013-0002", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, Strike begins\nIn Pittsburgh and Saint Louis, Missouri, the railroad workers were strong enough to take over management, run trains, and collect tickets. In Hornellsville, New York, when scabs started a train up a mountain, strikers soaped the tracks. The train went up, slowed, stopped; the passenger cars were unhooked and slid back down the mountain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 57], "content_span": [58, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0014-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, Strike begins\nIn Reading on July 22, with the Reading Railroad 2 months in arrears of paying wages, crowds of women and children watched as strikers blocked the tracks. The governor again ordered National Guard units to the city. When people threw bricks at the troops, the soldiers opened fire in all directions, killing 10 and wounding 40, including 5 local police.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 57], "content_span": [58, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0015-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, Strike begins\nThat evening in Sunbury, rumors circulated that a unit of the National Guard would pass through on the way to crush Pittsburgh's strike. An agitated crowd gathered at the railroad junction at 3rd and Chestnut streets. The soldiers took another route. When a freight train tried to leave, the railroad workers took it over and sent it back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 57], "content_span": [58, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0016-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, Strike begins\nOn July 23 the trainmen met at Red Men's Hall. They decided to join the national strike and continue blocking freight trains until the railroads lifted the 10% reduction. The next morning they ordered the shop mechanics to leave work too.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 57], "content_span": [58, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0017-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, Strike begins\nIn Danville on the morning of July 23, the workers appointed a group to ask the Commissioner of the Poor for bread or work. The commissioner left it to the mayor to decide. At 3 PM a large crowd gathered at the weigh scales on Mill Street in the middle of Danville. One speaker said, \"We will give the borough authorities until tomorrow at 10:00 to devise some action to give us work or bread. If at that time nothing is done for us, we will take [expletive] wherever we can find it.\" John Styer discussed their poverty and demanded government aid. The town newspaper reported unless the borough council banished starvation, \"disorder would ensue. Men would take the law into their own hands.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 57], "content_span": [58, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0018-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, Strike begins\nThe next day there was almost a bread riot. Citizens were on the verge of starvation. Grocers brought their flour inside for safety, and farmers left markets with half their goods sold. At noon crowds led by Ben Bennet and former constable Frank Treas took a few old muskets from an abandoned storehouse. They rushed for weapons known to be stored in the third story of the Danville National Bank on Mill and Northumberland streets. Police met them. One policeman tried to arrest Treas, for using incendiary language. But he could not get to Treas in the dense crowd. A sign on Bloom Street proposed a meeting of workingmen in Sechler's Woods on July 26. Following these events, the authorities gave food to those in need.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 57], "content_span": [58, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0019-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, July 24, beginning of incident\nIn Shamokin on the morning of July 24, miners struck at the Big Mountain Colliery. Ten families in a row of houses had no food for 3 weeks, except a few scraps from their gardens. At 2 PM a large meeting of workers on Slope Hill demanded work or food.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 74], "content_span": [75, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0020-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, July 24, beginning of incident\nThe next day they repeated their demands at Union Hall on Rock Street. William Oram, the attorney for both the borough and the Mineral Railroad & Mining Company, told the crowd that the borough and wealthy citizens would give them street work for 80 cents a day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 74], "content_span": [75, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0021-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, July 24, beginning of incident\nThe crowd appointed a Workingmen's Committee to negotiate with the borough council that night for a higher rate. The committee demanded $1.00 a day, and the borough agreed. But when the committee returned to Union Hall, the crowd rejected the $1.00 offer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 74], "content_span": [75, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0022-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, July 24, beginning of incident\nOne thousand men and young people marched down Rock Street and Shamokin Street. When someone threw a stone through Shuman & Co.'s Store, the crowd surged forward into the Reading Railroad station and depot on Shamokin and Independence streets. (Now the site of a parking lot.) They broke the glass in windows and doors, took the freight from the cars and everything in the building, and gutted it. Next they crossed Liberty Street toward the Northern Central Depot on Commerce Street.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 74], "content_span": [75, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0023-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, July 24, beginning of incident\nMeanwhile, Mayor William Douty gathered a citizen posse or militia outside City Hall in response to a prearranged signal - a bell ringing at his Presbyterian church. Douty managed his family's coal mines and collieries at Big Mountain, Doutyville, and Shamokin. He also persecuted the Molly Maguires. Douty's militia marched down Lincoln and Liberty streets armed with muskets and revolvers. They told the crowd to leave, and when that failed, shot into it. They wounded 12 people and killed two, neither of whom were involved in the uprising.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 74], "content_span": [75, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0023-0001", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, July 24, beginning of incident\nMr. Weist was shot dead while closing his candy store on Liberty and Independence streets; Levi Shoop was the second fatality. The crowd escaped to the town's outskirts. The mayor's militia took back control of the train stations and patrolled the town. According to rumors, after retreating, the workers tore up the tracks a few miles east of town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 74], "content_span": [75, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0024-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, July 24, beginning of incident\nIn November, Phillip Wiest, wounded in the militia shooting, was tried for leading the riot. Despite having received serious injuries, he was imprisoned for 8 months in the Northumberland County jail. In addition, James Richards, Peter Campbell, Christian Neely, and James Ebright were convicted and imprisoned for 7, 6, 4, and 3 months, respectively, on charges of rioting and burglary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 74], "content_span": [75, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0025-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, July 24, beginning of incident\nIn Shenandoah on July 25, 800-1000 workers paraded down the streets with flags and a drum corps. When they got to the baseball field at 10 PM, they could see that arsonists had set fire to the mining stables in nearby Lost Creek. On July 27, Shenandoah's miners brought business of all kinds to a standstill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 74], "content_span": [75, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026194-0026-0000", "contents": "1877 Shamokin uprising, Overview of events, July 24, beginning of incident\nElsewhere railroads and local and state authorities crushed the strike using coal and iron police, militia, and state units of the National Guard. Across the United States, these \"forces of order\" killed more than 100 people. It was not a complete defeat for the strikers, however. The strike showed the conflict of interests between working people and management. If corporations pushed people too far, they would react out of desperation. And the strike showed that if workers acted together, they could challenge the corporate system. By organizing into unions, workers could mobilize their strength.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 74], "content_span": [75, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026195-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Sligo County by-election\nThe Sligo County by-election of 1877 was fought on 12 January 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Robert Gore-Booth. It was won by the Conservative candidate Edward Robert King-Harman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026196-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis Brown Stockings season\nThe 1877 St. Louis Brown Stockings finished the season in fourth place in the National League. After the season, they signed Louisville Grays stars Jim Devlin and George Hall. However, both became involved in a game-fixing scandal that led to the permanent expulsion of the two players (and others) from the league. The Grays and Brown Stockings both folded in the aftermath of the scandal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026196-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 82], "content_span": [83, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026196-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 75], "content_span": [76, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026196-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 80], "content_span": [81, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026196-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 78], "content_span": [79, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike\nThe 1877 St. Louis general strike was one of the first general strikes in the United States. It grew out of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. The strike was largely organized by the Knights of Labor and the Marxist-leaning Workingmen's Party, the main radical political party of the era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, The Long Depression and the Great Strikes\nThe Long Depression, sparked in the United States by the Panic of 1873, had extensive implications for US industry, closing more than a hundred railroads in the first year and cutting construction of new rail lines from 7,500 miles (12,100\u00a0km) of track in 1872 to 1,600 miles (2,600\u00a0km) in 1875. Approximately 18,000 businesses failed between 1873 and 1875, production in iron and steel dropped as much as 45 percent, and a million or more lost their jobs. In 1876, 76 railroad companies went bankrupt or entered receivership in the US alone, and the economic impacts rippled throughout many economic sectors throughout the industrialized world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, The Long Depression and the Great Strikes\nIn mid-1877, tensions erupted in stoppages and civil unrest across the nation in what would become known as the Great Railroad Strike or the Great Strikes. Violence began in Martinsburg, West Virginia and spread along the rail lines through Baltimore and on to several major cities and transportation hubs of the time, including Reading, Scranton and Shamokin, Pennsylvania; a bloodless general strike in St. Louis, Missouri; and a short lived uprising in Chicago, Illinois. In the worst case, rioting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania left 61 dead and 124 injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0002-0001", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, The Long Depression and the Great Strikes\nMuch of the city's center was burned, including more than a thousand rail cars destroyed. What began as the peaceful actions of organized labor attracted the masses of discontented and unemployed workers spawned by the depression, along with others who took opportunistic advantage of the chaos. In total, an estimated 100,000 workers participated nationwide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 22\u201324, 1877\nIn East St. Louis, Illinois, on July 22, train workers held a secret meeting, resolved to call for an increase in wages, and strike if their demands were not met. Following this initial meeting, a subsequent outdoor meeting was held, with about 200 members of the Workingmen's Party in attendance. The enthusiastic crowd supported various speakers who expressed their sympathy and solidarity with the workers. A third meeting was held that night, in Turner's hall, limited to railroad workers. After several more speeches, they further clarified the demands by adopting a series of resolutions:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 22\u201324, 1877\nWhereas, The United States government has allied itself on the side of capital and against labor; therefore,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 22\u201324, 1877\nResolved, That we, the workingmen's party of the United States, heartily sympathize with the employes of all the railroads in the country who are attempting to secure just and equitable reward for their labor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 22\u201324, 1877\nResolved, That we will stand by them in this most righteous struggle of labor against robbery and oppression, through good and evil report, to the end of the struggle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 22\u201324, 1877\nThe demand was made and rejected that same night, and so effective at midnight, the strike began in East St. Louis, and within hours strikers virtually controlled the city. The following morning strikers announced they would allow passenger and mail trains passage through the city, but intended to stop all freight traffic. The workers were initially described as \"quiet and orderly\", and the rail companies initially made no effort to challenge the embargo on freight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0007-0001", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 22\u201324, 1877\nWhen the Chicago & Alton attempted to start one of their freight trains on the morning of the July 23, it was stopped by the strikers and returned to the rail yard. At the Union Railway & Transit Company yards, one stock train was allowed to cross the bridge, while employees of the Transit company struck in East St. Louis, and did not in St. Louis. Even after removing the wage reduction, workers at the Transit company continued to strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0007-0002", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 22\u201324, 1877\nThroughout the day, many other major railroads did not see strikes, and strikes were far less prevalent outside of East S. Louis. Feed was allowed to be brought to livestock, and passenger trains continued to be allowed through. The strike was compared by city officials to the Paris Commune of 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0008-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 22\u201324, 1877\nOn the morning of July 24, the strikers resolved to stop the movement of passenger trains in addition to freight. An eastbound train with 125 passengers was stopped, and after about an hour of argument, the decision was made to let it through. The next train that entered did not fair equally as well, and was decoupled from its passenger cars. At 11:00 AM, a group of 25 strikers led by an Ohio and Mississippi Railway engineer entered the Union depot, the first time strikers moved outside of East St. Louis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0008-0001", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 22\u201324, 1877\nThey seized two Missouri Pacific Railroad steam engines, and went to the Missouri Pacific engine shops. The 250 workers at the engine shops continued work and could not be persuaded to leave. The strikers then returned to the Union depot and stopped a train from leaving, allowing it to pass two hours later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0009-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 22\u201324, 1877\nA total of 3,000 to 4,000 people gathered at the depot, and unrest swelled, particularly following the announcement that six companies of infantry were on route to St. Louis. The police cleared and ordered the salons closed in the region around the depot. At 4:00 PM, flatcars loaded with 400 strikers arrived. They marched to the Missouri Pacific Shops, arriving with about 2,000 people. The machinists announced that while they were not going to strike, they would stop working in solidarity with the strikers. The men then traveled to the North Missouri Railroad track and, taking an engine and ten flat cars, went to the North Missouri's roundhouse and persuaded the workers to join the strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0010-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 22\u201324, 1877\nAs a result of the strike, various federal receivers and then Secretary of the Interior Carl Schurz urged Secretary of War George W. McCrary to intervene. Schurz wrote that \"no United States Marshal, unless backed by Federal troops, can restore order or protect men willing to work...the presence of Federal troops will form a rallying point and do much to restore order.\" John Pope was directed to protect railroads and promote peace. At 6:00 PM six companies (consisting of about 350 soldiers), led by Colonel Jefferson C. Davis arrived from Fort Leavenworth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0010-0001", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 22\u201324, 1877\nDavis stated that \"I have been ordered here with general instructions to protect the property of the United States, and shall participate in no movement looking to anything else without I have specific orders from army headquarters,\" and marched his soldiers to an arsenal barracks. Six additional companies were directed to St. Louis from the 16th and 19th Infantry regiments to leave posts in Kansas, Colorado, and the Oklahoma Territory. Three arrived later on July 24, and the rest on July 25, for a total of 42 officers and 410 soldiers. As the soldiers were only directed to protect federal property, the strikers were largely unaffected by the arrival of troops, and gathered at the Union depot, where they would spend the night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0011-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 22\u201324, 1877\nThe people of St. Louis were apprehensive about the strike, and many expected some sort of bloodshed. On the night of July 24, Communist leaders held meetings across the city. Threats of burning newspaper buildings were made, and processions of people marched through the streets. The city government was reluctant to act, as they had less than 1,000 arms, and feared they could not effectively deal with the strike. Their 360-man police force, while many were retained in readiness for some sort of outbreak, \"remained strangely inert during the upheaval.\" After urging by Davis, efforts soon began, led by municipal authorities and various prominent citizens, to raise a 5,000 man force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0012-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 25\u201330, 1877\nThe following morning, action began around 9:00 am as a crowd of 1,500 people gathered in a marketplace. Largely composed of striking wire and other material manufacturers, at 10:00, they marched from the St. Louis City Hall to Turner Hall (where the executive committee of the Workingmen's Party was meeting). Thirty minutes later, approximately 500 strikers marched to the levee, in an effort to get roustabouts to join the strike. Strikers expected all manufacturing to halt by the end of the day. By 10:00 pm, however, the men of the Laclede Gas Company had reached an agreement with their employers, and returned to work.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0013-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 25\u201330, 1877\nOn the morning of July 26, there was a mass meeting of coopers. They did not resolve and return to work. 2,500 people gathered again at the Union depot, though little occurred. During the morning, one train (of the Toledo, Wabash and Western Railroad) was allowed to pass over the bridge. Though Chicago & Alton employees sent trains, they were eventually stopped. Due to fear of retribution, the Mississippi Pacific offices were closed though the workers were not striking. A delegation of strikers was sent to Cheltenham, where they ordered smelters and clay workers to go on strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0013-0001", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 25\u201330, 1877\nThe workers offered to continue work if provided police protection, but the police refused the request. During the strike, the city was virtually unpoliced, and a request to protect private property made by the employers of the Union Street Railway was also refused. Beef canners soon joined the strike. The Mayor of St. Louis, Henry Overstolz, issued a proclamation warning strikers to not destroy public property. He also announced the formation of a Committee of Safety led by General Andrew J. Smith, Thomas T. Gantt and General John S. Marmaduke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0014-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 25\u201330, 1877\nSmith also led a 'Citizens Organization for the Protection of Property', headquartered at the Four Courts building. After various meetings throughout the day, the organization had membership numbering around 1,500 armed men. 50 men were placed on the city's steamer to patrol the rivers. By noon of July 26, 10,000 citizens had joined the organization. At 10:00 am, 2,000 men (composed of strikers and loafers) had marched from Lucas market place to a manufacturing district, where they dismantled Belcher's Sugar Refinery to prevent its 400 workers from returning to work. The mob continued (despite many people leaving) to dismantle a further 40 factories, flour mills or planing mills, and forcing an additional 1,000 employees to stop working.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0015-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 25\u201330, 1877\nThe rioters visited a disused chair factory under the presumption it was active. A squad of police appeared and ordered the strikers out of the factory. Several minutes after leaving, the factory was discovered to be on fire, in what was thought to be a case of arson. The factory and a nearby lumber yard were completely destroyed. The mob was quickly dispersed. Another group traveled to the levees, and forced all steamers to increase the wages of steamboat and levee workers from sixty to one-hundred percent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0015-0001", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 25\u201330, 1877\nThroughout the day, most shops in the city were closed, and a further group of 2,000 armed men were raised by the sheriff. The Governor of Missouri, John S. Phelps, arrived, and began helping to suppress disorder. Drilling of the citizens was carried out at the Four Courts building throughout the day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0016-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 25\u201330, 1877\nAt around 10:30, a large crowd appeared at the Four Courts building, and began harassing guards patrolling the buildings perimeter. A detachment of police drove the men back and arrested many of the mob. The rioters were made calmer by the information that Davis had increased his troops to 600 men, and stood ready to respond to a call for help from the governor or mayor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0017-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 25\u201330, 1877\nOn the morning of the 27, city authorities began an attempt to stop the mobs. The Union depot was still held by strikers, and at 11:00 am, a battalion of 400 men was dispatched to retake the depot. They caught the strikers by surprise, and ended interference with trains. A mob soon began to gather, and by 2:00 pm, over 2,000 men had gathered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0017-0001", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 25\u201330, 1877\nAfter ignoring calls issued by the mayor urging the group to disperse, 50 mounted police, 500 members of the Citizens Guard and two National Guard companies were sent to break up the mob and arrest its leaders. At 2:30, the force left Four Courts, led by John D. Stevenson and accompanied by Overstolz. At 3:00, the 'executive committee' leading the strike was warned about the force, and fled. The police charged the crowd (by then 3,000 people), and in five minutes the mob was successfully broken up. Seventy men were arrested from the top floor of Schuler Hall. Protection was also offered to various shops that desired to begin operating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0018-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 25\u201330, 1877\nOn the night of the 27th, the Workingmen's party planned three meetings, two of which did not occur; the third was broken up by the police before it started. By July 28, 3,000 vigilantes had been raised. The force, coupled with periodic displays of army soldiers, helped to subdue the strikers. The following days passed with little disturbance and many of the leaders of the strike were arrested. By Monday the 30, the strike was over in St. Louis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026197-0019-0000", "contents": "1877 St. Louis general strike, July 25\u201330, 1877\nMany of the strikers had regrouped in East St. Louis after being broken up on the 27. They resolved to further prevent any trains from passing; however, a United States Marshal requested and received a force of troops to protect the Ohio and Mississippi Railway and St. Louis & Southeastern Railway. The strikers were demoralized, and with the ending of the Chicago railroad strike of 1877, Illinois Governor Shelby Moore Cullom directed seven companies of Illinois National Guard troops to St. Louis. By August 1, the strike had ended in East St. Louis. Fears of another strike, and occasional calls for such an action, reverberated throughout the country for the rest of the summer of 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026198-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 State of the Union Address\nThe 1877 State of the Union Address was written by the 19th president, Rutherford B. Hayes. It was given on Monday, December 3, to both houses of the 45th United States Congress. In it, he said, \"There has been a general reestablishment of order and of the orderly administration of justice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026198-0000-0001", "contents": "1877 State of the Union Address\nInstances of remaining lawlessness have become of rare occurrence; political turmoil and turbulence have disappeared; useful industries have been resumed; public credit in the Southern States has been greatly strengthened, and the encouraging benefits of a revival of commerce between the sections of the country lately embroiled in civil war are fully enjoyed.\" He gave this address right after troops were withdrawn from the South. The Reconstruction Era ended in March 1877, and the Southern United States were freed from Republican control.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026199-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Stevens football team\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Jweiss11 (talk | contribs) at 01:18, 10 September 2020 (cleanup infobox). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026199-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Stevens football team\nThe 1877 Stevens football team was an American football team that represented Stevens Institute of Technology in the 1877 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026200-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Swiss referendum\nA three-part referendum was held in Switzerland on 21 October 1877. A federal law on working in factories was approved by voters, whilst a federal law on compensation for not serving in the military and a federal law on the political rights of settled and travelling people and the loss of rights for Swiss citizens were both rejected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026200-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Swiss referendum, Background\nThe referendum was classed as an optional referendum, which meant that only a majority of the public vote was required for the proposals to be approve, as opposed to the mandatory referendums that required both a majority of voters and cantons to approve the proposals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026201-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Tipperary by-election\nThe Tipperary by-election of 1877 was fought on 15 May 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, William Frederick Ormond O'Callaghan. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Edmund Dwyer Gray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026202-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Totara by-election\nThe 1877 Totara by-election was a by-election held on 30 April 1877 in the Totara electorate on the West Coast of New Zealand during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026202-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Totara by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent MP George Henry Tribe on 19 March 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026202-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Totara by-election\nThe by-election was won by William Gisborne. The polling place at Saltwater Creek recorded only a single vote (for Gisborne). The partial result below has a majority of 57 for Gisborne, although a late return from Hunt's Beach at Jackson's Bay resulted in his majority being 83 or 84.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026203-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Tufts Jumbos football team\nThe 1877 Tufts Jumbos football team represented Tufts University in the 1877 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026204-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 U.S. Patent Office fire\nThe Patent Office fire of 1877 was the second of two major fires of the U.S. Patent Office. It occurred in the 1864 Patent Office Building of Washington, D.C., on September 24, 1877. The building was constructed to be fireproof, but many of its contents were not. About 80,000 models and 600,000 copy drawings were burned to some degree. No patents were completely lost, however (unlike the situation with the first Patent Office fire), and the Patent Office was soon reopened for recordings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026204-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 U.S. Patent Office fire, History\nOn July 4, 1836, the Patent Office became its own organization within the Department of State under the Patent Act of 1836. Henry Leavitt Ellsworth became its first commissioner. He started construction of a new fire-proof building, after the previous building had burned down in a disastrous fire. Architect Robert Mills was given instructions by Congress to design the building using fireproof construction material. Mills used masonry vaulted ceilings that spanned the interior spaces for an open floor plan, cement plastered walls, and cantilevered stone staircases from floor level to floor level. Construction of the building was finished in 1864.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026204-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 U.S. Patent Office fire, History\nThe Patent Office fire started at about 11\u00a0am on September 24, 1877. It was reported in the newspaper that the fire started in the room that held the patent models. There was a considerable amount of flammable material in that area. Spontaneous combustion of patented chemicals has been given as one of the theories for the start of the fire. Another theory was that a lens might have caught the sun's rays and focused them on a combustible object.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026204-0002-0001", "contents": "1877 U.S. Patent Office fire, History\nOthers claim that it was an unseasonably cold morning, and that a fire started by some copyists in their office grate emitted sparks that fell onto the roof and caught a wooden gutter screen on fire. The roof was constructed of wood, which led to a rapid ignition and a fast-moving disastrous building fire. The fire burned part of the upper portions of the north wing and the west wing, consuming half the building.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026204-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 U.S. Patent Office fire, History\nThe Evening Star reported that the spectacle of the building going up in flames became extraordinarily shocking to the spectators as it turned into a calamity. Despite the fire-proof construction efforts the fire consumed the building and devoured some 87,000 patent models with their associated documents. Some of the important artifacts were saved, however, due to the extraordinary efforts of the Patent Office staff and some valiant firemen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026204-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 U.S. Patent Office fire, Models destroyed\nThis second Patent Office fire was even more destructive than the first fire in 1836 at Blodget's Hotel. According to the person in charge of the models, about 87,000 models were burned to one degree or another and some 600,000 photo-lithographic drawings were damaged by fire and or ruined by water. Although the building may have been considered fire-proof, the contents were not. An early part of the conflagration was a storage room used for rejected and postponed models.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026204-0004-0001", "contents": "1877 U.S. Patent Office fire, Models destroyed\nThere were 37,000 postponed application models and 12,000 rejected cases, making the total damage tally around 136,000 patent models (of one type or another). The monumental building cost almost $3,000,000 in nineteenth-century dollars. A source reported the loss due to the fire as over a half a million dollars in value.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026204-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 U.S. Patent Office fire, Models destroyed\nThe Patent Office could loan out the rejected models to museums and other organizations; however, due to future potential patent infringement they were against such transfers to preserve the integrity of the inventor's idea. These models included metal-working machines, wood-working machines, agricultural implements, carriages, wagons, railroading, mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic engineering. An example of the original Eli Whitney cotton gin was among the representative models destroyed. In the south and west wings of the Patent Office there were some 100,000 models that were not damaged. Reports of the time show about two-fifths of all the models were damaged either by fire or water. An estimated 200,000 drawings were hastily carried out of the building before they were damaged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026204-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 U.S. Patent Office fire, Models destroyed\nIn spite of these great monetary losses (many times those of the first Patent Office fire of 1836), there were no patents totally destroyed in the fire. There were duplicates of the drawings (a lesson learned from the first Patent Office fire in 1836) and it was just a matter of printing them again. Despite the loss of the upper floors and some accumulated trash, the Patent Office was soon reopened.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nThe 1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held in January 1877. Incumbent Republican Senator George S. Boutwell, who had won a special election for the remainder of Henry Wilson's term, was defeated by reformist U.S. Representative George Frisbie Hoar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nAt the time, Massachusetts elected United States Senators by a resolution of the Massachusetts General Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, State legislature\nAt the time, the Massachusetts legislature was dominated the Republican Party. The Senate was composed of 30 Republicans and 10 Democrats, and the House had 178 Republicans and 62 Democrats. However, if a split within the Republican Party emerged, Democrats could hold the balance and decide the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 82], "content_span": [83, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, 1876 presidential election\nThe election took place against the backdrop of the contested 1876 presidential election. Several potential or actual candidates were involved in the Compromise of 1877 and the ongoing controversy may have affected the result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 91], "content_span": [92, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Candidates, Declared\nGeorge Boutwell, the former Governor and incumbent interim Senator, was backed by Benjamin F. Butler and the patronage wing of the Republican Party. He was challenged by U.S. Representative George Frisbie Hoar, a reformist who had supported Benjamin Bristow at the 1876 Republican National Convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Candidates, Potential\nThe following candidates were mentioned as potential candidates or received votes, but did not openly declare their willingness or desire to be elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 74], "content_span": [75, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Candidates, Potential\nOther candidates mentioned included Governor Alexander H. Rice, who had the backing of prohibitionists on the basis that his election would elevate prohibitionist Republican Horatio G. Knight to the Governor's office, Judge Charles Devens, and U.S. Representative Julius Hawley Seelye. Rice was also rumored to have the support of Butler in the event Boutwell became non-viable, as this would clear the nomination for 1877, and Butler greatly coveted the office of Governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 74], "content_span": [75, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Candidates, Potential\nDemocrats, under the direction of Frank Bird, were expected to cast a ceremonial vote for Josiah Abbott or William Gaston before throwing their support to a competitive candidate, possibly former Republican Governor Alexander Bullock, who was aligned with Bird. Democrats were expected to oppose Hoar as an alternative to Boutwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 74], "content_span": [75, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0008-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, January 16\nOn January 16, the General Court convened and began to cast votes in each house, separately.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0009-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, January 16\nThe first day of balloting was seen as a victory for Hoar, as Boutwell's support was much lower than his supporters claimed. Democrats voted in a caucus to continue to support Abbott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0010-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, January 16\nAfter the first day, it was conceded the Boutwell could not be elected, and the question became whether Republicans would rally to Hoar or try to find a third candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0011-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, January 17\nOn the second day of balloting, the two houses of the General Court met in joint convention, rather than separately.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0012-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, January 17\nAfter the first ballot, Senator Brimball and Ginnodo changed their votes from Boutwell to Hoar. Abbott gained a voted after Representative Glynn voted, having missed the first ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0013-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, January 18\nOn the third day of balloting, Senator James G. Blaine was in attendance. Secretary of the Treasury Justin Morrill sent a letter endorsing Boutwell and imploring his re-election, but it did not appear to have any effect on the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0014-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, January 19\nDuring the ballot, many Boutwell men changed their votes to Hoar after realizing he would win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0015-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Aftermath\nHoar would remain in the Senate until his death in 1905.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026205-0016-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Aftermath\nBoutwell was appointed by President Rutherford B. Hayes to codify the Revised Statutes of the United States and later served as United States counsel before the French and American Claims Commission. He later left the Republican Party over imperialism, which both he and Hoar opposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026206-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1877 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania was held on March 20, 1877. J. Donald Cameron was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026206-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania, Background\nRepublican Simon Cameron was elected to the United States Senate by the Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, in 1867 and was re-elected in 1873. Sen. Cameron resigned on March 12, 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026206-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania, Results\nFollowing the resignation of Sen. Simon Cameron, the Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on March 20, 1877, to elect a new Senator to fill the vacancy. Former United States Secretary of War J. Donald Cameron, Simon Cameron's son, was elected to complete his father's term, set to expire on March 4, 1879. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 67], "content_span": [68, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026207-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 VFA season\nThe 1877 Victorian Football Association season was the first in which the Australian rules football competition in Victoria was run under a properly constituted administrative body. The Association was formed with the view to governing the sport via a collective body, made up of delegates representing the clubs. It was the second such body to have been formed; the South Australian National Football League having been formed just 17 days prior to the VFA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026207-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 VFA season\nAustralian rules football had been played since the 1850s, but had been administered in a less formal manner than after the establishment of the VFA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026207-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 VFA season\nThe inaugural VFA premiership was won by the Carlton Football Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026207-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 VFA season, Foundation of the Victorian Football Association\nThe Victorian Football Association was established on 17 May 1877 to provide administration of the game in Victoria. Prior to 1877, the laws of the game had been agreed to at an annual meeting of club secretaries, however the clubs remained entirely independent and unaffiliated. This meant that when a dispute existed between two clubs, there was no formal means of resolving it or enforcing a decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 65], "content_span": [66, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026207-0003-0001", "contents": "1877 VFA season, Foundation of the Victorian Football Association\nDisputes in the 1870s were common and were often left unresolved for this reason: for example, in 1876, a rule existed to prevent any player from playing with more than one club during the season, but when Carlton broke the rule against Albert-park, there was no means of recourse against it, and the result of a disputed match between Carlton and Melbourne was unresolved, with each club ultimately reporting a different score in its annual report and no central body existing to declare one score as official. Also, the matter of whether or not Albert-park won the Challenge Cup in 1870 was never formally resolved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 65], "content_span": [66, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026207-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 VFA season, Foundation of the Victorian Football Association\nThe new Association was established, and was modelled in large part on the Victorian Cricket Association, which had been established in September 1875 to provide a similar level of centralised administration over Victorian cricket. The Victorian Football Association comprised one delegate from each senior metropolitan club (and from senior country clubs by proxy) and a vote of those club delegates could make a decision which was binding on any associated club. Junior clubs were also managed by the Association, but did not have representation on the board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 65], "content_span": [66, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026207-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 VFA season, Foundation of the Victorian Football Association\nThe Association comprised a range of senior and junior clubs from Melbourne and around the colony of Victoria. There were five inaugural metropolitan senior clubs: Albert-park, Carlton, Hotham, Melbourne and St Kilda. Hotham was a revival of the former North Melbourne Football Club, which had disbanded and seen many of its players and members join Albert-park in 1876; the new club was mostly made up of players from the former North Melbourne Football Club as well as some from the Carlton Imperial Football Club, which had folded at the end of 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 65], "content_span": [66, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026207-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 VFA season, Foundation of the Victorian Football Association\nProvincial senior teams included Barwon, Geelong, Ballarat, Ballarat Albion, Kyneton and Sandhurst. There was also a wide range of affiliated junior clubs, including Essendon, West Melbourne, Brunswick, Warwick, Toorak, Hotham United, South Melbourne, Williamstown, Excelsior, Victorian Railways, Clifton, Northcote, Coburg and Sandridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 65], "content_span": [66, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026207-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 VFA season, Foundation of the Victorian Football Association\nThe formation of the Association was an important step in the organization of football, but it was effectively an administrative change only. Compared with the unaffiliated 1876 season, there was no significant change to the manner in which matches were scheduled and played or the premiership decided.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 65], "content_span": [66, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026207-0008-0000", "contents": "1877 VFA season, 1877 VFA premiership\nThe 1877 premiership was won by the Carlton Football Club, which played twenty-one matches during the year, winning fourteen and drawing four. Melbourne finished second, having played twenty-three matches, winning sixteen and drawing four. At the time, Melbourne and Carlton were considered to be by far the strongest senior clubs, so Carlton's position as the top club was based almost entirely on head-to-head matches between the two clubs \u2013 of which Carlton won two, Melbourne won one, and one was drawn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026207-0009-0000", "contents": "1877 VFA season, 1877 VFA premiership\nIn provincial competition, Barwon was the strongest team; Geelong was second. In the junior competition, West Melbourne was the strongest; it went undefeated against junior clubs, and its sole loss came against senior club Melbourne; Essendon was second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026207-0010-0000", "contents": "1877 VFA season, 1877 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe below table is set of results for the 1877 season, showing the records of the five senior metropolitan clubs. The list shows the record across all matches, including senior, junior and intercolonial matches. The clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Australasian newspaper. The VFA had no formal process by which the clubs were ranked, so the below order should be considered indicative only, particularly since the fixturing of matches was not standardised; however, the top three placings were later acknowledged in publications including the Football Record and are considered official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026208-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1877 Virginia gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1877 to elect the governor of Virginia. The Republicans failed to nominate a candidate in this election, and as a result Democratic nominee and former Confederate congressman Frederick Holliday faced no opposition. This is the only gubernatorial election in Virginia history in which a candidate has run unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026209-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Wairarapa by-election\nThe 1877 Wairarapa by-election was a by-election held  on 3 July in the Wairarapa electorate in the Wairarapa during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026209-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Wairarapa by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, John Andrew, who was retiring from politics. The electorate was represented by two members; the other member being Henry Bunny.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026209-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Wairarapa by-election\nAlthough Charles Pharazyn (a local landowner and son of Charles Johnson Pharazyn) had also been nominated he had withdrawn, and George Beetham was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026210-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Waterford County by-election\nA by-election was held  on 20 January 1877 for the UK House of Commons constituency of Waterford County to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Home Rule League MP Sir John Esmonde, one of the two members returned in the 1874 general election. The by-election was won by the Home Rule candidate, James Delahunty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026210-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Waterford County by-election\nA Home Rule meeting in Dungarvan on 2 January 1877 endorsed the candidacy of James Esmonde, Kilkenny landlord and brother of the deceased MP, ahead of those of Delahunty,  Denis Joseph Rearden and G. C. P. Fitzgerald. When the meeting had asked candidates to stand down if not endorsed by it, Delahunty had declined to give such an undertaking. The Kilkenny Farmers' Association had placed an advertisement in The Freeman's Journal and The Waterford News warning voters that Esmonde was \"the true type of a bad Irish landlord\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026210-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Waterford County by-election\nOn 14 January, Delahunty and Esmonde were formally nominated, as was Liberal candidate Frederick Lehmann; Esmonde withdrew before polling day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026211-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 West Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of West Sydney on 15 July 1877 because Sir John Robertson was appointed Colonial Secretary, forming the fourth Robertson ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested however on this occasion a poll was required in Central Cumberland (John Lackey and William Long), East Sydney (John Davies), Orange (Edward Combes) and West Sydney. Each minister was comfortably re-elected. Only Camden (Thomas Garrett) and Goldfields South (Ezekiel Baker) were uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026212-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Westminster by-election\nThe Westminster by-election of 1877 was fought on 11 August 1877. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, William Henry Smith, becoming first Lord of the Admiralty. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026213-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Williams colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Williams on 12 February 1877 because of the resignation of William Watson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026214-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Wilton by-election\nThe Wilton by-election of 1877 was fought on 19 February 1877. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Sir Edmund Antrobus. It was won by the Conservative candidate Hon. Sidney Herbert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship\nThe 1877 Wimbledon Championship was a men's tennis tournament held at the All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club (AEC & LTC) in Wimbledon, London. It was the world's first official lawn tennis tournament, and was later recognised as the first Grand Slam tournament or \"Major\". The AEC & LTC had been founded in July 1868, as the All England Croquet Club; lawn tennis was introduced in February 1875 to compensate for the waning interest in croquet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0000-0001", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship\nIn June 1877 the club decided to organise a tennis tournament to pay for the repair of its pony roller, needed to maintain the lawns. A set of rules was drawn up for the tournament, derived from the first standardised rules of tennis issued by the Marylebone Cricket Club in May 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship\nThe Gentlemen's Singles competition, the only event of the championship, was contested on grass courts by 22 players who each paid one guinea to participate. The tournament started on 9 July 1877, and the final \u2013 delayed for three days by rain \u2013 was played on 19 July in front of a crowd of about 200 people who each paid an entry fee of one shilling. The winner received 12 guineas in prize money and a silver challenge cup, valued at 25 guineas, donated by the sports magazine The Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0001-0001", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship\nSpencer Gore, a 27-year-old rackets player from Wandsworth, became the first Wimbledon champion by defeating William Marshall, a 28-year-old real tennis player, in three straight sets in a final that lasted 48 minutes. The tournament made a profit of \u00a310 and the pony roller remained in use. An analysis made after the tournament led to some modifications of the rules regarding the court dimensions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Background, Origins of lawn tennis\nThe origin of tennis lies in the monastic cloisters in 12th-century France, where the ball was struck with the palm of the hand in a game called jeu de paume. Rackets were introduced to the game in the early 16th century. This original version of tennis, now called \"real tennis\", was mostly played indoors and popular among the royalty and gentry, while a crude outdoor version called longue paume was played by the populace. The prominence of the game declined in the 17th and 18th centuries, although there are sporadic mentions of a \"long tennis\" or \"field tennis\" version in the second half of the 18th century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Background, Origins of lawn tennis\nBetween 1858 and 1873 several people in Victorian England experimented with a lawn version of tennis. Major Harry Gem and Augurio Perera demonstrated their game of Pelota (Spanish for ball) and in 1872 created the world's first lawn tennis club at Leamington Spa. In February 1874 Major Clopton Wingfield introduced his version of lawn tennis, called Sphairistik\u00e8; on his patent application, he described it as a \"New and Improved Court for Playing the Ancient Game of Tennis\", and its rules were published in an eight-page booklet. Wingfield is widely credited with popularising the new game through his energetic promotional efforts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0003-0001", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Background, Origins of lawn tennis\nThe Sphairistik\u00e8 court was hourglass-shaped, wider at the baseline than at the net. The service was made from a single side in a lozenge shaped box situated in the middle of the court and it had to bounce beyond the service line. In November 1874 Wingfield published a second, expanded edition of The Book of the Game, which had 12 rules and featured a larger court and a slightly lower net.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Background, All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club\nThe All England Croquet Club was founded on 23 July 1868 by six gentlemen at the offices of The Field, a weekly country and sports magazine. After a yearlong search a suitable ground of four acres of meadowland was located between the London and South Western Railway and Worple Road in Wimbledon, then an outer suburb of London. The club's committee decided on 24 September 1869 to lease the ground and paid \u00a350 rental for the first year, a fee which increased to \u00a375 and \u00a3100, respectively, over the following two years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 81], "content_span": [82, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0004-0001", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Background, All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club\nThe increasing rent, coupled with a waning interest in the sedate sport of croquet, was causing the club financial difficulties. In February 1875 it decided to introduce lawn tennis at its grounds to capitalise on the growing interest in this new sport and generate additional revenue. The proposal was made by Henry Jones, a sports writer who published extensively in The Field under his nom de plume \"Cavendish\" and who had joined the club in 1869.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 81], "content_span": [82, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0004-0002", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Background, All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club\nThe introduction of lawn tennis was approved at the annual meeting and the club's membership fee was set at two guineas to cover both sports. At a cost of \u00a325, one croquet lawn was converted to a tennis court; soon after its completion on 25 February 1875, a dozen new club members joined. In 1876 four more lawns, a third of the ground, were handed over to lawn tennis to address the increase in new members. A committee member, George Nicol, was appointed to deal exclusively with lawn tennis affairs. Lawn tennis had become so popular that on 14 April 1877 the name of the club was formally changed, at the suggestion of founding member John H. Hale, to the All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club (AEC&LTC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 81], "content_span": [82, 794]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Background, Rules of lawn tennis\nOn 3 March 1875 the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), in its capacity as the governing body for rackets and real tennis, convened a meeting at Lord's Cricket Ground to test the various versions of lawn tennis with the aim to fully standardise the game's rules. Wingfield was present to demonstrate Sphairistik\u00e8, as was John H. Hale, who presented his version called Germains Lawn Tennis; there is no record of either Gem or Perera being present to showcase Pelota. After the meeting, the MCC Tennis Committee was tasked with framing the rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0005-0001", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Background, Rules of lawn tennis\nOn 29 May 1875 the MCC issued the Laws of Lawn Tennis, the first unified rules for lawn tennis, which were adopted by the club on 24 June. These were significantly based on the rules introduced by Wingfield in February 1874 and published in his rule-booklet titled Sphairistik\u00e8 or Lawn Tennis. The MCC adopted Wingfield's hourglass-shaped court as well as the rackets method of scoring, in which the player who first scores 15 points wins the game and only the server (\"hand-in\") was able to score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0005-0002", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Background, Rules of lawn tennis\nThe height of the net was set at 5\u00a0ft (1.52\u00a0m) at the posts and 4\u00a0ft (1.22\u00a0m) in the centre. Various aspects of these rules, including the characteristic court shape and the method of scoring, were the subject of prolonged debate in the press. The MCC rules were not universally adhered to following its publication and, among others, the Prince's Club in London stuck to playing on rectangular courts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament\nOn 2 June 1877, at the suggestion of the All England Club secretary and founding member John H. Walsh, the club committee decided to organise a lawn tennis championship for amateurs, a Gentlemen's Singles event, which they hoped would generate enough funds to repair the broken pony roller that was needed for the maintenance of the lawns. This championship became the world's first official lawn tennis tournament, and the first edition of what would later be called a Grand Slam tournament (or \"Major\").", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0006-0001", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament\nThe committee agreed to hold the tournament on the condition that it would not endanger the club's limited funds; to ensure this, Henry Jones persuaded 20 members and friends of the club to guarantee a part of the tournament's financial requirement and made himself responsible for the remaining amount. Jones investigated all potential tournament locations in and around London but came to the conclusion that no other ground was more suitable than the Wimbledon premises at Worple Road. As a consequence, the remaining croquet lawns were converted to tennis courts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Announcement\nThe first public announcement of the tournament was published on 9 June 1877 in The Field magazine under the header Lawn Tennis Championship:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0008-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Announcement\nThe All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club, Wimbledon, propose to hold a lawn tennis meeting, open to all amateurs, on Monday, July 9th and following days. Entrance fee, \u00a31 1s 0d. Names and addresses of competitors to be forwarded to the Hon. Sec . A.E.C. and L.T.C. before Saturday, July 7, or on that day before 2.15 p.m. at the club ground, Wimbledon. Two prizes will be given \u2013 one gold champion prize to the winner, one silver to the second player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0008-0001", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Announcement\nThe value of the prizes will depend on the number of entries, and will be declared before the draw; but in no case will they be less than the amount of the entrance money, and if there are ten and less than sixteen entries, they will be made up to \u00a310 10s and \u00a35 5s respectively.\u2013 Henry Jones \u2013 Hon Sec of the Lawn Tennis sub-committee", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0009-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Announcement\nPlayers were instructed to provide their own racquets and wear shoes without heels. The announcement also stated that a programme would be available shortly with further details, including the rules to be adopted for the meeting. Invitations were sent to prospective participants. Potential visitors were informed that those arriving by horse and carriage should use the entrance at Worple Road while those who planned to come by foot were advised to use the railway path.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0009-0001", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Announcement\nUpon payment of the entrance fee, the participants were allowed to practise before the Championship on the twelve available courts with the provision that on Saturdays and during the croquet championship week, held the week before the tennis tournament, the croquet players had the first choice of courts. Practice balls, similar to the ones used for the tournament, were available from the club's gardener at a price of 12s per dozen balls. John H. Walsh, in his capacity as editor of The Field, persuaded his employer to donate a cup worth 25 guineas for the winner; the Field Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0009-0002", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Announcement\nThe cup was made of sterling silver and had the inscription: The All England Lawn Challenge Cup \u2013 Presented by the Proprietors of The Field \u2013 For competition by Amateurs \u2013 Wimbledon July 1877. On 6 July 1877, three days prior to the start of the tournament, a notice was published in The Times:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0010-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Announcement\nNext week at the All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club Ground a Lawn Tennis Championship Meeting will be held. The ground is situated close to the Wimbledon Station on the South Western Railway, and is sufficiently large for the erection of thirty \"courts\". On each day the competition will begin at 3.30, the first ties, of course, beginning on Monday. The Hon. Sec . of the meeting is Mr. J.H. Walsh, while Mr. H. Jones will officiate as referee. The entries are numerous.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0011-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Rules\nThe committee of the club was not satisfied with certain aspects of the 1875 MCC unified rules. To address these perceived shortcomings, a sub-committee consisting of Charles Gilbert Heathcote, Julian Marshall and Henry Jones was set up on 2 June 1877, to establish the rules applicable for the upcoming tournament. They reported back on 7 June with a new set of rules, derived but significantly different from those published by the MCC; in order not to offend the MCC, these rules were declared \"provisional\" and valid only for the championship:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0012-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Rules\nThese rules, drawn up by the club for this initial tournament, were eventually adopted for the entire sport and, with only slight modifications, have retained their validity. All matches during the tournament were played as best-of-five sets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0013-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Play\nIn accordance with the All England Regulations for the Management of Prize Meetings, the draw for the 22 entrants was made on Saturday, 7 July 1877, at 3:30\u00a0p.m. in the club's pavilion. H.T. Gillson had the distinction of being the first player in the history of modern tennis to be drawn for a tournament. The posts, nets and hand-stitched, flannel-covered India-rubber balls for the tournament were supplied by Jefferies & Co from Woolwich, while the rackets used were an adaptation of those used in real tennis, with a small and slightly lopsided head. The ball-boys kept the tennis balls, 180 of which were used during the tournament, in canvas wells. The umpires who were provided for the matches sat on chairs which in turn were placed on small tables of 18 inches height to give them a better view of the court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 864]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0014-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Play\nThe tournament began on Monday, 9 July 1877, at 3:30\u00a0p.m. and daily programmes were available for sixpence. On the first day, in sunny weather, ten matches were played, which completed the first round. Full match scores were published on the notice board inside the pavilion. F.N. Langham, a Cambridge tennis blue, was given a walkover in the first round when C.F. Buller, an Etonian and well-known rackets player, did not appear. Julian Marshall became the first player to win a five-set match when he fought back from being two sets down against Captain Grimston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0014-0001", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Play\nSpencer Gore, a 27-year-old rackets player from Wandsworth and at the time a land agent and surveyor by profession, won his first round match against Henry Thomas Gillson in straight sets. The five second-round matches were played on Tuesday, 10 July, again in fine weather. Charles Gilbert Heathcote had a bye in the second round. J. Lambert became the first player in Wimbledon Championships' history to retire a match, conceding to L.R. Erskine after losing the first two sets. Julian Marshall again won a five-set match, this time against F.W. Oliver, while Gore defeated Montague Hankey in four sets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0015-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Play\nThe quarter-finals were played on Wednesday, 11 July, before a larger number of spectators than had attended the previous matches. Start of play was delayed from the scheduled 3:30\u00a0p.m. due to strong winds. Gore defeated Langham in four sets, William Marshall beat Erskine, also in four sets, and Julian Marshall, who injured his knee during the match after a fall, lost to Heathcote in straight sets. The quarter-final matches left three players, instead of four, in the draw for the semi-finals scheduled for Thursday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0015-0001", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Play\nTo solve the situation lots were drawn and Marshall, a 28-year-old architect and Cambridge real tennis blue, was given a bye to the final. His opponent would be Gore, who defeated Heathcote in straight sets in the only semi-final played. When the semi-final stage had concluded on Thursday, 12 July, play was suspended until next Monday, 16 July, to avoid a clash with the popular annual Eton v Harrow cricket match that was played at Lord's on Friday and Saturday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0016-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Play\nThe final was postponed from its scheduled start on Monday at 4\u00a0p.m. until Thursday, 19 July, at 3:30\u00a0p.m. because of rain. On Thursday it was still showery, causing the final to be further delayed by an hour. It began on a dead and slippery court in front of about 200 spectators. There was a temporary three-plank stand on one side of the court offering seating to about thirty people. Marshall won the toss, elected to serve first and was immediately broken by Gore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0016-0001", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Play\nAfter the first set was won by Gore, it started to rain for a quarter of an hour; this further softened the ground and affected the quality of play. The final lasted 48 minutes, and Spencer Gore won the inaugural championship against William Marshall in three straight sets of 15, 13, and 20 minutes respectively. En route to the title Gore had won 15 sets and lost two and won 99 games for the loss of 46. Gore, the volley specialist, had beaten the baseline player, at a time when volleying was considered by some to be unsporting. Some tried to outlaw the volley and a discussion on its merits took place in The Field for weeks after the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0017-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Tournament, Play\nThe final was followed by a play-off match for 2nd place between Marshall and Heathcote. The players could not fix another date for the match and decided to play it straight away. By agreement, the match was limited to best-of-three sets. Marshall, playing his second match of the day, defeated Heathcote in straight sets, in front of a diminished crowd, and won the silver prize of seven guineas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0018-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Aftermath\nOn 20 July 1877, the day following the final, a report was published in The Morning Post newspaper:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0019-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Aftermath\nLawn Tennis Championship \u2013 A fair number of spectators assembled yesterday, notwithstanding the rain, on the beautifully kept ground of the All England Club, Wimbledon, to witness the final contest between Messrs. Spencer Gore and W. Marshall for the championship. The play on both sides was of the highest order and its exhibition afforded a great treat to lovers of the game. All three sets were won buy Mr. Gore, who, therefore, becomes lawn tennis champion for 1877, and wins the \u00a312 12s. gold prize and holds the silver challenge cup, value \u00a325 5s. The second and third prizes were then played for by Messrs. W. Marshall and G.C. Heathcote (best of three sets by agreement). Mr. Marshall won two sets to love, and therefore takes the silver prize (value \u00a312 12s.). Mr. Heathcote takes the third prize, value \u00a33 3s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 858]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0020-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Aftermath\nA report in The Field stated: \"The result was a more easy victory for Mr Spencer Gore than had been expected.\". Third-placed Heathcote said that Gore was the best player of the year and had a varied service with a lot of twist on it. Gore, according to Heathcote, was a player with an aptitude for many games and had a long reach and a strong and flexible wrist. His volleying style was novel at the time, a forceful shot instead of merely a pat back over the net.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0020-0001", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Aftermath\nAll the opponents who were defeated by Gore on his way to the title were real tennis players. His victory was therefore regarded as a win of the rackets style of play over the real tennis style, and of the offensive style of the volley player \u2013 who comes to the net to force the point, over the baseline player \u2013 who plays groundstrokes from the back of the court, intent on keeping the ball in play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0020-0002", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Aftermath\nHis volleying game was also successful because the height of the net at the post \u2013 5\u00a0ft (1.52 m) in contrast to the modern height of 3\u00a0ft 6 in (1.07 m) \u2013 made it difficult for his opponents to pass him by driving the ball down the line. Gore indicated that the real tennis players had the tendency to play shots from corner to corner over the middle of the net and did so at such a height that made volleying easy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0021-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Aftermath\nDespite his historic championship title, Gore was not enthusiastic about the new sport of lawn tennis. In 1890, thirteen years after winning his championship title, he wrote: \"...\u00a0it is want of variety that will prevent lawn tennis in its present form from taking rank among our great games\u00a0...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0021-0001", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Aftermath\nThat anyone who has really played well at cricket, tennis, or even rackets, will ever seriously give his attention to lawn tennis, beyond showing himself to be a promising player, is extremely doubtful; for in all probability the monotony of the game as compared with others would choke him off before he had time to excel in it.\" He did return for the 1878 Championship to defend his title in the Challenge Round but lost in straight sets to Frank Hadow, a coffee planter from Ceylon, who effectively used the lob to counter Gore's net play. It was Gore's last appearance at the Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0022-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Aftermath, Analysis and rules changes\nThe tournament generated a profit of \u00a310 and the pony roller stayed in use. When the tournament was finished, Henry Jones gathered all the score cards to analyse the results and found that, of the 601 games played during the tournament, 376 were won by the server (\"striker-in\") and 225 by the receiver (\"striker-out\"). At a time when the service was either made underarm or, usually, at shoulder height, this was seen as a serving dominance and resulted in a modification of the rules for the 1878 Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0022-0001", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Aftermath, Analysis and rules changes\nTo decrease the target area for the server, the length of the service court was reduced from 26 to 22\u00a0ft (7.92 to 6.71\u00a0m) and to make passing shots easier against volleyers the height of the net was reduced to 4\u00a0ft 9 in (1.45\u00a0m) at the posts and 3 feet (0.91\u00a0m) at the centre. These rules were published jointly by the AEC & LTC and the MCC, giving the AEC & LTC an official rule-making authority and in effect retroactively sanctioning its 1877 rules. It marked the moment when the AEC & LTC effectively usurped the rule-making initiative from the MCC although the latter would still ratify rule changes until 1882. In recognition of the importance and popularity of lawn tennis, the club was renamed in 1882 to All England Lawn Tennis Club (AELTC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026215-0023-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship, Aftermath, Commemorative plaque\nOn 18 June 2012 a commemorative plaque was unveiled at the former home of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, in Worple Road, Wimbledon celebrating both the first Wimbledon Championships and the 1908 Olympic tennis event. The ceremony was performed by Heather Hanbury, Headmistress of Wimbledon High School; Philip Brook, Chairman of the All England Club, and Cr David T Williams JP, Mayor of Merton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026216-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Wimbledon Championship \u2013 Singles\nSpencer Gore defeated William Marshall, 6\u20131, 6\u20132, 6\u20134 in the final to win the inaugural Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1877 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026217-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1877 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1877. Under internal party pressure, incumbent Republican Governor Harrison Ludington, who had barely won the 1875 election, was pressured to not seek a second term. Former State Assembly Speaker William E. Smith, a longtime figure in Wisconsin politics, was selected as the Republican nominee, and Milwaukee County Municipal Judge Thomas A. Mallory won a protracted battle for the nomination at the Democratic convention. Smith and Mallory were joined in the general election by Greenback nominee Edward Phelps Allis. Ultimately, though the Republican vote share shrunk relative to 1875, the Democratic vote share shrunk more, and Smith won a larger victory than Ludington did, though only with a 44% plurality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 816]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026217-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Democratic convention\nAt the Democratic convention, several candidates entered the contest as apparent frontrunners: former State Senator Nicholas D. Fratt, Lieutenant Governor Charles D. Parker, State Senator Romanzo E. Davis, and State Prison Commissioner H. N. Smith. At the convention, a number of candidates were nominated, though some immediately made it clear that they would decline any nomination:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 60], "content_span": [61, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026217-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Democratic convention\nThe contest took five ballots to decide. On the first ballot, Fratt took an early lead, with Parker and Davis immediately behind him. After the first ballot, Smith withdrew. On the second ballot, Davis rocketed to first place, with Fratt's and Parker's support starting to decline. Mallory slowly began climbing on the second ballot. On the third ballot, Davis continued to climb, Fratt fell, and Mallory rose to third place over Parker. At this point, the Milwaukee contingent at the convention, eager to stop Parker, a Madisonian from earning the nomination, began to solidify around Mallory as a compromise candidate. On the fourth ballot, Mallory more than doubled his support, Davis continued to climb, and Fratt and Parker both plummeted; after this round of balloting had concluded, Fratt's name was withdrawn. Finally, on the fifth ballot, Mallory won the nomination over Davis handily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 60], "content_span": [61, 955]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026217-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Republican convention\nThe Republican convention was significantly less drawn-out than the Democratic convention, with most of the drama over the nomination occurring in the months before. Significant opposition developed in the Republican Party to the possible nomination of Governor Ludington for re-election, and former State Assembly Speaker William E. Smith, Ludington's opponent for the nomination two years earlier, emerging as a leading candidate. Smith's supporters produced a letter written from Ludington to Smith during the 1875 Republican convention, which thanked Smith for withdrawing from the race and promised to step aside for Smith in 1877:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 60], "content_span": [61, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026217-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Republican convention\nI only want to be Governor one term. That's all I ask. Two years from now, I shall not be in your way, or in any one else's, for the nomination. \"Don't make it an absolute refusal,\" one of the members urged with fervor that almost disarmed me, and I think I made no reply.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 60], "content_span": [61, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026217-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Republican convention\nUltimately, under significant pressure from the state Republican establishment, Ludington announced that he would not seek a second term. At the Republican convention in September, Smith took an early lead on the informal ballot of the delegates and then was nominated unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 60], "content_span": [61, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026218-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1877 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1877 college football season. The team finished with a 3\u20130\u20131 record and was retroactively named national champion by the National Championship Foundation and co-national champion by Parke H. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026219-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 college baseball season\nThe 1877 college baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States began in the spring of 1877. Play largely consisted of regional matchups, some organized by conferences, and ended in June. No national championship event was held until 1893, while the College World Series began in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026220-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 college football season\nThe 1877 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Yale and Princeton as having been selected national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026221-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in Argentina, Deaths\nThis article article about the history of Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026222-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1877 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026223-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026227-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in Canada, Historical documents\n\"Great irregularities\" - House of Commons committee finds inefficiency, lethargy and political influence rife in federal civil service", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026227-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 in Canada, Historical documents\nU.S. government report on commerce in the Province of Ontario", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026227-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 in Canada, Historical documents\nEditorial on the continual exodus of Quebeckers to the U.S.A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026227-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 in Canada, Historical documents\nInformation pamphlet on a British agricultural colonization scheme for Western Canada", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026227-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 in Canada, Historical documents\nLecturer says the rights and equality of women are necessary to society", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026227-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 in Canada, Historical documents\nSitting Bull rejects the offer of a pardon and return to the U.S.A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026228-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1877 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026236-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1877 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026241-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1877 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026242-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in Sweden\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by BHGbot (talk | contribs) at 20:47, 18 June 2020 (WP:BHGbot 6 (List 5): fixed sort key; WP:GENFIXES). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026243-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1877 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026247-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in association football\nThe following are events in 1877 which are relevant to the development of association football. Included are events in closely related codes, such as the Sheffield Rules, amalgamated into the FA Rules in 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026248-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1877  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026249-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in birding and ornithology\nBirds described in 1877 include the giant ibis, black-and-yellow phainoptila, Cebu flowerpecker, Drakensberg prinia, Finsch's euphonia, lava heron, Manus friarbird, Palawan tit, plain-backed antpitta, rufous-fronted tailorbird and Walden's hornbill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026250-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026252-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026252-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 in paleontology, Non-dinosaurian reptiles\nA misidentified ornithosuchid archosaur whose name was preoccupied by MacLeay, 1819. It was later renamed Dasygnathoides. Synonym of Ornithosuchus", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 46], "content_span": [47, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026252-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 in paleontology, Dinosaurs, Laelaps trihedrodon, Cope criticizes Dryptosaurus\nO. W. Lucas collected the first remains of what would later in the year be named Laelaps trihedrodon from Quarry I of the Saurian Hill at Garden Park, Colorado. Edward Drinker Cope would describe the material later in the year in a short paper titled \"On a carnivorous dinosaurian from the Dakota beds of Colorado.\" The \"Dakota beds\" he references are actually Morrison Formation strata.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 82], "content_span": [83, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026252-0002-0001", "contents": "1877 in paleontology, Dinosaurs, Laelaps trihedrodon, Cope criticizes Dryptosaurus\nCope claims to have a skeleton of unspecified completeness on which to establish the new species, but only describes a partial dentary which has 5 successional teeth, 2 functional teeth, and one tooth missing from its socket. All of the preceding material has since been lost to science with the exception of 5 broken, partial tooth crowns. From the now missing dentary, Cope infers that the creature is a carnivore and compares its dentition to that belonging to other members of his infamous genus \"Laelaps\", L. aquilunguis and L. incrassatus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 82], "content_span": [83, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026252-0002-0002", "contents": "1877 in paleontology, Dinosaurs, Laelaps trihedrodon, Cope criticizes Dryptosaurus\nCope concludes the paper with a pointed criticism of his rival O. C. Marsh's attempt to rename Laelaps as the genus Dryptosaurus because the generic name Laelaps has been used in entomology. Cope claims that since the mite genus Laelaps was a synonym that the name was not truly preoccupied and Marsh's erection of Dryptosaurus has therefore created a new, redundant synonym of Laelaps the dinosaur. However, subsequent researchers have supported Marsh's new name.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 82], "content_span": [83, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026252-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 in paleontology, Dinosaurs, New genera\nAn allosaurid theropod. Best known Late Jurassic large bodied theropod from North America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026252-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 in paleontology, Dinosaurs, New genera\nNorth Dakota,\u00a0South Dakota,\u00a0Nebraska,\u00a0Kansas,\u00a0Oklahoma,\u00a0Texas,\u00a0New Mexico,\u00a0Arizona,\u00a0Utah,\u00a0Idaho)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026252-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 in paleontology, Dinosaurs, New genera\nA diplodocoid. Has discovered a vertebra of more than 2 meters in height, but with the passage of time was lost. So the only remaining fossils can even be counted with the fingers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026252-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 in paleontology, Dinosaurs, New genera\nA stegosaur. Known from the plates on its back and the Tail Spiked (\"Thagomizer\") on its tail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026252-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 in paleontology, Dinosaurs, New genera\nPreoccupied by a genus erected by Richard Lydekker this same year. Later renamed Atlantosaurus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026253-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026253-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 in poetry, Events, The Annus mirabilis of poetastery\nIn the annals of poetasting, 1877 stands out as a historic year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026253-0002-0000", "contents": "1877 in poetry, Events, The Annus mirabilis of poetastery\nThe most startling incident in my life was the time I discovered myself to be a poet, which was in the year 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026253-0003-0000", "contents": "1877 in poetry, Events, The Annus mirabilis of poetastery\nSo wrote William Topaz McGonagall (1825 \u20131902) a Scottish weaver, \"actor\", and \"poet\" who would become comically renowned as one of the worst poets in the English language.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026253-0004-0000", "contents": "1877 in poetry, Events, The Annus mirabilis of poetastery\nAlso this year Poetaster Julia A. Moore, following up on the renown of her first book of verse, The Sweet Singer of Michigan Salutes the Public of 1876, decided to appear before her public. She gave a reading and singing performance, with orchestral accompaniment, at a Grand Rapids, Michigan, opera house.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026253-0005-0000", "contents": "1877 in poetry, Events, The Annus mirabilis of poetastery\nMoore managed to interpret the jeering as criticism of the orchestra.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026253-0006-0000", "contents": "1877 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026253-0007-0000", "contents": "1877 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026254-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026255-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in science\nThe year 1877 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026256-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 in sports\n1877 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026259-0000-0000", "contents": "1877 survey marker 48\nThe State Line Marker is a historic boundary marker on the state line between Arkansas and Oklahoma. It is located down a path a short way north of a parking area on Talimena Scenic Drive in Ouachita National Forest, about 17 miles (27\u00a0km) northwest of Mena, Arkansas. The marker is an octagonal cast iron pipe, with the legend \"48 M\" on the north face (signifying its marking of the 48th mile), \"1877\" on the south side (the year of the marker's erection), \"ARK\" (for Arkansas) on the east side, and \"CHOC\" (for Choctaw Territory) on the west side. The pipe is mounted in a stone and mortar base installed by the United States Forest Service in 1974. The marker was placed in 1877 following a series of controversial surveys to demarcate the border between Arkansas and what was then Indian Territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 824]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026259-0001-0000", "contents": "1877 survey marker 48\nThe marker was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. This marker is one of the few surviving markers from this survey that is accessible to the public.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026260-0000-0000", "contents": "1877\u20131879 Grey Ministry\nThe Grey Ministry was a responsible government that was formed in New Zealand. It formed in October 1877 and governed for two years until October 1879. From the outset, Sir George Grey served as Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026260-0001-0000", "contents": "1877\u20131879 Grey Ministry, Background\nAs Premier, Grey was highly active in promoting middle-class liberalism to New Zealanders sponsoring ideas such as electoral reform, land taxes, breaking up large estates, regulation of wages and working hours and accessible education. However his ideas were too radical for many of his contemporaries. Grey's administration was perceived as defective and his leadership poor. As he never had a safe majority in Parliament, Grey unsuccessfully asked for a dissolution in 1878. Soon after the economy began to slide into recession, which caused much unemployment and as a result, unpopularity. The next year Grey's government lost a division in the House triggering an election. Grey and his followers failed to win a majority and in October 1879 Grey resigned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026261-0000-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1877\u201378 season was the fifth Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026261-0001-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nDuring the early years of the Scottish Cup, the earlier rounds of the competition were played on a regional basis, which was always a tough proposition as three of the top Scottish clubs at the time were from Dumbartonshire. This season Dumbarton came up against Vale of Leven in the second round, and lost (to the eventual champions) after a 1-1 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026261-0002-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDuring the season, 12 'friendly' matches were played, including home and away fixtures against local teams Renton and Alexandria, and also Glasgow sides, Rangers and South Western. Of these matches, 8 were won, 1 drawn and 3 lost, scoring 32 goals and conceding 8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026261-0003-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOf note amongst those appearing in club colours for the first time this season were Joe Lindsay, Jock Hutcheson and William McKinnon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026261-0004-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026261-0005-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International trial\nIn order to select a 'Scotland' team to play against England, an international trial match was held for Dunbartonshire players on 9 February 1878 at Alexandria. Archie Lang, Peter Miller, Alex Galbraith, Joe Lindsay and J McMaster all played. A month later on 9 March a second trial match was held at Ibrox to consider selection for the team to play against Wales, with Peter Miller and Alex Galbraith playing. In the end however, none of the Dumbarton men were capped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026262-0000-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 FA Cup\nThe 1877\u201378 Football Association Challenge Cup was the seventh staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. Forty-three teams entered, four more than the previous season, although three of the forty-three never played a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026263-0000-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nSeason 1877\u201378 was the third season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the third time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026263-0001-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts only  reached the first round of the Scottish Cup, being defeated by Edinburgh derby rivals Hibs in the first round after a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026263-0002-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nLater that season, Hibs and Hearts contested the Final of the Edinburgh FA Cup. Hearts eventually won the local competition after a fourth replay, with the decisive match (won 3\u20132 by Hearts) played over two months after the first attempt. The long running saga established Hibs and Hearts as the predominant clubs in Edinburgh. The Edinburgh derby, as it would become known, is the second oldest regularly played derby match, after the Nottingham derby between Notts County and Nottingham Forest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026264-0000-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Hibernian F.C. season\nSeason 1877\u201378 was the first in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026264-0001-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nHibs reached the fifth round of the Scottish Cup, losing 3\u20131 to South Western. They had defeated Edinburgh derby rivals Hearts in the first round after a replay. The fourth round match against Thornliebank was highly unusual. Hibs won the first match 2\u20131, but the Scottish Football Association decided to consider the result a draw and ordered a replay. After the replay ended in a 2\u20132 draw, both clubs were admitted to the fifth round of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026264-0002-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nLater that season, Hibs and Hearts contested the Final of the Edinburgh FA Cup. Hearts eventually won the local competition after a fourth replay, with the decisive match (won 3\u20132 by Hearts) played over two months after the first attempt. The long running saga established Hibs and Hearts as the predominant clubs in Edinburgh. The Edinburgh derby, as it would become known, is the second oldest regularly played derby match, after the Nottingham derby between Notts County and Nottingham Forest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026265-0000-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Home Nations rugby union matches\nThe 1877-78 Home Nations rugby union matches are a series of international friendlies held between the England, Ireland and Scotland national rugby union teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026265-0001-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Home Nations rugby union matches, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026265-0002-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nEngland: HE Kayll, AW Pearson, A.N. Hornby, L Stokes, WAD Evanson, PLA Price, Edward Kewley capt., FR Adams, FD Fowler, Murray Marshall, JM Biggs, GF Vernon, GT Thomson, Edward Temple Gurdon, H Fowler", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026265-0003-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nScotland: Bill Maclagan, Malcolm Cross, Ninian Finlay, John Alexander Neilson, James Campbell, Stewart Henry Smith, DR Irvine, G Macleod, Louis Auldjo, RW Irvine capt., AG Petrie, JHS Graham, Henry Melville Napier, NT Brewis, JE Junor", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026265-0004-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Ireland vs. England\nIreland: RB Walkington capt., RN Maiter, FW Kidd, GL Fagan, TG Gordon, EWD Crocker, WD Moore, F Schute, HW Murray, W Finlay, JA MacDonald, HG Edwards, HC Kelly, RW Hughes, W Griffiths", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 74], "content_span": [75, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026265-0005-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Ireland vs. England\nEngland: WJ Penny, AW Pearson, A.N. Hornby, HJ Enthoven, AH Jackson, JL Bell, HP Gardner, CL Verelst, T Blatherwick, Murray Marshall capt., A Budd, GF Vernon, WH Hunt, EF Dawson, Edward Beadon Turner", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 74], "content_span": [75, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026266-0000-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Morton F.C. season\nThe 1877\u201378 season was Morton Football Club's first season in which they competed at a national level, entering the fifth Scottish Cup. The club also competed in the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026267-0000-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Queen's Park F.C. season\nThe 1877\u201378 season was the seventh season of competitive football by Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026267-0001-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Queen's Park F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nQueen's Park played only four competitive fixtures in 1877\u201378 as they were knocked out of the Scottish Cup by eventual runners-up 3rd Lanark RV in the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026267-0002-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Queen's Park F.C. season, FA Cup\nQueen's Park received a bye through to the second round but they withdrew before their match with Welsh side Druids.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026267-0003-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Queen's Park F.C. season, Glasgow Merchants' Charity Cup\nOriginally, Queen's Park were due to play Rangers in the first round but instead advanced straight to the final while Rangers played 3rd Lanark RV instead. The club retained the cup after they defeated Vale of Leven in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026268-0000-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Cup\nThe 1877\u201378 Scottish Cup \u2013 officially the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup \u2013 was the fifth season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. For the first time, over 100 teams took part in the competition which began with the first round on 22 September 1877. The cup was won by Vale of Leven for a second time after they defeated Glasgow club 3rd Lanark RV 1\u20130 in the final on 30 March 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026268-0001-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Cup\nHeart of Midlothian and Hibernian were drawn to face each other in the first round in what would be the first competitive Edinburgh derby. Hibernian won 2\u20131 after a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026268-0002-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Cup, Calendar\nThe exact dates of some matches are unknown as newspaper coverage of football in the late 19th century was not as comprehensive as it would become.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026268-0003-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 116 teams entered the competition in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026268-0004-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Cup, First round\nCaledonian, Dunmore, Grasshoppers, and 17th Renfrew RV received a bye to the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026268-0005-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Cup, Second round\nBarrhead, Drumpellier, Renton Thistle, Stonefield and Swifts received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026268-0006-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Cup, Third round\nKilbirnie and St. Clement's received a bye to the fourth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026269-0000-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1877-78 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026269-0001-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the Inter-City fixture between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District; and the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026269-0002-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Districts season, History\nAfter last season's defeat at the hands of Edinburgh District, the East of Scotland District decided to play its own trial match to better determine its players for the upcoming match against Edinburgh. The East of Scotland, at the time, picked its players from four leading teams in the area: Aberdeenshire RFC; Abertay RFC; Red Cross Dundee RFC; and St Andrew's University RFC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026269-0003-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe original intention was for the trial match was to be played at Guthrie Junction between an Aberdeenshire/Red Cross side and an Abertay/St Andrew's University side. St Andrew's University were unwilling to go further north than Dundee for the game; and as a result the Aberdeenshire side did not travel south. Instead the 'north' team was Red Cross with a couple of Perth men; and the 'south' team was Abertay/St Andrew's University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026269-0004-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Districts season, History\nIn the match, C. Williams of the Red Cross/Perth side thought he had scored a try, but this was disputed and a try was not given. The match ended without a score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026269-0005-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe East v Edinburgh match was due to be played on 12 January 1878 but was called off the night before, due to frost in the south. It was played instead on 9 February 1878; it ended without a score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026269-0006-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Districts season, History\nThis was the first year that a dedicated 'Trial match' for international selection was announced: a 'Blues' trial side were to play a 'Whites' trial side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026269-0007-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nGlasgow District: J. S. Carrick (Glasgow Academicals), R. C. Mackenzie (Glasgow Academicals), M. Cross (Glasgow Academicals), J. K. Tod (Glasgow Academicals), H. W. Little (West of Scotland), D. H. Watson (Glasgow Academicals), J. E. Junor (Glasgow Academicals), S. Smith (Glasgow Academicals), E. Ewart (Glasgow Academicals), A. T. Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), H. M. Napier (West of Scotland), J. Cochrane (West of Scotland), J. Colvil (West of Scotland), W. M. Morton (St. Vincent), J. Fraser (St. Vincent)Edinburgh District: E. Carr (Edinburgh Wanderers), N. J. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), W. Maclagan (Edinburgh Academicals), G. Q. Paterson (Edinburgh Academicals), W. Masters (Edinburgh Institute F.P. ), N. T. Brewis [captain], D. Somerville, R. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institute F.P. ), J. H. S. Graham, George Macleod (Edinburgh Academicals), G. Budd, R. G. Strong, J. Shiels (Edinburgh Wanderers), H. M. Davidson (Royal HSFP), R. Bone (Edinburgh University)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 1021]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026269-0008-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nEast of Scotland District South: W. Sherwell (Perth), W. Dick (Dundee Red Cross), P. L. Storrier (Dundee Red Cross), G. Paton (Dundee Red Cross), D. Stiven (Dundee Red Cross), C. Murray (Dundee Red Cross), T. Kyd (Dundee Red Cross), W. Thomson (Dundee Red Cross) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026269-0008-0001", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\ncaptain], J. Thomson (Dundee Red Cross), T. Luis (Dundee Red Cross), C. Williams (Dundee Red Cross), C. Gourlay (Dundee Red Cross), G. Adie (Dundee Red Cross), P. Henry (Perth), A. Stiven (Dundee Red Cross)East of Scotland District North: J. Armstrong (St. Andrews), G. Ritchie (Abertay), J. Norrie (Abertay), M. Wright (St. Andrews), J. Myles (Abertay), Louis Auldjo (Abertay), G. Lumgair (Abertay), W. Stiven (Abertay), J. Dickie (Abertay), T. Steven (Abertay) [ captain], E. Morrison (St. Andrews), J. Cameron (St. Andrews), W. Traill (St. Andrews), W. Barclay (St. Andrews)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026269-0009-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nEast of Scotland District: W. Maclagan (Edinburgh Academicals), N. J. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), J. C. Montgomerie (Edinburgh Wanderers), G. Q. Paterson (Edinburgh Academicals), W. Masters (Edinburgh Institute F.P. ), A. G. Petrie [captain], H. M. Davidson (Royal HSFP), J. H. S. Graham, R. W. Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), N. T. Brewis, D. Somerville, R. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institute F.P. ), R. C. Strong (Edinburgh Wanderers), R. Bone (Edinburgh University), L. Auldjo (Abertay)West of Scotland District: Robert Campbell MacKenzie (Glasgow Academicals), P. Russell (West of Scotland), Malcolm Cross (Glasgow Academicals), H. W. Little (West of Scotland) [ captain], J. Moncrieff (Glasgow University), Henry Melville Napier (West of Scotland), J. Cochrane (West of Scotland), J. Colville (West of Scotland), H. Watson (Glasgow Academicals), John Junor (Glasgow Academicals), Edward Ewart (Glasgow Academicals), Stewart Henry Smith (Glasgow Academicals), David Lang (Paisley), J. Raeburn (St. Vincent), D. W. Morton (St. Vincent)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 1103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026269-0010-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Scottish Districts season, Results, Trial matches\nBlues Trial: P. Russel (West of Scotland), Malcolm Cross (Glasgow Academicals), Robert Campbell MacKenzie (Glasgow Academicals), David Watson (Glasgow Academicals) [ captain], George Paterson (Edinburgh Academicals), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals), Duncan Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), John Junor (Glasgow Academicals), E. Ewart (Glasgow Academicals), Stewart Henry Smith (Glasgow Academicals), Henry Melville Napier (West of Scotland), J. Cochrane (West of Scotland), Alexander Petrie (Royal HSFP), Nat Brewis (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), R. G. Strong (Edinburgh Wanderers)Whites Trial: James Stewart Carrick (Glasgow Academicals), A. D. Dunlop (West of Scotland), G. A. Scott (Royal HSFP), H. W. Little (West of Scotland) [ captain], W. Masters (Institution FP), J. Colvil-Edwards (West of Scotland), Louis Auldjo (Abertay), D. Lang (Paisley), John Alexander Neilson (Glasgow Academicals), Robert Ainslie (Institution FP), David Somerville (Institution FP), R. Bone (Edinburgh University), H. M. Davidson (Royal HSFP), W. Morton (St. Vincent), J. Raeburn (St. Vincent)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 1139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026270-0000-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Welsh Cup\nThe 1877\u201378 Welsh Cup was the first season of the Welsh Cup. The cup was won by Wrexham who defeated Druids 1\u20130 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026270-0001-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 Welsh Cup, Final\nThe final of the inaugural Welsh Cup tournament was played at Acton Park, Wrexham on 30 March 1878 between Wrexham and Druids of Ruabon. The match was a cliffhanger, with no score until the Wrexham forwards charged the Druids' defenders to take the ball over the line to win the game in the final minute, with James Davies being credited with the goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026271-0000-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 in English football\nThe 1877\u201378 season was the seventh season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026271-0001-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 in English football, Overview\nWanderers became the first club to win the FA Cup three times in a row after beating Royal Engineers 3\u20131 in this season's final. It was the fifth time they had won the competition overall. They never won it again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026271-0002-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 in English football, International match\nA disastrous day for England saw them trounced by Scotland seven goals to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026271-0003-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026272-0000-0000", "contents": "1877\u201378 in Scottish football\nThe 1877\u201378 season was the fifth season of competitive football in Scotland. This season saw the first playing of the Ayrshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026273-0000-0000", "contents": "1878\n1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1878th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 878th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 78th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  9th   year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1878, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026274-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1878 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on August 5, 1878, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama. Democrat Rufus W. Cobb ran unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026275-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Amherst football team\nThe 1878 Amherst football team was an American football team that represented Amherst College during the 1878 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20133 record and was outscored by a total of six points to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026276-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Argyllshire by-election\nThe Argyllshire by-election of 1878 was fought on 27 August 1878. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal Member of Parliament, the Marquess of Lorne to become Governor General of Canada. It was retained by Lorne's brother the Liberal candidate Lord Colin Campbell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026276-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Argyllshire by-election, Expenses\nLord Campbell's expenses came to \u00a35,700 9s 4d and Colonel Malcolm's were approximately \u00a39,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1878 Atlantic hurricane season lasted from the summer through much of the fall. Records show that 1878 featured a relatively active hurricane season. A total of twelve storms were observed during the year. There were two tropical storms, eight hurricanes and two major hurricanes (Category 3+). However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0000-0001", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season\nAn undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. Of the known 1878 cyclones, both Hurricane Three and Hurricane Four were first documented in 1995 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz, who also proposed large changes to the known tracks of Hurricanes Two, Seven and Eight. Further analysis from 2000 onwards extended the duration of Hurricane Three by one day and identified major track changes for Hurricane Five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) recognizes twelve tropical cyclones for 1878 in the Atlantic basin; two were tropical storms and ten were hurricanes. This season caused a total of 108 fatalities. The most notable hurricane of the 1878 Atlantic season was Hurricane Eleven or the Gale of 1878. This hurricane caused at least 72 fatalities in Cuba and the United States. Estimated damage from this storm amounted to $2 million. The first storm of 1878 was Tropical Storm One, which formed in the Gulf of Mexico on July 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0001-0001", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nIt impacted Florida and weakened to a tropical depression over land but regained some intensity when it emerged into the Atlantic. It brought high winds and heavy rainfall as far as North Carolina. Hurricane Two grew from a tropical storm near the Leeward Islands to impact Mexico as a Category 1 hurricane on August 18. Hurricane Three was a Category 1 hurricane that existed in the mid-Atlantic from August 19 to August 21, when it dissipated over the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Hurricane Four was first seen near the Bahamas on August 25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0001-0002", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nIt tracked northeast and passed within 90 miles of Bermuda before dissipating in the mid-Atlantic on August 30. Hurricane Five hit the Leeward Islands on September 2, then Haiti and passed north of Cuba. It made landfall on the Florida peninsula as a tropical storm, moved offshore, strengthened and made another landfall near Tampa before passing over St Augustine on September 11. The storm caused several ship wrecks along the east coast of Florida. Hurricane Six was a Category 2 hurricane that existed in the western Atlantic between September 12 and September 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0001-0003", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nHurricane Seven is the only known Category 4 hurricane of 1878. It made landfall on Haiti as a Category 1 hurricane and rapidly weakened to a tropical storm but regained hurricane strength in the Atlantic. After passing through the Bahamas it grew to a Category 2 hurricane. It continued to grow, becoming a Category 3 hurricane on September 30 and reaching Category 4 strength by October 8. Hurricane Eight grew from a tropical storm in the Gulf of Mexico on October 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0001-0004", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nIt crossed over Florida and grew to a Category 1 hurricane as it tracked north off the US east coast. Hurricane Nine was a minimal Category 1 Hurricane that existed in the Atlantic between October 9 and October 16. Hurricane Ten also remained at sea throughout its entire duration between October 13 and October 19. Hurricane Eleven, or the Gale Of 1878, was the most destructive storm of the year. It first made landfall in Cuba at hurricane strength, then weakened before passing over Florida and the Bahamas. The storm again strengthened before making landfall in North Carolina. It dissipated over New York on October 24. Tropical Storm Twelve passed over the Lesser Antilles in late November before passing close to Puerto Rico and then dissipating near Jamaica on December 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nOn July\u00a01 a tropical storm developed in the Gulf of Mexico off the Florida coast. It produced frequent rain, easterly wind, and diminishing pressure in Florida. The storm made landfall in Florida on July\u00a02 with maximum sustained winds of 40 knots (74\u00a0km/h; 46\u00a0mph); Punta Rassa, Florida, recorded a minimum pressure of 29.77 inches of mercury (1,008\u00a0mb) that afternoon. Key West, Florida, registered a wind of 36 miles per hour (58\u00a0km/h). The storm likely briefly weakened to a tropical depression over Florida but emerged into the Atlantic Ocean that afternoon and quickly regained tropical storm status. Rainy weather with frequent easterly gales extended northward through South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nOn July\u00a03, easterly gales and rainy weather prevailed along the Atlantic coast as far north as Cape Hatteras. Smithville, North Carolina, registered a maximum wind of 38 miles per hour (61\u00a0km/h) from the east. The tropical storm exited the coastal region on the afternoon of July\u00a03, and no further records are, currently, known.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nA tropical storm was discovered in the vicinity of the Leeward Islands on August\u00a08. It moved to the west across the Caribbean Sea and then to the northwest. By the time that it entered the Gulf of Mexico, the system had intensified into a hurricane. The storm moved west across the Gulf of Mexico, and maintained hurricane status until making landfall in Mexico on August\u00a018. The hurricane had dissipated over Mexico by the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nA Category One hurricane was first observed in the mid-Atlantic, north-east of Bermuda, on August\u00a019. It moved to the north, toward Atlantic Canada. The hurricane grazed Nova Scotia shortly before it reached peak intensity. Sustained winds at peak intensity were 90\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h) while the minimum central pressure was at 963\u00a0mbar, the most intense on record for a category 1 hurricane. It then grazed Newfoundland before it became extratropical in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence on August\u00a021.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nA tropical storm was discovered in the vicinity of the Bahamas on August\u00a025. It moved to the northeast early in its duration. By August\u00a027 it strengthened into a hurricane. After this it steadily got stronger as it moved toward Bermuda. On August\u00a028 it had been upgraded to a Category 2 hurricane. Near peak intensity it passed within 90 miles (140\u00a0km) of Bermuda. At peak intensity, the maximum sustained wind was 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h) and the pressure was 972\u00a0mbar. The intensity of the storm barely leveled off over the next two days. The cyclone was last seen on August\u00a030.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0007-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nA tropical storm was first observed on September\u00a01 just north of South America. It moved to the west-northwest, becoming a hurricane before hitting the Leeward Islands on September\u00a02. It continued across the Caribbean, hitting Haiti and paralleling the north coast of Cuba. By September\u00a07 it had weakened to a tropical storm and was east of Key West, Florida. It made landfall, on the Florida peninsula, soon afterwards and began moving slowly north before drifting back offshore where it strengthened. It remained over Florida for three days due to slow movement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0007-0001", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nOn the morning of September\u00a010 it began moving east and made landfall north of Tampa with maximum sustained winds of 105\u00a0mph (169\u00a0km/h). The center passed over St. Augustine on September\u00a011. When it reached the western Atlantic it became a hurricane again and caused several ships to be wrecked along the north-east coast of Florida, between Cape Canaveral and Amelia Island. It hit South Carolina by the morning of September\u00a012, and, becoming extratropical, reached Ontario (where, claiming at least 4 lives, it had been raining since September 10) by the morning of September\u00a013. In Central Florida, the cyclone flooded the area near Fort Basinger, including the Kissimmee River valley, in present-day Okeechobee County. Very heavy rainfall along its path affected the Florida peninsula. The hurricane caused at least nine deaths, though some reports suggest more were likely.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 934]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0008-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nA Category One hurricane was first discovered over 1,000 miles (1,600\u00a0km) to the east of the Windward Islands on September\u00a011. After several days it grew to a Category 2 hurricane with winds peaking at 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h).The minimum pressure is unknown. It dissipated on September\u00a018 about 350 miles (560\u00a0km) to the south-southeast on Bermuda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0009-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nA tropical storm was first observed in the central Caribbean on September\u00a024. It moved to the north, strengthening into a Category 1 hurricane before making landfall in Haiti. It quickly weakened to a tropical storm while passing roughly 11 miles (18\u00a0km) to the west of Port-au-Prince. An American brigantine was wrecked at Tiburon with all hands lost. The storm rapidly regained hurricane status after emerging into the Atlantic. It passed through the eastern Bahamas shortly before it was upgraded to a Category 2 hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0009-0001", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nAgain it gradually strengthened, becoming a Category 3 hurricane by September\u00a030 and a Category 4 hurricane by October\u00a02. It continued to the northeast and moved away from land. The cyclone also maintained major hurricane status at a high latitude, roughly at 47.5N, but weakened somewhat before it was last seen on October\u00a08.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0010-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eight\nA tropical storm formed in the Gulf of Mexico on October\u00a09. It moved across Florida, and after tracking near the coasts of Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, it strengthened to a hurricane. The storm brought heavy wind and rain to New England, causing 27 deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0011-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine\nA tropical storm was first discovered on October\u00a09 in the mid-Atlantic. It strengthened into a minimal hurricane before it dissipated at sea on October\u00a016. It is likely that Hurricane Eight and Hurricane Nine merged into a single, large extratropical storm onOctober\u00a016.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0012-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ten\nHurricane Ten was a major hurricane that remained at sea during its entire duration. It was first discovered while a tropical storm of October\u00a013. Over the next two days it strengthened slightly. By October\u00a015 it became a hurricane and a Category 2 hurricane by the next day. It had also become a Category 3 hurricane on October\u00a017. It attained peak intensity on October\u00a018, sustained winds reached 120\u00a0mph (190\u00a0km/h). The hurricane weakened slightly before it was last seen on October\u00a019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0013-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eleven\nOn October\u00a018 a tropical storm formed west of Jamaica. As it neared landfall in Cuba, it strengthened to a 100\u00a0mph\u00a0(160\u00a0km/h) hurricane, but weakened while crossing the island. It passed over southeast Florida and the Bahamas, strengthening to a 100\u00a0mph\u00a0(160\u00a0km/h) hurricane again before hitting North Carolina between Wilmington and Morehead City. The hurricane raced across the interior of the United States, becoming extratropical on the 24th over New York. The hurricane caused over $2\u00a0million in damage, and at least 72 casualties. These included 19 people killed when a ship, the A.S.Davis, was driven ashore at Virginia Beach. In total, the hurricane was responsible for 22 shipwrecks. Among these was the steamer City of Houston which was lost on Frying Pan Shoals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 831]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0014-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Twelve\nA tropical storm was first discovered on November\u00a025 some 700\u00a0miles east of the Lesser Antilles. On November\u00a028 and 29 it passed over much of the northern Lesser Antilles. The storm then passed near the southern coast of Puerto Rico and its effects were felt in southeastern and southern Puerto Rico. It was first known tropical storm to impact Puerto Rico in November. Sustained winds of 70+mph. Later on it continued into the Caribbean and dissipated on December\u00a02 while a few hundred miles south of Jamaica.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026277-0015-0000", "contents": "1878 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Twelve\nThis is the earliest known tropical cyclone to exist in the month of December on record, though most of its life spanned in November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026278-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Belfast by-election\nThe Belfast by-election of 1878 was held on 2 April 1878. The by-election was held due to the resignation (Inspector of Fisheries in Ireland) of the incumbent Conservative MP, William Johnston. It was won by the Conservative candidate William Ewart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026279-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Belgian general election\nPartial general elections were held in Belgium on 11 June, 18 June and 15 July 1878. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 72 of the 132 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 36 of the 66 seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 62.5%, although only 56,640 people were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026279-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Belgian general election\nUnder the alternating system, elections for the Chamber of Representatives were only held in four out of the nine provinces: Hainaut, Limburg, Li\u00e8ge and East Flanders. Additionally, special elections were held in the arrondissements of Antwerp, Brussels and Kortrijk after these electoral districts got one extra seat due to population growth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026279-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Belgian general election\nThey were the first elections with strict guarantees for secret ballots following the law of 9 July 1877, which contributed to the success of the liberals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026279-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Belgian general election, Constituencies\nThe distribution of seats among the electoral districts was as follows for the Chamber of Representatives, with the difference compared to the previous election due to population growth:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026280-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Birthday Honours\nThe 1878 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette in May 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026280-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026281-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Boston Red Caps season\nThe 1878 Boston Red Caps season was the eighth season of the franchise. The Red Caps won their second straight National League pennant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026281-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026281-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026281-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026281-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026282-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Boston by-election\nThe Boston by-election of 1878 was fought on 12 August 1878. The byelection was fought due to the resignation in order to contest Argyllshire of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Malcolm. It was won by the Conservative candidate Thomas Garfit, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026283-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1878 saw  Frederick O. Prince elected to return the mayoralty for a second nonconsecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026284-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Bristol by-election\nThe Bristol by-election of 1878 was fought on 14 December 1878. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Kirkman Hodgson. It was won by the Liberal candidate Lewis Fry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026285-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 British Columbia general election\nThe 1878 British Columbia general election was held in 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026285-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 British Columbia general election, Political context, Non-party system\nThere were to be no political parties in the new province. The designations \"Government\" and \"Opposition\" and \"Independent\" (and variations on these) functioned in place of parties, but they were very loose and do not represent formal coalitions, more alignments of support during the campaign. \"Government\" meant in support of the current Premier; \"Opposition\" meant campaigning against him, and often enough the Opposition would win and immediately become the Government. The Elections British Columbia notes for this election describe the designations as \"Government (GOV.) candidates supported the administration of G.A.B. Walkem. Those opposed ran as Reform (REF. ), Opposition (OPP. ), Independent Reform (IND.REF. ), or Independent Opposition (IND.OPP.) candidates. Those who ran as straight Independents (IND.) were sometimes described as Government supporters (IND./GOV. ).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 958]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026285-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 British Columbia general election, Political context, Byelections not shown\nAny changes due to byelections are shown below the main table showing the theoretical composition of the House after the election. A final table showing the composition of the House at the dissolution of the Legislature at the end of this Parliament can be found below the byelections. The main table represents the immediate results of the election only, not changes in governing coalitions or eventual changes due to byelections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026285-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 British Columbia general election, Political context, List of ridings\nThe original ridings had remained twelve in number, electing 25 members of the first provincial legislature from 12 ridings (electoral districts), some with multiple members. There were no political parties were not acceptable in the House by convention, though some members were openly partisan at the federal level (usually Conservative, although both Liberal and Labour allegiance were on display by some candidates).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026285-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 British Columbia general election, Political context, List of ridings, Statistics\nMainland 2,271 votes 11 seats (excluding Kootenay's) 206.45 votes/seat\u00a0:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 86], "content_span": [87, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026285-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 British Columbia general election, Political context, List of ridings, Statistics\nNote that these figures refer to votes actually cast, not the population per se nor the total of the potential voters' list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 86], "content_span": [87, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026285-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 British Columbia general election, Political context, Polling conditions\nProperty requirements for voting instigated for the 1875 election were dropped. Natives (First Nations) and Chinese were disallowed from voting, although naturalized Kanakas (Hawaiian colonists) and American and West Indian blacks and certain others participated. The requirement that knowledge of English be spoken for balloting was discussed but not applied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026285-0007-0000", "contents": "1878 British Columbia general election, Byelections\nAs customary, byelections were held to confirm the appointment of various members to the Executive Council (cabinet). In this Parliament, all three such byelections were won by acclamation:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 51], "content_span": [52, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026285-0008-0000", "contents": "1878 British Columbia general election, Byelections\nWalkem's byelection acclamation confirmed him as Premier; Executive Council appointments were decided and made by the Lieutenant-Governor in this period, not by the Premier directly, but by the L-G in Consultation with the Premier (as still is the case, though only as a formal technicality, not in practice). The Premier's position itself was technically an appointment, as there were no political parties nor leaders, other than unofficial ones for each faction in the House to whom the Lieutenant-Governor would turn if their known caucus was sufficient to form a government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 51], "content_span": [52, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026285-0009-0000", "contents": "1878 British Columbia general election, Byelections\nOther byelections were held on the occasion of death, ill health, retirement and/or resignation for other reasons. These were won by:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 51], "content_span": [52, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026285-0010-0000", "contents": "1878 British Columbia general election, Composition of House at dissolution\nNote: Government/Opposition status applies to candidate at time of election in 1878, not at time of dissolution in 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026286-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1878 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University in the 1878 college football season. The team traveled to Amherst, Massachusetts and played the Lord Jeffs in their first football game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026287-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 CCNY Lavender football team\nThe 1878 CCNY Lavender football team represented the City College of New York during the 1878 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026288-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Canadian federal election\nThe 1878 Canadian federal election was held on September 17, 1878 to elect members of the House of Commons of the 4th Parliament of Canada. It resulted in the end of Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie's Liberal government after only one term in office. Canada suffered an economic depression during Mackenzie's term, and his party was punished by voters for it. The Liberals' policy of free trade also hurt their support with the business establishment in Toronto and Montreal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026288-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Canadian federal election\nSir John A. Macdonald and his Conservative Party were returned to power after having been defeated four years before amidst scandals over the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026288-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Canadian federal election, National results\n* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026289-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Canterbury by-election\nThe Canterbury by-election of 1878 was fought on 2 March 1878. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Henry Munro-Butler-Johnstone. It was won by the Conservative candidate Alfred Gathorne-Hardy, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026290-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Canterbury colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Canterbury on 10 January 1878 because Sir Henry Parkes was appointed Colonial Secretary forming the third Parkes ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested however on this occasion a poll was required in Canterbury and The Lachlan (James Watson). Both were comfortably re-elected. The other 5 ministers were re-elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026291-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election\nThe Carmarthen Boroughs by-election, 1878 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Carmarthen Boroughs in West Wales on 11 May 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026291-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the sitting Liberal MP, Sir Arthur Cowell-Stepney, 2nd Baronet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026291-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election, Candidates\nThe Liberals selected Benjamin Thomas Williams, QC, a successful barrister and a former Recorder of Carmarthen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026291-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election, The result\nThere being no other candidates putting themselves forward Williams was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026292-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Cheviot by-election\nThe 1878 Cheviot by-election was a by-election held on 21 May 1878 during the 6th New Zealand Parliament in the electorate of Cheviot in Canterbury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026292-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Cheviot by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Leonard Harper on 2 April 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026293-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1878 Chicago White Stockings season was the 7th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 3rd in the National League and the 1st at Lakefront Park. The White Stockings finished fourth in the National League with a record of 30\u201330.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026293-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026293-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026293-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026294-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Christchurch mayoral election\nThe Christchurch mayoral election held on 27 November 1878 was contested by the incumbent mayor, Henry Thomson, and senior Christchurch City Councillor Charles Thomas Ick. The election was won by Ick with a large margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026294-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Christchurch mayoral election, Background\nInitially, councillors elected one of their own as mayor towards the end of the year, and the role was usually awarded to the most senior councillor. The system changed with the introduction of The Municipal Corporations Acts Amendment Act, 1875, as that legislation stipulated that mayors had to be elected at large (i.e. by eligible voters). The 1875 was won unopposed by the incumbent, and the 1876 election was the first that was put to public vote. The 1878 election was the third mayoral election where eligible ratepayers voted. The incumbent, Henry Thomson, was first elected in 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026294-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Christchurch mayoral election, Background\nOne of the Christchurch newspapers, The Star, ran a vigorous campaign against Ick. The source of their editor's objection was Ick's alignment with former mayor William Wilson. Wilson was evidently a capable men, but his reputation was seriously dented when he lost a fraud case on all counts. Wilson stood for election to the city council once more earlier in 1878 and upon being elected, five city councillors resigned in protest, including George Ruddenklau, James Jameson, and Alexander William Bickerton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026294-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Christchurch mayoral election, Candidates\nHenry Thomson was born in Scotland in 1828. He emigrated to Australia in 1852, came to New Zealand in 1856, and settled in Christchurch in 1865. He worked as a jeweller for his father-in-law. He was also a manager for the railways. Thomson was elected onto the town and later city council in 1867, 1868, and 1875, before being elected mayor in 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026294-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Christchurch mayoral election, Candidates\nCharles Thomas Ick came to Dunedin in 1858, where he was in business as a mercer and draper. He farmed in Waikouaiti between 1863 and 1870, when he came to Christchurch and established himself as an auctioneer. He held various public offices while living in Waikouaiti and was elected onto the Christchurch city council in 1872, 1874, and 1877. Ick contested the 1876 mayoral election but was defeated by James Gapes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026294-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 Christchurch mayoral election, Election\nIck was nominated by former mayors Henry Sawtell and James Gapes. Thomson was nominated by former mayors Andrew Duncan and James Jameson. George Leslie Lee acted as the returning officer. Ick won the election by a large margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026294-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 Christchurch mayoral election, Election\nA year later, Ick won the 1879 mayoral election against Aaron Ayers and Gapes. Ick did not stand again in 1880, and was succeeded by James Gapes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026295-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Cincinnati Reds season\nThe 1878 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished second in the National League with a record of 37\u201323, four games behind the Boston Red Caps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026295-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nAfter finishing their first two seasons in the National League in last place, the Reds were hoping for some improvement in the 1878 season. Cincinnati signed Cal McVey of the Chicago White Stockings to become the team's new third baseman, and new manager. Catcher Deacon White of the Boston Red Caps signed with Cincinnati. White led the National League with a .387 batting average, 103 hits, eleven triples, 49 RBI, and a .545 slugging percentage with the Red Caps in 1877. White also led the National League with 60 RBI while playing for the White Stockings in 1876. On the mound, 23-year-old Will White was signed by the Reds. White appeared in three games with the Boston Red Caps in 1877, going 2\u20131 with a 3.00 ERA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 764]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026295-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nCharley Jones had another very solid season with the Reds, as he had a .310 batting average, along with a team high three home runs and 39 RBI. White saw his production slip, however, he still hit .314 with 29 RBI. Player-manager McVey was solid with a .306 average and two home runs along with 28 RBI. Rookie King Kelly hit .283 with 27 RBI. White had a spectacular season, going 30\u201321 with a 1.79 ERA in 468 innings pitched.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026295-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary\nThe Reds opened the season with a six-game winning streak, and stayed hot in their first twenty games, going 15\u20135, and were sitting in first place in the National League. Cincinnati then went on a six-game losing streak, falling to 15\u201311, and out of first place. The Reds never reclaimed first place; however, they finished the season strong, including a nine-game winning streak late in the year, to finish in second place with a 37\u201323 record, five games behind the first place Boston Red Caps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026295-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026295-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026295-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026296-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Cirencester by-election\nThe Cirencester by-election of 1878 was held on 12 March 1878. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, Allen Bathurst who became the sixth Earl Bathurst. It was won by the Conservative candidate Thomas William Chester-Master.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026297-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 City of Dunedin by-election\nThe 1878 City of Dunedin by-election was a by-election held  on 1 July 1878 in the City of Dunedin electorate in Dunedin during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. At the time the electorate had three members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026297-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 City of Dunedin by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, William Larnach. The winner was Richard Oliver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026298-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 City of Wellington by-election\nThe 1878 City of Wellington by-election was a by-election held in the multi-member City of Wellington electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament, on 18 February 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026298-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 City of Wellington by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of one of the two incumbent MPs, William Travers, and led to his replacement by George Elliott Barton as a form of protest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026299-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Colombian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in the United States of Colombia in 1878. The result was a victory for Juli\u00e1n Trujillo Largacha of the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026299-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Colombian presidential election, Electoral system\nThe 1863 constitution changed the electoral system from a direct vote to an indirect vote. The President was now elected on the basis of which candidate received the most votes in each state, with a candidate required to win in at least five of the nine states to be elected. If no candidate received a majority, Congress would elect the President from the main contenders. Following the tensions around the 1875 elections of the electoral college, constitutional reforms in 1876 ended the staggered nature of the college elections, requiring that all electors were elected on the same day across the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026300-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Colorado gubernatorial election\nThe 1878 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on October 1, 1878. Republican nominee Frederick Walker Pitkin defeated Democratic nominee William A. H. Loveland with 49.98% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026301-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Columbia football team\nThe 1878 Columbia football team represented Columbia University in the 1878 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026302-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1878 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1878. Republican nominee Charles B. Andrews defeated Democratic incumbent governor Richard D. Hubbard with 46.66% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026302-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nAs no candidate had won a majority of the vote, the Republican-controlled state legislature elected Andrews, who had received a plurality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026303-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Delaware gubernatorial election\nThe 1878 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1878. Incumbent Democratic Governor John P. Cochran was unable to seek re-election. Former State Senator John W. Hall ran as the Democratic nominee to succeed Cochran. The Republican Party, chastened by its long string of defeats, failed to run a statewide candidate. Instead, the Greenback Party stepped in, and Kensey Johns Stewart ran as the Greenback nominee. The absence of the Republican Party on the ballot caused turnout to crash, and Hall defeated Stewart by the largest margin in state history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026303-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Delaware gubernatorial election, Bibliography\nThis Delaware elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026304-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Down by-election\nThe Down by-election of 1878 was fought on 17 May 1878. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, James Sharman Crawford. It was won by the Conservative candidate Viscount Castlereagh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026305-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 East Macquarie colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Macquarie on 1 February 1878 because of the resignation of Sir John Robertson who had also been elected to Mudgee on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026306-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 East Maitland colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Maitland on 5 June 1878 because of the death of Stephen Scholey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026307-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 East Somerset by-election\nThe East Somerset by-election of 1878 was held on 20 March 1878. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Richard Bright. It was won by the Conservative candidate Sir Philip Miles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026308-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 English cricket season\n1878 was the 92nd season of cricket in England since the foundation of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). The first official tour by an Australian team was undertaken, although it played no Test matches. A match at Old Trafford inspired a famous poem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026308-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed. Middlesex, Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire were all seen as having some claims to the \"Championship\", but the general consensus was that none of these teams could claim superiority", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026309-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 FA Cup Final\nThe 1878 FA Cup Final was a football match between Wanderers and Royal Engineers on 23 March 1878 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the seventh final of the world's oldest football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (known in the modern era as the FA Cup). Wanderers had won the Cup in the previous two seasons and on four previous occasions in total, including the first FA Cup Final, in 1872, in which they defeated the Engineers. The Engineers had also won the Cup, having defeated Old Etonians in the 1875 final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026309-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 FA Cup Final\nWanderers, who were considered firm favourites to win the Cup for the third consecutive season, took the lead after only five minutes through Jarvis Kenrick, but the Engineers quickly equalised. The cup-holders regained their lead before half-time and added a third goal after the interval to secure a 3\u20131 victory. Under the original rules of the competition, the Cup was retired and presented to the club on a permanent basis to mark their third straight win, but the Wanderers returned the Cup to The Football Association on the condition that it never again be won outright by any club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026309-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nWanderers were the reigning cup holders and had also won the tournament in 1872, 1873 and 1876. In the first of these victories they had defeated the Royal Engineers. The Engineers had won the competition in 1875. Both teams entered the competition at the first round stage. Wanderers were allocated a home tie against Panthers and easily defeated their opponents 9\u20131, proceeding to the second round where they were paired with High Wycombe and again recorded a high-scoring victory, winning 9\u20130. Their opponents in the third round, Barnes, proved stronger opposition, particularly as key players such as Hon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026309-0002-0001", "contents": "1878 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nArthur Kinnaird were unavailable for the cup-holders. The match ended in a 1\u20131 draw necessitating a replay, which Wanderers (back to full strength) won 4\u20131. In the quarter-finals Wanderers defeated Sheffield 3\u20130 and then, with an uneven number of teams remaining in the competition, the team received a bye into the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026309-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 FA Cup Final, Route to the final\nThe Engineers' scheduled first round opponents were Highbury Union, but they withdrew from the competition, giving the Engineers a walkover victory. The \"Sappers\", as the Royal Engineers regiment is traditionally nicknamed, went on to defeat Pilgrims 6\u20130 and Druids 8\u20130, with hat-tricks in both matches from Lieut. Robert Hedley, to reach the quarter-finals where their opponents were 1874 cup-winners Oxford University. The initial match finished in a 3\u20133 draw, and the replay also finished without a victor, ending 2\u20132. Finally, the Engineers emerged victorious in a second replay, winning 4\u20132. This set up a semi-final match against Old Harrovians, the team for former pupils of Harrow School. The match was played at Kennington Oval and the Engineers reached the final by defeating the Harrovians 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 843]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026309-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nWanderers, who were considered the firm favourites by the book-makers, won the coin toss and chose to defend the Harleyford Road end of The Oval. The match drew a crowd estimated at 4,500 spectators, the highest yet recorded for an FA Cup Final. Both teams played with two full-backs, two half-backs and six forwards; the team captains were the Hon. Arthur Kinnaird and Lieut. Robert Hedley. The cup-holders immediately dominated the game and Kinnaird quickly had an unsuccessful shot on goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026309-0004-0001", "contents": "1878 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nAfter only five minutes Henry Wace crossed the ball from a wide position and Jarvis Kenrick kicked the ball past the Engineers' goalkeeper Lieut. Lovick Friend to give the Wanderers the lead. Approximately ten minutes later, Wanderers goalkeeper James Kirkpatrick suffered a broken arm during a tussle on the goal-line, but managed to keep the ball out of the goal, and went on to play the remainder of the match despite his injury. In the 20th minute of the game, the Engineers scored an equalising goal. Some modern sources state that Lieut. William Morris scored the goal, however contemporary newspaper reports in The Field, The Sporting Life and Bell's Life in London all state that Morris took a throw-in which led to a \"scrimmage\" or \"bully\" in front of the Wanderers' goal, out of which the ball was forced over the goal-line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 868]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026309-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nTowards the end of the first half, the Wanderers were awarded a free kick. Kinnaird took the kick, which led to a second goal for the cup-holders. Modern sources list Kinnaird as the goalscorer, but some contemporary reports suggest that, following his free kick, another \"scrimmage\" ensued in front of the Engineers' goal before the ball was forced over the line. Shortly after the half-time break, the Engineers' captain Robert Hedley appeared to have scored a goal, but it was disallowed due to an infringement of the offside rule. After around twenty minutes of the second half, Kenrick scored his second goal following some skilful play by Hubert Heron, giving Wanderers a 3\u20131 lead which they retained until the end of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 767]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026309-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nAs was the norm until 1882, the winning team did not receive the trophy at the stadium on the day of the match, but later in the year at their annual dinner. Under the original rules of the competition, if a team won the Cup three times in succession, it would be retired and become their \"absolute property\". Wanderers secretary C. W. Alcock, however, returned the Cup to The Football Association on the condition that the rule be removed and no other team permitted to win the Cup outright. The only other team to win the Cup in three successive seasons to date is Blackburn Rovers, who won it three times in a row in the 1880s. On that occasion the club was presented with a commemorative shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026309-0007-0000", "contents": "1878 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nThree weeks after the Cup final, Wanderers played Scottish Cup winners Vale of Leven at Kennington Oval in a match for the unofficial \"championship of Britain\". In front of a crowd of around 2,000 spectators, Wanderers turned in what was regarded by the press as a sub-standard performance and were defeated 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026310-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Flint Boroughs by-election\nThe Flint Boroughs by-election of 1878 was fought on 5 July 1878. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Peter Ellis Eyton. It was won by the Liberal candidate John Roberts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026311-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Franklin by-election\nThe 1874 Franklin by-election was a by-election held on 20 May 1878 in the Franklin electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026311-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Franklin by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Hugh Lusk on 16 April 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026311-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Franklin by-election\nAt the nomination meeting, Richard Hobbs of Pokeno was put forward. As there were no other nominations, he was declared duly elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026312-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Geelong Football Club season\nThe 1878 season was the second in which Geelong competed in the Victorian Football Association. Geelong finished the season as premiers despite only playing four matches against other senior opponents. Geelong finished the season by winning a play-off against the best metropolitan club, Melbourne. The result was five goals to one, winning the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026313-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 German federal election\nFederal elections were held in Germany on 30 July 1878. The National Liberal Party remained the largest party in the Reichstag, with 97 of the 397 seats. Voter turnout was 63.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026314-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Grand National\nThe 1878 Grand National was the 40th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 29 March 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026315-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Greenock by-election\nThe Greenock by-election of 1878 was fought on 25 January 1878. The by-election was called due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, James Johnston Grieve. It was won by the Liberal candidate James Stewart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026316-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Grey Valley by-election\nThe 1878 Grey Valley by-election was a by-election held on 22 May 1878 during the 6th New Zealand Parliament in the West Coast electorate of Grey Valley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026316-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Grey Valley by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Martin Kennedy on 13 April 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026316-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Grey Valley by-election\nHe was opposed by William Henry Harrison (who had been elected for the electorate in the 1871 election) and John Barrowman; Heber Newton withdrew but got 25 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026317-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Haddington Burghs by-election\nThe Haddington Burghs by-election of 1878 was fought on 3 August 1878. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Sir Henry Ferguson Davie. It was won by the Liberal candidate Lord William Hay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026318-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1878 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1878 college football season. They finished with a 1\u20132 record. The team captain, for the second consecutive year, was Livingston Cushing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026318-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Harvard Crimson football team\nOn November 9, 1878, Harvard opened its football season with a victory over Amherst at Boston's South End Grounds. Harvard scored three goals and three touchdowns and held Amherst scoreless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026318-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Harvard Crimson football team\nOn November 16, Harvard lost to Princeton in a game played before approximately 1,000 spectators at the Boston Baseball Grounds. The New York Herald called it \"a magnificent contest.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026318-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Harvard Crimson football team\nOne week later, on November 23, Harvard lost to Yale before 700 spectators at the Boston Baseball Grounds. Yale won on a kick for goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026319-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Hereford by-election\nThe Hereford by-election of 1878 was fought on 14 March 1878. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Evan Pateshall. It was won by the Conservative candidate George Arbuthnot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election\nThe Hokitika by-election 1878 was a by-election held in the multi-member Hokitika electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament, on 26 June 1878. The by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP Charles Button and was won by Seymour Thorne George, who defeated Gerard George Fitzgerald. Thorne George was suggested as a candidate by the premier, Sir George Grey; he was the Premier's nephew, and lived in the North Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election, Background\nButton had first been elected to the House of Representatives in the 1876 general election. He had contested the two-member Hokitika electorate with four other candidates, and as the second-highest polling candidate, he was successful; the other successful candidate was Edmund Barff. When Hokitika electorate constituents passed a resolution in 1878 that thanked Button but expressed regret that he did not support Sir George Grey, Button handed in his resignation on 22 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election, Candidates\nElectors presented a petition to Robert Reid, asking to allow him to be nominated, but he declined as his business affairs needed his attention. Reid had been one of the candidates in the 1876 election, and had been narrowly beaten into third place. Another person asked to stand was the shop keeper and lay preacher D. W. Virtue, but he also declined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election, Candidates\nA local newspaper, the West Coast Times, mentioned that whilst Gerard George Fitzgerald was apparently interested, he would stand no chance. The newspaper was dismissive of Fitzgerald (\"would not be likely to meet with general support\") and questioned whether the returning officer would even accept his nomination; this referred to his bankruptcy earlier in the year. Fitzgerald was the first to formally declare his candidacy on 10 June 1878 by placing an advertisement in the West Coast Times. The following day, the West Coast Times ran the most critical editorial about Fitzgerald:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election, Candidates\nThe electors are now asked to return a gentleman to Parliament who is rightly considered unfit for the public service, who was, in fact, if not in name, dismissed for conduct for which there is no excuse. He is quite competent to be a member of the House, but incompetent to sit on the Magistrate's Bench! Is Parliament become a refuge for the destitute? Is the Insolvency Court a half-way house to the Legislature? Does a long experience of questionable company tend to qualify a man to represent a large constituency in Parliament? Mr Fitzgerald is well known to every one in Hokitika and on the Coast. Why should he show his contempt for this constituency by offering them his services?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election, Candidates\nThe premier at the time, Sir George Grey, was very popular with people on the West Coast. Robert Reid was a strong supporter of Grey, and Reid owned the West Coast Times' from 1874 to 1883, doing everything he could to support the Grey administration. A Hokitika man enquired by telegram whether Grey could recommend a good candidate from outside the area. Sir George replied:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election, Candidates\nMy nephew Seymour Thorne George would be glad to represent your district if you sent him a requisition asking him to do so. He was with me when I visited your district in February last. G. Grey", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0007-0000", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election, Candidates\nThe Grey River Argus was most critical of this situation. Thorne George, at the time in his mid-20s, was described by them as a \"perfect nobody\". Thorne George replied to the requisition by telegram from Wellington on 10 June, acceding to the request. He arrived in Hokitika by coach from Christchurch on 19 June and gave his first public speech on the following evening in the Hokitika town hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0008-0000", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election, Candidates\nRichard Seddon, who had contested the 1876 election coming fourth, was noted as not being inclined to run in the by-election. Like Fitzgerald, Seddon was in financial difficulties and a few months later, in October, he filed for bankruptcy. As a staunch liberal and supporter of George Grey, Seddon organised support for Thorne George.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0009-0000", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election, Candidates\nThere was also a discussion whether to ask Button to stand again. The West Coast Times argued that the vote passed at the meeting that resulted in his resignation may not have been representative. The newspaper reported on 14 June that Button had decided against contesting the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0010-0000", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election, Candidates\nAnother candidate was Andrew Cumming, a well-known individual and for some years trading in Hokitika. S. Croumbie-Brown of Kumara announced himself as a candidate. A staff member of the Kumara Times, he was virtually unknown in the district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0011-0000", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election, Nomination meeting and subsequent events\nThe hustings were erected outside the Hokitika Magistrate's Court building for the nomination meeting on 20 June at noon. Marcus Furlong South was the returning officer. Because of heavy rain, the nomination meeting was held inside the court, with the returning officer taking the bench. The merchant James Chesney nominated Thorne George, with the merchant Joseph Churches seconding the nomination. Fitzgerald was nominated by John Bevan and seconded by George Davidson, an engineer, blacksmiths and ironfounder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 67], "content_span": [68, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0011-0001", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election, Nomination meeting and subsequent events\nThe third person to be nominated was Croumbie-Brown, but by then, the rain had stopped and the waiting crowd demanded forcefully for the remaining affairs to be held on the hustings. The returning officer moved the affairs outside and asked for a show of hands, which he declared in favour of Fitzgerald. A formal poll was asked for on behalf of Croumbie-Brown. Fitzgerald then gave an address to the electors, and towards the end, it started raining again. The other two candidates said that they would not keep the electors while it was raining, and the proceedings were terminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 67], "content_span": [68, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0012-0000", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election, Nomination meeting and subsequent events\nCumming placed an advertisement the day after the nomination meeting giving reasons why he had withdrawn from the contest. Croumbie-Brown announced his resignation from the contest after a 22 June meeting held by Thorne George in Kumara in front of an alleged crowd of 1,200 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 67], "content_span": [68, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0013-0000", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election, Results\nPolling day was Wednesday, 26 June 1878, and voting was done between 9 am and 4 pm. The only polling booth in Hokitika was at the Magistrate's Court building, but 13 further booths were throughout the electorate. There were 1,673 votes cast in the election by secret ballot. A New Zealand census had been held in 1878 and this had resulted in an updated electoral roll for the Hokitika electorate of 1,823 names. The turnout was thus over 91% at the by-election. Fitzgerald had a small majority at the Hokitika booth, but overall Thorne George won the by-election with a majority of just over 5% of the votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026320-0014-0000", "contents": "1878 Hokitika by-election, Results\nThorne George represented the Hokitika electorate until the end of the parliamentary term. In the 1879 election, he announced that he would contest the Rodney electorate north of Auckland (where he was successful). There were four liberal candidates for the two seats in the Hokitika electorate, and Seddon sought and obtained an endorsement from George Grey for his candidacy: \"You are worthy; stand yourself.\" The opposition candidate Robert Reid and Seddon were returned for the Hokitika electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026321-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Hungarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Hungary between 5 and 14 August 1878. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 239 of the 413 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026322-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Indianapolis Blues season\nThe Indianapolis Blues were in the National League for only the 1878 season, after playing as an independent team in 1877. They finished in fifth place, one of just two teams to finish below .500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026322-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Indianapolis Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026322-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Indianapolis Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026322-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Indianapolis Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026322-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Indianapolis Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026323-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Invercargill by-election\nThe 1878 Invercargill by-election was a by-election during the 6th New Zealand Parliament in the Southland electorate of Invercargill. The by-election occurred following the resignation of MP George Lumsden and was won by Henry Feldwick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026323-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Invercargill by-election, Background\nGeorge Lumsden, who was first elected to represent Invercargill in the 1875 election, resigned in 1878. This triggered the Invercargill by-election, which was held on 17 July 1878. Two independent candidates contested the election, Henry Feldwick and James Walker Bain. Feldwick obtained 51.22% of the votes and was successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026324-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1878 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 22 July 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026324-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Invercargill mayoral election\nIncumbent mayor Joseph Hatch was defeated by former mayor George Lumsden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026325-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1878 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1878. Republican nominee John St. John defeated Democratic nominee John R. Goodin with 53.52% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026326-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1878 Kentucky Derby was the 4th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 21, 1878. Winning horse Day Star set a new Kentucky Derby record with a winning time of 2:37.25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026327-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Leith Burghs by-election\nThe Leith Burghs by-election of 1878 was fought on 29 January 1878. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Donald Robert Macgregor. It was won by the Liberal candidate Andrew Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026328-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Liechtenstein general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liechtenstein in April and May 1878. New elections were called after the Landtag was dissolved as part of the compromise between the representatives of the Oberland and Unterland regions during the 1877 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026328-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Liechtenstein general election\nStarting from this election, Landtag members were elected to represent their electoral districts and not Liechtenstein as a whole. The country was divided into two electoral districts; Oberland (with seven seats) and Unterland (with five seats).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026328-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Liechtenstein general election, Electors\nElectors were selected through elections that were held between 16 and 30 April. Each municipality had two electors for every 100 inhabitants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026328-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nThe election of Oberland's Landtag members and substitutes was held on 15 May in Vaduz. Of Oberland's 100 electors, 96 were present. Oberland elected seven Landtag members and four substitutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026328-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nThe election of Unterland's Landtag members and substitutes was held on 16 May in Mauren. All of Unterland's 60 electors were present. Unterland elected five Landtag members and two substitutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026329-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Liverpool Town Council election\nElections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Saturday 1 November 1878. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026329-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Liverpool Town Council election, Election result\nGiven the significant number of uncontested wards, these statistics should be read in that context.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026329-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 9, Great George\nCaused by John Hampden Jackson (Liberal, Great George, elected 1 November 1878) ceasing to be a Councillor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026329-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 13, St. Anne Street\nCaused by Thomas Hayes Sheen (Conservative, St. Anne Street, elected 1 November 1878) ceasing to be a Councillor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026330-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Londonderry County by-election\nThe Londonderry County by-election of 1878 was fought on 18 December 1878. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Richard Smyth. It was won by the Liberal candidate Sir Thomas McClure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026331-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Macedonian rebellion\nThe 1878 Macedonian rebellion (Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1878) was a Greek rebellion launched in opposition to the Treaty of San Stefano, according to which the bulk of Macedonia would be annexed to Bulgaria, and in favour of the union of Macedonia with the Kingdom of Greece. This followed the brief Greco-Turkish war of 1878 in which Greece had declared war on 2 February against the Ottoman Empire, only for the Greek forces to return to their bases shortly after crossing the border due to the intervention of the Great Powers and the signature of the Treaty of San Stefano.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026331-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Macedonian rebellion\nIt is reported that revolutionary outbreaks in the same year, are located alongside Macedonia in Epirus, Thessaly and Crete, seeking union with the Greek state. In Macedonia there was greater willingness and enthusiasm than in Thessaly. The revolution had two main foci in Macedonia, one was on Olympus, and the other in Vourinos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026331-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Macedonian rebellion, Events\nThe revolution of Olympus began in Litohoro on February 19, 1878 led by Kosmas Doumpiotis extended to the surrounding areas and drowned in blood by the Ottomans, with its tragic epilogue being the destruction of Litohoro on March 4 of that year. In the revolution of Litohoro, which was the forerunner to the uprisings across Macedonia, participated bodies from all the regions of Western and Central Macedonia, as well as Eastern Macedonia (mainly from Melnik).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026331-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Macedonian rebellion, Events\nThe uprising began on Mount Vourinos led by Anastasios Picheon. On February 18, 1878, rebels from different parts of western Macedonia formed, in the Vourinos settlement, the \"Provisional Government of Macedonian province of Elimeia\" seeking the abolition of the Treaty of San Stefano and the Association of Macedonia with Greece. The summer of 1878, about 15,000 armed men escalated a guerrilla war in the mountains of Western Macedonia from Kozani to Bitola. The revolutionaries of Western Macedonia had no help from the Greek state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026331-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Macedonian rebellion, Events\nIn northern Macedonia, rebellions went as far as Veles, where the chieftain Katrakos was acting with 50 men. After the suppression of the uprising, many Velesians were forced to resort to Thessaloniki. The revolt ended in the winter of that year due to bad weather and lack of organization.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026331-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 Macedonian rebellion, Aftermath\nThe Macedonian Revolution of 1878 did not achieve its purpose, but the opposition of the Greek population of Macedonia to the annexation to a Greater Bulgaria was documented internationally, and also the diplomatic position of Greece and those countries opposed to the Treaty of San Stefano was strengthened. So at the Treaty of Berlin in June 1878, the Macedonian territories remained Ottoman and were not annexed to Bulgaria. In response to this development, the Bulgarian population of Macedonia rose similarly in the autumn of 1878 in regions of Kresna and Razlog, but to no avail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026332-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Maldon by-election\nThe Maldon by-election of 1878 was fought on 11 December 1878. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, George Sandford. It was won by the Liberal candidate George Courtauld.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026333-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Manitoba general election\nThe 1878 Manitoba general election was held on December 18, 1878 to elect representatives to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026334-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Marlborough by-election\nThe Marlborough by-election of 1878 was fought on 31 January 1878. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Liberal MP, Lord Ernest Brudenell-Bruce. It was won by the Liberal candidate Lord Charles Brudenell-Bruce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026335-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1878 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026336-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 99th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1878 during the governorship of Alexander H. Rice. John B. D. Cogswell served as president of the Senate and John Davis Long served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026337-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Men's Tennis tour\nThe 1878 Men's tennis tour was composed of the second annual pre-open era tour. It now incorporated 6 tournaments staged in Great Britain and Ireland the Wimbledon championships was won by Patrick Francis Hadow defeating the challenger and defending champion Spencer Gore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026337-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 1: Challenge Round: the final round of a tournament, in which the winner of a single-elimination phase faces the previous year's champion, who plays only that one match. The challenge round was used in the early history of tennis (from 1877 through 1921), in some tournaments not all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026337-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 2:Tournaments in italics were events that were staged only once that season", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026338-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1878 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1878. Incumbent Republican Charles Croswell defeated Democratic nominee Orlando M. Barnes with 44.66% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026339-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Mid Somerset by-election\nThe Mid Somerset by-election of 1878 was fought on 19 March 1878. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Ralph Neville-Grenville. It was won by the Conservative candidate William Gore-Langton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026340-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Middlesbrough by-election\nThe Middlesbrough by-election, 1878 was a parliamentary by-election held on 5 July 1878 to elect a new Member of Parliament (MP) for the British House of Commons constituency of Middlesbrough in the North Riding of Yorkshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026340-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Middlesbrough by-election, Vacancy\nThe vacancy was caused by the death on 18 June 1878 of the town's Liberal MP, Henry Bolckow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026340-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Middlesbrough by-election, Vacancy\nThe town of Middlesbrough had been enfranchised by the Representation of the People Act 1867, and at the United Kingdom general election the industrialist Henry Bolckow had been elected unopposed as its first Member of Parliament (MP). In 1853, he had become the town's first mayor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026340-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Middlesbrough by-election, Candidates\nThe Conservative Party candidate was Samuel Sadler, the owner of a major chemicals business in the town, and Mayor of Middlesbrough in 1877. The Liberal Party selected Isaac Wilson, whose railway locomotive business had been merged in 1865 to Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. Wilson had been Mayor in 1854.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026340-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Middlesbrough by-election, Results\nThe result was a victory was for Wilson, who held the seat for the Liberal with a comfortable majority of 37.6% of the votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026340-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 Middlesbrough by-election, Aftermath\nWilson held the seat until he stood down at the 1892 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026340-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 Middlesbrough by-election, Aftermath\nSadler did not stand again until the 1895 general election, when he was also unsuccessful. But he finally won the seat at the 1900 general election, 22 years after the by-election. He was defeated at the 1906 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026341-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Middlesex by-election\nThe 1878 Middlesex by-election was held on 12 April 1878, due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Lord George Hamilton, becoming Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026342-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Milwaukee Grays season\nThe Milwaukee Grays were members of the National League for only the 1878 season, having played as an independent team in 1877. They finished in sixth place, one of only two teams to finish below .500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026342-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Milwaukee Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026342-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Milwaukee Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026342-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Milwaukee Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026342-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Milwaukee Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026343-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 New Brunswick general election\nThe 1878 New Brunswick general election was held in June 1878, to elect 41 members to the Post-Confederation 24th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The election was held before the adoption of party labels. John James Fraser was appointed premier of New Brunswick on May 4, 1878, following the resignation of George Edwin King, and led his government into the election weeks later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026343-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 New Brunswick general election\nOf forty-one MLAs(members of the Legislative Assembly), thirty-one were in support of the government, and ten formed the opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026344-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 New Ross by-election\nThe New Ross by-election of 1878 was fought on 17 December 1878. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, John Dunbar. It was won by the Conservative candidate Charles George Tottenham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026345-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 New York state election\nThe 1878 New York state election was held on November 5, 1878, to elect a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and one member of the New York State Senate to sit in the 102nd New York State Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026345-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 New York state election, History\nDue to the increase of the Governor's term to three years, in 1878 there was only one officer to be elected statewide: a judge of the Court of Appeals, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William F. Allen in June 1878. Samuel Hand had been appointed temporarily to fill the vacancy until the end of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026345-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 New York state election, History\nThe National Labor-Greenback convention met on July 23 and 24 at Syracuse, New York. T. C. Daily was President. Ex-Secretary of State Gideon J. Tucker (in office 1858-1859) was nominated for the Court of Appeals after the first ballot in which he had an equal number of votes as James Wright, a lawyer from Elmira, who withdrew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026345-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 New York state election, History\nAlthough the state convention of 1877 had given the State Committee the option to nominate a candidate for the Court of Appeals (this being the only statewide elected official this year) without calling a state convention, the Republican boss Conkling preferred to assemble one to have a new State Committee elected. The Republican state convention met on September 26 at Saratoga, New York. Roscoe Conkling was Temporary and Permanent Chairman. George F. Danforth was nominated for the Court of Appeals on the first ballot (vote: Danforth: 226, Joshua M. Van Cott 99, George W. Parsons 79).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026345-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 New York state election, Result\nThe Republican judge was elected due to the \"spoiler candidate\" Tucker who diverted a large number of votes in New York City from the Democratic to the Greenback ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026345-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 New York state election, Result\nRepublican Thomas Murphy was elected to the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026345-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 New York state election, Result\n97 Republicans 28 Democrats and 3 Greenbackers were declared elected to the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026346-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 New Zealand census\nThe 1878 New Zealand census was the first held in four years. Information is taken from the NZ census website. The population of New Zealand was 414,216.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026347-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Newcastle-under-Lyme by-election\nThe Newcastle-under-Lyme by-election of 1878 was fought on 23 August 1878. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Edmund Buckley. It was won by the Liberal candidate Samuel Rathbone Edge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026348-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Newfoundland general election\nThe 1878 Newfoundland general election was held in 1878 to elect members of the 13th General Assembly of Newfoundland in Newfoundland Colony. The Conservative Party led by William Vallance Whiteway formed the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026349-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 North Lancashire by-election\nThe North Lancashire by-election of 1878 was held on 8 April 1878. The by-election in the North Lancashire constituency was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Frederick Stanley, becoming Secretary of State for War and in the normal practice of the time, he vacated the seat in his appointment to the Cabinet, to be returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026350-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 North Staffordshire by-election\nThe North Staffordshire by-election of 1878 was fought on 24 April 1878. The byelection was fought due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, Charles Adderley. It was won by the Conservative candidate Robert William Hanbury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026351-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Nova Scotia general election\nThe 1878 Nova Scotia general election was held on 17 September 1878 to elect members of the 27th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Conservative Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026352-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Open Championship\nThe 1878 Open Championship was the 18th Open Championship, held 4 October at Prestwick Golf Club in Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Jamie Anderson won the Championship for the second successive year, by two strokes from runner-up Bob Kirk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026352-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Open Championship\nIn overcast weather with some rain, James Morris took the early lead with a first round of 50. Jamie Anderson, Bob Kirk and the English amateur John Ball each scored 53, to be three shots behind. Morris began the second round badly and finished with a 56 for a total of 106. Anderson, with a second round of 53, was tied with him, while Bob Kirk and Tom Morris, Sr. were both two strokes behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026352-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Open Championship\nMorris was in the third group out and had a final round 55 for a total of 161. Playing a few groups behind, Anderson began his third round with two sevens, but thereafter played steadily. With Morris finished he was told that he needed to play the last four holes in 17 to tie with Morris. At the Burn Hole (the 9th) he holed a full iron shot for a three, followed this with a four at the 10th, and at the Short Hole (the 11th) his tee shot landed on top of the hill behind the green.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026352-0002-0001", "contents": "1878 Open Championship\nThe ball then ran down the hill and into the hole for a hole-in-one. A five at the last gave him a round of 51 and a total of 157. Bob Kirk, playing in the last group, was still in contention. On the last green he was told that if he holed his long putt he would tie Anderson. The putt lipped out and he missed the return putt but his score of 159 was enough to give him second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026352-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Open Championship, Final leaderboard, Playoff\nBall and Martin had a 12-hole playoff later the same day. Martin scored 55 to Ball's 64 and took fourth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 50], "content_span": [51, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026353-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Oregon gubernatorial election\nThe 1878 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on June 3, 1878 to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. The election matched Republican Cornelius C. Beekman against Democrat William Wallace Thayer, with Thayer defeating Beekman by a very small margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026354-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Oxford University by-election\nThe Oxford University by-election of 1878 was fought on 13\u201317 May 1878. The byelection was fought due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, Gathorne Hardy. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Gilbert Talbot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026355-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Oxfordshire by-election\nThe Oxfordshire by-election of 1878 was fought on 5 February 1878. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Joseph Warner Henley. It was won by the Conservative candidate Edward William Harcourt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026356-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Parnell by-election\nThe 1878 Parnell by-election was a by-election held on 20 February 1878 in the Parnell electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026356-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Parnell by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Reader Wood on 21 January 1878, to go to England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026356-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Parnell by-election\nThe by-election was won by Reader Wood, who had held the seat from 1861 to 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026356-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Parnell by-election\nAs no other candidates were nominated, he was declared duly elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026357-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1878 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1878 college football season. They finished with a 1\u20132\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026358-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election\nThe 1878 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on November 5, 1878. Incumbent governor John F. Hartranft, a Republican, was not a candidate for re-election. Republican candidate Henry M. Hoyt defeated Democratic candidate Andrew H. Dill and Greenback candidate Samuel R. Mason to become Governor of Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026358-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election\nThis election extended the governor's term from three to four years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026359-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Perth by-election\nThe Perth by-election of 1878 was fought on 29 January 1878. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Liberal MP, Arthur Kinnaird. It was won by the Liberal candidate Charles Stuart Parker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026360-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Perthshire by-election\nThe Perthshire by-election of 1878 was fought on 2 February 1878. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir William Stirling-Maxwell. It was won by the Conservative candidate Henry Home-Drummond-Moray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026361-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Peterborough by-election\nThe Peterborough by-election of 1878 was fought on 29 October 1878. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, George Hammond Whalley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026362-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Port Chalmers by-election\nThe 1878 Port Chalmers by-election was a by-election held on 12 April 1878 in the Port Chalmers electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026362-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Port Chalmers by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Reynolds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026362-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Port Chalmers by-election, Results\nThe following table gives the election result (possibly missing one booth, but no later result has been found):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026363-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 13 October 1878. The result was a victory for the Regeneration Party, which won 97  seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026364-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1878 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1878 college football season. The team finished with a 6\u20130 record and allowed only one goal. The Tigers were retroactively named national champions by the Billingsley Report, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis. This season marked Princeton's eighth national championship, and one of 11 in a 13-year period between 1869 and 1881. The team's captain was Bland Ballard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026365-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Providence Grays season\nThe Providence Grays were a new franchise that joined the National League for the 1878 baseball season. They finished in third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026365-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026365-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026365-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026365-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election\nThe 1878 Quebec general election was held on May 1, 1878 to elect members of the 4th Legislative Assembly for the Province of Quebec, Canada. The result was a hung parliament, with no party having a clear majority. Only one seat divided the two major parties, the Quebec Conservative Party and the Quebec Liberal Party. The balance of power was held by two Independent Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election\nThe incumbent premier, Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbini\u00e8re, was able to form a minority government with the support of the Independent Conservatives, even though the Conservative Party had one seat more than the Liberals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election, Political events\nThe election was called in unusual circumstances. On March 8, 1878, the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec, Luc Letellier de Saint-Just, dismissed the Conservative premier, Charles Boucher de Boucherville, in a dispute over proposed railway legislation. The Lieutenant Governor then appointed Joly de Lotbini\u00e8re, the leader of the Liberals, as premier. Since the Conservatives still maintained a substantial majority in the Legislative Assembly, on March 22, 1878 Joly de Lotbini\u00e8re requested the dissolution of the Assembly and a general election, which Letellier de Saint-Just ordered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election, Political events\nThe election was fought in part over economic issues and in part over the actions of the Lieutenant Governor, who was criticised by the Conservatives for having installed Joly de Lotbini\u00e8re by a coup d'\u00e9tat. One of the leading Conservatives, Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, opened his campaign with the slogan:  \"Silence the voice of Spencer Wood [the residence of the Lieutenant Governor] and let the mighty voice of the people speak.\" Joly de Lotbini\u00e8re agreed that the people should decide, and campaigned on the slogan \u201cThe province must choose between direct taxation and economy.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election, Political events\nFollowing the election results, Joly de Lotbini\u00e8re was able to stay in office for one year as the leader of a minority government supported by the Independent Conservatives, even though the Conservative Party had one more seat than the Liberals. In 1879, he was defeated in the Assembly by the Conservatives, who formed a minority government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election, Electoral map\nThe Legislative Assembly was composed of sixty-five single-member constituencies or \"ridings\". The 1878 election was conducted under the pre-Confederation electoral map of the former Province of Canada. That map had set the boundaries for the sixty-five constituencies of Canada East, which became Quebec. The British North America Act, 1867 provided that the pre-Confederation electoral map would continue to be used for Quebec elections until altered by the Legislature of Quebec. The map of the sixty-five constituencies was also to be used in federal elections, until altered by Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 43], "content_span": [44, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Secret ballot\nThe election was conducted under The Quebec Election Act, a provincial statute. It was the second election where the secret ballot was used in Quebec.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0007-0000", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Preparation of voter lists\nThe Act required that each municipality prepare a voter list in March of each year, based on the valuation of property and ownership used for the tax rolls. The list was drawn up the secretary-treasurer of each municipality. The municipal council then reviewed the list and could make corrections to it. Once approved by the municipal council, the list was in force until the preparation of the list in the next year. Any person who was dissatisfied by their inclusion or exclusion from the list could appeal to the local judge of the superior court or district magistrate, whose decision on the issue was final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0008-0000", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Procedure for the election\nThe election began with a proclamation issued by the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec, setting the date for nomination of candidates. The date was the same for all constituencies. The provincial Clerk of the Crown in Chancery then issued sixty-five writs, directed to the Returning Officer for each constituency, directing them to conduct the election. The Returning Officer would be the registrar or sheriff of the constituency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0009-0000", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Procedure for the election\nOn the date set for nominations, the Returning Officer would hold a public meeting to receive nominations. The meeting was conducted at the most central and convenient location in the constituency, in a court house, city hall or registry office, between noon and one o'clock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0010-0000", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Procedure for the election\nTo be nominated, a candidate had to file a nomination paper with the Returning Officer, signed by at least twenty-five supporters eligible to vote in the constituency, and accompanied with a deposit of $200. The nomination paper and deposit had to be filed on or before the nomination meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0011-0000", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Procedure for the election\nIf only one nomination was received, the Returning Officer would declare that person to be elected, and immediately report the result to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery with the return of the writ. If two or more candidates were nominated, voting would occur one week after the nomination date set in the writ. The Returning Officer would establish polling stations throughout the constituency. On polling day, the polls would open in each station and voters would cast their ballots in the locked ballot box.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0011-0001", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Procedure for the election\nWhen the polls closed, the deputy returning officers would unlock the ballot box, count the ballots in the presence of the candidates or their agents, and prepare a record of the vote. The deputy returning officer would then place all of the records and ballots in the ballot box, lock it, and deliver the ballot box to the Returning Officer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0012-0000", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Procedure for the election\nOnce all the ballot boxes were received, the Returning Officer would open all the ballot boxes in the presence of witnesses and total the votes from each polling station. The Returning Officer would declare the candidate with the most votes elected. If there was a tie between the top two candidates, the Returning Officer was required to give a written casting vote immediately to decide the election. In no other circumstances could the Returning Officer vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0013-0000", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election, Procedure for the election\nThe Returning Officer would then prepare a complete report of the results of the election, along with his return of the writ, and forward it all to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026366-0014-0000", "contents": "1878 Quebec general election, Results\nThe election resulted in a hung parliament: neither of the parties had a majority. Two Independent Conservatives were elected, who held the balance of power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026367-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Queensland colonial election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Queensland between 4 November 1878 and 10 December 1878 to elect the members of the state's Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026367-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Queensland colonial election, Key dates\nDue to problems of distance and communications, it was not possible to hold the elections on a single day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026368-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Reading by-election\nThe Reading by-election of 1878 was fought on 17 May 1878. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Sir Francis Goldsmid. It was won by the Liberal candidate George Palmer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026369-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1878 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 3, 1878. Incumbent Republican Charles C. Van Zandt defeated Democratic nominee Isaac Lawrence with 58.12% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026370-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Rochester by-election\nThe Rochester by-election of 1878 was fought on 14 June 1878. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Philip Wykeham Martin. It was won by the Liberal candidate Arthur Otway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026371-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Roslyn by-election\nThe 1878 Roslyn by-election was a by-election for the electorate of Roslyn on 29 July 1878 in Dunedin during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026371-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Roslyn by-election\nThe by-election resulted from the resignation of the previous member Arthur John Burns on 28 June 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026371-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Roslyn by-election\nThe by-election was won by Henry Driver, who had previously held the seat from 1869 to 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026371-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Roslyn by-election\nHe was opposed by Archibald Hilson Ross, who claimed that Driver (who denied it) \"shouted\" electors with drinks. Ross represented Roslyn from 1884 to 1890 and was Mayor of Dunedin from 1880 to 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026372-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1878 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1878 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 1\u20132\u20131 record, scored one point, and allowed six points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026372-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe team had no coach, and its captain was Thomas Fitz-Randolph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026373-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 SAFA season\nThe 1878 South Australian Football Association season was the 2nd season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026373-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 SAFA season\nThe SAFA competition was contested by seven teams with the admission of Norwood, after Bankers and Woodville folded at the end of 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026373-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 SAFA season\nEach team played each other twice this season, the first time a standardised fixture was in place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026373-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 SAFA season\nIn its first season, Norwood won their first premiership, going through the year undefeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026373-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 SAFA season, Pre season\nThe SAFA clubs played inter club matches on 4 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026373-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 SAFA season, Pre season\nAn additional pre season game was played between some South Australian and Victorian residents who live in Adelaide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026373-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 SAFA season, Premiership season\nPremiership matches are those that took place after 11 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026373-0007-0000", "contents": "1878 SAFA season, Premiership season, Round 4\nThe Port Adelaide vs. Victorian game was called off due to bad weather and rescheduled for 6 July despite Port kicking a goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 45], "content_span": [46, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026374-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1878 Scottish Cup Final was the fifth final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1877\u201378 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The match was played at Hampden Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 30 March 1878 and was watched by a crowd of 5,000 spectators. The final was contested by the defending champions Vale of Leven and 3rd Lanark RV who had never won the cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026374-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Scottish Cup Final\nScotland international forward John McDougall scored the only goal of the game after 65 minutes to give Vale of Leven a 1\u20130 victory and a second successive cup triumph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026374-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nFor both defending champions Vale of Leven and 3rd Lanark RV, the 1878 final marked their second appearance in the Scottish Cup final. Vale of Leven had beaten Rangers in the 1877 final while 3rd Lanark RV lost to the defending champions, Queen's Park, in 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026374-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nThe teams' only prior meeting was in the previous season's competition when Vale of Leven recorded a 1\u20130 third-round win on their way to lifting the trophy for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026374-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final\nBoth teams progressed through six previous rounds to reach the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026374-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Vale of Leven\nVale of Leven were given a walkover in the First Round of the cup, before being handed a second round tie away at Dumbarton. They drew 1\u20131 at Dumbarton before sealing a 4\u20131 victory in the replay. Vale progressed through the third round with a 3\u20130 win over Lennox to secure a fourth round tie against Rangers. The first match ended in a goalless draw, but Rangers were soundly beaten 5\u20130 in the replay at home. A convincing 10\u20130 win over Jordanhill followed in the fifth round to set up a quarter-final match against Parkgrove. Vale of Leven won 5\u20130 and were then given a bye in the semi-final stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026374-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, 3rd Lanark RV\n3rd Lanark RV's cup campaign began with a 1\u20130 win away at Clyde to give the team a second round tie against Derby, who they defeated 11\u20130 at Cathkin Park. The team secured a 1\u20130 victory at home to Queen's Park in the third round. In the fourth round, 3rd Lanark RV again won at home, this time defeating Govan 7\u20130. They were then again handed a home tie in the fifth round and were again victorious, beating Beith 4\u20130. 3rd Lanark RV beat South Western 2\u20131 in the quarter-final before eventually overcoming Renton after two replays in the semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026375-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 South Australian colonial election\nColonial elections were held in South Australia from 29 March to 30 April 1878. All 46 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026375-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 South Australian colonial election\nSince the inaugural 1857 election, no parties or solid groupings had been formed, which resulted in frequent changes of the Premier. If for any reason the incumbent Premier of South Australia lost sufficient support through a successful motion of no confidence at any time on the floor of the house, he would tender his resignation to the Governor of South Australia, which would result in interested members declaring their intent to run for the vacant position. A parliamentary ballot would then take place, resulting in the member with the most votes being sworn in by the Governor as the next Premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026375-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 South Australian colonial election\nInformal groupings began and increased government stability occurred from the 1887 election. The United Labor Party would be formed in 1891, while the National Defence League would be formed later in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026376-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1878 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1878 to select the governor of South Carolina. Wade Hampton III was renominated by the Democrats and ran against no organized opposition in the general election to win reelection for a second two-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026376-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign\nUpon becoming governor after a prolonged struggle against Daniel Henry Chamberlain in the gubernatorial election of 1876, Wade Hampton adopted moderate racial policies and favored many Republican proposals. For instance, the state modified the agriculture lien law and passed a law giving counties the ability to mandate the fencing of livestock. Hampton also appointed many blacks to government positions and provided for more funds to be spent educating black children than white children.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026376-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign, Republican convention\nThe state Republican Party held their convention in Columbia on August 7 and August 8. The white Republican leaders opposed fielding a slate of candidates for statewide offices and even proposed a resolution to endorse Hampton. They felt that any opposition to Hampton would only encourage the Democrats to mount an aggressive and unified campaign. Instead, they proposed for the party to concentrate its resources on contesting the local races in hopes that the Democrats would not vigorously contest those elections due to lack of competition at the state level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 75], "content_span": [76, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026376-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign, Republican convention\nHowever, many prominent black Republicans favored fielding a slate of statewide candidates and launch an all out campaign against the Democrats. The sentiment among the delegates favored this position, but party chairman, Robert B. Elliott, and other Republican leaders managed to convince the delegates the futility of fielding a statewide campaign. When a resolution was offered to pledge the Republican Party to field a state ticket, it was defeated by a vote of 85-35. The platform of the party adopted at the convention merely stated that a full slate was inexpedient because it was \"impossible for Republican voters to organize and vote without incurring great personal danger\". Thus, the campaign of 1878 for the Republicans was left up to the county organizations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 75], "content_span": [76, 848]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026376-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign, Fusion\nAn attitude of apathy and defeatism swept through the Republican camp and most were resigned to the inevitable destruction of the party. One leader commented that it was highly unlikely \"that the Republicans could succeed without federal troops in 1878 where they had failed with them in 1876.\" Several Republican county organizations passed resolutions supporting Hampton's reelection for governor and even endorsed Democratic candidates for county offices. For example, in Marion County the Republicans placed five out of nine Democratic candidates on their ticket in a policy of fusion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026376-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign, Democratic division\nThroughout Hampton's first term in office, he appealed for political harmony between the races. Hampton carried out his pledge to ensure equal rights between the races and he appointed more black men to office than Chamberlain had during his term as governor. The more militant faction of the Democratic Party, led by Martin Gary, was entirely against any cooperation with blacks and instead sought to remove blacks completely from political life. The Edgefield County Democrats would not acknowledge any black Democratic clubs and they prevented blacks from participating in the primary elections. Hampton publicly refuted this policy and no other county followed suit. Nevertheless, new laws were enacted by the General Assembly in 1877 to make it harder for blacks to participate and vote in the electoral process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 73], "content_span": [74, 891]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026376-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held on November 5, 1878 and Wade Hampton was reelected as governor of South Carolina with no organized opposition, although there was much more electoral fraud and violence than the election in 1876. For instance, on Edisto Island where 1,000 Republicans and 50 Democrats resided, the polls never opened. The Red Shirts in Fairfield County physically beat anyone who dared vote for a Republican. Combined with the lack of a Republican candidate and new prohibitive voting laws, turnout was not surprisingly much less than the 1876 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026377-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 South Northumberland by-election\nThe South Northumberland by-election of 1878 was fought on 17 April 1878. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, Lord Eslington. It was won by the Conservative candidate Edward Ridley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026378-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Southampton by-election\nThe Southampton by-election of 1878 was fought on 14 June 1878. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Russell Gurney. It was won by the Conservative candidate Alfred Giles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026379-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 St. Croix labor riot\nThe 1878 St. Croix labor riot, locally also known as Fireburn, was a labor riot on Saint Croix, one of the Virgin Islands, then part of the Danish West Indies. The revolt started on October 1, 1878 and was suppressed after several days of looting and burning. Among the leaders were several women \u2013 \"Queen Mary\" Thomas, \"Queen Agnes\" Salomon, and \"Queen Mathilda\" McBean \u2013 who became known as \"Queens of the Fireburn\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026379-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 St. Croix labor riot, Events leading up to the riot\nIn July 1848, the slaves of Danish West Indies staged a protest and gained their freedom. This freedom would be short-lived, as plantation owners quickly began devising new regulations. The now free laborers were forced, by law, to sign contracts which bound them and their families to the plantations on which they worked. By signing these contracts, the laborers became slaves again, in all but name.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 56], "content_span": [57, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026379-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 St. Croix labor riot, Contract Day\nIn October 1878, laborers gathered in Frederiksted to demand higher wages and better working conditions. Although it was initially a peaceful gathering, the crowd began to become violent after rumors circulated, including a rumor that a laborer had been hospitalized, but was mistreated and died in police custody. The rioters threw stones and the Danish soldiers retaliated with gunfire. As violence escalated, the soldiers barricaded themselves inside a fort. Unable to scale the gates to access the fort, the rioters turned their focus on the town and began looting the town, using torches to burn many buildings and plantations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026379-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 St. Croix labor riot, Contract Day\nOn October 4, British, French, and American warships arrived and offered to help stop the riot. However, Governor Garde was confident he and his men had the situation under control, and turned the ships away, though some soldiers borrowed guns from the British ships. The next day, the Governor ordered all laborers to return to their plantations or be declared \"rebels\". Laborers were forbidden from leaving their plantations without written permission from the plantation owner. By mid-October, the riot had died down and peace was returning to the islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026379-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 St. Croix labor riot, Queens of the Fireburn\nAmong the prominent leaders of the riot were three women, Mary \"Queen Mary\" Thomas, \"Queen Agnes\", and \"Queen Mathilda.\" The three women were sentenced to jail, and served their terms in Denmark. A folk song from the 1880s, entitled \"Queen Mary\", was written about Mary's role in the riot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026379-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 St. Croix labor riot, Queens of the Fireburn\nIn 2004, historian Wayne James uncovered Danish documents, including photographs of the prison where the women served their sentences, a storybook they wrote, and \"a host of other historically significant documents and photos.\" According to him, these documents reveal the existence of a fourth \"queen,\" Susanna Abramsen, who was known as \"Bottom Belly.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026379-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 St. Croix labor riot, Aftermath\nThe riots caused great destruction to property on the islands. 879 acres were burned, and the damage caused was estimated at hundreds of thousands of dollars. Direct casualties of the riot include the deaths of 60 black laborers and two soldiers, and 14 women who died in an explosion. In addition, 12 laborers were condemned to death and hanged on October 5 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026379-0007-0000", "contents": "1878 St. Croix labor riot, Aftermath\nOne year after the events of Fireburn, in October 1879, new contracts were written which would supposedly increase wages for laborers. However, these contracts were weighted in favor of the plantation owners, and thus resulted in little to no improvement in the laborers' lives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026379-0008-0000", "contents": "1878 St. Croix labor riot, Legacy\nIn 2018 artists Jeannette Ehlers and La Vaughn Belle unveiled a 7 meters (23 ft)-tall statue of Mary Thomas, seated on a throne with a cane knife and torch. Its installation in Copenhagen made the statue Denmark's first public monument to a black woman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026379-0009-0000", "contents": "1878 St. Croix labor riot, Legacy\nThe Three Queens Fountain at Blackbeard's Castle, St. Thomas honors Queens Mary, Agnes, and Mathilda", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026379-0010-0000", "contents": "1878 St. Croix labor riot, Legacy\nT-shirt with Fireburn and Three Queens motif, St. Croix 2015", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026380-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Stevens football team\nThe 1878 Stevens football team was an American football team that represented Stevens Institute of Technology in the 1878 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20131\u20132 record and was outscored by a total of four goals to one. The team played its home games at the St. George's Cricket Club grounds in Hoboken, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026380-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Stevens football team, Game summaries, Princeton\nOn October 26, at 2:30 p.m., the Princeton football team played a football match against Stevens Institute of Technology and (with some participation from members of the St. George's Cricket Club). The game was played between teams of 15 players per side on the Princeton University grounds before a large crowd, including many carriages parked in the space outside the ropes. Princeton scored four goals and six touchdowns. Stevens did not score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 53], "content_span": [54, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026380-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Stevens football team, Game summaries, Princeton\nThe lineup for Stevens Institute was as follows: Spofford, Rosenbury, Dilworth, Clarke, Leib, Rosenberger, Denton, Dashill and Suydam as forwardss; Merritt, Connover, and Herrick as halfbacks; and Hysop, Pracay, and Moore as backs. Merritt was the Stevens team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 53], "content_span": [54, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026380-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Stevens football team, Game summaries, Rutgers\nOn October 30, the team from Stevens Institute played a match against the Rutgers College team in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The game ended in a scoreless tie with neither side scoring a goal or touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 51], "content_span": [52, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026380-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Stevens football team, Game summaries, Columbia\nOn November 5, Stevens was scheduled to play a match against the team from the College of the City of New York (CCNY) at St. George's Cricket Club grounds in Hoboken, New Jersey. The CCNY club did not show up, but a group of nine students from Columbia arrived and agreed to a \"scratch game\". Sides were chosen among the available players by Herrick of Stevens and Burton of Columbia. Burton's team scored three touchdowns, but neither team scored a goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026380-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 Stevens football team, Game summaries, Rutgers\nOn November 9, at 3:00 p.m., Stevens hosted Rutgers for a return match on the St. George's Cricket Club grounds. Neither team scored a touchdown or goal in the first or second halves. The sides agreed to an additional 10 minutes. Reisenberger recovered the ball beyond Rutgers' goal line for a touchdown, and Suydam kicked the goal giving Stevens the victory by one goal to none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 51], "content_span": [52, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026380-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 Stevens football team, Game summaries, Rutgers\nThe lineup for Stevens included Muller, Gowen, Ruh, Macauley, and Hasbrouck at the forward positions, Howe, See and Randolph at the halfback positions, and Voorhees and Norris as backs. Randolph was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 51], "content_span": [52, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026381-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Swarthmore Quakers football team\nThe 1878 Swarthmore Quakers football team represented Swarthmore College during the 1878 college football season. The team lost a game to Penn. The game had 45-minute halves and bore little resemblance to the modern game. Swarthmore was the 15th school to play football, and the second in the  state of Pennsylvania after Penn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026382-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Swedish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sweden in 1878 to elect the Second Chamber of the Riksdag for a three-year term. Following the elections, the Lantmanna Party remained the largest party, holding 92 of the 204 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026382-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Swedish general election\nDirect elections were held in 21 of the 24 urban constituencies and 73 of the 140 rural constituencies, an increase of four constituencies using direct elections. In the other 70 constituencies, the elections were indirect and carried out using electors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026382-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Swedish general election\nOf a total population of 4.5 million, only 270,337 people (6%) were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026383-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Swiss federal election\nFederal elections were held in Switzerland on 27 October 1878. The Radical Left remained the largest group in the National Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026383-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Swiss federal election, Electoral system\nThe 135 members of the National Council were elected in 48 single- and multi-member constituencies using a three-round system. Candidates had to receive a majority in the first or second round to be elected; if it went to a third round, only a plurality was required. Voters could cast as many votes as there were seats in their constituency. There was one seat for every 20,000 citizens, with seats allocated to cantons in proportion to their population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026383-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Swiss federal election, Results, National Council, Summary\nVoter turnout was highest in Schaffhausen (where voting was compulsory) at 95.1% and lowest in Schwyz at 26.7%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026384-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Taieri by-election\nThe 1878 Taieri by-election was a by-election held on 11 July 1878 during the 6th New Zealand Parliament in the electorate of Taieri in Otago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026384-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Taieri by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Donald Reid on 6 June 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026385-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Tamworth by-election\nThe Tamworth by-election of 1878 was fought on 24 April 1878. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent, Conservative MP, Robert William Hanbury, in order to contest North Staffordshire. It was won by the Liberal candidate Hamar Bass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026386-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Tariffville train crash\nThe Tariffville train crash was a railroad accident that occurred on January 15, 1878 on the Connecticut Western line, then a 69\u00a0mi (111\u00a0km) route linking Hartford and the Hudson Valley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026386-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Tariffville train crash\nOn January 15, 1878, around 10:00 PM, a passenger train returning from Hartford crossed the wooden bridge spanning the Farmington River at Tariffville, as one of the two main bridge spans collapsed, dropping two locomotives, one baggage car and three passenger coaches into the icy river. Some people from New Hartford hitching a ride between the cars were killed when they were thrown beneath the wreck. The wreck claimed 13 lives and injured more than 70, some severely. Many of the passengers were returning from a Protestant revival meeting in Hartford featuring well-known evangelist Dwight L. Moody.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026386-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Tariffville train crash\nResidents of Tariffville provided emergency assistance for passengers and provided them with dry clothing and shelter. Dr. D.P. Pelletier was the first Hartford surgeon notified of the accident. He went to a drug store on Capitol Avenue and used the store's telephone to summon other doctors for a relief train in what is possibly the first emergency telephone call. A special relief train carrying physicians and other rescue personnel was sent that became known as the \"Samaritan Special.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026387-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Timaru by-election\nThe 1878 Timaru by-election was a by-election held on 8 April in the Timaru electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026387-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Timaru by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Edward Stafford, who was retiring from politics. He was replaced by Richard Turnbull. As he was the only candidate nominated, he was declared elected. He did not support universal manhood suffrage as proposed by Sir George Grey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026388-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Truro by-election\nThe Truro by-election 1878 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons of the United Kingdom constituency of Truro on 26 September 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026388-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Truro by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Frederick Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026389-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida\nElections to the United States House of Representatives in Florida were held November 5, 1878 for the 46th Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026389-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background\nFor the first few post-Reconstruction elections in Florida, the Republicans dominated Congressional elections. The previous election was the first election in which a Democrat won on the initial results (a Republican victory was successfully contested by a Democrat after the 1870 and 1874 elections). Going into the election, Florida's delegation was split between one Republican and one Democrat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 76], "content_span": [77, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026389-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Contested election\nAs in the 1874 and 1876 elections, the results in the 2nd district were successfully contested. This time, Horatio Bisbee, Jr. (R) successfully challenged the election of Noble A. Hull (D), and was declared with victor with a vote of 11,194 - 10,844, serving in House January 22 - March 3, 1881", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 84], "content_span": [85, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026390-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1878 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 5, 1878 to select five Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. Two Democratic incumbents were re-elected, two Republican incumbents were defeated and the open seat was picked up by the Democrats. The composition of the state delegation after the election was solely Democratic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026390-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, Voter fraud\nSouth Carolina was one state rampant with voter fraud, particularly through the use of tissue ballots, thin ballots hidden in the normal ballot, typically 10 to 20 at a time. The almost statewide exclusion of Republicans as Commissioners of Elections, and the ensuing appointment of nearly all Democratic Managers of Elections, allowed to Democratic Managers to perpetrate this scheme. When the votes were counted and more votes than voters were found, the Managers removed and destroyed the Republican ballots resulting in the complete takeover of the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 84], "content_span": [85, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026390-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Joseph Rainey of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1870, was defeated by Democratic challenger John S. Richardson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026390-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Richard H. Cain of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1877, declined to seek re-election. Democrat Michael P. O'Connor, a contestant in the 1876 election, defeated Republican Edmund William McGregor Mackey in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026390-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman D. Wyatt Aiken of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1877, defeated Republican challenger J.F. Ensor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026390-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John H. Evins of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1877, defeated Republican challenger Alexander S. Wallace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026390-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Robert Smalls of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1875, was defeated by Democratic challenger George D. Tillman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026391-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 United States elections\nThe 1878 United States elections occurred in the middle of Republican President Rutherford B. Hayes's term, during the Third Party System. It was the first election following the end of the Reconstruction Era, and Redeemers had gained back control of most Southern governments following the Compromise of 1877. Members of the 46th United States Congress were chosen in this election. Democrats won control of the Senate for the first time since the start of the Civil War. Democrats lost a majority in the House, but retained a plurality and control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026391-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 United States elections\nIn the House, Democrats and Republicans both lost seats to the Greenback Party and a group of independent Democrats, with the Democrats retaining only a plurality. Democrat Samuel J. Randall won re-election as Speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026391-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 United States elections\nIn the Senate, Democrats picked up several seats, taking control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026392-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 VFA season\nThe 1878 Victorian Football Association season was the second season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club, after it defeated Melbourne in a playoff match on 5 October. It was the club's first VFA premiership, and the first in a sequence of three consecutive premierships won from 1878 to 1880. Geelong was unbeaten during the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026392-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 VFA season, Association membership\nThere were seven senior metropolitan clubs in the Association in 1878: Albert-park, Carlton, Essendon, Hotham, Melbourne, St Kilda and West Melbourne. Essendon and West Melbourne had been leading junior teams in 1877 and competed as seniors in 1878. Additionally, several provincial teams \u2013 including premiers Geelong \u2013 competed as senior clubs affiliated with the Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026392-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 VFA season, 1878 VFA premiership\nAmong the metropolitan clubs, Melbourne had the best record, finishing with eleven wins and five draws from its twenty-three matches, ahead of Carlton, whose record was seventeen wins and one draw from twenty-four matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026392-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 VFA season, 1878 VFA premiership\nDespite Carlton having a numerically superior record, at the time, Melbourne and Carlton were considered to be by far the strongest of the metropolitan clubs, with Melbourne's position as the top club based almost entirely on head-to-head matches between the two clubs, of which Melbourne won all four. Among the provincial clubs, Geelong was by far the strongest, having gone through the season undefeated with fifteen wins and one draw from sixteen matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026392-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 VFA season, 1878 VFA premiership\nHowever, Geelong had played only three games against metropolitan clubs (wins against Carlton, Hotham and Albert-park), while its provincial opponents were not considered as strong as the metropolitan competition, which gave rise to a dispute as to whether or not Geelong's record was strong enough to claim the premiership. To resolve the matter, Melbourne and Geelong scheduled a playoff match - the first in Association history - on 5 October, the week after the season was to have finished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026392-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 VFA season, 1878 VFA premiership\nGeelong won the playoff match by four goals to win the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026392-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 VFA season, 1878 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe below table details the playing records of the seven senior metropolitan clubs and Geelong in all matches during the 1878 season. Two sets of results are given:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026392-0007-0000", "contents": "1878 VFA season, 1878 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Australasian newspaper. The VFA had no formal process by which the clubs were ranked, so the below order should be considered indicative only, particularly since the fixturing of matches was not standardised; however, the top three placings were later acknowledged in publications including the Football Record and are considered official. The senior records include the premiership playoff match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026393-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1878 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 3, 1878. Incumbent Republican Horace Fairbanks, per the \"Mountain Rule\", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Redfield Proctor defeated Democratic candidate W. H. H. Bingham to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026394-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Waipa by-election\nThe 1878 Waipa by-election was a by-election held on 24 July 1878 during the 6th New Zealand Parliament in the electorate of Waipa in the Waikato.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026394-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Waipa by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Alfred Cox on 13 June 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026394-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Waipa by-election\nThe by-election was won by Edward Graham McMinn, described as a Government supporter. Special trains ran from Auckland to Mercer to poll the Auckland voters, with 60 to 70 availing themselves of this conveyance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026394-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Waipa by-election\nFrederick Alexander Whitaker opposed the government of George Grey. There were reportedly \"nearly forty natives on the roll, besides some ninety votes about Auckland\" (for whom the nearest polling booth was Newcastle). Whitaker lost the by-election, but won the seat in the 1879 election, and McMinn came third (Waipa voted on 10 September 1879).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026394-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Waipa by-election, Results\nThe following table gives the election result. Note that the Returning officer (in The New Zealand Herald report) had 243 votes for Whitaker and a majority for McMinn of 41; another report from the Otago Witness has 245 and 39 but does give subtotals by booth:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026395-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Wallingford tornado\nThe Wallingford Tornado was an F4 tornado that struck the town of Wallingford, Connecticut, on Friday, August 9, 1878. The violent tornado destroyed most of the town, killing about 34 people\u2014estimated totals varied\u2014and injuring at least 70, many severely. This was the deadliest tornado ever to strike the state of Connecticut, and the second deadliest ever in New England, after the Worcester tornado of 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026395-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Wallingford tornado, Before the storm\nThe storm system that eventually spawned the Wallingford tornado produced damaging winds and at least one tornado far before it reached the town. The first tornado from this storm system touched down in South Kent, unroofing houses, blowing down barns, and uprooting and tossing trees into the air. It moved steadily southeast for 12\u00a0mi (19\u00a0km), moving just south of New Preston, and then through Washington, before turning north and dissipating. The next path of damage started further north along the Shepaug River. It is unknown whether this was a tornado or straight-line winds, but the damage path continued southeast for three miles before disappearing again. More damage was reported near Waterbury, where a house was unroofed two miles west of the town. In the town itself, branches and chimneys were damaged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 860]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026395-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 Wallingford tornado, Before the storm\nAs the storm approached Wallingford, observers described a black, rolling funnel, with clouds blowing in from all directions. This system passed directly over Cheshire, producing a strong wind at the surface which caused some minor damage. The storm then moved directly towards Wallingford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026395-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 Wallingford tornado, The Wallingford tornado\nIn Wallingford, the day prior to the tornado was clear, and said to be \"one of the loveliest [days] of the season\". At around 5 p.m. the sky began to get dark, and by 5:30\u00a0p.m. the air was very black. At around 6 p.m., the air at the surface was calm, but lightning began to fill the sky, and the clouds began moving at a very rapid pace, frightening some residents into shelter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026395-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 Wallingford tornado, The Wallingford tornado\nThe tornado started at 6:15\u00a0p.m. local time as a waterspout over Community Lake, just west of town. It then moved through the center of town along Christian Street, damaging almost every structure as it went. The tornado tore houses from their foundations, throwing some more than 600 feet (180 meters). A receipt from the town was later found 65 miles (105\u00a0km) east in Peacedale, Rhode Island. Large trees were uprooted and snapped, and those that were still standing were stripped of small limbs and leaves. The Catholic Church was blown to bits, and heavy tombstones in the nearby cemetery were tossed around. The brand-new brick high school building was almost completely destroyed. The tornado's path through town was only two miles long, but the damage path was up to 600 feet (180 meters) wide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026395-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 Wallingford tornado, The Wallingford tornado\nMore tornadic damage was reported in southern Durham and Killingworth, with some homes severely damaged, but there were some minor injuries, one young woman in Killingworth was injured by shards of glass from a breaking window. Some sources insist that the Wallingford tornado dissipated a few miles west of the town, and this was an entirely separate tornado, but without a modern damage survey it is impossible to tell. The parent storm finally moved out over the ocean around 8 PM.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026395-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 Wallingford tornado, Aftermath\nA district schoolhouse was converted into a temporary morgue immediately after the storm; 21 bodies were discovered and placed there that night. One person was found dead 3300 feet (1\u00a0km) from where he had been standing. The tornado brought down telegraph lines and poles around the area, so assistance from physicians in nearby towns took more than an hour. More than 50 special police were sworn in to prevent looting, and to control the crowds of curious onlookers who had come by train from surrounding cities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026395-0007-0000", "contents": "1878 Wallingford tornado, Aftermath\nThirty five homes were completely destroyed, with many more being unroofed or receiving some sort of damage. Damage estimates were around $150,000 from buildings alone; utilities and railway facilities received a lot of damage as well. Final estimates were around $250,000 ($5.3 million when adjusted for inflation).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026395-0008-0000", "contents": "1878 Wallingford tornado, Aftermath\nTornadoes are not very uncommon in the state of Connecticut, but tornadoes of this power are rare. Though tornadoes have only been officially rated on the Fujita scale since 1950, this tornado has been estimated to be of F4-intensity on the scale. This would make it one of only three tornadoes of this intensity to ever affect the state, as of 2008. Thirty-four people were killed by the tornado\u2014thirty-one more than the second-deadliest Connecticut tornado\u2014and 70 others injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026395-0009-0000", "contents": "1878 Wallingford tornado, Aftermath\nThe tornado also devastated a branch of the Oneida Community that had operated in Wallingford from 1851 through 1878. The subsidiary community closed down and the members consolidated with the main community.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026396-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Welsh Cup Final\nThe 1878 Welsh Cup Final, was the 1st in the competition. It was contested by Wrexham and Druids at the Acton Park, Wrexham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026396-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Welsh Cup Final, Final\nThe final of the inaugural Welsh Cup tournament was played at Acton Park, Wrexham on 30 March 1878 between Wrexham and Druids of Ruabon. The pitch was donated by Sir R. A. Cunliffe, and was a roped off portion of land measuring 120 yards by 76. Entrance was gained via Rhosnessney Lodge with sixpence being charged for admission. The match was a cliffhanger, with no score until the Wrexham forwards charged the Druids' defenders to take the ball over the line to win the game in the final minute, with James Davies being credited with the goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026397-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 West Kent by-election\nThe West Kent by-election of 1878 was fought on 15 May 1878. The by-election was fought due to the resignation in order to contest Oxford University of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Gilbert Talbot. It was won by the Conservative candidate Viscount Lewisham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026398-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Wimbledon Championship\nThe 1878 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 15 July until 20 July. It was the 2nd staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1878. There were 34 competitors, excluding Spencer Gore who as champion was not required to participate until the best of the challengers had won the All comers' final. The winner of the All Comers' final was Frank Hadow, a planter from Ceylon who was on leave in Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026398-0000-0001", "contents": "1878 Wimbledon Championship\nHe defeated Robert Erskine, a friend of the family who had enticed him to participate in the championship, in straight sets 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 6\u20134. On 18 July 1878 Hadow defeated reigning champion Spencer Gore in three sets, 7\u20135, 6\u20131, 9\u20137 before a crowd of about 700 spectators. Hadow effectively introduced the tactic of lobbing to counter Gore's volleying game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026398-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 Wimbledon Championship\nThe height of the net was reduced from 5 feet (1.5\u00a0m) at the posts and 3\u00a0feet 3\u00a0inches (0.99\u00a0m) in the middle to 4\u00a0feet 9\u00a0inches (1.45\u00a0m) at the posts and 3 feet (0.91\u00a0m) in the middle. The distance of the service line from the net was reduced from 26 feet (7.9\u00a0m) to 22 feet (6.7\u00a0m). Arthur Myers was the first player to serve over hand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026399-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Wimbledon Championship \u2013 Singles\nFrank Hadow defeated Robert Erskine 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 in the All Comers' Final, and then defeated the reigning champion Spencer Gore 7\u20135, 6\u20131, 9\u20137 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1878 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026400-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Worcester by-election\nThe Worcester by-election of 1878 was fought on 28 March 1878. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Alexander Clunes Sheriff. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Derby Allcroft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026401-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1878 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1878 college football season. The Bulldogs finished with a 4\u20131\u20131 record. The team recorded five shutouts and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 7 to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026402-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 Yass Plains colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Yass Plains on 2 January 1878 because Michael Fitzpatrick was appointed Colonial Secretary in the Farnell ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and on this occasion the six other ministers were re-elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026403-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 York by-election\nThe York by-election of 1878 was a by-election held in England on 20 February 1878 for the House of Commons constituency of York. The byelection was held due to the incumbent Conservative MP, James Lowther, becoming Chief Secretary for Ireland. It was retained by the incumbent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026404-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States House of Representatives elections\nElections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1878 and 1879 for Representatives to the 46th United States Congress. These elections occurred in the middle of President Rutherford B. Hayes's term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026404-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States House of Representatives elections\nWith a sour economy as the nation's pressing issue, both major parties lost seats to the new Greenback Party, which was established to promote the long-term use of paper money as a solution to stop enormous economic fluctuations. The Democratic Party remained the largest party, but lost its majority. However, it allied with several independent politicians and was able to remain in power. This was the fourth and last recorded House election where both major parties lost seats at the same time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026404-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States House of Representatives elections, Election dates\nIn most states, the elections were held November 5, 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 78], "content_span": [79, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026404-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States House of Representatives elections, Election dates\nIn 1845, Congress set a uniform nationwide date for choosing presidential electors. This Act of Congress did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of state governments, but over time, the states moved their congressional elections to this date as well. In this cycle, there were still 7 states with earlier election dates, and 1 with a later election date:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 78], "content_span": [79, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026404-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States House of Representatives elections, Election dates\nCalifornia's elections were the last time a state held congressional general elections after November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 78], "content_span": [79, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026404-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States House of Representatives elections, Colorado\nPatterson successfully contested the election and was seated March 4, 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 72], "content_span": [73, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026404-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States House of Representatives elections, Florida\nIn the 2nd district the difference between the two candidates, in the initial returns, was just 22 votes. Bisbee challenged Hull's election, and Bisbee challenged Hull's electionwas eventually awarded the seat on January 22, 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 71], "content_span": [72, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026404-0007-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States House of Representatives elections, South Carolina\nSouth Carolina was rampant with voter fraud, particularly through the use of tissue ballots, thin ballots hidden in the normal ballot, typically 10 to 20 at a time. The almost statewide exclusion of Republicans as Commissioners of Elections, and the ensuing appointment of nearly all Democratic Managers of Elections, allowed to Democratic Managers to perpetrate this scheme. When the votes were counted and more votes than voters were found, the Managers removed and destroyed the Republican ballots resulting in the complete takeover of the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 78], "content_span": [79, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026405-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections\nThe United States Senate elections of 1878 and 1879 were elections which had the Democratic Party retake control of the United States Senate for the first time since before the Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026405-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections\nAs these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026405-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 45th Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were seated in 1879 before March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 104], "content_span": [105, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026405-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 46th Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1885; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026405-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 46th Congress\nIn this election, the winner was elected in 1879 after March 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026405-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections, New York\nIn New York, the election was held on January 21, 1879, by the New York State Legislature. Republican Roscoe Conkling had been re-elected in January 1873 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1879. At the State election in November 1877, 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1878-1879) in the State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026405-0005-0001", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections, New York\nAt the State election in November 1878, 97 Republicans, 28 Democrats and 3 Greenbackers were elected for the session of 1879 to the Assembly, and Republican Thomas Murphy was elected to fill the vacancy in the State Senate caused by the death of Democrat John Morrissey. The 102nd New York State Legislature met from January 7 to May 22, 1879, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026405-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 20, Temporary President of the State Senate William H. Robertson presided. Present were all Republican legislators except State Senator Louis S. Goebel (6th D.) and Assemblyman James W. Wadsworth. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Conkling unanimously. The caucus of the Democratic State legislators met also on January 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026405-0006-0001", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections, New York\nState Senator Thomas C. E. Ecclesine (8th D.) offered to adopt a prostest against the senatorial election proceedings, claiming that the senatorial and assembly districts were incorrectly apportioned and thus the State Legislature did not represent the wish of the people of the State. The protest was substituted by a resolution to appoint a committee which would elaborate an address on the apportionment at a later date. Ecclesine then marched out, and the remaining legislators nominated Lieutenant Governor William Dorsheimer for the U.S. Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026405-0007-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe two Greenback assemblymen John Banfield (Chemung Co.) and George E. Williams (Oswego Co.) voted for 87-year-old Peter Cooper, a New York City inventor, industrialist and philanthropist who had run for U.S. President in 1876 on the Greenback ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026405-0008-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections, New York\nRoscoe Conkling was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026405-0009-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections, New York\nNote: The votes were cast on January 21, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 22 to compare nominations, and declare the result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026405-0010-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania\nIn Pennsylvania, the election was held January 20, 1879. J. Donald Cameron was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026405-0011-0000", "contents": "1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania\nAfter Sen. Simon Cameron resigned from office, his son J. Donald Cameron was elected by the General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, in 1877 to serve the remainder of the unexpired term, which was to expire on March 4, 1879. The Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on January 20, 1879, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1879. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026406-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 college football season\nThe 1878 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Princeton as having been selected national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026407-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 flood in Miskolc\nThe Hungarian city of Miskolc lies on the drainage area of the river Saj\u00f3 and the stream Szinva. Both the river and the stream played an important part in the development of the city, but during great rains they also meant danger. There were floods in 1691, 1788, 1813, 1845 and 1853, but the largest, which had the most victims and is still remembered as the \"Great Flood\", was the one which destroyed the city in 1878. Of all the floods in 19th century Hungary, this one killed the most people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026407-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 flood in Miskolc\nOn August 30, 1878, large storms coming from the Transdanubian region arrived in Northern Hungary \u2013 first in Eger, next in \u00d3huta, Di\u00f3sgy\u0151r and Miskolc, and then in T\u00e1llya, Golop and M\u00e1d. The rainfall swelled the streams Szinva and Pece, and destroyed the largest part of Downtown Miskolc. The water swept away bridges, mills and houses, carrying a large amount of debris. The water level rose by half a meter per minute, making it impossible for many people to escape. In some parts of the city the water was 4\u20135 meters deep.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026407-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 flood in Miskolc\nThe flood destroyed 2000 buildings and killed almost 300 people (or 400 if people in neighbouring areas are also included in the count). In the small village of \u00d3huta, 73 houses were destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026407-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 flood in Miskolc\nAfter the flood the citizens of Miskolc had to rebuild the city with almost no help. In previous and following years, the cities of Pest (1838) and Szeged (1879) were rebuilt in countrywide collaboration, with the help of generous donations. However, in the case of Miskolc, the fact that other, then more important, cities were threatened by flood diverted the nation's attention, even though the flood in Miskolc killed more victims than the floods in Szeged and Pest combined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026409-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1878 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026410-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026410-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1878 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026410-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1878 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026411-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in Belgium\nThe following lists events that happened during 1878 in the Kingdom of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026413-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in Canada, Historical documents\nJ.A. Macdonald's speech about the dismissal of Quebec's government by its lieutenant-governor", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026413-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 in Canada, Historical documents\nHudson's Bay Company policy change causes Indigenous people to starve in the Sept-\u00celes, Que. area", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026413-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 in Canada, Historical documents\nEditorial foresees great immigration as Winnipeg inaugurates regular train service", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026413-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 in Canada, Historical documents\nArrivals in Manitoba find the good land is \"taken\" and freight and other costs are exorbitant", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026414-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1878 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026421-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1878 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026421-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 in New Zealand, Sport, Cricket\nAn Australian team tours New Zealand in January and February, playing seven provincial teams. None of the matches have first-class status as the home sides fielded between 15 and 22 players. A win by the Canterbury XV is the first ever win by a New Zealand side over an international touring team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026421-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 in New Zealand, Sport, Rugby union\nNew clubs were formed in Featherston and Carterton, both in the south Wairarapa. Existing football clubs in Gisborne, Palmerston North and Feilding adopted rugby rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026426-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1878 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026427-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in Sweden\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by BHGbot (talk | contribs) at 20:50, 18 June 2020 (WP:BHGbot 6 (List 5): fixed sort key; WP:GENFIXES). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026428-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1878 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026432-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1878 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026433-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1878  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026433-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 in baseball, Champions\nInter-league playoff: Boston (NL) and Buffalo (IA) each won 1 game in 2 game series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026434-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026436-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026436-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 in paleontology, Arthropods, Newly named arachnids\nAn orb-web spider egg sack ichnogenus. moved to Araneaovoius columbiae (2011).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 55], "content_span": [56, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026436-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 in paleontology, Arthropods, Newly named insects\nAn aphidoid of uncertain placement Moved to Sbenaphis quesneli (1890).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026436-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs\nO. W. Lucas recovers more material which would be referred to Laelaps trihedrodon from Morrison Formation strata near Garden Park, Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026436-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named dinosaurs\nAn allosaurid theropod. Possibly a synonym of Allosaurus. Type species E. amplexus", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 61], "content_span": [62, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026437-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026437-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 in poetry, Events\nYou have come here and paid twenty-five cents to see a fool; I receive seventy-five dollars, and see a whole houseful of fools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026437-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 in poetry, Events\nHer husband eventually forbids her from publishing any more poetry and in 1882 moves the family 100 miles (160\u00a0km) north.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026437-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026437-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026438-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026439-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in science\nThe year 1878 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026440-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 in sports\n1878 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026443-0000-0000", "contents": "1878 papal conclave\nThe 1878 papal conclave, which resulted from the death of Pope Pius IX on 7 February 1878, met from 18 to 20 February. The conclave followed the longest reign of any other pope since Saint Peter. It was the first election of a pope who would not rule the Papal States. It was the first to meet in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican because the venue used earlier in the 19th century, the Quirinal Palace, was now the palace of the King of Italy, Umberto I.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026443-0001-0000", "contents": "1878 papal conclave, Questions facing the cardinals\nWhen the cardinals assembled, they faced a dilemma. Should they choose a pope who would continue to espouse Pius IX's reactionary religious and political views, and would continue to refuse to accept Italy's Law of Guarantees guaranteeing the pope religious liberty in the Kingdom of Italy? Or should they turn away from the policies of Pius IX and choose a more liberal pope who could work for reconciliation with the King of Italy? Would choosing such a policy be seen as a betrayal of Pius IX, the self-proclaimed \"Prisoner in the Vatican\"?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026443-0002-0000", "contents": "1878 papal conclave, Questions facing the cardinals\nOther broader issues included Church-State relations in Italy, the Third French Republic, Ireland and the United States; the heresy Pope Leo XIII later called Americanism; divisions in the Church caused by the proclamation of papal infallibility by the First Vatican Council; and the status of the First Vatican Council, which had been halted suddenly and never concluded. The length of Pope Pius' reign suggested the cardinals give special consideration to the age and health of the man they elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026443-0003-0000", "contents": "1878 papal conclave, Conclave\nSome 61 of 64 cardinals entered the conclave. Two others arrived too late from New York and Dublin to participate and one did not attend for health reasons. Three of the 61 had participated in the previous conclave in 1846: Luigi Amat di San Filippo e Sorso, Fabio Maria Asquini, and Domenico Carafa della Spina di Traetto.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026443-0004-0000", "contents": "1878 papal conclave, Conclave\nWith what many churchmen believed was the \"unstable\" and \"anti-Catholic\" situation in a Rome that was no longer controlled by the Church, some cardinals, notably Cardinal Manning, Archbishop of Westminster, urged that the conclave be moved outside Rome, perhaps even to Malta. However the Camerlengo, Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, advocated otherwise, and an initial vote among cardinals to move to Spain was overturned in a later vote. The conclave finally assembled in the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican on 18 February 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026443-0005-0000", "contents": "1878 papal conclave, Conclave\nGoing into the conclave, Cardinal Pecci was the one candidate favored to be elected, in part because many of the cardinals who headed to Rome had already decided to elect him. In addition to Pecci's competent administration as Camerlengo during the brief sede vacante period up to the conclave, Pecci was seen as the opposite of Pope Pius IX in terms of manner and temperament, and had also had a successful diplomatic career prior to being Archbishop-Bishop of Perugia. Pecci's election was also facilitated in that Alessandro Franchi, the candidate favored by the conservatives, urged his supporters to switch their support to the Camerlengo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026443-0006-0000", "contents": "1878 papal conclave, Conclave\nOne account reported the voting tabulations without providing its source.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026443-0007-0000", "contents": "1878 papal conclave, Conclave, Ballot 1 (morning 19 February)\nOn the first ballot, held on the morning of 19 February the votes were", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 61], "content_span": [62, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026443-0008-0000", "contents": "1878 papal conclave, Conclave, Ballot 1 (morning 19 February)\nThis ballot was ruled invalid because at least one cardinal did not mark his ballot properly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 61], "content_span": [62, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026443-0009-0000", "contents": "1878 papal conclave, Result, implications, and aftermath\nThe election of Cardinal Pecci, who took the name of Leo XIII, was a victory for the liberals. Pecci had been an effective bishop whose diocese had moved from the Papal States to the Kingdom of Italy successfully, without Church problems. He was seen as a diplomatic pragmatist with the tact and flexibility opponents of the previous pope believed Pius IX lacked. At 68 Leo was also young enough to do the job without hindrance of health problems, but old enough to offer the prospect of a relatively short reign of ten to fifteen years. Whereas Pius IX was seen as having isolated the Church from international opinion (his confining Jews in ghettos and his treatment of minorities had been condemned by world leaders such as Gladstone), while Leo was seen as an \"internationalist\" who could earn back the Vatican some international respect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 56], "content_span": [57, 899]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026443-0010-0000", "contents": "1878 papal conclave, Result, implications, and aftermath\nThough always seemingly in poor health and delicate condition, Leo reigned for 25 years. He had the third longest reign of any pope until that time. When he died on 20 July 1903 at the age of 93 he had lived to be older than any of his known predecessors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 56], "content_span": [57, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026444-0000-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1878\u201379 season was the sixth Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026444-0001-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nDumbarton reached the sixth round of the Scottish Cup before losing out to their local rivals, Vale of Leven - who went on to retain the cup for the third successive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026444-0002-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDuring the season, 10 'friendly' matches were played, including home and away fixtures against local rivals Renton, and a home game against the holders of the Ayrshire Cup, Mauchline. Of these matches, 8 were won and 2 drawn, scoring 36 goals and conceding 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026444-0003-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOf note amongst those donning the club's colours for the first time was Robert 'Sparrow' Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026444-0004-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026445-0000-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 FA Cup\nThe 1878\u201379 Football Association Challenge Cup was the eighth staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. Forty-three teams entered, although six of the forty-three never played a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026446-0000-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nSeason 1878\u201379 was the fourth season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the fourth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026446-0001-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts reached the fourth round of the Scottish Cup, losing 2\u20131 to Helensburgh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026446-0002-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts also reached the final of the Edinburgh FA Cup losing 2\u20130 to Hibs after a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026447-0000-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Hibernian F.C. season\nSeason 1878\u201379 was the second in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026447-0001-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nHibs reached the fifth round of the Scottish Cup, losing 2\u20131 to Helensburgh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026447-0002-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nThe club began using a ground in the Powderhall area of Edinburgh during this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026448-0000-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Home Nations rugby union matches\nThe 1878\u201379 Home Nations rugby union matches are a series of international friendlies held between the England, Ireland and Scotland national rugby union teams. The only recognised competition held between the countries was the inaugural Calcutta Cup match, contested between England and Scotland. It was the first challenge for the Cup, and ended in an unspectacular draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026448-0001-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Home Nations rugby union matches, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026448-0002-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nIreland: RB Walkington, T Harrison, JC Bagot, RN Matier, AM Whitestone, WJ Goulding, WEA Cummins, AM Archer, HC Kelly, W Finaly, JA McDonald, JW Taylor, WC Neville capt., G Scriven, H Purdon", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026448-0003-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nScotland: Bill Maclagan, Malcolm Cross, Ninian Finlay, WH Masters, James Campbell, Robert Ainslie, DR Irvine, JB Brown, D. Somerville, RW Irvine capt., AG Petrie, JHS Graham, Henry Melville Napier, NT Brewis, ER Smith", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026448-0004-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nScotland: Bill Maclagan, Malcolm Cross, Ninian Finlay, John Alexander Neilson, James Campbell, Robert Ainslie, Duncan Irvine, JB Brown, EN Ewart, RW Irvine capt., AG Petrie, JHS Graham, Henry Melville Napier, NT Brewis, JE Junor", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026448-0005-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nEngland: WJ Penny, H Huth (Huddersfield), L Stokes, WAD Evanson, HH Taylor, HH Springman, S Neame, Frank Reginald Adams capt., FD Fowler, A Budd, G Harrison (Hull), George Burton, HC Rowley, Roger Walker, NF McLeod", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026448-0006-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nEngland: WJ Penny, WAD Evanson, L Stokes, HT Twynam, WE Openshaw, Harold Dingwall Bateson, S Neame, Frank Reginald Adams capt:, JM Biggs, A Budd, G Harrison (Hull), GW Burton, HC Rowley, Edward Temple Gurdon, NF McLeod", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 74], "content_span": [75, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026448-0007-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nIreland: WW Pike, WJ Willis, JC Bagot, J Heron, AM Whistestone, BN Casement, JR Bristow, F Schute, HW Murray, W Finaly, JJ Keon, JL Cuppaidge, WC Neville capt., G Scriven, H Purdon", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 74], "content_span": [75, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026449-0000-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Morton F.C. season\nThe 1878\u201379 season was Morton Football Club's second season in which they competed at a national level, entering the inaugural Scottish Cup. The club competed in the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0000-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup\nThe 1878\u201379 Scottish Cup \u2013 officially the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup \u2013 was the sixth season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Defending champions Vale of Leven met Rangers in the final but, after a 1\u20131 draw in the original match on 19 April 1879, the replay was scratched and Vale of Leven were awarded the cup. Rangers objected to a goal being disallowed in the original match and refused to play the replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0001-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup\nThis was the second consecutive season that more than 100 teams entered the competition with a record 125 clubs competing after Pollokshaws Athletic withdrew before the competition began.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0002-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, Format\nAs with the previous competitions, the sixth edition of the Scottish Cup took on the format of a traditional knockout tournament. For the earlier rounds, the names of competing teams were placed into lots according to their districts and drawn into pairs. The home team for each tie was determined by the toss of a coin unless it was mutually agreed or only one of the two clubs drawn against one another had a private ground. In the event of a draw, the team who lost the toss would have the choice of ground for the replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0002-0001", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, Format\nA similar procedure was used for subsequent rounds however, any club which had received a bye in the previous round would first be drawn against one of the winners of the previous round. The names of winning teams were placed into one lot for later rounds. The choice of venue for the final matches was reserved to the Scottish Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0003-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, Format, Calendar\nThe exact dates of some matches are unknown as newspaper coverage of football in the late 19th century was not as comprehensive as it would become.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0004-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 126 teams entered the competition in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0005-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, First round\nIn total, there were 59 first round ties after Clarkston, Burnside, Port Glasgow, St Clement's and Shaugraun received a bye to the second round, Pollokshaws Athletic withdrew before the competition began and Glasgow University and Edinburgh University received a bye to the third round. However, only 51 ties were played after Girvan, Blythswood, Stranraer, Maybole Carrick, Star of Leven, 4th Renfrew RV and Govanhill scratched to Catrine, Clyde, Cree Rovers, Mauchline, Renton, Stonefield and Wellpark respectively. Dennistoun were drawn to play Clydesdale but both teams were disqualified from the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0006-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, First round\nTwo-time defending champions Vale of Leven began the competition with a 6\u20130 home win against Alclutha from Dumbarton on 21 September 1878. On the same day, Queen's Park \u2013 who were looking to regain the trophy they had last won in 1876 \u2013 had a similarly convincing win as they saw off Kelvinbank 8\u20130. Rangers defeated Shaftesbury 3\u20130 at Kinning Park a week later while there were big wins for Kilmarnock Portland (9\u20130 vs. Dean), Upper Clydesdale (12\u20130 vs. Newmains) and Whitefield (10\u20130 vs. Telegraphists).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0007-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, Second round\nThe second round began on 12 October 1878 with Govan's 2\u20131 over Oxford. Most of the ties were played a week later. Queen's Park defeated Pollokshields Athletic 6\u20130 at Lorne Park while Rangers won 6\u20131 at home to Whitefield. Vale of Leven recorded the biggest win of the round as they thumped Renton Thistle 11\u20130 at North Street Park on 26 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0008-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, Second round\nWith an even number of teams in the draw, no byes were awarded but not every team would play a match. St Clement's scratched from their tie with Arbroath before Shotts scratched from their replay with Clarkston after the teams had drawn 1\u20131 on 19 October. Glengowan defeated Airdrie 2\u20130 away from home but neither side advanced as both were disqualified and, despite losing 5\u20130 to South Western, a protest from Petershill was upheld and a replay was ordered. South Western also won the replay 8\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0009-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, Third round\nRenfrew Ramblers and Rob Roy received a bye to the fourth round while Glasgow University scratched from their tie with Queen's Park. The third round began on 2 November 1878 as 3rd Lanark RV defeated South Western 2\u20131 at Cathkin Park. A week later, free-scoring Vale of Leven took their tally for the competition to 32 goals after a thumping 15\u20130 win over Jamestown at North Street Park setting a new Scottish Cup record for the biggest margin of victory in the process. Rangers defeated Parkgrove 8\u20132 while Beith recorded a 7\u20131 triumph over Barrhead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0010-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, Third round\nAlthough Thistle defeated Partick 2\u20131 on 16 November and did play in and win their fourth round tie, they were later disqualified from the competition with Partick reinstated in the fifth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0011-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, Fourth round\nMost fourth round ties were played on 30 November 1878 and, with an even number of teams, there were no byes awarded. Vale of Leven continued their fine form, recording a third consecutive double-figures win, as they defeated Govan 11\u20131 conceding a goal for the first time in the process. Beith were the last Ayrshire team standing after thumping Kilmarnock Athletic 9\u20131 while Mauchline lost 5\u20130 to Queen's Park and Kilmarnock Portland lost 6\u20131 in a replay to Dumbarton. Similarly, Hibernian became the last Edinburgh club standing after thumping Rob Roy 9\u20130 while Heart of Midlothian lost 2\u20131 to Helensburgh. Rangers defeated Alexandra Athletic 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0012-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, Fourth round\nThistle, who had defeated Partick in the previous round, were disqualified from the competition following their 2\u20130 win over Stonelaw and both Partick and Stonelaw were reinstated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0013-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, Fifth round\nAll five fifth round matches were played on 8 March 1879. Dumbarton reached the quarter-finals for the first time in three seasons with a 9\u20131 win at home to Stonelaw while fellow Dunbartonshire club Helensburgh defeated the last remaining Edinburgh side, Hibernian, 2\u20131 away from home. Queen's Park played 3rd Lanark RV in a replay of the 1876 final at Hampden Park and they eased through with a 5\u20130 win while Rangers defeated Partick 4\u20130. Holders Vale of Leven defeated Beith 6\u20131 at North Street Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0014-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, Quarter-finals\nWith just five teams left, there were only two quarter-final ties and Helensburgh received a bye to the semi-finals. Both games were played on 22 March 1879. Queen's Park's quest to regain the trophy was ended by Glasgow rivals Rangers as Dunlop scored the only of the game at Hampden Park to see them through to the semi-finals. They were joined by Vale of Leven as the defending champions eased passed Dunbartonshire rivals Dumbarton with a 3\u20131 win at North Street Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 36], "content_span": [37, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0015-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, Semi-final\nFor the third consecutive season, there was just one semi-final played and Rangers, for the second time, received a bye to the final. Helensburgh hosted Dunbartonshire rivals Vale of Leven but they were no match for a Vale side targeting a third consecutive title as they succumbed to a 3\u20130 loss at Kirkmichael Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026450-0016-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, Final\nHampden Park in Glasgow again played host to the Scottish Cup final as Vale of Leven faced Rangers in a rematch of the 1877 final on 19 April 1879. That tie took three matches to decided and it initially looked like this year's final would be no different after goals from Struthers and Ferguson saw the teams draw 1\u20131 in front of 6,000 spectators. However, Rangers had been incensed by the referee's decision to disallow a goal and refused to play the replay, scheduled for 26 April. As a result, Vale of Leven were awarded the trophy, their third success in three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026451-0000-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1878-79 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026451-0001-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026451-0002-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Districts season, History\nDue to 9 weeks of frost there was no inter-city match played this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026451-0003-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe East v West match was played; in quite soft ground. The kick-off was delayed, and the players found it tough to score. The match ended nil - nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026451-0004-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nWest of Scotland District: Robert Campbell MacKenzie (Glasgow Academicals), Malcolm Cross (Glasgow Academicals), P. Russell (West of Scotland), James Campbell (Glasgow Academicals), J. Nelson (Glasgow Academicals), Edward Ewart (Glasgow Academicals), John Blair Brown (Glasgow Academicals), Stewart Henry Smith (Glasgow Academicals), J. Colville (West of Scotland), Henry Melville Napier (West of Scotland), J. Cochrane (West of Scotland), J. Adam (West of Scotland), F. Buchanan (West of Scotland), Charles Stewart (West of Scotland), R. Drummond (Glasgow University)East of Scotland District: J. C. Montgomery (Edinburgh Wanderers), Ninian Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), Bill Maclagan (Edinburgh Academicals), William Masters (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), William Sorley Brown (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), Alexander Petrie (Royal HSFP), Errol Smith (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), Duncan Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Bannerman (Edinburgh Academicals), Nat Brewis (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), A. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), David Somerville (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), Thomas Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), R. S. F. Henderson (Edinburgh University), N. G. Thomson (Red Cross Dundee)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 1283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026452-0000-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 Welsh Cup\nThe 1878\u201379 Welsh Cup was the second season of the Welsh Cup. The cup was won by Newtown White Star who defeated Wrexham 1\u20130 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026453-0000-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 West Bromwich Strollers F.C. season\nThe 1878\u201379 season was the first season in the history of West Bromwich Albion Football Club. The club was formed in 1878 under the name West Bromwich Strollers, by workers from the George Salter's Spring Works in West Bromwich. The name \"Strollers\" is said to have been coined when the players were unable to purchase a football in West Bromwich and thus had to walk two miles to Wednesbury to buy one there instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026453-0001-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 West Bromwich Strollers F.C. season\nThe club's first recorded match\u2014and their only recorded match from the 1878\u201379 season\u2014took place on 23 November 1878. The game was a 12-a-side home friendly against workers from Hudson's, a local soap factory, and finished 0\u20130. Although the exact venue was not recorded, it is known that the club played at both Cooper's Hill and Dartmouth Park during their first few years. Evidence of the Hudson's match did not come to light until 1993; at some point after this discovery, the club altered their published date of formation from 1879 to 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026454-0000-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 in English football\nThe 1878\u201379 season was the eighth season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026454-0001-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 in English football, National team\nFor the first time, England played a team other than Scotland. England played both Scotland and Wales at Kennington Oval, London, beating Wales 2\u20131. This match was played in atrocious weather conditions with the team captains agreeing to play only 30 minutes in each half. England gained revenge on Scotland for the previous year's debacle by beating them 5\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026454-0002-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 in English football, National team\nNote \u2013  credits England's 4th (equalising) goal against Scotland as an own goal by the Scottish goalkeeper, Robert Parlane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026454-0003-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026455-0000-0000", "contents": "1878\u201379 in Scottish football\nThe 1878\u201379 season was the sixth season of competitive football in Scotland. This season saw the introduction of the third regional competition with the inaugural playing of the Renfrewshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026456-0000-0000", "contents": "1879\n1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1879th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 879th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 79th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  10th  and last year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1879, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026457-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Amherst football team\nThe 1879 Amherst football team represented Amherst College during the 1879 college football season. The team beat Williston and lost to Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026458-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1879 Atlantic hurricane season ran from the summer to near the end of autumn in 1879. In 1879 there were two tropical storms, four hurricanes, and two major hurricanes (Category 3+). However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026458-0000-0001", "contents": "1879 Atlantic hurricane season\nOf the known 1879 cyclones, Hurricane One were first documented in 1995 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz. They also proposed large changes to the known tracks of Hurricanes Two, Three, Seven and Eight. Later one storm was deemed not to be a tropical cyclone at all and was dropped from the database.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026458-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) recognizes eight tropical cyclones for the 1879 season. Two were tropical storms and six were hurricanes, with winds of 75\u00a0mph (119\u00a0km/h) or greater. The first storm of the season formed as a tropical storm off the Carolinas on August\u00a09. It briefly reached Category 1 hurricane strength before dissipating on August\u00a012 off Newfoundland. The second cyclone of the year was a major Category 3 hurricane. Known as The Great Beaufort Hurricane, it caused extensive damage to both North Carolina and Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026458-0001-0001", "contents": "1879 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nHurricane Three made landfalls at both the Yucatan Peninsula and near Galveston, Texas, causing great damage along the Louisiana coast. Hurricane Four was the second Category 3 cyclone of the year and, like Hurricane Three, also struck the Gulf coast. In this case the damage and destruction were centred on Morgan City, Louisiana. Tropical Storm Five existed between October\u00a03 and 7th and dissipated over Louisiana. Tropical Storm Six travelled from east of Barbados to make landfall first on Isla de la Juventud, then Cuba and later Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026458-0001-0002", "contents": "1879 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nHurricane Seven began as a tropical storm in the Caribbean Sea, before crossing Florida and travelling north, parallel to the US east coast. The last cyclone of the year was a Category 2 hurricane that developed from a tropical storm as it travelled from close to Hispaniola to a point off Atlantic Canada before dissipating on November\u00a020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026458-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nA tropical storm was first discovered on August\u00a09, offshore of the Carolinas. It grew to a Category 1 hurricane as it paralleled the North Carolina coast throughout August\u00a011. It moved out to sea, dissipating offshore of Atlantic Canada on August\u00a012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026458-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nThe Great Beaufort Hurricane of 1879 was first seen on August\u00a013 as a tropical storm near the Windward Islands. It passed to the north of the islands, and became a hurricane near the Bahamas on August\u00a0\u00a016. It continued northward, and hit eastern North Carolina on the morning of August\u00a018 as a 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) hurricane. At 6 a.m. that morning anemometer cups at Cape Lookout were blown away when indicating 138\u00a0mph (222\u00a0km/h) and the wind was afterward estimated to have reached 168\u00a0mph (270\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026458-0003-0001", "contents": "1879 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nAnemometers were also destroyed at Hatteras, Fort Macon, Kitty Hawk, Portsmouth, and Cape Henry, Virginia, with speeds estimated at 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h) or more. A storm surge up to 8\u00a0feet high was seen at Norfolk, Virginia. After crossing the state it moved into the northwestern Atlantic, crossing Cape Cod and Nova Scotia before becoming extratropical on August\u00a020. The hurricane was responsible for 46 deaths, as well as great damage in North Carolina and Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026458-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nA tropical storm was first seen in the Western Caribbean on August\u00a019. On August\u00a020, it made landfall in the Yucatan Peninsula as a Category 1 hurricane. The hurricane weakened to a tropical storm and restrengthened into a hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico. There it reached its peak intensity of 100\u00a0mph and a minimal pressure of 964\u00a0mb. It made landfall east of Galveston, Texas near the border with Louisiana. At Calcasieu Pass a wave grounded twelve vessels high and dry. Further along the Louisiana coast many buildings were destroyed and crops ruined. The system rapidly weakened and dissipated on August\u00a024.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026458-0005-0000", "contents": "1879 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nA tropical storm was first seen on August\u00a028 in the Gulf of Mexico. By the end of the next day it had strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane, and by the end of August\u00a031, it had reached Category 3 status. Throughout the morning of September\u00a01 the hurricane maintained wind speeds of 130\u00a0mph while making landfall in Louisiana, near Morgan City. Damage was extensive - trees were uprooted, a sawmill, some cabins and two churches were destroyed while flooding washed away bridges. One person died. It weakened to a Category 2 hurricane by the end of September\u00a01, and the next day weakened further to a tropical depression. Hurricane Four caused $500,000 in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026458-0006-0000", "contents": "1879 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nA tropical storm formed on October\u00a02, about halfway between Jamaica and Panama. It grazed Cuba and made landfall in Louisiana before it dissipated on October\u00a07.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026458-0007-0000", "contents": "1879 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Six\nA tropical storm was first seen on October\u00a08 east of Barbados. On October\u00a09 it moved through the Leeward and Windward Islands. It moved across the Caribbean and passed near Jamaica on October\u00a012. On October\u00a013, the storm made landfall on Isla de la Juventud and on Cuba itself shortly thereafter. Early on October\u00a016, it made landfall on the Florida Panhandle and dissipated later that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026458-0008-0000", "contents": "1879 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nA tropical storm was discovered in the northwestern Caribbean Sea on October\u00a024. It made landfall in Florida in the Big Bend Area as a 70\u00a0mph tropical storm. Later the storm paralleled the Eastern Seaboard of the United States and Atlantic Canada. On October\u00a029 it briefly became a Category 1 hurricane before it dissipated the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026458-0009-0000", "contents": "1879 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eight\nOn November\u00a018, a tropical storm formed to the north of Hispaniola. It grew to a Category 1 hurricane the next day. On November\u00a020 it reached its peak intensity of 100\u00a0mph winds, before becoming extratropical. The extratropical storm affected Atlantic Canada with winds equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026459-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Birthday Honours\nThe 1879 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 24 May 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026459-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026460-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Boston Red Caps season\nThe 1879 Boston Red Caps season was the ninth season of the franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026460-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026460-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026460-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026461-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1879 saw  Frederick O. Prince reelected to his third overall term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026462-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Bouctouche tornado\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Paul Cant (talk | contribs) at 12:16, 15 April 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026462-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Bouctouche tornado\nThe 1879 Bouctouche Tornado was a tornado that struck the town of Bouctouche, New Brunswick on Wednesday, August 6, 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026462-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Bouctouche tornado\nIt is estimated that the tornado was an F3 in strength, and is the easternmost major tornado in North America, though weaker tornadoes and waterspouts have been known to form in Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026462-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Bouctouche tornado\nThe tornado killed 5\u00a0people, injured 10 others, and rendered 25\u00a0families homeless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026462-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 Bouctouche tornado\nThe Moniteur Acadian published an extra edition to cover the full details. But a short report was issued from St. John, N.B. dated Aug. 12, and it appears in several newspapers, including The Woodville Advocate of Aug. 21, 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026463-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Broederstroom\n1879 Broederstroom, provisional designation 1935 UN, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 16 October 1935, by Dutch astronomer Hendrik van Gent at the Leiden Southern Station (081), annex to the Johannesburg Observatory in South Africa. The asteroid was named after the South African village of Broederstroom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026463-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Broederstroom, Orbit and classification\nBroederstroom is a member of the Flora family. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9\u20132.6\u00a0AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,229 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 2\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026463-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Broederstroom, Orbit and classification\nNo precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Johannesburg in 1935.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026463-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Broederstroom, Physical characteristics\nBroederstroom has been characterized as a common stony S-type asteroid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026463-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 Broederstroom, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves\nIn January 2007, a rotational lightcurve obtained by Italian amateur astronomer Antonio Vagnozzi gave a well-defined rotation period of 3.01555 hours with a brightness variation of 0.11 magnitude (U=3). In Spring 2014, photometry at the Palomar Transient Factory in California gave two lightcurves with a period of 3.016 and 3.02 hours and an amplitude of 0.12 magnitude (U=2/2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 57], "content_span": [58, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026463-0005-0000", "contents": "1879 Broederstroom, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nAccording to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Broederstroom measures 7.444 and 7.66 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.242 and 0.319, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link, assumes an albedo of 0.24 \u2013 derived from the asteroid 8\u00a0Flora, the family's principal body and namesake \u2013 and calculates a diameter of 7.14 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 13.42.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 65], "content_span": [66, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026463-0006-0000", "contents": "1879 Broederstroom, Naming\nThis minor planet was named after the village Broederstroom located in the North West province of South Africa. The Leiden Southern Observatory was later located near this town for 25 years until 1982. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 8 April 1982 (M.P.C. 6833).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026464-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Buffalo Bisons season\nThe 1879 season was the debut year in the National League for the Buffalo Bisons, who had previously played an independent schedule. The Bisons wound up with a record of 46\u201332 and finished in third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026464-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026464-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026464-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026465-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Bulgarian Constituent Assembly election\nConstituent Assembly elections were held in Bulgaria between 1 and 30 January 1879, although only 117 of the 231 members of the Assembly were elected during this period. It followed the country's liberation from the Ottoman Empire, and saw the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party emerge as the two main parties. The Assembly was opened on 10 February, and convened in Veliko Tarnovo to ratify the country's first constitution, known as the Tarnovo Constitution, on 16 April. The parliament was later transferred to Sofia, which became the capital of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026465-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Bulgarian Constituent Assembly election\nFollowing debates between the Conservatives, who were in favour of a bicameral parliament, and the Liberals, who supported a unicameral system, the new constitution made provision for a unicameral National Assembly, which was elected later in the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026466-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Bulgarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria between 30 September and 7 October 1879. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 140 of the 170 seats. Voter turnout was 32.0%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026467-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 California gubernatorial election\nThe 1879 California gubernatorial election was held on September 3, 1879, to elect the governor of California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026468-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Cambridgeshire by-election\nThe Cambridgeshire by-election of 1879 was fought on 30 January 1879. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Elliot Yorke. It was won by the Conservative candidate Edward Hicks, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026469-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Canterbury by-election\nThe Canterbury by-election of 1879 was held on 8 May 1879. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Lewis Majendie. It was won by the Conservative candidate Robert Peter Laurie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026469-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Canterbury by-election, Corruption\nThe Liberal candidate Charles Edwards was accused of spending about \u00a3140 (equivalent to \u00a313,494 in 2019) on buying votes during the campaign. Although Edwards disclaimed knowledge of this and blamed his campaign manager, he did admit that the money was spent on bribery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026470-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1879 Chicago White Stockings season was the 8th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 4th in the National League and the 2nd at Lakefront Park. The White Stockings finished fourth in the National League with a record of 46\u201333.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026470-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026470-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026470-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026471-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago mayoral election\nIn the Chicago mayoral election of 1879, Democrat Carter Harrison Sr. defeated both Republican Abner Wright and socialist Ernest Schmidt in a three-way race. Harrison had a nearly nine point margin of victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026471-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago mayoral election\nTwo-term incumbent Monroe Heath (who, at the time, was the longest-serving mayor in the city's history) did not run for reelection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026471-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago mayoral election\nThis was the first of six mayoral elections in which Harrison would ultimately compete, and the first of five of which he would win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026471-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nHarrison, who had also been approached by the Socialists and the Greenback Party to run on their tickets, ran as the Democratic Party nominee. Harrison's experience in national politics in congress appealed to conservative Democrats like Potter Palmer and Levi Leiter, and his liberal views on liquor consumption and gambling appealed to Democrats such as Michael C. McDonald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026471-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nAfter incumbent Republican Monroe Heath declined to seek reelection, the Republican Party nominated Wright. Wright, a member of the Chicago Board of Trade, would be criticized for having been an inadequate candidate, lacking in energy, charisma, and appearing overly-calculated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026471-0005-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nThe Chicago Tribune sided against Harrison, arguing that his election would constitute  \"bummer restoration\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026471-0006-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nThe previous year the Socialist Labor Party had experienced several successes, seeing the election of one of its nominees for Chicago alderman be elected in the Spring 1878 elections and three of its nominees for state legislature be elected in the Fall 1878 elections. Fresh off of these successes, the Socialist Labor Party fielded a full ticket of candidates for in municipal elections. Socialist. Their mayoral nominee Dr. Ernest Schmidt helped lead the party to more than double its vote share in the city's elections and see the election of an additional three aldermen. Schmidt had formerly been a Republican. Schmidt had a strong reputation of being \"incorruptible\". The Socialist Labor Party had proved particularly adept at attracting German Republican and liberal voters away from the Republican Party. They also attracted strong support from the city's Bohemian population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 925]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026471-0007-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nAfter the municipal elections, some would blame the Socialist Labor Party for having a spoiler effect, having siphoned away would-be Republican supporters. The Illinois Staats-Zeitung wrote that, \"The socialist have succeeded in deciding the election, to be sure not the advantage of their own candidates, but rather for the Democrats against the Republicans.\" Dr. Schmidt agreed that blame for the underperformance of the Republican ticket could be attributed to the Republican Party's loss of liberal German voters to the Socialist Labor Party. Nevertheless, others have cast doubt on the idea that Schmidt acted as a spoiler to Wright's campaign. It is in fact, quite possible that the socialist nominee had taken thousands of likely Democratic voters away from Harrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 814]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026471-0008-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nDuring the campaign, Harrison adopted a pet eagle, and would bring it with him on the stump. He would ride around town in a horse-drawn wagon, with his eagle, and with a banner attached to the wagon reading \"Carter's Eagle and Victory\". While derided by Republicans as a cheap campaign stunt, this levity was appreciated by many voters. This led to Harrison being affectionately nicknamed \"the Eagle\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026471-0009-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago mayoral election, Results\nHarrison's victory ended what had been a period of Republican dominance in Chicago's mayoral elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026471-0010-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago mayoral election, Allegations of fraud\nAt Wright's urging, the Chicago Tribune launched its own investigation into the election. The Tribune alleged that repeat voters had been transported across the city by Democrats to cast votes in various precincts. In addition, the Chicago Inter Ocean alleged that non-residents and non-citizens had cast votes. Other newspapers such as the Chicago Daily News published editorials criticizing Republicans for making these allegations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026471-0011-0000", "contents": "1879 Chicago mayoral election, Allegations of fraud\nUltimately, Wright withdrew his allegations that fraud had taken pace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026472-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Cincinnati Reds season\nThe 1879 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fifth in the National League with a record of 43\u201337, 14 games behind the Providence Grays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026472-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nThe Reds were hoping to build off a great 1878 season, in which the team finished in second place in the National League with a 37\u201323 record. In the off-season, the Reds announced that catcher Deacon White would become the player-manager. Cincinnati signed Ross Barnes to play shortstop. Barnes had missed most of the 1877 season and all of the 1878 season after falling ill. In his last full season in 1876, Barnes played with the Chicago White Stockings, and led the NL with a .429 batting average, 138 hits, 126 runs, 38 doubles, and fourteen triples.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026472-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nKing Kelly had a very solid season, hitting .348 with two home runs and 47 RBI, while another youngster, twenty-year-old Buttercup Dickerson, hit .291 with two home runs and a team high 57 RBI. Deacon White rebounded from a poor 1878 season by his standards, as he hit .330 with a homer and 52 RBI. On the mound, Will White led the NL with 75 starts, as he had a 43\u201331 record with a 1.99 ERA in his league high 680 innings pitched.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026472-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary\nCincinnati started off hot, as they opened the season with a five-game winning streak. However, the club lost seven of their next eight games to fall under .500. Cincinnati had a mediocre 9\u20139 record after eighteen games, and player-manager Deacon White turned over his managerial duties to Cal McVey, who had been the Reds' player-manager in 1878. Cincinnati lost the first five games under McVey, however, the team began to play better, and ended the season with a 43\u201337 record, fifth in the league, and fourteen games behind the first-place Grays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026472-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026472-0005-0000", "contents": "1879 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026472-0006-0000", "contents": "1879 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026472-0007-0000", "contents": "1879 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026473-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 City of Auckland West by-election\nThe 1879 City of Auckland West by-election was a by-election held  on 4 March 1879 in the City of Auckland West electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. It was then a two-member electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026473-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 City of Auckland West by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Patrick Dignan, who had previously represented the electorate. He was a Catholic layman, and a supporter of denominational education.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026473-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 City of Auckland West by-election\nDavid Goldie was elected. He supported secular education, and his victory was headlined \"Another election victory for Secularists\". Similarly the winner of the 1879 City of Nelson by-election was described as a \"Secularist\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026474-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 City of Dunedin by-election\nThe 1879 City of Dunedin by-election was a by-election held  on 15 July 1879 in the City of Dunedin electorate in Dunedin during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026474-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 City of Dunedin by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Robert Stout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026474-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 City of Dunedin by-election\nThe winner of the by-election was William Downie Stewart Sr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026474-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 City of Dunedin by-election\nHis opponent Charles Reeves \"got the Catholic block vote\" and religion in education was a factor in several by-elections in 1879 (e.g. in Auckland and Nelson).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026475-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 City of Nelson by-election\nThe 1879 City of Nelson by-election was a by-election held on 6 February 1879 in the City of Nelson electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026475-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 City of Nelson by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP John Sharp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026475-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 City of Nelson by-election\nThe by-election was won by Acton Adams. He was described as the \u201cSecularist\u201d candidate; as with David Goldie in the 1879 City of Auckland West by-election; both favouring secular not denominational education.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026476-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Clare by-election\nThe Clare by-election of 1879 was fought on 15 May 1879. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Home Rule MP, Bryan O'Loghlen, to become Attorney General of the Colony of Victoria. It was won by the Home Rule candidate James Patrick Mahon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026477-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Cleveland Blues season\nThe 1879 season was the National League debut for the Cleveland Blues. They finished the season 27\u201355, sixth in the eight-team National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026477-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026477-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026477-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026478-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Cockermouth by-election\nThe Cockermouth by-election of 1879 was fought on 16 April 1879. The by-election took place due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Isaac Fletcher. It was won by the Liberal candidate William Fletcher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026479-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Coleridge by-election\nThe 1879 Coleridge by-election was a by-election held on 8 May 1879 in the Coleridge electorate in the Canterbury region of New Zealand during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026479-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Coleridge by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Cathcart Wason on 14 April 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026479-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Coleridge by-election\nThe by-election was won by George Hart. He was unopposed, and \"little interest was taken in the election\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026480-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Columbia football team\nThe 1879 Columbia football team represented Columbia University in the 1879 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026481-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Cork County by-election\nThe Cork County by-election of 1879 was fought on 17 February 1879. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, McCarthy Downing. It was won by the Home Rule candidate David la Touche Colthurst.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026481-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Cork County by-election\nThe main issues were Home Rule and fixed tenure for tenant farmers, with the Home Rule candidate (a Catholic convert) being backed by the Catholic church.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026482-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Danish Folketing election\nFolketing elections were held in Denmark on 3 January 1879. The Liberals retained their majority, whilst voter turnout was around 47.2%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026483-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Donegal by-election\nThe Donegal by-election of 1879 was fought on 15 December 1879. The by-election, to one of two seats in the House of Commons constituency of Donegal, arose due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, William Wilson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026483-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Donegal by-election\nEarly reports suggested that the Conservative candidate would be Lord Mountcharles, son of the Marquess of Conyngham, who owned an estate in the county, and was said to be personally popular as his tenants enjoyed 'the largest measure of tenant-right'. A Mr McDavitt, a lawyer, was reported as the likely Liberal candidate, supporting Home Rule. Mountcharles issued an election address, promising to support  improvements to the Land Act and 'extension of the principle of local government'. However he shortly after withdrew from the contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026483-0001-0001", "contents": "1879 Donegal by-election\nThe candidate nominated for the Conservatives was David Brown McCorkell, a barrister from Derry; Thomas Lea, a manufacturer from Kidderminster in England, was nominated as the Liberal candidate . Lea, formerly MP for Kidderminster, had failed to win the Donegal seat in the previous by-election by less than 100 votes. Although this had for long been a Conservative seat, following the withdrawal of Lord Mountcharles there was an expectation that Lea would win. When the votes were counted, he had 2,313 votes as against 1,630 for McCorkell, a Liberal gain with a majority of 683.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026484-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 East Cumberland by-election\nThe 1879 by-election for the East Cumberland constituency of the United Kingdom Parliament occurred on 25 April 1879. It was called due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Charles Howard, and won by Liberal candidate George Howard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026485-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 East Macquarie colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Macquarie on 15 August 1879 because of the resignation of William Suttor Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026486-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 East Somerset by-election\nThe East Somerset by-election of 1879 was fought on 19 March 1879. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Ralph Shuttleworth Allen. It was won by the Conservative candidate Lord Brooke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026487-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 East Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Sydney on 15 July 1879 because Alexander Stuart resigned. Stuart had been appointed agent-general however he was unable to take up the position due to financial difficulties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026488-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Eastern Maori by-election\nThe 1879 Eastern Maori by-election was a by-election held on 7 July in the Eastern Maori electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026488-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Eastern Maori by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death on 24 February of the incumbent MP Karaitiana Takamoana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026488-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Eastern Maori by-election\nHenare Matua was seen by some as the \"Government candidate\" and a leader of the \"Repudiation\" faction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026489-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Elginshire and Nairnshire by-election\nThe Elginshire and Nairnshire by-election of 1879 was fought on 17 September 1879. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Liberal MP, Viscount Macduff. It was won by the Liberal candidate Sir George Macpherson-Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026490-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 English cricket season\n1879 was the 93rd season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). Lancashire claimed a share of the Champion County title for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026490-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 English cricket season\nThe summer was the coolest and wettest over the two-and-a-half centuries of climatic records in England, and during the early part of the twentieth century exceptionally wet seasons such as 1903, 1912, 1924 and 1927 were very frequently compared to 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026490-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed. Hampshire, though regarded until 1885 as first-class, played no inter-county matches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026491-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Ennis by-election\nThe Ennis by-election of 1879 was fought on 26 July 1879. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, William Stacpoole. It was won by the Home Rule candidate James Lysaght Finegan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026492-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 FA Cup Final\nThe 1879 FA Cup Final was contested by Old Etonians and Clapham Rovers at the Kennington Oval, London Borough of Lambeth, South London. Old Etonians won by 1\u20130, the only goal scored by Charles Clerke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026492-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 FA Cup Final, Summary\nAlthough Clapham dominated the early stages of the final, with Norman Bailey having two attempts on target, Herbert Whitfeld continued to run at the Clapham defenders with little assistance from his colleagues. After a goalless first-half, the only goal of the game came after 59 minutes, when Charles Clerke scored from close range following a run from Harry Goodhart. The old Etonians thus claimed the cup for the first time in what was considered to be \"the poorest FA Cup Final to date\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026493-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Gansu earthquake\nThe 1879 Gansu earthquake occurred at about 04:00 local time on 1 July. It had an estimated magnitude of 8.0 on the Ms scale and a maximum perceived intensity of XI (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The epicenter was in Wudu District in southern Gansu, close to the border with Sichuan. It caused widespread damage and killed an estimated 22,000 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026493-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Gansu earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake was preceded by foreshocks in the few days before the mainshock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026493-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Gansu earthquake, Earthquake\nThe meizoseismal area extends 70\u00a0km in a SSW-NNE direction and is 30\u00a0km across. The earthquake may have been caused by movement on the SSW-NNE trending Fanjiaba-Linjiang Fault. This fault correlates well with a 30\u00a0km long lineament seen on satellite images. The similarly oriented Hanan-Daoqizi-Maopola fault zone has also been proposed as a likely candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026493-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Gansu earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake triggered many landslides and caused the formation of several natural dams 40 to 120 m high.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026493-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 Gansu earthquake, Damage\nIn Wudu city there were a total of 9,881 casualties, with many houses damaged and about half of the livestock killed. Large parts of the city walls were badly damaged and 60 temples were destroyed at Wanshou Hill. In Wenxian and the surrounding villages 10,792 people were killed. Many homes were destroyed and the city walls collapsed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026494-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Gladstone by-election\nThe 1879 Gladstone by-election was a by-election held  on 3 January 1879 in the Gladstone electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026494-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Gladstone by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent Frederick Teschemaker on 21 November 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026494-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Gladstone by-election\nStudholme was the only candidate, so was declared elected unopposed. Another candidate, Mr Buckingham had withdrawn. Studholme was described as a strong opponent of the Grey Ministry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026495-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Glasgow by-election\nThe Glasgow by-election of 1879 was fought on 16 July 1879. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Alexander Whitelaw. It was won by the Liberal candidate Charles Clow Tennant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026496-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Grand National\nThe 1879 Grand National was the 41st renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 28 March 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026497-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 23 September 1879. Supporters of Alexandros Koumoundouros and Theodoros Deligiannis emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, with 100 of the 207 seats. Koumoundouros remained Prime Minister until 22 March the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026498-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Haddington Burghs by-election\nThe Haddington Burghs by-election of 1879 was fought on 25 February 1879. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Liberal MP, William Hay, 10th Marquess of Tweeddale. It was won by the Liberal candidate Sir David Wedderburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026499-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1879 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1879 college football season. They finished with a 2\u20131\u20132 record. The team captain was Robert Bacon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026499-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Harvard Crimson football team\nOn November 8, Harvard and Yale played to a scoreless tie before a crowd of between 1,500 and 2,000 spectators at Hamilton Park in New Haven. Yale captain Walter Camp drop-kicked the ball through the uprights, but the goal was disallowed when the referee ruled the ball had touched a Harvard player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026499-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Harvard Crimson football team\nOn November 15, Harvard lost to Princeton before a crowd of 3,000 persons at St. George's Cricket Ground in Hoboken. Princeton scored one goal, and Harvard scored none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026500-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Houston Waterworks\n1879 Houston Waterworks is a building located in Houston, Texas listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026500-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Houston Waterworks, History\nThe Houston Water Works Company was established by a group of New York investors and entered a franchise agreement with the city of Houston in 1878. The company constructed a dam just upstream from Capitol Avenue, a processing plant on Artesian Street, and connected pipes to the city system. The Houston Waterworks Company pumped about 2 million gallons of water from the Buffalo Bayou daily when it was founded in 1879 to extinguish fires, such as the one that broke out on Main Street a few days after the plant was erected. After natural reserves of drinking water were discovered in Houston, the Waterworks company out-competed local wells.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026500-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Houston Waterworks, History\nT. H. Scanlan and Associates acquired the Houston Water Works Company and its franchise in 1884. New ownership made capital improvements \u2014 including a new boiler, pumps, and a reservoir \u2014 increasing the daily capacity to eight million gallons. Even these improvements were not sufficient to provide enough pressure to every point in the city, and sometimes the system failed at extinguishing fires. In 1887 a new well at Franklin and LaBranch revealed a large natural reservoir, and a total of fourteen wells were added by 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026500-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Houston Waterworks, History\nThe city took over the plant in the early 20th century when it found that the Houston Water Works was mixing bayou water into the drinking supply. In 1903, one water pipe was obstructed by a three-foot eel. Three years later, a broken water main gushed water with a supply of catfish. Both events elicited jokes about how the Houston artesian wells were home to schools of eel and catfish. Mayor Horace Baldwin Rice and Houston City Council studied the inventory of Houston infrastructure and concluded that it was inadequate to provide for the needs of its residents. The city assumed control of the Water Works by purchasing the system from Thomas Howe Scanlan's partnership for about $900,000. In addition to the water plant, the city acquired the system's 65 miles of water mains and its 55 wells.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026500-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 Houston Waterworks, Preserved site\nIn 1975, few remains of this facility were extant. There was a masonry reservoir with a concrete cover and some possible remains of the foundation for the old pump house. These are located on the same grounds as the 1926 Bayou Pumping Station.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026501-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Hutt by-election\nThe 1879 Hutt by-election was a by-election held in the single-member Hutt electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament, on 2 July 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026501-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Hutt by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Fitzherbert when he was appointed to the Legislative Council. He was replaced by Henry Jackson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026502-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1879 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 21 July 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026503-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Iowa Senate election\nIn the 1879 Iowa State Senate elections Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the eighteenth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 29 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026503-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 38 seats to Democrats' 12 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026503-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 14 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026503-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1879 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 41 seats, Democrats having 7 seats, and 2 Greenbackers (a net gain of 3 seats for Republicans and 2 for Greenbackers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026504-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1879 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on October 14, 1879. Incumbent Republican John H. Gear defeated Democratic nominee Henry H. Trimble with 53.94% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026505-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1879 Kentucky Derby was the 5th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 20, 1879. The winning horse Lord Murphy set a new Derby record with a winning time of 2:37.00.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026506-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Kentucky gubernatorial election\nThe 1879 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on August 4, 1879. Democratic nominee Luke P. Blackburn defeated Republican nominee Walter Evans with 55.43% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026507-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Lachlan colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Lachlan on 10 January 1879 because James Watson was appointed Colonial Treasurer in the third Parkes ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested however on this occasion a poll was required in Canterbury (Sir Henry Parkes) and The Lachlan. Both were comfortably re-elected. The other 5 ministers were re-elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026508-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Liberian general election\nPresidential elections were held in Liberia in May 1879. The result was a victory for incumbent President Anthony W. Gardiner of the True Whig Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026509-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Limerick City by-election\nThe Limerick City by-election of 1879 was fought on 23 May 1879. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, Isaac Butt. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Daniel Fitzgerald Gabbett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026510-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Liverpool Town Council election\nElections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Saturday 1 November 1879. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026510-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By-Election, 4 February 1880\nFormer councillor John Nicol (Conservative, West Derby, elected 1 November 1876) was elected as an Alderman by the Council on 4 February 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 91], "content_span": [92, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026510-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No.16, North Toxteth, 18 February 1880\nCouncillor Arthur Bower Forwood (Conservative, North Toxteth, elected 1 November 1877) was elected as an Alderman by the Council on 4 February 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 90], "content_span": [91, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026510-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 11, Abercromby, 18 February 1880\nCaused by Thomas English Stephens (Liberal, Abercromby, elected 1 November 1879) ceasing to be a councillor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 88], "content_span": [89, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026510-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 1 Everton, 18 February 1880\nCaused by William Simpson (Independent, West Derby, elected 1 November 1879) ceasing to be a councillor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 83], "content_span": [84, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026510-0005-0000", "contents": "1879 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 14, West Derby, 23 March 1880\nCaused by William Simpson (Independent, West Derby, elected 1 November 1879) ceasing to be a councillor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026510-0006-0000", "contents": "1879 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By-Election 5 May 1880\nThe death of Alderman James Jack was reported to the Council on 5 May 1880. His position was filled when former Councillor David MacIver MP was elected as an Alderman by the Council on 5 May 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026510-0007-0000", "contents": "1879 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By-Election, 28 October 1880\nThe resignation of Alderman Henry Jennings on 21 October 1880, was reported to the Council on 28 October 1880. Hugh Hawthorne Nicholson was elected as an alderman by the Council on 28 October 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 91], "content_span": [92, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026511-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Longford by-election\nThe Longford by-election of 1879 was held on 5 April 1879. The byelection was held due to the resignation (Assistant Commissioner of Intermediate Education in Ireland) of the incumbent Home Rule MP, Myles William O'Reilly. It was won by Justin McCarthy, a member of the Home Rule party. He was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026512-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Louisiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1879 Louisiana gubernatorial election was the first election to take place under the Louisiana Constitution of 1879. As a result of this election Louis A. Wiltz became Governor of Louisiana. The election saw widespread intimidation of African-Americans which guaranteed the election of the Democratic nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026513-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1879 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 8, 1879. Republican nominee Daniel F. Davis defeated Greenback nominee Joseph L. Smith and incumbent Governor Alonzo Garcelon. This election saw the continued rise of the newly popular Greenback party, it was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026514-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Manitoba general election\nThe 1879 Manitoba general election and was held on December 16, 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026514-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Manitoba general election\nThis Manitoba-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026515-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Maryland gubernatorial election\nThe 1879 Maryland gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026515-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Maryland gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor John Lee Carroll did not seek re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026515-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Maryland gubernatorial election\nDemocratic candidate William Thomas Hamilton defeated Republican candidate James Albert Gary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026516-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1879 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1879 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. The team played its first football game and finished the season with a record of 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026517-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1879 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026517-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Governor, Republican convention, Results\nWith Long the only candidate remaining in the race, his nomination was ratified by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 83], "content_span": [84, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026518-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 100th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1879 during the governorship of Thomas Talbot. John B. D. Cogswell served as president of the Senate and Levi C. Wade served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026518-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Massachusetts legislature\nNotable legislation included the \"Act to Give Women the Right to Vote for Members of School Committees.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026519-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Mataura by-election\nThe 1879 Mataura by-election was a by-election held on 15 January 1879 during the 6th New Zealand Parliament in the electorate of Mataura in Southland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026519-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Mataura by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Wood on 10 December 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026519-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Mataura by-election\nBoth Shanks and Kinross were described as \"Greyites\" or Government supporters, though Shank's views were said to be much more moderate than those of Kinross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026520-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Men's Tennis tour\nThe 1879 Men's tennis tour  was composed of the third annual pre-open era tour. It now incorporated 12 tournaments staged in Australia and Great Britain and Ireland. The 1879 Wimbledon Championships was won by John Hartley defending champion Patrick Francis Hadow, defending champion could not participate in the Challenge Round. This year saw the inaugural  Irish Championships that in its early stages of development was considered as important that of the Wimbledon Championships the event was won by Vere St. Leger Goold who defeated in Charles David Barry in the final by Charles David Barry 8-6, 8-6. Important this year was the staging now of three hard court tournaments namely the Dublin University Championships the East Gloucestershire Championships held in Cheltenham Great Britain. and the first tournament to be held outside of Europe in Australia with the Victorian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 918]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026520-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 1: Challenge Round: the final round of a tournament, in which the winner of a single-elimination phase faces the previous year's champion, who plays only that one match. The challenge round was used in the early history of tennis (from 1877 through 1921), in some tournaments not all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026520-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 2:Tournaments in italics were events that were staged only once that season", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1879 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1879 college football season. The team was the first intercollegiate football squad to represent the University of Michigan. They played two games, winning one and tying the other. In its first intercollegiate football game, Michigan defeated a team from Racine College. Irving Kane Pond scored the first touchdown, and team captain David DeTar scored the first point and the first field goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nThe 1879 football season began with a challenge from Racine College in the fall of 1878. The Chronicle (a weekly newspaper at the University of Michigan) published the following letter dated September 30, 1878, from C. L. Cleveland of Racine College, addressed to the secretary of Michigan's Foot-ball Association:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\n\"Dear Sir, \u2013 We have organized a foot-ball eleven of members of our college, one of the objects of which is to create an interest for athletic sports in our western colleges. We, knowing that you having [sic] a foot-ball team, are exceedingly desirous of playing you this fall. The best offer we can make is this: Chicago seems to be the most convenient place. We will see that the White Stocking grounds are procured, tend to all the advertising, and give you two-thirds of the 'gate money.'", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0002-0001", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nWe play according to modified Rugby rules, which we will be able to send you, in printed form in about a week. Trusting that you will present this before your association, and accept our invitation \u2013 in the meantime awaiting your prompt reply \u2013 I am respectfully yours, C. L. Cleveland, Sec.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nOn October 21, 1878, Michigan's Foot-ball Association met to consider the challenge from Racine. The association voted to accept the challenge on condition that the game be played in the spring. The Association explained: \"Inasmuch as the University possesses no eleven, and as the lateness of the season prohibits the training of one, a game this fall is out of the question.\" On October 26, The Chronicle expressed skepticism, noting that past plans for an inter-collegiate game had been thwarted: \"Our University is then, at length to engage in an athletic contest outside its own precincts. . . .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0003-0001", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nYet we have so often intended to put similar plans into execution, which have so invariably been frustrated through some unforeseen obstacle, that we are still in doubt as to the issue.\" The paper also emphasized the importance of winning: \"[O]ne very important point must not be overlooked. It is essential that we win the first game. . . . Defeat would put an end to all our fond expectations, while success alone can make them possible.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nOn April 5, 1879, The Chronicle expressed concern over the lack of work in preparing the team for its game against Racine: \u201cThe time for the long-expected and much-talked of foot-ball match with Racine is rapidly approaching and as yet little or no work has been done by our teams to prepare for it. We learn from the Racine paper that . . . the men have been at work in the gymnasium all winter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0004-0001", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nOf course, we, not having the advantage which a gymnasium affords, could not work in the winter, but now that the snow has gone, it is high time that our teams were hard at work every day. But they are not. Indeed they seem to be distinguished only by their laziness and lack of enthusiasm.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0005-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nOn May 3, 1879, The Chronicle wrote that the Athletic Association had appointed committees to select the players for the university football team, to select uniforms for the team, and \"to obtain subscriptions to meet the expense of sending the team to Chicago.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0006-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nOn May 17, 1879, The Chronicle devoted its front page to coverage of the upcoming football game in Chicago. The paper reported that a team of 22 players had been selected and had decided to practice \"after supper, when the campus would be free, and it would not interfere with study.\" The paper continued to express concerns about the lack of rigor in the team's practice: \"[", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0006-0001", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nT]hey have not all been on the ground at the same time since they were selected, the least sprinkle of rain, a little stiffness of the joints, a slight lack of energy, anything in short that could be twisted into an excuse seemed to be enough to keep them off the grounds. Now this will not do if the boys expect to win, if they expect even to make a respectable showing they must practice every possible moment, must put off everything else, study, amusement, girls, everything, and be promptly on hand for the nightly game. \u2026 [ T]hey must work hard and faithfully else they will disgrace our University and make it anything but an honor to have been a member of the team of 1878\u20139.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0007-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nOn the Wednesday evening before the Racine game, the team appeared on campus in their new uniforms: \u201cThey presented quite a neat appearance. The uniform is of white canvas, close fitting, with blue stockings and belt.\u201d  The team left for Chicago on \u201cthe day express\u201d on the Thursday before the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0008-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nIn his history of the Class of 1879, team member Irving Kane Pond recalled the events leading up to the Racine game as follows: \"During the first semester of the year a slight ripple was caused in athletic circles by the receipt of a challenge from the Racine college eleven, to our, then not existing, University eleven. The Rugby game, then unknown to us, was to be played. The challenge was accepted, but no interest seemed to be taken in the game until late in the spring of the year, when elevens practiced evenings on the campus.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0009-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, vs. Racine\nThe first intercollegiate football game in Michigan history was played against the \"Purple Stockings\" from Racine College on May 30, 1879, at the Chicago White Stockings' grounds in Lakefront Park (now part of Grant Park). The Michigan team stayed at the Clifton House and was taken to the playing field by bus at 3:15\u00a0p.m. The game was played in front of a crowd of 500 spectators, amid heat described as \"oppressive,\" and began at 4:15\u00a0p.m. The Chicago Daily Tribune called it \"the first rugby-football game to be played west of the Alleghenies.\" The Chronicle (a weekly newspaper at the University of Michigan) called it \"the finest game of Rugby foot-ball every played this side of the Alleghenies.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0010-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, vs. Racine\nThe game was played in two innings of 45 minutes. (The periods of play were referred to as \"innings\" in 1879.) Irving Kane Pond (who later became an architect) scored the first touchdown in Michigan football history midway through the first inning. According to Will Perry's history of Michigan football, the crowd responded to Pond's plays with cheers of \"Pond Forever.\" No points were scored for a touchdown, with a point being scored from touchdown only if the kick for goal after the touchdown succeeded. After Pond's touchdown, Michigan's team captain, David DeTarr, attempted the kick for goal. The Michigan players and umpire opined that the kick was good, but the referee ruled it had missed. The first inning ended at 4:55\u00a0p.m. with no points having been scored. Play was resumed after a ten-minute rest period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 887]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0011-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, vs. Racine\nIn the second inning, Michigan scored the only point of the game on a place-kick by DeTarr after a catch by John Chase. The Chronicle wrote that the teams \"fought like dogs of war\" in the second inning, with the play of Chase leading to the yell of \"Chase is there\" repeated \"at least twenty times.\" In its account of the game, the Racine Advocate wrote that the Purple Stockings \"had the worst of it, the ball constantly near their goal.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0011-0001", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, vs. Racine\nThe Chicago Daily Tribune also described the game as one-sided in Michigan's favor: \"From first to last the Racine boys were on the defensive.\" The Racine newspaper credited Michigan's passing and teamwork as the difference in the game: \"Perfect harmony characterized the Michigan boys' playing, when one of them caught the ball he instantly passed it to a colleague nearer the enemy's goal and they were only discomfited when they practiced Racine's attempt to run with the ball dodging others.\" The Chicago Daily Tribune concluded its game coverage with an injury report: \"No bones were broken, but [Racine's] Torbert was stretched out on the turf. A bucket of water however revived him.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0012-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, vs. Racine\nDuring the game, telegrams were sent from Chicago to Ann Arbor with updates on the game. A boy was hired to deliver the updates by \"velocipede\" from the telegraph office to the campus. The updates were then posted on a blackboard near the medical building, where a number of students gathered. When the final update was posted (\"6:28 p.m.: Game finished, won by Michigan, \u2013 one goal \u2013 kicked by DeTarr\"), the gathering of students \"manifested their feelings in the usual student manner.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0013-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, vs. Racine\nMichigan's lineup against Racine consisted of David DeTarr, John Chase, Irving Kane Pond, Jack A. Green, William W. Hannan, Frank F. Reed, Richard Guy DePuy, and Thomas R. Edwards (rushers), Charles H. Campbell, and Edmond H. Barmore (halfbacks) and Charles S. Mitchell (goal-keeper). The referee was Mr. Van Dyke of Milwaukee, a former Princeton football player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0014-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, vs. Racine\nAfter the game, the team attended an alumni banquet at the Palmer House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0015-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, vs. Toronto\nMichigan's second intercollegiate football game was played in Detroit against the University of Toronto on November 1, 1879. A large number of students arrived from Ann Arbor on the Friday before the game, and a number of Canadian \"excursionists\" were also in the city. Another group of 250 students arrived in Detroit on the Saturday morning train from Ann Arbor and walked to Recreation Park to watch the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0015-0001", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, vs. Toronto\nShortly after the crowd arrived from Ann Arbor, word was received that Zachariah Chandler, the former mayor of Detroit, U.S. Senator from Michigan, Secretary of the Interior, and U.S. Presidential candidate, had died. Flags in the city were lowered to half mast, and the Detroit Free Press noted that an absurd report spread that the demonstration by the Michigan students \"had some reference to that sad event.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0016-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, vs. Toronto\nThe game was scheduled to start at 2:00\u00a0p.m., but the players did not arrive on time. Attendance was reported at 500\u2013600 persons by the Detroit Free Press, though University of Michigan records place the figure at 1,500. Given the novelty of the game in Detroit, the Free Press devoted much of its coverage to educating readers on the rules and methods of play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0016-0001", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, vs. Toronto\nThe paper described it as football \"of the scientific kind in vogue in all universities and throughout England and her provinces, and known the world over as 'Rugby.'\" The paper noted that the field was 300 feet wide and 400 feet long. At both sides stood two 12-foot high posts about 20 feet apart. White lines were drawn in plaster to mark the boundaries of the field. A string was drawn from one post to the other eight feet from the ground, and \"the point of the game was to get the ball over the string or goal.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0016-0002", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, vs. Toronto\nThe game was declared a draw after the teams played two hard-fought, 45-minute innings without either team scoring. The Free Press called it \"One of The Most Exciting Sporting Events Ever Seen at Recreation Park\" and credited the efforts of both teams: \"This was the result of Saturday's match and at its close both teams were awarded rounds of cheers. The playing on both sides was marked by perfect courtesy and the honors of the game were evenly divided.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0017-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, vs. Toronto\nMichigan's lineup against Toronto was David DeTarr (captain), Frank Gates Allen, Thomas R. Edwards, William W. Hannan, Richard Guy DePuy, Collins H. Johnston, Jack A. Green, John Chase, Edmond Barmore, Frank Reed and Charles S. Mitchell. Captain Rogers of the Yale Foot Ball Club served as referee. W. Axford was the umpire for Michigan, and J. H. Campbell was the umpire for Toronto.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026521-0018-0000", "contents": "1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, Players, Starting lineup against Racine\nThe following players were the first Michigan football team that played against Racine in May 1879:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 79], "content_span": [80, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026522-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1879 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1879 to elect the governor of Minnesota. Incumbent John S. Pillsbury was reelected to a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026522-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nAra Barton was the initial Greenback nominee, but he declined the nomination and was replaced by William Meigher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026523-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Mudgee colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Mudgee on 6 January 1879 because of the resignation of Sir John Robertson who was then appointed to the Legislative Council, to facilitate the coalition of his supporters and those of Sir Henry Parkes to form an effective government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026523-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Mudgee colonial by-election, Aftermath\nIn March 1879 the Committee of Elections and Qualifications overturned the election of Richard Rouse and declared that David Buchanan was elected as the member for Mudgee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026524-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Mudgee colonial election re-count\nIn March 1879 the Elections and Qualifications Committee overturned the 1879 Mudgee by-election, in which Richard Rouse had been declared elected by a margin of 1 vote over David Buchanan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026524-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Mudgee colonial election re-count\nThe committee declared that Richard Rouse had not been elected the member for Mudgee, however no by-election was conducted. Instead instead the committee declared that David Buchanan had been elected. No reasons were published however The Sydney Morning Herald stated that it appeared that the majority of Mr Rouse was created by illegal voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026524-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Mudgee colonial election re-count, Petition\nBuchannan's supporters petitioned the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly against the return of Rouse, alleging that", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026525-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 NYU Violets football team\nThe 1879 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University in the 1879 college football season. The team played three games, losing to Stevens Institute of Technology twice and tying them once.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026526-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1879 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy in the 1879 college football season. The team was the first intercollegiate football squad to represent the United States Naval Academy. The team had no coach, as it was entirely student-operated; however, it was captained by squad member Bill Maxwell. The team played just a single game, which was a scoreless tie with the Baltimore Athletic Club. The team was entirely student operated, and was not supported by the Naval Academy's faculty. The school would not have another football squad until 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026526-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Navy Midshipmen football team, Background\nIt is widely believed by football researchers that the playing of intercollegiate football began in November 1869, when a player at Rutgers University challenged another player at the nearby College of New Jersey (now Princeton). The contest more closely resembled soccer, with teams scoring by kicking a ball into the opponent's net, and lacked a uniform rules structure. The game developed slowly; the first rules were drafted in October 1873, and only consisted of twelve guidelines. Even though the number of teams participating in the sport increased, the game was still effectively controlled by the College of New Jersey, who claimed eight national championships in ten years. Only Yale presented any form of challenge, claiming four national championships in the same time period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 835]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026526-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Navy Midshipmen football team, Background\nThe birth of football at the Naval Academy is debated among historians. The most accepted occurrence was in 1869, when a midshipman (a student) returned from his leave with a football. While throwing the ball with a friend, it was dropped and a group of fellow midshipmen attempted to take it. A contest was eventually organized, which ended abruptly when the ball was kicked into the Severn River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026526-0002-0001", "contents": "1879 Navy Midshipmen football team, Background\nHowever, biographer C. Douglas Kroll stated that the first evidence of a form of football at the United States Naval Academy came in 1857, but the school's cadets lost interest in the game shortly afterward, a theory supported by journalist Jack Clary. Regardless, the sport had been banned for several years prior to 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026526-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary\nThere were two separate efforts to establish a Naval Academy football team in 1879. The first was guided by first-classman J.H. Robinson, who developed it as a training regiment to help keep the school's baseball team in shape. The team played the sport under rules that made it much closer to soccer, where the players were permitted only to kick the ball in order to advance it. The second effort, headed by first-classman William John Maxwell was more successful in its efforts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026526-0003-0001", "contents": "1879 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary\nMaxwell met with two of his friends, Tunstall Smith and Henry Woods, who played for the Baltimore Athletic Club and officially challenged their team to a game with the Naval Academy. A team was formed from academy first-classmen, which Maxwell led as a manager, trainer, and captain. The team would wake up and practice before reveille and following drill and meals. The squad received encouragement from some of the faculty, who allowed them to eat a late dinner and skip final drill for additional practicing. This was against the direct orders of the school superintendent, who had banned football and similar activities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026526-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary\nThe year's sole contest was played on December 11 against the Baltimore Athletic Club. The opposition's team was reportedly composed of players from Princeton, Yale, Pennsylvania, and Johns Hopkins. The Naval Academy hosted the Baltimore team on a temporary field drawn on part of the superintendent's cow pasture. Rules decided upon between the teams established that the game was to be played under rugby rules. The Baltimore American and Chronicle, which covered the contest, described it as such:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026526-0005-0000", "contents": "1879 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary\nThe game was closely fought and was finally declared a scoreless tie by the referee about an hour after it began. Navy reportedly never gained possession of the ball. However, the Naval Academy managed to keep the Baltimore Athletic Club from ever being in a scoring position. On three separate occasions, Navy forced Baltimore back into its own end zone for a safety; these were not worth any points until 1882, however, so they offered Navy no benefit. The American and Chronicle reported that Maxwell, Craven, and Sample of Navy gave the strongest performances, but were also reckless in their play and were repeatedly penalized for jumping offside or kicking the ball out of play, a form of delay of game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026526-0006-0000", "contents": "1879 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary\nSome time after the game, Walter Camp, known as the \"Father of American Football\", credited Maxwell as the inventor of the first football uniform. After he was informed that the Baltimore team he was playing outweighed his by an average of ten pounds, Maxwell looked for a way to make the teams more evenly matched. Using his knowledge of sailing, he decided to design a sleeveless canvas jacket which would make his players \"difficult to grasp when they began to sweat\". He presented the design to the academy's tailor, who created the double-lined jackets which \"were laced down the front and drawn tightly to fit snugly around a player's body\". The weighted suits were worn by the team, which was confused by the \"strangle, heavy, newfangled getups\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026526-0007-0000", "contents": "1879 Navy Midshipmen football team, Players\nThe 1879 Naval Academy team was made up of fifteen players at four different positions. The squad consisted of ten forwards, two halfbacks, two wholebacks, and one three-quarterback. Maxwell, in addition to playing as a rusher, served as team manager and captain. John F. Luby, a first-classman, served as an unofficial assistant coach. Only first-classmen were asked to participate on the team. The age of the players, however, ranged several years due to the academy's admission policy; the school allowed for men between the ages of 14 and 18 to be admitted as first year students, which future player John B. Patton remarked made it \"just a boys' school\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026526-0008-0000", "contents": "1879 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath\nThe first postseason college football game would not be played until 1902, with the Pasadena Tournament of Roses' establishment of the east-west tournament game, later known as the Rose Bowl. The Midshipmen would not participate in their first Rose Bowl until the 1923 season, when they went 5\u20131\u20132 and tied with the Washington Huskies 14\u201314 in the match. According to statistics compiled by the National Championship Foundation, Parke Davis, and the Billingsley college football research center, Yale was declared the 1882 season champion, giving them their eighth overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026526-0009-0000", "contents": "1879 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath\nThe Naval Academy would not produce another football team until the 1882 season. The 1882 team would be the first with a coach, being supported by Academy officials. The 1879 season was the last time that a Navy squad would play the Baltimore Athletic Club. Navy would finish the 1880s with four winning seasons, and an overall record of 14\u201312\u20132, with one of those ties being the game against the Baltimore Athletic Club. Navy would outscore their opponents 292\u2013231, and would finish the 19th century with an overall record of 54\u201319\u20133. The lack of a coach for the 1879 season was one of the two times the Naval Academy squad lacked one, the other time being from 1883 through 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026527-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 New York state election\nThe 1879 New York state election was held on November 4, 1879, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the secretary state, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer and the state engineer, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026527-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 New York state election, History\nDue to the increase of the governor's term to three years by an amendment in 1874, this was the first time the governor and the state cabinet officers were elected at the same time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026527-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 New York state election, History\nThe Greenback-Labor state convention met on August 28 and 29 at Utica, New York. William Voorhis was president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026527-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on September 3. James W. Wadsworth was nominated for comptroller on the first ballot (vote: Wadsworth 273, John C. Churchill 152). Joseph B. Carr was nominated for secretary of state during the first ballot. Nathan D. Wendell was nominated for treasurer on the first ballot (vote: Wendell 279, Richard A. Elmer 83, Francis B. Brower 54, Francis C. Marvin 19). Hamilton Ward was nominated for attorney general during the first ballot. Howard Soule was nominated for state engineer by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026527-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 New York state election, History\nThe Prohibition state convention met on September 3 at Syracuse, New York. James H. Bronson, of Amsterdam, was chairman. They nominated John W. Mears, of Oneida County, for governor; James H. Bronson for lieutenant governor; Alphonso A. Hopkins for secretary of state; Caleb W. Allis, of Onondaga County, for comptroller; Stephen Merritt for treasurer; Walter Farrington for attorney general; and John J. Hooker for state engineer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026527-0005-0000", "contents": "1879 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on September 11 at Wieting Hall in Syracuse, New York. Before the first ballot for governor was taken, the Tammany delegates left the convention. Then the incumbent Governor Lucius Robinson was re-nominated on the first ballot (vote: Robinson 243, Henry W. Slocum 56, Clarkson N. Potter 1, Horatio Seymour 1). Clarkson N. Potter was nominated for lieutenant governor by acclamation. Then the incumbents Beach, Olcott, Mackin, Seymour and Schoonmaker were re-nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026527-0006-0000", "contents": "1879 New York state election, History\nThe seceding Tammany delegates re-assembled at Shakespeare Hall. David Dudley Field was president. John Kelly was nominated for governor by acclamation. A Committee of Fifteen was appointed to ponder the question how to proceed and if a whole state ticket should be nominated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026527-0007-0000", "contents": "1879 New York state election, Results\nDue to the split of the Democratic vote, Cornell had an easy victory over Robinson. Almost all the other offices were won by the Republicans in a very tight race, only State Engineer Seymour managed to be re-elected on the Democratic ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026527-0007-0001", "contents": "1879 New York state election, Results\nAt the time, political commentators voiced their surprise about the strange inconsistency of, on the one side, the total number of votes for Governor compared to the vote for the other state offices on the Republican ticket, and, on the other side, the combined vote of Robinson and Kelly compared to the vote for the other state offices on the joint Democratic/Tammany ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026527-0008-0000", "contents": "1879 New York state election, Results\nThe incumbents Robinson, Beach, Olcott, Schoonmaker and Mackin were defeated. The incumbent Seymour was re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026527-0009-0000", "contents": "1879 New York state election, Results\nObs . : For candidates nominated on more than one ticket, the numbers are the total votes on all tickets. \"Scattering votes\" (includes votes given for Socialist Labor, Working Men, Jeffersonian Democratic, non-running and non-existing candidates) ranging between 3,900 and 5,312 for the various offices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026528-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 New Zealand general election\nThe New Zealand general election of 1879 was held between 28 August and 15 September 1879 to elect a total of 88 MPs to the 7th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The M\u0101ori vote was held on 8 September. A total of 82,271 (66.5%) European voters turned out to vote, plus 14,553 M\u0101ori voters. Following the election, John Hall formed a new government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026528-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 New Zealand general election, Background\nFormal political parties had not been established yet; this only happened after the 1890 election. The same 73 electorates were used as for the last election, which was held in 1875\u201376. In October 1875, Parliament passed the Representation Act 1875, which resolved to increase the size of Parliament to 88 representatives across the 73 electorates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026528-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 New Zealand general election, Background\nTwo of the electorates were represented by three members each (Christchurch and Dunedin. A further eleven electorates were represented by two members each (Auckland West, Franklin, Grey Valley, Hokitika, Napier, City of Nelson, Thames, Wairarapa, Waitaki, Wanganui and City of Wellington). The remaining 60 electorates were represented by a single member each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026528-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 New Zealand general election, Background\nThe election came about when George Grey's government was defeated in a no-confidence motion in July. He successfully requested a dissolution from the Governor of New Zealand, Sir Hercules Robinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026528-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 New Zealand general election, Background\nMale M\u0101ori received universal suffrage (two years before European males were granted universal suffrage). The parliamentary term was reduced from five to three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026528-0005-0000", "contents": "1879 New Zealand general election, Date\nThe election was held between 28 August and 15 September. The date of election is defined here as the day on which the poll took place, or if there was no contest, the day of nomination. The earliest date was the nomination meeting in the Avon electorate, where William Rolleston was declared elected unopposed. The last elections were held on 15 September, where John Studholme and Edward George Wright were elected in the Gladstone and Coleridge electorates, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 39], "content_span": [40, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026528-0006-0000", "contents": "1879 New Zealand general election, Date\nThe election in the Maori electorates were held on 8 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 39], "content_span": [40, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026528-0007-0000", "contents": "1879 New Zealand general election, Candidates\nAt the nomination meeting in the Waimea electorate on 5 September 1879, Joseph Shephard, Albert Pitt, Oswald Curtis and Acton Adams were proposed, the latter three without their knowledge or consent, presumably by opponents of George Grey who had the support of Shephard. With Pitt, Curtis and Adams all formally withdrawing from the contest, the returning officer declared Shephard elected unopposed. In 14 seats there was only one candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026528-0008-0000", "contents": "1879 New Zealand general election, Result\nIn the European electorates, the male population over 21 years of age was 116,008. Of those, 82,271 were enrolled and the turnout was 66.5%. The male M\u0101ori population was estimated at 14,553, of which 6,686 voted (turnout 46%). The Maori statistics are to be treated with caution, though, as not much emphasis was put into precise data gathering. When the first Maori roll was established for the 1949 election, for example, more votes were cast than were voters on the roll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026528-0009-0000", "contents": "1879 New Zealand general election, Result\nThe initial results showed a virtual deadlock with no clear winner. Inititially the opposition seemed to have won slightly more seats than the \"Greyites\" (supporters of Grey) but not enough to claim a majority outright. However, after several days of negotiations a new ministry was formed by John Hall who had ensured support from 45 members, with 41 backing Grey and 2 Independent of either faction. Upon Grey's rejection, James Macandrew was unanimously elected leader of the liberals and sought to oust Hall and form a new ministry, but was denied after Hall induced four Auckland liberals (known as the \"Auckland rats\") to cross the floor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026528-0010-0000", "contents": "1879 New Zealand general election, Result\nGeorge Grey was elected in both the Thames and the City of Christchurch electorates. Grey came first in the three-member Christchurch electorate (Samuel Paull Andrews and Edward Stevens came second with equal numbers of votes, and only 23 votes ahead of Edward Richardson). Richardson petitioned against Grey's return on technical grounds, as Grey had already been elected in the Thames electorate. The electoral commission unseated Grey on 24 October, with Richardson offered to fill this vacancy a few days later. Grey kept the Thames seat and remained a member of parliament through that constituency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026528-0011-0000", "contents": "1879 New Zealand general election, Result\nLaws were passed to confirm the results in three electorates where there was some doubt about the legitimacy of the results to confirm the winner (1879; the electorates were Marsden, Northern Maori and Western Maori); and to clarify the law about electoral petitions (1880):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026528-0012-0000", "contents": "1879 New Zealand general election, Result\na George Grey was unseated on petition in Christchurch, as he had already been elected in the Thames electorate", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026528-0013-0000", "contents": "1879 New Zealand general election, Government formation\nFollowing the election, John Hall formed a new government on 8 October 1879, and Hall thus became the 12th Premier of New Zealand. The Hall Ministry stayed in power until 21 April 1882, i.e. some months after the next general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026529-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 North Norfolk by-election\nThe North Norfolk by-election of 1879 was fought on 21 January 1879. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, James Duff. It was won by the Conservative candidate Edward Birkbeck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026530-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Norwegian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Norway in 1879. The elections were not held on a specific date, as the various cities and Amts held the election at their own choice. Instead, the elections stretched from June to several months later. Voting rights were highly limited, as women were not allowed to vote and there were strong restrictions on men's ability to vote. It has been estimated that only 2.5% of the population of Christiania (Oslo), and 4.6% of the national population, was eligible to vote. The national election turnout was 48.7% (85% in Christiania), and 114 representatives were elected for the Norwegian Parliament, an increase of three seats compared to the Storting elected in 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026530-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Norwegian parliamentary election\nWhile there were no official parties, two informal groups existed, namely Venstre, or \"the Liberals\" (de liberale), and H\u00f8ire. The latter list was called Aftenpostens og Morgenbladets liste in Christiania. The Venstre opposition, led by Johan Sverdrup, gained popularity particularly in the districts, while H\u00f8ire remained the most popular in the cities. In Christiania, the Aftenpostens og Morgenbladets liste won about 1,800 of the votes, while Venstre won about 600.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026531-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1879 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 14, 1879. Republican nominee Charles Foster defeated Democratic nominee Thomas Ewing Jr. with 50.25% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026532-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Ontario general election\nThe 1879 Ontario general election was the fourth general election held in the province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on June 5, 1879, to elect the 88 members of the 4th Legislative Assembly (\"MLAs\").", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026532-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Liberal Party, led by Oliver Mowat, won a third term in government with a larger majority in the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026532-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Conservative Party, led by William Ralph Meredith, continued to lose seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026533-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Open Championship\nThe 1879 Open Championship was the 19th Open Championship, held 27 September at the Old Course at St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Jamie Anderson won the Championship for the third successive time, by three strokes from Jamie Allan and Andrew Kirkaldy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026533-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Open Championship\nPlay started at 10:00 am in fine conditions. In the first round Anderson reach the turn in 41 and his round of 84 gave him a two shot lead over Andrew Kirkaldy. In the afternoon he again reached the turn in 41. Andrew Kirkaldy and Jamie Allen were amongst the early starters and with four holes left to play it was known that Anderson needed four fives to win the Championship. He holed a long putt at the 15th and with steady play at the 16th and 17th and a four at the last he won comfortably. Allan and Kirkaldy had an 18-hole play-off two days later to decide who took the second and third place prize money.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026533-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Open Championship, Final leaderboard, Playoff\nAllan and Kirkaldy played an 18-hole play-off two days later. Kirkaldy scored 91 to Allan's 92 and took the second prize of \u00a36, Allan taking the third prize of \u00a35. Playoffs for other positions are mentioned but details are not known.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 50], "content_span": [51, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026534-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Orange colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Orange on 4 March 1879. It was triggered because the Elections and Qualifications Committee held that Edward Combes position of Executive Commissioner for New South Wales at the Paris International Exhibition was an office of profit under the crown and his seat was declared vacant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026535-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1879 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1879 college football season. They finished with a 2\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026536-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Pennsylvania Military Academy football team\nThe 1879 Pennsylvania Military Academy football team represented Pennsylvania Military Academy during the 1879 college football season. The team played Swarthmore, Penn, and as one cadet put it, \u201cwhoever we could inveigle into coming to us.\u201d The game against the Crescents Football Club was reported to be first game ever played at the Military Academy. The result of the contest with Swarthmore is not known.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026537-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 19 October 1879. The result was a landslide victory for the Progressive Party, which won 106 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026538-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe 1879 Prince Edward Island election was held on 4 February 1879 to elect members of the House of Assembly of the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada. It was won by the Conservative party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026539-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1879 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1879 college football season. The team finished with a 4\u20130\u20131 record and was retroactively named national champion by the Billingsley Report and National Championship Foundation and as co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. This season was Princeton's ninth national championship, and one of 11 in a 13-year period between 1869 and 1881. The team's captain was Bland Ballard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026540-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Providence Grays season\nThe 1879 Providence Grays won the National League title in only their second season in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026540-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026540-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026540-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026541-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Racine College football team\nThe 1879 Racine College football team represented Racine College during the 1879 college football season. Racine and the University of Michigan inaugurated college football in the Midwest with a match played on May 30, 1879. Michigan won, 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026542-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1879 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 2, 1879. Incumbent Republican Charles C. Van Zandt defeated Democratic nominee Thomas W. Segar with 62.09% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026543-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1879 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1879 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 1\u20132\u20133 record and were outscored by their opponents 11 to 5. The team had no coach, and its captains were N. W. Voorhees and C. I. Haring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026544-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 SAFA season\nThe 1879 South Australian Football Association season was the 3rd season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026544-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 SAFA season\nThe Norwood Football Club went on to record its 2nd consecutive premiership, going through the season undefeated. The Kensington Football Club received its second consecutive wooden spoon, failing to win a game, and extending its winless streak to 27. Several disputes between South Adelaide and the other clubs arose during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026544-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 SAFA season, Intercolonial matches\nDuring 1879, a team representing the South Australian Football Association) toured Victoria, and played two intercolonial matches against an Association representative team; the first on a public holiday Tuesday, and the other on the following Saturday. The games were the first ever intercolonial matches between colony representative teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 39], "content_span": [40, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026545-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1879 Scottish Cup Final was the sixth final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1878\u201379 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The match was played at Hampden Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 19 April 1879 and was watched by a crowd of 6,000 spectators. The final was contested by the defending champions Vale of Leven and Rangers who had never won the cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026545-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Scottish Cup Final\nThe match finished 1\u20131 and would have been replayed; however, Rangers objected to a disallowed goal in the original match and refused to play the replay and the cup was awarded to Vale of Leven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026545-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nTwo-time defending champions Vale of Leven reached the final for the third time and had lifted the trophy in both their previous appearances in 1876 and 1877. A third triumph would equal both Queen's Park's records at the time for most Scottish Cup wins and most consecutive Scottish Cup wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026545-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nThe match marked the third time Vale of Leven and Rangers would contest a Scottish Cup tie. Vale won both previous meetings but had required replays to do so, although they would win the trophy on both occasions. They defeated Rangers 3\u20132 after a second replay in the 1877 final and advanced from a fourth round replay with a 5\u20130 win in 1877\u201378.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026545-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final\nBoth teams progressed through six previous rounds to reach the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026546-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Senegal by-election\nA by-election for the French National Assembly was held in Senegal in 1879. Although Mar\u00e9chal received over 50% of the vote in the first round, he did not reach the quorum of 25% of registered voters. Alfred Gasconi, the Republican candidate, was elected in the second round of voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026546-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Senegal by-election, Background\nThe single Senegalese seat in the National Assembly had been abolished by a decree of 2 February 1852. Although it was restored in 1871, a new electoral law was passed in 1875 that did not mention Senegal, meaning no MP was elected in 1876 or 1877. However, a decree of 1879 reinstated the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026546-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Senegal by-election, Electoral system\nThe election was held using the two-round system, with a candidate required to get over 50% of the vote and a number of votes equivalent to 25% of the registered voters to win in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026547-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 South Warwickshire by-election\nThe South Warwickshire by-election of 1879 was fought on 21 February 1879. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Earl of Yarmouth, becoming comptroller of the Household. It was retained by the Earl of Yarmouth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026548-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Southern Maori by-election\nThe 1879 Southern Maori by-election was a by-election held on 7 July 1879 in the Southern Maori electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026548-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Southern Maori by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP H\u014dri Kerei Taiaroa when he was appointed to the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026549-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Spanish general election\nThe 1879 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 20 April and on Saturday, 3 May 1879, to elect the 1st Restoration Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 392 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026549-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Spanish general election\nThis was the first election held under the Spanish Constitution of 1876 and the new electoral law of 1878, which re-established censitary suffrage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026549-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Spanish general election, Overview, Background\nThe Spanish Constitution of 1876 enshrined Spain as a constitutional monarchy, awarding the King power to name senators and to revoke laws, as well as the title of commander-in-chief of the army. The King would also play a key role in the system of El Turno Pac\u00edfico (the Peaceful Turn) by appointing and toppling governments and allowing the opposition to take power. Under this system, the Conservative and Liberal parties alternated in power by means of election rigging, which they achieved through the encasillado, using the links between the Ministry of Governance, the provincial civil governors, and the local bosses (caciques) to ensure victory and exclude minor parties from the power sharing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026549-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nThe Spanish Cortes were envisaged as \"co-legislative bodies\", based on a nearly perfect bicameralism. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate had legislative, control and budgetary functions, sharing equal powers except for laws on contributions or public credit, where the Congress had preeminence. Voting for the Cortes was on the basis of censitary suffrage, which comprised national males over twenty-five, being taxpayers with a minimum quota of twenty-five pesetas per territorial contribution or fifty per industrial subsidy, as well as being enrolled in the so-called capacity census (either by education criteria or for professional reasons).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026549-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nFor the Congress of Deputies, 88 seats were elected using a partial block voting in 26 multi-member constituencies, with the remaining 304 being elected under a one-round first-past-the-post system in single-member districts. Candidates winning a plurality in each constituency were elected. In constituencies electing eight seats, electors could vote for up to six candidates; in those with seven seats, for up to five candidates; in those with six seats, for up to four; in those with four or five seats, for up to three candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026549-0004-0001", "contents": "1879 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nAdditionally, up to ten deputies could be elected through cumulative voting in several single-member constituencies, provided that they obtained more than 10,000 votes overall. The Congress was entitled to one member per each 50,000 inhabitants, with each multi-member constituency being allocated a fixed number of seats: 8 for Madrid, 5 for Barcelona and Palma, 4 for Seville and 3 for Alicante, Almer\u00eda, Badajoz, Burgos, C\u00e1diz, Cartagena, C\u00f3rdoba, Granada, Ja\u00e9n, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coru\u00f1a, Lugo, M\u00e1laga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza. The law also provided for by-elections to fill seats vacated throughout the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026549-0005-0000", "contents": "1879 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nFor the Senate, 180 seats were indirectly elected, with electors voting for delegates instead of senators. Elected delegates\u2014equivalent in number to one-sixth of the councillors in each municipal corporation\u2014would then vote for senators using a write-in, two-round majority voting system. The provinces of \u00c1lava, Albacete, \u00c1vila, Biscay, the Canary Islands, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Guip\u00fazcoa, Huelva, Logro\u00f1o, Matanzas, Palencia, Pinar del R\u00edo, Puerto Pr\u00edncipe, Santa Clara, Santander, Santiago de Cuba, Segovia, Soria, Teruel and Valladolid were allocated two seats each, whereas each of the remaining provinces was allocated three seats, for a total of 147.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026549-0005-0001", "contents": "1879 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nThe remaining 33 were allocated to a number of institutions, electing one seat each\u2014the Archdioceses of Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Cuba, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; the Royal Spanish Academy; the Royal Academies of History, Fine Arts, Sciences, Moral and Political Sciences and Medicine; the Universities of Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Havana, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; and the Economic Societies of Friends of the Country from Madrid, Barcelona, Cuba\u2013Puerto Rico, Le\u00f3n, Seville and Valencia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026549-0005-0002", "contents": "1879 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nAn additional 180 seats comprised senators in their own right\u2014the Monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age; Grandees of Spain of the first class; Captain Generals of the Army and the Navy Admiral; the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops; as well as other high-ranking state figures\u2014and senators for life (who were appointed by the Monarch).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026549-0006-0000", "contents": "1879 Spanish general election, Overview, Election date\nThe term of each House of the Cortes\u2014the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate\u2014expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The Monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both Houses at any given time\u2014either jointly or separately\u2014and call a snap election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026550-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Stevens football team\nThe 1879 Stevens Ducks football team was an American football team that represented Stevens Institute of Technology in the 1879 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20132\u20135 record and was outscored by a total of 12 to 6. The team played its home games at the St. George's Cricket Club grounds in Hoboken, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026551-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Swiss referendums\nTwo referendums were held in Switzerland in January and May 1879. A federal law on subsidies for railways in the Alps was passed by 70.7% of voters on 19 January, whilst a referendum on abolishing the constitutional ban on the death penalty on 18 May was passed by 52.5% of voters and a majority of cantons. Following the vote, ten of the 26 cantons reintroduced the death penalty during the 1880s and 1890s and nine executions occurred before its nationwide abolition in 1938, when a new criminal code (which overrode cantonal penal codes) was approved in a referendum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026551-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Swiss referendums, Background\nThe January referendum on rail subsidies was classed as an optional referendum, which meant that only a majority of the public vote was required for the proposals to be approved. The referendum on the death penalty involved amending article 65 of the federal constitution, and was a mandatory referendum, which required both a majority of voters and cantons to approve the proposals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026552-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Syracuse Stars season\nAfter finishing in second place in the International Association in 1878, the Syracuse Stars joined the rival National League for the 1879 baseball season. However, on September 10, with a seventh-place 22\u201348 record, they folded operations with a handful of games remaining.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026552-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Syracuse Stars season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026552-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Syracuse Stars season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026552-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Syracuse Stars season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026552-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 Syracuse Stars season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026553-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Troy Trojans season\nThe 1879 season was the National League debut for the Troy Trojans. They finished the season 19\u201356, last in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026553-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Troy Trojans season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026553-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Troy Trojans season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026553-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 Troy Trojans season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026553-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 Troy Trojans season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026554-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Giraffer (talk | contribs) at 07:44, 18 June 2020 (Adding short description: \"1879 House elections in California\" (Shortdesc helper)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026554-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1879 were elections for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred on September 3, 1879. California's delegation remained unchanged, at three Republicans and one Democrat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026554-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results\nFinal results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [69, 76], "content_span": [77, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026555-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 United States Senate election in New York\nThe 1879 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 21, 1879, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 3) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026555-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nRepublican Roscoe Conkling had been re-elected in January 1873 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026555-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nAt the State election in November 1877, 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1878-1879) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1878, 97 Republicans, 28 Democrats and 3 Greenbackers were elected for the session of 1879 to the Assembly, and Republican Thomas Murphy was elected to fill the vacancy in the State Senate caused by the death of Democrat John Morrissey. The 102nd New York State Legislature met from January 7 to May 22, 1879, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026555-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus\nThe caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 20, Temporary President of the State Senate William H. Robertson presided. Present were all Republican legislators except State Senator Louis S. Goebel (6th D.) and Assemblyman James W. Wadsworth. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Conkling unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026555-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Democratic caucus\nThe caucus of the Democratic State legislators met also on January 20. State Senator Thomas C. E. Ecclesine (8th D.) offered to adopt a prostest against the senatorial election proceedings, claiming that the senatorial and assembly districts were incorrectly apportioned and thus the State Legislature did not represent the wish of the people of the State. The protest was substituted by a resolution to appoint a committee which would elaborate an address on the apportionment at a later date. Ecclesine then marched out, and the remaining legislators nominated Lieutenant Governor William Dorsheimer for the U.S. Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026555-0005-0000", "contents": "1879 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Greenback\nThe two Greenback assemblymen John Banfield (Chemung Co.) and George E. Williams (Oswego Co.) voted for 87-year-old Peter Cooper, a New York City inventor, industrialist and philanthropist who had run for U.S. President in 1876 on the Greenback ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 69], "content_span": [70, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026555-0006-0000", "contents": "1879 United States Senate election in New York, Result\nRoscoe Conkling was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026555-0007-0000", "contents": "1879 United States Senate election in New York, Result\nNote: The votes were cast on January 21, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 22 to compare nominations, and declare the result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026555-0008-0000", "contents": "1879 United States Senate election in New York, Aftermath\nConkling remained in office until May 17, 1881, when he resigned in protest against the distribution of federal patronage in New York by President James A. Garfield without being consulted. The crisis between the Stalwart and the Half-Breed factions of the Republican party arose when the leader of the New Yorker Half-Breeds William H. Robertson was appointed Collector of the Port of New York, a position Conkling wanted to give to one of his Stalwart friends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026556-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1879 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on January 20, 1879. J. Donald Cameron was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026556-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Background\nAfter Sen. Simon Cameron resigned from office, his son J. Donald Cameron was elected by the General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, in 1877 to serve the remainder of the unexpired term, which was to expire on March 4, 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 62], "content_span": [63, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026556-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results\nThe Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on January 20, 1879, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1879. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 59], "content_span": [60, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026557-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 University of Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of University of Sydney on 15 July 1879 because William Windeyer resigned to accept a temporary appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026557-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 University of Sydney colonial by-election\nWhile there was no qualification for candidates, Edmund Barton had graduated with a Master of Arts in 1870. and Arthur Renwick was an examiner in medicine and had been elected to the Senate of the University of Sydney in 1877. Barton was the unsuccessful candidate for the seat at the first election in 1876, while this was Renwick's first attempt at parliament. Renwick would be elected to parliament 4 months later at the East Sydney by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026558-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 VFA season\nThe 1879 Victorian Football Association season was the third season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club. It was the club's second VFA premiership, and the second in a sequence of three consecutive premierships won from 1878 to 1880; for the second consecutive season, Geelong was unbeaten during the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026558-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 VFA season, Association membership\nThe South Melbourne Football Club entered the senior ranks of the Association in 1879; and, while St Kilda was nominally a senior club to begin the year, it was in a weakened state and dropped out of competition midway through the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026558-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 VFA season, Association membership\nThe status of the Geelong Football Club also changed subtly in 1879. It had been a senior Association club since 1877, but it had played primarily against other provincial teams during 1877 and 1878. In its first premiership year of 1878, it played only four senior matches against metropolitan clubs; in 1879, it played nine senior matches against metropolitan clubs. As such, although there was no formal change in its senior status, Geelong effectively shifted from being a provincial team, to being a provincially based team competing in the metropolitan competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026558-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 VFA season, 1879 VFA premiership\nThe 1879 premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club, the club's second in succession, finishing the season unbeaten with fifteen wins and one match, against West Melbourne, being abandoned as a draw five minutes from half-time after torrential rain swept the ground. Carlton finished second with sixteen wins and drew two draws from twenty-two games, and new senior club South Melbourne finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026558-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 VFA season, 1879 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe below table details the playing records of the eight senior clubs in all matches during the 1879 season. Two sets of results are given:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026558-0005-0000", "contents": "1879 VFA season, 1879 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Australasian newspaper. The VFA had no formal process by which the clubs were ranked, so the below order should be considered indicative only, particularly since the fixturing of matches was not standardised; however, the top three placings were later acknowledged in publications including the Football Record and are considered official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026558-0006-0000", "contents": "1879 VFA season, Intercolonial matches\nDuring 1879, a team representing the South Australian Football Association) toured Victoria, and played two intercolonial matches against an Association representative team; the first on a public holiday Tuesday, and the other on the following Saturday. The games were the first ever intercolonial matches between colony representative teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 38], "content_span": [39, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026559-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Welsh Cup Final\nThe 1879 Welsh Cup Final, was the 2nd in the competition. It was contested by Newtown White Star and Wrexham at the Cricket Field, Oswestry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026560-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Wimbledon Championship\nThe 1879 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 7 July until 16 July. It was the 3rd staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1879. The entry for the 1879 all comers' tournament was 45, of whom 36 were newcomers. The all comers' final was watched by 1100 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026560-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 Wimbledon Championship, Gentlemen's singles, All Comers' Final\nJohn Hartley defeated  Vere St. Leger Goold, 6\u20132, 6\u20134, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026560-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 Wimbledon Championship, Gentlemen's singles, Second place match\nVere St. Leger Goold defeated  Cecil Parr, 4\u20136, 6\u20132, 5\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026561-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Wimbledon Championship \u2013 Singles\nJohn Hartley defeated Vere St. Leger Goold 6\u20132, 6\u20134, 6\u20132 in the All Comers' Final to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1879 Wimbledon Championships. The reigning champion Frank Hadow did not defend his title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026562-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1879 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1879. Incumbent Republican Governor William E. Smith ran for re-election to a second term. The Democratic convention initially nominated Alexander Mitchell for Governor, but Mitchell declined the nomination; in his place, Milwaukee attorney James Graham Jenkins received the nomination. Smith and Jenkins also faced a Greenback candidate and a nominee from the nascent Prohibition Party in the general election. Jenkins ultimately won re-election in a landslide, winning 53% of the vote Jenkins's 40%. Reuben May, the Greenback nominee, received only 7% of the vote, a significant erosion from the Party's 15% in 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026563-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1879 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1879 college football season. The team finished with a 3\u20130\u20132 record and was retroactively named co-national champion by Parke H. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026564-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 college football season\nThe 1879 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Princeton and Yale having been selected as national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026564-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 college football season\nRacine College and the University of Michigan played the first football game in the Midwest. The 1879 Michigan Wolverines football team beat Racine in a game played in Chicago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026564-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 college football season\nThe US Naval Academy also had its first game; the team did not have a coach until 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026565-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in Afghanistan, Events, February\nFebruary 21: Amir Sher Ali Khan dies in Mazar-i-Sharif, leaving the throne to his son, Mohammad Yaqub Khan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026565-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 in Afghanistan, Events, May\nMay 26: Afghan and British leaders sign the Treaty of Gandamak during the Second Anglo-Afghan War. The treaty cedes parts of the Afghan frontier to Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026565-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 in Afghanistan, Events, October\nOctober 12: Mohammad Yaqub Khan abdicates and takes refuge in the British camp near Kabul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026567-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1879 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026568-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026568-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1879 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026568-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1879 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026569-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in Belgium\nThe following lists events that happened during 1879 in the Kingdom of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026572-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in Canada, Historical documents\nGovernment scheme to divide 100 million acres of Canadian Pacific Railway land for settlement", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026572-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 in Canada, Historical documents\nReport claims only self-reliance and industry can relieve distress of Indigenous people and anxiety of Metis (Note: racial stereotypes)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026572-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 in Canada, Historical documents\nOttawa memo outlines the \"utter destitution\" of some Indigenous people in the Northwest Territories", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026572-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 in Canada, Historical documents\nFederal commissioner reports on the dependency of Indigenous people at Fort Walsh", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026572-0004-0000", "contents": "1879 in Canada, Historical documents\nVisitor fears the Metis on the Assiniboine River will not hold on to their lands much longer", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026572-0005-0000", "contents": "1879 in Canada, Historical documents\nAll aboard the steamer Waubuno are lost in a gale on Georgian Bay", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026580-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in Japan\nEvents in the year 1879 in Japan. It corresponds to Meiji 12 in the Japanese calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026581-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1879 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026581-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nThe general election is held between 15 August and 1 September; a law was passed to confirm the result in three electorates (Marsden, Northern Maori and Western Maori); and to clarify the law about electoral petitions (1880). The 7th New Zealand Parliament commences.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026581-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nThe term of parliament is reduced from five years to three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026581-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nThe first annual competition between clubs from different centres begins between Christchurch and Dunedin clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026583-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1879 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026587-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1879 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026590-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1879 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026594-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1879 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026595-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1879  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026595-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 in baseball, Champions\nInter-league playoff:  Providence Grays (NL) def. Albany Blues (NA), 2 games to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026596-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in birding and ornithology\nBirds described in 1879 include the grey-headed silverbill, Macquarie rail, flame bowerbird, Cockerell's fantail, rufous-vented niltava, slaty cuckooshrike, Makira dwarf kingfisher, black-billed turaco, dusky-backed jacamar, buff-bellied tanager and the Santa Marta sabrewing, Rodrigues starling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026597-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026599-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in organized crime, Events, July\nJuly 22 \u2013 John Lynch, a member of the Pitt Street Gang, is arrested by police for stealing four ducks from Hester Street merchant Samuel Flock and tried at Essex Market Police Court. However, released due to lack of evidence, he was arrested the following afternoon by an officer of the Tenth Precinct after stealing four pails from the Eldridge Street store of an Abraham Bernstein. Pleading guilty, he was held at a $500 bail for trial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026600-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026600-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 in paleontology, Arthropods, Insects\nA gerrine water stridermoved to Telmatrechus stali (1890) moved to \"Gerris\" stali (1910) returned to Telmatrechus stali (1998)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026600-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named non-avian dinosaurs\nA nodosaurid ankylosaur, a member of Struthiosaurinae. The type species is A. curtonotus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026600-0003-0000", "contents": "1879 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named non-avian dinosaurs\nJunior subjective synonym of Allosaurus. The type species is Allosaurus lucaris Marsh, 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026601-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026601-0001-0000", "contents": "1879 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026601-0002-0000", "contents": "1879 in poetry, Deaths\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026602-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026603-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in science\nThe year 1879 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026604-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 in sports\n1879 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026607-0000-0000", "contents": "1879 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina\nThe 1879 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina was the first census of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina taken during the Austro-Hungarian occupation", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026608-0000-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1879\u201380 season was the seventh Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026608-0001-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nDumbarton began by beating the previous season's champions, Vale of Leven, in the first round. Thereafter Dumbarton enjoyed some big wins, including an 11\u20130 thrashing of Clyde, to reach the semi final, only to lose out to eventual winners, Queen's Park, Scotland's top side at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026608-0002-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Dumbarton F.C. season, Glasgow Charity Cup\nDumbarton were one of the four invitees to take part in the Glasgow Charity Cup but lost out to Rangers in the semi final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026608-0003-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDumbarton's fixture list continued to grow and expand across the country, with home and away fixtures being played against local rivals Vale of Leven, Rangers (Glasgow), Hearts and Hibs (Edinburgh) and Ayrshire Cup holders, Kilmarnock Athletic. In all, 16 'friendly' matches were played during the season, of these 7 were won, 2 drawn and 7 lost, scoring 48 and conceding 30.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026608-0004-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026608-0005-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International Caps\nA series of international trial matches were played to consider selection of teams to represent Scotland in the upcoming games against England and Wales, the first taking place on 28 February where J Anderson, Archie Lang, Alex Lawrence and Joe Lindsay all took part. The following week Lang played for the 'Improbables' XI to finally decide on the eleven to play against England - but was unsuccessful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026608-0006-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International Caps\nA further trial was held on 20 March to decide on the team to play Wales and as a result, Dumbarton's first international caps were awarded when Archie Lang and Joe Lindsay were selected to play for Scotland on 27 March 1880, the match resulting in a 5-1 win for Scotland with Lindsay scoring one of the goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026608-0007-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative Matches\nA series of trial matches were played at Cathkin Park on 10 January 1880 to decide on a United Counties team to play Birmingham & District. John Kennedy, Jock Hutcheson, Archie Lang and Alex Lawrence all played with Lang being selected for the final XI. However as the game fell on the same day as the Scottish Cup semi final, he decided to play for the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026608-0008-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative Matches\nFive weeks later, on 14 February, Lang was selected to play for Scotch Counties against a Scottish Canadian XI at Kinning Park - the game ending in a 2-2 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026609-0000-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 FA Cup\nThe 1879\u201380 Football Association Challenge Cup was the ninth staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. Fifty-four teams entered, eleven more than the previous season, although five of the fifty-four never played a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026610-0000-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nSeason 1879\u201380 was the fifth season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the fifth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026610-0001-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts reached the third round of the Scottish Cup losing to Edinburgh derby rivals Hibs in the third rounds, in a match played at Mayfield Park, in the Mayfield area of Edinburgh. It was the third attempt at staging the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026611-0000-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Hibernian F.C. season\nSeason 1879\u201380 was the third in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the third time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026611-0001-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nHibs reached the quarter-final of the Scottish Cup, losing 6\u20132 to Dumbarton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026611-0002-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nHibs defeated Edinburgh derby rivals Hearts in the third round, in a match played at Mayfield Park, in the Mayfield area of Edinburgh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026612-0000-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Home Nations rugby union matches\nThe 1879\u201380 Home Nations rugby union matches were a series of international rugby union friendlies held between the England, Ireland and Scotland national rugby union teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026612-0001-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Home Nations rugby union matches\nThe only recognised competition held between the countries was the annual Calcutta Cup match, contested between England and Scotland. It was the second challenge for the Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026612-0002-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Home Nations rugby union matches, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026613-0000-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Morton F.C. season\nThe 1879\u201380 season was Morton Football Club's third season in which they competed at a national level, entering the inaugural Scottish Cup. The club competed in the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0000-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup\nThe 1879\u201380 Scottish Cup \u2013 officially the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup \u2013 was the seventh season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. With 142 entrants, this season saw the largest number of teams to compete for the trophy since its inception. Three-time defending champions Vale of Leven lost their first match in the competition for four seasons when they were knocked out in the first round, losing 4\u20133 to rivals Dumbarton. Queen's Park regained the trophy as they won the competition for the fourth time after beating Thornliebank 3\u20130 in the final on 21 February 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0001-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, Format\nAs with the previous competitions, the seventh edition of the Scottish Cup took on the format of a traditional knockout tournament. For the earlier rounds, the names of competing teams were placed into lots according to their districts and drawn into pairs. The home team for each tie was determined by the toss of a coin unless it was mutually agreed or only one of the two clubs drawn against one another had a private ground. In the event of a draw, the team who lost the toss would have the choice of ground for the replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0001-0001", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, Format\nA similar procedure was used for subsequent rounds however, any club which had received a bye in the previous round would first be drawn against one of the winners of the previous round. The names of winning teams were placed into one lot for later rounds. The choice of venue for the final matches was reserved to the Scottish Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0002-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 142 teams entered the competition in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0003-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, First round\nAlthough 142 teams were entered in the competition, it was not uncommon for clubs to merge or fold without the Scottish Football Association being notified so they were still included in the draw for the cup. As a result, 25 teams were given walkovers into the second round. They joined Barrhead Rangers, Bellshill, Cartside, Dennistoun, High School, Kirkintilloch Athletic, Plains Bluebell, St Clement's, Stewarton Cunninghame, Strathmore and Tarbolton Burntonians who all received a bye to the second round. Glasgow University and Edinburgh University received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0004-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, First round\nThe first round got underway on 6 September 1879 when Beith drew with Kilbirnie. Both teams would advance to the second round after they drew their replay on 27 September and the Scottish Football Association decided to allow them both into the draw. The majority of the ties were played two weeks later. Defending champions Vale of Leven were handed a tough draw away to rivals Dumbarton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0004-0001", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, First round\nIt would be the first time the defending champions failed to make it past the first hurdle as a brace from Joseph Lindsay helped Dumbarton to a 4\u20133 win in their first competitive match at Boghead Park. Queen's Park and Rangers played out a goalless draw in front of 7,000 spectators at Kinning Park to set up a replay a week later while Kilmarnock Athletic defeated Ayr 6\u20130, Thornliebank won 4\u20130 at home to Yoker, Netherlee and Morton drew 0\u20130 and Renton were held to a 2\u20132 draw by Kilmarnock Thistle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0004-0002", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, First round\nIn the replays on 27 September, Queen's Park exacted revenge for the previous season's defeat as they trounced Rangers 5\u20131 at Hampden Park, Morton and Netherlee shared 11 goals as the former advanced 7\u20134 at Cappielow and Renton recorded the biggest win of the round, defeating Kilmarnock Thistle 8\u20130 away from home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0005-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, First round\nJamestown had defeated Star of Leven 2\u20131 on 20 September but would later be disqualified from the competition after the referee for their second round match against Kirkintilloch Athletic was found to be a member of the club. Star of Leven would be reinstated in the second round to play Kirkintilloch Athletic. The round concluded when Campsie Glen defeated Thistle Athletic 4\u20130 on 4 October after they had been ordered to replay the original match, which Campsie Glen also won, two weeks earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0006-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, Second round\nA further two sides scratched from the competition as Cumnock and Strathmore were given a walkover against Tarbolton Burntonians and St Clement's respectively while Arbroath, Parkgrove and Renfrew received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0007-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, Second round\nThe second round began on 4 October 1879 with Kilmarnock Athletic's 1\u20131 draw with Kilbirnie, however, most ties were played a week later. Queen's Park marched through to the third round with a resounding 14\u20131 win over 1st Lanark RV while there were also big wins for South Western (9\u20130 vs. Athole), Dumbarton (7\u20130 vs. Helensburgh) and Hurlford (8\u20131 vs. Maybole Carrick). Morton again shared 11 goals, this time with Arthurlie, but they were on the receiving end this time as the Barrhead side won 8\u20133 while Thornliebank won 6\u20131 at home to 17th Renfrew RV. Heart of Midlothian were ordered to replay their tie with Brunswick after the original match, a 4\u20132 win on 18 October, was ended in darkness. It made little difference as Hearts won 2\u20131 two days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0008-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, Second round\nThe second round originally concluded on 1 November 1879 when 3rd Lanark RV overcame Possil Bluebell 1\u20130 in a replay, however that was before Jamestown's disqualification. Jamestown had defeated Kirkintilloch Athletic 1\u20130 but, after their third round tie, it was discovered that the referee in that win had been a member of the club. As a result, but Kirkintilloch Athletic and Jamestown's first round opponents, Star of Leven, were reinstated to the competition to face off in the second round. Kirkintilloch Athletic won that match 5\u20132 on 15 November and they took on Jamestown's third round opponents Lennox in the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0009-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, Third round\nPossilpark were the lucky club to receive the only bye to the fourth round. The third round began on 1 November 1879 with a clutch of ties, included amongst them; Dumbarton's 5\u20130 win over Renton, Queen's Park's 5\u20131 triumph against Partick, Thornliebank's 1\u20130 defeat of Barrhead Rangers and Parkgrove's first match in the competition after they benefitted from a walkover and a bye in the previous rounds, a 6\u20132 defeat of Alexandra Athletic. Jamestown also recorded a 5\u20131 win against Lennox but it was to be the end of the road for the Dunbartonshire side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0009-0001", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, Third round\nAfter it was discovered the referee in their second round match with Kirkintilloch Athletic was a member of the club, Jamestown were disqualified and the three teams they had eliminated were reinstated. Kirkintilloch Athletic defeated Star of Leven in a second round tie on 15 November to set up the final third round tie on 22 November against Lennox, a match Kirkintilloch Athletic won 6\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0010-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, Third round\nIn the interim, Hamilton Academical defeated Excelsior 7\u20131 at South Haugh, Cumnock \u2013 one of three teams along with Parkgrove and Strathmore to reach the third round without playing a single game \u2013 lost 1\u20130 to Hurlford, Arbroath and Clyde recorded 6\u20131 wins against Strathmore and Ailsa respectively and Hibernian won 2\u20131 in the Edinburgh derby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0011-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, Fourth round\nThe fourth round saw a number of one-sided games. On 22 November 1879, three teams recorded double-figures scorelines; Dumbarton won 11\u20130 at home to Clyde, Queen's Park defeated Strathblane 10\u20131 at Hampden Park and Thornliebank won 12\u20130 at home to Possilpark. Hibernian drew 2\u20132 with Parkgrove and Kilbirnie drew 1\u20131 with Hurlford to set up replays the following week but all four sides advanced to the fifth round after both replays ended with the scored tied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0012-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, Fifth round\n3rd Lanark RV were the only team to receive a bye to the quarter-finals. All six of the fifth round ties were played on 20 December 1879 with one tie going to a reply the following week. Queen's Park recorded the biggest win of the competition as they defeated Hurlford 15\u20131 at Hampden Park. Thornliebank also recorded a double-figures as they beat Rob Roy 12\u20130 at home. A double from Quinn helped Hibernian to a 2\u20130 win at Connell Park against Mauchline while Dumbarton beat Kilbirnie 6\u20132 at Boghead Park. South Western and Parkgrove couldn't be separated as they drew 1\u20131 in the first match before South Western progressed with a 3\u20132 win in the replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0013-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, Quarter-finals\nWith just seven teams left, there were only three quarter-final ties and Queen's Park received a bye to the semi-finals. The original ties were played on 3 January 1880 with one replay a week later. Dumbarton and Pollokshields Athletic recorded comfortable home wins, 6\u20132 vs. Hibernian and 6\u20131 vs. South Western respectively. Thornliebank and 3rd Lanark RV played out a 1\u20131 draw at Cathkin Park before Thornliebank won the replay 2\u20131 at the same venue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 36], "content_span": [37, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0014-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, Semi-finals\nFor the first time in four seasons, two semi-finals were played. Both games were played on 17 January 1880. Queen's Park saw off Dumbarton 1\u20130 at Hampden Park to reach the final for the first time in four years while Thornliebank defeated Pollokshields Athletic 2\u20131 at home to reach the final for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026614-0015-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, Final\nThe final took place at Cathkin Park on 21 February 1880. It was Thornliebank's first appearance in the final but for Queen's Park, it was their fourth and on each of their previous three appearances, they lifted the trophy. Thomas Highet \u2013 who scored three goals in the 1876 final and replay, the last time Queen's Park won the competition \u2013 scored twice against Thornliebank to help Queen's Park to a 3\u20130 win and a fourth title, maintaining their 100 per cent record in Scottish Cup finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026615-0000-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1879\u201380 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026615-0001-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026615-0002-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe Inter-City match was due to be played on 1 December 1879 but was postponed due to frost. The 20 December match ended in a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026615-0003-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Districts season, History\nThere was supposed to be an East v Edinburgh District match but it was indefinitely postponed as Edinburgh wanted the match played in Edinburgh; or, if away, the match to be played in Perth with the provincial clubs to pay their own expenses. This was not agreed to and the match was cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026615-0004-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe East v West match was won handsomely by the East District.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026615-0005-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nGlasgow District: J. Hoggan (Glasgow University), M. Cross (Glasgow Academicals) [ captain], R. C. Mackenzie (Glasgow Academicals), J. Nelston (Glasgow Academicals), H. Moncrieff (West of Scotland), J. Colvil (West of Scotland), D. Y. Cassels (West of Scotland), J. Adam (West of Scotland), J. Laing (West of Scotland), D. McCowan (West of Scotland), C. Stewart (West of Scotland), E. N. Ewart (Glasgow Academicals),  J. B. Brown (Glasgow Academicals), W. A Walls (Glasgow Academicals), G. Robb (Glasgow University) Edinburgh District: Back. B. Cunningham (Institution), half-backs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026615-0005-0001", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nJ. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), W. E. Maclagan (Edinburgh Academicals), quarter-backs, W. Masters and J. S. Brown (institution); forwards A. G. Petrie (Royal HSFP) [ captain], N. T. Brewis, T. R. Ainslie. W. Sommerville (Institution). J. H. S. Graham (Edinburgh Academicals), John Guthrie Tait (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Bannerman (Edinburgh Academicals), C. Wood (Edinburgh Academicals), E. Carr (Wanderers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026615-0006-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nEast: A. Cunningham (Edinburgh Institution, F.P. ), back; Findlay and W. E. Maclaggan (Edinburgh Academicals), half-backs; W. H. Masters and W. S. Brown (Edinburgh Institution, F.P. ), quarterbacks; A. G. Petrie (Royal High School, F.P. ), captain\u00a0; J. H. S. Graham, John Guthrie Tait (Edinburgh Academicals), C. Wood (Edinburgh Academicals). W. Brewis, R. Ainslie, T. Ainslie, F. Sommerville (Edinburgh Institution, F.P. ), R. S. G. Henderson (Edinburgh University), and E. Cross (Wanderers), forwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026615-0006-0001", "contents": "1879\u201380 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nWest: J. Hoggan (Glasgow University), back; Malcolm Cross and R. C. Mackenzie (Glasgow Academicals), halfbacks; H. Moncrieff (Glasgow University) and T. Neilson (Glasgow Academicals), quarterbacks; D. Y. Cassels C. R. Stewart, T. Colvill,  D. McCowan (West Scotiand), S. B. McPhail (Greenock Wanderers),T. B. Brown, G. W. Ewart (Glasgow Academicals),G. H. Robb, A. H. Peterkin (Glasgow University), and T. B. Gemmel (Southern), forwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026616-0000-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 Welsh Cup, First round, Second Replay\nOswestry receive a bye to the next roundMold scratch to Druids23rd Royal Welch Fusiliers scratch to Rhyl", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026617-0000-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 West Bromwich Strollers F.C. season\nThe 1879\u201380 season was the second season in the history of West Bromwich Albion Football Club. During this period, Albion played their home matches at Cooper's Hill and Dartmouth Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026617-0001-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 West Bromwich Strollers F.C. season, Matches\nWest Bromwich Albion had yet to begin playing competitive football, but did take part in a number of friendly matches throughout the season. The 1\u20130 win against Black Lake Victoria on 13 December 1879 was for many years Albion's first recorded match, but later that honour was given to the West Bromwich Strollers' match against Hudson's from the previous year. The Black Lake game did nevertheless feature Albion's first recorded goal, scored by Harry Aston in front of 500 spectators. The record of the club's matches during their early years is not complete; of the five matches that were recorded for 1879\u201380, two are missing the scoreline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 52], "content_span": [53, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026618-0000-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 in English football\nThe 1879\u201380 season was the ninth season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026618-0001-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 in English football, International matches\nNote \u2013 TheFa.com  gives different times for the England goals in the match against Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026618-0002-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026619-0000-0000", "contents": "1879\u201380 in Scottish football\nThe 1879\u201380 season was the seventh season of competitive football in Scotland. This season saw the introduction of the fourth regional competition with the inaugural playing of the Lanarkshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026620-0000-0000", "contents": "187th (2/3rd West Riding) Brigade\nThe 187th (2/3rd West Riding) Brigade was a formation of the Territorial Force of the British Army. It was assigned to the 62nd (2nd West Riding) Division and served on the Western Front during the First World War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026621-0000-0000", "contents": "187th (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF\nThe 187th (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF, was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Red Deer, Alberta, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16 in that city and the surrounding district. After sailing to England in December 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 21st Reserve Battalion on February 20, 1917. The 187th (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF, had one officer commanding: Lieutenant-Colonel C. W. Robinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026621-0001-0000", "contents": "187th (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF\nPerpetuation of the 187th Battalion was assigned to the Alberta Regiment in 1920. When this regiment split in two in 1924, the South Alberta Regiment carried the perpetuation. The South Alberta Regiment merged into The South Alberta Light Horse (29th Armoured Regiment) in 1954, and this regiment (now simply The South Alberta Light Horse) carries on the perpetuation of the 187th Battalion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026621-0002-0000", "contents": "187th (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF\nIn 1929, the battalion was awarded the theatre of war honour The Great War, 1916\u201317.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026621-0003-0000", "contents": "187th (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF\nThe king's colour of the battalion is laid up in St Mark's Anglican Church in Innisfail, Alberta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026622-0000-0000", "contents": "187th Airlift Squadron\nThe 187th Airlift Squadron (187 AS) is a unit of the Wyoming Air National Guard 153d Airlift Wing. located at Cheyenne Air National Guard Base, Wyoming. The 187th is equipped with the C-130 Hercules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026622-0001-0000", "contents": "187th Airlift Squadron, History, World War II\nThe squadron's World War II predecessor unit, the 402d Fighter Squadron was assigned to Ninth Air Force in England, flying its first combat mission on 14 March 1944. Flying P-38 Lightnings, the group received a Distinguished Unit Citation for a mission in support of ground forces in the Hurtgen Forest area of Germany on 2 December 1944 when, despite bad weather and barrages of antiaircraft and small-arms fire, the squadron dropped napalm bombs on a heavily defended position in Bergstein, setting fire to the village and inflicting heavy casualties on enemy troops defending the area. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 3 March 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026622-0002-0000", "contents": "187th Airlift Squadron, History, Wyoming Air National Guard\nThe wartime 402d Fighter Squadron was re-activated and re-designated as the 187th Fighter Squadron, and was allotted to the Wyoming Air National Guard, on 24 May 1946. It was organized at Cheyenne Municipal Airport, Wyoming and was extended federal recognition on 11 August 1946 by the National Guard Bureau. The 187th Fighter Squadron was bestowed the history, honors, and colors of the 402d Fighter Squadron. The squadron was equipped with F-51D Mustangs and was assigned to the 86th Fighter Wing, Buckley Field, Colorado. As part of the Continental Air Command Fourth Air Force, the unit trained for tactical fighter missions and air-to-air combat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026622-0003-0000", "contents": "187th Airlift Squadron, History, Wyoming Air National Guard, Korean War activation\nAs a result of the Korean War, the 187th and its parent, the 140th Fighter Wing was federalized and brought to active duty on 1 April 1951. The unit was ordered to the new Clovis Air Force Base, New Mexico, which arrived in October 1951. The federalized 140th Fighter-Bomber Wing was a composite organization of activated Air National Guard units, composed of the 120th Fighter Squadron (Colorado ANG), the 190th Fighter Squadron (Utah ANG), and the 187th FS. The 140th and its components were equipped with F-51D Mustangs, and were re-designated as Fighter-Bomber squadrons on 12 April 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 82], "content_span": [83, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026622-0004-0000", "contents": "187th Airlift Squadron, History, Wyoming Air National Guard, Korean War activation\nDuring their period of federal service, many pilots were sent to Japan and South Korea to reinforce active-duty units. At Clovis, elements of the 140th FBW took part in Operation Tumbler-Snapper \u2013 1952, a nuclear bomb test in Nevada. On 15 November 1952, the elements of the 140th returned to Air National Guard control in their respective states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 82], "content_span": [83, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026622-0005-0000", "contents": "187th Airlift Squadron, History, Wyoming Air National Guard, Cold War\nUpon return to Wyoming state control, the 120th was re-equipped by Tactical Air Command with F-80C Shooting Star jets. On 1 July 1955, the squadron was re-designated as the 187th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 69], "content_span": [70, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026622-0006-0000", "contents": "187th Airlift Squadron, History, Wyoming Air National Guard, Cold War\nOn 1 July 1957, the 187th was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 153d Fighter Interceptor Group was established by the National Guard Bureau. The 187th FIS becoming the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 153d Headquarters, 153d Material Squadron (Maintenance), 153d Combat Support Squadron, and the 153d USAF Dispensary. The 153d FIG being assigned to the 34th Air Division, Air Defense Command and upgraded to F-86L Sabre Interceptors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 69], "content_span": [70, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026622-0007-0000", "contents": "187th Airlift Squadron, History, Airlift mission\nThe most dramatic change came for the Wyoming unit in 1961 when it changed from an Air Defense Command Fighter-Interceptor unit to flying C-119 Flying Boxcars and airlifting medical patients, with the newly designated 187th Aeromedical Transport Squadron becoming part of Military Air Transport Service (MATS).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 48], "content_span": [49, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026622-0008-0000", "contents": "187th Airlift Squadron, History, Airlift mission\nOn 21 June 1963 the 187th received C-121 Super Constellation aircraft and expanded its military airlift role to worldwide mission capabilities. Entering the realm of Southeast Asia and the Vietnam War, the Wyoming Air Guard flew its first mission into the Southeast Asia theater combat zone in late 1964, and continued to do so throughout the Vietnam War years. In January 1966, the unit became the 153d Military Airlift Group [153d MAG], under the Military Airlift Command [MAC].", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 48], "content_span": [49, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026622-0009-0000", "contents": "187th Airlift Squadron, History, Airlift mission\nIn 1972, the 187th received its first turboprop C-130B Hercules aircraft, and became a Tactical Airlift Squadron. The C-130 has proven to be one of the toughest and most versatile aircraft ever built, and which the unit continues to fly over 40 years later. In 1975, the Wyoming Air Guard was selected for the unique role of aerial fire fighting. Two Wyoming C-130s were equipped with Modular Airborne FireFighting System (MAFFS) and began water/fire retardant bombing of fires throughout the United States. Those fire fighting mission still continue through the present.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 48], "content_span": [49, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026622-0010-0000", "contents": "187th Airlift Squadron, History, Airlift mission\nIn the meantime, the 153d Tactical Airlift Group expanded to regularly flying missions with the US Southern Command out of Howard AFB, Panama, as part of Operation Phoenix Oak. From supplying embassies in Central and South America, to searching for sinking ships in the middle of tropical storms, the Wyoming C-130s and aircrews have carried out military and humanitarian missions, right up to the present day. Those missions continued through Operation Just Cause in 1989\u201390 when Panama was designated a combat zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 48], "content_span": [49, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026622-0011-0000", "contents": "187th Airlift Squadron, History, Airlift mission\nBeginning 5 August 1990, the first day of Operation Desert Shield, and into Operation Desert Storm the Wyoming Air Guard flew continental U.S. and Central and South America missions. During that time, the Wyoming 187th Aeromedical Evacuation Flight and the 153d Clinic were both activated by order of the President of the United States, with a large number of those medical personnel being sent to Saudi Arabia. After the hostilities, Wyoming Guard members continued with Operation Provide Comfort, which supplied humanitarian aid to Kurdish people displaced by the Iraqi military.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 48], "content_span": [49, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026622-0012-0000", "contents": "187th Airlift Squadron, History, Global War on Terrorism\nAs the Global War on Terrorism expanded to include operations in Iraq and continued operations in Afghanistan, the 153rd Airlift Wing repeatedly answered the nations call. In addition to its ongoing commitment to MAFFS, Operation Joint Forge in Europe, and Coronet Oak in Latin America, the 153 AW maintained a two-year-long, two-aircraft commitment to Operation Iraqi Freedom during 2004\u20132005.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 56], "content_span": [57, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026622-0013-0000", "contents": "187th Airlift Squadron, History, Global War on Terrorism\nIn 2006 and 2007 the unit returned to Afghanistan for two and three aircraft Aerospace Expeditionary Force rotations. On the home front, the end of 2007 found four aircraft responding to the great 2007 California wildfires.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 56], "content_span": [57, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0000-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nThe 187th Division (Chinese: \u7b2c187\u5e08) was created in January 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 7th Brigade, 3rd Column of the Jinchaji Military Region. Its history can be traced to 2nd Detachment of Jizhong Column, formed in September 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0001-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nThe division was part of 63rd Corps. Under the flag of 188th division it took part in several major battles in the Chinese Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0002-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nIn February 1951 the division entered Korea with the Corps HQ as a part of People's Volunteer Army. During its deployment in Korea it took part in the Fifth Phase Offensive and the Battle of Cheorwon, during which the division suffered heavy casualties but halted the UN offensive. During its deployment in Korea the division allegedly inflicted 9074 casualties to confronting UN forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0003-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nIn January 1953 393rd Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment was formed and attached to the division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0004-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nIn October 1953 the division returned from Korea and stationed at Xingtai, Hebei, becoming the 188th Infantry Division (Chinese: \u6b65\u5175\u7b2c188\u5e08) of the National Defense Force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0005-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nIn 1960 the division was renamed as the 187h Army Division (Chinese: \u9646\u519b\u7b2c187\u5e08). By then the division was composed of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0006-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nIn 1962 the division was designated as a \"Northern\" unit, Catalogue A in War-time Structure, making it a \"big\" division of 12457 personnel. the division was shortly moved to Fujian province for an emergency alert deployment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0007-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nIn December 1966, following the outbreak of the Cultural Revolution, the division moved to Beijing and stationed in Xicheng district for security mission. The division HQ and its 560th Regiment moved into Zhongnanhai. In December the division returned to its barracks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0008-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nFrom January 27, 1868 to March 9, 1969, Anti- Aircraft Artillery Battalion of 187th Army Division, reinforced by Anti- Aircraft Artillery Battery of 1st  Tank Regiment, 1st Tank Division and attaching to 9th Anti- Aircraft Artillery Division of the Air Force, entered North Vietnam for anti-aircraft missions in Lang Son area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0009-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nOn September 6, 1968, 392nd Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment was detached from the division and transferred to newly formed 6th Tank Division and became 22nd Tank Regiment in December 1969.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0010-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nOn August 24, 1969, soon after the Tielieketi incident, the division moved to Jining, Inner Mongolia for emergency alert deployment. On November 26 the division was relieved from its mission and handed its position to 69th Army Corps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0011-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nThe division was not affected during the December 1969 army re-designation, except for its 567th Artillery Regiment was renamed as Artillery Regiment, 187th Army Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0012-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nFrom January 14, 1976 to November 1982, the division maintained as a northern unit, catalogue B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0013-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nFrom November 1982 to 1985, the division maintained as a catalogue B division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0014-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nIn 1985 the division was renamed as the 187th Infantry Division (Chinese: \u6b65\u5175\u7b2c187\u5e08). From 1985 to 1996 the division maintained as a northern infantry division, catalogue B. From 1985 to 1989 most its regiments were organized as training formations:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0015-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nIn 1989, 560th, 561st regiment were re-organized as infantry regiments, catalogue B. Artillery Regiment, 187th Infantry Division was reorganized as artillery regiment, infantry division catalogue B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0016-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nIn 1996 the division was transferred to the People's Armed Police and renamed as the 187th Armed Police Mobile Division (Chinese: \u6b66\u8b66\u673a\u52a8\u7b2c187\u5e08).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0017-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nThe Artillery Regiment, 187th Infantry Division was re-organized and renamed as 705th Regiment, 187th Armed Police Mobile Division. All artillery battalions in infantry regiments were also re-organized as the 4th mobile battalion of the regiments. Now the division is composed of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026623-0018-0000", "contents": "187th Armed Police Mobile Division\nAfter the 2017 reform, the division was reduced to a detachment (regiment-sized): the 7th Mobile Detachment (Chinese: \u673a\u52a8\u7b2c7\u652f\u961f) under the PAP 1st Mobile Corps (Chinese: \u6b66\u8b66\u7b2c1\u673a\u52a8\u603b\u961f).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0000-0000", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing\nThe 187th Fighter Wing (187 FW) is a unit of the Alabama Air National Guard, assigned to Dannelly Field, Alabama. If activated to federal service in the United States Air Force, the 187 FW is operationally-gained by the Air Combat Command (ACC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0001-0000", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing, Mission\nTo provide the nation with a superior F-16C+ Block 30 Aviation Package, RC-26B Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance platform, and Expeditionary Combat Support functions organized, trained, and equipped for rapid world-wide deployment, domestic relief and law enforcement operations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 27], "content_span": [28, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0002-0000", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing, History\nOn 15 October 1962, the Alabama Air National Guard's 160th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 187th Tactical Reconnaissance Group was established by the National Guard Bureau. The 160th TRS becoming the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 187th Headquarters, 187th Material Squadron, 187th Combat Support Squadron, and the 187th USAF Dispensary. The unit was flying the RF-84F Thunderstreak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 27], "content_span": [28, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0003-0000", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing, History\nIn 1971, the RF-4C Phantom II photo-reconnaissance aircraft was being withdrawn from Southeast Asia, and the 160th began to receive these Vietnam War veteran aircraft. The RF-84Fs were retired and during the 1970s the squadron flew the Phantoms in its aerial reconnaissance mission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 27], "content_span": [28, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0004-0000", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing, History, Tactical Fighter\nIn 1983, the 187th was realigned from its photo-reconnaissance mission and converted to a tactical fighter mission, transferring its RF-4Cs and receiving Vietnam Veteran F-4D Phantom IIs. The F-4D Phantoms were part of a batch equipped to use the AVQ-23 Pave Spike laser designation pod and the AGM-65 Maverick ASM in the 1970s. By 1988 the Phantoms were being withdrawn from the Air National Guard inventory, and the 160th began to receive early F-16A/B Block 10 Fighting Falcons and later equipped with Block 30 F-16C/D Fighting Falcons to use in the tactical fighter mission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0005-0000", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing, History, Tactical Fighter\nDuring the 1990s, the 187th has undertaken an ambitious and successful regimen of participation in many Total Force deployments. These deployments have taken the men and women of the 187th to exercises in South Korea, Norway, Guam, Hawaii, Alaska, and many other stateside locations. By far the most significant deployments have been for contingency operations enforcing United Nations sanctions against Iraq. In 1995, the unit deployed for a 30-day rotation to Incirlik AB, Turkey for Operation Provide Comfort II. The following year, the Wing deployed to Al Jaber AB, Kuwait for Operation Southern Watch. Then in 1997, the Wing returned to Incirlik for Operation Northern Watch. These operations were to enforce the respective northern and southern no-fly zones over Iraq.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0006-0000", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism\nAfter the 9/11 attacks, the 187th performed Combat Air Patrol flights as part of Operation Noble Eagle in the United States. The unit sustained this effort for Operation Noble Eagle for one year following the events of 11 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 52], "content_span": [53, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0007-0000", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism\nThe 187th was again called to active duty in January 2003 until April 2003 as part of the largest military mobilization since the 1991 Gulf War. This marked the largest unit activation in the unit's 50-year history with over 500 personnel being deployed along with aircraft and equipment for Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 52], "content_span": [53, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0007-0001", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism\nThe 187th, as an integral part of the Total Force, deployed to Prince Hassan Air Base (H-5) and Shahid Muafaq Al-Salti Air Base, Jordan, as the lead unit, commanding a mixture of Air National Guard, Air Force Reserve Command, Active Air Force and British Royal Air Force units comprising the 410th Air Expeditionary Wing. This marked the largest integration of coalition Air and Special Forces Operations in history with over 3,500 personnel operating out of this location. The 410th's mission was to prevent Iraqi missile launches against coalition forces and neighboring countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 52], "content_span": [53, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0008-0000", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism\nIn September 2004, the unit again deployed over 300 personnel with aircraft and equipment to Al Udeid AB, Qatar for Operation Iraqi Freedom. This deployment also marked a significant first for the unit and the U.S. Military. The 187th was the first unit to ever use the GBU-38 Joint Direct Attack Munition in combat. The GBU-38 is a 500\u00a0lb global positioning system (GPS) guided bomb which, while being very effective, minimizes collateral damage. The GBU-38 is a precision guided munition commonly referred to as a \"Smart Bomb\". This weapon was effectively employed by the 187th in the Battle of Fallujah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 52], "content_span": [53, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0009-0000", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism\nIn 2006, the 160th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron deployed to Balad AB, Iraq for 90 days and became part of the 322d Expeditionary Fighter Squadron in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 52], "content_span": [53, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0010-0000", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism\nIn 2007, the Alabama legislature requested the National Guard Bureau to allow the Alabama Air National Guard's 160th Fighter Squadron to be re-designated as the 100th Fighter Squadron so the state could honor the legacy of the World War II Tuskegee Airmen. This authorization was obtained from the Air Force and on 12 September 2009, the 100th Flying Training Squadron of the Air Education and Training Command was inactivated. The designation was transferred to the National Guard Bureau by the Air Force and it was allotted to the Alabama ANG.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 52], "content_span": [53, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0010-0001", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism\nAs a result, the 160th Fighter Squadron was inactivated and the new 100th Fighter Squadron assumed its personnel, equipment and aircraft. The 160th Fighter Squadron stood down in a ceremony at Montgomery Air National Guard Base, on 13 September 2007, with the 100th Fighter Squadron standing up and being bequeathed the history, lineage, and honors of the World War II 100th Fighter Squadron and its successor units.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 52], "content_span": [53, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0011-0000", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism\nIn August 2009, the 100th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron deployed 240 airmen and aircraft to Balad AB, Iraq as part of the 332d Expeditionary Fighter Squadron supporting Operation Iraq Freedom. This was the first deployment of the 100th FS to the middle east and over 2,000 hours were flown and Precision Guided Munitions were employed. The unit returned to Montgomery in November 2009.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 52], "content_span": [53, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0012-0000", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism\nThe squadron deployed to Romania in August 2012 to participate in Dacian Viper 2012, a three-week joint exercise with the Romanian Air Force. The Alabama ANG contingent, which included nearly twenty fighter pilots and eight F-16s, exercised with approximately 200 Romanian soldiers, technical staff, and pilots flying six MiG-21 \"Fishbed\" fighters at 71st Air Base, located near the town of C\u00e2mpia Turzii in the northwestern part of Romania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 52], "content_span": [53, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026624-0013-0000", "contents": "187th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism\nIn December 2017, the Air Force announced that the 187th was one of two Air National Guard wings selected for equipping with the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II. The conversion to the fifth-generation jet fighter is scheduled for 2023.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 52], "content_span": [53, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026625-0000-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Brigade (United States)\nThe 187th Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the United States Army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026625-0001-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Brigade (United States)\nIt was first organized in November 1921 as one of the two brigades under the United States Army Reserve's 94th Division (forerunner of the 94th Army Reserve Command).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026625-0002-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Brigade (United States)\nThe brigade was disbanded in February 1942 when the 94th Division was converted from a two brigade, four regiment \"square\" division to a three regiment \"triangular\" division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026625-0003-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Brigade (United States), Cold War\nThe 94th Division was disbanded in the early 1960s, as part of continuing Army Reserve force reductions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026625-0004-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Brigade (United States), Cold War\nThus to add flexibility to the force, and to preserve a general officer billet, the 187th Infantry Brigade was reactivated in the Army Reserve as a separate brigade on 7 January 1963 with headquarters in Boston, Massachusetts. From that year to 1994 it was one of only four (later three) combat Infantry brigades in the Army Reserve. As a separate brigade, the 187th wore its own shoulder patch rather than the 94th Division patch its members had previously worn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026625-0005-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Brigade (United States), Cold War\nCold War plans called for the brigade to deploy to Iceland as part of the Iceland Defense Force if a confrontation between NATO and the Soviet Union occurred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026625-0006-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Brigade (United States), Cold War\nThe brigade's headquarters was relocated on 25 October 1971 to Wollaston, Massachusetts and on 13 July 1976 to Fort Devens, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026625-0007-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Brigade (United States), Cold War\nOn 14 April 1994 the 187th Infantry Brigade was inactivated as part of the Army-wide post-Cold War reductions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026625-0008-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Brigade (United States), Reactivation\nThe 187th Infantry Brigade was reactivated as an initial entry training unit at the U.S. Army Maneuver Support Center of Excellence, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri on 23 January 2007 from the 3rd Training Brigade and inactivated on 17 May 2007. The subordinate units were reassigned to the 3rd Chemical Brigade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 52], "content_span": [53, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026626-0000-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Division (German Empire)\nThe 187th Infantry Division (187. Infanterie-Division) was a formation of the Imperial German Army in World War I.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0000-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States)\nThe 187th Infantry Regiment (Rakkasans) is a regiment of the 101st Airborne Division. The \"Rakkasans\" special designation is derived from the Japanese word for parachute (literally \"umbrella for falling\", \u843d\u4e0b\u5098). The name was given to the regiment during its tour in occupied Japan following World War II. When a translator dealing with local Japanese dignitaries was trying to explain what their unit was trained to do (and not knowing the Japanese word for \"airborne soldiers\"), he used the phrase \"parachute-men\" (literally \"falling down umbrella men\"), or rakkasan. Amused by the clumsy word, the locals began to call the paratroopers by that nickname; it soon stuck and became a point of pride for the unit. (Note that modern Japanese uses the English loanword \u30d1\u30e9\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8 (parash\u016bto) for parachute.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0001-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States)\nBeginning as a glider infantry regiment of the 11th Airborne Division in 1943, the 187th Infantry Regiment has fought in four wars, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Persian Gulf War. The 187th entered combat in World War II on Leyte Island in the Philippines, fought in two other major campaigns in the Pacific, and was chosen to be among the first American units sent to occupy Japan. The 187th was the only airborne unit used during the Korean War, operating as an airborne regimental combat team with two combat parachute jumps. In Vietnam, the 3rd Battalion, 187th Infantry Regiment, fought as an airmobile unit, making 115 helicopter assaults. In Operation Desert Storm, the Rakkasans made the longest and largest combat air assault in military history when it air assaulted from Saudi Arabia to the Euphrates River in Iraq.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 891]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0002-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States)\nThe 1st Battalion and 3rd Battalion are the only active elements of the regiment; they are assigned to the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0003-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II\nThe 187th Infantry Regiment was originally constituted in the War Department files as the 187th Glider Infantry Regiment (GIR) on 12 November 1942 and activated with the 11th Airborne Division at Camp Mackall, North Carolina on 25 February 1943, under the command of Colonel Harry B. Hildebrand. The first recruits arrived on 2 March. The 187th went through basic training from 15 March to 21 June. After a period of squad-, platoon-, and company-level unit training, the 187th started formal glider training at Laurinburg\u2013Maxton Army Airfield, North Carolina in late July. Although it was originally a two-battalion glider-borne infantry regiment, the men of the 187th would become dual qualified, able to enter combat either by glider or parachute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0004-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, The Knollwood Maneuver\nI do not believe in the airborne division. I believe that airborne troops should be reorganized into self-contained units, comprising infantry, artillery, and special services, all of about the strength of a regimental combat team [...] To employ at any time and place a whole division would require a dropping over such an extended area that I seriously doubt that a division commander could regain control and operate the scattered forces as one unit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0005-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, The Knollwood Maneuver\nWithin the US Army hierarchy, some senior officers questioned the practicality of airborne forces as a combat entity. The Germans had successfully used airborne forces during the invasions of the Netherlands in May 1940 and Crete in May 1941. Wartime was proving tough for American airborne forces. In November 1942, as part of Operation Torch in the North African campaign, US paratroopers who missed their drop zone (DZ) marched 35 miles (56\u00a0km) to capture an airfield already in the hands of friendly  forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0005-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, The Knollwood Maneuver\nDuring the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943, US paratroopers once more landed far from their intended targets. But the real tragedy came when friendly fire brought down 23 aircraft and damaged 37 more; 318 paratroopers and airmen were killed or wounded. The poor performance of American airborne forces in Sicily prompted Lieutenant General Dwight D. Eisenhower to recommend to General George C. Marshall, the US Army Chief of Staff, that division-size airborne units were too difficult to control in combat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0006-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, The Knollwood Maneuver\nLieutenant General Lesley J. McNair, the Army Ground Forces commanding general, took General Eisenhower's words seriously and, in the fall of 1943, convened a review board headed by Major General Joseph M. Swing, the 11th Airborne Division commanding general, to examine the doctrine, organization, and training of US Army airborne forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0006-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, The Knollwood Maneuver\nThe \"Swing Board,\" as it was informally known, convened at Camp Mackall in mid-September with experienced US Army parachute and glider unit commanders and staff officers, as well as US Army Air Forces (USAAF) I Troop Carrier Command troop carrier transport and glider pilot veterans as the other board members. The Swing Board reviewed German, British, and American airborne operations, studied the airborne division organization, and analyzed the problems encountered by the USAAF troop carrier units during the North African and Sicilian operations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0006-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, The Knollwood Maneuver\nAt the end of September, the review was completed with the board recommending the continuation of the airborne division and the publication of War Department (WD) Training Circular 113, Employment of Airborne and Troop Carrier Forces (dated 9 October 1943), formalizing the responsibilities and relationships between the airborne and troop carrier commands. Despite the board's recommendations, General McNair was still not convinced and decided to test the effectiveness of the airborne division concept before he made his final decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0006-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, The Knollwood Maneuver\nMcNair ordered General Swing to plan an exercise for December in which the entire 11th Airborne Division would mount up in C\u201347 transports and CG\u20134A gliders at multiple Army airfields in North and South Carolina, take off and rendezvous over the Atlantic coast, fly a circuitous route of approximately 200 miles (320\u00a0km), a portion of which would be over open ocean at night before turning inland toward the drop and landing zones, parachute- and glider-land after dark at precise times and locations, and reinforce, resupply, evacuate, and support itself by air for three or four days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0006-0004", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, The Knollwood Maneuver\nIt was obvious that the future of the airborne division depended upon a successful operation. Swing and his staff commenced planning the exercise per McNair's order and WD Training Circular 113. All that remained was to write the operations order (OPORD). On 15 November, the 11th Airborne Division received its mission from Headquarters, Airborne Command at Camp Mackall. The 11th Airborne Division, reinforced by the 501st Parachute Infantry Regiment (PIR), was to assault on D-day, 7 December, capture Knollwood Army Auxiliary Airfield (present-day Moore County Airport), establish an airhead at the airfield, and prevent \"enemy\" reinforcement. Defending Knollwood and selected critical points was a regimental combat team (RCT) consisting of an infantry battalion, an antitank company, a field artillery battery, and a medical detachment from the 17th Airborne Division, combined with a battalion from the 541st PIR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 998]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0007-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, The Knollwood Maneuver\nOn 4 December, the 11th Airborne Division, with the 501st PIR attached, staged its parachute and glider units at Pope Army Airfield at Fort Bragg, Mackall Army Airfield at Camp Mackall, Lumberton Army Auxiliary Airfield, and Laurinburg\u2013Maxton Army Airfield in North Carolina, and Florence Army Airfield in South Carolina. The 187th GIR and its direct-support 674th Glider Field Artillery Battalion (GFAB) (75mm pack howitzer) loaded their equipment aboard the gliders and awaited the mount-up order. Foul weather postponed the exercise for 24 hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0007-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, The Knollwood Maneuver\nAbout midnight on 6 December, 200 C\u201347s towing 234 CG\u20134As (100 gliders were double-towed) began taking off from the airfields for the mass airborne assault. Numerous C\u201347s carried a full load of 18 combat-equipped paratroopers and towed either one or two gliders full of soldiers and equipment. As the C\u201347s gained altitude, they began forming into tight three-plane Vs, with three groups together forming a V-of-Vs formation, nine aircraft wide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0007-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, The Knollwood Maneuver\nThe air armada flew east out over the Atlantic Ocean, turned north, and finally turned back west, heading back toward the drop and landing zones in and around Southern Pines and Pinehurst, North Carolina. The famed golf courses and open fields between 5 and 10 miles (8.0 and 16.1\u00a0km) west and north of the Knollwood Airfield were designated as the drop and landing zones. The assault began at 02:30 on 7 December with the gliders cutting loose from their C\u201347 tugs and the parachutes of the first chalks of paratroopers blossoming out the sides of the C\u201347s almost simultaneously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0007-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, The Knollwood Maneuver\nThere were few difficulties. Once on the ground, the 11th Airborne Division assembled with speed, attacked the defenders, and seized its Knollwood Airfield objectives. The division then set up the airhead around the airfield and resupplied itself by air. In 39 hours, a total of 10,282 troops were delivered by parachute, glider, or airlanded. The tally of equipment and supplies was significant: 1,830 tons of equipment and supplies; 295 jeeps; and 48 1/4-ton trailers. Total maneuver casualties were two dead and 48 minor injuries. After three days, the 11th Airborne Division returned to Camp Mackall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0007-0004", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, The Knollwood Maneuver\nAfterward, the entire exercise was reviewed from start to finish at Camp Mackall by commanders and the division staff. General Swing submitted his final report on the Knollwood Maneuver to General McNair and waited for a War Department decision. On 16 December, McNair's reply message read in part: \"\u2026 The successful performance of your division has convinced me that we were wrong, and I shall now recommend that we continue our present schedule of activating, training and committing airborne divisions.\" The Knollwood Maneuver marked the end of the training period for the 187th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0008-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Camp Polk\nOn 2 January 1944, the 11th Airborne Division began its move by train to Camp Polk, Louisiana. By 5 February, the 187th GIR was in the field near Hawthorne, Louisiana for two weeks of testing by Army Ground Force teams to determine the regiment's readiness for deployment to a combat zone. The exercises involved approach marches, attacks on an objective, perimeter defenses, and tactical withdrawals. In late February, the 187th returned to Camp Polk for re-equipment, physical examinations, inoculations for a variety of exotic diseases, and processing for overseas deployment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0008-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Camp Polk\nIn the interim, General Swing established his first jump school at DeRidder Army Air Base. The 187th and the 674th GFAB provided volunteers who were less than enthused about further glider rides and were eager to collect the extra pay for the privilege of jumping out of airplanes (fifty dollars per month for enlisted men and one hundred dollars for officers). Thus began the first transformation of the 187th and 674th from purely glider outfits to airborne units. The tests at Camp Polk represented the graduation exercises for the 11th Airborne Division; the War Department had issued an alert for the division to be ready to leave Camp Polk and by 15 April, all units were restricted to the post, with commanders readying their units for overseas deployment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0009-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, New Guinea\nOn 20 April 1944, the 11th Airborne Division started by train to Camp Stoneman, California, where it would spend six days in final preparation for overseas movement. On 2 May, the first units marched out of Camp Stoneman to nearby Pittsburg and boarded boats for the trip to the San Francisco Port of Embarkation. The boats tied up at the Oakland Mole, near the merchant marine troopships on which the division was to sail, and the troops debarked, marched into a large wharfside shed, and mounted the gangplanks of the troopships for the next phase of their trip to war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0009-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, New Guinea\nThey did not know specifically where they were headed, but since they were departing from San Francisco, they reasoned that their destination was the Pacific Theater. Only time would tell; the division staff, even if they knew, would not. After three days in hot, crowded conditions below deck, the division set sail on 6 May 1944.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0010-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, New Guinea\nAfter about three weeks at sea, what seemed like an eternity to the GIs jammed into the stuffy and airless triple- and quadruple-decked holds of the troopships, land was spotted. The ships sailed up the winding channel of Milne Bay, Australian Papua (modern-day Papua New Guinea), and the men got their first look at the lush, verdant jungles they would come to know and hate. After stopping to take on fresh water, the ships then moved up the east coast to Oro Bay and dropped anchor on 29 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0010-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, New Guinea\nThe troops unloaded into a fleet of DUKW \"Duck\" amphibious trucks that had pulled up alongside the ships. After a trip to the beach and a ride along dusty roads, the DUKWs halted at a clearing around an abandoned airstrip. The 11th Airborne Division had arrived at their new home for the next six months \u2013 the Dobodura Airfield Complex. The troops unloaded, formed up into company units, and marched with their overstuffed barracks bags in the heat and humidity to company areas that had been laid out for them. The 187th GIR's jungle phase of training and acclimation to the tropics was about to begin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0011-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, New Guinea\nThe 187th GIR spent its first month in New Guinea building its area of framed pyramidal tents, mess halls, showers and latrines, dayrooms, and chapels. One notable project was the huge, sloped thatch-roofed, 400-man division chapel built with native labor by hand and without nails, using local vegetation and lumber. Once the regiment was settled, training began again. General Swing's jump school reopened and a majority of the 187th's officers and men qualified as paratroopers. In August and September, the 11th Airborne Division operated a glider school with the USAAF 54th Troop Carrier Wing (TCW) (C\u201347) at Nadzab.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0011-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, New Guinea\nFrom July to September, the division and the 54th TCW conducted combined airborne/troop carrier training for a different troop carrier squadron each week. In August and September, the 187th underwent amphibious training at Oro Bay with the 4th Engineer Special Brigade. The regiment underwent live-fire training exercises for combined-arms battalion combat teams at the abandoned airstrip at Soputa. The 674th GFAB practiced its artillery skills on the ranges at Embi Lake and Soputa. On 12 October, the 11th Airborne Division received orders for an administrative (not combat-loaded) move to Leyte in the Philippines to prepare for an operation on Luzon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0011-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, New Guinea\nA segment of the division staff flew ahead to Leyte to select and set up a campsite while the rest of the division prepared to move out. The 187th Regimental Headquarters Company and the 1st Battalion (1/187th) loaded aboard the USS Cambria (APA-36) in Oro Bay. The 2nd Battalion (2/187th) flew to Finschhafen and boarded the USS Calvert (APA-32). On 11 November, the Navy, with the 11th Airborne Division loaded on nine ships, pulled out of Oro Bay. For the unknowing men aboard the transports steaming toward Leyte, combat was just a few days away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0012-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Leyte Landing\nOn 18 November 1944, the 11th Airborne Division joined the Battle of Leyte by landing unopposed on Bito Beach, off Bito Lake, Leyte. The advance party from division headquarters had flown up from New Guinea to select an area for the division's encampment. Because the more desirable areas along the east coast had already been occupied, Bito Beach became the bivouac area for the division. The 187th GIR set up its first bivouac near the Filipino village of Abuyog.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0012-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Leyte Landing\nFor its first few days on Leyte, the regiment cleared and policed the beach by moving landed supplies to rear-area dumps, built a base camp, and readied itself for its first taste of combat. It would not be long in coming. On 22 November, Lieutenant General Walter Krueger, the US Sixth Army commanding general, formally attached the 11th Airborne Division to Major General John R. Hodge's XXIV Corps, consisting of the 96th Infantry and 7th Infantry Divisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0012-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Leyte Landing\nGeneral Hodge directed General Swing to relieve the 7th Infantry Division along the Burauen-La Paz-Bugho line and destroy all Japanese forces in that area, protect and secure all corps and air corps installations in his area of operations (AO), protect the Leyte Gulf supply bases and shipping, and coordinate operations with the 96th Infantry Division on his northern flank, running generally on an east-west line through Dagami. Swing knew that the fighting strength of his division consisted of seven small infantry battalions supported by three field artillery battalions with twenty-four 75mm pack howitzers and twelve sawed-off 105mm howitzers. But he put his division in motion piecemeal as the situation demanded. Overnight, the division went from a theater reserve role to direct combat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 872]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0013-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Combat on Leyte\nBy the time the 11th Airborne Division entered the fight, Major General Franklin C. Sibert's X Corps, consisting of the 1st Cavalry and 24th Infantry Divisions, was attacking southward from the Pinamopoan-Carigara area; General Hodge's 96th and 7th Infantry Divisions were in scattered contact with the Japanese in the Dagami-Burauen foothills.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0013-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Combat on Leyte\nWhen the 11th Airborne Division relieved the 7th Infantry Division in the Burauen area, the 7th Infantry Division moved south, crossed the mountains via the Abuyog-Baybay Road, and after reaching the west coast, attacked northward, compressing the Japanese between its forces and those of General Sibert's X Corps attacking southward. The 11th Airborne Division was tasked with attacking across the center of the mountains from Burauen to Albuera on the west coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0014-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Combat on Leyte\nAt 07:00 on 21 November, the 511th PIR, the first 11th Airborne Division unit committed to combat, departed Bito Beach by amphibious transport and moved to Dulag, where it loaded into motor transport for its move to Burauen. The 511th's mission was to move westward across the mountains and link up with the 7th Infantry Division on the west coast. A few days later, the 188th GIR moved north from Bito Beach to protect the 511th's southern flank as it moved westward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0014-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Combat on Leyte\nInitially, the 187th GIR remained at Bito Beach, with Colonel Hildebrand in command of all remaining 11th Airborne Division forces. On 24 November, General Swing moved his division command post (CP) to San Pablo, a barrio outside Burauen, and occupied the former 7th Infantry Division CP. Swing moved the 75mm pack howitzers of the 674th and 675th GFABs from Bito Beach to protect the Fifth Air Force headquarters near Burauen; the glider field artillerymen, armed mainly with folding-stock M1 carbines, became infantrymen overnight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0014-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Combat on Leyte\nTo protect Bito Beach and to provide additional protection for the 511th's pending westward move, Colonel Hildebrand sent 1/187th to the vicinity of Balinsasayao along the Abuyog-Baybay road. From that base, 1/187th sent out patrols to the west and south. Contact patrols continually worked through the Baybay Pass to keep abreast of the 7th Infantry Division advance, and some of these witnessed their first banzai charge, which the 7th Infantry Division always stopped, sometimes with canister shot fired from 37mm antitank guns. Meanwhile, 2/187th patrols from Bito Beach had no contact with the Japanese. But, for the 187th, these easy days along the Baybay Pass and on the beach would soon be over. Surprisingly, the 187th would have its counterpart, the Japanese Army airborne forces, to thank for its initial entry into combat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 912]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0015-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Combat on Leyte\nOn 27 November, the 511th PIR started its move into the hills to the west of Burauen. To replace 2/511th, 2/187th moved from Bito Beach through Dulag into defensive positions west of Burauen; they did not stay there long. On 2 December, 2/187th was ordered into the hills to follow the 511th. Also on 2 December, 1/187th was brought up from the Balinsasayao area to replace 2/187th at Burauen. The next morning, First Lieutenant Charles Olsen, C/187th's commanding officer, met with Lieutenant Colonel George O. Pearson, 1/187th's commanding officer, and General Swing at the division CP in San Pablo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0015-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Combat on Leyte\nSwing ordered C/187th sent into the hills behind 2/187th, which had already departed. He also asked for a platoon from C/187th to be detached for a combat parachute jump into Manarawat, a deserted barrio in the central highlands, halfway between Burauen and Albuera. Manarawat was nothing more than a clearing in the jungle, rising about 150 feet (46\u00a0m) above a streambed, surrounded on three sides by sheer, brush-covered cliffs and on the fourth by a more gradual slope. The clearing was about 600 feet (180\u00a0m) long and 200 feet (61\u00a0m) wide. Jungle-covered mountains rose across the streambed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0016-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Combat on Leyte\n1/511th, less C/511th, was currently at Manarawat, which was becoming the hub for the 11th Airborne Division's operations along the mountain trails to the west. C/511th was in trouble. A treacherous Filipino guide had led the company and the 511th's regimental headquarters group into a Japanese ambush near Lubi on the north trail toward Manarawat. They were surrounded and their ammunition and rations were running low.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0016-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Combat on Leyte\nAfter rejecting a Japanese offer to surrender, Colonel Orin D. Haugen, the 511th's commanding officer, and two men managed to crawl through the Japanese encirclement in the darkness and head back to the division CP at San Pablo, arriving two days later. When General Swing became aware of the situation, he ordered 1/511th to depart Manarawat and rescue C/511th and the regimental headquarters party. Fortunately, Colonel Haugen had already sent an eight-man patrol to Manarawat to guide 1/511th back to the ambush site.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0016-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Combat on Leyte\nAfter Swing explained this situation to them, Lieutenant Colonel Pearson and Lieutenant Olsen of 1/187th did not question the jump order. They did not mention that 1/187th was a glider-borne unit, nor ask where the aircraft, parachutes, and drop containers were coming from. They simply said, \"Yes, sir,\" saluted, and left. For the 187th GIR, the Leyte campaign was heating up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0017-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Combat on Leyte\nFirst Lieutenant Chester J. Kozlowski and his 1st Platoon, C/187th, made the first unit combat jump of the 11th Airborne Division \u2013 one jumper at a time from L\u20134 and L\u20135 artillery light observation aircraft \u2013 into Manarawat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0018-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Battle for the Airfields\nInformation from captured documents and prisoner interrogations indicated that the Japanese were planning a coordinated ground and airborne attack to seize the airfields in the Burauen area. On the evening of 4 December, General Swing was alerted to the possibility of the Japanese airborne assault. The only combat unit immediately available at either Bito Beach or Burauen was Lieutenant Colonel Pearson's 1/187th, the division reserve.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0019-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Battle for the Airfields\nTwo days earlier, remnants of the Japanese 16th Division, about 500 men out of the original 8,800, had assembled in the foothills southwest of Dagami and prepared to join Japanese paratroopers in a combined assault on the Buri airstrip on 5 December. Because of radio difficulties, they were unaware that the parachute drop had been postponed until the night of 6 December because of forecast bad weather, and following the original orders, moved out of the hills in the early morning hours of 6 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0019-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Battle for the Airfields\nAt 06:00, approximately 150 Japanese crossed the main Dagami-Burauen road and moved into a swamp near the airstrip. The US 287th Field Artillery Observation Battalion, whose mission was to locate Japanese field artillery by the flash and sound of their guns and to survey and make maps to mark the Japanese artillery coordinates, was located northwest of Burauen and saw the Japanese crossing the road south of their position and heading east toward the airstrip. The battalion CP immediately relayed this information to XXIV Corps headquarters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0020-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Battle for the Airfields\nAmerican forces at the Buri airstrip consisted of 47 men of the 287th Field Artillery Observation Battalion and 157 miscellaneous troops from various service units attached to the USAAF V Bomber Command. At 06:30, the Japanese launched their attack \u2013 over 14 hours before the paratroopers were scheduled to land. The Japanese broke into the American bivouac area where most of the men were still asleep in their tents, bayoneting some of the sleeping men before they could get to their weapons. Some of the Americans, shoeless and clad only in shorts and undershirts, managed to grab weapons and hold off the Japanese until they could evacuate the area. Meanwhile, the Japanese entrenched in the woods to the north of the airstrip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 818]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0021-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Battle for the Airfields\nGeneral Hodge had the 1st Battalion, 382nd Infantry Regiment (1/382nd), turned over to General Swing's operational control and moved southward down the Dagami-Burauen road; a reinforced 1/382nd company was already in the area and the rest of the battalion made ready to follow. Swing directed Lieutenant Colonel Pearson to fly a 1/187th rifle platoon from the San Pablo airstrip to the Buri airstrip in the artillery liaison aircraft, with the rest of his battalion to follow on foot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0021-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Battle for the Airfields\nThe L\u20134s made three round trips to ferry the rifle platoon to the airstrip, where they were met by a \"very excited\" group of disorganized service and air corps troops. Pearson arrived with the rest of his battalion at the Buri airstrip around 09:00. He left a rifle squad at the airstrip for security and directed the platoon that had flown into the airstrip to sweep the area west of the main road. Soon, Pearson could hear small-arms fire from the direction in which he had sent the patrols.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0021-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Battle for the Airfields\nIn about half an hour, the patrols returned and reported that 26 Japanese had been killed. Pearson was convinced that the Japanese attack on the airstrip was more than a small combat patrol and that a larger number of Japanese remained in the area. Even with his entire battalion available, Pearson could only muster 180 men to defeat the remnants of the Japanese 16th Division. He prepared to attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0022-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Battle for the Airfields\n1/187th formed into a line of skirmishers and advanced to the northeast. Not five minutes after they entered the dense jungle, they flushed their quarry and a series of close-quarter firefights erupted. For two hours, 1/187th continued to fight its way through the steaming jungle to the north of the Buri airstrip, attacking the Japanese in their defensive positions, often in hand-to-hand combat or at close range where hand grenades and bayonets were the weapons of choice. Finally, Lieutenant Colonel Pearson called a halt to check the status of his battalion. His company commanders reported 85 Japanese killed while suffering only two of their own wounded. This battle was 1/187th's first combat mission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0023-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nGeneral Swing flew from San Pablo to the Buri airstrip. Swing sent a messenger to Lieutenant Colonel Pearson directing him to take up positions along the Dagami-Burauen road, keep it open, and to \"look to his west, from which he would soon expect a lot of trouble.\" Pearson deployed 1/187th (less C/187th at Manarawat) along the road and established his CP on a nearby bluff near the northern edge of the airstrip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0023-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nPearson had a problem \u2013 he had moved to the Buri airstrip under the assumption that his mission would last only a few hours and required speed in getting there; he had left the battalion's heavy equipment, packs, and mess equipment at San Pablo. Thus, 1/187th's mortar platoon had no mortars. The mortar platoon commander took his men down the road to a weapons depot and borrowed two mortars and ammunition; it would turn out to be a fortuitous move. At 15:00, Pearson sent a patrol to contact the 382nd Infantry battalion to the north of Buri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0023-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nAn hour later, a great deal of Japanese activity was observed on a hill to the west. Pearson called for and received artillery support. Unfortunately, the artillery fire was soon lifted because it was landing on the boundary between divisions and there was a probability that the target area was occupied by troops of the 96th Infantry Division. Japanese snipers harassed 1/187th along the Buri-Burauen road all afternoon. By 18:00, 1/187th had driven most of the Japanese back from the Buri airstrip, although a few pockets of resistance remained around its edges. Soon it was dusk and all was quiet. There were no rations and no idea when they would be brought up. 1/187th settled in for the night; its false sense of security and tranquility would soon be shattered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 854]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0024-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nThe evening of 6 December erupted into bedlam when Japanese bombers began dropping incendiary bombs on the Bayug airstrip. At the same time at San Pablo, 11th Airborne Division staff members were sitting down to dinner when they heard the drone of aircraft overhead. They looked outside and saw a number of transport aircraft \u2013 C\u201347s, they thought \u2013 slowly flying at an altitude of only 700 feet (210\u00a0m), almost directly overhead. What the officers were witnessing was the beginning of the Japanese First Airborne Brigade's two-regiment assault to recapture the Burauen area airfields.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0024-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nThe Japanese transports and their fighter escorts were scheduled to be over the airfields at 18:40. Fighters and medium bombers were to strafe and neutralize the defenses around the Buri, San Pablo, and Bayug airstrips. At the same time, light bombers were to hit the antiaircraft artillery positions between San Pablo and Dulag. Each transport carried 15 to 20 paratroopers. Just before dark, on schedule, the Japanese transports, fighters, and bombers arrived over the Burauen airfields. Several incendiary bombs fell on the San Pablo airstrip, setting a gasoline dump and a liaison aircraft on fire. Japanese fighters raced up and down the airstrips with machine guns blazing. US antiaircraft fire knocked down 18 Japanese aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0025-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nJapanese paratroopers began descending from the transports. Between 250 and 300 paratroopers landed on or near the San Pablo airstrip. Once on the ground, the Japanese used a system of bells, whistles, and horns to assemble their units. They talked in loud tones and allegedly called out in English, \"Hello, where are your machine guns?\" Most of the Japanese assembled on the north side of the airstrip. They burned three or four more liaison aircraft, a jeep, several tents, and another gasoline dump.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0025-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nDuring the night of 6\u20137 December, a platoon of combat engineers from the 127th Airborne Engineer Battalion (AEB), armed with three machine guns, dug in on the southwest corner of the airstrip. Three times during the night, the Japanese charged the engineers' position; three times the Japanese were thrown back with heavy losses. The Japanese who landed west of the airstrip were between San Pablo and Bayug. They spread out with some moving down the sides of the San Pablo airstrip and others moving off to the west toward the Bayug airstrip, where they set fire to several liaison aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0025-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nThe Japanese then moved into the Bayug bivouac area and destroyed the camp. Seventy-five American officers and men were at the Bayug airstrip; most of them dug in and defended the south side of the airstrip until the morning of 7 December. At dawn, after most of the Japanese paratroopers had assembled on the San Pablo runway, they moved north and west to the northern edge of the Buri airstrip and joined elements of the Japanese 16th Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0026-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nIt became clear to General Swing when he returned to San Pablo overnight that the Japanese airborne assault and air attacks were something more than a reconnaissance-in-force. But, his seven small infantry battalions were all committed either in the hills beyond Burauen or deployed near the Buri airstrip. Accordingly, he diverted other troops from their primary missions to acting infantry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0026-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nLieutenant Colonel Lucas E. Hoska, the 674th GFAB's commanding officer, whose battalion was at the mouth of the Bito River, north of Abuyog, was directed to leave his pack howitzers and move his battalion as rapidly as possible to San Pablo. Swing charged the 152nd Airborne Anti- Aircraft Battalion (AAAB) to use what men it had left to defend the division CP. He directed the 127th AEB to defend the airstrip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0027-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nAt daylight on 7 December, a diverse group of soldiers from the 127th AEB and other division service units prepared to attack across the San Pablo airstrip to clear the Japanese and relieve some beleaguered division troops, including some of the 127th's own. Just as they were about to launch their frontal attack, the carbine-wielding artillerymen from the 674th GFAB arrived in DUKWs, dismounted, and swung into line on the right wing of the 127th AEB's composite unit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0027-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nThe two battalions then prepared to move out as a provisional infantry regiment under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Douglas C. Davis, the 127th's commanding officer. Just then, General Swing arrived. The similarity between the battle at the San Pablo airstrip and most Civil War battles became apparent with the engineers on the left, the artillerymen on the right, and both battalions drawn up in a line across the southern edge of the airstrip. In the center, between the two outfits, was the General, shouting as he directed Lieutenant Colonels Davis and Hoska in the attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0027-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nThey in turn bellowed at their units, and the line stepped off. The Japanese were holed up all around the airstrip. Initially, the strongest resistance was met in front of the engineers to the west. By maneuvering his companies, Davis succeeded in pushing across to the north of the airstrip. That evening, the composite force set up in a tight defensive perimeter in that area where it remained for the next few days in defense of the San Pablo airstrip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0028-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nMeanwhile, 60 Japanese paratroopers had jumped onto the Buri airstrip. By the middle of the morning of 7 December, the Japanese had completely occupied the undefended airstrip. On the night of 6\u20137 December, the USAAF service personnel had abruptly fled the airstrip, leaving behind their weapons; the Japanese made \"best use\" of them. Late on the night of 6 December, General Swing had sent word to Lieutenant Colonel Pearson that he wanted 1/187th to clear the Buri airstrip as soon as possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0028-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nDuring the morning of 7 December, 1/187th was deployed along the Buri-Burauen road, taking machine-gun fire from the Japanese west of the road. Pearson directed elements of his battalion to hold this force in place while he organized his attack on the Buri airstrip to the east. At about 09:30, 1/382nd arrived from the north. At 09:45, both battalions advanced toward the Buri airstrip. Twice, 1/187th fought its way onto the northwest corner of the airstrip; twice, it was blasted off by heavy Japanese fire. 1/382nd also advanced aggressively but faltered when one of its company commanders was hit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0028-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nPearson decided to withdraw both battalions to the north and consider another way to attack the airstrip. He made a personal reconnaissance around the west end of the airstrip and decided to move a couple rifle platoons to the south side of the airstrip. In this position, machine guns and mortars could bring in supporting fire. 1/187th moved out at 14:00 to the west as planned, but ran into Japanese booby traps. Pearson directed the battalion's lead elements to turn southward while the machine guns were set up close to the edge of the landing strip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0028-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nIn less than a minute, their crews had the machine guns firing at a group of Japanese hurrying across the airstrip. In about 15 minutes, the machine-gun crews ran out of ammunition. Two men crawled to the rear to get more ammunition and returned with orders to withdraw. 1/187th and 1/382nd regrouped at the west of the airstrip. A/187th and B/187th attacked abreast to the northeast and A/382nd attacked due east. The three rifle companies ran into heavy Japanese fire but continued their advance. By 16:00, the \"dog-tired\" Americans were holding the southwest corner of the airstrip with their ammunition running low.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0029-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nXXIV Corps headquarters had released the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the 149th Infantry Regiment (1/149th and 2/149th) to General Swing's operational control for employment against the Japanese in the Burauen area. The two infantry battalions had been alerted at 02:00 on 7 December for movement to San Pablo. 1/149th arrived at the San Pablo airstrip at 14:00 and was directed to attack and secure the Buri airstrip. A/149th and C/149th deployed abreast on a frontage of 200 yards (180\u00a0m) for each company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0029-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nA heavy machine gun section was attached to each company and a D/149th mortar platoon was to support the attack from positions on the San Pablo airstrip. Moving out at 14:30, the infantrymen covered the first 400 yards (370\u00a0m) without incident but were stopped by a rain-swollen swamp. Attempts to bypass the swamp were fruitless and they were forced to wade through the sometimes shoulder-high water. The 149th Infantry companies lost contact with each other during the crossing. A/149th arrived at the Buri airstrip and made contact with 1/187th about 16:30.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0029-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nC/149th, delayed by a skirmish with the Japanese, did not arrive until about 18:00. Because of the lateness of the hour and the fact that observation had shown there were \"many more Japanese\" on the north of the airstrip than had been estimated, it was decided to establish defensive perimeters for the night. At 20:00, the sector was reported quiet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0030-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nWith the arrival of the 149th and 382nd Infantry battalions in his area, Lieutenant Colonel Pearson felt that he could now attack and secure the length of the Buri airstrip. But that was not yet to be. Late in the afternoon of 7 December, General Swing sent word to Pearson to move 1/187th from the Buri airstrip area to defend the Fifth Air Force headquarters at Burauen along the Burauen-Dulag road. It was the target for the Japanese 26th Division descending out of the hills to the west of Burauen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0030-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nBy midnight, 1/187th was at the Fifth Air Force headquarters area. 1/187th then moved into the defensive positions previously occupied by 2/187th, about 800 yards (730\u00a0m) west of Burauen on a rise in the foothills of the mountains. From the heights, they could see the battle for control of the Buri airstrip. They were also in a position to block the Japanese from attacking eastward toward Burauen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0031-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nOn 10 December, after a half-hour artillery concentration, 1/149th attacked north across the Buri airstrip. In their advance, 1/149th cleared the airstrip area of individual Japanese paratroopers and destroyed the remaining pockets of resistance. 1/149th went into a perimeter defense at 17:00. The Buri airstrip was finally clear.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0032-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nAt 19:30, a battalion-sized force from the Japanese 26th Division launched an attack out of the hills to the west of Burauen against the various US installations in and around Burauen. The Japanese were four days late in arriving at their line of departure for the planned combined assault on the Burauen airfields, primarily because they were trying to move eastward along the same mountain trails that the 511th PIR was using to move westward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0032-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nOnly a little more than a battalion of the Japanese division, which was to have assisted the Japanese 16th Division, managed to arrive in a very disorganized condition. The Japanese began firing at the Fifth Air Force administration buildings. The Fifth Air Force personnel were pushed back until they reached the hospital. First Lieutenant John G. Hurster, the 1/187th's mess officer, had set up his field kitchen near the hospital from where he could carry hot meals to the troops dug in the foothills to the west.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0032-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nThe hospital's commanding officer, concerned about the safety of his staff and patients, had earlier asked Hurster to set up a perimeter around the hospital. Hurster had complied, using cooks, supply troops, and drivers to man the perimeter. During the Japanese attack, Hurster and his assortment of converted infantrymen held their position. On the morning of 11 December, they found 19 dead Japanese. That same morning, 1/187th patrols were sent out into the foothills and killed an additional 17 Japanese. This small battle marked the end of the attack by the remnants of the Japanese 26th Division and was the last major effort by the Japanese to regain control of the Burauen airfields.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 776]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0033-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Airfields\nThe 11th Airborne Division and the 187th GIR had their baptism of fire. The 187th had landed on Leyte not expecting to be committed to combat. Under those circumstances, coupled with the surprise Japanese assault on thinly defended installations, the 187th, committed to combat unexpectedly and in haste, performed superbly. Further tests of their fighting skill were in the immediate offing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0034-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nWhile the battle for the Burauen airstrips was underway, the 511th PIR was making its way over the mountains, looking for the Japanese main supply route (MSR), with  2/187th following up behind. The mission of the 11th Airborne Division was now to fight its way over the mountains to the west coast and link up with the Sixth Army, which was fighting its way up the west coast, north of Albuera. Late on the afternoon of 3 December, 2/187th reached Anonang, which was nothing more than a jungle clearing with an abandoned shack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0034-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nCaptain George Ori's F/187th was sent to occupy an observation post (OP) on a hill to the northwest of the Anonang perimeter. Once there, Ori discovered that the OP commanded a view of a strong Japanese position on a plateau beneath it. That night, the Japanese hit Ori's position. Ori called in mortar fire from Anonang that drove off the Japanese. The next day, Ori sent a platoon down from the OP to probe the Japanese position. The Japanese opened up with machine guns, wounding the platoon leader and two of his men. Ori ordered a withdrawal. F/187th had run up against a Japanese force on a hill that, sometime later, would become known as \"Purple Heart Hill.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0035-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nThe 11th Airborne Division's G-2 (Intelligence) had determined the locations of the main Japanese forces remaining within the division's AO. One force that F/187th had just found was at Anonang; the other was west of Mahonag; more Japanese were infiltrating westward after they failed to seize the Burauen airfields. From 4 December until 11 December, 2/187th had several encounters with the Japanese around Anonang while the 511th PIR was continuing to fight its way westward toward Mahonag. On 11 December, Brigadier General Albert Pierson, the assistant division commanding general, arrived at Anonang.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0035-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nAfter reviewing the situation, General Pierson ordered an attack on the Japanese position below Ori Hill, the hill from which Captain Ori and F/187th had occupied earlier. On 12 December, F/187th and G/187th launched the attack with G/187th moving to strike the Japanese from the north and F/187th moving to hit from the southwest \u2013 a small pincer movement. A Battery, 457th PFAB, the unit that had parachuted into Manarawat, provided artillery support. By 13:00, F/187th had cleared Ori Hill and was working down the slope toward the main Japanese position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0035-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nPresently, F/187th became impeded by friendly artillery rounds that were bursting in the trees above and behind it. The artillery's forward observers with the rifle companies could hardly find their spotting rounds through the thick jungle overhang that limited visibility to a few yards. They had reverted to adjustment by sound \u2013 which proved not entirely accurate. The attack was called off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0036-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nLate on the afternoon of 13 December, 1/187th arrived at Anonang with orders to relieve 2/187th. On 14 December, 2/187th was directed to move west to Mahonag to protect the DZ vacated by the 511th PIR. The Mahonag DZ was nothing more than a field on a hillside, about 300 yards (270\u00a0m) long by 200 yards (180\u00a0m) wide, studded with stumps and fallen trees, and packed with hundreds of slit trenches deep enough for a soldier to stand in. The DZ was littered with boxes, cans, and debris from spent airdropped ration packs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0036-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nThe air was filled with the odor of unburied, decomposing Japanese bodies and a large, prosperous swarm of flies. The real estate blossomed with green, yellow, and white cargo parachutes that the men of 2/187th set up as tents for shelter. For the next few days, 2/187th dug a perimeter, incorporating some of the foxholes left by the 511th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0037-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nIn the middle of December, General Swing relocated his infantry battalions. The 188th GIR moved to a location near Manarawat. Colonel Hildebrand and several members of the 187th GIR headquarters staff moved to Anonang by way of Manarawat to take over command of operations in the central mountains from Anonang to Mahonag. On 20 December, F/188th relieved 2/187th of its DZ security mission at Mahonag. On 21 December, General Swing flew into Manarawat and hiked up to Mahonag, arriving late in the afternoon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0037-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nAt 04:00 on 23 December, Swing and 2/187th, with First Lieutenant Joseph B. Giordano's 2nd Platoon, G/187th, leading off, departed Mahonag for a two-hour march westward to make contact with the 511th PIR on Rock Hill, near Anas, and aid in the breakthrough to the west coast. Swing wanted to personally direct the breakthrough and the 511th was pushing forward along the Japanese MSR that ran along a ridge in the direction of Ormoc. At about 06:00, the column reached the approach to Rock Hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0037-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nAt the same time, the 511th on Rock Hill launched its attack on a Japanese-occupied ridge to clear the last known Japanese position blocking the advance. The 511th attack cracked the Japanese defenses with demolition charges, flamethrowers, bazookas, and hand grenades. By 08:30, the ridge was firmly in the 511th's possession. Word came down for 2/187th to move forward and pass through the 511th. At noon, 2/187th with Giordano's platoon on the point passed through the 511th and took over the lead in the march to the west.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0037-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nAfter putting a Japanese machine gun position out of action and clearing out several weak Japanese pockets of resistance, Giordano and his platoon reached a point high on the western slope of a mountain from where they could see Leyte's west coast. The battalion halted and popped a purple smoke grenade, the signal for friendly forces intended to attract elements of the 77th Infantry Division that might be in the vicinity. On a ridgeline to the west, purple smoke was observed. 2/187th had made visual contact with US forces on the west coast. However, the appearance of the rugged terrain between the two US forces promised that more fighting would take place before physical contact was made.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0038-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nThe column pushed on, continuing to follow the Japanese MSR, and soon reached the approaches to a \"dangerous-looking position to the front.\" Giordano stopped the column, put out security, and sent out a patrol to reconnoiter the position. As the column closed up, all the command hierarchy came forward to learn the reason for the halt. The patrol soon returned and reported that the ridgeline to the front was honeycombed with caves and deeply dug-in foxholes, that it appeared to have been heavily shelled and recently abandoned, and that the area was littered with dead Japanese.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0038-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nGiordano led his platoon to the top of the ridge and found the position well laid out, camouflaged, and dug into almost solid rock. The number of Japanese dead served as mute evidence of heavy fighting. Among the dead were two American soldiers who appeared to have been killed less than 24 hours before. When he reached the west end of the ridge, Giordano could see Ormoc and the seacoast. To his front, about 200 yards (180\u00a0m) away, he saw more dug-in emplacements that were soon alive with members of the 32nd Infantry Regiment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0038-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nThey were amazed to see Americans coming through the same Japanese positions that had given them so much trouble earlier. \"We expected you,\" said one of the 32nd's infantrymen. \"We saw the purple smoke, but we didn't think that you were coming over that hill. Last night, it was solid with Japanese. We lost two of our boys on it.\" Thus, physical contact was made with the Ormoc Corridor, the road was opened between Burauen and Anas, and the area west of Mahonag was cleared. That night, 2/187th spread out beside the Talisayan River headwaters near Albuera.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0039-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nGeneral Swing ordered the 511th PIR to secure the route from Mahonag to the coast. By Christmas Day, the 511th had cleared the mountains and was ordered back to its base camp at Bito Beach. From its base at the head of the Talisayan River, 2/187th was ordered to secure the western end of the Japanese MSR. The Japanese pocket at Anonang had still not been wiped out. The 511th and 2/187th had both butted up against this formidable Japanese position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0039-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nEarly on in his mountain clearing campaign, Swing realized that the Japanese position at Anonang was substantial and that it would take a well-coordinated multi-battalion effort to knock it out. He decided not to attack it in strength while the major portion of his infantry assets was fighting across the mountains to the west, which was his major mission ordered by General Krueger at Sixth Army headquarters. Now that he had linked up with the 77th Infantry Division, he felt that he could deal with the final Japanese redoubt in his AO.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0040-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nThe Japanese defenses at Anonang were on two parallel ridges. On the first ridge, the Japanese had dug spider holes, each between 8 and 10 feet (2.4 and 3.0\u00a0m) deep, for individual riflemen. They had also dug in machine guns with overhead cover and interlocking fields of fire on both ridges. All slope faces were studded with caves that overlooked and controlled the narrow trails. In the rear of the defensive position was a bivouac area, cached with ammunition, rations, and other supplies, large enough to accommodate a regiment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0040-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nThe position was a concentration point for the Japanese troops in the area and it was estimated that at least 1,000 Japanese were dug in along the ridges and gorges. The second ridge, where the Japanese had concentrated the bulk of their defenses and their manpower, would  become known among the 11th Airborne troops as Purple Heart Hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0041-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nOn 18 December, C/187th moved from Manarawat and rejoined 1/187th at Anonang. 2/188th had been probing the Japanese-held ridges for three days, searching for an undefended or weakly held approach into the position \u2013 there were none. In the meantime, 1/187th had pulled back from Anonang and circled the Japanese stronghold in a wide arc, moving to the north, above the Japanese defenses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0041-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nTo the west of 1/187th was the Division Reconnaissance (Recon) Platoon that had traveled along the slopes of Mount Lobi to determine how far to the north that the Japanese stronghold extended; the Recon Platoon found instead that the position extended westward. Consequently, the Recon Platoon dug in on the northwest corner of the Japanese defensive network. Colonel Robert H. Soule, the 188th's commanding officer, was in overall command of the assault on Purple Heart Hill. he planned his attack for the morning of 26 December. For the assault, he had 2/188th, 1/187th, and the Recon Platoon under his command.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0041-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nFirst, he moved F/188th from Mahonag down the trail to the east to set up an ambush. He used the rest of 2/188th, located on a hill position southwest and across a gorge from the objective, first as a ploy, and then as part of the attack. Soule directed 2/188th to move southwest, away from the Japanese hill, leading the Japanese to believe that, like the four other infantry battalions that had moved out of the area, 2/188th was also moving out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0041-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nInstead, 2/188th moved into a narrow, steep-sided riverbed that hid it from view, then doubled back and climbed a rock gully onto the southern slope of Purple Heart Hill. Then 2/188th turned left and moved up on the Japanese flank. As soon as they were within range and sight, the Japanese took them under heavy fire from deep entrenchments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0042-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nThe Japanese on Purple Heart Hill were so well entrenched and so numerous that Colonel Soule decided to blast them with as much artillery fire as he could muster before ordering any ground attacks. During most of the night of 26 December, artillery from Manarawat and Burauen, and 2/188th's mortars pounded the Japanese. Finally, after strong artillery preparation, 2/188th stormed Purple Heart Hill on the morning of 27 December and, after intense, close-in firefights and hand-to-hand combat, struggled to the top of the hill and held it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0042-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nThe entire battalion closed in at dusk but had no time to dig in; they just moved into the old foxholes and revetments from which they had blasted the Japanese. Those Japanese that had not been killed in the assault scattered to the north and west. Those moving northward ran into 1/187th, which was attacking southward along the gorge and up the other ridge. The Japanese fleeing westward ran into the Recon Platoon and the F/188th ambush along the Japanese MSR. The battle for Purple Heart Hill was over after almost five weeks of containment followed by the final attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0042-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nA search of the area found 238 dead Japanese. How many were buried in the subterranean galleries was unknown. It was also discovered that the elusive Japanese MSR, which wound from Ormoc Bay, ended at Anonang. Division intelligence reasoned that, because of its extensive defenses, the fact that Purple Heart Hill was the MSR's eastern terminal, Anonang was probably the Japanese 26th Division's CP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0043-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nAfter the success at Purple Heart Hill and the juncture of the 511th PIR and 1/187th with the other US forces on the west coast, the main battles of the 11th Airborne Division on Leyte were finished. Most of the division withdrew to the Bito Beach base camp. The 674th and 675th GFABs, still bereft of their artillery pieces and acting as infantry, remained in the hills outside Burauen, scouting and patrolling the eastern approaches to the Leyte hills. By 15 January 1945, all division units had returned to Bito Beach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0043-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nOn 21 January, after a division parade and awards ceremony, reviewed by Lieutenant General Robert L. Eichelberger, commanding general of the newly formed US Eighth Army, General Eichelberger told General Swing that he was \"elated\" that General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in the Southwest Pacific Area, had given him the \"go-ahead\" to invade Luzon with the 11th Airborne Division. He also assigned Swing a top priority: get to Manila, the major prize of the Pacific War to date, ahead of his competition, General Krueger's Sixth Army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0044-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nThe Battle of Leyte was over. The Americans had established a base of operations from which USAAF bombers could strike Luzon, the heart of the Philippine archipelago. Ahead was more intense fighting for the Allies. In the tents on Bito Beach, in the mess lines, and  wherever the GIs gathered, the main topic of conversation centered on the location of their next fight. They knew that the Sixth Army had invaded northern Luzon at Lingayen Gulf on 9 January.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0044-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Leyte, Clearing the Mountains\nThey had heard rumors that the 11th Airborne Division's paratroopers had been alerted for a jump ahead of the Sixth Army at Nichols Field outside Manila. But toward the end of the month, unit commanders received a supply of handbooks describing the terrain and geography of southern Luzon. Division staff studied the area from Nasugbu east to Batangas City and north to Manila. Rumor became reality when the division received orders for an operation in southern Luzon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0045-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mounting Up\nGeneral Krueger's Sixth Army invaded Luzon at 09:30 on 9 January 1945 with two field corps, comprising a force of some 68,000 men. The Japanese defenders numbered about 275,000. To defend the largest island in the Philippines, most of the Japanese troops withdrew from the coastal regions and prepared for a long delaying action in the island's interior. Their objective was to hold Luzon as long as possible to prevent the Allies from using it as a base of operations against the Japanese homeland. The main Japanese force of about 152,000 was deployed in several mountain strongholds in the north; another 50,000 defended southern Luzon and the hills east of Manila; the third force of 30,000 was stationed west of the Luzon Plain in the hills dominating the huge Clark Field complex.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 860]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0046-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mounting Up\nBack on Bito Beach, Leyte, the 11th Airborne Division received an Eighth Army order on 22 January to prepare for a two-pronged operation on Luzon. An amphibious RCT would land in the Nasugbu area on Luzon's southwest corner, seize, and defend the beachhead; an airborne RCT would move by air from Mindoro bases, land by parachute on Tagaytay Ridge, about 20 miles (32\u00a0km) to the east of the Nasugbu landing zone, and effect a juncture with the RCT moving inland from Nasugbu. The 11th Airborne Division, reinforced after assembling on Tagaytay Ridge, would prepare for further action to the north and east as directed by the Eighth Army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0047-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mounting Up\nOn 24 January, General Swing issued the order for Operation Mike VI that outlined in detail the division's operation plan (OPLAN) for executing the Eighth Army order. The 188th Glider Infantry RCT (188th RCT) would lead the amphibious assault at Nasugbu, followed by the 187th Glider Infantry RCT (187th RCT) with the mission of protecting the southern flank and blocking the approaches from the Balayan Bay-Calatagan Peninsula area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0047-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mounting Up\nThe 511th Parachute Infantry RCT (511th RCT), with the 457th PFAB attached, would drop onto Tagaytay Ridge when Swing could assure General Eichelberger, the Eighth Army's commanding general, that the amphibious force could link up with the airborne force  within 24 hours. The Seventh Fleet would shell the beaches for one hour before the landing and the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Air Forces would provide assault and close air support. The Eighth Army designated D-day as 31 January.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0047-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mounting Up\nThe order also scheduled an amphibious dry run for the 187th and 188th glider infantry units that were more prepared to enter combat by landing in a field than they were in wading ashore from a Navy landing craft. On 26 January, as directed, the first three waves loaded, pushed out into Leyte Bay, and then came churning back to \"assault\" Bito Beach. Swing deemed the dry run a success and ordered the division's amphibious elements to embark aboard their ships for the cruise to Nasugbu. The 187th GIR, glider and parachute trained, was now going to emulate the Marines \u2013 storm across the beaches from the sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0048-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mounting Up\nThe catch to the loading out of the division's amphibious elements was what ships the Navy would send, and this was not definite until the ships arrived at approximately 20:00 on 25 January. Most of the supply ships were completely loaded within 24 hours, except for the great bulk of engineer supplies, ammunition, and gasoline. The landing craft for the troops arrived at 07:00 on 27 January, and soon thereafter, the troops went aboard. The assault convoy of over 100 ships and landing craft of all types weighed anchor and steamed out to sea from Leyte that afternoon. An additional eight landing craft carried the 511th RCT to Mindoro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0049-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mounting Up\nMany 11th Airborne Division units went through staff and command changes. In the 187th GIR, Lieutenant Colonel George O. Pearson, 1/187th's commanding officer, took over as the 187th's executive officer; Lieutenant Colonel Arthur H. Wilson, 2/187th's commanding officer, replaced Pearson as 1/187th's commanding officer; and Lieutenant Colonel Norman D. Tipton returned from the 511th PIR to take over his old 2/187th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0050-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Luzon Landing\nAt dawn on 31 January 1945, the convoy arrived off Nasugbu in clear skies and calm seas. On their landing craft, the men of the 187th and 188th RCTs could see the white landing beaches, the town of Nasugbu, and the green mountains of southern Luzon beyond. The Wednesday morning quietude was broken at 07:00 when USAAF A\u201320s and P\u201338s appeared overhead, dropped down on the deck, and strafed the beaches. At 07:15, the Navy began shelling and rocketing the designated landing area. An hour later, the shelling stopped and the beachmaster landing party headed for shore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0050-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Luzon Landing\nAt 08:22, Generals Eichelberger and Swing received word aboard the Navy task force command ship USCGC Spencer (WPG-36) that the landing was unopposed. At 08:25, the first wave of eight landing craft motored ashore, ran up on the beach, dropped their ramps, and the 188th RCT's glider riders turned amphibians waded ashore. The first assault troops, a reconnaissance-in-force from Lieutenant Colonel Ernest H. LaFlamme's 1/188th, headed for their first objective, the town of Nasugbu 1,500 yards (1,400\u00a0m) away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0050-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Luzon Landing\nSome Japanese, from positions on hills to the north and on the south flank of the beachhead, fired rifles and machine guns sporadically and dropped a few mortar rounds along the beach until LaFlamme sent off patrols to silence the opposition. General Swing and the 11th Airborne Division staff transferred to landing craft and reached the beach just behind the 188th's second wave. By 09:45, the 188th had moved through Wawa, Nasugbu, and its airstrip and started southeastward along gravel roads toward the Palico River and the entrance to the section of Route 17 that led to Tagaytay Ridge. At 10:00, General Eichelberger ordered the landing of the remainder of the amphibious force. At 10:30, Lieutenant Colonel \"Harry\" Wilson led the 187th RCT ashore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 831]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0051-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Luzon Landing\nAfter 2/188th took Lian and the Japanese had been driven back into the hills, 1/187th was attached to the 188th RCT for the march inland and up the hill on the road to Tagaytay Ridge. The remainder of the 187th RCT assumed responsibility for the Nasugbu beachhead. One battery of the 674th GFAB remained behind on the beach to support the 187th RCT's defense of the beachhead. By 13:00, all combat elements of the two RCTs were moving inland. General Eichelberger and his small Eighth Army command group had landed and joined General Swing near the head of the column marching up Highway 17 to link up with the 511th RCT.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0052-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nBy 31 January 1945, General MacArthur had become frustrated with the Sixth Army's slow advance on Manila from the north. MacArthur's primary objective on Luzon was the capture of Manila and the air base at Clark Field, which were required to support future operations. \"Get to Manila,\" he ordered his two field commanders. General Eichelberger reasoned that if he could make the Japanese think that his small force moving up Highway 17 across Tagaytay Ridge and heading for Manila from the south was a larger force, he would have a tactical advantage and a relatively unopposed run-up to the capital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0052-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nPlanning to have troops on Tagaytay Ridge before dark on 1 February, Eichelberger directed General Swing to advance the 188th RCT, reinforced with 1/187th, forward as rapidly as possible. He thought that the entire 11th Airborne Division, including the 511th RCT, could assemble on Tagaytay Ridge on 2 February, and asked the Fifth Air Force to drop the 511th RCT a day earlier than originally planned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0052-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nHe also requested that the 24th Infantry Division move the entire 19th Infantry Regiment to Nasugbu from Leyte to protect the port and MSR up Highway 17 to Tagaytay Ridge and  free up 2/187th to join the rest of the 187th RCT on its march to Manila. The Fifth Air Force replied affirmatively, but General MacArthur agreed only to make another battalion of the 19th Infantry available in addition to the one that was already under Eichelberger's control and loading for Luzon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0053-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nThe 188th RCT's first objective was the Palico River Bridge carrying the shortest and best route to Tagaytay Ridge over a gorge 250 feet (76\u00a0m) wide and 85 feet (26\u00a0m) deep. Lying 5 miles (8.0\u00a0km) miles inland from Nasugbu, the bridge could hold the 11th Airborne Division's heaviest equipment. If the division could not seize the bridge intact, it would have to ford the Palico River south of Nasugbu and work its way along poor roads to Highway 17 east of the river crossing, a time-consuming process that would require considerable engineering effort and slow supply movement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0053-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nBy 14:30, the 188th RCT's lead battalion, 1/188th, had reached the bridge. The 188th RCT had moved inland so rapidly that Japanese sappers on the east bank preparing to blow the bridge were stunned by the sudden, unexpected appearance of the Americans and failed to explode the prepared demolitions. The lead elements of 1/188th ran down an open hill west of the bridge, dashed across the span, and routed the Japanese. The 127th AEB inactivated the demolition charges and reinforced the bridge sections that the Japanese had weakened. By 15:30, the bridge and surrounding area were secured and the entire 188th RCT and attached 1/187th were across the Palico River and at the junction of Highway 17 with the main road from Nasugbu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0054-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nAs Highway 17 began to rise more sharply, the advance slowed as the 188th RCT found itself moving cautiously through narrow passes, bordered by steep wooded banks, ideal for ambushes. At 18:00, the 188th RCT halted along Highway 17 about 4 miles (6.4\u00a0km) beyond the Palico River Bridge. The normal tactic of fighting the Japanese in the Pacific was to halt just before dark and set a perimeter defense before eating whatever rations were on hand and bedding down for the night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0054-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nGeneral Eichelberger discerned that if the 188th RCT kept moving at night, the Japanese might be thrown off balance and would not be able to practice their customary night probes of the American defenses. Eichelberger felt that he had the momentum and told General Swing to push on by the light of the full moon. At midnight, 1/187th passed through the 188th RCT and took up the lead. At 04:00 on 1 February, Lieutenant Colonel Wilson halted the march. Almost 20 hours after wading ashore at Nasugbu, the men slept for two hours and were up and off again up the road at 06:00, heading for Tagaytay Ridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0055-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nAt daybreak, 1/187th approached a defile bounded by Mounts Cariliao, Talamitam, and Apayang to the northwest and Mount Batulao to the southeast. At the foot of Mount Cariliao was Mount Aiming. The five peaks gave the Japanese a perfect defensive position that dominated the highway. When they saw 1/187th advancing toward them, the Japanese opened up with artillery, mortars, and machine guns, the heaviest barrages that the 11th Airborne Division had encountered since landing. The hostile fire from the heights around the road that slowed the advance appeared to be from a Japanese outpost on Mount Aiming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0055-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nAs 1/187th advanced, they ran up against the Japanese main line of resistance (MLR) across Highway 17. Air and ground reconnaissance disclosed that the Japanese defenses were hinged on Mount Aiming and anchored on the southern and eastern slopes of Mount Cariliao, north of the highway, and along the northern slopes of Mount Batulao, south of the road. Raising its crest over 1,300 feet (400\u00a0m) above Highway 17, Mount Cariliao provided the Japanese with excellent defensive terrain, while the rough slopes of Mount Batulao, almost 2,700 feet (820\u00a0m) high, afforded almost innumerable hideaways.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0055-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nTo the 11th Airborne Division approaching along ground that gave little concealment, the key to the Japanese defenses appeared to be Mount  Aiming, a sharp, bare height of some 1,180 feet (360\u00a0m) off the southeastern slope of Mount Cariliao. The MLR was a string of caves, dugouts, and tank traps, all interconnected by a zigzag line of trenches, backed up with various Japanese artillery pieces emplaced to the north and east of Mount Aiming. Artillery rounds from these guns bracketed the highway. There were Japanese infantrymen in caves and trenches on Mount Aiming and across the highway. The Japanese defenses into which the 188th RCT had now run appeared to be the line to which the Japanese had been falling back; the Japanese were now ready to fight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 835]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0056-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nGeneral Swing gave Colonel Soule the mission of reducing the Japanese stronghold on Mount Aiming. Soule in turn directed 1/187th to lead the attack up the highway. He sent 1/188th to the left and north of the highway and 2/188th to the right and south. The 674th and 675th GFABs' howitzers were brought forward to support the infantry attack. The attack got underway at 09:00 when the 188th RCT's forward air control observer directed USAAF fighter and medium bomber close air support strafing and bombing of the Japanese positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0056-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nThe artillery echelon fired concentrations on Japanese defensive positions and counter-battery fire on the Japanese artillery positions. Picking its way through what cover and concealment it could find, including a sharp gorge on the north side of Highway 17, A/188th broke through the Japanese lines and secured a foothold on the southern slopes of Mount  Aiming about noon. The rifle company became separated from the rest of 1/188th and was forced to dig in. The Japanese counterattacked A/188th all afternoon but failed to dislodge the Americans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0056-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nIn the face of Japanese machine-gun and mortar fire, the remainder of 1/188th finally cleared all of Mount Aiming. Seizing Mount Aiming pierced and split the Japanese defenses at the defile and helped reduce the volume of point-blank machine-gun and small-arms fire that had held up the division. While 1/188th held its position on the north flank, 2/188th moved south of the road and attacked the Japanese strongpoint between Mount Batulao and the highway. Meanwhile, 1/187th moved in between 1/188th and 2/188th and, as the center of the line, attacked eastward astride the highway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0057-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nThe delay occasioned by the fight at the Mount Cariliao-Mount Batulao defile had slowed the 188th RCT's advance and dashed General Eichelberger's hopes for assembling the entire division on Tagaytay Ridge by dusk on 2 February. General MacArthur had instructed Eichelberger not to bring in the 511th RCT until he was certain that the amphibious units could link up with the paratroopers within 24 hours of their drop. Since it appeared by evening that the 188th RCT might well have to spend all day on 2 February fighting its way through the defile, Eichelberger reluctantly directed General Swing to bring in the 511th RCT on 3 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0058-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nOn the morning of 2 February, the 188th RCT launched an all-out attack to the east. At 08:30, the USAAF and the two artillery battalions hit the main Japanese positions between the two mountains. 1/187th and 2/188th continued the assault to the east, passing through 1/188th, protecting the 188th RCT's left flank on Mount Aiming. Despite strong close air support by the Fifth Air Force and division artillery, the 188th RCT could make little progress during the morning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0058-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nThe pace quickened shortly after noon when the Americans broke through to Aga, a barrio east of Mount Aiming, and the Japanese were forced to withdraw with the capture of a regimental CP at 13:00, which showed the haste in which the Japanese departed. In the defense of their CP, the Japanese had built three tank traps across the highway 20 feet (6.1\u00a0m) wide across the top, 4 feet (1.2\u00a0m) wide across the bottom, and 25 feet (7.6\u00a0m) deep, which the 127th AEB bridged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0058-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nWhile 1/188th moved north, 2/188th continued to attack the Japanese in the northern foothills of Mount Batulao. So far, the 188th RCT had lost six KIA and 41 WIA, and had killed about 90 Japanese. By 18:00, 1/187th, now leading the attack along Highway 17, was 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) beyond Aga and only 2 miles (3.2\u00a0km) short of the west end of Tagaytay Ridge when.it butted up against the third and strongest position of the Japanese MLR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0058-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nThe advance halted for the night and the battalion prepared to resume its drive the next morning to make contact with the 511th RCT, scheduled to start dropping on Tagaytay Ridge at 08:15. Throughout the night, the Japanese harassed the forward American units with artillery, mortar, and small-arms fire. The Japanese located the 675th GFAB's firing position and forced it to displace its guns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0059-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nAt 07:30 on the morning of 3 February, the 188th RCT, with 1/187th attached, attacked the final Japanese position in the stubbornly defended Mount Cariliao-Mount Batulao area. The three battalions advanced rapidly against little resistance until 11:00. 1/188th's lead company rounded a ridge-nose on the north side of a sharp bend in Highway 17 on the western edge of Tagaytay Ridge and halted after observing Japanese activity on another ridge-nose south of the bend. General Pierson arrived and Lieutenant Colonel LaFlamme told him that his point men could see Japanese on the high ground to the south.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0059-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nColonel Soule drove up and was discussing the situation with Pierson when the Japanese opened up with artillery, machine-gun, and small-arms fire. Pierson jumped into a roadside ditch and Soule jumped in on top of him. Soule received a shell fragment in his buttocks and commented to Pierson that he had been hit. Not only were Pierson and Soule pinned down by the artillery fire, but so were many other high-ranking officers, including General Eichelberger and several colonels and lieutenant colonels. In one of the barrages, 1/187th's Lieutenant Colonel Wilson was wounded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0059-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nIn all, the barrage resulted in eight KIA and 21 WIA. The artillery barrages forced everyone to take cover. Soule removed himself from the ditch and immediately assumed command of the attack on the Japanese position. He sent orders to bring up 1/187th. Wilson ordered his lead company to swing around behind the Japanese position and take it from the rear. 2/188th moved off the road to the south and onto the Japanese-held ridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0059-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack Inland\nBy 13:00, the troops of 1/187th and the 188th, using flamethrowers and hand grenades, supported by the guns of the 674th and 675th GFABs, wrestled control of the ridge from the Japanese, killing over 300 in the battle. The position was obviously an important one in the Japanese defensive plan; it was honeycombed with enormous supply tunnels, reinforced-concrete caves, and strong artillery and individual firing positions. With the reduction of Shorty Ridge, named after Colonel \"Shorty\" Soule, the amphibious units of the 11th Airborne Division that had landed and fought their way up a difficult route of attack were ready to make contact with the paratroopers of the 511th RCT.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0060-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nAt 08:15 on 3 February 1945, while the 188th RCT and 1/187th were reducing Japanese resistance on Shorty Ridge, the first of the 1,750 paratroopers of the 511th RCT (less the 457th PFAB) began dropping from forty-eight C\u201347s onto the Tagaytay Ridge DZ. Because of a shortage of transport aircraft, only about one-third of the 511th RCT could be airdropped in one lift; the jump was planned for three waves delivered over two days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0060-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nThe first elements to be dropped consisted of Colonel Haugen, the 511th RCT's commanding officer, and his regimental command group, 2/511th, and one-half of 3/511th \u2013 about 915 officers and men overall. Tagaytay Ridge made an excellent DZ for a mass parachute drop. The area selected for the DZ was flat and over 4,000 yards (3,700\u00a0m) long and about 2,000 yards (1,800\u00a0m) wide. The only dangerous feature was the possibility of being blown off the ridge and down into Taal Lake. It was well that there was no Japanese opposition, because the paratroopers landed in an inordinately scattered fashion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0061-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nThe Fifth Air Force transports had flown north from Mindoro to approach Tagaytay Ridge from the northeast in order to avoid Japanese antiaircraft fire from west of the DZ. The first 18 planeloads of paratroopers landed right on DZs marked by smoke pots set out by advance scouts. At this juncture, the aircraft in the second serial were nearly three minutes behind the lead serial. About 08:20, the second serial of thirty C\u201347s carrying 570 paratroopers dropped 6 miles (9.7\u00a0km) short of the DZ when its lead plane accidentally released a drop bundle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0061-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nTaking this as a signal that they were over the proper DZ, all the paratroopers immediately \"hit the silk.\" The second serial, under explicit orders to ignore the scattered parachutes on the ground, persisted in jumping short. The transport pilots, realizing they had not yet reached the proper DZ, attempted to halt the drop, but the jumpmasters continued sending the paratroopers out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0061-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nAt about 12:10, when the rest of the regiment, the other half of 3/511th and 1/511th, came in over the ridge in the second wave of fifty-one C\u201347s, only about 80 paratroopers from the first five aircraft of this group landed in the proper DZs; the remainder dropped their paratroopers on the collapsed parachutes from the misplaced airdrop. When all was said and done, only 425 paratroopers dropped onto the proper DZs; 1,325 landed between 4 and 6 miles (6.4 and 9.7\u00a0km) to the east and northeast. The regiment suffered about 50 jump casualties, of whom all but two were listed as \"slightly injured.\" One paratrooper was killed and another was carried on the casualty lists as seriously injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0062-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nDespite the scattered landings, Colonel Haugen had all his troops reassembled by 14:00. He dispatched patrols westward to establish contact with the 188th RCT moving up Tagaytay Ridge and to secure the eastern end of Tagaytay Ridge where Highway 17 turned sharply north and downhill toward Manila. Haugen also sent patrols out along the roads and trails leading north and south from the ridge crest that found no signs of Japanese. Both Generals Eichelberger and Swing were with the 188th RCT's forward elements and contacted Haugen near the Manila Hotel Annex atop the ridge overlooking Taal Lake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0062-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nThat afternoon, 2/511th secured the DZ and, after 3/511th assumed DZ security, moved to the junction of Highways 17 and 25B to await further orders. The 11th Airborne Division CP moved into the Manila Hotel Annex, which was in a central position on the ridge and made a convenient control point for the troops moving east and north.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0063-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nGenerals Eichelberger and Swing intended to have the reinforced 188th RCT hold Tagaytay Ridge and reduce the Japanese pocket on the western nose of the ridge while the 511th RCT pushed northward toward Manila with all possible speed during the afternoon of 3 February. Swing had sent all of his available motor transport forward to Tagaytay Ridge to move the 511th RCT northward in battalion-sized shuttles and directed the 188th RCT to follow when the situation permitted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0063-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nEichelberger's hopes that the 11th Airborne Division could start its dash to Manila on 3 February did not come to fruition, because there was not enough motor transport or gasoline available to permit it. Later in the afternoon, seventeen 2 1/2-ton cargo trucks were unloaded from landing craft at Nasugbu and sent forward. By 4 February, ten C\u201347s landed at Nasugbu's dirt airstrip, widened and cleared by the 127th AEB, with a cargo of gasoline that was immediately sent forward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0064-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nAfter dark on 3 February, General Swing sent First Lieutenant George Skau and 21 men from the Division Recon Platoon, mounted in jeeps, up Highway 17 to reconnoiter the road to Manila. Swing cautioned Skau that he was driving into unknown territory and to radio back as soon as he encountered Japanese defenses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0064-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nAt 04:00 on 4 February, Skau reported back that the road was secure as far as Imus, a small town almost 25 miles (40\u00a0km) north of Tagaytay Ridge, where the Japanese had blown the Imus River bridge just south of the town, but he had found a dirt road that bypassed the bridge. It, too, had a bridge ready to be blown but the recon patrol had removed the charges. At 05:30, the 2/511th point moved out in two jeeps. Two hours later, the rest of 2/511th mounted trucks and set out from Tagaytay Ridge, over 12 hours behind Sixth Army elements already coming into Manila from the north.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0065-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nAbout 11:30, forward elements of 2/511th dismounted at Imus. About 50 Japanese, holed up in an old stone building dating back to the early days of the Spanish occupation, defended the alternate bridge that the recon patrol had found. Most of 2/511th walked across the Imus River along the top of a small dam south of the town, while D/511th, supported by several of the 674th GFAB's 75mm pack howitzers, undertook to reduce the Japanese strongpoint so that the trucks could continue up Highway 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0065-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nThe 5 feet (1.5\u00a0m) thick walls of the old building proved impervious to the light artillery shells, so a soldier climbed on to the building's roof, knocked a hole through the roof, poured in gasoline, and started a fire inside with a white phosphorus hand grenade. As the Japanese came dashing out, they were summarily cut down by the men of D/511th. With the Imus bridge secure, 2/511th drove on another 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) to Zapote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0065-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nHere, Highway 17 ended at a junction with Highway 25, which led northeast across the Zapote River bridge to a junction with Highway 1, south of the Las Pi\u00f1as River bridge. The Japanese had prepared to demolish the bridge and defend it from positions on the north bank, but 2/511th caught them by surprise and took the span intact after a hard fight. 2/511th halted at Las Pi\u00f1as while 1/511th, coming north on a second truck shuttle from Tagaytay Ridge, passed through and continued toward Manila.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0065-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nThe 511th RCT, by truck and on foot, moved forward and was now pushing against the southern Japanese defenses of Manila. Meanwhile, back on Tagaytay Ridge, the third wave of the 511th RCT airdrop, the 457th PFAB, dropped onto Tagaytay Ridge opposite the division CP at 08:15, and the 188th RCT with 1/187th attached, having cleaned out the Japanese on Shorty Ridge, left a company to secure the area and Colonel Soule led the rest of his command on foot toward Manila.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0066-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nWith his division on a new mission and his MSR strung out over 70 miles, General Swing gave the 187th RCT (less 1/187th) the mission of securing the MSR. To assist in the vast task of covering the large area that the 11th Airborne Division had liberated, General Eichelberger brought ashore the 19th Infantry Regiment (less one battalion). The 187th RCT accomplished its mission by patrolling the area and establishing outposts along the entire MSR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0066-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nThe force was not large enough to take on large Japanese concentrations, but active patrols were able to drive the Japanese farther into the surrounding hills. One Japanese concentration was around Mount Pico de Loro; another was on Mount Sungay. In the future, the entire 11th Airborne Division would return to wipe out the Japanese pockets of resistance, but first, it had to assist in the subjugation of Manila. In a few days, both 187th RCT infantry battalions would move to the area south of Manila to join the 511th RCT in what would prove to be one of the 11th Airborne Division's bloodiest fights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0067-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nNote: Whether the jump on Tagaytay Ridge was necessary is a question that cannot be answered categorically. Certainly, the drop was not required to secure Tagaytay Ridge \u2013 there were no Japanese there and elements of the 188th RCT were already on the west end of the ridge before the first paratroopers were out of their planes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0067-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nOn the other hand, with the allied naval forces short of amphibious lift and escorts to move the regiment any sooner, the 511th RCT, coming from Mindoro by water and then overland from Nasugbu, could not have reached Tagaytay Ridge until late on 4 February at the earliest. In such an event, the 11th Airborne Division, with insufficient strength to continue toward Manila, might have been forced to wait along the ridge another day, giving the Japanese ample time to redeploy its forces to defend Highway 17 north of the ridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0067-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Jump on Tagaytay Ridge\nGeneral Eichelberger hoped that the division could move in strength on Manila during 3 February and catch off balance the defenders south of the city. Whatever the case, the day or two saved by the 511th RCT's jump would prove to make no difference, for the Japanese had already fully manned strong defenses at the southern outskirts of Manila, though Generals Eichelberger and Swing could not know this on the basis of available information.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0068-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nFollowing Highway 1 up the shoreline of Manila Bay, 1/511th left Las Pi\u00f1as behind at 18:00 on the evening of 4 February 1945. The battalion ran into increasingly heavy harassing fire from Japanese riflemen and machine gunners. At Para\u00f1aque, 2 miles (3.2\u00a0km) beyond Las Pi\u00f1as, the unit found a bridge across the Para\u00f1aque River, the southern boundary of metropolitan Manila, badly damaged, defended by Japanese on the north bank, and covered by Japanese mortar and artillery fire originating from Nichols Field to the northeast. It was here, only 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) south of the Manila city limits, that the 11th Airborne Division ran into well-planned and heavily-manned Japanese defenses that could not be bypassed; they had found the right anchor of the Japanese Genko Line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 872]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0069-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nThe Genko Line consisted of a series of mutually-supporting reinforced concrete pillboxes extending eastward across Nichols Field and anchored at Mabato Point along Laguna de Bay (Laguna Lake). The rear of the Genko Line was based on the high ground of Fort William McKinley. Naval guns salvaged from damaged or sunken ships were set in permanent concrete emplacements, and horizontally-firing antiaircraft artillery was tactically located to assist in the defense. Many of the concrete pillboxes were two and three stories deep.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0069-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nThe Genko Line held some 6,000 Japanese in over 1,200 pillboxes supported by 44 heavy artillery pieces, 164 antiaircraft artillery weapons that could fire vertically at aircraft or horizontally at ground troops. and over 500 machine guns; 100-pound bombs and antisubmarine depth charges were rigged as land mines. All roads leading to the Genko Line were heavily mined with 500-pound bombs armed with low-pressure detonators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0070-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nThe Japanese blocking force that halted the 511th RCT at the Para\u00f1aque River bridge was part of the Imperial Japanese Navy Land Forces, ground combat units consisting of naval personnel organized for offensive operations and the defense of the Japanese naval facilities, and artillery units of varying armament. Northeast of the bridge, Nichols Field, the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service base of operations, bristled with antiaircraft defenses. Heavy weapons attachments held Fort McKinley, which was 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) northeast of Nichols Field. Other Japanese units manned antiaircraft artillery positions midway between Fort McKinley and Nichols Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0070-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nThe Japanese also had a few troops at Nielson Field, 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) north-northeast of Nichols Field. Rear Admiral Sanji Iwabuchi commanded the Manila defenses. He had 20,000 men under his command, consisting of 16,000 naval troops and 4,000 army troops who had been trapped by the American pincers movement on Manila from the north and south. Before General Krueger's Sixth Army invasion from Lingayen, Admiral Iwabuchi believed that the main American effort would come from the south, and prepared his strongest defenses accordingly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0071-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nThe 674th GFAB had moved up into positions from which it could support the 511th RCT's advance. General Swing had established his CP in a cathedral near Para\u00f1aque. Lieutenant Colonel Hoska, the 674th's commanding officer, told Swing that he believed that his pack 75s could neutralize the heavy Japanese fire coming from across the Para\u00f1aque River bridge. Swing permitted him to try. Between midnight and 05:00 on 5 February, Hoska directed a single gun in a precision attack on the Japanese defensive positions, knocking out five machine-gun emplacements and two 20mm high-velocity antiaircraft guns embedded in the concrete breakwater wall 30 yards (27\u00a0m) across the river.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0072-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nAdmiral Iwabuchi ordered his men to blow up all of Manila's military installations and the port area, the bridges, and the municipal water and electrical power installations. On 5 February, the Japanese dynamited the northern port area and fled southward across the Pasig River, blowing all the bridges behind them. The blasts ignited fires that quickly engulfed a section of bamboo houses near the port. Shortly, much of the northern half of Manila was in flames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0073-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nOn the morning of 5 February, the 511th RCT forced a crossing of the Para\u00f1aque River and started north along Highway 1 over a narrow strip of land lying between the river on the east and Manila Bay on the west. During the next two days, the 511th RCT fought its way about 2,000 yards (1,800\u00a0m) northward in house-to-house and pillbox-to-pillbox fighting, depending heavily upon flamethrowers and demolitions, losing six KIA and 35 WIA, and killing about 200 Japanese. On 6 February, General Swing called a halt to the advance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0073-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nThat afternoon, the 188th RCT (with 1/187th attached) and 2/187th arrived from Tagaytay Ridge. Swing proposed sending the 188th RCT and 2/187th against Nichols Field, from where Japanese artillery rounds had been falling on the division's right, while the 511th RCT continued its drive into Manila in the west, on the division's left flank. On the night of 6\u20137 February, the reinforced 188th RCT and 2/187th moved up to their lines of departure south and southeast of Nichols Field, ready to launch their attack at daybreak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0074-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nThe 188th RCT attack on 7 February, across fairly open terrain, gained little ground in the face of heavy, concentrated, and accurate artillery, mortar, and machine-gun fire from the Japanese defenses on and around Nichols Field. To the west, the 511th RCT managed to get its right wing across the north-south stretch of the Para\u00f1aque River to positions near the southwest corner of Nichols Field, but there it stopped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0074-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nDuring the next two days, the 511th RCT secured a narrow strip of land between the Para\u00f1aque River and the airfield's western runway and overran some Japanese defenses at the northwest corner of the airfield. The 188th RCT made contact with the 511th RCT at the southwest corner of the airfield but could gain little ground on the south and southeast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0074-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nOn 10 February, its last day under Eighth Army control, the 11th Airborne Division consolidated its gains and established a solid line from the northwest corner around to the southeast corner of the airfield, eliminating the last Japanese resistance on the western end of the airfield. Meanwhile, elements of the 511th RCT had continued up Highway 1 beyond Nichols Field's northwest corner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0075-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nDespite four days' effort, the 11th Airborne Division had been unable to substantially reduce the volume of Japanese artillery fire originating from the Nichols Field defensive complex. Supporting airstrikes and the division's light 75mm pack howitzer and short 105mm howitzer artillery  were not designed for heavy duty, were almost ineffective against the heavy reinforced-concrete pillboxes held by Japanese, and had failed to knock out enough of the Japanese guns at the airfield to permit the infantry to advance without taking severe losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0075-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nNichols Field was the center of the Genko Line and contained an interconnecting network of pillboxes and gun emplacements linked by underground tunnels. The terrain around the airfield was open, providing the Japanese with excellent fields of fire for their flat-trajectory dual-purpose antiaircraft weapons. The Japanese had embedded several naval guns on the airfield's outer rim. On 11 February, the 511th RCT attacked northward along the bay front in its sector to within 1 mile (1.6\u00a0km) of the city limits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0075-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nGeneral Swing, Colonel Haugen, the 511th RCT's commanding officer, and Lieutenant Colonel Tipton, 2/187th's commanding officer, were in conference in the 2/187th CP when a Japanese 20mm shell penetrated a window and exploded in the room, wounding \"Hard Rock\" Haugen in the chest. He died on 22 February during an air evacuation flight from Mindoro to New Guinea. Lieutenant Colonel Edward H. Lahti, 3/511th's commanding officer, assumed command of the 511th RCT. Meanwhile, in a series of patrol actions, the 187th RCT had secured the southeast corner of Nichols Field and its southern runway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0076-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nOn 12 February, General Swing ordered a full-scale assault on Nichols Field. After airstrikes and artillery preparation succeeded in knocking out many Japanese artillery positions, 2/187th attacked eastward from the northwest corner of the airfield; the 188th RCT and 1/187th drove in from the south and southeast. Under cover of continuing artillery barrages, the infantry rushed forward to attack pillboxes and gun emplacements. In the afternoon, the Japanese counterattacked and were beaten back. By dusk, the 188th RCT and 1/187th had cleared most of Nichols Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0077-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nHaving reduced Nichols Field, the 11th Airborne Division continued its advance on 13 February. The 511th RCT advanced eastward astride the Manila-Fort McKinley road. The 187th and 188th RCTs continued their attack across Nichols Field. On the morning of 15 February, the division continued its attack across Nichols Field and toward Fort McKinley. The plan called for the 188th RCT, with 2/187th attached, to pivot and strike toward Fort McKinley and for the 511th RCT to continue its attack eastward, with all six battalions converging at Fort McKinley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0077-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nAt 12:15 on 15 February, following an airstrike coupled with an artillery and mortar barrage, G/187th lead off the attack. 1st Platoon, G/187th, started moving forward; there was no Japanese reaction. The platoon crossed a dry streambed and started up the slope of the other side. Suddenly, Japanese machine guns located in the streambed that 1st Platoon had just crossed opened up on the platoon's rear. Fortunately, the platoon was well dispersed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0077-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nBefore any return fire could be brought to bear on the machine gun locations, a shouting, screaming mass of Japanese climbed out of the streambed and charged 1st Platoon. The platoon's machine-gun crews had their weapons mounted and firing within seconds. Their fire, combined with that of the BARs began knocking the Japanese down. They still came on in a seemingly endless stream. The leading Japanese closed with 1st Platoon and all semblance of organization vanished as it became every man for himself. G/187th's commander committed his 2nd Platoon to the fight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0077-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nThey knocked out several Japanese machine guns in the streambed that had ceased firing because their fire was masked by their own troops. Leaving a squad  to continue up the streambed, the remainder of 2nd Platoon crossed the streambed and entered the melee. For some unknown reason, the Japanese chose not to fight it out but attempted to pass through 1st Platoon to reach the shelter of their bunkers and pillboxes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0077-0004", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nRealizing that the Japanese in the bunkers and pillboxes would soon start firing even if it meant killing their own men, G/187th consolidated its two platoons (less one squad in the streambed) and started up the hill. Help arrived when F/187th, on the left of G/187th, had swung to their right and reached the top of the hill first, putting the remaining Japanese between the two American infantry companies and cut off from their positions. Within minutes, all firing ceased and G/187th moved to the hillcrest to join F/187th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0077-0005", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nSuddenly, without warning, a muffled explosion shook the area and the earth on top of the hill rose and settled, knocking most of the men to the ground. Preferring death to the disgrace of capture, the Japanese had blown the position while the Americans were on top of it, expecting the whole hill to be destroyed and killing everyone on it. Fortunately, the demolition charge was too small.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0078-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nThe 11th Airborne Division had now seized two-thirds of the Genko Line. The 511th RCT, with 2/187th attached, had pushed through the left end of the line, then turned eastward to join the attack on Nichols Field. The 188th RCT, with 1/187th attached, had swung northward across Nichols Field and linked up with the 511th RCT and 2/187th. With the seizure of Nichols Field, the division, for the most part, had completed its objective in the battle for Manila. Since its amphibious landing at Nasugbu, the division had suffered 900 casualties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0078-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nOf this number, the 511th RCT lost 70 KIA and 240 WIA; the 187th and 188th RCTs together lost 100 KIA and 510 WIA. The division had killed about 3,000 Japanese in metropolitan Manila. Following the fall of Nichols Field, the division regrouped for the assault on the last two bastions in the Genko Line: Fort McKinley and Mabato Point, the high ground on Laguna Lake about 2,000 yards (1,800\u00a0m) south of Fort McKinley. General Swing's plan was simple: blast the Japanese defenses with airstrikes and artillery, attack the blind sides and vulnerable points, squeeze the Japanese tighter, and, if they tried to escape, hit the escape routes with airstrikes and artillery, or previously-set ambush sites.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 799]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0079-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nOn 14 February, General Swing assigned the mission of reducing Mabato Point and attacking Fort McKinley from the south to a special task force (TF) under the command of General Pierson, the assistant division commanding general. TF Pierson was composed of 1/187th, 3/19th Infantry, a company of M4 Sherman tanks from the US 44th Tank Battalion, and a platoon of combat engineers from C/127th AEB. The next day, TF Pierson advanced northward toward Fort McKinley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0079-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nAt the same time, the 188th RCT, with 2/187th attached, and the 511th RCT attacked in line eastward on TF Pierson's left flank in the face of heavy Japanese artillery and automatic-weapons fire from the fort. Between 15 and 17 February, the division consolidated its gains. On 16 February, during a reconnaissance of the eastern approaches to Fort McKinley, there was an enormous explosion that demolished the side of a hill. The concussion knocked some of the men flat. One explosion followed another as the Japanese destroyed their ammunition dumps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0079-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Attack on Manila and the Genko Line\nOn 17 February, Swing received the go-ahead to launch his attack on Fort McKinley. 1/511th led the attack from the west with 2/187th on their right flank. As they closed on the fort, the artillery, antiaircraft, mortar, and small-arms fire from emplacements and pillboxes increased. Japanese suicide squads fought desperate delaying actions, but American casualties were comparatively light. Just inside the Carabao Gate, the main entrance to Fort McKinley, the attack was halted by division order; elements of the 1st Cavalry Division had crossed the Pasig River and were working toward the division from the northeast corner of the post. Aside from local patrolling, the Nichols Field-Fort McKinley fight was over. The Japanese had withdrawn to a new concentration area in the vicinity of Mabato Point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 902]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0080-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mabato Point\nOn 15 February 1945, Lieutenant Colonel Pearson, the 187th RCT's executive officer, took over the mission of reducing Mabato Point, which was on high ground on the western shore of Laguna de Bay or Laguna Lake, the largest lake in the Philippines. From their well-fortified strongpoint on top of Mabato Point, the Japanese had perfect observation and wide, grazing fields of artillery, mortar, and machine-gun fire over open and rolling terrain. Tunnels were burrowed through the hill, opening into large rooms containing headquarters, communications centers, hospitals, supply rooms, kitchens, and living quarters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0080-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mabato Point\nA Japanese soldier could move between positions without surfacing. Pearson deployed his forces in an arc surrounding Mabato Point. He held 3/19th Infantry on the heights south of Fort McKinley, sent 3/511th to control the southern exits from the area, and put 1/187th to the west along the Manila Railroad track that ran northwest-southeast across the area and close to Mabato Point; the 457th PFAB was prepared to support the ground attack with its pack 75s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0081-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mabato Point\nLieutenant Colonel Pearson launched his attack at midmorning on 18 February. A/187th and B/187th struck due east, advancing partially up the hill, but Japanese mortar fire forced both companies to withdraw off the hill. After reassessing the situation, Pearson decided to call in airstrikes and all the artillery fire he could bring to bear. In the afternoon, USAAF P\u201338s and P\u201351s and Marine SBDs blasted and strafed the area, along with hundreds of rounds of artillery and tank fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0081-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mabato Point\nThe ground around the Japanese defensive positions was so hard that the aerial bombs merely chipped off pieces of the fortification; the artillery and tank fire was even less effective. Pearson then called for napalm airstrikes. The napalm did two things: it burned off the camouflage covering the cave and tunnel entrances, and when landing near a tunnel opening, burned up so much oxygen so rapidly that many Japanese suffocated inside the tunnels. Mabato Point was attacked again on the morning of 19 February. C/187th led the assault with armor support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0081-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mabato Point\nThe rifle company made its way partially up the hill and, again, was blasted off the hill by huge 150mm mortars. For days, 1/187th had been trying to locate the Japanese observers who were directing the mortar fire so accurately. Finally, several Japanese were spotted in trees. Sharpshooters were brought up and knocked the Japanese out of the trees. The mortar fire subsequently abated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0082-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mabato Point\nBy 21 February, the Japanese on Mabato Point were surrounded and cut off from their escape routes. Patrol boats were sent out on Laguna Lake to block the Japanese escape by water. That morning, a group of Filipino guerrillas and a young Filipino girl were escorted to Lieutenant Colonel Pearson's CP west of Mabato Point. The girl asked Pearson if a Japanese medical officer could surrender. When asked for the whereabouts of the Japanese officer, she pointed to one of the \"guerillas,\" a nondescript little individual who promptly surrendered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0082-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mabato Point\nThrough an interpreter, the Japanese officer stated that there were perhaps 400 more Japanese in the Mabato Point area that would surrender unconditionally if given the chance. Pearson ordered a ceasefire and sent a Filipino messenger under a white flag of truce to the Japanese commander on Mabato Point. At noon, all fire would be halted for a half hour and any Japanese defenders who wished to surrender could walk out with their hands over their heads and move down the hill toward the American lines. The Japanese commander rejected the offer out of hand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0082-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mabato Point\nPearson resumed the attack at 12:30 with airstrikes, artillery concentrations, and tank fire. C/187th again led the attack up the hill. The Japanese attempted to repel the assault, but finally, the ground forces who were advancing along the arc of the attack assaulted the position with rifles, grenades, flamethrowers, and fixed bayonets. That night, the 15 surviving Japanese officers marched on their commander's order to Mabato Point and committed harakiri. Later that night, a group of Japanese tried to escape down a road to the south, unaware that 3/511th and a group of Filipino guerrillas had set up ambushes along the road; the result was a slaughter of the Japanese troops.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0083-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mabato Point\nOn 21 February, the Americans moved without opposition to Mabato Point. All organized resistance in the area of Nichols Field, Fort McKinley, and Mabato Point had ceased. By 25 February, both 1/187th and 2/187th had moved back to Tagaytay Ridge for a brief respite from battle. The tranquility would be short-lived. The Japanese were far from defeated in the Philippines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0084-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nOn 10 February 1945, the 11th Airborne Division had passed from General Eichelberger's Eighth Army to General Krueger's Sixth Army control and, consequently, to Lieutenant General Oscar W. Griswold's XIV Corps. On 23 February, General Griswold gave General Swing the broadly\u2013defined mission of destroying all Japanese forces in Luzon south of Manila. More specifically, this meant the reduction of the Japanese defenses on Mount Macolod on the southeastern shore of Taal Lake, the seizure of Lipa, and the clearance of Highway 19, the main route through the Lipa Corridor, for 5 miles (8.0\u00a0km) north of Lipa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0084-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nIt was clear to Swing that the Japanese were far from defeated in this area. One Japanese force formed a well-dug-in line from Laguna Lake to Taal Lake along Mount Bijiang, Mount Makiling, and Mount Sungay. Another force occupied the Ternate-Mount Pico de Loro sector, driven there during the 11th Airborne Division's initial drive from Nasugbu. The Japanese also manned a strong defensive position along the Mount Macolod-Lipa Hill-Mount Malepunyo hill masses. A large number of Japanese were holed up on the Bicol Peninsula north of Legazpi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0085-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nTo assist the replacement-deficient 11th Airborne Division, General Griswold attached the 158th RCT. He told General Swing to open the Manila-Santo Tomas-Lipa-Batangas City highway so that the port at Batangas City on the southern shore of Luzon could be used to mount further amphibious operations. The Manila-Batangas City highway ran in a north-south line along the western shore of Laguna Lake and then to the east of Taal Lake. Griswold also told Swing to open Manila Harbor by clearing out the Japanese in Ternate, on the southern shore of Manila Bay, southeast of Corregidor Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0085-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nSwing knew that his new missions would require the total commitment of his seven-infantry-battalion division. At no time since the division entered combat did he ever have the luxury of units in reserve. Some of his battalions, through combat losses, were at a present-for-duty strength of just over 200 effectives. But Swing knew his division and his subordinate commanders, and he knew how to employ them effectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0086-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nThe 187th RCT had not yet operated as a stand-alone RCT on Luzon; its two infantry battalions were usually attached to one of the other RCTs, proving the need for a triangular regimental organization in which the regiment's main body was composed of three maneuver battalions (as with the 511th RCT), rather than a square regimental organization with two battalions. In March, the 187th RCT fought as a stand-alone regiment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0086-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nGeneral Swing planned for the 187th and 511th RCTs to attack abreast, with the 187th RCT on the right, eastward through the narrow neck of land between Taal and Laguna lakes. He sent the 158th RCT along two routes, Balayan-Lemery-Bauan-Cuenca and Batangas City-Lipa, the two prongs to join at Lipa; he assigned 1/188th to attack the Japanese entrenched in Ternate and the Pico de Loro hills on the southern shores of Manila Bay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0087-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nThe 187th RCT was in a bivouac area to the west of Mount Sungay on the north shore of Taal Lake. The regiment sent out recon patrols to gather intelligence on the Japanese defensive positions dug in on Mount Sungay to its east. The 675th GFAB, the 187th RCT's attached artillery unit, harassed the Japanese on Mount Sungay with constant artillery barrages. While the infantrymen and artillerymen were fighting the ground battles, the combat engineers were carving out roads along the cliffs and defiles in the rugged mountainous terrain around Taal Lake with their small glider-borne bulldozers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0087-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nOne of the roads that they constructed was along a steep, sheer cliff on the north side of the lake. General Swing reasoned that if the 187th RCT moved down this cliff and took up position on the 511th RCT's right flank, it would gain much terrain for which the regiment would otherwise have had to fight by moving overland above it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0088-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nThe northern arm of the pincers in southern Luzon began to move on 7 March when the 187th RCT descended the steep southern slopes of Tagaytay Ridge to the northern shore of Taal Lake. Turning eastward, the 187th RCT met no opposition until, on the afternoon of 8 March, the lead elements came under heavy mortar and automatic-weapons fire from Japanese defenses about 300 yards (270\u00a0m) west of a hill 2 miles (3.2\u00a0km) west of Tanauan. With 1/187th on the left and 2/187th on the right, the regiment deployed to double-envelop the hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0088-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nWith the aid of close-air and artillery support, it took three days of heavy fighting on the north side of the hill for the 187th RCT to overrun these defenses on 11 March. This key Japanese position consisted of a fortress of pillboxes surrounding a concrete water tank. On top of the hill, the 187th RCT routed the Japanese out of an underground garrison of large, interconnected caves in which many Japanese were sealed when the exits collapsed. After subduing the Japanese, the 187th RCT moved east to Tanauan and halted pending the outcome of the 511th RCT's attack south through the Lipa Corridor toward Santo Tomas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0089-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nThe 511th RCT had assembled at a barrio 7 miles (11\u00a0km) north of Santo Tomas. Here Route 1, which ran from Manila to Tanauan and then eastward through the Lipa Corridor between Mounts Makiling and Malepunyo, joined Route 21, leading eastward, through Los Banos, along the south shore of Laguna Lake. The 511th RCT's first task was to reduce the Japanese defenses on Mount Bijiang, a rough peak located at the northwestern corner of the Mount Makiling hill mass and controlling Routes 1 and 21 for about 5 miles (8.0\u00a0km) south and southeast of the 511th RCT's location.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0089-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nThe 511th RCT launched unsuccessful frontal attacks against Mount Bijiang from 10 March through 13 March. Thereafter, supporting airstrikes and artillery reduced the defenses, which Filipino guerrillas finally overran on 19 March. Without waiting for this outcome, elements of the 511th RCT had pushed down Route 1 toward Santo Tomas. Meanwhile, other elements of the 511th RCT had moved eastward along Route 21 to a point about 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) short of Los Banos, where the Japanese had reorganized their defenses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0090-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nNeither the 511th RCT nor the 187th RCT, nor even both operating in concert, had the strength required to overrun the strong Japanese positions in the Santo Tomas-Tanauan region. Therefore, until 23 March, the two RCTs mopped up in the areas they already held, warded off numerous small-scale Japanese counterattacks, patrolled to locate Japanese defenses, and directed air and artillery bombardments on Japanese positions  Elements of the 1st Cavalry Division relieved both units on 23 March. The 187th RCT moved by motor transport from Tanauan over and around Tagaytay Ridge, south to Lemery, and north to Cuenca, at the southern base of Mount Macolod.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0091-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nThe 158th RCT made somewhat better progress. Striking from the vicinity of Nasugbu on 4 March, the 158th RCT secured Balayan, at the northwestern corner of Balayan Bay, on the same day. The 158th RCT then drove eastward against negligible opposition, cleared the northern shores of Balayan and Batangas Bays, and, on 11 March, reached Batangas City, on the northeastern shore of Batangas Bay. On its way eastward, the 158th RCT had bypassed strong Japanese elements on the Calumpang Peninsula that separates Balayan and Batangas Bays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0091-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nThe 158th RCT had to clear the peninsula to assure the security of the northern side of the Verde Island Passage and to make the shores of Balayan and Batangas Bays safe for base development. In an operation marked by minor shore-to-shore operations by both Japanese and American units, the Americans cleared the peninsula by 16 March. Most of the Japanese garrison escaped to islands in the Verde Island Passage or the Lubang Islands. Meanwhile, other elements of the 158th RCT had made contact with strong Japanese defenses blocking the Batangas-Lipa road at Mount Macolod.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0091-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nNumbering some 1,250 men in all, the Japanese had the support of a 300mm artillery howitzer, two 70mm guns, ten or more 81mm mortars, a few lighter mortars, and a wealth of machine guns and automatic cannons, including many removed from disabled Japanese aircraft at the Lipa airstrips. The 158th RCT, launching an attack at Mount Macolod on 19 March, had the support of two 105mm and two 155mm artillery battalions. From 19 through 23 March, the 158th RCT overran the Japanese outer defenses east of the road and southeast of Mount Macolod, which lay west of the road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0091-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nThe 158th RCT captured two small satellites, the hill masses of San Jose and Santa Rosa. Additionally, the 158th RCT captured Cuenca. But the 158th RCT made little progress at Mount Macolod proper and, by 23 March, when General Krueger detached the 158th RCT from General Swing's command to prepare for the Bicol Peninsula landing at Legazpi, the Japanese still had a firm hold on the mountain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0092-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nThus, by 23 March, the 11th Airborne Division and the 158th RCT had closed with the Japanese MLR at the northern and southern entrances to the Lipa Corridor, had cleared the shores of Balayan and Batangas Bays, and had secured the northern side of the Verde Island Passage. Simultaneously, division elements had considerably reduced the threat to its line of communication (LOC) posed by the Japanese units isolated west of Taal Lake, although it was 1 April before the 188th RCT overcame the last organized resistance in the rough hills south of Ternate. Total casualties for the period from 4 March through 23 March were 75 KIA and 255 WIA, against almost 1,500 Japanese killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0093-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Southern Luzon\nCommand of the 187th RCT passed from Colonel Hildebrand to Colonel Pearson. Lieutenant Colonel Wilson departed 1/187th and became the 187th RCT's executive officer. Major David Carnahan replaced Wilson. When Colonel Tipton departed 2/187th and became the 188th RCT's commanding officer, he was replaced by Major James D. Loewus. Pearson was assuming command of the 187th RCT just as it was about to fight its bloodiest and, unfortunately, deadliest battle in its history \u2013 the reduction of Mount Macolod.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0094-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nMount Macolod, about 60 miles (97\u00a0km) south of Manila, rises to 3,107 feet (947\u00a0m) on the southeastern shore of Taal Lake. The mountain's northern and western slopes rise nearly vertically from the water. On the eastern and southern slopes, the drop is also vertical from about 1,200 feet (370\u00a0m); then three ridges descend gradually to the base of the mountain. Two of these ridges lead onto the highway that passes through Cuenca and the barrio of Dita.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0094-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nThe north-south (Cuenca) ridge would become known as Brownie Ridge and the east-west (Dita) ridge would become known as Bashore Ridge, named after the 187th RCT infantry company commanders that assaulted them. Brownie Ridge was the strongest Japanese position on the mountain and was honeycombed with tunnels and caves. The third ridge connected Mount Macolod to Bukel Hill, a lesser projection about 500 yards (460\u00a0m) east of the mountain. In the saddle between Mount Macolod and Bukel Hill, on the northeastern side of the mountain, the Japanese had constructed another defensive position. Beneath camouflage and foliage, the area bristled with artillery and automatic weapons carefully aimed and emplaced to cover all approaches with interlocking fields of fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0095-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nBy 22 March 1945, the 187th RCT had completed its move from Tanauan to Cuenca and had occupied the positions of the departing 158th RCT. For its assault on Mount Macolod, General Swing assigned the 756th and 760th FABs (155mm), the 472nd and 675th GFABs (105mm), a 4.2\u2013inch mortar company from the 85th Chemical Mortar Battalion, a platoon of Sherman tanks from the 44th Tank Battalion, and B/127th AEB.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0096-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nOn the night of 23 March, a Filipino guerrilla patrol had probed a Japanese position east of Dita and lost six men in a firefight. The next morning, Colonel Pearson sent armor-reinforced F/187th and G/187th to clear out the area. The tanks leveled the houses in the area and the combat engineers deactivated land mines as the two rifle companies swept the outskirts of Dita. Northwest of the barrio, the Japanese, hidden in concealed caves, stopped the attack with heavy fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0096-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nBoth rifle companies withdrew with one KIA and seven WIA after dark to defensive positions 200 yards (180\u00a0m) south of Dita and the Japanese moved into the barrio. Pearson understood that patrolling alone was not going to get the job done. He was opposed by a strong, well-armed, and well-concealed force, and that he needed airstrikes and massive artillery preparation to pound the Japanese before he sent his infantrymen in again. At 09:00 on 24 March, the four artillery battalions supporting the 187th RCT concentrated on the area and Bukel Hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0096-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nA squadron of USAAF P\u201347s bombed and strafed Dita and the surrounding area. F/187th and G/187th again tried to clear the Japanese out of Dita in house-to-house fighting. Intense Japanese defensive machine-gun fire again halted the attack. 2/187th suffered four KIA and multiple WIA before falling back to their defensive positions; an estimated 30 Japanese were killed. It was apparent that the Japanese were retreating into their underground tunnels during the USAAF bombing and strafing runs. On 27 March, using airstrikes with napalm and chemical mortar and artillery barrages, 1/187th circled Dita to positions north of the barrio, seized and dug in on Bukel Hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0097-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nFor his attack on 28 March, Colonel Pearson sent both 1/187th and 2/187th in a frontal assault between the Cuenca and Dita ridges into the Mount Macolod area. G/187th attacked with flamethrowers and burned out three Japanese bunkers. Shortly, the company came under heavy machine-gun fire that slowed its advance. E/187th fanned out to the west of G/187th. Both companies fought their way to the top of a hillcrest, even though E/187th was pinned down by heavy machine-gun fire from ravines to the west.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0097-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nMajor Loewus, 2/187th's commanding officer, was wounded by a Japanese sniper, evacuated, and replaced by Major Nat Ewing. Predictably, the Japanese started dropping mortar rounds. In an orderly fighting withdrawal, Ewing saved his command to fight another day. E/187th came off the mountain with 11 WIA. Both battalions were forced to withdraw. Their new positions now encircled the landward sides of Mount Macolod. During the period of 29 March to 1 April, 2/187th held position near Dita and 1/187th was dug in on Bukel Hill. The Japanese performed early-morning banzai attacks that were costly to both battalions. On 2 April, 1/187th and 2/187th attacked with all companies in line, and this time were able to clear the Dita area as far as the base of Mount Macolod, although they were unable to gain the ridges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 891]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0098-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nOn 4 April, the 187th RCT's S-2 (Intelligence) and two others were killed in a Japanese ambush along the highway near Talisay, a barrio about 3.5 miles (5.6\u00a0km) northeast of Lipa at the western base of Mount Malepunyo. It was obvious to Colonel Pearson that the Japanese held Talisay with a sizeable force. At 07:00 on 5 April, F/187th and G/187th started a cross-country move to Talisay. Simultaneously, Japanese artillery rounds landed in Pearson's CP area near Munting, a barrio midway between Lipa and Talisay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0098-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nAbout 1,500 yards (1,400\u00a0m) from the barrio, F/187th and G/187th were hit by the same Japanese guns that hit the 187th RCT CP. They did not have a chance to dig in but took cover in nearby ravines. The 674th GFAB was also caught on the move by the Japanese artillery fire. They moved into positions along the highway to open counter-battery fire. While the Japanese guns were pounding 2/187th, an aerial artillery observer spotted a muzzle flash in dense growth and directed the 674th", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0098-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nGFAB to pour in heavy counter-battery fire on the position; this sharp artillery action silenced the Japanese guns to the east before they could completely decimate 2/187th. When 2/187th reached the area, they found that the Japanese artillery commander, apparently unaware of the need to spread out his guns, had massed all of his artillery pieces in one position. The 674th GFAB's counter-battery fire had effectively knocked out the bulk of the Japanese guns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0099-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nDuring the period of 3 April to 17 April, 1/187th probed the ravines and gullies that wrinkled Mount Macolod. On 17 April, they launched an all-out attack to throw the Japanese off the mountain. Preceded by heavy artillery fire, A/187th attacked along north-south Brownie Ridge, C/187th moved up the north side of Cuenca Ravine, and B/187th advanced on C/187th's right flank. The plan was to have all companies converge at the head of Cuenca Ravine. During the advance up the hill, there was little opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0099-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nWhen the three companies converged, the Japanese hit them with mortar, machine-gun, and sniper fire from camouflaged positions, killing Captain Paul G. Bashore, B/187th's commanding officer, and two others in the hail of fire. An estimated force of 100 Japanese had stopped 1/187th at every turn, despite the concentrations of four artillery battalions and continuous airstrikes. The operation to date had cost 1/187th six officers, seven squad or platoon leaders, and a disquieting number of privates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0100-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nColonel Pearson prepared a task force for an all-out assault on Mount Macolod. He placed M18 Hellcat tank destroyers along the highway west of Dita and moved 155mm artillery howitzers up to the front lines where they could fire directly into cave mouths on the side of the mountain. For three days, a campaign was waged against the Japanese on the mountain. Every second of the day and night, some type of round landed among the Japanese positions \u2013 a burst of heavy machine-gun fire, a mortar round, or an artillery round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0100-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nOn 18 April, Pearson launched a coordinated attack with 1/187th and 2/187th abreast in a semicircle around the southern and eastern slopes. 1/187th used Bukel Hill as its point of departure. The advance was slow and rough, especially across the bare face of Brownie Ridge, where the troops had to run and crouch through machine-gun and mortar fire. On the afternoon of 19 April, G/187th moved up the south ridge without opposition. They arrived at the summit of Mount Macolod at about 15:00 and attacked down the western slope. Hand grenades were thrown down the slopes and into the caves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0100-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nThe Japanese ran down the slope as soon as they realized the Americans were above them and many ran out of the caves after a grenade was thrown in. Each cave was blown shut by the engineers. Constant radio contact was maintained to keep the platoons and squads abreast and to keep from allowing the Japanese to criss-cross the American rear. 1/187th also sealed all the caves in its area; C/187th rolled drums of gasoline into the caves near Cuenca Ravine and ignited them with grenades. The resultant fires killed many Japanese, burned off the vegetation, and prevented the Japanese from infiltrating between companies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0101-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mount Macolod\nBy 20 April, the battle for Mount Macolod was over. That day, the 187th RCT lost 13 KIA and 11 WIA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0102-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nAfter Mount Macolod fell, the last remaining Japanese stronghold in the 11th Airborne Division's AO in southern Luzon was Mount Malepunyo, a hill complex covered with tangled rainforest and bamboo thickets, surrounded by precipitous slopes and interlaced with sharp ridges. The highest peak stood at 3,287 feet (1,002\u00a0m) above the plains. There were no roads and only poorly-maintained jungle trails within the 30 square miles (78\u00a0km2) area of the mountain, which required the troops to hand-carry small loads, use Filipino bearers for resupply and casualty evacuation, and two-seater artillery light observation aircraft to airdrop emergency supplies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0103-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nGeneral Griswold felt that Mount Malepunyo was such a formidable Japanese position that he had originally planned to reduce the mountain with two divisions, the 1st Cavalry and the 11th Airborne. At this time, General Swing had his CP in Lipa. Late on the night of 22 April 1945, Swing received a call from XIV Corps headquarters, informing him that, instead of getting the whole 1st Cavalry Division, he would only have the 8th Cavalry Regiment attached for the operation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0103-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nSwing's assault plan called for the 187th RCT to move to Tiaong to relieve the 188th RCT and block any Japanese withdrawal eastward off Mount Malepunyo. He moved the 188th RCT to Alaminos, north of the mountain, for an attack southward. He held the 8th Cavalry in position at the mouth of the \"Grand Canyon,\" a gorge on the northeastern slope of the mountain. Swing assigned the main effort to the 511th RCT, on the 8th Cavalry's right flank, which was to attack eastward along the Malaraya Hill canyon and then turn northward to join the 188th RCT.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0103-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nSeven artillery battalions, some organic to the 11th Airborne Division and some attached, were spread out around the base of the mountain. Supplementing the artillery were a company of Hellcat tank destroyers, a company of Sherman tanks, and a 4.2-inch mortar company. The artillerymen of D Battery, 457th PFAB, broke down their pack 75s and lugged them up the side of the mountain to fire at the caves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0104-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nThe 187th RCT's area of responsibility was a large arc around the northern shore of Taal Lake. Colonel Pearson located his CP and 2/187th at Tanauan. 1/187th, directly under General Swing's control, was at Tiaong, tasked with cutting off the Japanese retreat from Mount Malepunyo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0105-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nAt dawn on 27 April, General Swing launched his attack. The artillery, located around the base and sides of the mountain, fired some 5,000 mixed-caliber rounds in front of the infantry. USAAF fighter-bombers pounded the Japanese positions. The 511th RCT's paratroopers positioned themselves close to the airstrike impact points because they observed that the Japanese scampered to their caves when they heard the approaching planes and, immediately after the bombing runs, moved out of their caves to man their fighting positions. Being so near, the 511th RCT killed many Japanese as they left their caves and bunkers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0105-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nOn 30 April, after more air and artillery strikes, and after a bloody fight, the 511th RCT was on Mount Malepunyo's high ground. The 511th RCT swept the slopes to flush out the last Japanese remnants. Patrols found large caves interconnected by wire communications and stocked with large ammunition and supply stores. Captured documents confirmed that the mountain fortress was the last stronghold of the Japanese southern Luzon defense force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0106-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nColonel Pearson deployed the 187th RCT's battalions along the likely Japanese escape routes. 1/187th laid ambushes up and down the Malaking Tubig River, east of Mount Malepunyo, for a distance of some 10 miles (16\u00a0km), endeavoring to cover every possible crossing; they accounted for about 400 Japanese killed or captured. On 1 May, the Division Recon Platoon reported contact with a Japanese company-sized force in the vicinity of Aya along Tagaytay Ridge. Since the contact was in the 187th RCT's sector, F/187th, reinforced with a mortar section and a light machine-gun section, was assigned to clear out the Japanese.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0106-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nF/187th moved out at dawn on 2 May and found the Japanese stronghold in short order. F/187th attacked the position from three sides, pouring in a heavy volume of fire. The total kill for F/187th that day was 92 Japanese. One of the squads was led by PFC Joe R. Siedenberg, a veteran of Leyte and Luzon. On 3 May, Siedenberg's squad was pinned down by heavy Japanese automatic-weapons fire. One of his men was wounded in the opening burst and fell, exposed to more Japanese fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0106-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nSiedenberg was hit in the chest as he crawled across the open ground to the wounded man, but he crawled on, gathered up the wounded man, and turned back to cover with the rest of his squad. On the way back, he was hit twice more but continued to crawl and carry the wounded man to safety. Back with his squad, Siedenberg died of his wounds. He was later awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his gallantry. After the war and during the Occupation of Japan, the 11th Airborne Division's first post on Hokkaido was named Camp Siedenberg in his honor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0107-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nThe German act of military surrender to the Allies was signed on 7 May. The War Department and the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) expected that, despite Germany's unconditional surrender, an invasion of Japan was required for total victory. Thirty divisions from the European Theater of Operations (ETO) were on their way to the Far East. General MacArthur's headquarters staff had the plans ready for Operation Downfall, the Allied invasion of the Japanese Home Islands. The operation had two parts: Operation Olympic and Operation Coronet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0107-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nSet to begin on 1 November 1945, Operation Olympic was the invasion of Kyushu, the southernmost main Japanese island. On 1 March 1946 would come Operation Coronet, the planned invasion of Honshu, the largest and most populous main Japanese island. Airfields on Kyushu captured in Operation Olympic would allow land-based air support for Operation Coronet. MacArthur had the troops. At the time, there were 1.4 million men in the Philippines; in December, there would be an additional million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0107-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nThe 11th Airborne Division had a part to play in both operations \u2013 in Olympic, a floating reserve; in Coronet, they would be the lead division of the XVIII Airborne Corps under Major General Matthew B. Ridgway to jump onto the Boso Peninsula forming the eastern side of Tokyo Bay and establish a beachhead for the amphibious landing of several armored divisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0108-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nBy 10 May, the 11th Airborne division had regrouped and established a base camp on the outskirts of Lipa. During May, replacements began to arrive. The 11th Airborne Division shifted to a new Table of Organization and Equipment (TO&E) that added a battalion to each of the 187th and 188th GIRs, made the 188th GIR and 674th GFAB parachute units, and added the 472nd GFAB to Division Artillery. The 187th GIR became a Para-Glider Infantry Regiment (PGIR). The division's strength increased from 8,600 to more than 12,000. With the new TO&E, all the men could now become parachute qualified. General Swing established his third jump school at the Lipa airstrip. In about two months, the jump school would turn out over 1,000 newly qualified paratroopers, including most of the 187th PGIR's glider riders. He also set up a glider school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 903]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0109-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nOn 29 May, the 187th PGIR took over the garrisoning of Manila and came under the direct command of the Sixth Army provost marshal. Among other tasks, the 187th rooted out surviving Japanese soldiers, directed traffic, and guarded port areas. In general, the 187th helped control a city whose police force had not yet been re-established. When the 187th returned to Lipa, it reorganized under its new TO&E. 1/187th and 2/187th provided officers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) for the new 3/187th. The plan moved a third of the veterans from each old battalion to the new battalion and filled out the ranks with replacements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0110-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nBy mid-June, the Japanese had been pushed back into the northwestern corner of Luzon. American forces were pushing northward up the Cagayan River Valley. At the northern end of Luzon was the port of Aparri. General Krueger decided to send an airborne task force to seal off that port. General Swing formed TF Gypsy, consisting of 1,030 men of the reinforced 1/511th, Battery C, 457th PFAB, a platoon from the 127th AEB, and two platoons from B/187th. For the first time in the history of the Pacific Theater, gliders were used in combat. Six CG\u20134As and one CG\u201313 were assembled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0110-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nThe 317th Troop Carrier Group (TCG) supplied fifty-four C\u201347s and fourteen C\u201346s for the paratroopers. TF Gypsy began loading out at 04:30 on 23 June. The first aircraft off the Lipa airstrip was a C\u201347; the rest of the aircraft followed with the towed gliders bringing up the rear. At 09:00, TF Gypsy dropped onto the DZ at Camalaniugan Airfield, a few miles south of Aparri on the western side of the Cagayan River. The paratroopers landed in the proper DZ but casualties were high: two men were killed by parachute malfunction and 70 were injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0110-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nHigh winds and rough terrain on the DZ contributed to the high casualty rate. Once the paratroopers were down, the gliders brought in the artillery and other heavy equipment. TF Gypsy headed south to meet the US 37th Infantry Division moving north. The two forces linked up on 23 June near the Pared River, 35 miles (56\u00a0km) south of the DZ. The airborne operation had proved both useless and unnecessary. For the Sixth Army, the meeting of the 11th Airborne and 37th Infantry Divisions marked the strategic end of the campaign in northern Luzon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0111-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), World War II, Luzon, Mop Up\nDuring June and July, the 11th Airborne Division was involved in training and reorganization. By the beginning of August, the usual rumors were making the rounds. It was said that the division was supposed to jump ahead of the forces making the amphibious landings in Japan. At other times, they were scheduled to land in China. In August, the war in the Pacific took a dramatic turn. On 6 August, Enola Gay, a B\u201329, dropped an atomic bomb over Hiroshima. On 9 August, Bockscar dropped a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. On 9 August, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan. On 10 August, the Japanese government communicated its intention to surrender.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0112-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nAt 04:30 on 11 August 1945, the 11th Airborne Division duty officer woke General Swing with a top-secret message alerting the division to prepare to move all combat elements and equipment by air on 48 hours' notice to a staging area in Okinawa for the eventual occupation of Japan. In short, the message meant that General MacArthur, recently appointed Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP), had selected the division to lead the Allies in occupying Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0112-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nBy 05:30, Major Edward M. Flanagan Jr., the division G-3 (Operations) for air operations, was on a flight to Far East Air Forces (FEAF) headquarters at Brisbane, Australia. Upon arrival, he was informed by the FEAF Operations officer that transport aircraft would begin arriving at Lipa, Luzon in 48 hours. A few minutes later, the situation changed dramatically when Major Flanagan was told to immediately fly back to Lipa because the transports were already in the air and would be arriving in the afternoon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0113-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nBack at Lipa, Colonel Pearson received a call from the division G-3, alerting the 187th PGIR to be ready to move out by air in 48 hours. Pearson immediately met with his battalion commanders, repeated the warning order, and sent them back to their bivouac areas to direct their company commanders to have their troops standing by in their company areas. Units were sorted as to which men and equipment would fly to Okinawa and which would follow by sea. Men and equipment were inspected to ensure that each man had the proper military and personal gear for the trip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0113-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nThe lead elements of the 11th Airborne Division departed Luzon on 11 August. At 23:00 on 12 August, Pearson was notified that, at 06:30 on 13 August, vehicles would arrive to transport the 187th to Nichols and Nielson Fields in Manila for air movement to Okinawa; once there, Pearson would set up a temporary encampment and await the final peace terms settlement and the details of the division's air movement to spearhead the occupation of Japan. Shortly before 11:00 on 13 August, aircraft from the 54th TCW took off from Nichols Field carrying the 187th's lead elements to Okinawa. They landed at 16:45 that afternoon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0114-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nOn 15 August, Emperor Hirohito of Japan took the unprecedented step of addressing the nation to inform his people that Japan had accepted the Allied surrender terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0115-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nThe bulk of the 11th Airborne Division had closed on Okinawa by 15 August. The 54th TCW rounded up C\u201346s, C\u201347s, and B\u201324s (with troops crammed into the bomb bays) to airlift the division to Naha, Kadena, and Yotan Airfields on Okinawa. The rest of the 187th PGIR departed for Okinawa as transport aircraft were made available, and was consolidated by 18 August. A rear echelon stayed at Lipa long enough to bring up the regiment's heavy equipment by ship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0115-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nFor the next two weeks, the division was stuck on Okinawa, waiting for the details of the final Japanese surrender negotiations. The division had expected to remain on Okinawa for a week at the most, and all heavy equipment, including the mess kitchens, were moving up by sea. Consequently, the men lived in pup tents and ate 10-in-1 rations, C-rations, or K-rations cooked on squad cookers. The GIs listened to lectures and orientations on the Japanese people, their customs, and their country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0115-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nThey were warned that no one knew how the Japanese would react to the occupation; for this reason, the division would arrive in Japan loaded out for combat. General Swing still thought that he might be given the mission of airdropping a major portion of his division onto Japan. That mission never materialized, even though paratroopers tried jumping from a B\u201324 because the C\u201346 could not make the round trip between Okinawa and Japan; the B\u201324 was most inappropriate for dropping paratroopers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0116-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nThe final leg of the trip to Atsugi Airdrome in Japan was run by Major General William O. Ryan, commanding general of the Air Transport Command's Pacific Division. By 28 August, General Ryan's command had crammed the departure airfields on Okinawa with C\u201354s from all over the world, enough so that C\u201354s, larger than the C\u201346s or C\u201347s, were the only transport aircraft that made the flight from Okinawa to Japan. The airlift plan called for both personnel and cargo aircraft to depart Okinawa at a rate of 15 planes per hour, 11 hours a day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0116-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nOn 28 August, an advance detail from General Ryan's headquarters and the 11th Airborne Division flew to Atsugi Airdrome to set up equipment for the main landings, including radio equipment to set up an air traffic control tower. A typhoon over Okinawa caused a 48-hour delay. At 01:00 on 30 August, the first C\u201354 in the division's lead echelon took off from Kadena Airfield. Aboard were General Swing and the principal division staff officers. On the second C\u201354 were General Pierson, the alternate division staff, and a detachment with communications equipment capable of reaching back to Okinawa. Five hours later, General Swing's aircraft touched down at Atsugi Airdrome, followed by a steady stream of C\u201354s. General Swing was the first man off his plane. The occupation of Japan was underway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 898]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0117-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nThe 11th Airborne Division had been directed to provide an honor guard for General MacArthur's arrival on Japanese soil. MacArthur refused to meet with the Japanese until the moment of final surrender. Each division infantry regiment was to furnish a platoon for the honor guard. Captain Glenn Carter, 1/187th's executive officer, was to be the honor guard commander. The honor guard was attached to Major Thomas Mesereau's 3/188th. Early in the airlift were 3/188th, the attached honor guard, and the division band to be on hand when Macarthur arrived. Colonel Pearson and an initial planeload of the 187th PGIR landed early in the flight pattern with the mission of remaining in the Atsugi Airdrome area and guarding the airfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0118-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nGeneral Eichelberger and part of his US Eighth Army staff landed at around noon. At 14:00, General Macarthur arrived in his personal C\u201354, aptly named \"Bataan.\" He paused at the top of the ramp dressed in his signature khakis, with his corncob pipe in his mouth, and his gold-braided uniform hat firmly in place. As he proceeded down the ramp, the 11th Airborne Division band played \"Ruffles and Flourishes\" followed by the \"General's March,\" the musical honors appropriate to a five-star Army general. General Eichelberger stepped forward to meet MacArthur, saluted, and they shook hands. MacArthur and his staff then climbed into vehicles to move from Atsugi Airdrome to the Hotel New Grand in Yokohama, the site of MacArthur's headquarters for the next few days, where the motorcade was greeted by Major Mesereau, his 3/188th battalion, and Captain Carter's 11th Airborne Division honor guard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 996]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0119-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nBy the end of the day, 123 C\u201354s had landed at Atsugi Airdrome, bringing in 4,200 troops of the 11th Airborne Division and other support units. The first serials brought in no large vehicles or heavy equipment because General Swing wanted the maximum number of men, lightly equipped, to land initially, given the unknown situation at and near the Atsugi Airdrome. What equipment came in was essential: two jeeps and one water trailer per regiment and a five-day supply of 10-in-1 rations. The 188th PIR landed first with 1,096 men; then came the 187th PGIR with 1,257 men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0119-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nThe 511th PIR landed next with 1,165 men. By evening, the regiments had fanned out to accomplish their assigned missions: The 511th moved to Yokohama and posted the Yokohama-Tokyo road for about 8 miles (13\u00a0km) beyond Yokohama; the 188th fanned out from Atsugi toward Fujisawa; the 187th remained at Atsugi Airdrome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0120-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nThe 187th PGIR quickly took over its sector of responsibility. The regimental CP was set up at the Japanese Naval School. Motorized and foot patrols were maintained throughout the area. All Japanese installations containing military arms and equipment were seized. The 187th was given the mission of caring for the Allied prisoners of war (POWs) who began to leave the Japanese POW camps as soon as the Americans began to land and were streaming into Atsugi Airdrome for transportation out of Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0121-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nThe morning of 2 September (3 September in Japan) 1945 was a singular moment in the annals of world history when the formal Japanese surrender occurred aboard the USS Missouri (BB-63), anchored in Tokyo Bay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0122-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Initial Operations\nOn 7 September, the 11th Airborne Division CP closed at Atsugi Airdrome. General Ryan's Air Transport Command had moved the division's 11,708 men, 640 tons of supplies, and more than 600 jeeps and trailers. At 1,600 miles (2,600\u00a0km), it was the longest and largest air\u2013transported troop movement ever attempted and completed. The division and the 187th PGIR were now ready to begin the final occupation of Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 99], "content_span": [100, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0123-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Occupation\nOn 14 September 1945, the Americal Division relieved the 11th Airborne Division of its responsibilities in the Tokyo-Yokohama area. The next day, the 11th Airborne Division began its move by highway and rail to assigned sectors in northern Honshu. For its move, the 187th PGIR moved from Atsugi Airdrome to Sendai, where the regiment was housed in a Japanese Army arsenal that would later be named Camp Schimmelpfennig, after the 11th Airborne Division's chief of staff who was killed in action near Manila.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 91], "content_span": [92, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0124-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Occupation\nGeneral Swing set up the Myagi Task Force, composed of the 187th PGIR and 188th PIR and commanded by General Pierson, the assistant division commander. In addition to carrying out General MacArthur's SCAP edicts, the principal mission was to collect and destroy all Japanese arms, ammunition, and armament factories. The 187th spent most of its time improving its accommodations and patrolling its assigned sector.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 91], "content_span": [92, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0125-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Occupation\nBy early fall, many of the 187th PGIR's combat troops had returned stateside for discharge, the dates based on the number of \"points\" accumulated in combat and overseas service. Replacements, officer and enlisted alike, were arriving by the hundreds to the units scattered over northern Honshu. Many were not parachute qualified. General Swing, for the fourth time, established another jump school at the former Yanome Airfield, about 15 miles (24\u00a0km) from Sendai. From March through June 1946, 3,376 men were graduated from the Yanome jump school, about 75 percent of those who started the two-week course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 91], "content_span": [92, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0125-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Occupation\nWith over 18,066 jumps during that period, the injury rate was less than one percent. By this time, the 187th was almost completely manned with paratroopers, in keeping with Swing's 1943 requirement that 11th Airborne Division soldiers be both parachute and glider qualified. During the summer of 1946, Swing started a glider school at Yamoto Airfield, renamed Carolus Field in honor of Corporal Charles H. Carolus, killed in a glider crash near Manila on 22 July 1945. In October 1945, the division initiated a flying school using the division's liaison pilots and the artillery spotter aircraft. By the end of the six-week course, the student had accumulated 15 hours of dual and 15 hours of solo flying time. By June 1946, 25 officers and 75 enlisted men had completed the course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 91], "content_span": [92, 875]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0126-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Occupation\nIn January 1946, Colonel Pearson was replaced by Colonel Wilson as the 187th PGIR's new commanding officer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 91], "content_span": [92, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0127-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Occupation\nIn the months after the Japanese surrender, the 11th Airborne Division moved its major elements several times. In February 1946, General Eichelberger, still the US Eighth Army's commanding general, assigned the area of northern Honshu and all of Hokkaido to the division. Division headquarters moved into a bank building in downtown Sapporo, a city never bombed during the war. The Sapporo Grand Hotel became the bachelor officer quarters and officers club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 91], "content_span": [92, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0127-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Occupation\nHeadquarters for the 187th PGIR and 2/187th were set up in an old Japanese military barracks outside Sapporo; 1/187th moved to the port city of Hakodate; 3/187th went to Asahikawa. In March 1946, 3/187th moved to Bihoro. In the spring of 1946, General Swing built a pentagonal headquarters building at Camp Crawford in the Makomanai area outside Sapporo and surrounded it with platoon-sized barracks for the men of the 187th who had been living in winterized pyramidal tents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 91], "content_span": [92, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0128-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Occupation\nOn 24 June 1946, military dependents of the men interested in staying in Japan for a year or more began to arrive in ships that docked in Yokohama. In Sapporo, the 11th Airborne Division headquarters and the 187th PGIR troops used, as temporary quarters, Japanese houses that were remodeled according to American standards and filled with furniture built by the Japanese under American guidance. Later, Japanese construction companies built homes on the various military posts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 91], "content_span": [92, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0129-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Occupation\nIn June 1947, Colonel Pearson assumed command of the 187th PGIR once again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 91], "content_span": [92, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0130-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Occupation\n\"Patrol jumps\" became routine for the 187th PGIR's paratroopers. Ten paratroopers would board a C\u201347 and drop onto little Japanese towns throughout Hokkaido. There was no such thing as a regular DZ. The paratroopers would fly around, looking for a field, then out the door they would go. Once on the ground, the NCO in charge would set up a mission, such as checking a bridge and generally making a show of strength. Very few Japanese had seen an American before and none of them had ever seen a paratrooper until he jumped in on top of them. The Japanese would dash out to the DZ and the children would help the GIs roll up their parachutes and carry their gear to a local inn. On some occasions, the whole population would come out to the edge of town to meet the paratroopers after they landed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 91], "content_span": [92, 889]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0131-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Occupation\nOn 2 February 1948, Major General William M. Miley assumed command of the 11th Airborne Division when General Swing left to take command of the US I Corps in Kyoto, Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 91], "content_span": [92, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0132-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Occupation\nIn June 1948, Colonel Pearson was reassigned to the Research and Development Board on Aeronautics, Office of the Secretary of Defense. Lieutenant Colonel Harvey J. Jablonsky, the 11th Airborne Division's chief of staff, was promoted to command of the 187th PGIR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 91], "content_span": [92, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0133-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Occupation of Japan, Occupation\nFor the 11th Airborne Division and the 187th PGIR, the days of occupation duty in Japan were coming to a close. In January 1949, the US 31st Infantry Regiment arrived at Sapporo to take over the 187th's occupation duties. On 19 January, the first echelon of the 187th left Sapporo for Camp Campbell, Kentucky, the new home of the division. The main body of the 187th set sail aboard the USS General M. L. Hersey (AP-148) on 19 February and docked in New Orleans on 17 March. The 187th moved by rail to Camp Campbell and the regimental headquarters opened at 08:00 on 24 March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 91], "content_span": [92, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0134-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Camp Campbell\nIn March 1949, several changes faced the 187th PGIR when it arrived and settled into life at Camp Campbell. The Pentagon had wisely decided after some disastrous glider operations in World War II that the flimsy crash-prone gliders were no longer feasible for transporting men and equipment onto battlefields. The US Air Force (USAF), the newest element of the US Armed Forces created with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947, had transport aircraft that could parachute heavier loads into combat than had formerly been landed in gliders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0135-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Camp Campbell\nOn 25 June 1949, the 187th PGIR was reorganized and officially redesignated as the 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment (AIR). The reorganization assigned new support units to the 187th AIR, along with some that had formerly been attached. Able Company, 127th Airborne Engineer Battalion (A/127th AEB), the engineer battalion organic to the 11th Airborne Division, became the 187th AIR Engineer Company; the division's antitank company became the 187th AIR Support Company; the 11the Airborne Medical Detachment became the 187th AIR Medical Company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0136-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Camp Campbell\nOne of the highlights of the 11th Airborne Division's tour at Camp Campbell was Exercise SWARMER. During the fall of 1949, the division intensified its airborne training in preparation for the exercise, which was designed by USAF Lieutenant General Lauris Norstad to determine the feasibility of the Air Force and Army to establish and operate an airhead, a base secured in enemy-held territory where personnel and supplies could be received and evacuated completely by air, including all resupply by airlanded transport aircraft, under simulated combat conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0136-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Camp Campbell\nDuring its occupation period in Japan and because of the wide dispersion of its assets over Honshu and Hokkaido, the division never had the opportunity to conduct a full-scale, division-sized airborne operation. SWARMER would provide the opportunity. The exercise planning staff set up a special headquarters at Camp Mackall, North Carolina, the division's birthplace. There, Air Force and Army planners worked out the details of the largest peacetime airborne operation ever attempted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0137-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Camp Campbell\nIn April 1950, Camp Campbell became a permanent military installation and was redesignated Fort Campbell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0138-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Camp Campbell\nIn early April 1950, to start the exercise, an aggressor force landed on the North Carolina coast. A second aggressor force, operating out of Florida, attacked northward. It was ironic that the 11th Airborne Division would fight over the same terrain where it had fought the 1943 Knollwood Maneuver, the airborne operation that proved that airborne divisions were practical and feasible. On 18 April, the 187th AIR left Fort Campbell for Donaldson Air Force Base in Greenville, South Carolina, to stage for the large-scale airborne operation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0138-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Camp Campbell\nOn the morning of 28 April, D\u2013day, the 187th dropped onto the DZ adjacent to Mackall Army Airfield, the same drop and landing zone used for parachute and glider training in 1943. That afternoon, after the airfield had been secured to allow transport aircraft to land, the 511th PIR was airlifted in from Cambell Air Force Base, the military airport at Fort Campbell. The 82nd Airborne Division from Fort Bragg, North Carolina airdropped two airborne infantry regiments and airlanded a third airborne infantry regiment during SWARMER. In all, 60,000 paratroopers were involved in the operation. Overhead, fighters from the USAF Tactical Air Command provided air cover, and USAF transports, landing at a rate of one every three minutes, brought supplies onto the airfields captured by the paratroopers. The \"battle\" lasted 10 days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 903]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0139-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Camp Campbell\nColonel Jablonsky, determined to make the 187th AIR the best regiment in the division, had instituted a tough airborne physical-training program. Jablonsky's demand for perfection in physical and tactical training paid off. The Exercise SWARMER umpires awarded the 187th the highest Operational Readiness Test score of any of the five airborne infantry regiments in the exercise. The 187th's high scores and combat readiness were instrumental in the regiment's being selected for battle in Korea two months later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0140-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013World War II, Camp Campbell\nOn 5 June, Colonel Jablonsky was temporarily succeeded by Lieutenant Colonel Wilson, the man who commanded the 187th AIR between Colonel Pearson's command tours in Japan. Wilson was replaced on 21 June when Colonel Frank S. Bowen, who had been a brigadier general during World War II, took command of the 187th. Colonel Bowen could not know that he was about to lead the 187th into one of the most famous and notable chapters in its history. In a very short time, the training at Fort Campbell would be over. The officers and men of the 187th would say goodbye again to families and friends as they went to war once more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0141-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nOn 4 July, a team of USAF officers dispatched by General Hoyt S. Vandenberg, the US Air Force Chief of Staff, arrived in Japan to discuss the differences between Lieutenant General George E. Stratemeyer's requests for additional units to bring his FEAF command up to war strength and existing USAF capabilities. One of General Stratemeyer\u2019s requests was for an additional troop carrier wing. Discussions of air transport requirements led to a resolution whereby FEAF would be augmented with a temporary-duty stateside troop carrier group if US Army airborne units were deployed to the Far East.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0141-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nLater that month, General MacArthur requested the 187th AIR as an essential element of the amphibious operation that he was preparing for Inchon. Operating from Japan, the paratroopers would be airdropped shortly after D-day to seize a \"key communication center\" ahead of the advancing US forces, thus facilitating the breakout from the Inchon beachhead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0141-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nWith JCS approval, the 314th Troop Carrier Group (TCG) at Sewart Air Force Base (AFB), Tennessee, consisting of the 50th Troop Carrier Squadron (TCS), 61st TCS, and 62nd TCS, flying the C\u2013119, the newest USAF troop carrier aircraft, that had trained with the Rakkasans during Exercise SWARMER, received a warning order on 13 July to prepare for a stint of temporary duty in Japan. The 314th TCG was almost doubled in size, with additional aircraft added from the 37th TCS and part of the 36th TCS of the 316th TCG, and personnel from the 314th TCW and 314th Maintenance and Supply Group, also at Sewart AFB.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0142-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nThe difficulty lay in meeting General MacArthur\u2019s specified deadline of 10 September. The Army could not ship the 187th AIR until October and the 314th TCW, which had just received its warning order on 13 July to prepare for the deployment of its four squadrons, could only manage to send a token force of C\u2013119s to Japan. On 26 July, four C\u2013119s from Sewart AFB departed for Japan, ahead of the 314th TCG\u2019s deployment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0142-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nThe C\u2013119s made intermediate stops at McClellan AFB, California, Hickam AFB, Hawaii, Johnston Island, Kwajalein Island, and Andersen AFB, Guam, arriving at Tachikawa Air Base, Japan on 2 August. As FEAF continued planning the airborne phase of the Inchon operation, both the Army paratroopers and the USAF troop carrier units were still in the United States; the 187th AIR was still being organized at Fort Campbell, and except for the four C\u2013119s that had arrived on 2 August, the 314th TCG was still at Sewart AFB.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0142-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nThe 314th TCG would be available to FEAF any time after 15 August with 64 C\u2013119s, a number sufficient to airlift 2,700 paratroopers. The Army notified the Air Force that the 187th would require a simultaneous airlift for 3,500 paratroopers and their heavy equipment. This would require 140 C\u2013119s or their equivalents. The Air Force had augmented the strength of the 314th TCG to 96 C\u2013119s with the addition of the 316th TCG's C\u2013119s and stated that FEAF would have to meet the remainder of the requirement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0142-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nEarlier in July, the 374th TCG\u2019s 21st TCS at Tachikawa Air Base had converted from C\u201354s to C\u201347s, and these planes could be used by the paratroopers. To get the remainder of the needed airlift, Fifth Air Force drew personnel from the 374th TCW, including pilots from desk jobs and C\u201346s from all over the FEAF theater of operations, and organized the 47th TCS (Provisional) and 48th TCS (Provisional) at Tachikawa Air Base on 26 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0142-0004", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nFifth Air Force was notified that the 187th liaison officers were \"most unhappy over plans to use C\u201346 aircraft and...do not want to use C\u201347 aircraft.\" When MacArthur was briefed that the 187th would not reach Japan before 21 September, he announced that he would proceed with the amphibious invasion anyway, but asked that the 187th proceed to the theater as soon as possible and be prepared for either an airlanding or parachute assault in Korea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0143-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nOn 1 August, Colonel Bowen assembled his troops in Theater No. 3 at Fort Campbell and announced that the 187th AIR was alerted for overseas movement. On 27 August, the regiment officially became the 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team (187th ARCT)  when supporting units were added for the deployment to Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0144-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nThe following units were assigned to the 187th ARCT by General Order 34 (Confidential) from Headquarters, 11th Airborne Division:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0145-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nThe following units were added on 23 August by General Order 41 from Headquarters, 11th Airborne Division, dated 22 August 1950:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0146-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nThe following units were attached on 26 August by General Order 42 from Headquarters, 11th Airborne Division, dated 25 August 1950:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0147-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nOn 28 August, IX Corps OPORD Number 1 attached the 2348th Quartermaster Air Packaging and Resupply Company to Colonel Bowen's command.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0148-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nFrom the date of its organization as a regimental combat team until it departed for Camp Stoneman, California on 1 September, the 187th AIR received personnel from the 511th PIR, the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, and the Airborne Training Battalion, Infantry School, Fort Benning, Georgia, to bring it up to full strength for overseas deployment. On 31 August, the day before leaving Fort Campbell, the 187th ARCT's aggregate strength was 222 officers, 11 warrant officers, and 4,177 enlisted men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0149-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nThe 50th TCS, 61st TCS, and 62nd TCS departed from Sewart AFB on 27 August and arrived at Ashiya Air Base on 4 September. The 314th TCG was re-formed when the 37th TCS departed from Sewart AFB on 4 September and arrived at Ashiya on 11 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0150-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nThe 187th ARCT departed from Fort Campbell aboard 14 trains. The first train, carrying Colonel Bowen and his advance party, departed at midnight on 1 September, headed for Fort Lawton, Washington. Upon arrival, they boarded transport aircraft and flew to Japan. The remaining 13 trains transported the main body of troops to Camp Stoneman, where they boarded the USS General Stuart Heintzelman (AP-159) and the USS General A. E. Anderson (AP-111) for the voyage to Sasebo, Japan, departing on 6\u20137 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0150-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nWhen the advance party arrived in Tokyo, Bowen and his staff reported to Far East Command (FEC) General Headquarters (GHQ) where they learned that the 187th ARCT was scheduled for immediate deployment to Korea to guard X Corps\u2019 northern flank as soon as the remainder of the 187th ARCT arrived. The remainder of the advance party flew on to Ashiya Air Base and then moved by ground transport to Camp Hakata, set up a temporary CP, and arranged for quarters for the 187th ARCT at Camp Wood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0150-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Movement to Japan\nCamp Wood was 60 miles (97\u00a0km) from Camp Hakata, so Bowen requested that the ships carrying the main body dock at Moji, a short distance from Ashiya Air Base, instead of Sasebo. Ashiya Air Base was the home of the 314th TCG's C\u2013119 troop carriers and the departure base for the 187th ARCT's move to Korea. The 187th ARCT reconstituted in Japan on 20 September. The main body had moved by truck from Moji to Ashiya Air Base and then almost immediately by air to Korea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0151-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Deployment to Korea\nLieutenant Colonel Delbert E. Munson's 3/187th was the first to arrive in Korea, arriving at Kimpo Airfield on 22 September, a week after General MacArthur's amphibious landing at Inchon. Lieutenant Colonel Munson took command of Kimpo Airfield from the Marines. Lieutenant Colonel Arthur H. Wilson's 1/187th landed next, followed by Lieutenant Colonel William J. Boyle's 2/187th. By 26 September, the entire 187th ARCT was at Kimpo Airfield (less a small detachment at Ashiya Air Base and the Parachute Maintenance Company and regimental personnel section at Camp Kashii).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0152-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Deployment to Korea\nOn 24, 26, and 30 September, C\u2013119s and C\u201354s made 440 trips moving the 187th ARCT from Japan to Korea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0153-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Deployment to Korea\nAfter the 187th ARCT had landed in Korea, it was given the mission of clearing the Kimpo Peninsula between the Han River and the Yellow Sea. By 2 October, the 187th ARCT was reassembled at Kimpo Airfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0154-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon\nFrom the time it had arrived in Korea, FEC GHQ had held the 187th ARCT in theater reserve at Kimpo Airfield, under its direct control, waiting to use the 187th ARCT in an airborne operation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0154-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon\nOn 16 October, while Lieutenant General Walton H. Walker's Eighth US Army in Korea (EUSAK) and the Republic of Korea Army (ROKA) were advancing on Pyongyang, General MacArthur issued orders for an airborne operation north of Pyongyang to seize critical road junctions and block the main escape routes in an attempt to cut off the North Korean People's Army (NKPA) before it reached the Yalu River and sanctuary and to capture important Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea (DPRK) government officials and senior NKPA officers evacuating Pyongyang ahead of the EUSAK-ROKA spearheads.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0154-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon\nPlanners also hoped that a trainload of US POWs, who it was assumed would be moved northward when the fall of Pyongyang seemed imminent, might be intercepted. On 17 October, Colonel Bowen called a staff meeting and announced that the 187th ARCT had been alerted for an airborne operation north of Pyongyang on 21 October. Two objectives were possible, Anju on the south bank of the Chongchon River and Sukchon-Sunchon. On 18 October, Bowen was told to report to X Corps headquarters at Inchon with maps and plans to brief the FEC Operations general staff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0154-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon\nBowen returned with the news that due to the rapid EUSAK advance, already on the outskirts of Pyongyang, the objective was Anju, with the mission of intercepting DPRK government officials fleeing Pyongyang. D-day was set for 20 October, one day earlier than had been anticipated. On 19 October, when it became apparent that EUSAK was making slower progress than anticipated on the previous day, the 187th ARCT's mission objective was changed to Sukchon-Sunchon. Briefings were held for the USAF troop carrier pilots and US Army jumpmasters. Separate briefings were held for DZ EASY (Sunchon) and DZ WILLIAM (Sukchon).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0154-0004", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon\nIt was announced that in the event of bad weather, the jump would be delayed by three-hour increments. If the jump was postponed for two successive periods and the weather was still bad, the operation would be canceled for the day. Bowen announced that P-hour (Parachute-hour) over the DZs was set for 11:00.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0155-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon\nThe 187th ARCT\u2019s DZs at Sukchon and Sunchon were up the arms of a \"V\" formed by the main highway and railway routes that converged at Pyongyang. Sukchon and Sunchon commanded the approaches to the Chongchon River, 30 miles (48\u00a0km) to the north. The main highway from Pyongyang to the Yalu River and the Manchurian border at Sinuiju formed the lefthand side of the \"V.\" Sukchon was located on this highway in a wide valley surrounded by low hills. The righthand road passed through rougher terrain to Sunchon on the west bank of the Taedong River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0156-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon\nThe plan called for Colonel Bowen, his command group, and the Rakkasans' 1/187th and 3/187th to be dropped onto DZ WILLIAM, southeast of Sukchon, about 25 miles (40\u00a0km) north of Pyongyang. 1/187th was to clear Sukchon and secure the high ground to the north. 3/187th was to block the highway and rail line south of Sukchon, cutting off the MSR and LOC that led north from Pyongyang. 2/187th would come down on DZ EASY, near Sunchon, about 30 miles (48\u00a0km) northeast of Pyongyang and 17 miles (27\u00a0km) east of Sukchon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0156-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon\nIts mission was to clear Sunchon, block another highway and rail line, and capture the POW train. The paratroopers would hold their positions until relieved by EUSAK's push northward from Pyongyang. A linkup of EUSAK with the 187th ARCT was expected within two days. The 27th British Commonwealth Brigade, leading the US 24th Infantry Division northward from Pyongyang, would link up with 1/187th and 3/187th at Sukchon; the US 70th Tank Battalion would advance from Pyongyang to link up with 2/187th at Sunchon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0157-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon\nTo support the airlift requirements, FEC GHQ tasked Major General William H. Tunner's FEAF Combat Cargo Command with airlifting the 187th ARCT from Kimpo Airfield to the DZs and conducting aerial resupply as required. All equipment necessary for the immediate accomplishment of the mission was to be airdropped with the assault and follow-up echelons. All critical equipment not airdropped into the airhead but essential for sustained operations would be transported forward in the land echelon, which was attached to EUSAK until the linkup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0157-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon\nOn 18 October, General Tunner had canceled all commitments of the 314th TCG and 21st TCS from their routine shuttle and airlift missions to stage at Kimpo Airfield and prepare for the airborne assault. A total of 80 C\u2013119s (57 for paratrooper airdrop; 23 for heavy equipment airdrop) of the 314th TCG and 40 C\u201347s (for paratrooper airdrop) of the 21st TCS were planned for D\u2013day; 57 C\u2013119s (21 paratrooper, 36 heavy equipment) for D plus 1, and 15 C\u2013119s (heavy equipment) on D plus 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0157-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon\nThe \"Dollar Nineteen\" could carry 46 paratroopers in two sticks of 23 each, 20 overhead monorail cargo drop bundles weighing 500 pounds each that could be salvoed in 7\u20138 seconds, and four door drop bundles, two for each jump door; the smaller C\u201347 could carry one stick of 18 paratroopers and two drop bundles. The paratroopers would jump from an altitude of 700 feet (210\u00a0m); heavy equipment would be dropped from 1,500 feet (460\u00a0m). The aircraft arrived at Kimpo Airfield from Ashiya Air Base (C\u2013119s) and Brady Air Base (C\u201347s) in Japan with 20 hours remaining for marshaling and loading.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0158-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nScheduled to depart from Kimpo Airfield at 06:00 on 20 October, \"Reveille\" was held at 02:00 in heavy rain. The paratroopers turned out in the post-midnight darkness, ate breakfast, and were shuttled to the airfield. At 04:00, word was received that the jump would be postponed for three hours. At 07:00, the drop was delayed another three hours. The weather cleared at 11:00.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0158-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nFinally, 73 C\u2013119s (seven had been scratched from the operation) and 40 C\u201347s, with Colonel Bowen\u2019s aircraft in the lead, took off at noon, gained altitude, and formed into groups of tight three-plane Vs, with three groups together forming a V-of-Vs formation. When all the aircraft had assembled over the Han River estuary, they turned northward along the west coast of Korea in waves of 15 and 30 aircraft spaced about 15 minutes apart. General Tunner, piloting a C\u201354 and serving as the airborne commander, would personally supervise the drop, which would occur under the watchful eyes of Generals MacArthur and Stratemeyer, flying in Bataan, MacArthur\u2019s new VC\u2013121A that he had received in September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 826]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0159-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nAs its contribution to the operation, the Fifth Air Force scheduled softening-up attacks in the DZs, fighter escort for the troop carriers, and forward air control procedures for handling close air support, once the paratroopers were on the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0160-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nAt 13:55, the airborne armada turned east on the base leg approach to DZ WILLIAM. At 13:57, eight minutes out, the side jump doors of the lead formation of seventeen C\u2013119s were opened. Four minutes out, a red lamp by each jump door illuminated and the command \"Stand up and hook up!\" was given by the jumpmasters at the front of each stick. The paratroopers stood and hooked their main parachute static lines that would deploy their parachutes to an overhead anchor cable. \"Check static lines!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0160-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nEach paratrooper double-checked his static line and made sure it was properly clipped onto the anchor cable. \"Check equipment!\" Every paratrooper, besides his main parachute and a reserve, carried a pack, a water canteen, rations, ammunition, a .45 caliber M1911 pistol, and a .30 caliber  M1 rifle or M1 carbine. They checked their own equipment to make sure it was properly secured, and that the equipment for the man in front of him was also secure. There was a pause until the one-minute warning was given. \"Stand in the door!\" With 10 seconds to go, door bundles were pushed out into the slipstream and held in place as the first paratrooper in each stick took his position at the jump door.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 818]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0161-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nThe show began just after 14:00 when the green lamp turned on, the jumpmasters gave the command to \"GO!\" and  the parachutes from the lead C\u2013119 carrying Colonel Bowen, pathfinders, unit guides, riflemen, and part of the 187th ARCT command group blossomed over the rice paddies of DZ WILLIAM. The airdrop put Lieutenant Colonel Wilson's 1/187th, the Regimental Headquarters and Headquarters Company, the 1st Platoon, Able Company, 127th AEB, Medical, Service, and Support Companies, a Pathfinder Team, and a Forward Air Control Party on the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0161-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nThe maneuver apparently caught the NKPA by surprise as attested to by the lack of antiaircraft or ground fire. Upon landing, individual paratroopers quickly formed up into squads and platoons, then headed for the high ground overlooking and controlling the DZ. Seventy-four tons of equipment were airdropped with the 1,470 paratroopers from the first two serials that delivered designated packages of men and equipment to the DZ.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0162-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nAfter assembling, A/187th and B/187th moved northwest to take Hill 104 to the north of Sukchon. C/187th captured Hill 97 east of Sukchon. Meanwhile, Colonel Bowen established his CP at the base of Hill 97, along the dikes of the Choeryong River; the 187th ARCT CP was dug-in by 16:00.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0163-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nAfter the paratrooper drop came that of the heavy equipment organic to an airborne infantry regiment, including jeeps, 3/4-ton weapons carriers, 90mm towed antitank guns, and 105mm artillery howitzers. At 14:15,  the fourth C\u2013119 serial dropped seven 105mm artillery howitzers, seven jeeps, and 1,125 rounds of ammunition for Batteries A and C of Lieutenant Colonel Harry F. Lambert's 674th AFAB. Of these, six guns and six jeeps were in usable condition. The ammunition delivered by the heavy drop was on pallets of 24 rounds per pallet. By 15:00, Battery C had two guns in position on the DZ, ready to fire. At 15:40, Battery A had four guns in position and had completed target registrations. Six missions were fired on D-day by these two batteries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 874]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0164-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nLieutenant Colonel Munson's 3/187th dropped on to DZ WILLIAM in serials 6 and 7. Upon landing, 3/187th headed 2 miles (3.2\u00a0km) south of Sukchon where they took up defensive positions on the low hills and established roadblocks across the highway and rail line. By 17:00, 3/187th had secured its objectives and was prepared to resume the attack south along the highway and rail line toward Pyongyang. The battalion was disposed 3,000 yards (2,700\u00a0m) south of Sukchon. I/187th was on the left half of the defensive position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0164-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nK/187th was on the right half and had established a roadblock on the Sukchon-Pyongyang highway. L/187th was in battalion reserve with the 3/187th CP. During their initial action, five KPA were killed and 42 captured. 3rd Platoon, Able Company, 127th AEB, attached to 3/187th, was further attached to K/187th and placed on the railroad tracks south of Sukchon where it ambushed 80 NKPA, killing six.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0165-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nCasualties at DZ WILLIAM included 35 men injured in the jump. One group landed 1.5 miles (2.4\u00a0km) east of the DZ and lost a man killed in his parachute after being attacked by NKPA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0166-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nIn the second airdrop at 14:20, Lieutenant Colonel Boyle's 2/187th jumped into DZ EASY, 2 miles (3.2\u00a0km) southwest of Sunchon, suffering 20 men injured in the jump. Battery B, 674th AFAB, the 2nd Platoon, Able Company, 127th AEB, a Support Company 4.2-inch mortar  platoon, a 90mm antitank gun section, a Pathfinder Team, and a Forward Air Control Party were also dropped in support. Battery B had two 105mm artillery howitzers and two jeeps dropped from the heavy drop serial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0166-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nOne gun became detached from its parachutes and was a complete loss; the other had its right shield sheared off but was otherwise operable. The operative gun was in position and ready to fire in 50 minutes from the time it was dropped. Six hundred rounds of 105mm ammunition were recovered from the DZ in useable condition and the battery fired two missions the first day. D/187th and E/187th established roadblocks to the south and west of Sunchon, while F/187th was ordered to advance to the town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0166-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nMeanwhile, the combat engineers were unable to prepare a bridge across the Kumchon River for demolition because it was under hostile fire. The engineers were then ordered to accompany F/187th to the outskirts of Sunchon and reconnoiter a railroad bridge. On the way into Sunchon, the engineers received friendly fire from elements of the ROK 6th Infantry Division that had reached Sunchon from the southeast in its push toward the Chongchon River. Once contact was established, the firing ceased.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0167-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nExcept for intermittent shelling observed to the far south, east, and west of Hill 97, the night of 20 October found the187th ARCT on the strategic offensive and the tactical defensive. Colonel Bowen was restored to his World War II rank of brigadier general on this date but did not learn of his promotion until the next day. General Bowen retained command of the 187th ARCT and Colonel George H. Gerhart, the 187th AIR executive officer, was promoted to regimental command.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0168-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nThis was the first time that C\u2013119s were used in a combat parachute operation and the first airdrop of personnel during the war. It was also the first time that heavy equipment, such as the 105mm artillery howitzer and 3/4-ton weapons carrier had ever been airdropped in combat. In all, 2,860 paratroopers jumped into the Sukchon-Suchon area with only a single fatality. Many of the paratroopers landed on or near a high-tension power line that had not been spotted in aerial reconnaissance photographs. Additionally, 300 tons of cargo were parachuted to earth. Most of the heavy equipment survived the airdrop. Statistics on equipment serviceability after the drop were good. The aircraft encountered only light ground fire during the operation; one C\u2013119 suffered minor damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 901]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0169-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nAfter General MacArthur observed the airborne assault, he flew to the recently captured Pyongyang airfield to hold a press conference. There he commented to several war correspondents that the airborne operation was a brilliant tactical maneuver that seemed to have been a complete surprise to the North Koreans. Estimating that 30,000 NKPA, perhaps half of those remaining in North Korea, had been caught between the 187th ARCT to the north and the US 1st Cavalry and ROK 1st Infantry Divisions at Pyongyang to the south, he predicted that they would soon be destroyed or captured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0169-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nHe termed the airdrop an \"expert performance\" and said, \"This closes the trap on the enemy.\" MacArthur's optimism would not be supported by events. Anxious not to expose the lightly-armed and lightly-equipped paratroopers by projecting them too far forward of the EUSAK advance, FEC GHQ had kept them back too long. The operation came too late to intercept any significant NKPA elements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0169-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nMost of the NKPA remnants had already succeeded in withdrawing north, and had crossed the Chongchon River, or were in the process of doing so, while Premier Kim Il-sung's government and most important officials had moved to Kanggye in the mountains 20 miles (32\u00a0km) southeast of Manpojin on the Yalu River. Through no fault of their own, the paratroopers were less successful on one other score, that of rescuing POWs who were being moved northward from Pyongyang; most of the American POWs had been moved to more remote parts of North Korea and were unable to be rescued.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0170-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Airborne assault, 20 October 1950\nOnly the NKPA 239th Regiment remained, having been ordered to delay the UNC forces as they attempted to follow. With a strength of 2,500 men, the regiment occupied positions on the high ground astride the road and rail lines east of Yongyu, about 7 miles (11\u00a0km) south of the Sukchon DZ.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 121], "content_span": [122, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0171-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Ground operations, 21 October 1950\nAt 07:00 on 21 October, 1/187th and 3/187th assumed the tactical offensive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 122], "content_span": [123, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0172-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Ground operations, 21 October 1950\n1/187th continued its mission to seize the high ground north of Sukchon. A/187th and B/187th captured the line of hills immediately north of Sukchon, encountering only light resistance. The advance was stopped by a strong NKPA rearguard holding the next line of hills northward. At 12:30, an airstrike was conducted on the NKPA-held ridgeline. A/187th and B/187th were then directed to hold their positions and dig in. More than 75 NKPA, armed with small arms and light machine guns were dug in on the ridgeline. To the rear of the ridgeline, NKPA mortar fire harassed the 1/187th front line positions. Further, a high-velocity self-propelled gun supported the NKPA. During this time, C/187th remained in regimental reserve; one of its platoons was sent out to establish contact with 2/187th at Sunchon. The platoon followed the road east to Sunchon; contact was established at 18:30 on DZ EASY.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 122], "content_span": [123, 1018]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0173-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Ground operations, 21 October 1950\nAt 10:00, 24 C\u2013119s dropped 1,093 additional paratroopers and 106.8 tons of supplies on the Sukchon DZ. Also at 10:00, 40 C\u2013119s carried 220 tons of vehicles, rations, ammunition, water, and lubricants, as well as 774 paratroopers, to the DZ. Battery A, 88th AAAB, was among the reinforcements. They assembled on the DZ and set up a perimeter for the night. Between 20:00 and midnight, 43 NKPA were killed by the battery at a roadblock on the railroad bridge south of Sukchon, using ground-mounted .50 caliber machine guns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 122], "content_span": [123, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0174-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Massacre at Myongucham\nOn the same day as the airborne operation, a task force composed of the 1st Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment, US 1st Cavalry Division, reinforced with a company of tanks from the US 70th Tank Battalion, started from Pyongyang under orders to link up with 2/187th at Sunchon. The task force arrived at Sunchon at 09:00 on 21 October, having picked up five American POWs on the way who had recently escaped from their North Korean captors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 110], "content_span": [111, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0174-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Massacre at Myongucham\nMajor General Hobart R. Gay, the 1st Cavalry Division commanding general, and his assistant division commander, Brigadier General Frank A. Allen Jr., had observed the task force successfully establish contact with 2/187th from overhead in a liaison aircraft. Upon returning to Pyongyang, General Allen climbed into his jeep and, accompanied by his aide, his driver, and two war correspondents, started back for Sunchon, arriving there about noon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 110], "content_span": [111, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0174-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Massacre at Myongucham\nAllen was in 2/187th's CP only a short time when a North Korean civilian was brought in to relate an account of North Koreans murdering 200 Americans the previous night in a railroad tunnel northwest of the town. Allen determined to run down the veracity of this story at once. His group set out with the North Korean civilian in tow and, on the way, stopped at the ROK 6th Infantry Division's CP in Sunchon and picked up a ROKA officer, an interpreter, and a driver in a second jeep.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 110], "content_span": [111, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0175-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Massacre at Myongucham\nThe party drove to a railroad tunnel just beyond the village of Myongucham, five miles northwest of Sunchon, arriving there at 15:00. The railroad track ran along a hillside cut and entered the tunnel some distance above the level of the dirt road that the jeeps had followed. While the rest waited in the jeeps on the road, the ROKA officer climbed the hillside and entered the tunnel. He returned shortly and said that he had found seven dead Americans inside.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 110], "content_span": [111, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0175-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Massacre at Myongucham\nAllen and the others then climbed up to the tunnel where they found the emaciated bodies on straw mats beside the railroad track. These men had either starved to death or died from disease; some had old battle wounds. Meanwhile, the ROKA officer had walked on through the tunnel. He reappeared at the end and called out that he could see more American bodies. Everyone hurried outside and started down the railroad track. A little distance beyond the tunnel, a thin, wounded American soldier staggered from the brush.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 110], "content_span": [111, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0175-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Massacre at Myongucham\nHe was 19-year-old PFC Valdor W. John who had been held as a POW since he was captured on 20 July after the fall of Taejon in South Korea. General Allen placed his coat around the shivering boy who broke into tears and protested that he was too dirty to wear it. He then stammered out, \"They're over there,\" and pointed into the brush. Seventeen slain Americans, all shot, lay in a gulley. Don Whitehead, an  Associated Press war correspondent, accidentally stumbled upon a semicircle of 15 more dead Americans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 110], "content_span": [111, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0175-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Massacre at Myongucham\nThey had been shot as they sat on the ground with rice bowls in hand. Whitehead turned back to report his discovery to Allen; on his way back, three more American survivors came out from among some bushes. Allen found six more Americans who had escaped. These survivors told the story of what had happened. Two trains, each carrying about 150 American POWs, had left Pyongyang on the night of 17 October, making frequent stops to repair the railroad track and crawling north at a snail's pace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 110], "content_span": [111, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0175-0004", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Massacre at Myongucham\nEach day, five or six Americans died of dysentery, starvation, or exposure, and their bodies were removed from the train. A few prisoners escaped as the train traveled north. On the afternoon of 20 October, while the 187th ARCT's parachute jump was in progress, the second of the two trains stayed in the railroad tunnel to escape the Fifth Air Force air activity in the vicinity. The group of prisoners on this train, crowded into open coal gondolas and boxcars, was the remnant of 370 whom the NKPA had marched north from Seoul more than a month earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 110], "content_span": [111, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0175-0005", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Massacre at Myongucham\nThat evening, the prisoners had been taken from the train in three groups to receive their evening meal. PFC John detailed being taken to a field with a small group of prisoners. He portrayed the group as being shot and bayoneted, but he successfully feigned  death, listening to other groups of prisoners being executed, and crawling into the woods with another survivor. The train and the North Korean guards left that night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 110], "content_span": [111, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0176-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Massacre at Myongucham\nFrom this story, it appeared that there was another group of murdered prisoners yet to be found. A search revealed a fresh gravesite, and upon removal of a thin covering of earth, 34 more bodies were discovered. Altogether, there were 66 dead Americans (exclusive of the seven found in the tunnel) and 23 survivors, some of the latter critically wounded. Two of these died overnight, leaving 21 who survived. Later, a ROKA detachment convoyed the rescued survivors and the bodies of the dead Americans to Pyongyang. The next day, these casualties were flown to Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 110], "content_span": [111, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0177-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Massacre at Myongucham\nIronically, if the weather had not delayed the 187th ARCT's jump, all might have been saved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 110], "content_span": [111, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0178-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, NKPA 239th Regiment encirclement, 21 October 1950\nThe most important action growing out of the 187th ARCT airdrop occurred in the 3/187th sector, about 8 miles (13\u00a0km) south of Sukchon in the vicinity of Op'a-ri and Yongyu. At 02:30, the K/187th roadblock on the Sukchon-Pyongyang highway was attacked by an estimated company-sized NKPA 239th Regiment force that attempted to break through and open up an escape route to the north. The attack was repulsed with the NKPA sustaining five killed and 17 captured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 137], "content_span": [138, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0178-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, NKPA 239th Regiment encirclement, 21 October 1950\nAt 09:00, Lieutenant Colonel Munson started two combat teams from the roadblock position in a reconnaissance-in-force to clear the Sukchon-Yongyu road towards Pyongyang and establish contact with the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade that was leading the 24th Infantry Division northward from Pyongyang. I/187th was assigned the mission of clearing the rail line and K/187th was given the mission of clearing the highway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 137], "content_span": [138, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0179-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, NKPA 239th Regiment encirclement, 21 October 1950\nFollowing the railroad track without opposition, I/187th reached Op'a-ri at 13:00, where it was ambushed by an NKPA 239th Regiment force of estimated battalion strength, equipped with heavy mortars and automatic antiaircraft guns. After a two-and-a-half-hour firefight, I/187th, with two rifle platoons overrun by the NKPA and 90 men MIA, was forced to withdraw west of the rail line to Hill 281. Failing to exploit their advantage, the NKPA 239th Regiment withdrew to its defensive positions on the high ground around Op'a-ri. PFC Richard G. Wilson, 187th Medical Company, was attached to I/187th as a Medical Aidman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 137], "content_span": [138, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0179-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, NKPA 239th Regiment encirclement, 21 October 1950\nDuring the shootout, Wilson moved among the wounded men and administered aid to them, oblivious to the danger to himself, and constantly exposing himself to hostile fire. As the company withdrew, Wilson assisted the wounded men to safety and made sure that none were left behind. After the company had pulled back, Wilson learned that one of the men, previously presumed to be dead, had been seen moving and attempting to crawl to safety. Although his comrades protested it, Wilson returned, unarmed, to search for the wounded man who had been left behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 137], "content_span": [138, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0179-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, NKPA 239th Regiment encirclement, 21 October 1950\nTwo days later, a 3/187th patrol moved back into the area to search for survivors. They found several wounded paratroopers and PFC Wilson lying beside the man he had returned to aid. He had been shot several times while trying to shield and administer aid to the wounded man. For his supreme self-sacrifice, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. That same day, 15 NKPA were captured wearing pile jackets and jump boots taken from I/187th's dead; one of them was wearing Wilson's clothing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 137], "content_span": [138, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0180-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, NKPA 239th Regiment encirclement, 21 October 1950\nMeanwhile, K/187th, receiving NKPA harassing fire during its advance along the highway, proceeded to a point about 1 mile (1.6\u00a0km) north of Yongyu, where it encountered an NKPA 239th Regiment force of about three companies. After a heavy firefight, the Americans forced the NKPA to withdraw. K/187th continued into Yongyu, taking up positions in the town and on Hill 163 to the north of the town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 137], "content_span": [138, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0181-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, NKPA 239th Regiment encirclement, 21 October 1950\nI/187th and K/187th now occupied defensive positions roughly opposite each other\u2014at Op'a-ri (Hill 281) overlooking the rail line and at Yongyu (Hill 163) overlooking the highway\u2014yet these positions were now almost 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) apart and unable to mutually support each other. The gap separating the rail line at Op'a-ri and highway at Yongyu was greater at that point than anywhere else between Sukchon and Pyongyang.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 137], "content_span": [138, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0181-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, NKPA 239th Regiment encirclement, 21 October 1950\nExtending on a southwest-northeast axis, and cutting across both the highway and rail line at Yongyu and Op'a-ri, is a line of high hills offering the best defensible ground between Pyongyang and the Chongchon River. Here, the NKPA 239th Regiment had taken up defensive positions, deploying a battalion in each locality. The last organized NKPA unit to leave Pyongyang, its mission was to fight a delaying action against the expected United Nations Command (UNC) advance from Pyongyang.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 137], "content_span": [138, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0181-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, NKPA 239th Regiment encirclement, 21 October 1950\nNow, as a result of the unexpected US airborne operation, it was encircled and found itself attacked from two separate points in its rear. The NKPA 239th Regiment, by this time convinced that both routes to the north had been blocked by the US airborne forces, would attempt one last push to regain contact with the other NKPA forces that had infiltrated northward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 137], "content_span": [138, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0182-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, 27th British Commonwealth Brigade advance to Yongyu, 21 October 1950\nFollowing the capture of Pyongyang, EUSAK's I Corps had been ordered to continue northward to a line roughly 35 miles (56\u00a0km) south of the Yalu River. The US 24th Infantry Division was selected to lead this attack. Now the vanguard of the 24th Infantry Division, the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade had crossed the Taedong River at Pyongyang at noon with the 1st Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highland Regiment (1 ASHR) taking the point, moving north on the main highway to Sukchon, tasked with linking up with the 187th ARCT at Sukchon before advancing to the Chongchon River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 156], "content_span": [157, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0182-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, 27th British Commonwealth Brigade advance to Yongyu, 21 October 1950\nApproaching Yongyu, Brigadier Basil A.Coad decided to halt his brigade for the night. The Argylls sent a patrol into Yongyu, establishing initial contact with K/187th at 18:45. Contact with the British brigade was expected since General Bowen had notified Lieutenant Colonel Munson at 3/187th's CP that elements of the brigade were on the other side of Yongyu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 156], "content_span": [157, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0183-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, NKPA 239th Regiment breakout, 22 October 1950\nAt 00:15 on 22 October, the NKPA 239th Regiment attempted a breakout to the north, launching multiple attacks against K/187th at Yongyu. During the first attack, K/187th's positions in the town and at its roadblock on the northern outskirts of town were assaulted by a large NKPA force estimated at two battalions. During the attack, a small NKPA force infiltrated K/187th's CP, where an NKPA soldier began spraying the area with automatic-weapons fire, wounding the company commander and First Lieutenant Claude K. Josey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 133], "content_span": [134, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0183-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, NKPA 239th Regiment breakout, 22 October 1950\nThe NKPA soldier then swung his weapon around to fire on other members of the CP group, but Josey, though seriously wounded, placed his body directly in the line of fire, shielding his comrades. He was again wounded  as he leaped at the NKPA soldier, wrestling the weapon from him, and was attempting to fire it when he collapsed due to the seriousness of his wounds. The extraordinary display of heroism earned Josey the Distinguished Service Cross for his actions. As the fighting continued, K/187th's executive officer was also wounded. The Americans eventually drove off the NKPA, many of whom were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 133], "content_span": [134, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0184-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, NKPA 239th Regiment breakout, 22 October 1950\nAfter reorganizing at the base of Hill 163, the NKPA 239th Regiment attacked the roadblock again at 01:15; this attack was repulsed. At 02:30, the NKPA suffered severe losses during a third attack. After the third attack, the officer in charge of the roadblock notified the battalion CP that his men had depleted their ammunition. They were ordered to abandon the roadblock and withdraw to the north.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 133], "content_span": [134, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0184-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, NKPA 239th Regiment breakout, 22 October 1950\nDetecting the withdrawal, the NKPA 239th Regiment attacked again at 04:00, leaving a small blocking force to hold K/187th in place in Yongyu, and concentrated the majority of its forces on the road to Sukchon. A short time after the main body of the NKPA regiment passed through, the remaining elements withdrew from Yongyu and moved north to join the main body. The NKPA 239th Regiment moved north along the road, arriving at a point 1,000 yards (910\u00a0m) south of 3/187th's CP at around 05:00. The NKPA stopped to reform, not realizing that 3/187th's Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) and L/187th were dug in along the road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 133], "content_span": [134, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0185-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, NKPA 239th Regiment breakout, 22 October 1950\nAt 05:45, the NKPA 239th Regiment started moving north again and ran blindly into 3/187th's HHC and the perimeter elements of L/187th. They were immediately engaged with heavy losses, not only by direct fire from the HHC but also by enfilading fire from L/187th. Stunned by the volume and severity of the fire, it took the NKPA 239th Regiment about an hour to reorganize and deliver an attack. A group of about 300-350 NKPA engaged L/187th and attempted to flank and envelop its positions. Another group of about 450 NKPA engaged the HHC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 133], "content_span": [134, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0185-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, NKPA 239th Regiment breakout, 22 October 1950\nThe NKPA fire became exceedingly accurate as the firefight progressed. At this point, the 3/187th CP radioed the 187th ARCT CP at Sukchon describing the situation and requesting reinforcement. The 187th ARCT's request for armored reinforcement was received by the headquarters of the 24th Infantry Division in Pyongyang. Yet, with the US division still well to the rear, the Sherman tanks of the US 89th Tank Battalion encamped with the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade on the Pyongyang-Sukchon road just south of Yongyu was the closest formation, and they were ordered forward to assist 3/187th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 133], "content_span": [134, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0186-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Battle of the Apple Orchard, 22 October 1950\nOvernight, Brigadier Coad had directed Lieutenant Colonel Charles H. Green's 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (3 RAR) to take the lead when the brigade moved out the following morning. Captain Archer P. Denness' Charlie Company was selected to lead the Australian advance. Charlie Company, with elements mounted on the tanks of D Company, US 89th Tank Battalion, and the rest of the company following in motor transport, was to pass through Yongyu as rapidly as possible and effect a relief of 3/187th to the north. At first light, 1 ASHR advanced into Yongyu to clear the town of any remaining NKPA. At 07:00, 3 RAR, with Charlie Company on point, passed through 1 ASHR and moved through Yongyu, headed north on the Yongyu-Sukchon road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 132], "content_span": [133, 878]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0187-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Battle of the Apple Orchard, 22 October 1950\nAt 09:00, the Australian column was stopped by hostile fire from a hillside apple orchard about 1 mile (1.6\u00a0km) north of Yongyu. Lieutenant Colonel Green, traveling with the 3 RAR headquarters group, proceeded forward to Captain Denness' location. Charlie Company had driven into the rearguard of the NKPA 239th Regiment as it was forming up for a final assault on 3/187th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 132], "content_span": [133, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0187-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Battle of the Apple Orchard, 22 October 1950\nDenness did not have a lot of information; there had been no contact with the Americans who were believed to be located nearby and the NKPA-held apple orchard lay between the advancing Australians and 3/187th, blocking any relief attempt. Brigadier Coad's order citing the urgent need to link up with the Americans dictated Green's decision. He chose to push Charlie Company through to continue the advance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 132], "content_span": [133, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0187-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Battle of the Apple Orchard, 22 October 1950\nPreparing for the assault, Green informed brigade headquarters of his plan and was advised that 3/187th was believed to be about 1,600 yards (1,500\u00a0m) further north; however, as the exact location of the Americans was unclear, the US tanks were under orders not to fire for fear of hitting their own men, and the indirect fire available to support the attack would be limited.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 132], "content_span": [133, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0188-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Battle of the Apple Orchard, 22 October 1950\nAt 09:30, Captain Denness dismounted 7 Platoon and 8 Platoon and aggressively counterattacked off the line of march into the apple orchard as the tanks opened up with their main guns and coaxial machine guns. The Australians pushed uphill through the apple trees and routed the NKPA defenders. The speed and ferocity of Charlie Company's attack caught the NKPA 239th Regiment by surprise, with all its attention directed north in a final effort to break out past 3/187th. As the NKPA broke, Lieutenant Colonel Green added Able and Baker Companies, 3 RAR, to the fight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 132], "content_span": [133, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0188-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Battle of the Apple Orchard, 22 October 1950\nThereafter, the NKPA 239th Regiment was no longer capable of organized resistance to the Australian thrust from the south. Nonetheless, there were still enough determined NKPA who opposed the Australians, so much so that Green was forced to commit Dog Company, 3 RAR, to clear the area to the west of the road. After committing all his rifle companies, Green's tactical headquarters group was forced to fight off an NKPA attack on their own, killing 34 with the loss of three of their own wounded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 132], "content_span": [133, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0189-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Battle of the Apple Orchard, 22 October 1950\nAs soon as 7 and 8 Platoon's success was assured, Captain Denness advanced 9 Platoon northward along the Yongyu-Sukchon road. The road led out of the heavily-treed orchard area and into an expansive open area of paddy fields that was the disputed area between the NKPA 239th Regiment and 3/187th. The Australians pressed the attack but were unable to effectively suppress the NKPA's long-range fire. At this point, Captain Denness sent the US tanks forward. The appearance of the tanks tilted the balance in favor of the Australians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 132], "content_span": [133, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0189-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Battle of the Apple Orchard, 22 October 1950\nUnable to move north and caught on the road between the advancing Australians and the American paratroopers, the NKPA 239th Regiment attempted to escape westward across the paddy fields, through the gap between 3 RAR and 3/187th. The NKPA again suffered heavy casualties, with many cut down by tank and rifle fire. Others fled east, escaping to the high ground where they dispersed into the hills.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 132], "content_span": [133, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0190-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Battle of the Apple Orchard, 22 October 1950\nAt 10:30, the leading elements of the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade, consisting of 9 Platoon, Charlie Company, 3 RAR, and a company of Sherman tanks were sighted by 3/187th. Within a half-hour, Captain Denness was able to advance and relieve the 3/187th CP. 3 RAR then continued its pursuit of the disorganized and retreating NKPA 239th Regiment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 132], "content_span": [133, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0191-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Battle of the Apple Orchard, 22 October 1950\nThe Battle of Yongyu, or the Battle of the Apple Orchard as it became known to the Australians who fought in it, was over by midday for the most part. It was brought to a conclusion as 9 Platoon was directed to clear the paddy fields west of the road. Many of the NKPA that had been unable to escape westward continued to refuse to surrender, hiding in rice stooks and fighting it out or feigning death until individually flushed out and captured or killed. The platoon deployed in an extended line and, in a scene that Brigadier Coad later likened to driving snipe, the Australians proceeded to sweep the area, kicking over the stacks of straw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 132], "content_span": [133, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0192-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Aftermath\nWith the link up with 3/187th complete, redeployment for the continuation of the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade's advance commenced. Within the brigade, the 1st Battalion, Middlesex Regiment (1 MR) took the lead. 3/187th returned to Sukchon with 1 MR following. There the British relieved the 187th ARCT in its positions by nightfall, occupying a defensive position 1 mile (1.6\u00a0km) north.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0193-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Aftermath\nThe land echelon's convoy departed at 09:00 on 22 October from Kimpo Airfield and established initial contact with the 187th ARCT at 23:00. The 142 miles (229\u00a0km) convoy distance required 14 hours for the lead elements to establish contact with the airborne forces; the convoy averaged 10 miles per hour, indicating the lack of suitable road networks to affect rapid resupply exploitation by ground maneuver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0194-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Aftermath\nWhile the Yongyu fighting was in progress, 2/187th remained out of contact and relatively inactive in its DZ at Sunchon. The ROK 6th Infantry Division performed most of the work in clearing the town and its vicinity of NKPA stragglers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0195-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Aftermath\nThe morning of 23 October saw the 187th ARCT remaining in defensive positions and preparing to move to the vicinity of Pyongyang. 1/187th remained in its same location without coming into further contact with the NKPA. 2/187th moved at 07:00, marching from its bivouac area at Sunchon to Sukchon. Approximately 6 miles (9.7\u00a0km) from Sukchon, 2/187th was alerted for motor transport to Pyongyang. At 17:00, the truck convoy departed; 2/187th arrived in the new area at midnight. On 24 October, the 187th ARCT's CP was still located at Hill 97 overlooking DZ WILLIAM.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0195-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Aftermath\nAt 07:30, the CP was alerted to move to Pyongyang. 1/187th departed in trucks from Sukchon to Pyongyang via Sunchon. This left the main highway free for the movement of the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade and the 24th Infantry Division. After departing from the old area at 15:00, 3/187th arrived in the new bivouac area at 21:00. The 674th AFAB departed Sukchon at 11:00 and arrived in Pyongyang at approximately 16:00. Shortly afterward, the 187th ARCT went back into theater reserve.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0195-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Aftermath\nIn three days of operations, the 187th ARCT had seized the key communication centers of Sukchon and Sunchon, cut the main highways and rail lines to Sinanju, Anju, and Kunu-ri, and trapped the NKPA 239th Regiment defending Pyongyang. The 187th ARCT engaged approximately 6,000 NKPA, killed an estimated 2,764, captured some 3,000 prisoners, and liberated 15 POWs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0196-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Aftermath\nIn total, during the 187th ARCT operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, 3,344 men and more than 600 tons of equipment and supplies were airdropped on 20 October and the days that followed, including 15 (12 recovered/serviceable) 105mm artillery howitzers, 18 (15 recovered/serviceable) jeeps, 4 (2 recovered/serviceable) 90mm antitank guns, 4 (3 recovered/serviceable) 3/4-ton trucks, 30 1/4-ton trailers, as well as 147 tons (141 tons recovered/serviceable) of ammunition, 28 55-gallon barrels of fuel, 26 55-gallon barrels of water, 77 tons (70 tons recovered/serviceable) of rations, and other supplies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0196-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Aftermath\nThis operation was the first combat airdrop of troops since World War II, with resupply solely dependent upon airdrop. The doctrine for airdrop of troops, and particularly supplies, had been neither significantly developed nor improved after World War II. This particular operation became the basis for lessons learned to conduct future parachute operations involving both troops and logistical support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0197-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Aftermath\nMuch of the success of this operation can be attributed to a long-standing relationship between the 314th TCG and the 187th ARCT. The 314th TCG had been stationed 50 miles (80\u00a0km) from Fort Campbell and had regularly supported and trained with the 11th Airborne Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0198-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, Aftermath\nThe command of 2/187th passed from Lieutenant Colonel Boyle to Lieutenant Colonel John P. Connor. Lieutenant Colonels Wilson and Munson retained command of 1/187th and 3/187th, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 97], "content_span": [98, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0199-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nShortly after its operations at Sukchon and Sunchon, the 187th ARCT took up positions in an area around Sinmak and was assigned the mission of providing security for Pyongyang and guarding the Pyongyang Airfield, Chinnampo, and the MSR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0200-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nDuring 25\u201326 November, Chinese People's Volunteer Army (CPVA) forces launched a series of surprise attacks across EUSAK's front in the Chongchon River valley; the CPVA concentrated on the ROKA troops, fully aware that they were the weakest elements. On 28 November, General Walker began a fighting retreat down the Korean peninsula toward Pyongyang. The 187th ARCT, EUSAK's reserve now augmented by the ROK 5th Infantry Division, the British 29th", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0200-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nIndependent Infantry Brigade, the Philippine 10th Battalion Combat Team, and the Royal Thai Expeditionary Force, moved northward through Pyongyang to the Sukchon area to set up blocking positions to keep the highway open to Pyongyang. General Walker underwent a sudden change of opinion between 28 November, when he felt that EUSAK could hold Pyongyang, and 3 December, when he predicted that EUSAK would be forced to withdraw to Seoul; on 5 December, UNC forces abandoned Pyongyang, which they had held since 19 October. General Walker's new order was to withdraw south of the 38th Parallel to the Imjin River, fighting a delaying action along the way, destroying highway and railroad bridges and culverts behind the retreat, and destroying all supplies that had been accumulated in Pyongyang.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 869]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0201-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nOn 10 December, the 187th ARCT withdrew from Pyongyang and established its CP at Sohung. As with the rest of the retreating US forces, the 187th ARCT blew up supplies left behind, setting fire to large stores of supplies and equipment captured by the regiment, blowing up ammunition and other supplies, and blowing up the Russian embassy in Pyongyang before leaving the city. The 187th ARCT dropped the Taedong River bridge a few hours ahead of the advancing CPVA, who occupied Pyongyang at midnight on the day the 187th left.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0201-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nOn 12 December, General MacArthur ordered a complete withdrawal of UNC forces from above the 38th Parallel. The 187th ARCT fought a series of battles to keep the withdrawal route open. After EUSAK had completed its withdrawal below the 38th Parallel, General Bowen called his commanders together and told them, \"I'm sick and tired of running from a shadow enemy. Tomorrow morning, the 187th will turn about and move north until we contact this enemy and give him a real bloody nose.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0202-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nOn or about 13 December, the 187th ARCT began its move northward. For two days, the march continued without contact. Late in the afternoon of the second day, General Bowen ordered a halt for the night. On the following morning, just before 3/187th was preparing to lead out the 187th ARCT to continue its advance, a CPVA column was observed moving southward on the road about 1 mile (1.6\u00a0km) away. On foot in columns of fours, without any lead units providing protection, the CPVA moved toward 3/187th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0202-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nThe 674th AFAB received a call from the forward artillery observer with 3/187th for a fire mission. The CPVA column continued its move toward 3/187th, unaware of the American presence. When the Chinese were about 500\u2013600 yards (460\u2013550\u00a0m) away, the 187th ARCT opened fire. 105mm artillery howitzers, 90mm antitank guns, and the battalion's heavy weapons all got into action. The range was too far for small arms, so most of the riflemen just watched as the CPVA were slaughtered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0202-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nCPVA in the rear, without orders to the contrary, continued to move forward to take the place of those in the lead that fell; there was never a change in the formation; they moved up, were shot down, and fell. Bodies piled up on the road, and the CPVA kept coming. A USAF airstrike bombed and napalmed along the entire CPVA line of march. When the fighter-bombers flew in for their second run, the CPVA broke ranks, not on command but in terror. After the fighter\u2013bombers expended their major ordnance, they switched to machine guns, chasing down and strafing groups of CPVA until they ran out of ammunition and departed. There were no targets left and General Bowen was satisfied. The 187th ARCT headed southward the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 802]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0203-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nOn 20 December, EUSAK headquarters departed Seoul for Taegu. On the same day that General Bowen received EUSAK's plan for the withdrawal from Seoul, the 187th ARCT moved south of the Han River to secure the river crossings and provide protection for the evacuation of Kimpo Airfield and the Inchon harbor area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0204-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nA joint CPVA-NKPA offensive began in central South Korea when the NKPA attempted an envelopment of UNC forces along the Chunchon-Hongchon-Wonju axis. Following an all-night mortar barrage on New Year\u2019s Eve, the CPVA, with its NKPA allies, surged across the Imjin River between Kaesong and Yonchon at daybreak on New Year\u2019s Day 1951 and attacked toward Seoul, driving EUSAK back toward the north bank of the Han River, concentrating their strength as usual against ROKA units. In coordination with ROKA withdrawals in central South Korea, EUSAK broke contact and withdrew to bridgehead defenses around Seoul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0205-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nOn 3 January, the 187th ARCT received an order to move southward to Suwon Airfield and prepare to attack toward Inchon or Wonju. On that same day, even as the CPVA suffered heavy losses from airstrikes and ground fire, it had enough strength to rout the EUSAK forces defending Seoul. When massive numbers of CPVA crossed the frozen Han River east and west of Seoul, EUSAK began its evacuation of the South Korean capital. On 5 January, Suwon Airfield was evacuated in the face of the CPVA advance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0205-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nLieutenant General Matthew B. Ridgway, who took command of EUSAK when General Walker was killed in a traffic accident on 23 December, ordered EUSAK to fall back to prearranged defensive positions some 35 miles farther south, anchored by Pyongtaek in the west, Wonju in the center, and Samchok in the east. Meanwhile, a large CPVA force shifted eastward to drive down the mountainous Hongchon-Hoengsong-Wonju corridor. If the attack succeeded, the CPVA would split EUSAK's I and IX Corps and come up behind them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0205-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nBy 9 January, General Ridgway had determined that the CPVA was concentrating for a strong attack on Wonju and decided to make a stand on the Wonju front. He directed the US 2nd Infantry Division to deploy south of Wonju and the US 7th Infantry Division to block on an east-west line from Chechon to Yongwol. He moved the 187th ARCT to Tanyang, a road hub on the Namhan River, south of the 7th Infantry Division. The 187th ARCT was attached to X Corps and reinforced with the 3rd Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0206-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nOn 13 January, General Bowen moved his CP to Punggi to defend the Tanyang-Punggi Pass. 1/187th and 3/187th were deployed to hold the pass with 2/187th in reserve. To defend the pass, the regiment had to fight its way up to the ridge crests overlooking the pass. 3/187th moved up one such ridge along a winding road with L/187th on the right, K/187th on the left, and I/187th in reserve, initially encountering light resistance. 3/187th ran into increasing fire when it encountered a CPVA outpost line of resistance, but succeeded in driving the CPVA off the line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0206-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nArtillery and airstrikes were called in to blast the CPVA. At 14:00, the CPVA withdrew off the ridge crest and 3/187th moved onto the summit and dug in. At 21:00, the CPVA counterattacked, screaming and blowing bugles, but 3/187th was well dug in with clear lines of fire. The CPVA were cut down \"like ripe wheat.\" As those in the front ranks fell, those in the rear passed through, only to add to the number of dead when they fell. Finally, the few remaining CPVA survivors withdrew. A check revealed no Rakkasan casualties. The next morning, inspection of the battlefield revealed dead CPVA scattered throughout the 3/187th MLR, often in piles of ten or more. Every corpse was frozen solid into grotesque, contorted positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0207-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nAfter X Corps had captured Hoengsong, northeast of Wonju, on 2 February, General Ridgway ordered X Corps, which had completed its move to the central front of the UNC battle line, to perform a reconnaissance-in-force on 5 February, to make contact with the NKPA, determining its disposition, and discovering its intentions. Upon finding that the NKPA had abandoned its battle lines, Ridgway ordered a full-scale advance toward Hongchon that became Operation ROUNDUP, designed to disrupt NKPA preparations for a new offensive. Initially, there was little opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0207-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nThe next day, the two ROKA divisions tasked with enveloping Hongchon met heavier resistance northeast of Hoengsong. By 8 February, strong counterattacks were hitting X Corps' right flank and soon spread all along the line. Intelligence and aerial observation picked up movements east and south of Hoengsong, indicating a shift of the bulk of the CPVA-NKPA forces in the west to the west-central area of South Korea. The threat of a counteroffensive became more certain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0207-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nOn 11 February, the forecast counteroffensive erupted on the central front held by X Corps, as two CPVA armies and an NKPA corps launched a massive counterattack along the Hoengsong-Wonju axis after nightfall, concentrating as usual on the ROKA units in the line, routing them, and driving them back. The Communists achieved initial success with the capture of Hoengsong, forcing UNC forces back toward Wonju and wiping out many of the gains registered in Operation ROUNDUP. CPVA had occupied the high ground on both sides of a road running out of Hoengsong, trapping about 4,000 men from the 2nd Infantry Division's 38th Infantry Regiment and the ROK 1st Infantry Division in a snarled column of vehicles and equipment at the northern end of a valley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 821]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0208-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nG/187th had been detached from 2/187th, attached to the 38th Infantry, and held a blocking position south of Hoengsong. On 12 February, G/187th moved up and found a catastrophe in the making. In ditches on each side of the road lay dead and wounded men who had attempted to run the CPVA gauntlet during the day. G/187th reached the 38th Infantry at 19:00. Key to effecting the relief of the stalled column were three partly demolished bridges held by CPVA roadblocks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0208-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nG/187th pushed off in platoon formation with a platoon of Sherman tanks from the US 72nd Tank Battalion in the lead. The first bridge was successfully negotiated and CPVA holding the two successive crossings were killed. G/187th reached the stalled column about midnight and led the column back down the road to safety. Acting as a rearguard, G/187th held open the 12 miles (19\u00a0km) route to Wonju until all UNC elements had cleared the mouth of the valley. In the operation, G/187th had six KIA and \"many\" WIA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0209-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nKey to the defense of EUSAK's central front, Wonju was the junction of five main roads as well as a rail line from Seoul to Pusan. Whoever controlled Wonju controlled central South Korea. Expecting an all-out CPVA offensive in the Wonju area, General Ridgway ordered the 38th Infantry and the 187th ARCT to make \"the strongest possible stand\" to blunt the CPVA. The force included seven American, three South Korean, and one Dutch infantry battalions \u2013 about 8,000 men. He also massed over 100 artillery pieces, including thirty 155mm howitzers and the 674th AFAB's twelve 105mm guns. On the night of 13 February, the CPVA launched a major offensive along the Chipyong-ni-Wonju road and rail network. In the Chipyong-ni area, the CPVA used the ridgelines to surround and bypass the 2nd Infantry Division's 23rd Infantry Regiment and advance toward Wonju.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 923]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0210-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nOn 14 February, the 187th ARCT's battle area was northwest of Wonju. 3/187th was directed to clear a series of ridgelines, numbered successively from south to north as Hills 339, 340, 341, and 342. On Hill 339, K/187th, with E/187th and L/187th on flank, made contact with CPVA outposts in well-prepared positions supported by mortars and automatic weapons. On Hill 340, K/187th encountered dug-in CPVA that lobbed hand grenades from as close as 30 feet (9.1\u00a0m); K/187th charged the CPVA trenches and, with rifles, hand grenades, bayonets, and hand-to-hand fighting, cleared the summit of the hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0210-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nAt around dusk, K/187th had progressed to and secured Hill 341. Needing time to resupply and secure the area, K/187th notified the 3/187th CP that it would assault Hill 342 after dark as the CPVA held strong positions and company-level strength. CPVA counterattacks started about 20:00 and were almost continuous. It was estimated that the CPVA eventually committed a regiment piecemeal to the action on Hill 342. CPVA overran K/187th's mortar section but were ejected and the mortars recovered. K/187th was then assisted by L/187th and E/187th with flanking fire. At about 02:00, K/187th halted and dug in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0210-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nBy daylight, the fight for Hill 342 was over except for CPVA stragglers who were rounded up as POWs. I/187th was brought up behind K/187th to prevent CPVA encirclement. K/187th suffered about a twenty\u2013eight percent loss in effective strength with 48 casualties. CPVA losses on Hill 342 exceeded 200 dead, with around 50 inside the K/187th perimeter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0211-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nWhile 3/187th was fighting on Hill 342, 2/187th was fighting about 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) northwest of Wonju in an attempt to regain two hill masses lost by the 38th Infantry to overwhelming CPVA forces. At about 14:00 on 14 February, 2/187th counterattacked with E/187th and F/187th, with G/187th in reserve. Twice, the CPVA repulsed E/187th's attack. In the final assault, E/187th fought a brutal battle up to the summit of the first hill and then moved on toward the second hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0211-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nG/187th was committed and directed to move off about 500 yards (460\u00a0m) on the right flank of the hill to begin its battle. In E/187th's sector, the paratroopers fought the CPVA at times in hand-to-hand combat and drove them off the hill. In G/187th's sector, Captain James D. Cook sent his 1st and 2nd Platoons to attack a large CPVA force to the north of E/187th. He directed his 3rd Platoon and his Weapons Platoon, which had lost its crew-served weapons in the 38th Infantry rescue mission, to seize the ridgeline on the north side of the hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0211-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nHalfway up the slope, the 3rd Platoon was stopped by hostile fire. While the 3rd Platoon laid down a base of fire, the Weapons Platoon maneuvered to the left and assaulted the summit. The Weapons Platoon was hit by scores of CPVA hand grenades thrown from the reverse side of the summit, but gained the crest of the hill and routed the CPVA, killing 451. The 3rd Platoon joined the Weapons Platoon after moving up to the summit and the 1st and 2nd Platoons joined up at dusk. Over 20 American Thompson submachine guns were found strewn about the hill, indicating the number of automatic weapons used by the CPVA against 2/187th's attack. 2/187th's occupation of this vital hill mass now blocked the CPVA from capturing the road and rail network between Seoul and Wonju.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0212-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nBy 18 February, the CPVA High Command understood it was fighting a losing battle and began to pull back northward to the old NKPA defenses just north of the 38th Parallel. On 21 February, in response, General Ridgway ordered the US IX and X Corps to swing eastward and execute Operation KILLER, a full-scale, battlefront-length attack staged for maximum exploitation of firepower to cut off and destroy as many CPVA and NKPA as possible while moving the UNC line north to the Han River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0212-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nThe well-mounted UNC ground attack caught the Reds off-balance, and supporting airstrikes wreaked heavy casualties on the overextended Communist forces. On 28 February, Operation KILLER concluded with EUSAK re-occupying the territory south of the Han River and capturing Hoengsong, eliminating the last CPVA/NKPA presence south of the Han River. As the month ended, this attack achieved its purpose of straightening the UNC line east of the Han River. For the first time since the Chinese intervention, UNC forces stood along a relatively stable line, with \"no gaping holes, no soft spots, and no enemy salients threatening to tear it in two.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0213-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Battle of Wonju\nOn orders, General Bowen pulled the 187th ARCT out of the line at Wonju. By 28 February, the 187th ARCT had closed on its rear assembly area at Taegu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0214-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni\nRather than attempt a frontal assault across the wide and thawing Han River at Seoul, General Ridgway ordered EUSAK's IX and X Corps to simultaneously attack northward in central South Korea with Operation RIPPER at 05:45 on 7 March 1951, intending to drive a broad salient into the center of the enemy line and separating the CPVA in the west from the NKPA in the east, and intending to create a bulge east of Seoul that would permit UNC forces to envelop the capital city at their leisure. The operation also aimed to bring UNC troops up to the 38th Parallel. The offensive made rapid progress as the IX Corps\u2019 US 25th Infantry Division established a bridgehead across the Han River near its confluence with the Pukhan River, about 15 miles (24\u00a0km) east of Seoul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0215-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni\nThe northward EUSAK advance in central South Korea had the effect of outflanking Seoul, and when EUSAK seized the commanding heights east of the city, the CPVA had to choose between abandoning Seoul or defending it at a disadvantage. The former alternative was chosen when, quite suddenly on the night of 14 March, the CPVA abandoned Seoul without a fight, and Seoul changed hands for the fourth and final time when UNC forces once again liberated the battered South Korean capital. The city had been devastated by fighting, and its population had been reduced to a fraction of its prewar size.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0216-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni\nPlanners in Tokyo had hoped to drop the 187th ARCT into the Seoul area, but the speed of the EUSAK advance initially caused the airdrop objective to shift to Chunchon, the major NKPA supply center just below the 38th Parallel in central South Korea. The new objective had several  advantages, in that Chunchon was an important rail terminus and a promising site for an airfield. The 187th ARCT would be dropped when EUSAK's front line was 10 miles (16\u00a0km) away and the two forces would link up within 24 hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0216-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni\nD-day for the Chunchon airdrop was initially planned for 22 March. On 20 March, aerial reconnaissance reported that Chunchon was no longer occupied by the NKPA. The US 1st Cavalry Division\u2019s armored columns drove into Chunchon without difficulty. The capture of Chunchon had placed EUSAK within 8 miles (13\u00a0km) of the 38th Parallel, and the 187th ARCT had lost its airborne assault objective. Meanwhile, Brigadier General John P. Henebry had been keeping his 315th Air Division (Combat Cargo) troop carrier assets in readiness for an airborne operation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0216-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni\nOn 21 March, even though there was some doubt as to whether paratroopers would jump at Chunchon, General Henebry had brought 80 C\u2013119\u2019s and 55 C\u201346\u2019s from Ashiya and Brady Air Bases in Japan to Taegu Airfield. Parked wingtip to wingtip, the big transports filled the dusty graveled parking area to overflowing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0217-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni\nEven though he canceled the airdrop at Chunchon, General Ridgway soon had other employment in mind for the paratroopers. Because of the CPVA/NKPA withdrawal from Seoul, Ridgway had directed an expansion of Operation RIPPER, designated Operation COURAGEOUS, that was designed to trap large numbers of CPVA and NKPA between the Han and Imjin Rivers north of Seoul. The intent of Operation COURAGEOUS was for EUSAK's I Corps to advance quickly to the Imjin River with all possible speed to trap the Reds fleeing northward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0217-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni\nDesignated Operation Tomahawk, Ridgway wanted the 187th ARCT, with two US Army Ranger companies attached, dropped behind the NKPA at Munsan-ni, a village on the south bank of the Imjin River, 20 miles (32\u00a0km) north of EUSAK\u2019s front lines. D-day was planned for 23 March. Two armored task forces would attack to the north through Uijongbu and Munsan-ni, with the Munsan-ni task force linking up with the 187th ARCT, trapping the NKPA between the two forces. The ROK 1st Infantry Division and US 3rd Infantry Division would follow the armored task forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0218-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni\nOn the afternoon of 21 March, the same day they were assigned the new objective, Generals Henebry and Bowen, along with the commanders of the 314th TCG (C\u2013119) and 437th TCW (C\u201346), visually reconnoitered the Munsan-ni area from the vantage point of a low-flying C\u201346 and selected two small DZs, one about 1 mile (1.6\u00a0km) northeast of Munsan-ni and the other about 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) southeast of the town. Returning to Taegu Airfield, they met with General Ridgway to confirm that they could execute the operation at 09:00 on 23 March, weather permitting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0218-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni\nThe delay of the airborne operation must have caused General Henebry some anxiety, for his transports would have to sit on the ground at Taegu Airfield an overly long time. Because of the dust problem, the transports would not be able to run up their engines before they took off. On the other hand, the same paratrooper and equipment loadings worked out for Chunchon would be used for Munsan-ni. Since some 12,000 CPVA and NKPA were believed to be in the vicinity of Munsan-ni, it was emphasized that there must be no slip-up in the timing of the airdrops \u2013 the 187th ARCT must be on the ground in the two DZs without delay once the drops began.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0219-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni\nThe bulk of the 187th ARCT would jump onto the north DZ: General Bowen and his staff, 3/187th, 2/187th, the two Ranger companies, and the 674th AFAB. 1/187th would jump onto the south DZ to provide early-on linkup with the armored task force moving north.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0220-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Airborne assault, 23 March 1951\nAt 03:00 on the morning of 23 March, under a full moon, the paratroopers rolled out of their sleeping bags and started their pre-jump rituals \u2013 breakfast, loading into their combat gear, forming into sticks, moving to their assigned aircraft, and putting on the parachutes that they had checked the previous day and left at the planes. Each paratrooper carried a full battle load: main and reserve parachutes, combat pack, water canteen, rations, first aid packet, basic ammunition load, hand grenades, pistol, and rifle. The paratroopers carried their combat packs slung in front of their knees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 109], "content_span": [110, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0220-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Airborne assault, 23 March 1951\nA few drifting clouds promised a weather-perfect day for the airborne operation. By 07:00, the 187th ARCT, US 2nd Ranger Infantry Company (Airborne), and US 4th Ranger Infantry Company (Airborne) were loaded aboard their assigned aircraft. One after another, spinning propellers churned up the dust as the long line of transports begin to taxi to the runway, churning up even thicker blankets of dust that obscured much of the runway area. At 07:30, Operation TOMAHAWK, the largest single-day airborne operation of the war, got underway as General Henebry\u2019s C\u201354 command and control aircraft led the way.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 109], "content_span": [110, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0220-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Airborne assault, 23 March 1951\nThe lead formation, led by Colonel Richard W. Henderson, the 314th TCG's commanding officer and commander of the airborne delivery phase of Operation TOMAHAWK, took off from Taegu Airfield, formed up, and headed for its rendezvous point over the Yellow Sea, west of the Munsan\u2013ni objective area. Thereafter, at 10\u2013second intervals, the rest of the transports followed in dust so thick that the pilots flew blind until after liftoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 109], "content_span": [110, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0221-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Airborne assault, 23 March 1951\nFEAF filled the skies between Seoul and Munsan-ni. As the troop carriers began to climb out from Taegu Airfield, two groups of B\u201326s from Japan had already begun to soften the objective areas with 500-pound airbursting bombs and low-level strafing attacks. Thirty-two B\u201326s began working northward from the outskirts of Seoul against enemy troop positions along the road to Munsan-ni; twenty-four B\u201326s operated against enemy areas closer to the DZs. Sixteen P\u201351s joined the transports as they passed into enemy territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 109], "content_span": [110, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0222-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Airborne assault, 23 March 1951\nAs planned, 3/187th with the 4th Rangers attached jumped first at 09:00, having been given the mission of securing the north DZ. The second serial, with 1/187th aboard, had encountered bad luck shortly after takeoff when the formation leader\u2019s C\u201346, with Colonel Wilson and his staff aboard, encountered engine trouble, forcing the pilot to return to Taegu for a replacement aircraft. The plan went awry when the deputy formation leader's C\u201346 mistakenly followed the lead serial and dropped 1/187th onto the north DZ. The other aircraft in the formation dropped their paratroopers based on the lead aircraft, compounding the problem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 109], "content_span": [110, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0222-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Airborne assault, 23 March 1951\nThe operation got back on track when the third serial dropped 2/187th with the 2nd Rangers attached, General Bowen and his regimental staff, engineers, medics, and others squarely on target in the north DZ. The fourth serial, composed entirely of C\u2013119\u2019s, delivered the 674th AFAB\u2019s paratroopers and the artillery heavy airdrop accurately in the north DZ. Colonel Munson, already on the ground with 3/187th, recalled \"All those unscheduled people (1/187th) dropped on top of us, on a DZ that was already badly congested. It was like a Chinese fire drill. But what was more serious was that we didn't have a force on the south DZ, which was the linkup point for the armored task force.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 109], "content_span": [110, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0223-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Airborne assault, 23 March 1951\nShortly after 10:00, a single stick of paratroopers jumped from a C\u201346 over the south DZ. The replacement aircraft carrying Colonel Wilson and party had finally reached Munsan-ni, and its passengers had jumped into the correct DZ, not knowing that they would be the only troops in the area. When Wilson arrived over the south DZ, he was startled to find no parachutes on the ground where his battalion had supposedly jumped. \"There was nobody there,\" he recalled. \"We thought that they must have picked up their chutes and moved on. So we jumped anyway.\" When they landed, Wilson and the 29 members of his battalion staff were greeted with machine-gun fire from nearby hills. Fortunately, the NKPA stayed in the hills.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 109], "content_span": [110, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0224-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Airborne assault, 23 March 1951\nOvercrowding caused by the misdirected drop complicated the assembly, but 1/187th and 3/187th managed to sort themselves out and secure the north DZ. An unexpected annoyance was created by civilians who appeared in the DZ and began carrying away the parachutes. Shots fired over their heads ended the attempted theft. 2/187th proceeded to occupy the high ground northeast of the DZ, and under the command of its executive officer, 1/187th, less B/187th, moved north and northwest, clearing Munsan-ni itself in the process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 109], "content_span": [110, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0225-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Airborne assault, 23 March 1951\nB/187th proceeded on a rescue mission to the south DZ after learning that 1/187th\u2019s command group had come under fire from a hill overlooking the DZ. B/187th forced the NKPA off the hill and reached the DZ by 15:00. The rescue force and the 1/187th command group arrived at the regimental CP in the north DZ about two hours later. By that time, General Bowen\u2019s forces had secured all assigned objectives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 109], "content_span": [110, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0226-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Airborne assault, 23 March 1951\nBefore the day was over, 72 C\u2013119s dropped 2,011 paratroopers and 204 tons of supplies and equipment, while 48 C\u201346s unloaded 1,436 paratroopers and 15.5 tons of supplies and equipment. Delivery of the 187th ARCT\u2019s heavy equipment posed a more difficult problem. Due to the shortage of C\u2013119s, two equipment drops had to be scheduled for each aircraft. In the morning, a formation of 23 C\u2013119\u2019s made an excellent airdrop in the face of increasing NKPA ground fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 109], "content_span": [110, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0226-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Airborne assault, 23 March 1951\nOne C\u2013119 caught fire after its drop; five crew members managed to bail out before an explosion destroyed the aircraft, killing the pilot and copilot. The other C\u2013119s returned safely to Ashiya Air Base to take on another load of heavy equipment. Twenty-eight C\u2013119s were able to muster for the afternoon drop. One C\u2013119 received minor damage from small-arms fire, while a second dropped its load prematurely when a restraining strap broke while en route to the DZ. The two drops delivered 277 tons of heavy equipment to the 187th ARCT, including 27 jeeps and trailers, two 3/4-ton weapons carriers, four 105mm howitzers, twelve 75mm pack howitzers, and 15 load-bearing platforms each carrying 600 pounds (270\u00a0kg) of supplies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 109], "content_span": [110, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0227-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Airborne assault, 23 March 1951\nThe 187th ARCT faced only weak opposition on the ground and established a defensive perimeter by noon at the cost of one KIA and 18 WIA. There were 84 jump casualties; almost half of the jump casualties returned to duty immediately after treatment. At about midmorning, Air Force H\u201319 helicopters landed on the DZs to evacuate the wounded. This was the first combat use of the Air Force H\u201319 for the evacuation of wounded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 109], "content_span": [110, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0228-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Airborne assault, 23 March 1951\nThe point of the armored infantry task force reached Munsan-ni at 18:30 on 23 March, but the remainder of the extended column took several hours longer. The task force encountered no NKPA along its route of march but was kept to an intermittent crawl by having to lift or explode over 150 live land mines, some of them booby-trapped, and almost as many dummy mines, including a 5 miles (8.0\u00a0km) stretch of buried C-ration and beer cans. Four M46 Patton tanks, two jeeps, and a scout car were disabled by land mines. As the last of these tanks hit a mine below Munsan-ni, the explosion attracted NKPA artillery fire that damaged two more tanks. The tail of the task force finally arrived at the airborne position at 07:00 on 24 March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 109], "content_span": [110, 843]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0229-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Aftermath\nAlthough the airborne operation at Munsan-ni enabled EUSAK's I Corps to close up to the Imjin River very rapidly, its results in terms of NKPA killed and captured were negligible. NKPA casualties included 136 dead counted on the field and 149 taken captive. Estimated NKPA losses raised the total considerably higher. Contrary to expectations, prisoner interrogations indicated that NKPA forces who had been in the objective area had numbered between 300 and 500 members of a second-rate combat outfit. Disturbingly enough, the NKPA prisoners insisted that as early as 21 March their regiment had received warnings that the 187th ARCT was going to drop at Munsan-ni on 23 March and most of the remainder had withdrawn above the Imjin River well before the airborne landing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 87], "content_span": [88, 861]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0230-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Aftermath\nThe Munsan-ni airdrop, like the earlier Sukchon-Sunchon operation, had little tactical value. Munsan-ni could have been taken easily by EUSAK's ground offensive. Like the Sukchon-Sunchon experience, however, the airdrop could be rated a success, at least as a realistic training exercise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 87], "content_span": [88, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0231-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Ground operations, 24\u201328 March 1951\nI Corps' orders for 187th ARCT operations called only for patrolling. Having been given control of the armored infantry task force, General Bowen built his principal patrols around the task force's Patton tanks and sent them to investigate ferry sites on the Imjin River and to check Route 2Y, a dirt road running east from Munsan-ni as far as the village of Sinchon, 10 miles (16\u00a0km) away. One patrol made contact while checking an Imjin River ferry site and ford 10 miles (16\u00a0km) northeast of Munsan-ni. Six NKPA were killed and 22 captured. The patrol had no casualties, but a tank had to be destroyed after it bogged down at a stream crossing while approaching the river. Meanwhile, a few rounds of artillery fire fell in the north DZ but caused no casualties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 113], "content_span": [114, 878]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0232-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Ground operations, 24\u201328 March 1951\nWith no profitable employment forthcoming for the 187th ARCT at the Imjin River, I Corps quickly ordered General Bowen to pull in his patrols and prepare to move northeast of Uijongbu to capture the high ground about 10 miles (16\u00a0km) north of Uijongbu behind the CPVA opposing the advance of the US 3rd Infantry Division up the road from Seoul toward Yonchon and prevent the CPVA from withdrawing. The 3rd Infantry Division was to continue its northward attack and drive the CPVA against Bowen\u2019s position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 113], "content_span": [114, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0232-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Ground operations, 24\u201328 March 1951\nLaunched on this attack over inaccessible rain-soaked roads before its MSR was opened to Seoul, the 187th ARCT had a great need for continuing aerial resupply for the basics of combat: food and ammunition. On 24 March, 36 C\u2013119s airdropped 40 men and 188 tons of supplies at Munsan-ni to get the paratroopers started.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 113], "content_span": [114, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0233-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Ground operations, 24\u201328 March 1951\nThe 187th ARCT started east on Route 2Y at 18:00 on 24 March, intending to march as far as Sinchon during the night and open its attack the following morning. Only a single tank company was able to move out with the paratroopers; all others had too little fuel after patrolling and were directed to catch up with the column after being resupplied from Seoul. A force shaped around the tanks led the way toward Sinchon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 113], "content_span": [114, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0233-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Ground operations, 24\u201328 March 1951\nBut after 7 miles (11\u00a0km), as the column moved through a system of ridges, landslides in defiles twice trapped the leading tanks, and in the second instance, no bypass could be found. As engineers tried to open the road, rain began to fall and became steadily heavier. With the rain making a poor road even worse, General Bowen ordered the tanks back to Munsan-ni. After the engineers had cleared the road sufficiently, his remaining forces proceeded to Sinchon, arriving about 06:00 on 25 March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 113], "content_span": [114, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0233-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Ground operations, 24\u201328 March 1951\nHalf an hour later, Bowen ordered 2/187th, with 3/187th following in support, to seize Hill 228 on the west side of Route 33. Running into small-arms, machine-gun, and mortar fire from positions on several nearer heights and hampered by a continuing driving rain, the two battalions at day's end were some 2 miles (3.2\u00a0km) short of Hill 228, and Route 33 remained available to the CPVA in front of the 3rd Infantry Division if they chose to withdraw over it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 113], "content_span": [114, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0234-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Ground operations, 24\u201328 March 1951\nWithdrawal seemed to be the CPVA intention. The 3rd Infantry Division met only light resistance when it resumed its attack from the south on 25 March and advanced beyond the hill masses where strong CPVA positions had delayed it the day before. A tank company moved ahead on Route 3X, a secondary road angling northwest off Route 33 to Sinchon, in an attempt to contact the 187th ARCT. Mines along the road disabled four tanks and kept the tank company from reaching its destination, but it encountered no CPVA positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 113], "content_span": [114, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0234-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Ground operations, 24\u201328 March 1951\nThe CPVA withdrawal was confirmed on  26 March when the 3rd and 25th Infantry Divisions moved well forward against little or no opposition. To the north, the CPVA continued to oppose the 187th ARCT's efforts to capture Hill 228. Using Route 33 and a lesser road to the west, two tank columns from the 3rd Infantry Division joined the 187th ARCT during the afternoon of 26 March, but, even with armored support, it was 09:00 on 27 March before the paratroopers captured Hill 228.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 113], "content_span": [114, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0234-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Ground operations, 24\u201328 March 1951\nUsing the remainder of the day for reorganization and resupply, General Bowen attacked the heights on the east side of Route 33 early on 28 March and occupied them after an all-day battle, suffering heavy casualties in eliminating stiff CPVA resistance. Meanwhile, the US 15th Infantry Regiment of the 3rd Infantry Division made contact with the 187th ARCT late in the afternoon of 27 March. Despite I Corps' hopes for the operation, the 3rd Infantry Division drove no CPVA into the 187th ARCT's guns. Either the CPVA resisting the eastward attack of the 187th ARCT had kept Route 33 open long enough for the forces withdrawing before the 3rd Infantry Division to pass north, or the withdrawing CPVA had used another road, perhaps Route 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 113], "content_span": [114, 853]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0235-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Ground operations, 24\u201328 March 1951\nOnce they were on the road, four C\u201346s airdropped an additional 10 tons of supplies to the 187th ARCT on 26 March, and 12 C\u2013119s airdropped an additional 66 tons of supplies on 27 March. The last two days' airdrops were of vital importance, for the 187th ARCT's men and guns were getting hungry; many of the men had eaten only once in 36 hours, and one artillery battery was down to its last five rounds of ammunition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 113], "content_span": [114, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0236-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Operations at Munsan-ni, Ground operations, 24\u201328 March 1951\nAfter the linkup with the 3rd Infantry Division, the 187th ARCT moved back to Taegu to reorganize, reequip, reman, and retrain. General Ridgway made it clear that, in the future, he did not favor using the 187th ARCT in a strictly ground combat role; he felt that the highly trained paratroopers should be used primarily for airborne missions \u2013 dropping deep behind the enemy and boxing him in while ground forces moved forward for the kill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 113], "content_span": [114, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0237-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nWhen the CPVA and NKPA withdrew in the face of Operation RIPPER, they fell back across the 38th Parallel to a strong line anchored by well-constructed fortifications along the southernmost edge of the \"Iron Triangle\" \u2013 the region bounded by Chorwon, Kumhwa (modern-day Gimhwa-eup), and Pyonggang. It was known that the Communists were preparing for another offensive, making use of the supply centers and transportation facilities around the Iron Triangle. Following the conclusion of Operation COURAGEOUS, General Ridgway notified General MacArthur that he was developing plans for an operation that would take EUSAK above the 38th Parallel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0237-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nThe first phase of this operation would be to occupy the ground that would serve as a base of operations for continuing toward the Iron Triangle and, given the enemy\u2019s evident offensive preparations, for developing a defensive position. Known as the KANSAS Line, this defensive position followed the Imjin River to a point a few miles north of the 38th Parallel and then ran eastward to the Yangyang area on the coast. It would take advantage of a water barrier in the center, the Hwachon Reservoir.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0237-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nThe US I and IX Corps would seize and occupy the western segment of the KANSAS Line between the Imjin River and the Hwachon Reservoir, the US X Corps would occupy the central portion, and the ROK III and I Corps were to take the eastern section. This plan was submitted to General MacArthur, who approved it without consulting Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0238-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nThe new advance, designated Operation RUGGED, began on 5 April 1951. On the same day, General Macarthur, in one of his last messages to the JCS, explained its objectives. He added that plans had already been drawn up for additional advances, at some future date, to bring UNC forces 10 to 20 miles (16 to 32\u00a0km) north of the 38th Parallel and enable them to dominate the Iron Triangle. Limitations of supply, weather, and terrain, together with the strength of the enemy, indicated that any farther advance \"is not feasible at this time.\" Operation RUGGED proceeded generally according to plan. By 9 April, the US I and IX Corps had fought through shifting resistance to the KANSAS Line. I Corps and the left-flank IX Corps' units had continued the attack toward Chorwon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 846]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0239-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nOn 11 April, at the direction of President Truman, General Ridgway relieved General MacArthur as UNC and FEC Commander-in-Chief because of MacArthur\u2019s insubordination and his determination to expand the war into China. MacArthur had, on several occasions, publicly criticized the administration\u2019s war and foreign policies. General Ridgway was succeeded by Lieutenant General James A. Van Fleet as EUSAK's commander.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0240-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nBy 19 April, I Corps' lead elements were prepared to attack the Iron Triangle. General Ridgway had called a 48-hour halt to bring supplies forward before moving north. He ordered the attack, designated Operation DAUNTLESS, to resume on the morning of 21 April. Ridgway felt that the operation would provoke a major Communist attack for which he was prepared to fall back in order, trading real estate for the opportunity to kill the enemy. On the morning of 22 April, the I and IX Corps' assault regiments were advancing. The capture and interrogation of several CPVA revealed that the CPVA would launch a major offensive that night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0241-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nAt 22:00 on 22 April, the CPVA, mobilizing three field armies totaling 700,000 troops for the operation, launched a massive offensive in the west and west-central operational areas that Radio Pyongyang confidently predicted would destroy the UNC. By dawn the next morning, CPVA were attacking cross the entire Korean peninsula. The major effort, mounted by almost half of the CPVA troops, making it the biggest battle of the Korean War, was a double envelopment designed to isolate and capture Seoul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0241-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nThe initial CPVA attack fell upon I Corps on the south bank of the Imjin River, near Yonchon, north of Seoul, and IX Corps, near Hwachon, northeast of Seoul. The UNC lines held firm across the front except in IX Corps' AO where the CPVA smashed against the ROK 6th Infantry Division, driving it back and leaving a 10 miles (16\u00a0km) gap in the line. Rather than see his army engulfed, General Van Fleet gave the order for I and IX Corps to fall back to the KANSAS Line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0241-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nVan Fleet made plans to halt the CPVA in front of Seoul and north of the Han River. On 29 April, the Communist offensive was halted in the west 5 miles (8.0\u00a0km) short of Seoul and north of the Han River, but by the end of April, I and IX Corps had lost everything gained during the last six weeks. Aerial reconnaissance indicated that Red divisions were side slipping toward the east-central and eastern AOs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0242-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nDespite the hindrance of air attacks, the Communists shifted their strength and completed a concentration against the Chunchon-Inje sector that was held by the US X Corps and the ROK III Corps. During the early evening hours of 16 May, twenty-one CPVA and nine NKPA divisions delivered a powerful blow down the center of the Korean peninsula, striking southward down the roads from Chunchon and Inje that converged on Hongchon. ROKA forces broke under the attack, exposing the flank of the US 2nd Infantry Division. X Corps faced serious trouble.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0242-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nThe 2nd Infantry Division held off the Red tide until 18 May and then, with the US 1st Marine Division, moved east to fill the gap vacated by the ROKA. By 20 May, after gaining initial success, the Communist offensive was blunted, leaving the CPVA over-extended and under constant aerial attack. This would be the last all-out CPVA offensive operation for the duration of the war and paved the way for General Van Fleet to gain the initiative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0242-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nIn a meeting on the previous day, Generals Van Fleet and Ridgway discussed the possibility of an offensive with Lieutenant General Edward M. Almond, X Corps' commanding general. General Almond believed that the time was ripe for a strong attack northeasterly up the Kansong road to Inje and beyond, cutting off the escape routes required by the CPVA moving northward in their long march up the coast., but he needed fresh troops. Almond reasoned that the 187th ARCT, which was in X Corps' reserve and had been out of combat for some time, was the unit he needed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0242-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nHe would equip the paratroopers with vehicles, tanks, and artillery, and when the CPVA had driven even deeper, strike with the 187th ARCT. Ridgway had previously forbidden the use of the 187th ARCT as a ground force. He reasoned that paratroopers near an airfield, launching on short notice, would be a constant threat, causing thousands of enemy troops to remain in rear areas to counter potential airborne attacks. Even so, Van Fleet recognized the possibilities in Almond's plan and, after a five-minute discussion with Ridgway, decided to give the 187th ARCT to Almond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0242-0004", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations\nThe plan, as developed by Ridgway and Van Fleet, would have X Corps hold the CPVA in place for a few more days and prepare to counterattack on 23 May. The 2nd Infantry Division, spearheaded by a task force consisting of the armor-reinforced 187th ARCT and X Corps artillery, would advance from Hangye toward Inje, then northeasterly to Kansong to encircle and trap the retreating CPVA and NKPA and retake the ground lost by the ROKA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0243-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nAt 09:40 on 24 May, General Almond arrived by helicopter at the 187th ARCT CP at Hangye. He told General Bowen that it was critical to move out the 187th ARCT for Inje with all due speed. Almond ordered Bowen to form a battalion-strength task force to advance to the Soyang River, 15 miles (24\u00a0km) away, and establish a bridgehead; the remainder of the 187th ARCT would follow as soon as possible in motor transport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0243-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nThe 2nd Infantry Division would furnish, according to Almond\u2019s order, four half-tracks with quadruple .50 caliber heavy barrel machine guns, and not less than two tank companies for armored reinforcement. He ordered the task force, not yet formed, to jump off at noon \u2013 two hours twenty minutes later. Bowen gave command of the task force to Colonel George H. Gerhart, his executive officer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0244-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\n2/187th was the infantry battalion assigned to TF Gerhart. A company of Sherman tanks from the US 72nd Tank Battalion was already attached to the 187th ARCT and occupied indirect firing positions near Hangye. The 72nd Tank Battalion's eight remaining tanks assigned to TF Gerhart were approximately 20 miles (32\u00a0km) southeast of Hangye; the distance and the condition of the road were such that the tanks would need between three and four hours to reach Hangye, thereby making it impossible to be on hand at the appointed departure hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0244-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nThe 72nd Tank Battalion's tanks would form up with the mounted 2/187th as soon as they arrived. The rest of the 187th ARCT would follow later in the day. To speed things up, Colonel Gerhart organized a lead-out force consisting of a reconnaissance squad from the regimental Intelligence & Reconnaissance (I&R) Platoon and a combat engineer platoon from the 127th AEB.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0244-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nA platoon of four tanks from the 72nd Tank Battalion made up the TF Gerhart armored point and was directed to move forward about  3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) to a rendezvous point designated on the map as Puchaetul (Puchaedol) (modern-day Buchaedeul-gil), selected by Gerhart as the departure point for the task force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0245-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nThe hour for launching TF Gerhart passed, and the force was neither complete nor organized. About 12:30, Colonel Gerhart reached the departure point where the task force was forming. Gerhardt had sent the I&R squad and the engineers forward to search for land mines on the road, and he had obtained a company of twelve Patton tanks from the 64th Tank Battalion that would be ready to move out with the main task force body.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0245-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nGerhart ordered the lead Sherman tanks with Major Charles A. Newman, the 72nd Tank Battalion's assistant executive officer, in overall command of the armored point force, to get underway at about 13:00. About 2 miles (3.2\u00a0km) beyond the departure point, the tanks came upon the I&R squad and the engineers. The I&R squad consisted of 11 men riding in three jeeps; each jeep mounted a .30 caliber machine gun. The engineers had two 2 1/2-ton cargo trucks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0245-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nThe column was re-formed with two tanks in the lead, a jeep, two tanks, a jeep, and then the two trucks, followed by the third jeep. The column advanced another 1 mile (1.6\u00a0km) to a friendly advance outpost at Koritwi-ri (Koridwi-gol), where it halted at 14:00 while the engineers went forward to probe the road for land mines and Major Newman took time to correct faulty radio communications with the I&R squad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0246-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nArriving over the scene by helicopter, General Almond, already unhappy over the tardy start of the operation, landed to learn the reason for the halt. Major Newman explained that the column had temporarily stopped to permit a check of the road by mine detectors and to establish communications between the tanks and the I&R squad. Almond was impatient. \"I don\u2019t care about communications\u00a0!\" he said, emphasizing this by shaking his swagger stick at Newman. \"You get those tanks on the road and keep going until you hit a mine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0246-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nI want you to keep going at 20 miles (32\u00a0km) an hour.\" Newman ordered the column to move forward, instructing the tank commanders to shift to fifth gear, which would be equal to about 22 miles (35\u00a0km) an hour. The small armored point column reached Umyang-ni on the south bank of the Soyang River at 16:30 and set up a perimeter. By the time the main body of TF Gerhart arrived two hours later, Newman's armored point was in full possession of the bridge site.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0247-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nMeanwhile, General Almond had flown back south to the 187th ARCT CP at Hangye to check on the main body of TF Gerhart, which he found still forming. Standing in front of the CP tent was Major James H. Spann of the 72nd Tank Battalion who had been left behind to contact and guide forward the rest of the battalion's tanks when they arrived. Almond, in rapid succession, asked Major Spann to what outfit he belonged, why the tanks weren\u2019t moving, and the name of his battalion commander.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0247-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nAlmond replied when Spann had answered these questions, \"to get that tank column moving whether the tanks have infantry support or not.\" In the meantime, Colonel Gerhart had formed the elements of his task force in their relative positions in the column and had moved the column onto the road. Before Major Spann could relay Almond\u2019s order through Lieutenant Colonel Elbridge Brubaker, the 72nd Tank Battalion's commanding officer, it reached Gerhart through his own staff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0247-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nGerhart then told the commander of the assigned Sherman tank company to disregard the task force organization and to get the tanks up the road to the Soyang River as fast as possible. The tanks, however, were intermingled with 2 1/2-ton trucks, half-tracks, and jeeps throughout the task force column, and it was not possible to immediately separate the tanks from the rest of the column. After spending considerable time jockeying tanks and other vehicles around in the column, a platoon of tanks succeeded in separating and was sent along to join the tank platoon leading the armored point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0247-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nBy late afternoon, TF Gerhart had fought its way 13 miles (21\u00a0km) through enemy defenses along the road ridges to Morumegi (Molmegi) (modern-day Morubak-gil), about 2 miles (3.2\u00a0km) south of the Soyang River, and joined up in the point force perimeter at 18:30. 2/187th remained there in bridgehead defense until 26 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0248-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nLate on 24 May, with TF Gerhart occupying the lower bank of the Soyang River at Umyang-ni, General Almond issued orders for the US 23rd Infantry Regiment to move up on the morning of 25 May, pass through TF Gerhart, throw a treadway bridge over the river, and seize Inje in order to block large CPVA concentrations that aerial observers had sighted withdrawing up the Pungam-ni-Hyon-ni-Inje road ahead of the pursuing US 38th Infantry Regiment. On the morning of 26 May, after the 23rd Infantry established the Soyang River bridge, TF Gerhart and the remainder of the 187th ARCT were to assemble under corps control just south of Umyang-ni for a rapid drive to seize Kansong on the coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0249-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nOn the morning of 25 May, the remainder of the 187th ARCT, in motor transport with 3/187th leading, began its move up the Hangye-Inje road. CPVA were dug in on the high ground along the route of advance. As the lead vehicles of the motorized column passed, CPVA would emerge from camouflaged foxholes, throw grenades, and retreat back under cover, knocking out vehicles that had to be pushed off the road to keep the column moving. K/187th deployed two rifle platoons to clear the high ground of CPVA at least 200 yards (180\u00a0m) deep.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0249-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nHundreds of CPVA died in their foxholes as K/187th probed the ground with fixed bayonets. With the hazard close to the road removed, the column progressed slowly forward at about 1 or 2 miles (1.6 or 3.2\u00a0km) an hour. As the terrain flattened out, the area had to be cleared on both sides of the road. I/187th used two rifle platoons to clear the area between the road and the river. Enemy defenses stiffened as the 187th ARCT closed on the CPVA supply base at Inje, receiving mortar, artillery, and automatic-weapons fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0249-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nCPVA fire knocked out several tanks on the road, but the other tanks pushed them aside. The 187th ARCT closed up with TF Gerhart by late evening on 25 May. That evening, General Bowen called Lieutenant Colonel Rye Mausert, who had replaced Lieutenant Colonel Munson as 3/187th's commanding officer, to the regimental CP and issued him orders to move out at dawn to clear the single-lane road that ran along the bank of the Soyang River that cut through the hills to Inje. Later that night, CPVA ambushed a supply and ammunition vehicle convoy moving up behind the infantry column.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0250-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nEarly on the morning of 26 May, 3/187th moved out with K/187th deployed along the high ground for flank security. As the column moved slowly along the narrow roadway, the point ran into a sizable CPVA roadblock. 3/187th attacked in force, killing and capturing many of the Chinese. The battalion moved a few miles farther up the road and ran into another strong CPVA defensive position. K/187th began taking heavy casualties. Lieutenant Colonel Mausert directed I/187th to pass through K/187th and take the CPVA position holding up the advance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0250-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nSupported by the heavy weapons platoons from both rifle companies and M/187th's fire support, I/187th assaulted the ridge, clearing it of CPVA. I/187th's 1st Platoon, riding on tanks, reached the outskirts of Inje just before dark; it had taken over ten hours to fight up 10 miles (16\u00a0km) of road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0251-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nThe next morning, CPVA attacked from the high ground. K/187th, with I/187th in reserve, was ordered to clear and hold the high ground. In taking the high ground, K/187th repelled three CPVA attacks, leaving only a hill summit to their front in CPVA hands. I/187th was directed to take up the attack. At the same time, G/187th mounted tanks and rode up the road until forced by intense fire to dismount and fight on foot. Hills dominated the left side of the road and the Soyang River was on the right.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0251-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nG/187th neared a river ford just beyond Kwandae-ri (Gwandae-ri) and started across with 2nd Platoon in the lead. 2nd Platoon secured the high ground on the riverbank as the remainder of G/187th waded ashore and moved on north up the road. Finally, the tanks crossed the ford and the attack continued ahead. Without the protection of the hills, G/187th began taking heavy casualties. F/187th continued the attack through G/187th, deploying in line and sweeping forward to clear the hills to the front.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0251-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\n2/187th moved forward into the low hills east of the Soyang River and set up a defensive position for the night. At sunup on 28 May, 3/187th, supported by the quad-50 half-tracks of A Battery, 88th AAAB, continued the attack up the western side of the Soyang River. While 3/187th cleared the western side of the river along the primary road, 2/187th recrossed the river to the west side across a man-made rock footway. After reaching the road, 2/187th turned north and assumed the point of the 187th ARCT advance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0252-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nOn 29 May, G/187th attacked Hill 420 at Wontong-ni. CPVA artillery, located about 1,000 yards (910\u00a0m) behind the hill, had been shelling G/187th since daybreak. G/187th's leading 3rd Platoon crested Hill 420's summit with little opposition and destroyed the CPVA position on the reverse slope, but began taking on heavy fire from another knoll. 3rd Platoon was then caught in the open by a strong CPVA counterattack. The paratroopers organized in the face of the CPVA fire and managed to hold position; G/187th would be forced to hold Hill 420 for four days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0252-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nJust before midnight, 3rd Platoon was struck by another CPVA attack, followed by two more before daylight on 30 May. With nothing but machine guns, rifles, and grenades, 3rd Platoon held its position on the knoll. During the night of 30\u201331 May, G/187th was repeatedly attacked by CPVA so often that 3/187th was running short of ammunition. Resupply came forward just in time to fend off another assault.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0253-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nAt 02:00 on 31 May, CPVA stormed 3rd Platoon frontally and 1st Platoon on the left flank of Hill 420. PFC Carl M. Hamrick occupied a foxhole with Corporal Rodolfo P. Hernandez on the forward slope of the sector of Hill 420 occupied by 3rd Platoon, G/187th. According to Hamrick, the CPVA attacked with artillery, mortars, and automatic weapons. The attack was aimed directly at the sector where Hamrick and Hernandez occupied their foxhole. The CPVA massed just beyond a drop-off on the slope, about 25 yards (23\u00a0m) from their position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0253-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nAs the CPVA charged up the slope, 3rd Platoon opened up with machine-gun and small-arms fire. A fierce hand grenade battle ensued in which both Hamrick and Hernandez were wounded. A 3rd Platoon machine gun position was knocked out of action and several men on both sides of Hamrick's and Hernandez's position began to withdraw. The CPVA fire grew heavier as Hamrick and Hernandez continued to return fire with their rifles until Hernandez's rifle jammed. Without a word, Hernandez jumped out of the foxhole and charged the CPVA with his jammed rifle, bayonet fixed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0253-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nHe threw hand grenades as he disappeared in the darkness. At daybreak, Hernandez was found about 25 yards (23\u00a0m) in front of the foxhole. He was lying head to head with a dead CPVA soldier. There were four other dead CPVA in the immediate vicinity. All of the dead CPVA had deep bayonet wounds in their upper bodies. Hernandez was badly wounded and unconscious and was evacuated to the rear. Hernandez survived his injuries and was awarded the Medal of Honor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0254-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nAlong the route to Inje, 1/187th fought the same determined CPVA forces that faced 2/187th and 3/187th, suffering 11 KIA and over 40 WIA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0255-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nAt month\u2019s end, EUSAK had made rapid progress against the demoralized Reds. The US I Corps had easily advanced north of Seoul to Munsan-ni and Uijongbu, while the US IX and X Corps had converged toward Hwachon to cut off Red troops. EUSAK would regain the line just north of the 38th Parallel, around the towns of Hwachon and Inje. The UNC counterattack would be halted by the Chinese and a subsequent offensive stand-down would begin the stalemate that lasted until the armistice of 1953. The 187th ARCT had suffered severely - 286 KIA or WIA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0255-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nGeneral Almond pulled the 187th ARCT out of its hard-won positions near Inje and moved them to a rear area near Wonju. By early June, General Bowen received orders to move the 187th ARCT from Korea to Japan, where, in proximity to USAF troop carrier bases and transport aircraft, the paratroopers would remain in EUSAK reserve, ready to mount another airborne operation in short order to reinforce the troops in Korea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0256-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nAs the first year of the Korean War was coming to an end, South Korea had been cleared of the CPVA and NKPA and UNC forces had pushed north of the 38th Parallel. On 23 June, in a radio address delivered in New York City, Jacob A. Malik, deputy foreign commissar of the Soviet Union and its delegate to the UN, suggested that the time had come for a peaceful solution to the Korean problem. Calling for negotiations between representatives of the UNC and the CPVA/NKPA, Malik stated \"The Soviet peoples believe that as the first step, discussions should be started between the belligerents for a ceasefire and an armistice providing for mutual withdrawal of forces from the 38th Parallel.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0257-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Bloody Inje and Wontong-ni\nOn 27 July, Colonel Thomas J. H. Trapnell replaced General Bowen as the Rakkasans' commanding officer. On 5 October, Colonel Trapnell became Brigadier General Trapnell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 102], "content_span": [103, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0258-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Return to Japan\nThe 187th ARCT had been severely bloodied during its tour in Korea \u2013 two combat parachute jumps followed by weeks of sometimes savage, close-quarters combat in bitter cold and rain over steep, rocky ridges and hills against an enemy capable of seemingly endless replacement. The paratroopers gladly welcomed the order to leave Korea, return to Japan, set up camp, train replacements, prepare to return to battle by parachute, and remain EUSAK's reserve. Life in Japan consisted of training, jump school, parachute jumps at various camps, and nightlife in town. At the Camp Hakata jump school, the golf course was the DZ, and the golfers would have to wait while the paratroopers dropped onto the DZ. The small jump school shortly began parachute training for the Japanese Army Self-Defense Force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 91], "content_span": [92, 888]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0259-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nKoje-do is a rocky, hilly island in the Korea Strait 30 miles (48\u00a0km) southwest of Pusan. In June 1952, Koje-do Island was the location of United Nations Prisoner of War Camp No. 1. From its beginning in 1951, the prisoner-of-war camp produced nothing but problems for the UNC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0260-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nThe camp consisted of four enclosures, each divided into eight compounds, with each compound designed to hold up to 1,200 prisoners. It was grossly overcrowded; by May 1952, around 150,000 NKPA/CPVA POWs and civilian internees were held in an area designed for 38,400, living in a mix of squad tents, Quonset huts, and great, flat one-story buildings with corrugated sheet metal roofs. High barbed wire fences surrounded the square compounds with sentry towers at each corner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0260-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nThe camp administrators carefully carried out the principles of the 1949 Geneva Conventions regarding POW rights and the International Red Cross frequently inspected the camp. Tunnels linked all the surrounding compounds and messages were openly sent between compounds by wigwagging or hurled by rocks from compound to compound. Amazingly, each compound was permitted to have a metalworking shop, prisoners were issued gasoline to start fires, and gates and sally ports were left unlocked to facilitate work details entering and leaving more easily. Guards were kept out of the grossly dangerous compounds after dark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0261-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nThere were constant clashes between pro- and anti-Communist factions. It was known that General Nam Il, the NKPA High Command's Chief of Staff and the Communists' chief delegate at the Panmunjom armistice talks, had infiltrated NKPA fifth columnists into the camp to plan, organize, and stage incidents and murder uncooperative POWs and civilians. As early as June 1951, violence became the norm in the camp when several NKPA officers in Compound 76, the POW headquarters, protested having to dig latrines and garbage pits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0261-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nWhen a ROKA guard detail entered the compound, the prisoners stoned the guards and the soldiers opened fire, killing three prisoners. Two months later, a prisoner demonstration left eight dead and 21 wounded. In September, a pro-Communist POW \"kangaroo court\" ordered 15 of their own executed. Mass riots required UNC troops to rush in and save some 200 POWs whose lives were in danger. In October, in the face of increasing tension in the camp, General Van Fleet activated the 8137th Army Unit Military Police Group to assist the prison security forces in policing the camp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0261-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nIn November, a battalion of the US 23rd Infantry Regiment was added to supplement the security force. By December, more than 9,000 US and ROKA troops were guarding the camp; this was still some 6,000 fewer than the number requested by the US 2nd Logistical Command in charge of all POW camps. On 18 December, a fight broke out between compounds, followed by demonstrations and riots that left 14 dead and 24 injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0262-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nOn 18 February 1952, over 1,000 inmates fought the 3rd Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment that was providing security for teams screening POWs to extricate and release South Korean civilian conscripts, estimated to number around 38,000, who had been swept up with the NKPA. Fifty-five POWs were killed that day, 22 died later, and 140 were injured. One American was killed and 38 were wounded. On 23 February, the North Korean and Chinese delegations at Panmunjom protested against the \"sanguinary incident of barbarously massacring large numbers of our personnel.\" The Reds managed the news to the extent that, thereafter, the camp became a prison run by the inmates, while the guards could do nothing more than stay outside the wire, under orders not to use force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 849]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0263-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nOn 8 April, the UNC began screening POWs to determine those who did not wish to return to North Korea or China. Because of this screening, carefully planned violence by the POW leaders escalated to savage proportions. Two days later, when medics went into a compound to retrieve a wounded man, they were surrounded by a wave of prisoners and taken hostage. Brigadier General Francis T. Dodd, the camp commandant, rescued them by sending in a hundred unarmed ROKA troops. The pro-Communist POWs continued to forcibly resist the screening with mass demonstrations and riots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0263-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nGeneral Van Fleet warned General Ridgway that the screening could continue only by forced entry. The Communist prisoners and the UNC appeared to have reached a stalemate; the former had interior control of the compounds, but could not get out without violence; and the latter had exterior control, but could not get in without violence. With the cancellation of forced screening, the UNC indicated that it was willing to accept the status quo rather than initiate another wave of bloodshed in the camp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0264-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nThe lack of discipline and anarchy reached a climax on 7 May when General Dodd, after talking to a group of prisoners through the wire, was grabbed and dragged into Compound 76. When Van Fleet got word of the incident, he sent Brigadier General Charles F. Colson, I Corps Chief of Staff, to take command of the camp and inform the prisoners that Dodd no longer was in command and could make no decisions. To further bolster his forces, Van Fleet sent the 3rd Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment to Koje-do. During the night of 9\u201310 May, 20 Patton tanks, five equipped with flamethrowers, arrived on Koje-do and were brought into position. Dodd was finally freed on 10 May. On Dodd's release, Brigadier General Haydon L. Boatner took over command of the camp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 839]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0265-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nThe time had finally arrived to put down the revolt in the compounds. In the early hours of 16 May, orders arrived at the 187th ARCT CP at Camp Chickamauga near Beppu, Japan for General Trapnell to move his regiment to Koje-do. At the same time, Major General Chester E. McCarty was notified that the 315th Air Division would airlift the 187th to Pusan, beginning that afternoon. General McCarty and his staff left Tachikawa Air Base for Ashiya Air Base. General Trapnell and his staff also flew to Ashiya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0265-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nTogether, the generals and their staffs, along with Colonel Maurice F. Casey, 403rd TCW commanding officer, set up a joint CP at Ashiya. The 187th moved out of its training areas and barracks at Camps Chickamauga and Wood in some haste. In an outstanding example of \"off-the-cuff\" unit movement by air, the 315th Air Division's C\u2013119s, C\u201347s, and C\u201346s were marshaled for airlifting the 187th and its combat equipment, vehicles, and supplies from Ashiya and Brady Air Bases to Pusan East Airfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0265-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nAlerted at 09:00 hours on 16 May, the last of 160 transport aircraft landed at Pusan at noon on 17 May, taking only 17 hours to move 2,361 troops and 889.1 tons of equipment to South Korea in what airlift historian Annis G. Thompson termed \"the fastest and most efficient air combat move of the entire war.\" The paratroopers assumed they were going to make another combat jump; they were displeased when, at Pusan, they were issued a basic ammunition load and shoved aboard LSTs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0265-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nThey learned that their target was the POW compounds at Koje-do on the overnight trip by water. The 187th arrived at Koje-do and unloaded from the LSTs, mounted up in motor transport, and drove through a series of dirt streets surrounded by the POW compounds. One A/187th rifleman's first impression of Koje-do was one of indignation \u2013 all the compounds were flying North Korean, Chinese Communist, and Russian flags; the barbed wire fences were strung with written epithets in English, and in each compound, the inmates had constructed a reviewing stand complete with prominent Red Stars. The POWs postured, marched, sang Communist songs, and practiced their own form of bayonet drill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0266-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nDuring the next month, the 187th established itself on Koje-do in battalion areas some distance from the POW compounds. Then the paratroopers got into the construction business. Relieving the 38th Infantry, they began a mission of breaking up the 4,000-to-6,000-man compounds into smaller, more controllable units. To accomplish this, they first built 2,000-man compounds divided into four sections holding no more than 500 prisoners each. The sections that came under 187th control were Compounds 76, 77, 78, 80, and a female compound, totaling some 20,000 NKPA and CPVA prisoners. Compound 76 was the headquarters of the POWs on Koje-do.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0266-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nTo block the view inside the compound, the prisoners began hanging blankets on the barbed wire fences, which the 187th paratroopers burned with flamethrowers. The POW leader complained to the Red Cross, but no more blankets were issued. The 187th would quell rioting and disturbances in the various compounds with tear-gas grenades that, because of their long-burning fuses, were sometimes picked up and thrown back by the prisoners. When the 187th received a shipment of fast-burning tear-gas grenades and used them, the prisoners grabbed them as usual, with the grenades exploding in their hands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0267-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nDuring the weeks that the 187th had been on Koje-do, they had been gathering intelligence concerning the prisoners and their armaments. It was known that they had been saving their gasoline, storing it inside their buildings, and making Molotov cocktails for use against the guards. They had homemade knives and spears. They had dug a trench network inside and outside the tents and buildings. They were prepared to resist a takeover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0268-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nBy 9 June, the 187th was ready to move the prisoners from Compound 76 to the new, smaller compounds. General Trapnell\u2019s OPLAN called for 3/187th to face the compound's entrance; 2/187th would support from the rear of the compound; and 1/187th would enter by force, if necessary, to move the 6,400 prisoners to the new area. On the afternoon of 9 June, General Boatner notified the POW commander that the transfer would take place the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0269-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nAt 06:00 on 10 June, the 187th took up its planned positions around Compound 76. General Boatner summoned the POW commander to the main gate and ordered him to have all his men put down their weapons, form into 150-man groups for the transfer, and sit on the ground with their hands on their heads, prepared for movement to the new compound. He refused. Boatner gave him a 30-minute ultimatum to form up the prisoners. Long after the 30 minutes had elapsed, the prisoners had still refused to comply. The 187th moved in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0270-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nOn order, tear-gas and concussion grenades were lobbed over the wire. The 127th AEB\u2019s engineers had cut a hole in the wire for 1/187th to breach the compound. A/187th moved forward and made the initial breakthrough. When the Rakkasans moved through the wire, the prisoners took their positions in trenches, ready to resist. Others retreated to tent and barracks fortifications. Many were carrying spears made from tent poles with attached metal knives; the spears were 4 to 6 feet (1.2 to 1.8\u00a0m) long with blades up to 15 inches (38\u00a0cm). Others carried flails made from barbed wire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0270-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nThey had contrived homemade gas masks with eyepieces made from cigarette packages and filters made from tin cans filled with sugar and charcoal. The prisoners reacted frantically, throwing spears, Molotov cocktails, and rocks at the advancing Americans. They ignited hidden gasoline caches stored in the tents and huts, setting the compound ablaze.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0271-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\n1/187th pushed through to the first trench line located 10 feet (3.0\u00a0m) inside the wire. A group of prisoners was spotted running into a tent that was ordered to be destroyed with flamethrowers. At this point, a prisoner speared a flamethrower carrier in the groin; he died before he could be evacuated from the compound. Another paratrooper seized the flamethrower and the 1/187th line moved to the first row of tents. The tents were well dug in with long, corrugated metal-roofed sunken burrows with 3 feet (0.91\u00a0m) high mud and stone walls behind them. These were the strong points from which the prisoners made their most determined stand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0272-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nPrisoners were thick in the tents and trenches surrounding them. They stabbed at the paratroopers with their spears and threw Molotov cocktails amid the moving squads. Retaliating with thermite hand grenades and flamethrowers, the tents were soon on fire. The paratroopers drove or dragged the  screaming, slashing, and fighting prisoners out of the trenches; they pulled approximately 200 prisoners from the first tent. As quickly as they were subdued, the prisoners were moved to the rear and herded into the new enclosures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0273-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nMeanwhile, 2/187th had moved into Compound 76 from the rear and had forced thousands of shouting, screaming prisoners into a huge, tightly massed mob. Within about 10 minutes, the 187th halted their advance at the center of the compound, and flamethrowing tanks moved in behind the infantry line. The Rakkasans could see prisoners who tried to surrender being murdered by the camp leaders. Finally, after about two hours, the 187th gained control of the compound. The prisoners threw down their arms and walked to the gates to be moved to the new areas. They were herded out of Compound 76, stripped naked, and stuffed into open semi-trailers with wire mesh stretched over the tops. At the new compound, they were issued new uniforms and a rice bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0274-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nThe POWs suffered 31 killed, half by their own officers, and 139 wounded. The 187th lost one man and suffered 13 injured. After the burned-out, filthy compound was cleared, the 187th found 1,000 Molotov cocktails, 3,000 metal-tipped spears, 4.500 knives, thousands of dollars in currency, a working telegraph set, and mockups of rifles and machine guns. In an isolated part of the compound, they found the bodies of more than 50 anti-Communist prisoners who had been executed and thrown down wells. They found another 100 bodies in unmarked shallow graves. They also found plans for a POW breakout and the seizure on Koje-do Island, set for 20 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0275-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nThe next morning, the 187th deployed to Compound 78, ready and armed to clear that compound. The prisoners had witnessed the previous day\u2019s onslaught and decided that peaceful surrender was the better course of action. General Trapnell gave the 6,000 prisoners a half-hour to form up and move out. After returning to their tents to gather personal effects, they peacefully complied on time. When the 187th searched the compound\u2019s headquarters and mess areas, they found that every desk drawer, file cabinet, and scores of pots and pans on the still hot stoves were loaded with human excrement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0276-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nThe epitaph to the 187th\u2019s Koje-do deployment was a Life magazine cover a couple of weeks after the burndown and reestablishment of UNC control over the POW camp: the cover pictured Major David Korn, the 187th\u2019s Intelligence Officer, holding Colonel Lee Hak Ku by the hair of his head amid the carnage of Compound 76. Colonel Lee had been found cowering in a ditch, disguised as a female, before capture. Lee, who had expected to be killed, was placed in solitary confinement for the remainder of his imprisonment on Koje-do.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0277-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Koje-do\nKoje-do was \"mission accomplished\" for the 187th ARCT. But it was not back to Japan for the Rakkasans. It was back to Korea and the defensive line near the Iron Triangle with a new commanding officer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0278-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nAfter Koje-do, the 187th returned to South Korea and established a base of operations near Taegu Airfield. On 29 July 1952, Colonel William C. Westmoreland flew into Taegu to replace General Trapnell as the 187th ARCT's commanding officer. At this time, 1/187th was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Russell E. Whetstone, 2/187th by Major Charles M. Holland, 3/187th by Lieutenant Colonel Dow S. Grones, and the 674th AFAB by Lieutenant Colonel Stuart M. Seaton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0279-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nWhen he joined the 187th ARCT, Colonel Westmoreland had more than 50 parachute jumps to his credit (he had commanded the 504th PIR, 82nd Airborne Division, in 1946 and 1947, but had not jumped in more than a year). On 30 July, one day after assuming command of the 187th ARCT, he participated in a training jump with one of his infantry battalions. He made a point to jump with each of the battalions. His second jump almost cost him his life. Westmoreland later recalled that he made a poor exit from the aircraft and his parachute failed to open. He finally succeeded in shaking the parachute loose, allowing it to fill with air and blossom about 300 feet (91\u00a0m) above the ground. \"I should have pulled my reserve chute. I had flirted needlessly with death.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 850]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0280-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nOn 4 August, the Rakkasans moved north to the Chipo-ri marshaling area in preparation for movement up to the front line. On 8 August, Colonel Westmoreland, his staff, and the battalion commanders were briefed on the 187th ARCT's new mission at the 17th Infantry Regiment's CP. The OPLAN called for the 187th to secretly relieve the 17th Infantry in place above Changnim-ni in the Iron Triangle. The purpose of the secrecy was to prevent the CPVA/NKPA from knowing that the 187th ARCT was on the front line as a ground unit and not an airborne threat to their rear areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0280-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nAll identifying unit patches and traces of unit designation were removed from their uniforms, vehicles, and equipment. The 17th Infantry screened the 187th ARCT's movement to the deployment areas selected by Westmoreland. The paratroopers came on line in the vicinity of the Hantan-gang River-Namdae-chon River valley area on the central front. The 187th ARCT settled into defensive positions for the next two months.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0281-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nThe UNC war of maneuver was over for the most part in Korea. Neither the 187th ARCT nor any other UNC unit was allowed to conduct more than limited offensive operations to gain control of dominating terrain, deny the CPVA or NKPA the use of forward OPs, capture prisoners, and keep their opponents off guard. Many of the 17th Infantry's positions inherited by the 187th were poorly sited and considered indefensible by Colonel Westmoreland. He adjusted and pushed out his lines, straightening bulges and covering avenues of approach. He also ordered platoon-sized combat patrols and raiding parties to strike enemy positions across the valley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0282-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nThe 674th AFAB was deployed in firing battery order behind the 187th ARCT MLR, in direct support of the infantry battalions. Each rifle company had an artillery forward observer (FO) at an OP in a forward position from which the FO could see the terrain in front of the infantry and observe the enemy lines across the valley. The FO had a Battery Command (BC) Periscope used for both forward observation and measurement of angles of sight and azimuth for artillery fire, in addition to a 40X magnification spotting scope through which he could examine enemy positions in detail. The FOs were in direct radio contact with the 674th fire direction center (FDC) and each other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 764]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0283-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nEarly on the morning of 14 August, the 674th's A Battery FO team in support of C/187th was on duty in the team's OP bunker observing the valley to its front through the BC scope when it observed what appeared to be a 187th combat patrol walking near a known CPVA position in the vicinity of a preplanned artillery concentration point. C/187th's company commander was radioed about the patrol's location and the FDC was given the concentration point number. The patrol was observed walking back toward friendly lines when hundreds of CPVA suddenly ran out to cut them off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0283-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nThe FDC was given the order for the 674th's three firing batteries to fire for effect on the preplanned concentration point. The artillery rounds landed squarely on the CPVA, stopping them in place. This gave the American patrol, now identified as belonging to A/187th, time to start running toward the 187th's lines, and putting them squarely in the path of another group of CPVA trying to trap them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0284-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nSmoke and debris from the exploding artillery shells obscured the view from the FO bunker and visual contact was lost with the A/187th patrol. Without visual confirmation of the patrol's location, a ceasefire order was about to be given when a voice, later identified as that of Corporal Lester Hammond, the patrol's radio operator, came over the infantry radio net in the FO bunker. Hammond said \"Keep firing. Your shells are landing right on them. I can see Chinese all over. There are many dead. You killed a lot. Keep firing.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0284-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nThe FO passed the order to the FDC to keep firing, that the FO had radio contact with the patrol, and that the fire was effective. Hammond now called for several adjustments that were passed to the FDC. The artillery rounds now began cracking over the OP in rapid order as they traveled downrange to their targets. Hammond reported that he was shot in the leg but he continued to adjust the artillery fire. Within 15 minutes, the infantry radio net went silent. Hammond was no longer transmitting and he wasn't responding to calls from the FO bunker. It wasn't known if the CPVA were too close and he didn't want to reveal his position, or if he was KIA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0285-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nNow, other groups of CPVA were running toward the scene of the battle, so the FO started directing artillery fire at them, splitting the 674th's three firing batteries. Still concerned about the lost A/187th patrol and Corporal Hammond's silence, the FO was about to request a ceasefire in that area when Hammond's voice again came over the infantry radio net, very weakly, saying \"Keep shooting...the Chinese are all over...I can see hundreds dead,\" and then it faded out again. The FO could hear artillery shells exploding very close to Hammond when he pressed the radio's microphone button.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0285-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nThe FO continued to call in artillery knowing Hammond was hurt. Hammond's weak voice was heard again calling for an adjustment that the FO thought would result in the shells landing on him. Hammond's next words were to the effect, \"Don't argue with me. Shift fire. The Chinese will kill me anyway.\" He was asked if the rest of the A/187th patrol was near him. Hammond replied that he was alone. His last words were \"For God's sake, keep firing.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0285-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nThe FO had a tough decision to make \u2013 shift fire onto Hammond's position and probably kill him, but save the lives of others, or not shift fire and maybe save Hammond, but lose the patrol. The decision was made to shift fire as Hammond requested. There was no response from Hammond after the artillery fire was shifted onto his position. Corporal Lester Hammond was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for giving the ultimate sacrifice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0286-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nLieutenant Colonel Whetstone, 1/187th's commanding officer, arrived at the OP to set up a C/187th relief force to find the A/187th patrol and bring it back. Shortly thereafter, Colonel Westmoreland appeared. More CPVA were spotted along the valley floor. The FO adjusted the firing batteries as targets came into view. From the valley, the relief force reported many CPVA dead and some \"seemingly disorganized and disoriented.\" Later that day, the relief force made contact with the lost A/187th patrol and recovered Corporal Hammond's body. As the relief force was withdrawing, the CPVA attacked. At one time, six fire missions were being conducted on six separate targets, using the 674th's three 105mm firing batteries, 155mm howitzers from Corps Artillery, and 4.2-inch and 81mm mortars from several 187th units. CPVA counter-battery fire whistled over the OP and landed in the rear.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 977]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0287-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nThe battle raged on throughout the afternoon with the CPVA trying to block the escape of the C/187th relief force and the A/187th patrol. The FO called for 4.2-inch mortar fire on a CPVA-occupied hill to his front. Unfortunately, the mortar crews were out of high explosive rounds. The mortar crews were directed to fire whatever they had \u2013 \"smoke, flares, or anything you got.\" The FO checked the area through his BC scope and saw hundreds of CPVA swarming over the hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0287-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nWhen the mortar smoke rounds landed, CPVA near the smoke halted since they knew from past experience that smoke usually preceded an airstrike. But no airstrike had been planned. Suddenly, all the CPVA stopped and squatted, knelt in place, or laid down. The FO saw a lone F\u201351 fighter-bomber descending out of the sky in a dive-bombing position. It released a bomb that landed on the CPVA in the white smoke area, causing the CPVA to turn and run back toward their own caves in complete panic. Later that afternoon, the C/187th relief force and the five surviving members of the A/187th patrol came back safely to friendly lines, carrying Corporal Hammond's body.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0288-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nTwo days later, it was revealed that Corps Artillery had planned an airstrike deep in the Kumhwa Valley with the target identified by white smoke from a 155mm howitzer. The F\u201351 pilot missed the 155mm smoke round, dropped his bomb load on the 187th's 4.2-inch mortar smoke round, and saved the day for 1/187th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0289-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nDuring this period of limited offensive operations, EUSAK directed all units along the line to capture CPVA soldiers for their intelligence value. The 187th ARCT's S-3 (Operations) staff devised a plan to send a liaison aircraft over CPVA lines, have it develop engine trouble, have the pilot bail out, then have the aircraft fly over a hill and crash  on the other side, out of sight of the CPVA lines. It was hoped that the CPVA would exit their caves to capture the pilot. With Colonel Westmoreland's enthusiastic approval, it fell on the Aviation Officer and the regimental I&R Platoon to implement the scam. They built a dummy and cannibalized an abandoned aircraft from the 7th Infantry Division's airstrip for parts to build a smoke screen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 837]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0290-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nAt midnight on 28 September, the I&R Platoon slipped out through friendly lines in squads five minutes apart and followed an abandoned aqueduct toward a CPVA-occupied hill. The I&R Platoon arrived at a small grove about 200 yards (180\u00a0m) from the base of the hill and took up watch positions throughout the day. At about 17:00, the I&R Platoon heard the liaison aircraft in the distance. CPVA on another hill took it under fire. Suddenly, the plane belched a cloud of white smoke, spun earthward, then leveled off and glided over the I&R Platoon's position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0290-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nThe dummy pilot was thrown out, its parachute popped open, and came to rest about 600 yards (550\u00a0m) away from the American position. The plane wobbled out of sight behind a hill and the engineers set off an explosion with a barrel filled with napalm. The I&R Platoon waited in hiding. Soon, about two squads of CPVA came down a trail. The Rakkasans held their fire until the last minute, then the entire platoon opened up. It was over in seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0290-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nWhen the order was given to cease fire, they had captured one wounded CPVA and immediately set out to return to their own lines, under covering fire from E/187th as they crossed the valley. Unfortunately, the CPVA prisoner died long the way. Colonel Westmoreland met the I&R Platoon behind the forward lines and congratulated them on the almost successful ruse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0291-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nThe 187th ARCT was pulled off the line, moved to an airfield north of Seoul, and restored to its original airborne unit designation with the return of its unit insignia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0292-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nThe Rakkasans' last mission on its second tour in Korea involved a part in Operation FEINT, designed to lure CPVA/NKPA forces into the open, making them easier targets for airstrikes, naval gunfire, and artillery barrages. According to the OPLAN, EUSAK would \"go through the motions\" of preparing for a major offensive to link up with an amphibious landing over the beaches at Kojo on North Korea's east coast. The 187th ARCT would theoretically make a combat jump somewhere in the vicinity of the amphibious landing. Each battalion made a practice jump.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0292-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\n1/187th hit the Taegu DZ in good order, occupied a nearby village, marched 5 miles (8.0\u00a0km), and boarded motor transport for the ride back to the airfield. High winds canceled the second day's jump. On the third day, the jump went as scheduled with the exception of a 3/4-ton weapons carrier that dropped without the restraint of parachutes. For the next two days, the 187th ARCT was confined in barbed wire enclosures around their tent city near Taegu, with no visitors or native laborers allowed in camp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0292-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Subsequent Operations, Kumhwa Valley\nOn the fourth day of their isolation, the Kojo beachhead was pummeled by airstrikes. On 15 October, the US Navy launched mock amphibious landings along the east coast. The C\u201346s and C\u2013119s, with only their flight crews aboard, flew over the mock DZ and headed out to sea. Waves of fighter-bombers then hit the area. All in all, enemy reaction was minimal. EUSAK called off the operation and Operation FEINT lived up to its designation. That night, C\u2013124s began lifting the 187th ARCT back to its home bases in Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 89], "content_span": [90, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0293-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nWhen they returned from Korea to Camps Chickamauga, Wood, and Kashii on Kyushu, they found their noncombat gear and personal effects about as they had left them in their barracks and footlockers. The 187th ARCT's mission, that of theater reserve, required that they remained in a state of readiness for rapid deployment back to Korea by parachute or other means.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0293-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nThis mission complemented Colonel Westmoreland's training schedule, intended not only to keep the Rakkasans sharp in individual and unit combat skills, but also to wear them down so that by nightfall they had little energy left to search for off-post diversions. He ordered a stop to overnight passes that caused a momentary wave of complaints, but morale in the 187th ARCT reflected Westmoreland's concern for his soldiers, and their realization that his orders did not mean he was their antagonist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0294-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nColonel Westmoreland was promoted to brigadier general on 7 November 1952 at the age of 38, making him one of the youngest US Army generals in the post-World War II era. The winter and spring of 1952\u20131953 was a period when General Westmoreland sharpened the 187th ARCT to a fine edge of military perfection and combat readiness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0294-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nThe paratroopers had always been proud and tough, believing that \"legs,\" soldiers who were not in Airborne units that wore their dress uniform trousers with an unbroken front seam down to \"low quarter\" dress shoes rather than soldiers who were in jump-status Airborne units that bloused the legs of their dress uniforms into \"jump boots,\" a boot that was  part of the Airborne tradition, were in a lower caste on the military scale. But in the Westmoreland period, he glazed the 187th with a new patina of the martial way of life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0294-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nThey were inspected in ranks at morning formation, had their barracks and lockers checked daily, paraded sometimes once a week, and, on occasion, stood full field inspections with their personal gear precisely laid out in front of their carefully aligned pup tents. Westmoreland saw to it that their parachuting proficiency, physical fitness, and combined arms skills were as sharp as their soldiering expertise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0295-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nInitially, parachute training jumps were limited in size, sometimes using just a single aircraft. At Camp Wood, an open field adjacent to the camp served as both an airfield and a DZ. A C\u201347 would arrive, take on a load of paratroopers, take off, make a pass over the field, drop the paratroopers, land, pick up another planeload, and repeat the process. Later, the jumps at Ashiya Air Base expanded into battalion-size and larger tactical maneuvers. One such jump was an airborne maneuver near Mount Fuji in the spring of 1953. Thirteen C\u2013119s delivered a reinforced infantry company in a three-hour, nonstop flight from Ashiya and dropped the paratroopers on the slopes of the snow-covered, 13,090 feet (3,990\u00a0m) mountain. It was the first time paratroopers of any nation had ever jumped on the slopes of the sacred Japanese mountain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 922]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0296-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nMeanwhile, the war in Korea continued to fluctuate back and forth along the front lines up near the 38th Parallel. On 28 May 1953, while truce talks were again taking place at Panmunjom after a six-month hiatus, US hopes for an armistice faded when the CPVA launched a powerful offensive along the entire truce line that forced the US 25th Infantry Division to withdraw from five hilltop outposts east of Panmunjom. The main thrust of the offensive occurred on 10 June against the ROKA positions at the Kumsong Salient.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0296-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nUnder overwhelming force, several ROKA divisions wavered, broke, and ran, leaving large holes in the defensive line. Lieutenant General Maxwell D. Taylor, who had assumed command of EUSAK on 11 February, filled the gap with reserve divisions and stabilized the front by 18 June. Even so, he wanted additional forces from theater reserve deployed along the line \u2013 this meant, among others, the 187th ARCT in Japan. On 19 June, the alert order went out to all three camps. Within hours, unit commanders loaded their troops onto trains for the ride to Brady and Ashiya Air Bases. At the airfields, the men were issued green, camo-colored silk scarves, the 187th's personal combat trademark, signaling that they were headed back to the line in Korea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0297-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nThe 187th ARCT, less the 674th AFAB that was attached to IX Corps Artillery in support of the ROKA on the front line, went into theater reserve near Seoul and continued its training and practice parachute jumps along the banks of the Han River. On 13 July, the CPVA attacked IX Corps' right flank with three divisions and broke through the ROKA lines. All along the line, the ROKA retreated under heavy CPVA pressure. While the 187th was moving up on the line, the 674th AFAB moved to get into position to directly support the 187th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0297-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nThe 187th moved into defensive positions in the vicinity of Kumhwa, under the command of and on the US 2nd Infantry Division's right flank, in roughly the same area it had occupied in the fall of 1952. General Westmoreland, after extensively reconnoitering the area and aware of the CPVA presence to his front, placed Major Frederick J. Kroesen's 1/187th on a hill overlooking the entire IX Corps' front. From the hill, 1/187th could observe the east and west routes along which IX Corps' artillery echelon was deployed. The corps artillery covered one likely CPVA invasion corridor through the Kumhwa valley. Westmoreland deployed his other two battalions to the west of 1/187th, returned to the 187th ARCT CP, which was set up adjacent to the 674th AFAB's 105mm howitzer firing positions, and prepared to repel any CPVA attacks down the corridor defended by his paratroopers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 963]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0298-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nWhen a CPVA attack during the middle of a rain-soaked night opened a gap in the line between two adjacent units, it left the 187th ARCT holding a critical section of terrain. The 2nd Infantry Division's CP telephoned General Westmoreland with an order to withdraw 1/187th from its current position and reposition it. Westmoreland considered the hill currently occupied by 1/187th key to his defensive strategy and objected to the order.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0298-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nAdditionally, he did not consider it advisable to move his battalion without reconnaissance into a new position at night without exposing his own CP, requiring it also to be moved. When the order was repeated, Westmoreland insisted that he deemed the move ill-advised and again requested the division commander to reconsider the order. When he was threatened with removal from his command, Westmoreland had no choice but to obey, but he made it clear that he was following the order under protest. Major Kroesen executed the 1/187th withdrawal flawlessly. To ensure the integrity of the 187th ARCT's position, Westmoreland organized a provisional force made up of service personnel to occupy a blocking position for 1/187th's withdrawal. As it turned out, American counterattacks eliminated the CPVA salient before they could occupy the key terrain vacated by the Rakkasans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 960]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0299-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nEven though the CPVA had launched their last major offensive of the war, skirmishes and artillery duels along the front did not stop. Patrols from both sides raided across the line, firefights and harassing sniper fire were routine, and night infiltration through the wire was common even as the armistice neared. On 27 July, the 187th ARCT received word that the truce would become effective at 22:00. Orders were passed to clear weapons at 18:00 so as to prevent any incident that might compromise the truce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0299-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nThe 187th was doomed to lose one more member, the last of the Korean War when, five hours before the ceasefire, Sergeant Carl A. Hammer, 22, was killed in a skirmish along the MLR. At the first light of dawn, the regiment began the burdensome job of policing up and getting gear together in preparation for departing their positions. Orders came down to dismantle the MLR bunkers and defenses, move back several thousand yards, and construct new and more elaborate positions. For the next three days, bunkers, strongpoints, and outposts on the old MLR were blown up. By 1 August, the 187th ARCT had moved to the new line and started construction of the \"Blackjack Bastion,\" a system of bunkers and trenches straddling the \"bowling alley\" into Seoul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 835]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0300-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nOn 1 October, the 187th ARCT received orders to move back to Japan. On 3 October, the 187th boarded the USS General John Pope (AP-110) at Inchon for the trip back across the Yellow Sea to Kyushu, arriving at the port of Moji on 5 October. The next day, the troops assigned to Camp Chickamauga moved by train to Beppu. The Rakkasans staged an impressive 'combat dress' parade to the camp. The troops assigned to Camp Wood continued by water to Sasebo, arriving there on 7 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0301-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nThe arrival of the 187th in Japan marked the end of the RCT's third and final combat tour in Korea. It also marked the end of General Westmoreland's command of the 187th ARCT. On 19 October, Brigadier General Roy E. Lindquist assumed command of the 187th in a change-of-command ceremony at Camp Chickamauga.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0302-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nFor the next twenty-one months, the 187th went about its duties and training in Japan. New men arrived and were integrated into the units as \"point\" accumulation sent many of the combat veterans back to the States. The 187th conducted training exercises with the US Marines and, in a unique international training effort, opened a jump school for officers of the Japanese Army Self-Defense Force. In October 1954, the Camp Hakata jump school graduated the first Japanese paratroopers that became the nucleus for a Japanese parachute unit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0303-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nBy October 1954, rumors floated through the camps that the 187th was being transferred back stateside. The US Army had instituted Operation Gyroscope, whereby US units would replace their overseas counterparts. Unit rotation, thought the Army planners, was more efficient to maintain unit integrity than sending individual replacements every month to fill the vacancies left by rotating overseas personnel. The 508th ARCT from Fort Bragg, North Carolina was selected to replace the 187th ARCT in Japan on an equal basis. The exchange would involve one of the largest airlifts in US Air Force history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0304-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nIn February 1955, an advance party from the 508th ARCT arrived at Beppu to plan the major exchange. The Air Force planned to airlift both RCT's in C\u2013124s for the 12,900 miles (20,800\u00a0km) trip from Fort Bragg to Japan and return to Fort Bragg. The 187th ARCT's leg of the round trip would involve stops along the way at Wake Island, Hickam Field in Hawaii, Travis Air Force Base in California, and the Camp Mackall airstrip, the original home of the 187th and adjacent to Fort Bragg, the 187th's final destination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0304-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nCamp Hakata became the marshaling area and Itazuke (Brady) Air Base the departure airfield. The first element of 400 Rakkasans moved out on 27 May in commercial aircraft, while an equal number of 508th paratroopers arrived at Itazuke. On 30 May, the first C\u2013124 carrying elements of the 508th landed at Itazuke; the waiting 187th advance elements immediately boarded the C\u2013124. On 12 July, the first C\u2013124 carrying the main body of 187th paratroopers taxied down the runway at Itazuke and was airborne at 10:00. A few minutes past Wake Island, Colonel Curtis J. Herrick, former deputy commanding officer of the 187th, assumed command of the 187th from General Lindquist. Colonel Herrick's command tour would only last until August when he was replaced by Colonel Joseph F. Ryneska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 867]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0305-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nFrom Japan to California, across the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River, and to the pine-covered hills of North Carolina, the Rakkasans were finally home after five history-making years in the Far East, veterans of Korea, guardians of Japan, and the most mobile striking force in the Pacific. By 17 July, thousands of paratroopers and their dependents had made the 52-hour flight and the biggest airlift in history was over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0306-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Korean War, Japan and Korea \u2013 The Third Time\nThe assignment of the 187th to the XVIII Airborne Corps at Fort Bragg marked the end of the RCT's five years in the Far East and the beginning of a series of confusing assignments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0307-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nThe late 1950s and early 1960s were a turbulent time for the Rakkasans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0308-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nVeterans left for reassignment or return to civilian life. For the next few months, the 187th ARCT's ranks were filled with new men who had to be trained in the unique and rigorous military expertise that had become the regimental standard, as well as indoctrinated in the Rakkasan spirit. At Fort Bragg, the 187th was under the direct command of the XVIII Airborne Corps. The stay at Fort Bragg would be relatively short-lived. In January 1956, another transfer loomed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0309-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nAfter the Korean War, the US Army went through a major reorganization as it prepared to meet the challenges of the Cold War. Gyroscoping units moved back and forth across the Atlantic and Pacific. \"Massive retaliation\" became the strategic term of the day and resulted in drastic cuts in manpower during the Eisenhower years (1953\u20131961). The Army believed itself in danger of being completely overshadowed by the Air Force and attempted to accommodate the new strategy with two major divisional-level reorganizations that caused upheaval in the Army's ranks and command structure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0309-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nFirst came the Pentomic Plan of 1957\u20131959, followed by the Reorganization of Army Divisions (ROAD) of 1962\u20131964. Central to these reorganizations were developments in tactical nuclear weapons, without loss of massed firepower, a mandatory characteristic for military forces. Combat areas in future nuclear wars were viewed differently than past battlefields, requiring small, self-contained, fast-moving units. Speed was essential, not only for the concentration of offensive forces, but also in force dispersion for defense. However, the Army had to retain the ability to fight limited or non-nuclear wars, where mobility and dispersion were not as important. The 187th ARCT found itself in the middle of these changes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0310-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nIn the spring of 1949, the 11th Airborne Division had arrived at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, after combat in the Philippines in World War II and almost four years in occupied Japan. In the spring of 1956, the 11th Airborne Division gyroscoped to Germany. Rumor had it that the 101st Airborne Division of World War II European Theater fame was about to be reactivated, and the 187th ARCT would have a major role in forming the new division. The rumor was true. At Fort Bragg, in January 1956, Colonel Ryneska received the order to move the 187th to Fort Campbell. The Rakkasans left Fort Bragg on 19 January by bus and truck convoy and settled into Fort Campbell in barracks only recently vacated by the 11th Airborne Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0311-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nOn 27 March, the 187th ARCT formed a combat test group and began a series of training exercises and tests in the Army's new pentomic division concept. There were four tests over four months, during which the 187th rarely left the field. The tests included a parachute assault and a linkup with an armored force; an air transportability test; a raid in which the paratroopers dropped into a DZ, destroyed an enemy installation, and extracted by air transport. The fourth test was a final examination testing all aspects of ground combat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0312-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nOn 19 June, the 187th ARCT felt the changes brought on by the Pentomic Plan. The 187th was deactivated as an RCT and was temporarily dropped from the roster of active Army units. On the same day, the three battalions of the 187th were assigned to cadre the 101st Airborne Division, reactivated on 21 September at a ceremony attended by General Maxwell D. Taylor, now the US Army Chief of Staff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0312-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nAt the ceremony, General Taylor, who commanded the 101st in the Normandy invasion and later in the fight across Europe, presented the colors of the 101st \"Screaming Eagles\" to its new commander, Major General T. L. Sherburne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0312-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nWith its reactivation, the 101st became a pentomic division, a poorly conceived organization centered on a Pentagon concept: to replace a three-regiment infantry division, a pentomic infantry division had five 1,400-man battle groups, each larger than a battalion but smaller than a regiment, that could be employed in battle singly or in combination, plus separate units for command and control, communications, engineers, and artillery. Since the battle group replaced both the battalion and the regiment, one command echelon was eliminated, which cut down on staff overhead. It was an organization doomed almost from its beginning. On this same date, the 187th AIR became the 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 823]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0313-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nOn 1 March 1957, 1/187th was reactivated as the 1st Airborne Battle Group (ABG) of the 187th Infantry Regiment, under the command of Colonel Norman G. Reynolds, and assigned to the 11th Airborne Division in Germany. It departed Fort Campbell in the spring of 1957 and remained overseas for the next 14 months. On 25 April, 2/187th became the 2nd ABG, 187th Infantry, under the command of Colonel Melvin Zais, a distinguished World War II paratrooper and later the 101st Airborne Division's commanding officer in Vietnam. 3/187th was deactivated on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0314-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nThe 1st ABG, 187th Infantry, joined the 11th Airborne Division in Augsburg, Germany, and moved into Gablingen Kaserne. For almost a year, the 1st ABG trained with the 11th Airborne Division at the US Army Garrison Hohenfels Training Area. On 15 March 1958, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas W. Sharkey assumed command of the 1st ABG. On 1 July, the 11th Airborne Division was deactivated and the 1st ABG, 187th Infantry, joined the 2nd ABG, 503rd Infantry, in the 24th Infantry Division (Pentomic).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0315-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nIn the spring of 1958, US interests were compromised when rebel uprisings threatened pro-Western governments in the Middle Eastern countries of Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria. On 14 July, King Faisal II of Iraq was killed during a coup d'\u00e9tat that overthrew the government. President Eisenhower reacted by putting US forces on alert for deployment, including the 1st ABG, 187th Infantry, in Germany. On 14 July, the 1st ABG returned to Gablingen Kaserne by airdrop after two weeks of training at Hohenfels. On 15 July, Colonel Sharkey received the order to move the 1st ABG from Germany to Adana, Turkey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0315-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nOn 16 July, the 1st ABG began a massive airlift from F\u00fcrstenfeldbruck Air Base, near Munich, Germany, to a staging area in Adana, Turkey, and then to the international airport in Beirut, Lebanon, which had earlier been occupied after some 5,000 US Marines had landed \"to help preserve that country's government in the wake of internal revolts and a coup in neighboring Iraq.\" By the time the airlift was over, some 1,800 paratroopers and all their combat equipment had flown to Beirut in 76 C\u2013119s, C\u2013124s, and C\u2013130s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0315-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nThe Rakkasans set up camp in an olive grove near the airport and were assigned perimeter defense around the airport. By October 1958, the situation had eased sufficiently to permit the 1st ABG's return to  Germany. On 20 November, Colonel Donald C. Clayman took over command of the 1st ABG at a change-of-command ceremony at Gablingen Kaserne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0316-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nShortly after its return to Germany, it was the 1st ABG's turn to gyroscope. On 9 February 1959, the 1st ABG arrived in New York harbor aboard the USNS General Simon B. Buckner (T-AP-123), staged through the Brooklyn Navy Yard, and boarded trains for a trip to Fort Bragg, where it reassembled in March and joined the 82nd Airborne Division as part of the XVIII Airborne Strategic Army Corps (STRAC). The 187th Infantry Regiment now had the distinction of having been part of the 11th, 82nd, and 101st Airborne Divisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0317-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nIn June 1958, Major General William Westmoreland had become the 101st Airborne Division's commanding general. It was during his tour with the 101st that he became disillusioned with the pentomic division concept. As Westmoreland prepared to relinquish command of the 101st in 1960, he recommended that the pentomic division be abolished, primarily because he found that control of five separate battle groups by a division headquarters and five companies by a battle group headquarters was difficult. Westmoreland recommended the establishment of a regiment-level headquarters and better communications as necessary to give the division staying power. That was what the Army eventually adopted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 799]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0318-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nIn December 1960, based on General Westmoreland's recommendations and those of other pentomic division commanders, the Department of the Army directed Continental Army Command (CONARC) to reevaluate the pentomic division concept. In April 1961, the Secretary of the Army approved the CONARC ROAD study,basically returning the Army division to a triangular concept with three brigades or battle groups per division. The ROAD reorganization began in February 1962. By June 1964, all 15 regular infantry divisions had been reconfigured in accordance with the ROAD plan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0319-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nOn 21 December 1960, Colonel Arndt L. Mueller assumed command of the 2nd ABG, 187th Infantry. In late 1962, it went on full combat alert as a reactionary strike force during the Cuban Missile Crisis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0320-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Army Reorganizational Turmoil\nMeanwhile, the Army was in the process of initiating another major development in tactics and organization in which the 187th Infantry Regiment would play a part \u2013 the theory of air assault.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 104], "content_span": [105, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0321-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Air Assault\nOn 15 January 1960, the US Army Chief of Staff established the Army Aircraft Requirements Review Board, chaired by Lieutenant General Gordon B. Rogers, CONARC's deputy commanding general. The \"Rogers Board\" met at Fort Monroe, Virginia between 29 February and 6 March to consider the Army Aircraft Development Plan that provided for an orderly aviation development through the decade of the 1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0321-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Air Assault\nThe board was directed to recommend as a matter of first priority a course of action to meet the requirements for light observation aircraft and to explore the possible courses of action to improve the Army's capabilities in the areas of combat surveillance and tactical transport. Finally, the board was to submit its best estimate of the Army's requirements during the 1960\u20131970 time period, supported by a proposed procurement program, to include cost and quantities by year, of current and future types of aircraft. The scope of the 1960 Rogers Board was limited in that it did not constitute a major advance in tactical mobility for the Army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0322-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Air Assault\nThe Army continued to study and forward its aviation requirements to the Pentagon. During January and February 1962, Department of Defense (DOD) analysts reviewed the Army's submissions with criticism. On 19 April, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara sent the Army a strong message in which he concluded that the Army's current program was \"dangerously conservative\" and that the Army should open its mind to innovation and break away from the tactics and equipment of the past. Secretary McNamara directed the Army to investigate enhanced \"land warfare mobility\" in an \"open and free atmosphere.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0322-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Air Assault\nThe result of McNamara's memo was a Department of the Army directive to CONARC to establish the Tactical Mobility Requirements Board, presided over by Lieutenant General Hamilton H. Howze, the XVIII Airborne Corps' commanding general at Fort Bragg. The board became known throughout the Army as the \"Howze Board.\" CONARC, under guidance from the Department of the Army, directed General Howze to look to the future and determine the Army's aircraft requirements and tactical organizations for the 1963\u20131975 time period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0322-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Air Assault\nIn short, General Howze's mission was to determine if \"ground vehicles could be replaced by air vehicles and, if so, to what extent?\" The Army did not know it at the time, but these would be the years of US buildup, combat, and withdrawal from Vietnam, a place where the Army's air mobility and air support would be put to the ultimate test.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0323-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Air Assault\nThe Howze Board reached out to the Army, Air Force, and industry for new ideas, equipment, organization, and tactics. The board recommended the use of Army helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft in close support roles, battlefield transport, and as tank-killers. It conducted tests in basic flying techniques, small-unit deployment, and air support with helicopters. The board's recommendations were so extensive that the Army decided to test them with an entirely new division as the test bed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0323-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Air Assault\nOn 1 February 1963, the 11th Airborne Division was reactivated at Fort Benning, Georgia as the 11th Air Assault Division (Test), under the command of Major General Harry W. O. Kinnard, the 101st Airborne Division's G-3 (Operations), to explore the theory and practicality of helicopter assault tactics. The division was to be \"light,\" capable of air movement by Army and/or Air Force aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0324-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Air Assault\nThe 3rd ABG, 187th Infantry, not active during the Pentomic era, was redesignated on 1 February 1963 as 3/187th Infantry, assigned to the 11th Air Assault Division at Fort Benning, and activated on 7 February 1963. The infantry battalion was joined by the 3rd Squadron, 17th Cavalry Regiment (minus B Troop), and the 10th Transportation Brigade, which was composed of several battalions of both rotary- and fixed-wing aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0325-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Air Assault\nOn 1 July 1963, the 11th Air Assault Division's 1st Airborne Brigade was augmented with the activation of 1/188th Airborne Infantry and 1/511th Airborne Infantry. With these additions, the 187th, 188th, and 511th, the original glider and parachute infantry regiments of the original 11th Airborne Division formed in February 1943, were once again on the muster rolls \u2013 this time as an \"air assault\" division. In addition to the standard infantry, artillery, and support units, the 11th Air Assault Division included an aviation group with enough air assets to simultaneously lift one-third of the division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0326-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Air Assault\nDuring the same month, Lieutenant General Westmoreland, former 187th ARCT commanding officer in Korea and 101st Airborne Division commanding general, assumed command of the XVIII Airborne Corps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0327-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Air Assault\nFor more than two years, the 11th Air Assault Division developed, tested, refined, and retested the division's equipment, organization, and tactics in the low country and swamps of Florida and the hills of Georgia and North Carolina. The 187th Infantry tested the helicopter in various combat roles, command and control, attack formations, scouting and screening, reconnaissance, aerial resupply, and air-assault tactics. During the testing period, the Air Force and Army argued over ownership of the close support mission on the battlefield and tactical air mobility.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0328-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Air Assault\n3/187th Infantry stayed with the 11th Air Assault Division, serving as a test unit to help validate the Army's air mobility concept. It was relieved from the 11th Air Assault Division on 3 February 1964 and was reassigned as an organic unit to the 101st Airborne Division's 3rd Brigade at Fort Campbell, where its airmobile expertise was put to good use in training the rest of the division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0328-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Air Assault\nOn 6 March 1964, the 1st ABG, 187th Infantry, that had served in Germany, Beirut, and Fort Bragg, was designated 1/187th Infantry, relieved of assignment to the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, and transferred to the 11th Air Assault Division at Fort Benning for training and testing. The 2nd ABG, 187th Infantry, remained assigned to the 101st Airborne Division and was inactivated on 1 February 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0329-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Air Assault\nThe Pentagon decided that the 11th Air Assault Division's colors should be cased. In June 1965, the colors of the 1st Cavalry Division in Korea were flown to Fort Benning. In a simple ceremony, the 1st Cavalry's colors were presented to the 11th Air Assault Division. On 30 June, the 11th Air Assault Division (Test) and 1/187th, 1/188th, and 1/511th were inactivated. On 1 July, the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) was officially activated, rostered from the 11th Air Assault Division (Test) and the 2nd Infantry Division at Fort Benning. It was a formidable force of 15,847 officers and men, six Grumman OV-1 Mohawk fixed-wing aircraft, 287 Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopters, and 48 Sikorsky CH-37 Mojave helicopters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0330-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Korean War and Air Mobility, Air Assault\nBy 1965, the sole identity of the 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment rested with 3/187th, one of three relatively standard infantry battalions in the 3rd Brigade, 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell. Soon, it would prove its fighting mettle again \u2013 this time in Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0331-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit)\nThe Vietnam War was an entirely new experience for the Rakkasans. The war had no fixed battle lines and no set plans to seize and hold terrain or to invade and attack the enemy on his own ground. The US military strategy was complicated and difficult to comprehend. The GIs who fought in South Vietnam had to adapt to new tactics, including the need to be able to distinguish just which Vietnamese was the enemy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0331-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit)\nThey became experts in helicopter assaults into hot landing zones (LZs), requiring them, fully combat loaded, to jump from hovering helicopters under fire, to search for the elusive enemy in thick tropical jungles, sheer mountains, vast swamps, coastal plains, and in cities and villages. It was a war to destroy the enemy. In some cases, combat was purely defensive \u2013 establish and maintain small outposts in rural areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0331-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit)\nIn other cases, combat was purely offensive \u2013 surround the enemy, blast him with artillery, helicopter gunship rockets and machine guns, carpet-bomb him with B\u201352 Arc Light missions, napalm the forests covering him, and then attack to destroy him with the infantryman's weapons \u2013 mortars, machine guns, rifles, pistols, hand grenades, and even bayonets. It was a whole new ball game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0332-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nBetween 6 July and 29 July 1965, Colonel James S. Timothy's 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, became the first Screaming Eagles unit to deploy from Fort Campbell to South Vietnam, arriving by water at Cam Ranh Bay and establishing a temporary base camp in the vicinity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0332-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nWithin two weeks of their arrival at Cam Ranh Bay, the brigade was sent northward by water on its first combat operation to Qui Nh\u01a1n, 130 miles (210\u00a0km) up the coast, then moved inland to An Kh\u00ea in the Central Highlands with the mission of clearing and securing the area as a base camp for the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) that would be arriving from the United States in a matter of days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0333-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nAt a mountain pass overlooking An Kh\u00ea, the helicopter landings began. After months of specialized training at Fort Campbell, this was it, the moment every man knew would come. A battalion-size Viet Cong (VC) force had been reported to be in the area and the airborne infantrymen expected instant contact ... but it didn't come. The VC were evasive, biding their time. It was an anticlimax for the men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0333-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nThis was their first lesson in Vietnam \u2013 no big battles when expected; instead, a nagging war of attrition with primitive booby traps and snipers, small unit actions, and ambushes in the jungle. Only when he thought the situation was favorable, would the enemy show himself in force. So, the long, hard task of ferreting out the Communist enemy began, and the men of the 1st Brigade were good at their job. By the end of September, they had killed 600 VC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0333-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nAs the advance elements of the 1st Cavalry Division began arriving at An Kh\u00ea, they commenced taking over the area secured by the Screaming Eagles. Finally, the men of the 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, were free to head south and establish their own home base in Vietnam. From An Kh\u00ea, the brigade moved 170 miles (270\u00a0km) southward to the coastal town of Phan Rang. This was to be their permanent camp ... as soon as it could be built.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0333-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nThough weary from their campaign in the hill country, they worked throughout October until the base camp had been set up. General Westmoreland, commanding general of Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV), visited the Screaming Eagles on Thanksgiving Day and inspected the camp at Phan Rang. He was pleased with their performance at An Kh\u00ea and congratulated them on a job well done. Even as he returned to Saigon, the brigade was conducting local search and destroy operations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0334-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nAs 1966 began, the entire 1st Brigade deployed to Tuy H\u00f2a, 100 miles (160\u00a0km) to the north in Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean Province. Known as the Rice Bowl, this was the richest rice growing region in central Vietnam. Crops from this fertile area fed all the people in central Vietnam. But the VC had been seizing the harvest and collecting unbearable taxes from the frightened farmers. Now came the Screaming Eagles to protect the rice harvest and stop the VC. Code named Operation Van Buren, the orders read \"search out the enemy in the Tuy H\u00f2a sector and destroy him.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0334-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nThis assignment was tedious. The VC deserted their dwellings and avoided confrontation with the Americans. Yet the district was infested with an enemy who made night raids and continued to molest the farmers. The search went on. Brigadier General Willard Pearson took over command of the Screaming Eagles on 29 January. He stepped up the pressure on the VC. The VC were pursued across the broad reaches of Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean Province. For the most part, they evaded capture and withdrew to disappear in underground sanctuaries. In the wake of US military operations, the  enemy rice raids diminished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0334-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nBut the VC themselves mingled with the local people and were often bypassed, attacking the Americans from the rear at night. On 8 February, General Westmoreland's deputy commander came to Tuy H\u00f2a to personally evaluate the situation. What he saw convinced him that the enemy was well entrenched in the district and that it would require repeated efforts by the brigade to dislodge the Communist guerillas. Operation Van Buren became Operation Harrison; February became March and, daily, the Screaming Eagles patrolled the jungles and foothills surrounding the Tuy H\u00f2a rice fields.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0334-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nThe VC's main force headquarters was located and hit by USAF B\u201352 bombing raids. The men of the brigade went in to check the results and prepared field reports for USAF intelligence. Daily they went out and daily they returned. In 90 days, they gained control of the Tuy H\u00f2a region. Now operating in small units, they killed 516 hard-core VC troops between February and April. The rice crops were saved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0334-0004", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nIn mid-April, the 2nd Battalion, 327th Infantry Regiment was left to guard the rice harvest at Tuy H\u00f2a, while the rest of the brigade moved out on Operation Austin IV; two weeks in the area around Phan Thi\u1ebft, on the southeastern coast, then onward to Nh\u00e2n C\u01a1, near the Cambodian border. Here, where the Ho Chi Minh Trail entered South Vietnam, the Screaming Eagles met the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) in the form of the 141st NVA Regiment. For a while, the fighting was intense. The 2nd Battalion, 502nd Airborne Infantry Regiment took a number of casualties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0334-0005", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nIt took six days, from 14 May to 20 May, for the US paratroopers to drive the NVA aggressors out of their positions in the Nh\u00e2n C\u01a1 foothills. The NVA regulars were well-disciplined, well-equipped, and tenacious. In spite of heavy ground fire, Army aviators got in with their Dust Off helicopters and the wounded were evacuated to safety. Over 100 NVA were killed in the mountains and victory at Nh\u00e2n C\u01a1 belonged to the paratroopers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0335-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nBut for the Screaming Eagles, the greatest testing was still to come. Far to the north in Kon Tum Province, the 1st Brigade launched Operation Hawthorne in the area around \u0110\u0103k T\u00f4. Kon Tum Province was a forbidding wilderness, lying in the foothills of the mountain country that marked the border with Cambodia. It was the first week in June. Until then, the enemy held sway there. About 30 miles (48\u00a0km) north of \u0110\u0103k T\u00f4, Company A, 326th Engineer Battalion, erected a crude bridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0335-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nA few miles beyond was an American Special Forces camp that had been under siege by the VC for nearly a week. Supplies and ammunition were badly needed, and relief troops needed to get through. Near the bridge, the artillerymen of B Battery, 2nd Battalion, 320th Field Artillery Regiment rained 105mm artillery rounds down upon the VC attacking the camp. Each time the shelling started, the VC withdrew its attacking forces to escape the punishing fire. When it was lifted, the VC would regroup and again try to take the camp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0335-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nDespite week-long USAF airstrikes, the VC had shown no signs of withdrawing. But the artillery fire, directed by the camp's defenders, had a telling effect. The Screaming Eagles came under fire when a VC force of battalion strength came to silence the guns. Automatic-weapons and small-arms fire from all sides kept the artillerymen pinned down as the VC crept in and tried to overrun the American positions. The Screaming Eagles positions remained unbroken and they counterattacked, driving off the VC, and a small part of Operation Hawthorne was over. Throughout June, Operation Hawthorne continued.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0335-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nIn Kon Tum Province, the Screaming Eagles repeatedly beat back the NVA. In sixteen straight days of combat, the 1st Brigade enveloped the 24th NVA Regiment and killed more than 500 NVA. It was the largest single battle of the war for the men of the 101st Airborne Division. At last, the fighting was done.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0336-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nOn 21 July, following surveillance operations along the Laotian and Cambodian borders, the 1st Brigade returned to Tuy H\u00f2a. A new operation, code named John Paul Jones, got underway. Its purpose was to open and secure a 16 miles (26\u00a0km) stretch of National Highway 1 between Tuy H\u00f2a and V\u0169ng R\u00f4 Bay on the coast. The purpose of the mission was to speed up logistics support of the Tuy H\u00f2a area by permitting ships to unload at the nearby bay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0336-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nThe operation began with elements of the 502nd Airborne Infantry landing by water at the cliff-guarded bay, where, without encountering resistance, they began moving inland to link up with the oncoming units of the helicopter-landed 327th Infantry. The inland forces pushed forward, securing the highway and sweeping the adjoining countryside. Supported by helicopter gunships, heliborne assault troops cleaned up the operational zone within six weeks. By early September, they had secured V\u0169ng R\u00f4 Bay and the highway north to Tuy H\u00f2a. Sweeping through the mountains, the 1st Brigade captured 40 NVA and VC, and killed 209 others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0336-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nWhile Operation John Paul Jones was still in progress, the 326th Engineer Battalion began construction of the connecting highway between V\u0169ng R\u00f4 Bay and Highway 1. The Screaming Eagles had done their job well and a new seaport was born. In the weeks that followed, the 1st Brigade protected the rice farmers as they harvested some 17,000 metric tons of grain. Once again, the Tuy H\u00f2a sector became a battlefield. and the VC suffered heavy losses with 239 killed and 42 captured. The VC had enough and were nowhere to be found.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0337-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nOn 9 December, the brigade's odyssey continued \u2013 from Tuy H\u00f2a back up north to Kon Tum Province. The VC had been cleared from Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean Province by this time and the Screaming Eagles were moved north by air in a record 48 hours. The deployment of the 1st Brigade by parachute marked the first jump in more than a year for many of the paratroopers, but they were in superb physical condition and the jump went well. As 1966 drew to a close, the brigade descended upon Kon Tum Province to take part in Operation Pickett. Fighting side by side with Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) forces and militia, the brigade once again scoured the countryside, finding and finishing the enemy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0338-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nThe operations in Kon Tum Province continued until 21 January 1967. Then, after more than a year's absence from their base at Phan Rang, the brigade was ordered back for a rest. To the men of the 1st Brigade, it seemed a long time since the LSTs first moved them up to Qui Nh\u01a1n as they headed for their first combat around An Kh\u00ea. Now, the LSTs took them home. On 26 January, the last convoy rolled into camp at Phan Rang.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0338-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nTwo days later, General Pearson transferred command of the 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, to the new brigade commander, Brigadier General Salve H. Matheson. The Screaming Eagles bid farewell to the commander who led them in 14 combat operations from one end of South Vietnam to the other. For the Screaming Eagles, as for the rest of the US military forces in South Vietnam, the valiant efforts to keep that young nation free continued.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0339-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nThe remainder of the 101st Airborne Division received orders to move to Vietnam. Operation EAGLE THRUST began on 8 December 1967 with the departure of Major General Olinto M. Barsanti, the 101st Airborne Division's commanding general, from Campbell Army Airfield in an aircraft piloted by General Howell M. Estes Jr., commanding general of the USAF Military Airlift Command. By 18 December, the last aircraft touched down at Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a Air Base in Vietnam, ending the largest and longest airlift operation by the US Air Force of US combat forces directly into a combat zone. The Military Airlift Command required 369 C\u2013141 aircraft missions and 22 C\u2013133 aircraft missions to transport 10,024 paratroopers and over 5,300 tons of the division's essential support equipment from Fort Campbell to Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 878]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0340-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nThe first paratroopers of the 3rd Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, to arrive in Vietnam during Operation Eagle Thrust were those of 3/187th. Truck convoys transported the Rakkasans from Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a Air Base about 30 miles (48\u00a0km) north of Saigon to begin setting up and occupying their base camp at Ph\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0129nh. Once established there, 3/187th's squads and platoons worked in the field on small unit tactics. Over the next four years, the Rakkasans would fight in twelve major campaigns, conducting numerous air assaults and search and destroy missions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0341-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nDuring one such mission on 16 March 1968, as part of the US effort to push the NVA away from Saigon after the Tet Offensive, elements of 3/187th were inserted by helicopter on a reconnaissance-in-force mission into a suspected NVA stronghold southwest of Ph\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0129nh, in the so-called \"Iron Triangle.\" For the next two days, Captain Paul W. Bucha's 89-man D/187th conducted reconnaissance along with the 3rd Brigade's Phantom Force, the long-range reconnaissance patrol (LRRP), engaging in firefights, destroying fortifications and base camps, and eliminating scattered resistance along the way.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0341-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nLate in the afternoon of 18 March, D/187th's LRRP point element, about 12 men, stumbled upon a base camp containing an entire NVA battalion bivouacked for the night, made heavy contact, and were immediately pinned down. Captain Bucha moved forward to organize a defense to protect the men who were cut off and ordered up reinforcements from D/187th. Bucha determined that his unit could not hold its position against the repeated NVA assaults and ordered a withdrawal into a tight defensive perimeter from which he could direct fire on the NVA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0341-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nDuring the night, Bucha constantly moved throughout the perimeter, distributing ammunition, and checking the integrity of the defense. He directed artillery and helicopter gunship fire on the NVA strongpoints and attacking forces, marking the positions with smoke grenades. He did everything he could think of to make the NVA believe that his vastly outnumbered force was larger than it was \u2013 directing his men to lob hand grenades at set times from different positions and spreading the firing patterns along the edges of his perimeter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0341-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nUsing flashlights, he directed the medical evacuation of three helicopter loads of seriously wounded personnel and the helicopter resupply of his company. At daybreak, Bucha led a rescue party to recover the KIA and WIA of D/187th's ambushed lead element. Afterward, B/187th joined D/187th in an assault on the NVA base camp, destroying it in a two-day fight. The NVA melted away, leaving 156 dead on the battlefield. After Bucha\u2019s dead and wounded had been aeromedically evacuated (medevaced) out, he loaded the rest of his company, about 40 men, onto helicopters and returned to Ph\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0129nh. For his \"extraordinary heroism, inspirational example, outstanding leadership, and professional competence,\" Captain Bucha was awarded the Medal of Honor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 826]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0342-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nFor the next few months, 3/187th, from a temporary base camp near \u0110\u1eafk T\u00f4 made a number of small-unit helicopter assaults to help secure the Special Forces outpost near \u0110\u1eafk P\u00e9k. Until June, NVA contact was minimal. 3/187th's mission was to relieve the 199th Light Infantry Brigade and assume the defense of the Ph\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0129nh compound, make local daylight sweeps and set night ambushes. On 13 June, 3/187th deployed by air to the 25th Infantry Division's base camp at C\u1ee7 Chi, where it came under the division's operational control. Its mission was to conduct reconnaissance-in-force operations along the V\u00e0m C\u1ecf \u0110\u00f4ng River to interdict LOCs and MSRs from Cambodia and Laos into the Saigon area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 767]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0343-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nOn 26 August, the 101st Airborne Division was redesignated the 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0344-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nAt the beginning of September, 3/187th was based at Trung L\u1eadp. B/187th and C/187th built Firebase Shafter near the Saigon River, east of the Trung L\u1eadp ARVN Training Center. On 14 September, 3/187th moved to an area 6 kilometres (3.7\u00a0mi) south of Ho Bo Woods and spent two days building Firebase Pope. On 20 September, Firebase Pope was closed and 3/187th moved to an area southwest of Trung L\u1eadp, and for the next five days set up Firebase Patton II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0344-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nOn 27 September, the battalion command group and B/187th moved to B\u00e0u Trai to work with the 25th Infantry Division. Since its arrival in Vietnam, 3/187th had moved so often that it became known as the \"Nomad\" Battalion. In early October, Major General Melvin Zais, the 101st Airborne Division's commanding general, ordered 3/187th moved back to his control. On 8 October, Firebase Patton II was closed, and by 15:00 that afternoon, C Battery, 319th AFAB, then in support of 3/187th, moved by helicopter back to Ph\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0129nh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0344-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nWhile the infantry was waiting for motor transport to move them to the C\u1ee7 Chi airstrip, enemy mortar rounds dropped inside the perimeter, wounding 19 men. The convoy left the firebase at 18:30. Along the way, a truck was hit by a rocket-propelled grenade (RPG), killing six and wounding twelve Rakkasans. The convoy closed at C\u1ee7 Chi at 23:00. For the next ten days, 3/187th marshaled and outloaded from Ph\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0129nh to the Hu\u1ebf-Ph\u00fa B\u00e0i airstrip to rejoin the 101st Airborne Division. By 18 October, all battalion elements had closed in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0345-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nOn 29 October, 3/187th received orders to move north to Camp Eagle, the 101st Airborne Division's major base south of the Imperial City of Hu\u1ebf, and operate in a new AO. On 1 November, 3/187th moved to Camp Evans and took over control of Firebases Miguel, Long, and Helen in their AO.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0346-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1965\u20131968\nDuring 1968, 3/187th fought small and large battles in all four Corps Tactical Zones, suffered 48 KIA and 149 WIA. For the Rakkasans in Vietnam, there was far more yet to come.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0347-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969\nNew Year's Day, 1969, found 3/187th supporting Operation Nevada Eagle, securing and constructing firebases, and performing reconnaissance-in-force in the mountains southwest of Camp Evans, the 101st Airborne Division's 3rd Brigade home base, 14 miles (23\u00a0km) northwest of Hu\u1ebf. Occasional enemy contacts were with small, elusive groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0348-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969\nOn 10 January, 3/187th held a change-of-command ceremony. Lieutenant Colonel George M. Sheets turned over the battalion's colors to Lieutenant Colonel Weldon F. \"Tiger\" Honeycutt. Lieutenant Colonel Honeycutt had earned his nickname during the Korean War when, as a 187th RCT company commander, he had led his company in an assault on a key hill after two previous attempts by two other 187th RCT companies had failed. Captain Honeycutt's company overran the hill, driving off the Chinese. General Westmoreland, then the 187th RCT's commanding general, was so impressed with the young officer's aggression that he nicknamed him \"Tiger.\" The name had stuck and most of his superiors referred to him as Tiger Honeycutt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0349-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969\nOn 24 January, the 3rd Brigade, commanded by Colonel Joseph B. Conmy Jr., began Operation Ohio Rapids, a campaign to block the NVA's access to the populated lowlands and, in particular, the Imperial City of Hu\u1ebf, during Tet 69 (one year after the original Tet Offensive). Captain Luther L. Sanders' D/187th was airlifted into Firebase Mexico; Captain Barry Robinson III's B/187th flew into Firebase Barbara. 3/187th set up blocks to prevent NVA infiltration from the A Shau Valley (one of the main avenues for the NVA into South Vietnam in western Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf Province) into the lowland districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0349-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969\nOn 15 February, a platoon from Captain Gerald R. Harkins' A/187th made contact with four NVA 3 kilometres (1.9\u00a0mi) from Firebase Mexico, killing three and wounding the fourth. They found a number of automatic weapons, machine guns, assorted uniforms, and medical gear. A search of the area turned up more equipment abandoned by the fleeing NVA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0350-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969\nOn 19 February, 3/187th was placed under the operational control of the 101st Airborne Division's 1st Brigade in Operation Spokane Rapids. The next day, B/187th airlifted from Camp Evans into Firebase Brick, 24 kilometres (15\u00a0mi) south of Hu\u1ebf. On 24 February, the rest of the battalion combat-assaulted into LZ Diana to reconnoiter the area in force. Contact was sporadic and scattered between 24 February and 2 March. 3/187th returned to Camp Evans and operational control of the 3rd Brigade. Meanwhile, General Zais launched the 101st Airborne Division into Operation Kentucky Jumper on 1 March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0350-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969\nCaptain Walter Griswold's C/187th and other elements of 3/187th were airlifted into Firebases T-Bone and Long. A/187th and B/187th combat-assaulted into LZs 9 kilometres (5.6\u00a0mi) south of Firebase Helen in the vicinity of the Song Bo River. D/187th moved to Firebase Rakkasan, 14 kilometres (8.7\u00a0mi) southwest of Camp Evans. For the next two weeks, the Rakkasans patrolled out of their firebases, killed numerous NVA, and uncovered weapons caches. As the 101st Airborne Division moved westward, it was getting closer and closer to the A Shau Valley. For the rest of March and part of April, 3/187th continued its patrols and searches of the area, made contact with small NVA units, and found increasingly larger weapons and ammunition caches as they pushed closer to the A Shau Valley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 859]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0351-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ngai Mountain\nOn 22 April, aerial reconnaissance over the northern A Shau Valley revealed the presence of several bamboo huts on a ridgeline about 2,000 metres (2,200\u00a0yd) below the summit of Dong Ngai Mountain in the northwestern corner of the valley. 101st Airborne Division intelligence was aware that this area contained NVA in abundance. Airstrikes were called in to blast the area with 250- and 500-pound bombs. The next day, B\u201352s carpeted the area with 1000-pound bombs, creating huge secondary explosions. After the airstrikes, a 2/17th Cavalry platoon air assaulted into a hot LZ in a single CH\u201347 Chinook helicopter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0351-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ngai Mountain\nAs it hovered over the LZ, the soldiers slid down ropes through a hole in the jungle canopy. Ground fire hit the helicopter, causing it to crash through the tops of the trees, killing seven men. Those who escaped formed a defensive perimeter and fought off a platoon-sized NVA unit with the loss of another five men. The 2/17th Cavalry platoon leader called for reinforcements and, as two additional platoons started to land, their helicopters were hit by ground fire; two more helicopters were lost. The men on the ground expanded their perimeter but came under increasingly heavier NVA attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0351-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ngai Mountain\nBack at Camp Eagle, General Zais ordered Lieutenant Colonel Honeycutt and 3/187th to relieve 2/17th Cavalry on Dong Ngai and then clean out the NVA. When Tiger Honeycutt heard that 2/17th Cavalry had suffered another 40 casualties, he decided that his best course of action was to land his men on the top of the mountain and attack down toward the 2/17th Cavalry perimeter, putting the NVA in a vise, rather than landing in 2/17th Cavalry's hot LZ. Honeycutt directed Captain Robinson's B/187th to lead the assault, followed by Captain Sanders' D/187th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0352-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ngai Mountain\nAt 15:30, B/187th's First Lieutenant Frank Boccia loaded his 1st Platoon on to six helicopters for the short flight to the upper LZ. At 16:00, they arrived over the LZ and could see NVA in bunkers and spider holes below. Boccia was riding in the lead helicopter with five of his men when the helicopter's door gunner spotted muzzle flashes coming from the right side of the LZ and began raking the trees below with his M60 machine gun. At 60 metres (66\u00a0yd) and closing, NVA ground fire found the range and Boccia's helicopter began taking hits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0352-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ngai Mountain\nThe pilot eased the helicopter into a hover about 10 feet (3.0\u00a0m) off the ground and, in quick succession, all but Boccia leaped from the helicopter and sprinted into the surrounding jungle. Boccia's gas mask strap had caught on an eyebolt, preventing him from exiting the helicopter. With the helicopter still taking ground fire, Boccia pulled madly at his gas mask. The helicopter lurched and Boccia fell out, tumbling about 15 feet (4.6\u00a0m) down a steep ridge. Above, the helicopter started to gain altitude when it was hit by an RPG.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0352-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ngai Mountain\nThe round exploded under the pilot's seat and severely wounded the copilot. The helicopter dropped like a rock, its blades slashing through the trees before snapping off and careening through the jungle like huge knives. The helicopter hit the ground with such force that it buckled the skids and drove the transmission through the back wall, breaking the door gunner's arm. Boccia moved his men to the LZ, formed a defensive perimeter, and managed to medevac his helicopter pilot and door gunner (the copilot had been hit and killed by another RPG).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0352-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ngai Mountain\nBoccia called for helicopter gunships to strafe the area. Seven more helicopters brought in the rest of B/187th, but four crashed after being hit by NVA fire. Tiger Honeycutt was hovering overhead in his command helicopter when he saw the crashes and called off further landings in the upper LZ. NVA hit Boccia's perimeter overnight but were driven off with machine-gun fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0353-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ngai Mountain\nAt first light the next morning, the remainder of B/187th and two platoons from A/187th combat-assaulted into 2/17th Cavalry's lower LZ. After the Rakkasans secured the perimeter and helped medevac 2/17th Cavalry's KIA and WIA, the two companies sent squad-sized units to reconnoiter in force up Dong Ngai toward Lieutenant Boccia's upper LZ perimeter. Tiger Honeycutt ordered in fighter-bombers and gunships to pound the area around Boccia's position and then sent Captain Sanders' D/187th in to reinforce Boccia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0353-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ngai Mountain\nFive of the D/187th helicopters made it onto the upper LZ, but the last two were shot down, cluttering and blocking the LZ with a total of six downed helicopters. The next day, Honeycutt sent Captain Harkins, A/187th's commanding officer, to the upper LZ to take charge. Harkins organized the various units into platoon-sized formations, expanded the defensive perimeter, and directed Boccia's 1st Platoon and his own 3rd Platoon, commanded by First Lieutenant Daniel Bresnahan, to attack straight down the mountain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0353-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ngai Mountain\nAt the lower LZ, Honeycutt directed three platoons from A/187th, B/187th, and D/187th to attack up the mountain after first plastering the area with airstrikes. B/187th's platoon was soon halted by a reinforced NVA platoon in bunkers. Airstrikes were called in with little effect, but after a long artillery preparation, B/187th assaulted the bunker line with 90mm M67 recoilless rifles and overran the bunkers in less than an hour. Meanwhile, A/187th's platoon, attacking up the east side of the mountain, overran multiple NVA bunkers and uncovered a large NVA ammunition dump.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0353-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ngai Mountain\nAll three platoons attacking up the mountain were stopped by darkness about 200 metres (220\u00a0yd) from the upper LZ. At dawn on 28 April, after an hour of heavy airstrikes and a pummeling artillery preparation, the three Rakkasan platoons started up the mountain and a platoon from the upper LZ started down. The movement caught 40 NVA in the middle. The Rakkasans joined up late in the afternoon, clearing the area around the upper LZ. An engineer detachment was brought in to build a firebase on Dong Ngai's summit. The engineers worked around the clock, and by the afternoon of 29 April, three 105mm artillery batteries were in the partially completed Firebase Airborne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0354-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ngai Mountain\nThe Rakkasans continued to ferret out the NVA. D/187th routed an NVA platoon during the afternoon of 30 April and uncovered a supply dump of 20 tons of rice and hundreds of 122mm rockets and RPGs. On the morning of 4 May, while D/187th was reconnoitering in force northeastward toward the peak of Dong Ngai, they ran head-on into an NVA bunker complex defended by a company of NVA with heavy weapons. D/187th took out a number of bunkers with recoilless-rifle fire, but had three ground assaults thrown back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0354-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ngai Mountain\nCaptain Sanders called in mortars, helicopter gunships, and, finally, airstrikes on the bunkers. The mortars and gunships had little effect on the bunkers, but the airstrikes' pinpoint bombing did the job, hitting the bunker complex with almost 30 napalm bombs and turning it into a huge bonfire. As soon as the airstrikes ended, D/187th charged up the mountain and swept into the NVA positions, where they were met, not with gunfire, but by the smell of burning flesh. They discovered the bodies of 15 NVA in the bunkers and trenches. D/187th moved through the bunker complex quickly in pursuit of the NVA survivors, but most escaped, carrying many of their dead with them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0355-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ngai Mountain\nDespite the intensity of the fight for Dong Ngai Mountain, 3/187th 's losses were less than might have been expected \u2013 five KIA and 54 WIA. The NVA lost more than a hundred killed, tons of supplies lost, and one of its major bases in the A Shau Valley destroyed. On 8 May, 3/187th was airlifted out of Firebase Airborne and back to Camp Evans to prepare for Operation Apache Snow, scheduled to kick off two days later. 3/187th's victory at Dong Ngai earned it the Valorous Unit Award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0356-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nThe A Shau Valley had been used by the NVA as an infiltration route into South Vietnam. It was through and from the A Shau Valley that the NVA had supported and launched most of its operations in South Vietnam\u2019s northern provinces, particularly those operations aimed at the population centers of Hu\u1ebf and Da Nang. The NVA had infiltrated through Laos and staged in refuges just across the Laos/South Vietnam border from the A Shau Valley. Likewise, supplies had been infiltrated and stored in supply \u201cwarehouses\u201d in the A Shau Valley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0356-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nThe A Shau Valley provided accessible and easy routes for the movement of men and materiel either southward toward Da Nang or eastward toward Hu\u1ebf. It was from the A Shau Valley that the NVA launched and supported its 1968 Tet Offensive. Intelligence gained during the spring of 1969 provided evidence to MACV and XXIV Corps, the US command responsible for the northern area of the ARVN I Corps Tactical Zone, of increased NVA activity in the A Shau Valley and adjoining areas in Laos. The Dong Ngai Mountain battle and subsequent discovery of NVA supply dumps reinforced that point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0356-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nKnowing this, there were two alternatives available to MACV: ignore the NVA presence and wait until they attacked before engaging them; or attack the NVA in their bases and eliminate their capability to mount an attack on a populated area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0356-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nRather than permit a substantial NVA force to reach the populated area of Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Province and Hu\u1ebf, which for all practical purposes had been pacified and resettled, the decision was made to launch a corps-level combat operation to deny the NVA re-entry into South Vietnam in strength from their sanctuaries across the border from the A Shau Valley and to destroy those forces that had already been infiltrated. XXIV Corps\u2019 commanding general, Lieutenant General Richard G. Stilwell, planned Operation Apache Snow to clear the A Shau Valley of the NVA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0357-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nThe 101st Airborne Division, in coordination with the 1st ARVN Division, was assigned the responsibility for conducting operations in the northern sector of the A Shau Valley. Operation Apache Snow would be initiated by an airmobile assault of three maneuver battalions of the 101st Airborne Division and one battalion of the 1st ARVN Division into LZs adjacent to the Laotian border. Each LZ was selected to achieve surprise and place the assault forces close to suspected NVA locations. The plan called for the ARVN to cut the valley highway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0357-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nThe 101st Airborne Division was to engage the NVA and prevent their escape into Laos. The AO assigned to Lieutenant Colonel Honeycutt\u2019s battalion included Dong Ap Bia Mountain. Dong Ap Bia was a highland that rose 970 metres (3,180\u00a0ft) at its summit with ridgelines at 800 metres (2,600\u00a0ft), 900 metres (3,000\u00a0ft), 916 metres (3,005\u00a0ft), and 937 metres (3,074\u00a0ft).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0357-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nAs part of his overall plan, Honeycutt had selected Hill 937 as one of the areas to be searched following the airmobile assault since intelligence reports gathered in April and May indicated the possible presence of NVA in that vicinity. Honeycutt selected an LZ approximately 1,800 metres (2,000\u00a0yd) northwest of Hill 937 near the Laotian border with the intention of moving southeastward toward the hill mass, which later would come to be referred to by some as Hamburger Hill. H Hour was set for 07:30 on 10 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0358-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\n1,800 men from 1/506th Infantry, 2/501st Infantry, and 3/187th Infantry of the 101st Airborne Division, and the 4th Battalion, 1st ARVN Regiment were assembled approximately 8 miles (13\u00a0km) east of the A Shau Valley at Firebase Blaze, which had been established as a forward supply base to support Operation Apache Snow, to await liftoff in UH\u20131H \u201cHuey\u201d troop-carrying helicopters that would air-assault them into their respective battle areas. The airmobile assault, the largest in the Vietnam War, of the four battalions began precisely at 07:30 on 10 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0358-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nA total of 65 Hueys were used for the combat assaults, permitting two infantry battalions to be combat-assaulted simultaneously, placing maximum combat power on the ground as rapidly as possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0358-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nThe assault into each of the LZs was preceded by tactical airstrikes and artillery preparations from ten artillery batteries that were in position at five firebases on high ground east of the valley to provide maximum fire support for the initial airmobile assaults as well as the subsequent ground action by the infantry battalions; final suppressive fire was provided by aerial rocket artillery (ARA) from Cobra helicopter gunships just before the landing of the assault helicopters. Concurrent with the airmobile assault of the four battalions, two additional ARVN battalions that had been prepositioned on 9 May began conducting reconnaissance in force and sweep operations northeast and south of the general airmobile assault area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 864]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0359-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nAt 08:44, 3/187th began its combat assault into the LZ. Captain Sanders\u2019 D/187th and Captain Harkins\u2019 A/187th landed unopposed. Captain Dean L. Johnson\u2019s C/187th was last to land and secured the LZ. At 09:45, Lieutenant Colonel Honeycutt and his Headquarters group landed and relieved Captain Johnson. Honeycutt sent A/187th to the northwest in the direction of the Laotian border, C/187th to the southwest, also toward the Laotian border, and D/187th to the southeast, up a ridge toward Hill 937. Honeycutt moved part of his Headquarters group up behind D/187th and, at 11:00, joined up with Sanders\u2019 company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0359-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nBy noon, D/187th had secured prominent terrain on the ridgeline leading up to Hill 937. It was from this key position, approximately 1,000 metres (1,100\u00a0yd) to the northwest of Hill 937, that Honeycutt and the 3/187th CP would control and support operations during the period 10 \u2013 21 May. Aerial reconnaissance reported the presence of trails, camps, supply dumps, and bunkers. Honeycutt, sensing the presence of his enemy around him, radioed Colonel Conmy at the 101st Airborne Division\u2019s 3rd Brigade CP to request the release of B/187th, currently held in brigade reserve, to his control.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0359-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nConmy agreed and Captain Charles L. Littman, who had relieved Captain Robinson on 8 May, and B/187th arrived at the LZ at 14:30. At 15:30, B/187th reached Honeycutt's CP on the mountain ridge. Honeycutt directed B/187th to move up the ridge toward Hill 937. B/187th had moved only a very short distance when they began to receive small-arms fire and RPGs. Captain Littman dispersed his company and they returned fire with their organic weapons; they were supported by mortars, artillery, helicopter gunships, and airstrikes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0359-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nThe firing subsided as artillery was adjusted to drop within 25 metres (82\u00a0ft) of Littman\u2019s positions. The firing flared up again as B/187th began moving forward. When more high-explosive artillery rounds were poured into the NVA positions, the fire diminished and then ceased. In this initial contact, B/187th suffered three WIA while killing four NVA. Helicopter gunships and airstrikes continued to pound the suspected NVA positions until dark. B/187th dug in and established a night defensive position (NDP) as artillery continually hit the area overnight. Meanwhile, A/187th and C/187th, moving generally westward toward the Laotian border, made no contact with the NVA during the day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 818]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0360-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nNote: During the early afternoon of 10 May, an additional ARVN infantry company secured a hilltop in the northern end of the A Shau Valley to protect an artillery battery that was brought in to support the airmobile assault of another ARVN infantry battalion (2nd Battalion, 1st ARVN Regiment) on 11 May. Thus, by the night of 10 May, six maneuver battalions (three US and three ARVN) were operating in the A Shau Valley with a seventh battalion scheduled for insertion the following morning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0360-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nEach of these battalions was assigned a separate sector in which to search out and destroy the enemy while at the same time being prepared to reinforce any other battalion should the situation require it. The battalions were not oriented on terrain or assigned the mission to take any particular hill; rather, they were oriented on the enemy and concerned primarily with locating and destroying his forces, supplies, and installations wherever they might be found.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0361-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nAt 07:50 on 11 May, B/187th moved out from its NDP, searched the area of the previous day\u2019s contact, and, in the afternoon, resumed movement up the ridge toward Hill 937. At about 16:00, while following a fresh trail up the ridge, B/187th ran head-on into a well-entrenched NVA force to their front. B/187th suffered several casualties in the contact and was forced to pull back a short distance to regroup, leaving their wounded where they fell. The 3/187th CP responded by calling in airstrikes and artillery; additional helicopter gunship and mortar support were also provided.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0361-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nLieutenant Colonel Honeycutt directed B/187th to move back up the hill to recover its wounded, which they did. During the evacuation of those casualties, a helicopter gunship accompanying the medevac helicopter inadvertently fired a rocket salvo into the battalion CP position; Honeycutt was hit, one of his men was killed, and 35 more were wounded. All of the wounded were evacuated except for Honeycutt who elected to remain in the field. He radioed all aircraft to check in with him before launching any more airstrikes and to halt any further ARA until his positions were marked.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0361-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nAfter completing the evacuation of the casualties, NDPs were established. During their search of the bunker complexes, B/187th found weapons, miscellaneous supplies and equipment, and evidence of a telephone communications system plus NVA killed by airstrikes and artillery. One significant find was a set of documents found and translated by a Kit Carson scout that identified the NVA force on Dong Ap Bia as being from the 29th NVA Regiment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0361-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nThis information, plus the heavy contact experienced by B/187th during the day, provided the first indication that the Rakkasans were facing a sizable NVA force of between 1200 and 1800 men, reinforced with heavy weapons. A/187th and C/187th continued their reconnaissance-in-force operations to the northwest of Hill 937 toward the Laotian border where they had made no contact with the NVA but did report finding fresh trails.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0362-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nOn 12 May, Hill 937 was repeatedly hit with airstrikes and artillery to dislodge the NVA from its fortified positions. The NVA held fast and the Rakkasans continued to receive heavy mortar and automatic-weapons fire and RPGs. Realizing that he had found NVA in strength on Hill 937, Lieutenant Colonel Honeycutt decided to redeploy his battalion to further develop the battle. A/187th became the battalion reserve, moving up to the battalion CP. D/187th was directed to move northeastward to a ravine and attack up Hill 937 from there. C/187th reversed direction and began moving eastward to reinforce B/187th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0362-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nB/187th continued to maneuver against a well-disciplined NVA force that was dug in about 200 metres (220\u00a0yd) to its front. To aid in evacuating casualties and in resupply, Honeycutt directed B/187th to prepare an LZ at its position. One of the helicopters inserting engineers and equipment to assist in constructing the LZ was hit by ground fire, causing it to crash and burn, resulting in seven casualties. With B/187th\u2019s assistance, the engineers completed the LZ by 15:00. Engineers cut another LZ 100 metres (110\u00a0yd) north of the battalion CP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0362-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nIn D/187th\u2019s sector, as Captain Sanders moved his men in single file over a jungle trail, they were hit simultaneously from three directions by NVA concealed high in the tree canopy. D/187th dispersed and returned fire, shredding the treetops. By evening, C/187th was in its NDP approximately 200 metres (220\u00a0yd) south of B/187th and 500 metres (550\u00a0yd) southeast of the lower LZ, having made no significant hostile contact during the day. B/187th's NDP was located 350 metres (380\u00a0yd) northeast of the lower LZ. D/187th was 500 metres (550\u00a0yd) to the north of the lower LZ. A/187th and Honeycutt\u2019s CP remained next to the upper LZ. Other than occasional NVA probes of the NDPs, the night was quiet. Artillery was placed on Hill 937 and its ridges throughout the night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 897]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0363-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nAt approximately 07:00 on 13 May, a forward air controller (FAC) arrived to direct airstrikes against the known NVA positions. After the airstrikes, B/187th and C/187th, now generally abreast but separated by approximately 200 metres (220\u00a0yd), resumed their climb toward the NVA positions. Both companies came under fire in the form of small arms, RPGs, and hand grenades. Fighter-bombers were overhead and airstrikes were immediately placed on the suspected NVA positions. B/187th and C/187th continued their push slowly forward in the face of heavy resistance. The response to these contacts was violent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0363-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nAs WIA from the two companies walked or were carried back down the trails, others, carrying ammunition and hand grenades, passed them going the other way. In C/187th\u2019s CP area, two men were killed and five wounded by attacking NVA; the artillery FO called in fire support and the attack was repulsed. FACs were always overhead to direct airstrikes on positions as pointed out by Lieutenant Colonel Honeycutt who was either on the ground with the companies or flying at a low level overhead to get a better view of the situation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0363-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nHelicopter gunships were likewise overhead throughout the day, responding to every call from the ground commanders. Although the NVA ground fire was continuous and they suffered casualties, B/187th and C/187th continued maneuvering toward Hill 937, attempting to gain a favorable position from which to launch a coordinated attack the next day. D/187th was having difficulties as well, reconnoitering about 900 metres (980\u00a0yd) north of B/187th. As they were wading across a river and climbing a ravine on the far riverbank, NVA hit them with mortars and RPGs, badly wounding three men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0363-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nOn the other side of the river, an RPG hit inside D/187th\u2019s 3rd Platoon, wounding five men. D/187th, split in two with its men on both sides of the river, returned fire and called in helicopter gunships and a medevac helicopter. As the wounded were being loaded into the hovering helicopter, it was hit by an RPG, causing it to crash, instantly killing two men on the ground and wounding another. Captain Sanders now had 14 casualties that would have to be carried out by litter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0363-0004", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nD/187th resumed its ascent up the mountain, climbing sheer cliffs, and took an hour to move 100 yards (91\u00a0m). By late afternoon, elements of A/187th reached D/187th. Torrential rain forced Sanders to halt and set an NDP. He called in artillery on his perimeter with close-in, sustained shelling throughout the night. The companies continued to detect NVA movement during the early evening and, just after midnight, the NVA hit the Rakkasan positions. A Spooky gunship equipped with rapid-fire miniguns was called in to spray the area. Artillery continued to pound Hill 937 during the night. After the day's action, Honeycutt was convinced that the NVA was occupying Hill 937 and the surrounding ridges in considerable strength; he made his plans for the following day accordingly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 908]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0364-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nOn 14 May, 3/187th made a concerted effort to push the NVA off Hill 937. The plan called for the battalion to approach the hill from three directions: B/187th from the west, C/187th also from the west but up a small finger ridge 150 metres (160\u00a0yd) south of B/187th, and D/187th from the north. At 06:45, the FAC reported in and began to direct napalm and 1000-pound high-explosive bomb strikes on the NVA locations in preparation for the attack. Each company was supported by a separate artillery preparation along their planned route of advance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0364-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nAs was his habit, Lieutenant Colonel Honeycutt instructed his company commanders to move toward the suspected NVA location, to watch their flanks, to use maximum reconnaissance by fire, and to stay spread out. He would keep airstrikes, artillery, helicopter gunships, and mortars striking the NVA. The ground attack started as planned shortly before 08:00 and, despite heavy air and artillery preparation, the Rakkasans came into immediate contact with the NVA. Although resistance was heavy, B/187th and C/187th continued to push forward. At 09:30, a B/187th platoon reached the ridgeline where it came under intense fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0364-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nAt the same time, C/187th found itself in a savage firefight when the NVA pounded them with mortars, RPGs, small-arms fire, and grenades rolled down on them. C/187th reported that it was being fired on from all directions and was pinned down. B/187th made three unsuccessful attempts to relieve C/187th and had seven men WIA. On the fourth attempt, B/187th succeeded in passing over the NVA bunker line, only to encounter a second bunker line. Honeycutt directed both companies to pull back to defensible positions. The lead elements began to withdraw under heavy NVA fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0364-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nOne soldier was killed and three wounded. Honeycutt directed A/187th to send a platoon to cover the withdrawal. C/187th\u2019s 2nd Platoon, covering the withdrawal, was hit with RPGs, killing or wounding six Rakkasans. C/187th now had a total of 52 KIA/WIA. While sporadic contact continued, the remainder of the day was devoted primarily to the evacuation of wounded and resupply. Honeycutt was informed by his company commanders that they had lost a total of 12 KIA and 80 WIA. By 19:20, he had medevaced out all his casualties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0364-0004", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nAt 20:00, a Spooky gunship arrived and shredded the area west of the Rakkasan positions toward the Laotian border during the night. There was no letup in the artillery bombardment of the NVA. Based on the day's contact, Honeycutt assessed the NVA strength on the hill as being between two companies and a battalion. He developed plans to hit the NVA positions again on 15 May, hopefully before they had an opportunity to reinforce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0364-0005", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nHis plan was for A/187th to relieve C/187th on B/187th\u2019s southern flank and to attack from a more southerly direction; B/187th was to attack again essentially along the same route due to the limited avenues of approach up the hill; and D/187th, operating to the northeast, was to continue attacking in that area. Colonel Conmy, who had been closely following developments, to include visiting the 3/187th CP on the ground, determined that additional forces would be required to take the Hill 937. Accordingly, he ordered 1/506th, which had been operating to the southwest of Hill 937, to begin moving toward the hill to reinforce 3/187th for its attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0365-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nOperations were initiated on the morning of 15 May as planned. The firebases continued their almost nonstop shelling of Hill 937, reducing what was once a triple-canopy covered hill to a barren landscape of tree stumps and torn-up ground. After completing the exchange between A/187th and C/187th, the Rakkasans began their movement back up the ridges of Hill 937. NVA resistance was extremely determined and by early afternoon, all three companies were in heavy contact.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0365-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nThe NVA employed command-detonated claymore mines that had been emplaced during the previous night to cover the ground that B/187th had attacked over the previous day, resulting in several casualties. After an airstrike was called in, B/187th moved forward and assaulted the firmly entrenched NVA, killing eight. In the early afternoon, A/187th and B/187th were about 150 metres (160\u00a0yd) from the top of the hill when sniper and machine-gun fire halted the advance. The NVA position was marked with smoke grenades and helicopter gunships were called in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0365-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nA supporting ARA helicopter gunship inadvertently fired into the B/187th CP, knocking out the company's command group; two men were killed and 14 wounded, including Captain Littman. A new company commander, Captain John C. Chappelle, was immediately dispatched, but the momentum of the attack was lost. In the meantime, A/187th continued slugging it out with the entrenched NVA and only progressed an additional 75 metres (82\u00a0yd) up the hill. The battalion CP was hit by RPGs during the afternoon, wounding 13 men including Lieutenant Colonel Honeycutt and his S3 (Operations), both of whom refused evacuation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0365-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nHoneycutt assessed the situation and determined that, while it appeared that A/187th could continue its advance, it was doubtful that B/187th, with its command group knocked out of action, would be able to continue. Additionally, D/187th, while progressing slowly, was in no position to support A/187th should they continue up the hill. Rather than risk putting a single company on the hill alone, Honeycutt canceled the attack and recommended that the companies pull back to their previous NDPs. While the companies returned to their previous night\u2019s positions, airstrikes and artillery continued to pound the hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0365-0004", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nSporadic contact continued throughout the night, including a probe by NVA sappers on C/187th\u2019s perimeter and that of the battalion CP. Honeycutt requested and received continuous close air support from minigun-equipped AC\u2013119 Shadow gunships in addition to the always available artillery support. It became apparent, based on the day's contact, that the NVA force was more than just a battalion-sized element as originally suspected. Some of the NVA killed during the day had fresh haircuts, clean uniforms, and new weapons, confirming that reinforcements were being slipped into the area from across the Laotian border.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 748]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0365-0005", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nThe NVA appeared to be well-trained and disciplined, adept at camouflage and concealment, and capable of delivering high volumes of fire against the Rakkasans. Based on a review of the situation, Colonel Conmy decided not to attempt another ground attack up Hill 937 until 1/506th was in a position to support 3/187th from the south. That evening, 1/506th reported that it was within 1,200 metres (1,300\u00a0yd) of the lower LZ.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0366-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nHoneycutt directed his artillery liaison officer to give this message to the division staff: \"I want you to make sure that everybody gets this. And I mean the artillery people and the gunship pilots and the liaison officers \u2026 everybody. I don't want any more ARA out here if they can't shoot the enemy instead of us. I'm tired of taking more casualties from friendlies than from the enemy. The next goddamn sonofabitch who comes out here and shoots us up, we're gonna shoot his fuckin' ass down. And that's final. Now you go back and tell 'em that.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0367-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nThe seventh day of the battle for Dong Ap Bia, 16 May, began identical to the previous six, with airstrikes and seemingly perpetual artillery rounds dropping onto both known and suspected NVA locations. Even so, the NVA held their positions. There were no significant contacts in 3/187th\u2019s sectors during the day. The line companies remained in the vicinity of their NDPs preparing for their next attack up the ridges, which was planned for the following morning if 1/506th was able to get in position by then.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0367-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nRealizing that D/187th's three days of trying to find an approach to the top of the mountain through the ravine was enough, Lieutenant Colonel Honeycutt told Captain Sanders to move D/197th to secure the lower LZ. Honeycutt planned the next day\u2019s attack with A/187th leading off, supported by 1/506th on its flank. However, the already slow movement of 1/506th was slowed even further by increasing NVA resistance. A platoon-sized NVA force hit 1/506th\u2019s lead elements along separate routes of advance with heavy fire from the three other hill masses on Dong Ap Bia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0367-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nArtillery, airstrikes, and helicopter gunships were employed to suppress the NVA; however, the enemy persisted. It became obvious that 1/506th would not be in position to support 3/187th for the coordinated attack on Hill 937 that was planned for the following morning. Without the help of 1/506th, Honeycutt had to cancel the attack. Colonel Conmy would not allow Honeycutt to conduct another ground attack up Hill 937 until he had 1/506th to support 3/187th. On 17 May, 1/506th had still not arrived to support 3/187th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0367-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nTherefore, Honeycutt rescheduled the two-battalion attack on Hill 937 for the next day and used the time to prepare his battalion for the upcoming assault. Honeycutt planned to have elements of 3/187th move to positions from which to provide fire support for the main attack by 1/506th coming from the southwest. It was decided that the best way to support 1/506th\u2019s attack was to move up Hill 937 and exert maximum pressure on the NVA defenses from the northwest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0367-0004", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nThe attack would be supported by a CS gas (tear gas) preparation in addition to the usual tactical airstrikes and artillery preparation. Flak jackets were issued to the attacking companies to reduce casualties even though the extreme heat made wearing them almost unbearable. New gas masks, extra ammunition, and other supplies were also issued. Meanwhile, 1/506th continued its movement toward Hill 937 during the day, facing increasing resistance as they advanced. The NVA on the south side of the hill, as on the north side, were well dug-in and occupied concentric rows of mutually supporting bunkers. 1/506th continued their advance, fighting from bunker to bunker to progress, supported by continuous artillery, helicopter gunships, and airstrikes. By nightfall, 1/506th was finally in position to launch its attack the next day. The artillery pounding of the NVA positions continued throughout the night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 1039]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0368-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nOn the morning of 18 May, with both 3/187th and 1/506th in position to begin their attacks, airstrikes were again placed on the Dong Ap Bia mountaintop to soften up the NVA positions. The once thickly covered hill mass was completely bald. The airstrikes were followed by an intense artillery preparation and then the CS gas preparation that proved to be only marginally effective because of the weather conditions. At 10:25, the two battalions moved out, 3/187th with three companies from the north and 1/506th with three companies from the south.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0368-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nLieutenant Colonel Honeycutt directed A/187th and D/187th to advance up the two finger ridges found to be the only access routes to the summit. Both companies were immediately engaged. D/187th\u2019s 3rd Platoon was in the lead when it was particularly hard hit at a bunker line by NVA automatic-weapons fire, RPGs, and claymore mines; casualties were heavy. Captain Sanders told his 3rd Platoon leader to keep his men moving up the ridge. Sanders knew that he had to keep moving or lose more men. Sanders was subsequently wounded and First Lieutenant Jerry Walden took over command of the company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0368-0002", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nAt 11:37, Walden reported that he was within 75 metres (82\u00a0yd) of the summit. Minutes later, he was wounded by shrapnel. D/187th was now being lead by NCOs and was running out of ammunition. Honeycutt directed D/187th to hold in place and dispatched C/187th to reinforce D/187th, taking all the ammo it could carry. Captain Johnson was directed to take command of both D/187th and his own company. In trying to reach D/187th, C/187th had to fight its way up the ridge under heavy fire and was pinned down for a short time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0368-0003", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nAfter Johnson reached D/187th, he told his 1st Platoon leader to move his platoon further up the ridge. The men leapfrogged forward. The mountaintop was only 100 metres (110\u00a0yd) above them. To the south of D/187th, A/187th\u2019s 3rd Platoon led the company's climb up a thirty-degree slope, assaulted and overran a line of bunkers, and attacked a second line of bunkers. Honeycutt realized the seriousness of the situation despite optimistic reports from his company commanders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0368-0004", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nFrom his command helicopter, Honeycutt saw that 1/506th had moved only about 100 metres (110\u00a0yd) against strong opposition and was in no position to assist with a coordinated assault on the mountaintop. He radioed Colonel Conmy and requested an additional \u201cfully intact air assault company.\u201d Conmy approved the request and informed Honeycutt that his reinforcing company would be airborne shortly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0368-0005", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nSince it was becoming increasingly difficult to move in the face of the withering NVA fire, the attack was halted from 12:50 until 13:30 while the NVA was again hit with a concentrated mix of napalm and bomb strikes, artillery, helicopter gunships, and mortars. The attack resumed and the determined infantry companies were almost on top of Dong Ap Bia when they were repulsed by an enemy who blew claymore mines and grenades amid their own positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0368-0006", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nHoneycutt, overhead in his helicopter, called in airstrikes, artillery, and mortar fire on the NVA positions, and guided his companies in directions that appeared to have the best chance of success. He began to feel that his Rakkasans were finally going to take the mountain after nine days of fighting. As he landed at B/187th\u2019s LZ, the sky darkened, the wind increased, and a heavy driving rain began to fall. Visibility dropped to 20 metres (22\u00a0yd). The rain continued, turning the slopes of the bald hill into a mudslide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0368-0007", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nThe soldiers could not keep their footing and kept sliding down the hill. Honeycutt directed A/187th and D/187th to halt their advance until the rain stopped. With casualties mounting, heavy rain falling, and considering that 1/506th was having an equally hard time progressing up the other side of the mountain, Honeycutt decided to pull back his battalion to avoid taking any more casualties. C/187th covered the withdrawal of A/187th and D/187th. By 15:30, all three companies had pulled back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0369-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nMeanwhile, General Zais had been following the action, as he had been doing since 10 May. To have a clear picture of what was happening, he spent most of every day either overhead, following the action from his helicopter, or on the ground talking with the soldiers and their leaders, getting a first-hand view of the tactical situation and the hardships facing the soldiers. At this point in the battle, Zais had a choice to make \u2013 cancel the operation or press on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0369-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nAfter carefully reviewing the situation, Zais decided to reinforce 3/187th and 1/506th with two additional battalions to surround Dong Ap Bia. Zais discussed his decision with the 1st ARVN Division\u2019s commanding general, who eagerly made 2/3 ARVN available as one of the reinforcing battalions. 2/501st, which had been operating east of the A Shau Valley was designated to be the second reinforcing battalion. During the night, plans were developed for a four battalion coordinated attack on the morning of 20 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0370-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nHoneycutt had been told to expect a reinforcing company. General Zais, concerned about 3/187th\u2019s casualties, 14 KIA and 64 WIA, had countermanded Conmy\u2019s order. At 17:00, Zais arrived at Honeycutt\u2019s CP and asked him if he could continue the fight. Honeycutt said he could with the addition of another company. \u201cGeneral, if there is anybody that deserves to take that sonofabitch, it\u2019s the Rakkasans \u2013 and you know that as well as I do.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0370-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nAnd there is just no goddamn way in hell that I want to see Sherron and 2/506th come in here and take that mountain after all we've been through. And if it ain't gonna be that way, then you just fire my ass right now.\" Zais thought about it for a minute and then said, \"Okay, you can have your company.\" At 18:30, A/2/506th landed by helicopter on the upper LZ, joining B/187th in the blocking position while A/187th, C/187th, and D/187th set up NDPs in place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0371-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\nWhen the battalion colors returned to Fort Campbell, the unit had distinguished itself by earning two Valorous Unit Awards, and its third and fourth Presidential Unit Citations for the battles of Trang Bang and Dong Ap Bia Mountain (commonly known as \"Hamburger Hill\"). The Iron Rakkasans emerged from the Vietnam War as the country's most highly decorated airborne battalion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0372-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Vietnam War (interim edit), 1969, Dong Ap Bia Mountain (Hamburger Hill) (interim edit)\n3/187th Infantry's exploits from 10 to 20 May 1969 on Hill 937 in the A Shau Valley were depicted in a 1987 movie using the hill's nickname Hamburger Hill as the title. For this action, the unit received the Presidential Unit Citation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 127], "content_span": [128, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0373-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Vietnam\nWhen the 101st returned from Vietnam, most of its personnel in the rank of staff sergeant and below were discharged upon arrival at Oakland, California, or Seattle, Washington. What remained largely consisted of a command group of staff officers and senior NCOs. The division settled into buildings recently vacated by the US Army Training Center at Fort Campbell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0374-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Vietnam\nWhen the 101st was rebuilt, the separate 173rd Airborne Brigade was inactivated and its assets used to form the 3rd Brigade as an airborne unit consisting of 1/503rd Infantry, 2/503rd Infantry, and 3/187th Infantry. The partial airborne capability also extended to supporting units of the division (i.e., one company of three in a supporting unit was airborne). This lasted only until April 1974, when jump status for the 3rd Brigade was terminated, and the Airmobile Badge (renamed Air Assault Badge later that year) was introduced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0375-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Vietnam\nIn October 1983 the 1st, 2nd, and 4th Battalions, 187th Infantry, were activated, and on 21 November 1984, 5th Battalion was activated. The 1st and 2nd Battalions were assigned to the 193rd Infantry Brigade in the Panama Canal Zone and the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Battalions were assigned to the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) at Fort Campbell. The 4th and 5th Battalions were created by reflagging the existing 1/503rd and 2/503rd, the colors of which were soon reactivated in Korea within the 2nd Infantry Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0375-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Vietnam\nThe Panama-based 2/187th included one airborne company (Moatengators) within the battalion, and later jump status was expanded to the entire battalion. 2/187th was the last airborne battalion of the 187th. During a realignment of the Army's combat forces in 1987, the 1st and 2d Battalions were inactivated and the 5th and 4th Battalions were reflagged as the 1st and 2nd Battalions, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0376-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Vietnam\nFrom July 1984 to January, 1985, the 4th Battalion, reorganized at TF-4-187 (Rakkasan Raiders) deployed to the Sinai Desert, Egypt as the United States' contingent of the Multinational Force and Observers peacekeeping mission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0377-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Post\u2013Vietnam\nFrom September 1988 through March 1989, the 1st Battalion reorganized as Task Force 1\u2013187 and deployed to the Sinai Desert, Egypt as the United States' contingent of the Multinational Force and Observers peacekeeping mission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0378-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Gulf War\nIn September 1990 the Rakkasans were deployed to Saudi Arabia during Operation Desert Shield. In February 1991 two companies from the 1st Battalion captured 434 Iraqi soldiers during the air assault into Objective Weber and on 25 February the Rakkasans conducted the deepest and largest air assault operation in history. Striking 155 miles (249\u00a0km) behind enemy lines into the Euphrates river valley, the assault led to the timely defeat of Iraqi forces and contributed to a total allied victory. The unit moved farther north than any other unit during Operation Desert Storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0379-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Between the Gulf War and the Global War On Terrorism\nFrom 1991 to 1993 the 3-187 was commanded by Lt. Colonel (later General) David H. Petraeus who renamed the battalion the \"Iron Rakkasans\" after the physical training test he created. CSM Donald Purdy was the Battalion Command Sergeant Major during this time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0380-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Between the Gulf War and the Global War On Terrorism\nIn 1995 the Iron Rakkasans battalion was organized as Task Force 3-187 and deployed to the Sinai Peninsula in July 1995. The Iron Rakkasans were responsible for the southern portion of Zone C and based at South Camp, Sharm el Sheik, Egypt. During the deployment, they were instrumental in the recovery of casualties from an accident near one of the sector control centers and evacuating them to hospitals utilizing Multinational Forces Helicopters. On 23 November 1995, the 7.3 Mw Gulf of Aqaba earthquake hit the Sinai Peninsula. Again the Iron Rakkasans performed road recon and rescue operations throughout the peninsula. The Iron Rakkasans earned an Army Superior Unit Award for their actions during the deployment. The unit returned to the United States in January 1996.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 869]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0381-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Between the Gulf War and the Global War On Terrorism\nIn September 1996, elements of Raider Rakkasan (2nd Battalion),  Alpha Co. \"Blackhawks,\" Charlie Co. \"Hard Rock,\" and Bravo Co. \"Warriors,\" 2nd Battalion deployed to Saudi Arabia  through April 1997 in support of Operation Desert Focus, providing force protection for U.S. personnel in support of U.S. air assets in Saudi Arabia relocated from Dhahran and from Riyadh to the remote Prince Sultan Air Base, Camp Eagle Town II. The move's purpose was force protection, and came in the wake of 25 June 1996 terrorist bombing at Khobar Towers which killed 19 airmen and wounded many more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0381-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Between the Gulf War and the Global War On Terrorism\nU.S. and Saudi Arabian officials agreed to split the $200 million cost of relocating more than 4,000 US troops. Some 2nd Battalion soldiers were awarded the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, the Army Achievement Medal Army Superior Unit Award and the CIB. LTC Twomey was the battalion commander. Elements of 1/187th, deployed to Saudi, were part of Operation Desert Eagle, From Sept. to Dec. 1997.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0382-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Between the Gulf War and the Global War On Terrorism\nFrom February 2000 through August 2000 1-187 deployed to Kosovo for peacekeeping operations as a part of Task Force Falcon in support of Operation Joint Guardian.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 93], "content_span": [94, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0383-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Afghanistan and Iraq\nIn 2001\u20132002, following the attacks of 9-11, the Rakkasans deployed to Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom where they most notably participated in Operation Anaconda in the eastern Shah-i-Khot region. The 2d Battalion (Raider Rakkasans) as well as Companies B,C, and D, 1st Battalion (Leader Rakkasan), were awarded the Valorous Unit Award for combat valor during this period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0384-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Afghanistan and Iraq\nIn 2003, the Rakkasans, commanded by Colonel Mike Linnington, were deployed for the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The 3d Battalion, 187th Infantry was temporarily attached to the 3d Infantry Division and accompanied them during the push into Baghdad. While attached to the 3d Infantry Division, 3d Battalion cleared the Republican Guard headquarters and Baghdad International Airport in April 2003. For this action the battalion earned an unprecedented fifth Presidential Unit Citation. Following the invasion, 3d Battalion conducted six months of security operations near Rabia, Iraq, on the Syrian border, to block the flow of foreign fighters. Prior to returning stateside in January 2004 the Iron Rakkasans conducted combat operations in Husaybah, Iraq with the 3d Armored Cavalry Regiment. Once back in the US the battalion added a forward support company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 916]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0385-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Afghanistan and Iraq\nBefore moving north to Ninawa Governorate (province), the Rakkasans conducted extensive stability and support operations in Baghdad's southeast sector. The Rakkasans conducted the majority of their operations in the northwest of Ninevah province with the 1st Battalion, 187th Infantry focusing efforts around Tallafar, Zumar, and Avgani. The 2d Battalion, 187th Infantry worked primarily around Sinjar and Baji, and the 3d Battalion was headquartered in Rabia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0386-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Afghanistan and Iraq\nThey returned to Fort Campbell in 2004 and redeployed to Iraq again in the fall of 2005. During their second tour in Iraq, they focused operations in Salah ad Din province, with the 3d Battalion. The brigade commander was Colonel Michael D. Steele. During this deployment that the brigade conducted \"Operation Swarmer,\" one of the largest combat operations in Iraq since the initial invasion. Rakkasans worked with Iraqi Army soldiers throughout Salah ad Din province defeating insurgents, Al Qaeda cells, and uncovering numerous caches of weapons and explosives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0387-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Afghanistan and Iraq\nIn October 2007 the Rakkasans again deployed to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom 07-09 led by brigade commander Col. Dominic Caraccilo. The brigade was headquartered at Camp Striker near Baghdad with an area of operation that extended from the Euphrates river in the west to the Tigris in the east and ran south from Baghdad to Al-Mahmudiyah. This area included the Triangle of Death which had seen significant violence in the war and was often a staging area for the insurgency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0387-0001", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Afghanistan and Iraq\nAs a unit following the surge, the Rakkasans manned combat outposts throughout the rural areas to provide local security for the populace, partner with Iraqi defense and police forces, and facilitate numerous economic and developmental projects. When the Rakkasans redeployed to Fort Campbell at the end of their tour in November 2008, they did not transfer authority to an incoming U.S. military unit. Instead, the area became the responsibility of the partnered Iraqi forces marking a significant step in the transference of security and authority from coalition forces to the Iraqis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0388-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Afghanistan and Iraq\nIn January 2010, the Rakkasans again deployed to Regional Command East in Afghanistan for a 12-month deployment. Special Troops Battalion, 3D Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne, received the Valorous Unit Award, for Heroism in Action, between 1 April 2010 and 31 August 2010; at Combat Outpost Sabari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0389-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Afghanistan and Iraq\nOn 6 September 2016, the U.S. Army announced it would deploy about 1,400 soldiers from 3d Brigade Combat Team to Afghanistan in fall 2016 in support of Operation Freedom's Sentinel \u2013 the U.S. counter-terrorism operation against the remnants of al-Qaeda, ISIS\u2013K and other terror groups. Senior leadership referred to the 3d Brigade Combat Team as being exceptional. Brig. Gen. Scott Brower stated that the Rakkasans are trained, well-led, and prepared to accomplish any mission given to them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0390-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Heraldry, lineage, and honors, Coat of arms\nThe symbolism includes:Slang term\u00a0: Angels From Hell, For retired insignia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0391-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Heraldry, lineage, and honors, Coat of arms\nThe coat of arms was originally approved on 15 December 1952 for the 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment. It was redesignated for the 187th Infantry Regiment on 7 February 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0392-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), Heraldry, lineage, and honors, Decorations\nThe 187th is one of the most highly decorated units in the United States Army. Its unit awards include the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0393-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), In film\nThe \"Rakkasans\" are portrayed in the 1987 movie Hamburger Hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026627-0394-0000", "contents": "187th Infantry Regiment (United States), In film\nThe 187th AIR was also portrayed in the 2003 movie Big Fish. Ewan McGregor's character returns home from the Korean War wearing the", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026628-0000-0000", "contents": "187th New York Infantry Regiment\nThe 187th New York Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026628-0001-0000", "contents": "187th New York Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe 187th New York Infantry was organized beginning September 1, 1864 at Buffalo, New York and mustered in October 8\u201313, 1864 for one-year service under the command of Colonel William F. Berens. Only nine companies were filled and served under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Myers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026628-0002-0000", "contents": "187th New York Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe regiment was attached to 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps, Army of the Potomac, to July 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026628-0003-0000", "contents": "187th New York Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe 187th New York Infantry mustered out of service July 1, 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026628-0004-0000", "contents": "187th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service\nLeft New York for Petersburg, Va., October 1, 1864. Siege of Petersburg, Va., October 20, 1864 to April 2, 1865. Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, October 27\u201328, 1864. Warren's Raid on Weldon Railroad December 7\u201312. Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, February 5\u20136, 1865. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9. Lewis Farm, near Gravelly Run, March 29. Junction of Quaker and Boydton Roads March 29. White Oak Road March 31. Five Forks April 1. Fall of Petersburg April 2. Pursuit of Lee April 3\u20139. Appomattox Court House April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army. March to Washington, D.C., May 1\u201312. Grand Review of the Armies May 23. Duty at Washington, D.C., until July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026628-0005-0000", "contents": "187th New York Infantry Regiment, Casualties\nThe regiment lost a total of 47 men during service; 15 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 32 enlisted men died of disease.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0000-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature\nThe 187th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 7, 1987, to December 31, 1988, during the fifth and sixth years of Mario Cuomo's governorship, in Albany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0001-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, Background\nUnder the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1938 and the U.S. Supreme Court decision to follow the One man, one vote rule, re-apportioned in 1982 by the Legislature, 61 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts for two-year terms. Senate and Assembly districts consisted of approximately the same number of inhabitants, the area being apportioned contiguously without restrictions regarding county boundaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0002-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, Background\nAt this time there were two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The Conservative Party, the Right to Life Party, the Liberal Party, the New Alliance Party and the Socialist Workers Party also nominated tickets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0003-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, Elections\nThe New York state election, 1986, was held on November 4. Governor Mario Cuomo was re-elected, and Congressman Stan Lundine was elected Lieutenant Governor, both Democrats. The elections to the other three statewide elective offices resulted in the re-election of the three incumbent officeholders: a Republican Comptroller, a Democratic Attorney General and a Republican U.S. Senator. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for Governor, was: Democrats 2,655,000; Republicans 1,212,000; Conservatives 152,000; Right to Life 131,000; Liberals 120,000; New Alliance 24,000. The Socialist Workers' candidate for U.S. Senator polled about 7,300 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0004-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, Elections\n21 of the 24 women members of the previous legislature\u2014State Senators Mary B. Goodhue (Rep.), a lawyer of Mount Kisco; Nancy Larraine Hoffmann (Dem. ), of Syracuse; Olga A. M\u00e9ndez (Dem. ), of East Harlem; Velmanette Montgomery (Dem. ), of Brooklyn; and Suzi Oppenheimer (Dem. ), of Mamaroneck; and Assemblywomen Elizabeth Connelly (Dem. ), of Staten Island; Pinny Cooke (Rep.), of Rochester; Geraldine L. Daniels (Dem. ), of the Bronx; Gloria Davis (Dem. ), of the Bronx; Eileen C. Dugan (Dem. ), of Brooklyn; Aurelia Greene (Dem. ), of the Bronx; Rhoda S. Jacobs (Dem. ), of Brooklyn; Cynthia Jenkins (Dem. ), a librarian of Queens; Gerdi E. Lipschutz (Dem. ), of Queens; Helen M. Marshall (Dem. ), a teacher and librarian of Queens; Nettie Mayersohn (Dem. ), of Queens; Mary M. McPhillips (Dem. ), of Middletown; Catherine Nolan (Dem. ), of Queens; Barbara Patton (Dem. ), a lawyer of Hempstead; Toni Rettaliata (Rep.), of Huntington; and Helene Weinstein (Dem. ), a lawyer of Brooklyn\u2014were re-elected. Barbara M. Clark (Dem. ), of Queens, was also elected to the Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 1119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0005-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, Elections\nOn April 28, 1987, Audrey Pheffer (Dem. ), of Queens, was elected to fill the vacancy in the Assembly caused by the resignation of Gerdi E. Lipschutz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0006-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, Elections\nOn June 16, 1987, Patricia McGee (Rep.), of Franklinville, was elected to fill a vacancy in the Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0007-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, Elections\nThe New York state election, 1987, was held on November 3. Assemblywoman Toni Rettaliata (Rep.) was elected as Supervisor of the Town of Huntington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0008-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, Elections\nOn March 15, 1988, Earlene Hill Hooper (Dem. ), of Hempstead, was elected to fill the vacancy in the Assembly caused by the appointment of Barbara Patton to the NYS Workers' Compensation Board. Thus a total of 25 women were members of this Legislature, but not more than 23 at the same time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0009-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, Sessions\nThe Legislature met for the first regular session (the 210th) at the State Capitol in Albany on January 7, 1987; and recessed indefinitely in the morning of July 11.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0010-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, Sessions\nWarren M. Anderson (Rep.) was re-elected Temporary President of the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0011-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, Sessions\nThe Legislature met for the second regular session (the 211th) at the State Capitol in Albany on January 6, 1988; and recessed indefinitely in the morning of August 25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0012-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, Sessions\nThe Legislature met again from November 28, to December 1, 1988. This session was called, among other issues, to consider legislation concerning the Shoreham Nuclear Power Plant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0013-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, Sessions\nThe Legislature met again on December 28, 1988, to increase the salaries of the next session's state legislators, and the state commissioners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0014-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators\nThe asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Nicholas A. Spano and Randy Kuhl changed from the Assembly to the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0015-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators\nNote: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words \"...the Committee on (the)...\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0016-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assembly members\nThe asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 66], "content_span": [67, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026629-0017-0000", "contents": "187th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assembly members\nNote: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words \"...the Committee on (the)...\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 66], "content_span": [67, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026630-0000-0000", "contents": "187th Ohio Infantry Regiment\nThe 187th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 187th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 187th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026630-0001-0000", "contents": "187th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe 187th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio, and mustered in for one year service on March 2, 1865, under the command of Colonel Andrew R. Z. Dawson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026630-0002-0000", "contents": "187th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe regiment was left Ohio for Nashville, Tennessee, March 3, 1865. Served provost duty at Nashville, Dalton, and Macon, Georgia, until January 1866. Attached to 1st Brigade, 2nd Separate Division, District of the Etowah, and Department of Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026630-0003-0000", "contents": "187th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe 187th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service January 20, 1866.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026630-0004-0000", "contents": "187th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties\nThe regiment lost a total of 54 men during service; 1 enlisted man killed and 1 officer and 52 enlisted men due to disease.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026631-0000-0000", "contents": "187th Paratroopers Regiment \"Folgore\"\nThe 187th Paratroopers Regiment \"Folgore\" (Italian: 187\u00b0 Reggimento Paracadutisti \"Folgore\") is an active unit of the Italian Army based in Livorno in Tuscany. The regiment is part of the army's infantry corps' Paracadutisti speciality  and operationally assigned to the Paratroopers Brigade \"Folgore\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026631-0001-0000", "contents": "187th Paratroopers Regiment \"Folgore\", Current structure\nAs of 2019 the 187th Paratroopers Regiment \"Folgore\" consists of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026631-0002-0000", "contents": "187th Paratroopers Regiment \"Folgore\", Current structure\nThe Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon. The regiment is equipped with VTLM Lince vehicles. The 10th Paratroopers Maneuver Support Company is equipped with 120mm mortars and Spike MR anti-tank guided missiles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026632-0000-0000", "contents": "188\nYear 188 (CLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Fuscianus and Silanus (or, less frequently, year 941 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 188 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 3], "section_span": [3, 3], "content_span": [4, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026633-0000-0000", "contents": "188 (number)\n188 (one hundred [and] eighty-eight) is the natural number following 187 and preceding 189.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026634-0000-0000", "contents": "188 BC\nYear 188 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Messalla and Salinator (or, less frequently, year 566 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 188 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 6], "section_span": [6, 6], "content_span": [7, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026635-0000-0000", "contents": "188 Menippe\nMenippe (minor planet designation: 188 Menippe) is a main belt asteroid. The object has a bright surface and rocky composition. It was discovered by C. H. F. Peters on June 18, 1878, in Clinton, New York, and named after Menippe, one of the daughters of Orion in Greek mythology.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026635-0001-0000", "contents": "188 Menippe\nPhotometric observations during 2010 showed a synodic rotation period of 11.98 \u00b1 0.02 hours and a brightness variation of 0.28 \u00b1 0.02 in magnitude. Because the rotation period is close to twelve hours, observations were needed at two widely separated observatories in order to build a light curve for the complete rotation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026636-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\n1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1880th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 880th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 80th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  1st   year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1880, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026637-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on August 2, 1880, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama. Incumbent Democrat Rufus W. Cobb ran for reelection to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026638-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Amherst football team\nThe 1880 Amherst football team represented Amherst College during the 1880 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026639-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Argentine presidential election\nThe Argentine presidential election of 1880 was held on 12 April to choose the president of Argentina. Julio Argentino Roca was elected president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026639-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Argentine presidential election, Background\nA leader of the Conquest of the Desert, as well as of the suppression of Mitre's 1874 uprising and others, President Avellaneda had decided on General Julio Roca as his successor, early on. Memories of Mitre's defeat did not sit well with Buenos Aires separatists, and this faction nominated the Governor of Buenos Aires Province, Carlos Tejedor. Roca's 11 April 1880, selection by the electoral college was followed by Tejedor's armed insurrection, and though the latter was defeated, Mitre brokered negotiations between Tejedor's separatists and the national government. These negotiations eventually result in the Federalization of Buenos Aires in September, stabilizing the powerful province's position within Argentina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1880 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and fall of 1880. This is the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. In the 1880 Atlantic season there were two tropical storms, seven hurricanes, and two major hurricanes (Category\u00a03+). However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0000-0001", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season\nAn undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. Of the known 1880 cyclones, Hurricane Six was first documented in 1995 by Jos\u00e9 Fern\u00e1ndez-Partag\u00e1s and Henry D\u00edaz. They also proposed large changes to the known tracks of several other storms for this year and 're-instated' Hurricane Ten to the database. A preliminary reanalysis by Michael Chenoweth, published in 2014, found thirteen storms, nine hurricanes, and four major hurricanes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) recognizes eleven tropical cyclones for the 1880 season. In the 1880 there were two tropical storms, seven hurricanes, and two major hurricanes in the Atlantic basin. Several of the storms caused considerable loss of life. Tropical Storm One impacted the Texas coast in late June. Hurricane Two was, at one point, an intense Category\u00a04 hurricane. It caused extensive destruction and loss of life at Matamoros, Mexico, and at Port Isabel, Texas. Hurricane Three impacted Cuba, Jamaica and the Bahamas; it caused thirty deaths in Jamaica. Hurricane Four made two landfalls, both in Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0001-0001", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nThe first was near present-day Cocoa Beach on August\u00a029 as a Category\u00a02 hurricane and the second was on the Florida Panhandle as a tropical storm. The storm caused a shipwreck resulting in several deaths. Hurricane Five was a Category\u00a01 hurricane active between August\u00a026 and September\u00a04, which remained at sea. Hurricane Six originated as a tropical storm in the Gulf of Mexico, which, having crossed the Florida peninsula, developed into a Category\u00a01 hurricane off the coast of South Carolina on September\u00a09.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0001-0002", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nHurricane Seven was a Category\u00a01 hurricane first seen on September\u00a08 off the coast of Georgia. It moved northwards and on September\u00a010 hit Newfoundland as a tropical storm. Hurricane Eight was an intense Category\u00a04 hurricane active at the end of September and start of October. It did not make landfall anywhere but was responsible for several shipwrecks. Hurricane Nine developed from a tropical storm in the Gulf of Mexico. It impacted both the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula and Florida and brought violent gales along the Eastern Seaboard between Cape Hatteras and Jacksonville, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0001-0003", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nHurricane Ten was a Category\u00a01 hurricane that formed south of Bermuda on October\u00a010. Although it never made landfall and weakened first to a tropical storm then to an extratropical storm within a week, it did strike several ships. The last storm of the year was Tropical Storm Eleven which is known to have existed for three days in October to the northeast of the Abaco Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nThe season generated an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) of 131\u00a0units, which was above the 1981\u20132010\u00a0median of 92. Based on other metrics, however, the season was near average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nThe first tropical storm of the season formed early on June\u00a021, about 215\u00a0miles (345\u00a0km) south-southwest of Cape San Blas, Florida. On the same date, the schooner James Andrew registered a small area of severe winds and squalls. Over the next few days, the system moved generally westward to west-northwestward, maintaining winds of 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h). At 15:00\u00a0UTC on June\u00a025, the slow-moving cyclone made landfall southwest of present-day Bay City, Texas. The system then weakened rapidly as it headed inland, dissipating eighteen hours later. A weather station in Galveston recorded 2.56 inches (65\u00a0mm) of rain in an eight-hour period. No other effects were reported in Texas or in neighbouring Louisiana. A preliminary reanalysis in 2014 concluded that the system did not qualify as an organized tropical system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 874]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nThe second tropical cyclone and first hurricane of the season originated about 130\u00a0miles (210\u00a0km) east of Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, at 00:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a04. The cyclone tracked westward through the southernmost Leeward Islands, generating southeast winds, rain, and sea-level pressures of 29.78\u00a0inHg (1,008\u00a0mb). Gradually strengthening, it reached hurricane intensity on August\u00a06, and passed 35\u00a0miles (55\u00a0km) south of Jamaica, producing unsettled weather and falling barometers in Kingston. The storm attained winds of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h) at 12:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a07\u2014an intensity it maintained over the next few days while turning west-northwestward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0004-0001", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nOn August\u00a09, the hurricane struck the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula near Puerto Morelos, and weakened significantly as it headed inland. Reaching the southern Gulf of Mexico as a tropical storm on August\u00a010, the cyclone then underwent steady intensification: forty-eight hours later, it became a major hurricane, and peaked at 150\u00a0mph (240\u00a0km/h) early on August\u00a013. At 01:00\u00a0UTC, the strong Category\u00a04 hurricane made landfall in northern Tamaulipas, 15\u00a0miles (25\u00a0km) south of Port Isabel, Texas, and passed over Matamoros and Brownsville. The system weakened as it paralleled the Rio Grande, curved into South Texas, and dissipated on August\u00a014.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nThe storm caused several ships to be lost or stranded in or near the Yucat\u00e1n Channel. Hurricane-force winds occurred offshore of western Cuba. Hitting close to the Mexico\u2013United States border, the powerful cyclone severely impacted both nations. The pressure in the storm was determined to be 931\u00a0mb (27.5\u00a0inHg) at the time of landfall, based on a reading of 28.315\u00a0inHg (958.9\u00a0mb) coincident with hurricane-force winds at Brownsville, an inland site. The cyclone destroyed three hundred homes in Matamoros and downed buildings and fences in Brownsville. At the latter place, debris covered streets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0005-0001", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nStrong winds destroyed twenty structures at Fort Brown, the barracks sustained damage, and thirty-five horses and mules died. Ten vessels sank in the Rio Grande and at Port Isabel, resulting in three deaths. The storm levelled buildings, killed domestic pigs, and generated a storm surge of 8\u00a0ft (2.4\u00a0m) on Padre Island. The storm also ruined 10\u00a0mi (16\u00a0km) of track bed in Texas. Seven deaths took place on land: two in Matamoros, \"at least\" five in Brownsville. Total fatalities in the storm numbered thirty or more, primarily at sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe third tropical cyclone and second hurricane of the season developed 75\u00a0miles (120\u00a0km) northeast of Barbados early on August\u00a015. Pursuing a parabolic path, it headed west-southwest across Saint Lucia, and a ship noted heavy squalls near Guadeloupe. On August\u00a016, the fast-moving tropical storm, then nearing hurricane intensity, turned westward over the eastern Caribbean Sea. At 00:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a018, upon reaching hurricane status, it commenced a northwestward course toward Jamaica. On the same date, the ship Nith registered a pressure of 29.15\u00a0inHg (987\u00a0mb) in the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0006-0001", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nAt 00:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a019, the cyclone peaked with winds of 90\u00a0mph (150\u00a0km/h), and shortly afterward struck Kingston, Jamaica. While traversing eastern Jamaica, the cyclone weakened, and turned northward to strike Pil\u00f3n, Cuba, with winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h). The storm lost hurricane intensity after landfall, turned to the north-northeast, and swiftly crossed the Bahamas on August\u00a020. The storm was last identifiable at 18:00\u00a0UTC, over the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with winds of 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0007-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe eye of the storm passed directly over Kingston, Jamaica, with a measured central pressure of 28.93\u00a0inHg (980\u00a0mb). In Jamaica, the storm inflicted \"immense\" destruction. At Yallahs, the storm wrecked fifty-nine houses. In Saint George Parish, 116 homes were levelled. Hundreds of homes were destroyed at Richmond. The local hospital, chapels, and a church were destroyed at Morant Bay. In Saint John Parish, the storm destroyed forty houses. The military barracks at Up-Park Camp were destroyed, with losses totalling $50,000. Banana crops were destroyed in a 12-mile (19\u00a0km) area near Port Maria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0007-0001", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nOf the forty-five vessels at anchor in Kingston, only two were undamaged. Most of the wharves in Kingston were destroyed. The hurricane was responsible for thirty deaths in Jamaica. The hurricane brought squally conditions to eastern Cuba. Manzanillo recorded a minimum barometric pressure of 29.30\u00a0inHg (992\u00a0mb). A preliminary reanalysis in 2014 classified the storm as a Category\u00a03 hurricane in Jamaica, based on an unconfirmed ship report of 28.40\u00a0inHg (962\u00a0mb).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0008-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nA tropical storm formed over the central Atlantic on August\u00a024. It moved steadily westward, reaching hurricane strength on the 26th. The next day it reached its peak of 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h) winds. The storm would retain that intensity until after it had made landfall just to the south of Cocoa Beach, Florida on August\u00a029. It passed over the peninsula, weakening to a tropical storm, but managed to become a hurricane prior to its second Florida landfall on the 31st. The storm continued northwestward, dissipating over Mississippi on the September\u00a01. The hurricane caused 68 deaths when, near St. Augustine, it caused a steamship, the Veracruz, to be wrecked.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0009-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nThis minimal hurricane formed in the mid-Atlantic on August\u00a026. It came close to Bermuda and reached peak windspeeds of nearly 80\u00a0knots. The system was picked up by a frontal system on August\u00a030 and recurved east-northeastward, before dissipating on September\u00a04.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0010-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nA tropical storm formed in the Gulf of Mexico on September\u00a06. It travelled eastward to cross the Florida panhandle, north of Tampa on September\u00a08 before developing into a Category 1 hurricane off the coast of South Carolina on September\u00a09. This hurricane continued to move up the Mid-Atlantic coastline before becoming an extratropical storm on September\u00a011 off Nova Scotia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0011-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nA Category 1 hurricane was first observed on September\u00a08 off the coast of Georgia. It moved northeast and on September\u00a010 hit Newfoundland as a tropical storm before dissipating east of Newfoundland later that same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0012-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eight\nA tropical storm formed in the mid-Atlantic on September\u00a027. Over the next few days it moved slowly westward as it grew in strength. By October\u00a01 it was 500\u00a0miles south of Bermuda and had reached Category 4 strength. It maintained that strength throughout October\u00a02 but began weakening as it started to move north on October\u00a03. By October\u00a04 it was a Category 2 storm and had curved eastward. It was last seen as a Category 1 hurricane on October\u00a04. It never made landfall but did cause several ships to sink. On October\u00a02, a number of ships that encountered the storm as a Category 4 hurricane recorded central pressure readings of 27.40 inches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0013-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine\nOn October\u00a05, a tropical storm formed in the western Caribbean. It passed over the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula the following day, and while moving northeastward through the Gulf of Mexico, developed into a Category 1 hurricane. It weakened to a tropical storm as it moved over Florida on October\u00a08, having made landfall south of Cedar Key and passed out to sea near St. Augustine. Violent gales were reported between Cape Hatteras and Jacksonville. The maximum wind recorded at Jacksonville was 36\u00a0mph from the SE, and 52\u00a0mph was noted at Savannah. The storm regained Category 1 strength in the Atlantic before dissipating south of Bermuda on October\u00a010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0014-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ten\nA minimal, Category 1 hurricane was first seen south of Bermuda on October\u00a010. It remained at that intensity while curving eastward. Still south of Bermuda it weakened into a tropical storm and began travelling north. It was last seen on October\u00a016, east of Newfoundland, as an extratropical storm. A number of ships were struck and damaged by the hurricane. A bark, \"Witch\" was abandoned and her crew rescued by another ship while a report was received from North Sydney, Cape Breton that a schooner, the \"Anne Linwood\", had capsized off Cape Smokey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026640-0015-0000", "contents": "1880 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eleven\nA tropical storm formed north-east of the Abaco Islands on October\u00a020. It travelled due north for three days and became extratropical on October\u00a024, prior to reaching the New England coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026641-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Barnstaple by-election\nThe 1880 Barnstaple by-election occurred in Barnstaple, Devon 12 February 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026642-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Belgian general election\nPartial general elections were held in Belgium on 8 June 1880. In the elections for the Chamber of Representatives the result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 74 of the 132 seats. Voter turnout was 67.2%, although only 62,936 people were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026642-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Belgian general election\nUnder the alternating system, elections were only held in five out of the nine provinces: Antwerp, Brabant, Luxembourg, Namur and West Flanders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026642-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Belgian general election\nA special election was held on 21 August 1880 to elect a representative for the arrondissement of Oudenaarde following the death of Auguste Devos on 21 July 1880. Florent De Bleeckere was elected to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026643-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election\nIn March 1880 the British Liberal Party bounced back from earlier losses to gain both liberal and conservative seats, but when their representative Henry Strutt succeeded to the peerage a few months later, they were unable to retain the second seat. Their candidate, John McLaren, was defeated by only two votes by the Conservative Milne Home. After scrutiny it was found that scale of the Conservative victory was actually three votes rather than two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026644-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Birthday Honours\nThe 1880 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 28 May 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026644-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026645-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Boston Red Caps season\nThe 1880 Boston Red Caps was the tenth season of the franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026645-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026645-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026645-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026645-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026646-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1880 saw  Frederick O. Prince reelected to his fourth overall term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026647-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1880 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University in the 1880 college football season. The team lost its first game with Yale, the only match of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026648-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Buffalo Bisons season\nThe 1880 Buffalo Bisons finished the season with a 24\u201358 record, good for seventh place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026648-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026648-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026648-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026648-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026648-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026649-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Bulgarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria in January and February 1880. Low voter turnout in some constituencies led to the results being invalidated and the elections re-run. Unlike in former elections, the government did not attempt to influence the result, resulting in the opposition Liberal Party retaining their majority in the National Assembly. Of the 162 seats, the Liberal Party won 103 and the Conservative Party won 50. When the newly elected Assembly convened, Liberal Party member Petko Karavelov was elected Chairperson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026649-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Bulgarian parliamentary election\nFollowing the election the government resigned, but incumbent Prime Minister Kliment Turnovski was asked to form another government. Ultimately Dragan Tsankov formed a government and became Prime Minister on 8 April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026650-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 CCNY Lavender football team\nThe 1880 CCNY Lavender football team represented the City College of New York during the 1880 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026651-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Centre football team\nThe 1880 Centre football team represented Centre College in the 1880 college football season. This was Centre's first ever season. The first game is claimed as the first game ever played in the south at Stoll Field, though Washington & Lee and VMI played earlier games;  it's the first game in the state of Kentucky. The game was said to have resembled a combination of soccer and rugby. Centre lost both its games this season to Transylvania University (then known as Kentucky University).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026652-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1880 Chicago White Stockings season was the 9th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 5th in the National League and the 3rd at Lakefront Park. The White Stockings won the National League championship with a record of 67\u201317.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026652-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026652-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026652-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026652-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026652-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026653-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Cincinnati Stars season\nThe 1880 Cincinnati Stars season was the first and only season for the Cincinnati Stars, a professional baseball franchise competing in the National League (NL). The club replaced the defunct Cincinnati Reds that had competed in the NL during 1876\u20131879. The Stars finished last in the eight-team NL with a record of 21\u201359, 44 games behind the Chicago White Stockings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026653-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Cincinnati Stars season\nTeam president Justus Thorner resigned in early July, with vice-president Nathan Menderson selected as his successor. At the end of the season, the team was kicked out of the league for their refusal to stop selling beer and renting out their park on Sundays. A new Cincinnati Reds franchise joined the American Association two years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026653-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Cincinnati Stars season, Regular season\nDuring the off-season, Cincinnati signed catcher John Clapp, who had played with the Buffalo Bisons in the previous season. Clapp was also named the manager of the team. Deacon White, who was the Reds catcher in 1878 and 1879, moved to the outfield. Other off-season signings included Hick Carpenter of the Syracuse Stars to play third base, while the Stars had rookies at first base, John Reilly, and second base, Pop Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026653-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Cincinnati Stars season, Regular season\nClapp and Blondie Purcell led the team offensively, as Clapp had a .282 average with a homer and 20 RBI and 33 runs scored, while Purcell hit .292 with a homer and 24 RBI, along with 48 runs. Will White led the NL with 42 losses; however, he had a good ERA of 2.14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026653-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Cincinnati Stars season, Regular season\nCincinnati got off to a miserable start, having a record of only 6\u201326 in their first 32 games, which included lopsided losses of 20\u20137 and 15\u20131 to the White Stockings, and 13\u20130 to the Worcester Worcesters during that span. Cincinnati never got it together during the season, and finished in last place in their only season, 44 games behind the first place White Stockings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026653-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 Cincinnati Stars season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026653-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 Cincinnati Stars season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026653-0007-0000", "contents": "1880 Cincinnati Stars season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026654-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Clarence colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Clarence on 7 April 1880 following the resignation of Thomas Bawden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026655-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Cleveland Blues season\nThe 1880 Cleveland Blues finished the season at 47\u201337, good enough for a third-place finish in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026655-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026655-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026655-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026655-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026656-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Colombian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in the United States of Colombia in 1880. The result was a victory for Rafael N\u00fa\u00f1ez of the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026656-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Colombian presidential election, Electoral system\nThe 1863 constitution changed the electoral system from a direct vote to an indirect vote. The President was now elected on the basis of which candidate received the most votes in each state, with a candidate required to win in at least five of the nine states to be elected. If no candidate received a majority, Congress would elect the President from the main contenders. Following the tensions around the 1875 elections of the electoral college, constitutional reforms in 1876 ended the staggered nature of the college elections, requiring that all electors were elected on the same day across the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026657-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Colorado gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1880. Incumbent Republican Frederick Walker Pitkin defeated Democratic nominee John S. Hough with 53.28% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026658-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Columbia football team\nThe 1880 Columbia football team represented Columbia University in the 1880 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026659-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1880. Republican nominee Hobart B. Bigelow defeated Democratic nominee James E. English with 50.52% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention\nThe 1880 Democratic National Convention was held June 22 to 24, 1880, at the Music Hall in Cincinnati, Ohio, and nominated Winfield S. Hancock of Pennsylvania for president and William H. English of Indiana for vice president in the United States presidential election of 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention\nSix men were officially candidates for nomination at the convention, and several more also received votes. Of these, the two leading candidates were Hancock and Thomas F. Bayard of Delaware. Not officially a candidate, but wielding a heavy influence over the convention, was the Democratic nominee from 1876, Samuel J. Tilden of New York. Many Democrats believed Tilden to have been unjustly deprived of the presidency in 1876 and hoped to rally around him in the 1880 campaign. Tilden, however, was ambiguous about his willingness to participate in another campaign, leading some delegates to defect to other candidates, while others stayed loyal to their old standard-bearer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention\nAs the convention opened, some delegates favored Bayard, a conservative Senator, and some others supported Hancock, a career soldier and Civil War hero. Still others flocked to men they saw as surrogates for Tilden, including Henry B. Payne of Ohio, an attorney and former representative, and Samuel J. Randall of Pennsylvania, the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. The first round of balloting was inconclusive. Before the second round, Tilden's withdrawal from the campaign became known for certain and delegates flocked to Hancock, who was nominated. English, a conservative politician from a swing state, was nominated for Vice President. Hancock and English were narrowly defeated in the race against Republicans James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur that autumn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 827]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates\nIn 1876, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio defeated Democrat Samuel J. Tilden of New York in the most hotly contested election to that time in the nation's history. The results initially indicated a Democratic victory, but the electoral votes of several states were ardently disputed until mere days before the new president was to be inaugurated. Members of both parties in Congress agreed to convene a bi-partisan Electoral Commission, which ultimately decided the race for Hayes. Most Democrats believed Tilden had been robbed of the presidency, and he became the leading candidate for nomination in 1880. In the meantime, issues of tariff reform and the gold standard divided the country and the major parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates\nThe monetary issue played a large role in selecting the nominees in 1880, but had little effect on the general election campaign. The debate concerned the basis for the United States dollar's value. Nothing but gold and silver coin had ever been legal tender in the United States until the Civil War, when the mounting costs of the war forced Congress to issue \"greenbacks\" (dollar bills backed by government bonds). They paid for the war, but resulted in the most severe inflation seen since the American Revolution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0004-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates\nAfter the war, bondholders and other creditors (especially in the North) wanted to return to a gold standard. At the same time, debtors (often in the South and West) benefited by the way inflation reduced their debts, and workers and some businessmen liked the way inflation made for easy credit. The issue cut across parties, producing dissension among Republicans and Democrats alike and spawning a third party, the Greenback Party, in 1876, when both major parties nominated hard money men. Monetary debate intensified as Congress effectively demonetized silver in 1873 and began redeeming greenbacks in gold by 1879, while limiting their circulation. By the 1880 convention, the nation's money was backed by gold alone, but the issue was far from settled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 818]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates\nDebate over tariffs would come to play a much larger role in the campaign. During the Civil War, Congress raised protective tariffs to new heights. This was done partly to pay for the war, but partly because high tariffs were popular in the North. A high tariff meant that foreign goods were more expensive, which made it easier for American businesses to sell goods domestically. Republicans supported high tariffs as a way to protect American jobs and increase prosperity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0005-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates\nDemocrats, generally, saw them as making goods unnecessarily expensive and adding to the growing federal revenues when, with the end of the Civil War, that much revenue was no longer needed. Many Northern Democrats supported high tariffs, however, for the same economic reasons that their Republican neighbors did, so while Democratic platforms called for a tariff \"for revenue only,\" their speakers avoided the question as much as possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Tilden\nSamuel Jones Tilden began his political career in the \"Barnburner,\" or Free Soil, faction of the New York Democratic Party. He was a successful lawyer and had accumulated a considerable fortune. A disciple of former president Martin Van Buren, Tilden was first elected to the New York State Assembly in 1846. Tilden defected with Van Buren to the 1848 Free Soil Party convention before returning to the Democratic party after the election. Unlike many free-soil Democrats, Tilden stayed with his party in the 1850s instead of transferring his allegiance to the newly formed Republican party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 66], "content_span": [67, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0006-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Tilden\nWhen the Civil War began, he remained loyal to the Union and considered himself a War Democrat. In 1866, he became chairman of the New York State Democratic party, a post he held for eight years. Tilden initially cooperated with Tammany Hall, the New York City political machine of William \"Boss\" Tweed, but the two men soon became enemies. In the early 1870s, as reports of Tammany's corruption spread, Tilden took up the cause of reform. He formed a rival faction that captured control of the party and led the effort to uncover proof of Tammany's corruption and remove its men from office. Tweed was soon indicted and convicted; Tammany was weakened and reformed, but not vanquished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 66], "content_span": [67, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0007-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Tilden\nThe triumph over Tammany paved the way for Tilden's election to a two-year term as governor in 1874. As a popular, reformist governor of a large swing state, Tilden was a natural candidate for the presidency in 1876, when one of the main issues was the corruption of the administration of President Ulysses S. Grant. He was nominated on the second ballot, and campaigned on a platform of reform and sound money (i.e. the gold standard). His opponent was Governor Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio, likewise noted for his honesty and hard-money views.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 66], "content_span": [67, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0007-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Tilden\nAfter the closely contested election, with the question still unresolved, Congress and President Grant agreed to submit the dispute to a bipartisan Electoral Commission, which would determine the fate of the disputed electoral votes. Tilden opposed the idea, but many Democrats supported it as the only way to avoid a second Civil War. The commission voted 8\u20137 to award Hayes the disputed votes. Congressional Democrats acquiesced in Hayes's election, but at a price: the new Republican president withdrew federal troops from Southern capitals after his inauguration. Tilden was defeated\u2014robbed, in his opinion and that of his supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 66], "content_span": [67, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0008-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Tilden\nTilden spent the next four years as the presumptive Democratic candidate in 1880. In 1879, he declined to run for another term as governor and focused instead on building support for the 1880 presidential nomination. He considered many of his former friends (including Senator Thomas F. Bayard of Delaware) enemies now for their support of the Electoral Commission, and sought to keep the \"fraud of '76\" in the spotlight and burnish his own future candidacy by having his congressional allies investigate the events of the post-election maneuvering.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 66], "content_span": [67, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0008-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Tilden\nFor ten months beginning in May 1878, the Potter Committee, chaired by Democratic Congressman Clarkson Nott Potter of New York, investigated allegations of fraud and corruption in the states which had contested electoral votes in 1876. Rather than produce conclusive evidence of Republican malfeasance, as Tilden's supporters hoped, the committee exonerated Tilden of wrongdoing, but uncovered conflicting evidence that showed state election officials of both parties in an unfavorable light. This, and Tilden's declining health, made many Democrats question his candidacy. Even so, Tilden's presumed ability to carry New York, combined with his political organization and personal fortune, made him a serious contender.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 66], "content_span": [67, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0009-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Tilden\nThe first of these qualifications was shattered with the Republican victory in the New York gubernatorial election in 1879. In that election, a revitalized Tammany split from the regular Democratic party in a patronage dispute with Tilden's faction (now known as the \"Irving Hall Democrats\"). Tammany ran its new leader, \"Honest\" John Kelly, as an independent candidate for governor, allowing the Republicans to carry the state with a plurality of the vote. Tilden began to waver, issuing ambiguous statements about whether he would run again. Rumors circulated wildly in the months before the convention, with no definitive word from Tilden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 66], "content_span": [67, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0009-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Tilden\nAs the New York delegation left for the national convention in Cincinnati, Tilden gave a letter to one of his chief supporters, Daniel Manning, suggesting that his health might force him to decline the nomination. Tilden hoped to be nominated, but only if he was the unanimous choice of the convention; if not, Manning was entrusted to make the contents of Tilden's letter available to the New York delegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 66], "content_span": [67, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0009-0002", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Tilden\nWhen it became clear that the nomination would be contested, Manning revealed the contents of the Tilden letter; it was vague and inconclusive, but once is contents became known to Tilden's home state delegates, they chose to interpret it as a withdrawal. The New York delegation now considered Tilden's candidacy to be ended, and sought a new standard-bearer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 66], "content_span": [67, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0010-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Bayard\nOne beneficiary of Tilden's departure from the scene was Senator Thomas F. Bayard of Delaware. Bayard was the scion of an old political family in Delaware and had represented his state in the United States Senate since 1869. As one of a relative handful of conservative Democrats in the Senate at the time, Bayard began his career opposing vigorously, if ineffectively, the Republican majority's plans for the Reconstruction of the Southern states after the Civil War. Like Tilden, Bayard supported the gold standard and had a reputation for honesty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 66], "content_span": [67, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0010-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Bayard\nAt the 1876 convention, Bayard had placed a distant fifth in the balloting, but supported Tilden's cause in the general election, speaking on his behalf around the country. The political friendship between the two quickly soured in the election's aftermath as Bayard supported the Electoral Commission and Tilden opposed it. Bayard believed the commission was the only alternative to civil war, and served as one of the Democratic members; Tilden took this as a personal betrayal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 66], "content_span": [67, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0011-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Bayard\nIn the four years that followed, Bayard sought to build support for another run at the nomination. He and Tilden competed for support among Eastern conservatives because of their support for the gold standard. The gold standard was less popular in the South, but there Bayard stacked his years-long advocacy in the Senate for pro-Southern conservative policies against Tilden's political machine and wealth in the contest for Southern delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 66], "content_span": [67, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0011-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Bayard\nA blow to Bayard's cause came in February 1880 when the New York Sun, a newspaper friendly to Tilden, published a transcript of a speech Bayard made in Dover, Delaware, in 1861. As the states of the Deep South were seceding from the Union, a young Bayard had proclaimed \"with this secession, or revolution, or rebellion, or by whatever name it may be called, the State of Delaware has naught to do\", and urged that the South be permitted to withdraw from the Union in peace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 66], "content_span": [67, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0011-0002", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Bayard\nTo many in the South, this confirmed their view of Bayard as their champion, but paradoxically it weakened Bayard's support with other Southerners, who feared that a former Peace Democrat would never be acceptable to Northerners. At the same time, Bayard's uncompromising stance on the money question pushed some Democrats to support Major General Winfield Scott Hancock, who had not been identified with either extreme in the gold\u2013silver debate and had a military record that appealed to Northerners. As the convention opened, Bayard was still among the leading candidates, but was far from certain of victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 66], "content_span": [67, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0012-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Hancock\nWinfield Scott Hancock represented an unusual confluence in the post-war nation: a man who believed in the Democratic Party's principles of states' rights and limited government, but whose anti-secessionist sentiment was unimpeachable. A native of Pennsylvania, Hancock graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1844 and began a forty-year career as a soldier. He served with distinction in the Mexican\u2013American War and in the antebellum peacetime army. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Hancock remained loyal to the Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0012-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Hancock\nHe was promoted to brevet brigadier general in 1861 and placed in command of a brigade in the Army of the Potomac. In the Peninsula Campaign of 1862, he led a critical counterattack and earned the nickname \"Hancock the Superb\" from his commander, Major General George B. McClellan. At Antietam, he led a division in the Union victory and was promoted to major general. Hancock's shining moment came at the Battle of Gettysburg when he organized the scattered troops, rallied defenses, and was wounded on the third day as his troops turned back Pickett's Charge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0013-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Hancock\nSince 1864, when he received a single unsolicited vote at the Democratic National Convention, Hancock had been a perennial candidate. As military governor of Louisiana and Texas in 1867, Hancock had won the respect of the white conservative population by issuing his General Order Number 40, in which he stated that if the residents of the district conducted themselves peacefully and the civilian officials performed their duties, then \"the military power should cease to lead, and the civil administration resume its natural and rightful dominion.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0013-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Hancock\nHe had a larger following at the 1868 convention, finishing as high as second place in some rounds of balloting. In 1876, Hancock again drew a considerable following, but never finished higher than third place at that year's convention. In 1880, another Hancock boom began, this time centered mostly in the South. In March of that year, the New Orleans Picayune ran an editorial that called for the general's nomination, partly for who he was\u2014a war hero with conservative political principles\u2014and partly for who he was not\u2014a known partisan of either side of the monetary or tariff debates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0013-0002", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Hancock\nAs Tilden and Bayard rose and fell in the estimation of Democratic voters, Hancock's bid for nomination gathered steam. Some were unsure whether, after eight years of Grant, himself a former general, the party would be wise to give the nomination to another \"man on horseback\", but Hancock remained among the leading contenders as the convention began that June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0014-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Other contenders\nSeveral other candidates arrived in Cincinnati with delegates pledged to them. Former Representative Henry B. Payne, an Ohio millionaire, had gathered a number of former Tilden supporters to his cause. Payne was a corporate lawyer and hard money advocate, but also a relative unknown outside Ohio. In April 1880, the New York Star published a tale that Tilden had bowed out of the race and instructed the Irving Hall faction to back Payne for the presidency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0014-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Other contenders\nTilden never confirmed the rumor, but after his letter of June 1880 to the New York delegation, many of his supporters did consider Payne among their likely choices. Payne, like Bayard, had served on the Electoral Commission of 1876, but had nevertheless maintained Tilden's friendship. He maintained his loyalty to Tilden until the convention, when his withdrawal was certain. Payne was hindered by a fellow Ohioan, Senator Allen G. Thurman, who controlled their home state's delegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0014-0002", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Other contenders\nThurman looked like a natural successor to Tilden, as a popular conservative from a swing state with a background as an attorney, but he, like Bayard, had earned Tilden's enmity by serving on the Electoral Commission. Thurman was also less wedded to the gold standard than some Northeastern delegates would tolerate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0015-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Other contenders\nAnother would-be heir to Tilden was Samuel J. Randall, since 1863 a congressman from Philadelphia. Like Tilden, Randall was conservative on the money question but, unusually for a Democrat, he supported high tariffs to protect American industry. He also advocated legislation to reduce the power of monopolies. Tilden had supported Randall in his quest to become Speaker of the House, and Randall returned the favor by remaining a loyal Tilden man up to the convention. He now hoped for the support of the former Tilden adherents in his quest for the presidency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0015-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Other contenders\nFormer Governor Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana, Tilden's 1876 running mate, also sought a claim on the previous nominee's support. He came from a crucial swing state that the Democrats had narrowly carried in 1876 and had some support in the Midwestern states. His popularity with delegates from the Northeast was impaired by his views on the currency question; he sided with those who wanted looser money.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0016-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Other contenders\nTwo candidates stood with rather less support. William Ralls Morrison of Illinois had served in Congress since 1873 and was best known for advocating tariff reductions despite hailing from a protectionist district. He commanded little support outside his home state, and was seen as only a favorite son. Justice Stephen Johnson Field of the United States Supreme Court was better known, but still an unlikely contender.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0016-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Issues and candidates, Other contenders\nThe only candidate from the Far West, Field was respected as a scholar of the law, but had greatly diminished his chances with his home state of California by striking down anti-Chinese legislation in that state in 1879. Even so, some observers, including Edwards Pierrepont, considered Field a likely choice for the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0017-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Preliminaries\nThe delegates assembled on June 22, 1880, at Cincinnati's Music Hall. The venue was a large, red brick building in the High Victorian Gothic style, which had opened in 1878. Intended, as the name suggests, for musical performances, the hall also functioned as Cincinnati's convention center until a separate building was constructed in 1967. William Henry Barnum of Connecticut, the chairman of the Democratic National Committee, called the convention to order at 12:38\u00a0p.m. An opening prayer was presented by Unitarian minister Charles William Wendte. Then, George Hoadly, a Tilden associate and future governor of Ohio, was elected temporary chairman. Hoadly addressed the crowd, then adjourned the convention until 10:00\u00a0a.m. the next day, so that the Committee on Credentials could consider certain disputes among the delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 895]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0018-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Preliminaries\nAt the start of the second day, June 23, the Committee on Permanent Organization announced the roster of officers, including the permanent president, John W. Stevenson of Kentucky. Before the delegates could formally elect Stevenson, they heard the report on the Committee on Credentials. Two rival factions of Massachusetts Democrats had agreed to compromise, both being admitted as a united delegation. A similar dispute in New York was not resolved so easily: Tammany Hall and Tilden's Irving Hall had sent rival delegations as well, and neither was willing to compromise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0018-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Preliminaries\nThe Committee had voted to consider the Irving Hall Democrats to have been regularly elected; Tammany was consequently excluded. Debate followed, in which some delegates urged compromise, with the idea that a united delegation would help unite the party in New York in the coming general election. The argument was unpersuasive, as the delegates endorsed the Committee's decision by a vote of 457 to 205\u00bd; Tammany was banished. Stevenson was then installed as permanent chairman and, as the Committee on Resolutions had not finished writing the platform, the delegates moved on to nominations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0019-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Nominations\nThe clerk called the roll of states alphabetically. The first delegation to nominate a candidate was California. John Edgar McElrath, an Oakland attorney, rose to nominate Justice Stephen J. Field. Extolling Field's virtues and learning, McElrath promised that, if nominated, \"he will sweep California like the winds that blow through her Golden Gate.\" George Gray, Delaware's Attorney General and a future United States Senator, next nominated Thomas F. Bayard. Gray, in a speech that evinced his admiration for the Senator, said of Bayard:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0020-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Nominations\nThomas Francis Bayard is a statesman who will need no introduction to the American people. His name and record are known wherever our flag floats, aye, wherever the English tongue is spoken. ... With his sympathies as broad as this great continent, a private character as spotless as the snow from heaven, a judgment as clear as the sunlight, an intellect as keen and bright as a flashing sabre, honest in thought and deed, the people all know him by heart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0021-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Nominations\nIllinois was the next state to offer a name, as former Representative Samuel S. Marshall rose to submit that of his erstwhile colleague, William R. Morrison. Marshall immediately antagonized the South by comparing Morrison to Abraham Lincoln, and proclaimed that Morrison's belief in tariff reduction would be a \"tower of strength\" in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0022-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Nominations\nNext, Senator Daniel W. Voorhees of Indiana spoke on behalf of Thomas A. Hendricks, praising Hendricks as a candidate of national unity: \"[T]o the South, who has been more faithful? To the North, who has been truer? To the East, who has been better, wiser, more conservative and more faithful? And to the West I need not appeal, for he is our own son.\" The next few states made no nominations. When the roll reached New York, there were cries from the crowd for Tilden, and some confusion when that state's delegation made no nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0023-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Nominations\nThe next nomination came from Ohio, as John McSweeney made the case for Senator Allen G. Thurman. \"Great in genius, correct in judgment,\" as McSweeney described him in a lengthy speech, Thurman was \"of unrivaled eloquence in defense of the right, with a spotless name, he stands forth as a born leader of the people.\" Next came the Pennsylvania delegation, from which Daniel Dougherty rose. Dougherty, a Philadelphia lawyer, gave a short and effective speech in favor of Winfield Scott Hancock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0024-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Nominations\nI present\u00a0... one who, on the field of battle, was styled \"the Superb,\"\u00a0... Whose nomination will thrill the land from end to end and crush the last embers of sectional strife, and be hailed as the dawning of the longed-for day of perpetual brotherhood. ... With him as our chieftain, the bloody banner of the Republicans will fall from their palsied grasp. We can appeal to the supreme tribunal of the American people against the corruptions of the republican party and its untold violations of constitutional liberty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0025-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Nominations\nAs Dougherty finished his speech, delegates and spectators shouted loudly for Hancock. After five minutes, the cheers subsided. Senator Wade Hampton III of South Carolina, a former Confederate general, next spoke to praise Hancock, saying \"we of the South would feel safe in his hands\", but said that Bayard was ultimately his choice \"because we believe he is the strongest man\". Richard B. Hubbard, a former governor of Texas and Confederate soldier, spoke in favor Hancock as his state seconded the Pennsylvanian's nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0025-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Nominations\nHubbard praised Hancock's conduct as military governor of Texas and Louisiana, saying, \"in our hour of sorrow, when he held his power at the hands of the great dominant Republican party\u00a0... there stood a man with the constitution before him, reading it as the fathers read it; that the war having ended we resumed the habiliments that as a right belong to us, not as a conquered province, but as a free people.\" The last few states were called and the nominations ended. After a motion to adjourn failed, the delegates proceeded directly to the balloting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0026-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Balloting\nThe clerk called the roll of the states again, and a band played \"Yankee Doodle\" and \"Dixie\" as the ballots were tallied. The results showed that the delegates had scattered their ballots to a variety of candidates, with no one close to the 492 necessary to nominate (at that time, Democratic conventions required a two-thirds majority for nomination). There was a clear delineation, however, as Hancock and Bayard, with 171 and 158\u00bd respectively, were far ahead of the pack. The next closest, Payne, had less than half of Hancock's number, with 81. After one minor shift of \u00bd ballot, the totals were announced to the delegates. They voted to adjourn for the day, clearing the way for the off-site negotiations that would influence the next day's ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 813]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0027-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Balloting\nThe delegates assembled the next day, June 24, to resume the balloting. Before that could begin, Rufus Wheeler Peckham of the New York delegation produced Tilden's letter and read it to the crowd. The first mention of Tilden's name provoked excitement, but the meaning of the message soon quieted the crowd. Peckham announced that, with Tilden's withdrawal, New York, now supported Samuel J. Randall. Moving then to the second ballot, more than one hundred delegates followed Peckham's lead in voting for Randall, boosting his total to 128\u00bd, just above Bayard's 112. But the shift to Hancock had been greater.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0027-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Balloting\nBefore the totals were announced to the crowd, Hancock had gathered 320 delegates to him; as soon as the voting stopped, however, Wisconsin, and New Jersey changed all of their votes to Hancock. Pennsylvania added those of their votes that were not already for Hancock. Then Smith M. Weed of New York, a Tilden confidante, announced that his state, too, would shift all of its 70 votes to Hancock. After that, according to the party records, \"every delegate was on his feet and the roar of ten thousand voices completely drowned the full military band in the gallery.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0028-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Balloting\nNearly all of the remaining states now stampeded for Hancock. When the second vote was finally tallied, Hancock had 705. Only Indiana refrained completely from joining in, casting its 30 votes for Hendricks; two Bayard voters from Maryland and one Tilden man from Iowa were the remaining hold-outs. After the second round was tallied, the nomination was made unanimous. Several delegates then spoke to praise Hancock and promise that he would triumph in the coming election. Even Tammany's John Kelly was permitted to speak. Kelly pledged his faction's loyalty to the party, saying, \"Let us unite as a band of brothers and look upon each other kindly and favorably.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0029-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Platform and vice presidential nominee\nTurning to other matters, the delegates listened as Susan B. Anthony addressed them with a plea for women's suffrage. The delegates took no action, and moved on to the platform, which Henry Watterson of Kentucky read aloud. The spirit of unanimity continued as the delegates approved it without dissent. The platform was, in the words of historian Herbert J. Clancy, \"deliberately vague and general\" on some points, designed to appeal to the largest number possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 87], "content_span": [88, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0029-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Platform and vice presidential nominee\nIn it, they pledged to work for \"constitutional doctrines and traditions,\" to oppose centralization, to favor \"honest money consisting of gold and silver\", a \"tariff for revenue only\", and to put an end to Chinese immigration. Most of this was uncontroversial, but the \"tariff for revenue only\" would become a major point of debate in the coming campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 87], "content_span": [88, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0030-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Convention, Platform and vice presidential nominee\nFinally, the delegates turned to the vice presidency. Edmund Pettus, representing Alabama, moved the nomination of William Hayden English, a banker and former representative from Indiana. English, a member of the Indiana delegation, was fairly unknown to most delegates. He had been a Bayard enthusiast and was known as a successful businessman and hard money supporter; more crucially, he hailed from an important swing state. While Hendricks was a better-known representative of Indiana, Easterners in the party preferred English, who they saw as sounder on the money question. Several states seconded the nomination. John P. Irish of Iowa nominated former governor Richard M. Bishop of Ohio but, after all the other states expressed support for English, the Ohio delegation requested that Bishop's name be withdrawn and English's nomination made unanimous; the motion carried.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 87], "content_span": [88, 967]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0031-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Aftermath\nKeeping with the custom at the time, Hancock did not campaign personally, but stayed at his post at Fort Columbus on Governors Island, in New York Harbor and met with visitors there (as General Grant had in 1868, Hancock remained on active duty throughout the campaign). Both parties' campaigns began with a focus on the candidates rather than the issues. Democratic newspapers attacked the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield of Ohio, over rumors of corruption and self-dealing in the Cr\u00e9dit Mobilier affair, among others. Republicans characterized Hancock as uninformed on the issues, and some of his former comrades-in-arms gave critical speeches regarding his character. Democrats never made clear what about their victory would improve the nation; Hancock biographer David M. Jordan later characterized their message as simply \"our man is better than your man\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 915]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0032-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Aftermath\nBoth parties knew that, with the end of Reconstruction and the disenfranchisement of black Southerners, the South would be solid for Hancock, netting 137 electoral votes of the 185 needed for victory. To this, the Democrats needed only add a few of the closely balanced Northern states; New York (35 electoral votes) and Indiana (15) were two of their main targets, but New Jersey and the Midwestern states were also battlegrounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0032-0001", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Aftermath\nEarly in the campaign, Republicans used their standard tactic of \"waving the bloody shirt\", that is, reminding Northern voters that the Democratic Party was responsible for secession and four years of civil war, and that if they held power they would reverse the gains of that war, dishonor Union veterans, and pay Confederate veterans pensions out of the federal treasury. With fifteen years having passed since the end of the war, and Union generals at the head of both tickets, the bloody shirt was of less effect than it had been in the past.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026660-0033-0000", "contents": "1880 Democratic National Convention, Aftermath\nBy October, Republicans shifted to a new issue: the tariff. Seizing on the Democratic platform's call for a \"tariff for revenue only\", Republicans told Northern workers that a Hancock presidency would weaken the tariff protection that kept them in good jobs. Hancock made the situation worse when, attempting to strike a moderate stance, he said \"the tariff question is a local question\". The answer seemed only to reinforce the Republicans' characterization of him as ignorant of the issues. In the end, fewer than two thousand votes separated the two candidates, but in the Electoral College, Garfield had an easy victory over Hancock, 214 to 155.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026661-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Derby by-election\nThe 1880 Derby by-election was held when the incumbent Liberal MP Samuel Plimsoll resigned to find a seat for the recently unseated Home Secretary William Vernon Harcourt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026661-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Derby by-election\nThe Liberals had formed a government after winning the 1880 general election and Harcourt, a well known radical and talented debater, had been offered the job of Home Secretary. Under the law at the time he had to resign his seat and seek re-election. In a close fought by-election Harcourt lost his Oxford seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026661-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Derby by-election\nSamuel Plimsoll immediately resigned and Harcourt was unopposed in the subsequent by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026662-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Drogheda by-election\nThe Drogheda by-election of 1880 was fought on 2 March 1880. The byelection, to the United Kingdom House of Commons, arose through the death of the incumbent Home Rule League Member of Parliament, William Hagarty O'Leary. It was won by Benjamin Whitworth, who had previously sat for the seat as a Liberal but on this occasion announced that he supported the Home Rule cause. He had resigned his current seat, at Kilkenny, in order to run. He received 382 votes as against 181 for J. McCoan, candidate of the Home Rule League. It was reported that 150 Conservative voters had abstained in response to a circular from the party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026663-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 English cricket season\n1880 was the 94th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). The second tour by a representative Australian team was undertaken and they took part in the (retrospective) first Test match to be played in England. County cricket was dominated by the Nottinghamshire bowlers Alfred Shaw and Fred Morley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026663-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026664-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 FA Cup Final\nThe 1880 FA Cup Final was contested by Clapham Rovers and Oxford University at the Kennington Oval. Clapham Rovers won 1\u20130, the only goal being scored by Clopton Lloyd-Jones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026664-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 FA Cup Final, Overview, Weather\nAt the start of the match, a strong and cold north-easterly wind blew into the faces of the Oxford team and the wind neutralised many of their kicks but it eased considerably after half-time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026664-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 FA Cup Final, Overview, Scoring\nIn the first half, Clopton Lloyd-Jones attempted to score twice, with a shot from the left which glanced off a goalpost, and a centre kick downfield which was saved by the Oxford goalkeeper Percival Parr. The ball hit the Oxford crossbar with a shot from Edward Ram and Harold Brougham shot just over the same bar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026664-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 FA Cup Final, Overview, Scoring\nIn the second half, six minutes before the close of time, the deadlock was broken when Francis Sparks conducted the ball to within \"about six yards of the University goal\". Although Oxford's Charles King attempted to stop the ball with a weak mis-kick, Lloyd-Jones, \"who had followed well up shot it between the posts. This feat quite 'brought down the house.'\" According to The Field magazine's report, there was \"vociferous cheering, throwing up of hats, and other demonstrations of delight from their supporters.\" At the game's end, Lloyd-Jones, and his team captain Robert Ogilvie, were specially cheered by the crowd. At 21 years and 150 days Lloyd-Jones was the 'baby' of his team and the youngest Cup Final scorer to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026664-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 FA Cup Final, In fiction\nThis match was subject of a spoof anecdote, written in 2006 by journalist John Walsh as a guest editor of a charity issue of The Independent in a list of five \"least successful guest-star interventions in history\", in which Oscar Wilde was a guest player on the Oxford team, but demurred from a chance to score at the last minute. The anecdotes are purely comedy fiction. Wilde was known for a disdain of 'manly sports' (apart from occasional boxing at university).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026665-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Florida gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 Florida gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1880. Democratic nominee William D. Bloxham easily defeated Republican nominee Simon B. Conover with 54.90% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026666-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Garret Rock May Day riot\nThe 1880 Garret Rock May Day riot or 1880 Garret Mountain May Day riot was a civil disorder event in New Jersey, that protested harshly oligarchical power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026666-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Garret Rock May Day riot, Riot\nFor many years Paterson, New Jersey\u2019s  mostly Roman Catholic German immigrant community had gathered at Garret Rock, a large plateau at the summit of Garret Mountain in Passaic County, New Jersey near Paterson, in continuation of the ancient German spring festival of \u201cMaying\u201d or ascending a mountain to sing in the rising sun of the first Sunday of May. Fully 3,000 people were gathered upon the plateau by sunrise May Day, 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 35], "content_span": [36, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026666-0001-0001", "contents": "1880 Garret Rock May Day riot, Riot\nIn progress to the festival, a group of the celebrants crossed upon the property of Mr. Dalzell, a local merchant, whereupon Dalzell's son Robert ordered the inebriated, rowdy young trespassers off the property. A grappling then ensued between Robert and a locally popular 19-year-old newlywed, Joseph J. Van Houten, during which altercation the elder Dalzell shot Van Houten in the abdomen with a shotgun, killing him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 35], "content_span": [36, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026666-0001-0002", "contents": "1880 Garret Rock May Day riot, Riot\nOn hearing the shotgun's report, large portions of the celebrants then advanced down the mountain to find Van Houghton shot dead and, then, upon Dalzell and his son Robert, who retreated to the curtilage on the property, where they were arrested by a local constable, but the growing crowd, which was set upon the pair's lynching, thereafter, torched the barn. The elder Dalzell fired indiscriminately upon the crowd wounding a little boy and girl and, further, inciting the mob, whereupon the constable and his prisoners retreated from the blazing barn to the farm's main house, which the crowd thereafter surrounded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 35], "content_span": [36, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026666-0001-0003", "contents": "1880 Garret Rock May Day riot, Riot\nAfter pelting the house for a time with rocks and bricks, the crowd, still intent upon smoking out the Dalzells and hanging them, also, set it aflame, and the constable and the Dalzells were obliged to again flee to a second house. Paterson's mayor and sheriff arrived on the scene just as the main house was being put to the torch. By this time, some 10,000 enraged Paterson residents were milling about the countryside.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 35], "content_span": [36, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026666-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Garret Rock May Day riot, Riot\nWith the sheriff's meager forces unable to themselves control the crowd, Paterson's Mayor Graham and Sheriff Van Voorhies called upon the greatly revered Paterson Roman Catholic priest Father William N. McNulty, the moral authority of whose exhortations to the crowd were sufficient to temporarily quell or distract that mob, while sheriff's deputies extricated the constable and the Dalzells from the rear of the second house and placed them in a transport coach. To prevent the passengers stoning, this brave Father McNulty, then mounted the roof of the coach. Some few of the mob did still chase and jump onto the sides of the coach as it swiftly fled the scene, but were clubbed off by the constables.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 35], "content_span": [36, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026666-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Garret Rock May Day riot, Riot\nNew Jersey Governor McClellan had readied several companies of the state's military forces at Newark, New Jersey under General Plume, but the order for the militia was ultimately countermanded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 35], "content_span": [36, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026667-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Grand National\nThe 1880 Grand National was the 42nd renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 19 March 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention\nThe 1880 Greenback Party National Convention convened in Chicago from June 9 to 11, 1880, to select presidential and vice presidential nominees and write a party platform for the Greenback Party in the United States presidential election of 1880. Delegates chose James B. Weaver of Iowa for President and Barzillai J. Chambers of Texas for Vice President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention\nThe Greenback Party was a newcomer to the political scene in 1880, having arisen, mostly in the nation's West and South, as a response to the economic depression that followed the Panic of 1873. During the Civil War, Congress had authorized \"greenbacks\", a form of money redeemable in government bonds, rather than in gold as was traditional. After the war, many Democrats and Republicans in the East sought to return to the gold standard, and the government began to withdraw greenbacks from circulation. The reduction of the money supply, combined with the economic depression, made life harder for debtors, farmers, and industrial laborers; the Greenback Party hoped to draw support from these groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention\nSix men were candidates for the presidential nomination. Weaver, an Iowa congressman and Civil War general, was the clear favorite, but two other congressmen, Benjamin F. Butler of Massachusetts and Hendrick B. Wright of Pennsylvania, also commanded considerable followings. Weaver triumphed quickly, winning a majority of the 850 delegates' votes on the first ballot. Chambers, a Texas businessman and Confederate veteran, was likewise nominated on the initial vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0002-0001", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention\nMore tumultuous was the fight over the platform, as delegates from disparate factions of the left-wing movement clashed over women's suffrage, Chinese immigration, and the extent to which the government should regulate working conditions. Votes for women was the most contentious of these, with the party ultimately endorsing the suffragists' cause, despite a vocal minority's opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention\nWeaver and Chambers left the convention with high hopes for the third party's cause, but in the end they were disappointed. The election was a close contest between the Republican, James A. Garfield, and the Democrat, Winfield Scott Hancock, with Garfield being the narrow victor. The Greenback ticket placed a distant third, netting just over three percent of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Background, Origins\nThe Greenback Party was a newcomer to politics in 1880, having first nominated candidates for national office four years earlier. The party had arisen, mostly in the West and South, as a response to the economic depression that followed the Panic of 1873. During the Civil War, Congress had authorized \"greenbacks\", a new form of fiat money that was redeemable not in gold but in government bonds. The greenbacks had helped to finance the war when the government's gold supply did not keep pace with the expanding costs of maintaining the armies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0004-0001", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Background, Origins\nWhen the crisis had passed, many in both the Democratic and Republican parties, especially in the East, wanted to return the nation's currency to a gold standard as soon as possible (candidates who favored the gold-backed currency were called \"hard money\" supporters, while the policy of encouraging inflation was known as \"soft money\"). The Specie Payment Resumption Act, passed in 1875, ordered that greenbacks be gradually withdrawn and replaced with gold-backed currency, beginning in 1879. At the same time, economic depression had made it more expensive for debtors to pay debts they had contracted when currency was less valuable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0004-0002", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Background, Origins\nNeither the Democrats nor the Republicans offered a home to those who favored retaining greenbacks, so many looked to create a third party that would address their concerns. Greenbackers drew support from the growing labor movement in the nation's Eastern cities, as well as from Western and Southern farmers who had been harmed by deflation. Beyond their support for a larger money supply, they also favored an eight-hour work day, safety regulations in factories, and an end to child labor. As one author put it, they \"anticipated by almost fifty years the progressive legislation of the first quarter of the twentieth century\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Background, Origins\nIn 1876, various independent delegates gathered in Indianapolis to nominate a presidential ticket to campaign on those issues. For president, they chose Peter Cooper, an 85-year-old industrialist and philanthropist from New York, with Samuel Fenton Cary, a former congressman from Ohio, as his running mate. The Greenback ticket fared poorly in the election that November, attracting just 81,740 votes\u2014less than 1% of the total. As bad economic times continued, however, the party gained momentum. Labor unrest the following year, culminating in the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, added to many laborers' alienation from the two major parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0005-0001", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Background, Origins\nLocal movements, like California's Workingmen's Party, began to agitate for laws to improve the condition of laborers (and for an end to Chinese immigration). By 1878, the third-party movement had become strong enough to elect 22 independents to the federal House of Representatives, most tied in some way to the Greenback movement. As the 1880 presidential election approached, members of the Greenback Party (or Greenback-Labor Party, as it was sometimes known) had reason to believe that they could improve on the results of 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Background, Party split\nAttempts to fuse the disparate state and local parties into a national force led to friction between party leaders. By 1879, there was a clear split, as a group led by Marcus M. \"Brick\" Pomeroy formed their own \"Union Greenback Labor Party\". Pomeroy's group of mostly Southern and Western Greenbackers was opposed to electoral fusion with either of the two major parties, and took more radical positions on monetary policy\u2014including payment of all federal bonds in greenbacks, rather than the gold dollars originally promised to investors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0006-0001", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Background, Party split\nThey also differed from the Eastern-centered rump party (often called the \"National Greenback Party\") in calling for the popular election of postmasters and the death penalty as punishment for corruption in public office. After a January 1880 conference in Washington, D.C. failed to unite the factions, each party called for its own national convention to nominate candidates for president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0007-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Background, Party split\nThe Union Greenbackers held their convention first, meeting in St. Louis in March 1880. Although much of the young party's leadership remained with the Eastern faction, the March gathering included Solon Chase and Kersey Graves, among other third-party notables. They nominated Stephen D. Dillaye, a New Jersey lawyer and journalist, for President and Barzillai J. Chambers, a Texas merchant and surveyor, for Vice President. Because Dillaye had previously declared he was not interested in the nomination, many delegates protested, seeing Dillaye as a placeholder for eventual re-unification with the National Greenbackers. Dillaye himself supported reunification, and Pomeroy also urged the delegates to send representatives to the Easterners' convention, which was set for June 1880 in Chicago. The majority agreed with the sentiment, and Union Greenbackers gathered in Chicago along with National Greenbackers as their convention began a few months later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 1019]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0008-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Candidates, Weaver\nJames Baird Weaver grew up on the Iowa frontier, and was involved with the Republican Party from its early days in the late 1850s. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he joined the Union Army. Weaver saw action at the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and Resaca, and rose to the rank of brevet brigadier general. After the war, he continued to be active in Iowa Republican politics. Weaver sought nomination to the House of Representatives and the Governorship, but each time was defeated by candidates from the party's more conservative faction, led by William B. Allison. He campaigned for the Republican presidential candidate Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876, but also attended the 1876 Greenback National Convention as an observer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0009-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Candidates, Weaver\nBy 1877, differences with the Republican party leadership on the money question led him to consider other options. After initially supporting the Republican candidate for governor that year, Weaver joined the Greenback Party in August. In 1878, Weaver accepted the Greenback nomination for Iowa's 6th congressional district. Although Weaver's political career up to then had been as a staunch Republican, Democrats in the 6th district considered that endorsing him was likely the only way to defeat Ezekiel S. Sampson, the incumbent Republican. Despite objections from some hard-money Democrats, the Greenback-Democrat ticket prevailed, and Weaver was elected with 16,366 votes to Sampson's 14,307.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0010-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Candidates, Weaver\nWeaver entered the 46th Congress in March 1879. Although the House was closely divided, neither major party included the Greenbackers in its caucus, leaving them few committee assignments and little input on legislation. Weaver gave his first speech in April 1879, criticizing the use of the army to police Southern polling stations, while also decrying the violence against black Southerners that made such protection necessary; he then described the Greenback platform, which he said would put an end to the sectional and economic strife.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0010-0001", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Candidates, Weaver\nThe next month, he spoke in favor of a bill calling for an increase in the money supply by allowing the unlimited coinage of silver, but the bill was easily defeated. Weaver's oratorical skill drew praise, and while he was unable to advance Greenback policy ideas, he was soon considered the front-runner for the presidential nomination in 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0011-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Candidates, Butler\nBenjamin Franklin Butler was born in Deerfield, New Hampshire, and later moved to Massachusetts to pursue a legal career. He built a successful practice in the 1840s and 1850s, and became involved in local politics as a Democrat. A compelling public speaker, Butler was first elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1853. He successfully ran for a Massachusetts Senate seat in 1859. Despite his Protestant upbringing he gained a faithful following among Massachusetts Catholics, and also built support among laborers. In the 1860 presidential campaign, Butler sought compromise with the slave power, and believed Senator Jefferson Davis of Mississippi ought to be the Democratic Party's nominee for president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0012-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Candidates, Butler\nButler had been elected a brigadier general of the Massachusetts militia, and when the Civil War began in 1861, he quickly organized his men and marched south. Butler's men occupied Baltimore to ensure that Maryland did not follow its fellow Southern states into secession. He was promoted to major general in May of that year, and sent to command at Fort Monroe in Virginia, where he pioneered the tactic of seizing and freeing slaves as \"contraband of war\". When Union forces captured New Orleans, Butler was sent to command there. Butler's rule was harsh, and he became especially reviled among Southern whites, to whom he was known as \"Beast\" Butler. He was transferred to the Virginia theater in 1863, where he worked under General Ulysses S. Grant's direction in the campaigns that led to the Confederacy's defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 875]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0013-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Candidates, Butler\nAfter the war, Butler was elected to Congress as a Republican, and soon came to identify with that party's more radical element. In 1868, he was among the leaders in President Andrew Johnson's impeachment. Butler's wartime exploits earned him support among blacks and abolitionists, which, combined with his existing base among laborers, ensured his reelection for several terms. His radicalism made him enemies among conservative Republicans, however, and when he lost his seat in the Democratic wave of 1874, he began to shift his allegiance to the nascent Greenback Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0013-0001", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Candidates, Butler\nIn 1876, he returned to the House as a Republican, but in 1878 he ran unsuccessfully for Governor of Massachusetts as an independent Greenbacker with Democratic support. Butler had supporters across the political spectrum\u2014he was often said to be \"a member of all parties and false to each\"\u2014and was considered a presidential possibility when the Greenbackers convened in Chicago in 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0014-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Candidates, Wright\nHendrick Bradley Wright was born and raised in northeastern Pennsylvania. After studying law at Dickinson College, Wright returned to Wilkes-Barre and quickly became known as a gifted attorney and orator. His powers of speech earned him notice in Pennsylvania Democratic Party circles, as well as the nickname \"Old-Man-Not-Afraid-To-Be-Called-A-Demagogue\". He became a district attorney for Luzerne County in 1834 and was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1841. Wright was reelected in 1842 and 1843, serving as Speaker in his final term. He served as president of the 1844 Democratic National Convention, working with the anti-Van Buren faction to prevent that former President's nomination. After the convention, he sought a seat in the United States Senate, but was unsuccessful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 859]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0015-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Candidates, Wright\nWright was defeated for election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1850, but was successful in 1852. Defeated for reelection in 1854, he ran in 1860 as a Democrat with Republican support, and was elected to represent Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district. He spoke against the Peace Democrats early in the Civil War, but by 1864, believing the Union war aims had changed for the worse, he supported Democrat George B. McClellan for the presidency. Wright did not run for reelection, returning to private life in 1863. He continued his legal career, and published writings on the relationship between labor and capital. His book A Practical Treatise on Labor was published in 1871.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0016-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Candidates, Wright\nIn 1876, Wright was elected to his old seat in Congress as a Democrat, but with support from the small Greenback movement. In 1878, the situation was reversed: Wright ran as a Greenbacker, but was reelected with support by Democrats. He attracted attention in Congress with his proposal to amend the Homestead Act of 1862 to establish government loans to would-be settlers of the West, making it easier for landless Easterners to claim homesteads there. Congress was, on the whole, not receptive to Wright's proposal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0016-0001", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Candidates, Wright\nWright proposed it again in 1879 and emphasized the conservatism of his proposal, that it was a loan secured by the homestead, not a gift from the state; even so, the bill went down to overwhelming defeat. Despite his failure, Wright, like Weaver, had raised his profile as a potential presidential nominee by attempting to advance Greenback ideas in Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0017-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Candidates, Other contenders\nSeveral favorite son candidates had delegates interested in their nomination, although they were seen as having less of a chance of gaining the nomination. Alexander Campbell had represented Illinois in the House of Representatives several years earlier. He was seen as a pragmatist who represented the Greenback Party's more conservative members. Henly James was the head of the Grange in Indiana and had served in the state legislature there, but attracted little support outside his own delegation. In the Wisconsin delegation, many favored Edward P. Allis, an industrialist who owned the Reliance Iron Works.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 64], "content_span": [65, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0017-0001", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Candidates, Other contenders\nAllis was a longtime supporter of soft money, but had no experience in elected office. Finally, Solon Chase of Maine had some support from the New England delegations. Chase was a publisher of a Greenback newspaper, Chase's Inquirer, and had narrowly lost a House election in 1878. Chase was among the most radical of the Greenbackers, attracting support from the party's left-wing members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 64], "content_span": [65, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0018-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Convention, Preliminaries\nThe National Greenback Party delegates assembled in the Interstate Exposition Building in Chicago on Wednesday, June 9, 1880. The Republican convention took place in the same building, and had only just ended after a record 36 rounds of balloting. When the Greenbackers arrived, the Republicans' banners still hung from the walls, so the delegates were greeted by images of Abraham Lincoln and Thaddeus Stevens as they entered. The building, popularly known as the \"Glass Palace\", had been built in 1873 for an Interstate Industrial Exposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0019-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Convention, Preliminaries\nFranklin P. Dewees of the party's executive committee called the convention to order at 12:30\u00a0p.m. on June 9. Reverend Pearl P. Ingalls of Iowa said a brief prayer, and the convention was opened. Gilbert De La Matyr, a Methodist minister and Greenback congressman from Indiana, was unanimously chosen as temporary chairman. After De La Matyr gave a brief, fiery speech, they proceeded to call the roll, which included delegates from every state except Oregon. As the roll call finished, Matilda Joslyn Gage, a suffragist, mounted the stage, provoking cheers from some delegates and howls of outrage from others. She called for the new party to recognize women's right to vote, but the issue was avoided temporarily when the delegates voted to send her petition to a committee for further study.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 856]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0020-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Convention, Reunification\nThe Union Greenback convention had reconvened at nearby Farwell Hall and sent an emissary to the National Greenbackers. The delegates voted to join the other faction in a special conference committee to work for reunification, then adjourned until 7:30 that evening. While they waited for the committees to finish their work, the delegates listened to speeches by several prominent Greenbackers, including Denis Kearney, a California labor leader, and William Wallace, a Canadian parliamentarian and advocate for currency reform. Meanwhile, the Credentials Committee voted narrowly to admit the Union Greenbackers, as well as a delegation from the Socialist Labor Party. The Committee on Permanent Organization voted to recommend Richard F. Trevellick, a Michigan trade union organizer, as the permanent chairman of the convention. None of the reports were finished by the appointed time, so the convention adjourned again until 10:45 Thursday morning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 1014]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0021-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Convention, Reunification\nWhen they reconvened, the Credentials Committee announced that there were 608 regularly selected delegates, and recommended the admission of 185 Union Greenbackers and 44 Socialist Laborites, along with a handful of others. After a spirited and chaotic discussion, the convention voted to admit the other delegates in a voice vote: the party was reunified. Messages were sent to the Union Greenbackers and Socialist Laborites informing them of the results. In the meantime, the women's suffrage supporters again tried to convince the delegates to endorse their cause.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0021-0001", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Convention, Reunification\nSara Andrews Spencer took the stage to give an impassioned argument for women's right to vote, while Kearney climbed a nearby platform to shout his disapproval. Their informal debate was interrupted by a brass band, announcing the arrival of the Union Greenbackers and Socialist Laborites. The convention erupted in prolonged cheering and a banner with the word \"Reunion\" was hoisted. The convention broke for a brief recess as the delegates renewed their acquaintance with the erstwhile schismatics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0022-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Convention, Platform\nThe delegates voted to address the platform before deciding on nominees, and debate began when they reconvened at 8:45\u00a0p.m. Many fights and compromises had been hashed out in the Resolutions Committee already, but the delegates insisted on debating several provisions. On many planks, there was widespread agreement among the delegates. On the monetary issue, the platform declared that all money, whether metal or paper, should be issued by the government, not by banks (as was common for paper money at the time).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0022-0001", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Convention, Platform\nThey also called for the unlimited coinage of silver and the repayment of the national debt in bonds, rather than gold dollars. Other planks of the platform called for a graduated income tax, laws to mandate safe working conditions in factories, the regulation of interstate commerce, and an end to child and convict labor; all of these were familiar parts of Greenback platforms from earlier elections, and provoked no serious dissent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0023-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Convention, Platform\nSocial issues provoked greater disagreement. Kearney's Western faction gained a victory when the platform was made to include a call for an end to Chinese immigration. They also turned, at last, to the issue of suffrage. They eventually agreed on a vague statement in the platform, that the party would \"denounce as dangerous, the efforts everywhere manifest to restrict the right of suffrage\". Many of the delegates found this unsatisfying, and called for a separate resolution on the subject. After more debate, a resolution calling for the enfranchisement of \"every citizen\" passed by a vote of 528 to 124. The Socialist Labor faction proposed another resolution declaring \"that land, air, and water are the grand gifts of nature to all mankind\", and that no person had a right to monopolize them; the convention applauded, but the proposal was shunted off to a committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 932]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0024-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Convention, Nominations and balloting\nIt was nearly midnight on Thursday night when the platform fights were finished, but the delegates voted to proceed immediately to nominations for President. At 1:00 Friday morning, the roll call began. S.F. Norton proposed his fellow Illinoisan, Alexander Campbell, proclaiming his great financial knowledge and association with Lincoln. James Buchanan, the editor of the Indianapolis Sun, proposed Benjamin Butler. Iowa Congressman Edward H. Gillette nominated Weaver, and Frank M. Fogg of Maine proposed \"the farmer's friend\", Solon Chase. Perry Talbot of Missouri nominated the Union Greenbackers' nominee, Stephen D. Dillaye, who immediately asked that his name be withdrawn. Pennsylvania's delegation nominated Hendrick Wright, and Wisconsin's closed with the nomination of Edward P. Allis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 73], "content_span": [74, 870]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0025-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Convention, Nominations and balloting\nWith the time now 3:25\u00a0a.m., the delegates took an informal ballot. Weaver led the pack with about 30% of the votes, with Wright, Dillaye, and Butler trailing at about 15% each and the remaining votes scattered among the remaining candidates. Supporters of Wright and Butler talked of combining their forces, but the momentum favored Weaver. In the first formal ballot, at 4:10\u00a0a.m., Weaver gained votes, and delegates began shifting their ballots to him. Without any official motion, the nomination was made unanimous, and the brass band again began to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 73], "content_span": [74, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0025-0001", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Convention, Nominations and balloting\nWeaver, who was staying at the nearby Palmer House hotel, was summoned to the convention. As they waited, the delegates turned to the vice presidential nomination. Some of Butler's supporters proposed nominating Absolom M. West of Mississippi, a more conservative Greenbacker, to balance the ticket against Weaver, whom they regarded as radical. West, who was present at the convention, had already disappointed the radicals by opposing women's suffrage and the eight-hour day. They instead proposed Barzillai J. Chambers of Texas, who had been the Union Greenbackers' nominee for vice president. The majority agreed, as Chambers took 403 votes to West's 311.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 73], "content_span": [74, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0026-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Convention, Nominations and balloting\nWeaver had still not arrived, and the Socialist Labor delegates took the opportunity to call for a re-vote on their land plank and the women's suffrage issue. The delegates overruled the chairman's decision that the question was out of order, and overwhelmingly voted that the \"land, air, and water\" plank and a plank explicitly supporting women's suffrage should be considered \"part of the platform\". Finally, at 6:00\u00a0a.m., Weaver arrived. To thunderous applause, the nominee thanked the convention for its decision and accepted the nomination. At 6:45\u00a0a.m., the exhausted delegates adjourned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 73], "content_span": [74, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0027-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Aftermath\nThree weeks later, Weaver published his formal letter of acceptance, calling for all party members to \"go forth in the great struggle for human rights\". In a departure from the political traditions of the day, Weaver himself campaigned, making speeches across the South in July and August. As the Greenbackers had the only ticket that included a Southerner, Weaver and Chambers hoped to make inroads in the South. Chambers's own participation was limited, as before reaching home from the convention, he fell and broke two ribs as he exited his train. He was confined to bed for several weeks and considered withdrawing from the race, but decided against it; his efforts were limited by his injuries, and his only contribution to the campaign was to publish his newspaper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 818]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0028-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Aftermath\nAs the campaign progressed, Weaver's message of racial inclusion drew violent protests in the South, as the Greenbackers faced the same obstacles the Republicans did in the face of increasing black disenfranchisement. In the autumn, Weaver campaigned in the North, but the Greenbackers' lack of support was compounded by Weaver's refusal to run a fusion ticket in states where Democratic and Greenbacker strength might have combined to outvote the Republicans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026668-0029-0000", "contents": "1880 Greenback National Convention, Aftermath\nThe Greenback ticket received 305,997 votes and no electoral votes, compared to 4,446,158 for the winner, Republican James A. Garfield, and 4,444,260 for Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock. The party was strongest in the West and South, but in no state did Weaver receive more than 12% of the vote, and his nationwide total was just 3%. That figure represented an improvement over the Greenback vote of 1876, but to Weaver, who expected twice as many votes as he received, it was a disappointment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026670-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1880 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1880 college football season. The team finished with a 2\u20132\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026670-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Harvard Crimson football team\nOn November 6, 1880, Harvard defeated Columbia 3\u20130 before a crowd of about 300 who paid 50 cents to watch the game at the Polo Grounds in New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026670-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Harvard Crimson football team\nAlso at the Polo Grounds one week later, Harvard lost to Princeton with between 3,000 and 4,000 in attendance. Princeton scored two goals and held Harvard to one goal. Princeton also had five touchdowns for safety to two for Harvard. The Sun of New York reported that the game, played under the new 1880 rules of the Intercollegiate Football Association, was football in name only, but \"in reality a series of wrestling encounters for possession of a large leather globe.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026671-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Illawarra colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Illawarra on 7 July 1880 following the resignation of Samuel Gray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026672-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Illinois gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 Illinois gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026672-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Illinois gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Republican Governor Shelby Moore Cullom defeated Democratic nominee Lyman Trumbull who won 50.56% of the vote. Cullom's victory was the seventh consecutive victory for the Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026672-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Illinois gubernatorial election\nRepublican John Marshall Hamilton was elected Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. At this time in Illinois history, the Lieutenant Governor was elected on a separate ballot from the governor. This would remain so until the 1970 constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026672-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Illinois gubernatorial election, Bibliography\nThis Illinois elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026673-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Indiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on October 12, 1880. Republican nominee Albert G. Porter defeated Democratic nominee Franklin Landers with 49.16% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026674-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1880 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 24 November 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026674-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Invercargill mayoral election\nNicholas Johnson defeated former mayor Joseph Hatch and councillor John Kingsland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026675-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Italian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Italy on 16 May 1880, with a second round of voting on 23 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026675-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nThe Historical Left was led by the Prime Minister of Italy, Agostino Depretis, long time Prime Minister of Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026675-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nThe bloc of the Historical Right was led by Marco Minghetti, a conservative politician and former Prime Minister, from Bologna.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026675-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nA third large parliamentary group was the Dissident Left, composed by former members of the Left, which were against the alliance with the Right. Also known as La Pentarchia (The Pentarchy), its main leader was Giuseppe Zanardelli, a jurisconsult from Brescia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026675-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nThe Historical Left group emerged as the largest in Parliament, although left-wing dissidents won 119 of the 508 seats, becoming the third parliamentary group. Only 621,896 men of a total population of around 29 million were entitled to vote. Benedetto Cairoli was confirmed Prime Minister by the king Umberto I.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026676-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1880. Incumbent Republican John St. John defeated Democratic nominee Edmund G. Ross with 57.90% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026677-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1880 Kentucky Derby was the 6th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 18, 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026678-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Kentucky University football team\nThe 1880 Kentucky University football team represented Kentucky University\u2014now known as Transylvania University\u2014in the 1880 college football season. This was Kentucky U's first ever season. The first game is claimed as the first game ever played in the south at Stoll Field, though Washington & Lee and VMI played earlier games;  it's the first game in the state of Kentucky. The game was said to have resembled a combination of soccer and rugby. Kentucky U won both its games over Centre College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026679-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Kiama colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Kiama on 2 July 1880 because of the resignation of Samuel Charles ahead of a long trip to Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026680-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Kilkenny City by-election\nThe Kilkenny City by-election of 1880 took place on 26 February 1880. It arose due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Benjamin Whitworth, in order to contest Drogheda. A Mr. Doherty, from Dublin, went forward as a Home Rule candidate, but withdrew, since he had accepted some government contracts. The only candidate nominated was John Francis Smithwick, who was declared elected unopposed. Smithwick, although described in The Times as a Liberal, was known as strong supporter of Home Rule. Doherty ran against Smithwick in the general election, less than two months later, as a Home Rule candidate. Smithwick won by 318 votes to 204.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026681-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Monday 1 November 1880. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026681-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections\nAt the meeting of the Council on 9 November 1880, the terms of office of eight alderman expired. The following eight were elected as Aldermen by the Council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 9 November 1890 for a term of six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026681-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 6, Castle Street, 21 March 1881\nCaused by the death of Councillor William Crossfield (Liberal, Castle Street, elected 1 November 1878), which was reported to the Council meeting on 2 March 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026681-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 4, St. Paul's, 4 April 1881\nCaused by the result of the election for the St. Paul's ward on 1 November 1879 being declared void under the Corrupt Practices (Municipal Elections) Act, 1872. Andrew Patterson, the Agent for George Curzon Dobell (Conservative),  was found to have given 5 shillings to Catherine Tallon in order to induce her to vote for George Curzon Dobell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 83], "content_span": [84, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026681-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 12, Lime Street, 4 April 1881\nCaused by the result of the election for the Lime Street ward on 1 November 1879 being declared void under the Corrupt Practices (Municipal Elections) Act, 1872. Edward Dobson, the Agent for James Alexander Forrest (Conservative), was found to have given a pair of gloves to Martha Wilson in order to induce her to vote for James Alexander Forrest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026681-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 16, North Toxteth, 17 June 1881\nCaused by the resignation of Councillor Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Fell Steble (Conservative, North Toxteth, elected 1 November 1878).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes\nThe earthquakes of July 1880 in Luzon, the largest island of the Philippines, were one of the most destructive tremors on record in the history of the country. The shocks continued, with greater or less interruption, from the 14th to the 25th of the month, highlighted by three violent shaking events, which destroyed churches and other buildings, producing loss of life. Coinciding with the tectonic activity was an increase in volcanic activity in Taal Volcano in southwestern Luzon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes\nThe Luzon provinces of Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Laguna, Pampanga, and Nueva Ecija were the chief victims from the convulsions with Manila and Laguna receiving the most damage. In many places, buildings were converted into shapeless heaps of ruins, and the materials of their prosperity buried beneath the rubbish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, Initial vibrations\nThe vibrations began during the months of April and May, in the northern provinces of Luzon. The center of oscillation, as indicated by the directions registered at Manila, appears to coincide with a volcano, which has been long extinct, situated between Lepanto (now part of Kalinga) and Abra provinces, in the Central Cordillera of Luzon, in latitude 16\u00b0 22' N and longitude 127\u00b0 E, according to the Spanish Observatory of San Fernando.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 64], "content_span": [65, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0002-0001", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, Initial vibrations\nAt first the movements were weak and little frequent, but in the month of June they became quite intense, and extended from north to south over a large zone. This direction never changed; and the few discordances recorded appear to have been a result of haste or want of care in the method of taking the observations, exactness being hardly attainable without special instruments for the purpose.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 64], "content_span": [65, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, Initial vibrations\nTaal Volcano was observed to start showing increase in activity from the 8th of June and sometimes at night the crater is covered with glare.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 64], "content_span": [65, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, Initial vibrations\nEarly in July some vibrations were felt, but from the 5th to the 14th none were recorded at Manila or any point on the island. On the July 14 at 12:53\u00a0p.m., as a storm from the northeast of Luzon was threatening as indicated by an extraordinary fall of the barometer, the first shock occurred. After this first tremor, there were two more shocks at the end of an hour and a half. On the 15th and 16th no perceptible shocks occurred; and on the 17th, only two small shocks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 64], "content_span": [65, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 18, Sunday\nOn the 18th at 12:40\u00a0p.m., occurred the first great shock described as one of oscillation, also of \"trepidation,\" and spoken of commonly at the time as one of rotation. Its duration was 70 seconds. The people immediately ran for places of security, and those in the streets were filled with confusion, Some ran without a fixed direction; others fell on their knees, giving forth fearful cries. The sight presented by the city was frightful in the extreme; for seventy mortal seconds the city was in oscillation, and the inclinations threatened to raze to the ground the creaking edifices; the noise of the falling buildings increased the general panic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 61], "content_span": [62, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 18, Sunday\nThe first shocks were slight, which gave time for people to run out of the houses to places of security accounting for lesser loss of life. The quake also happened on a Sunday, the public and private establishments being closed, permitted the families to be collected. Had the earthquake happened at night with the majority using lamp with kerosene oil, nothing could have stopped a fallen lamp from spreading fire to a fallen building.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 61], "content_span": [62, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0007-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 18, Sunday\nIn Manila, among the buildings which sustained damage on the 18th, was the Mint House, which suffered considerably in the first story. Orders were given to pull down the buildings which threatened any danger to the pedestrians, and engineers were going around surveying the buildings, examining the interior of the dwellings, ordering out the inhabitants where danger existed. The pillars supporting some of the wooden houses were found forced into the earth by one-fourth of their length.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 61], "content_span": [62, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0008-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 18, Sunday\nFrom then on, small tremors continued throughout the day. The frightened, terrified look of the people going through the streets, the slightest noise being sufficient to startle and set every soul running out of the houses to the middle of the streets, and to the squares, every slight shock of the earth strikes terror into the soul of every one, each and every one expecting unheard-of calamity. Whole families were emigrating from the city to the country on a large scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 61], "content_span": [62, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0009-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 18, Sunday\nThe view during the earthquake from the vessels in Pasig River, was, as described by an eyewitness, something to be seen to be appreciated. The rocking to and fro of the buildings was something terrific, the vessels moving about and bumping each other as though in a heavy seaway; the water of the river, bubbling up and mixed with the black mud of the river, was all the colour of ink; hundreds of people rushed off to the ships and remained all night. In Manila Bay, the same bubbling appearance was observable on the water, and the shock was distinctly felt on board the ships; the water's depth close in shore had been shallowed by some four feet in some places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 61], "content_span": [62, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0010-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 18, Sunday\nIn Lingayen, Pangasinan, some 200 kilometres (120\u00a0mi) north of Manila, the earthquake occurred at 12:42\u00a0p.m., reported as violent, oscillating NE to SE, with a duration of 1 minute 50 seconds accompanied by deep subterranean noise. In Santa Cruz, Laguna province, 60 kilometres (37\u00a0mi) SE of Manila, the shock was also felt at 12:42\u00a0p.m. and continued for more than a minute. The Government House, the Convent, the Telegraphic Office and the rest of the province formed a single mass of ruins. In Tayabas, Quezon, Quezon province, the oscillation continued for 2 minutes and 30 seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 61], "content_span": [62, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0011-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 18, Sunday, Strange phenomenon in Cavite\nOn the occasion of the earthquake, the people in Cavite across the bay saw Manila enveloped in a dense cloud of dust, and thought that Manila was completely destroyed. A very interesting phenomenon was also observed in Cavite. During the intensity of the earthquake, in the anchorage of Cavite, columns of black mud were seen to burst up, with a strong smell of sulphur. The very interesting phenomenon was also observed in Manila a few days previous to the destructive earthquake of 1863, in front of the Colgante suspension bridge on Pasig River. A column of blackish water was seen to burst up, which attracted the attention of the people. In 1869, the same phenomenon occurred in Manila, then also previous to an earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 91], "content_span": [92, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0012-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 18, Sunday, Strange phenomenon in Cavite\nIn Ca\u00f1acao, Cavite and a few other places crevices were opened, and from them fine sand and dirty water were ejected. In one of these crevices that opened in Nueva Ecija, the crack was so wide and deep it was reported that an old man and a boy disappeared in it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 91], "content_span": [92, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0013-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 18, Sunday, Strange phenomenon in Cavite\nThe day after, July 19 in the afternoon, Taal Volcano started issuing large mass of smoke, according to a telegraphic news from Taal, Batangas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 91], "content_span": [92, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0014-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20, Tuesday\nFrom that first shock on July 18, there was an uninterrupted series of small shocks which continued until July 20 at 3:40\u00a0p.m., when then occurred a repetition of extraordinary violence, with movements of oscillation and trembling (\"trepidation\") lasting 45 seconds. The earth shook again reducing to complete ruins the buildings partially destroyed and damaged buildings being secured, startling many workmen who were engaged in the reconstructing the City. Clouds of dust covered the whole town in a few seconds afterwards and obscuring the view of everything.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 62], "content_span": [63, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0015-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20, Tuesday\nAs soon as the earthquake ceased, the authorities turned out into the streets, amongst whom the first were the Governor-General, the Archbishop and General Director of the Civil Administration, the Civil Governor, and the Colonial Secretary, giving to every one who saluted them a consoling word.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 62], "content_span": [63, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0016-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20, Tuesday\nCrevices were opened in several places, and among them the Plaza de Palacio. Numerous buildings have sustained damage, some of them completely razed to the ground. The highest buildings suffered most, such as churches, palaces, and towers. The belfry of the Manila Cathedral that survived the great 1863 earthquake fell in. A detailed description of list of damage would be considered too long and almost unnecessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 62], "content_span": [63, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0017-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20, Tuesday\nThe newly reconstructed Manila Cathedral, destroyed by the 1863 earthquake, with the surviving belfry from the previous cathedral.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 62], "content_span": [63, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0018-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20, Tuesday\nThe belfry destroyed in the afternoon of July 20, 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 62], "content_span": [63, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0019-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20, Tuesday\nTelegraphic news from the provinces was received, giving the time and strength of the shock felt at each place. In Bi\u00f1an, Laguna province, the church, court house, and all the brick houses were destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 62], "content_span": [63, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0020-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20, Tuesday\nOne circumstance as a precursor of tranquility was the eruption of the Taal Volcano, which was ignited the day before, sending forth a large quantity of smoke, a fact which may be regarded as a favorable change in the geological state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 62], "content_span": [63, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0021-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20 evening quake\nWith those ever-present movements of trepidation at short intervals, the pendulum continued oscillating during all the evening in a NE and SW direction. At 10:40\u00a0p.m. occurred the third violent repetition, which lasted 55 seconds; the violence of earthquake was even greater than that afternoon of the 20th. It was also greater than that of the 18th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 67], "content_span": [68, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0022-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20 evening quake\nThe state of the city and the whole provinces of Luzon, where all the brick buildings, together with some of the wooden houses with metallic roofs, have sustained damage of more or less consideration, and with especially those of Manila which are in a complete ruin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 67], "content_span": [68, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0023-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20 evening quake\nThe Governor-General sent by telegraph the details of the earthquake of the 18th on the afternoon of the 20th to Spain, but as soon as that was forwarded, the terrific earthquake of the 20th was felt at 3:40\u00a0p.m., owing to which he began to telegraph anew, after going through the streets to infuse peace into the minds of the inhabitants with his presence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 67], "content_span": [68, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0024-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20 evening quake\nWith the shocks of the night of the 20th, the part of the bell tower of the old Cathedral that was still standing, came almost completely to the ground, the debris falling upon two adjoining houses which had been rendered uninhabitable for the last two days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 67], "content_span": [68, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0025-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20 evening quake\nIn Santa Ana, Manila, all the brick houses came to the ground, some of them built at great expense, and with iron roofs. The church was rendered useless, and a mass was said the day before in the middle of the field by all the residents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 67], "content_span": [68, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0026-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20 evening quake\nFrom the port city of Cavite, large numbers of inhabitants have abandoned their houses to go to the neighboring village of San Roque in view of the security offered by houses of light construction. The panic is great, and terror is painted in all faces. Those who could not leave this place contented themselves by living in lower houses, fearing a repetition of the earthquake. In Ca\u00f1acao, the public buildings have sustained more or less damage, and in some places boiling water was poured forth from crevices in the earth opened by the shocks. In a place called Sapa, in the village of Pandacan in Manila, several crevices were opened, some of two palms wide, from which a kind of clay was thrown out; the day before these crevices were somewhat reduced in width.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 67], "content_span": [68, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0027-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20 evening quake\nAccording to the opinion of persons from the Observatory in Manila run by the Jesuits, the center of the great geological commotion of the last few days was described as covering Manila and Laguna especially. In the rest of the provinces the effect was believed to be of smaller consideration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 67], "content_span": [68, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0028-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20 evening quake\nThe greatest portion of the private establishments, both inside and outside the walls of Manila were closed and the sight was a mournful one to contemplate; very few pedestrians were to be seen, and the carriage traffic was considerably reduced. Many local families passed the night of the 20th in the fields and public grounds, some of them being exposed to the rain which fell at daylight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 67], "content_span": [68, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0029-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 20 evening quake\nA pastoral letter was published by the Archbishop of Manila of that time, Fray Pedro Payo, infusing consolation and devotion into the people asking them to practice penitence in order to decrease the anger of God. According to this pastoral, a mass was to be celebrated in the camp of Bagumbayan on the 22nd, to which the army and navy, public officers, would have to be present by order of the Governor General.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 67], "content_span": [68, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0030-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 22, Thursday\nVibrations continued, but there was a marked diminution in frequency and intensity. A reassuring wire from the Jesuit Fathers regarding the earthquake reported that the commotions continue, but it is observed in them a sensible decrease in the shortness of the intervals as well as in the intensity of the shocks. The pendulum of the seismometer, which had not been quiet since the 18th up to 3 p.m. of the 21st, that morning and evening had been several times in complete quietness. From the 21st in the morning, the state of Taal volcano has improved and presumed returning to its normal condition, as reported from Lipa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 63], "content_span": [64, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0031-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 22, Thursday\nThe mass in Bagumbayan camp took place this day. The ceremony was imposing in the extreme, after which the Pastoral Benediction and a sermon followed. The congregation dispersed in processional form.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 63], "content_span": [64, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0032-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 22, Thursday\nA petition was sent to the Secretary of State for the Colonies by wire, requesting an increase in the public works staff to give a greater impulse to the works of reconstruction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 63], "content_span": [64, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0033-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 22, Thursday\nAn immense number of residents sought refuge afloat on board the steamers in the bay and in the port, and also in every insignificant vessel in the harbor during the shakings. In the Cadiz alone there are no less than twenty families, with some forty or more children; some forty people were in the Churruca, and as many in the Elcano; eighty in the Salvadora. Even in the dredging vessel five or six families found refuge shortly after the violent trepidation of the 20th and several more in the lorcha and boats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 63], "content_span": [64, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0034-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Chronology of events, July 23 thereafter\nThe seismometer pendulum at the Manila Observatory, which had not been quiet since the 18th until 3 p.m. of the 21st, was motionless for long intervals in the three following days. On the 25th, at 4:02\u00a0a.m., another shock was felt. It was of feeble intensity, yet of interest since the record bears evidence as to the gradual change in the center of seismic radiation which had been in progress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 64], "content_span": [65, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0035-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Taal Volcano\nBeginning the 8th of June, Taal Volcano was observed to be more active than normal, and sometimes at night the crater was covered with a glare. From 17th to the 21st of July, subterranean noises were heard, and many witnesses in Talisay, a town located along the shores of Taal Lake some 6 miles (9.7\u00a0km) distant from Volcano Island, reported small balls of fire (apparently about 2.5 feet (0.76\u00a0m) in diameter) appeared periodically above the crater.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0035-0001", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Taal Volcano\nThese balls after reaching a considerable height burst into small fragments, some of which fell back into the crater and the remainder upon the exterior slope. This increased in activity and eruption of July 20 though is not accounted as an eruption of Taal Volcano based on the eruption history of Taal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0036-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Taal Volcano\nSan Agustin Church in Manila, which survived the great earthquakes of 1645 and 1863, was severely damaged by the tremors of 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0037-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Other observations\nThe severest shocks seem to have been felt over the whole island of Luzon about 400 miles (640\u00a0km) North to South, and 200 miles (320\u00a0km) East to West. From observations taken it seems that the difference in the time between the extreme points was not more than ten minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0038-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Other observations\nIt appears that at the time of the great shock on the 18th, it was ebb tide; and the water in Pasig River suddenly rose 3.5 feet (1.1\u00a0m), and almost as suddenly fell again. Thousands of fish were found lying on the surface of the water in the bay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0039-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Other observations\nIt was calculated that the top of a building thirty feet from the ground was thrown 5 feet (1.5\u00a0m) out of its perpendicular; and one of the towers of the cathedral oscillated over 20 feet (6.1\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0040-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Other observations\nIn one of the provinces, the local houses, which are built of bamboo and thatch, were sent flying; that canoes were thrown out of the water; and the growing rice torn out of the ground. The earth sunk in many places, the bed of one river had sunk 6 feet (1.8\u00a0m). Great chasms, 10 to 12 feet (3.0 to 3.7\u00a0m) wide and of immense depth, were ripped in the earth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0041-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Other observations\nThe churches of Guadalupe (now Guadalupe Viejo in Makati), Paco, Pandacan, Santa Ana, San Sebastian Church and San Miguel were in ruins. Within the walls of Manila the San Augustin Church, San Francisco Church and Santo Domingo Church were very seriously damaged. The Landnay barracks were down and the soldiers took refuge in one of the cigar factories. The barracks near the Luneta went down and the men built nipa huts there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0042-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Aftermath\nAfter the earthquakes of 1880 a commission composed of engineers of public works was appointed to study the ruins caused by these earthquakes, to point out the defects in the structure of the buildings that had been damaged, and to formulate rules which would be more practical than the ones previously drawn up for the rebuilding and repairing of the city. Jose Centeno, engineer of mines, was entrusted with this task.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0042-0001", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Aftermath\nHis memoir, \"\"Temblores de tierra occuridos en Julio de 1880 en la Isla de Luzon,\" is one of the best that has been published from a descriptive point of view. He personally covered the whole territory in which these earthquakes had been most violent, and hence was able to determine, with the precision possible in such cases, the meizoseismic areas of the three destructive earthquakes that took place from July 14 to 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0043-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Aftermath\nReconstruction of the city was undertaken by civil engineers who adopted the traditional combination formula, while adapting this to the adverse seismic conditions. It was recommended that the ground floor of buildings should be constructed using a timber framework with multiple ties and that the external walls should be brick-built. Heavy roofing made from tiles was discouraged in favor of the new lighter galvanized iron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026682-0044-0000", "contents": "1880 Luzon earthquakes, Aftermath\nThe front structure of Fort Santiago in Manila with tiled roof before it was destroyed by the earthquake of 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026683-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 13, 1880 for a two-year term that was scheduled to run from January 13, 1881 to January 3, 1883. The contest resulted in the victory of Greenback and Democratic nominee Harris M. Plaisted, who narrowly defeated incumbent Republican Governor Daniel F. Davis, one of the few times Republicans lost control of the governorship between the founding of the party in the 1850s and the Great Depression.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026683-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Maine gubernatorial election, Background\nIn 1878, events including wage cuts that precipitated the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 caused Plaisted to leave the Republican Party because of dissatisfaction with their monetary policy. As did many farmers and laborers, Plaisted opposed currency backed by gold and silver, arguing that it caused the post-Panic of 1873 deflation that reduced wages and prices paid to farmers, laborers, and producers of raw materials. Instead, he favored federal government-issued currency not backed by gold and silver, believing that this would prevent deflation and make business easier to transact by holding costs and salaries steady.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026683-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Maine gubernatorial election, Background\nBoth the national Republican and Democratic parties favored specie-backed currency issued by state-chartered banks. As a result of his unhappiness with the Republicans, Plaisted joined the new Greenback Party, and became their candidate for governor in 1881. He was also backed by pro-Greenback Democrats, and became the fusion candidate of both parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026683-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Maine gubernatorial election, Background\nDavis had been elected governor in 1879 after a protracted struggle that resulted when none of the three major candidates -- Republican, Democratic, and Greenback -- received a majority, though Davis had attained a significant plurality. The legislature was required to choose, and Democrats and Greenbackers were the majority, but could not agree between themselves. Republican legislators eventually barred their opponents from the Maine State House, reconstituted the legislature, and elected Davis to the governorship. The dispute was then submitted to the Maine Supreme Court. Composed of seven Republicans and one Democrat, the court sustained the Republicans in the legislature, and Davis was inaugurated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026683-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Maine gubernatorial election, Background\nDuring Davis' governorship, Maine's government was chiefly concerned with the ongoing issue of regulating alcoholic beverages, with some legislators favoring manufacture, sale and consumption, some prohibition and some local option. In addition, the dispute over the 1879 election remained an important issue, and carried over to the 1880 campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026683-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 Maine gubernatorial election, Result\nTaking advantage of voter unhappiness caused by the lingering effects of the 1873 economic downturn and the 1879 election, Plaisted prevailed over incumbent Davis by fewer than 200 votes, becoming one of only four non-Republicans to hold the governorship between the founding of the party in the 1850s and the Great Depression in 1929.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026683-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 Maine gubernatorial election, Result\nTwo minor candidates, prohibition supporters Joshua Nye and William P. Joy also received votes. Nye's totals were 309 (.21%) and Joy's were 124 or .08%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026683-0007-0000", "contents": "1880 Maine gubernatorial election, Result\nThe rare Republican loss in Maine was seen as a sign that the post-Civil War tactic of \"waving the bloody shirt\" was less viable that it had been, and that Republicans would have to devise a new strategy in order to win the November presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026684-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Maltese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Malta between 13 and 16 October 1880. The majority of elected Councillors were members of the Anti-Reform Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026684-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Maltese general election, Background\nThe elections were held under the 1849 constitution, which provided for an 18-member Government Council, of which ten members would be appointed and eight elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026684-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Maltese general election, Results\nA total of 2,400 people were registered to vote, of which 1,866 cast votes, giving a turnout of 78%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026685-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1880 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1880 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 0\u20131\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026686-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026687-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 101st Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1880 during the governorship of John Davis Long. Robert R. Bishop served as president of the Senate and Charles J. Noyes served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026688-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Melbourne Cup\nThe 1880 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 2 November 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026688-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Melbourne Cup\nThis year was the twentieth running of the Melbourne Cup. The winner Grand Flaneur holds the distinction of being the only horse to win the Melbourne Cup and finish his or her career undefeated. Grand Flaneur won nine times including five times against the James Wilson trained Progress. Ridden by Peter St. Albans Progress started 3/1 favourite but Grand Flaneur at 4/1 won by a length despite carrying an extra stone in weight. Grand Flaneur would go on to sire future cup winners Bravo and Patron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026688-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Melbourne Cup\nThis is the list of placegetters for the 1880 Melbourne Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026689-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Men's Tennis tour\nThe 1880 Men's tennis tour  was the 4th amateur tennis tour held that year. It now incorporated 19 tournaments staged in Australia, Great Britain and Ireland and the United States. The 1880 Wimbledon Championships was won by John Hartley against Herbert Lawford, in the Challenge Round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026689-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 1: Challenge Round: the final round of a tournament, in which the winner of a single-elimination phase faces the previous year's champion, who plays only that one match. The challenge round was used in the early history of tennis (from 1877 through 1921), in some tournaments not all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026689-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 2:Tournaments in italics were events that were staged only once that season", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026690-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Mexican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Mexico in 1880. The result of the presidential election was a victory for Manuel Gonz\u00e1lez Flores, who received 77% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1880 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1880 college football season. The team was the second intercollegiate football team to represent the University of Michigan. They played one game, defeating the team from the University of Toronto, 13 to 6, at the Toronto Lacrosse Club. Michigan scored two touchdowns and one goal; Toronto scored three safety touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe team had no coach, and John Chase was the captain. Chase later became a general and commander of the Colorado National Guard in two of the most significant confrontations between American military forces and organized labor\u00a0\u2013 the Colorado Labor Wars of 1903\u20131904 and the Ludlow Massacre of April 1914. The team's quarterback, Edmond H. Barmore, went into the business of building steamships from 1881 to 1886 and later operated the Los Angeles Transfer Company for about 40 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nAlthough the 1880 season featured only one inter-collegiate game, that game was preceded by a series of inter-class football games. The first inter-class game was a game between the freshman and the sophomores that stretched across three Saturdays. The game began on Saturday, September 25, 1880, with John \"Tubby\" Chase serving as the referee. The game was resumed two weeks later on Saturday, October 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0002-0001", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nOn the latter date, the game attracted a crowd estimated at 700 spectators: \"The players was [sic] greatly impeded by the crowd, which must have numbered 700, and which followed the ball almost as closely as the players.\" The game was completed on Saturday, October 23. Having won five of the nine \"innings\" played, the freshman team was declared the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0002-0002", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nThe game was played on a field near the hospital, and The Chronicle (a weekly newspaper at the University of Michigan) commented on the violence in one of the \"rushes\" that occurred near the hospital: \"The one which took place on the hospital steps was almost worthy of a grammar school. It would have been more to the point if the fresh. had displayed their muscle in the ring.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nOn October 16, 1880, The Chronicle urged every student participate in rugby:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\n\"Every student in the University is requested and urged to come out and play Rugby from two to four in the afternoon. A practice game will also be played every Saturday morning in which those more proficient in the game are invited to participate. It is desirable that every player should turn out as the committee have only their observations to guide them in the selection of a team, and in consequence of the number of players we have lost in the class of '80, more than the usual quota of men will have to be chosen this year.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nBecause there were no other Midwestern colleges playing football in 1880, The Chronicle reported with interest on a nascent effort to develop a football team at Ohio Wesleyan University. The paper reprinted an editorial from the Ohio Wesleyan newspaper declaring, \"It seems to us that there ought to be enough life among the students to get up an interest in the game and play rugby, at least, once in a while.\" The Chronicle also reported that interest in sports was diminishing among the students at Cornell University (which became a football rival for Michigan in the late 1880s and 1890s), and that rugby had not been introduced there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nOn October 16, 1880, The Chronicle wrote that the Athletic Association's corresponding secretary was in correspondence with the football association at the University of Toronto concerning a game between the two schools. The Chronicle noted: \"As Toronto is to play Harvard this fall, there is a possibility of our being able to arrange a match with the latter, and at last accomplish the long-talked of game with some eastern college.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0007-0000", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Toronto\nOn November 6, 1880, the Michigan football team played its only game of the season against the team from the University of Toronto. The game was the third official game played by the Michigan football team since it began during the 1879 season and the first by Michigan in a foreign country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0008-0000", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Toronto\nThe team left Ann Arbor on Friday morning, November 5, on the Michigan Central Railroad. The Chronicle described the traveling group as \"a very jolly party\" that enlivened the trip with college songs. The team arrived in Toronto on Friday night and stayed at the Rossin House Hotel in the city center. Because of \"damp and dismal\" weather on Saturday morning, few of the players engaged in sight-seeing and the Toronto team proposed postponing the game until Monday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0009-0000", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Toronto\nThe teams opted to proceed with the game as scheduled on Saturday. The game was played at the Toronto Lacrosse Club starting at 2:55\u00a0pm and was scheduled for two 45-minute innings. The Chronicle described the playing conditions:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0010-0000", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Toronto\n\"[T]hroughout the whole of the first inning, the rain was increasing, and, joined with a cold wind from the north, soon drenched and all but froze both players and spectators. The ground was slippery and muddy, the water stood in pools, the ball was soon heavy, and in short circumstances were decidedly against either good playing or enjoyment of it.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0011-0000", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Toronto\nThe temperature became colder in the later afternoon, and the Toronto team proposed ending the game after the first inning. The teams ultimately agreed to play a shortened second inning of 37 minutes. During the first inning, Michigan was aided by having the wind at its back and running downhill on a slightly sloped field. In the second inning, the teams switched sides. The game ended at 4:27\u00a0pm with Michigan ahead 13\u20136. The scoring for Michigan consisted of \"one goal, two touch downs [one by halfback William Calvert], and two tries for goal, against three safety touch downs which Toronto was compelled to make.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0012-0000", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Toronto\nMichigan's starting lineup against Toronto was Elnathan P. Hathaway (140 pounds, fullback/goalkeeper), Randolph W. Brown (165 pounds, halfback), Richard Millard Dott (145 pounds, halfback), Edmond H. Barmore (147 pounds, quarterback), John \"Tubby\" Chase (178 pounds, captain and forward), Richard G. DePuy (150 pounds, forward), Frank Gates Allen (170 pounds, forward), William Graham (150 pounds, forward), Walter S. Horton (155 pounds, forward), William B. Calvert (158 pounds, forward), and Collins H. Johnston (150 pounds, forward). Frank Wormwood began the game as the umpire for Michigan, but he was called into the game to replace DePuy, who was badly injured after being \"bunted into the fence by a Toronto man.\" Charles Thomson took over as the umpire for Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026691-0013-0000", "contents": "1880 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Toronto\nAfter the game, the Toronto team hosted the Michigan team at a reception held at the College Residence. The team spent Sunday in Toronto and departed on the 9:50 Great Western train on Monday morning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026692-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1880. Republican nominee David Jerome defeated Democratic nominee Frederick M. Holloway with 51.25% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026693-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Missouri gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1880 and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, former Congressman Thomas Theodore Crittenden, over the Republican candidate, former Congressman David Patterson Dyer, and Greenback nominee Luman A. Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026693-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Missouri gubernatorial election\nMissouri returned to electing its governor to a 4-year term, instead of a 2-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026694-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 New Hampshire gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1880. Republican nominee Charles H. Bell defeated Democratic nominee Frank Jones with 51.57% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026695-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 New Jersey gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1880. Democratic nominee George C. Ludlow defeated Republican nominee Frederic A. Potts with 49.53% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026696-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 New South Wales colonial election\nThe 1880 New South Wales colonial election was held between 17 November and 2 December 1880. This election was for all of the 108 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 43 single-member constituencies, 25 2-member constituencies, one 3-member constituency and three 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult white males. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 9 November 1880 by the Governor, Lord Augustus Loftus, on the advice of the Premier, Sir Henry Parkes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026696-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 New South Wales colonial election\nThere was no recognisable party structure at this election; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026696-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 New South Wales colonial election, Results\nNew South Wales colonial election, 17 November \u2013 2 December 1880\u200aLegislative Assembly << 1877\u20131882 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026697-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 New York state election\nThe 1880 New York state election was held on November 2, 1880, to elect the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026697-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 New York state election, History\nIn 1880, there was only one officer to be elected statewide: the Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Sanford E. Church in May 1880. Charles J. Folger had been appointed temporarily to fill the vacancy until the end of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026697-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 New York state election, History\nThe Greenback state convention met on August 17 and 18 at Syracuse, New York. Thomas C. Armstrong was nominated for Chief Judge on the fifth ballot (fifth ballot: Armstrong 44, William Thornton 31, Wilson S. Wolfe had withdrawn already).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026697-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 New York state election, History\nThe Republican State Committee met on August 24 at New York City. Chester A. Arthur presided. The committee voted against the call of a state convention (vote: For 5, Against 26), and nominated unanimously the incumbent Chief Judge Charles J. Folger to succeed himself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026697-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention was held on September 28 at Saratoga, New York. Rufus W. Peckham, Jr., was Temporary Chairman. Charles A. Rapallo was nominated for Chief Judge on the first ballot (vote: Rapallo 185, William C. Ruger \"less than 60\", George B. Bradley - the Democratic candidate in 1878 - \"fewer still\").", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026697-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 New York state election, Result\nThe incumbent Chief Judge Folger was elected to succeed himself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026698-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 North Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1880. Incumbent Democrat Thomas Jordan Jarvis defeated Republican nominee Ralph P. Buxton with 51.32% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026699-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Northumberland colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Northumberland on 30 April 1880 because Thomas Hungerford resigned attend to personal business matters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026700-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Open Championship\nThe 1880 Open Championship was the 20th Open Championship, held 9 April at Musselburgh Links, Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland. Bob Ferguson won the Championship, by five strokes from runner-up Peter Paxton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026700-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Open Championship\nA number of players were absent because of the short notice given for the competition. Jamie Anderson, winner of the previous three Open Championships was amongst those that were missing. Good weather brought out many spectators. The Championship was played over four rounds of the nine-hole Musselburgh  course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026700-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Open Championship\nAndrew Kirkaldy scored a hole-in-one at the eighth hole in his second round and almost repeated the feat in his third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026700-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Open Championship\nAfter three rounds Bob Ferguson was tied for the lead with Peter Paxton with Ned Cosgrove only a shot behind. In the final round Ferguson scored 39 to Paxton's and Cosgrove's 44s to win by five strokes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026700-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Open Championship, Final leaderboard\nGenerally scores relate to first 18 holes and second 18 holes. Individual round scores mostly not recorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026701-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Oxford by-election\nThe 1880 Oxford by-election was held in May 1880 due to the incumbent Liberal MP William Vernon Harcourt becoming Home Secretary and seeking re-election to Parliament. Harcourt was defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026701-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Oxford by-election, Background\nHarcourt had been one of the two MPs for Oxford since 1868 and had developed a reputation as a skilled debater but without tact. In the 1880 general election he had narrowly beaten his Conservative fellow MP, Alexander William Hall. Harcourt's campaign, particularly his acceptance speech, were regarded as insulting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026701-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Oxford by-election, Campaign\nThe Liberals formed a government and Harcourt was invited to be Home Secretary which meant that he would have to resign his seat and seek re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026701-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Oxford by-election, Campaign\nHall fought a vigorous campaign getting endorsements from A. E. Housman and the Prime Minister's son, Sir Robert Peel. Harcourt accused Hall of being a pawn to the brewing lobby. The rhetoric of the campaign meant that the atmosphere was highly charged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026701-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Oxford by-election, Result\nIn a closely fought election he lost to Harcourt. Harcourt lost by 2,681 votes to Hall's 2,730.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026701-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 Oxford by-election, Aftermath\nHarcourt found another seat when Samuel Plimsoll immediately resigned and Harcourt was unopposed in the subsequent by-election for Derby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026701-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 Oxford by-election, Aftermath\nThere were irregularities in the conduct of the election and the election was deemed void. Hall was unseated and the seat was left vacant until 1885. In 1885 Hall won the seat again and held it until 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026702-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Paddington colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Paddington on 20 February 1880 because John Sutherland resigned when his company accepted a government contract to re-roll railway rails.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026703-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1880 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1880 college football season. They finished with a 2\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026704-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Philadelphia Crescent Athletic Club football team\nThe 1880 Philadelphia Crescent Athletic Club football team represented Philadelphia Crescent Athletic Club in the 1880 college football season. The Athletic Club played at least two games in the season, results for the first have not been found, the second was a 0\u20135 loss against Penn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026705-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1880 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1880 college football season. The team finished with a 4\u20130\u20131 record and was retroactively named co-national champion by the National Championship Foundation and Parke H. Davis. This season was Princeton's tenth national championship and one of 11 in a 13-year period between 1869 and 1881. The captain of the team was Francis Loney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026705-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Princeton Tigers football team\nOn November 13 at the Polo Grounds in New York City, Princeton defeated Harvard with between 3,000 and 4,000 in attendance. Princeton scored two goals and held Harvard to one goal. Princeton also had five touchdowns for safety to two for Harvard. The Sun of New York reported that the game, played under the new 1880 rules of the Intercollegiate Football Association, was football in name only, but \"in reality a series of wrestling encounters for possession of a large leather globe.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026705-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton ended the season as it did in 1879, with a 0\u20130 tie against Yale at a neutral site near New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026706-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Prohibition National Convention\nThe 1880 Prohibition National Convention was a presidential nominating convention held at Halle's Hall, in Cleveland, Ohio on June 17, 1880, to select the Prohibition Party's presidential ticket for the 1880 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026706-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Prohibition National Convention, Presidential nomination\nOn June 17, 1880, the national convention was called to open and was attended by 142 delegates. Reverend Alonzo Ames Miner was selected to serve as the president of the convention. Neal Dow, the former mayor of Portland, Maine, and Henry Adams Thompson were nominated for the presidential and vice presidential nominations by James Black, hoping that other national figures would seek the party's nomination, and were approved by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026706-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Prohibition National Convention, Platform\nAlthough the platforms of the 1872 and 1876 included support and opposition to multiple issues, the platform drafted and accepted at the 1880 national convention only included support for issues relating to the prohibition of alcohol and women's suffrage due to the narrow guager faction, which supported a single issue prohibitionist platform, writing it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026707-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Providence Grays season\nThe Providence Grays finished the 1880 season in second place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026707-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026707-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026707-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026707-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026708-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Rangitikei by-election\nThe 1880 Rangitikei by-election was a by-election held during the 7th New Zealand Parliament in the Rangitikei electorate of the North Island. This was the fourth by-election since the Rangitikei electorate was established for the 1861 election. The previous by-election took place in 1875 and the following one took place in 1892. Sir William Fox, Premier of New Zealand on four occasions, was elected to Parliament for his sixth and final time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026708-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Rangitikei by-election, Background\nDespite William Jarvis Willis' election to Parliament only one year earlier in the 1879 election, he resigned on 5 April 1880 due to poor health. A by-election was called for 8 May 1880 with former Premier of New Zealand William Fox, Marton politician Henry Lyon and Donald Fraser of Lower Rangitikei being the three candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026708-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Rangitikei by-election, Results\nFox was elected to Parliament for a sixth and final term, serving as MP for Rangitikei until the 1881 general election. He was elected by a majority of 110 votes, or 25.88%, over runner-up Fraser.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026708-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Rangitikei by-election, Results\nSome electors in Turakina were unable to vote as the local polling station opened at 9:40\u00a0a.m. instead of the legally-mandated 9 a.m., leaving some electors with no opportunity to vote as they had to go back to their daily routines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention\nThe 1880 Republican National Convention convened from June 2 to June 8, 1880, at the Interstate Exposition Building in Chicago, Illinois, United States, and nominated Representative James A. Garfield of Ohio and Chester A. Arthur of New York as the official candidates of the Republican Party for president and vice president, respectively, in the 1880 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention\nOf the 14 men in contention for the Republican nomination, the three strongest candidates leading up to the convention were Ulysses S. Grant, James G. Blaine, and John Sherman. Grant had served two terms as President from 1869 to 1877, and was seeking an unprecedented third term in office. He was backed by the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party, which supported political machines and patronage. Blaine was a senator and former representative from Maine who was backed by the Half-Breed faction of the Republican Party. Sherman, the brother of Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman, was serving as Secretary of the Treasury under President Rutherford B. Hayes. A former senator from Ohio, he was backed by delegates who did not support the Stalwarts or Half-Breeds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 814]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention\nOn the first ballot, Sherman received 93 votes, while Grant and Blaine had 304 and 285, respectively. With 379 votes required to win the nomination, none of the candidates was close to victory, and the balloting continued. After the thirty-fifth ballot, Blaine and Sherman switched their support to a new \"dark horse\" candidate, James Garfield. On the next ballot, Garfield won the nomination by receiving 399 votes, 93 higher than Grant's total. Garfield's Ohio delegation chose Chester A. Arthur, a Stalwart, as Garfield's vice-presidential running mate. Arthur won the nomination by capturing 468 votes, and the longest-ever Republican National Convention was subsequently adjourned. The Garfield\u2013Arthur Republican ticket later defeated Democrats Winfield Scott Hancock and William Hayden English in the close 1880 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 876]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background\nAs President of the United States, Rutherford B. Hayes had caused heated tensions within the Republican Party. Hayes had moved away from party patronage by offering government jobs to Southern Democrats instead of Northern Republicans. His actions drew heavy criticism from those inside his party, such as Roscoe Conkling of New York and James G. Blaine of Maine. Hayes had known since the dispute over the 1876 election that he was unlikely to win in 1880, and had announced at his 1877 inauguration that he would not run for a second term. Without an incumbent president in the race, the rival factions within the Republican Party, the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds, eagerly anticipated the 1880 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, Ulysses S. Grant\nAt the close of Grant's two terms as president in 1877, the Republican-controlled Congress suggested that Grant not return to the White House for a third term. Grant did not seem to mind and even told his wife Julia, \"I do not want to be here [in the White House] another four years. I do not think I could stand it.\" After Grant left the White House, he and his wife decided to use their US$85,000 of savings to travel around the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0004-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, Ulysses S. Grant\nA biographer from the New York Herald, John Russell Young, traveled with the Grants and documented their journey to exotic places around the world in a book later published called Around the World with General Grant. Young saw that Grant's popularity was soaring, as he was treated with splendid receptions at his arrival in Tokyo and Peking, China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, Ulysses S. Grant\nAfter Hayes' falling-out with the Republican Party and a perceived desire on the part of the United States' electorate for a strong man in the White House, Grant returned to the United States ahead of schedule, in hopes of seeking a third term in office. With the backing of the Stalwarts and calls for a \"man of iron\" to replace the \"man of straw\" in the White House, Grant was confident that he would receive the Republican nomination for the presidency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0005-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, Ulysses S. Grant\nRoscoe Conkling, the leader of the Stalwart faction, formed a \"triumvirate\" with J. Donald Cameron of Pennsylvania and John A. Logan of Illinois to lead the campaign for Grant's return to the White House. With a Grant victory, Conkling and other Stalwarts would have great influence in the White House. Grant knew he could count on the Stalwart leaders to solidify their respective states in order to guarantee a Grant victory. Conkling was so confident in Grant's nomination that he said, \"Nothing but an act of God could prevent Grant's nomination.\" An aide to the ex-president, Adam Badeau, commented that Grant had become \"extremely anxious to receive the nomination\" and did not think that there was any chance of failure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, Ulysses S. Grant\nHowever, close friends of Grant saw that his public support was slipping. John Russell Young took Grant aside and told him that he would lose the election, and should withdraw to avoid embarrassment. Young argued that Grant was being heavily attacked by opponents, who were against the concept of a presidential third term. Young also criticized the handling of the campaign and told Grant that if he won the election, he would be indebted to the \"triumvirate\". Grant felt that his Stalwart friends had been of great assistance in his election bid, and they deserved political patronage in his administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0006-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, Ulysses S. Grant\nGrant, nonetheless, listened to Young's advice and wrote a letter to J. Donald Cameron, authorizing his name to be withdrawn from the nomination contest after consultation with his other Stalwart backers. Upon hearing of his letter, Julia Grant was insistent that her husband should not withdraw his name from the contest. She said, \"If General Grant were not nominated, then let it be so, but he must not withdraw his name \u2013 no, never.\" Young delivered the letter to the \"triumvirate\" in Chicago on May 31, but no action was taken to remove Grant's name.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0007-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, James G. Blaine\nThe other main contender for the Republican nomination was James G. Blaine. Blaine, a senator from Maine who had also served in the United States House of Representatives, including holding the Speaker of the House position from 1869 to 1875, was in the competition to prevent Grant's nomination. Four years earlier Blaine had campaigned for the party's nomination; in the weeks prior to the 1876 convention, he was accused of committing fraudulent activities involving railroad stocks. The specifics of Blaine's involvement were detailed in the Mulligan letters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0007-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, James G. Blaine\nBlaine pleaded his own defense on the floor of the House of Representatives, and he read aloud selected, edited portions of the letters that were not incriminating. Despite his attempt to clear his name, Blaine was tarnished by the scandal throughout the rest of his political career. On the Sunday before balloting was to begin in Cincinnati, Ohio, Blaine collapsed at the steps of Washington Congregational Church. He was unconscious for two days, and as a result, he lost supporters who were doubtful over his health and whether he was capable of handling the presidency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0007-0002", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, James G. Blaine\nBlaine was also ridiculed by opponents, who accused him of faking illness to gain sympathy; the New York Sun headlined \"Blaine Feigns a Faint\". On the first ballot of the 1876 convention, Blaine received 285 votes, while his political enemy, Roscoe Conkling, was in second place with only 99 votes. Blaine and Conkling had a long-standing political feud that started at a debate on the floor of the House of Representatives in 1866. After six more ballots resulted in no consensus, Conkling switched his support to Rutherford B. Hayes, who ultimately beat Blaine for the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0008-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, James G. Blaine\nAfter Blaine's failure in 1876, his supporters believed that he needed to be nominated at the 1880 convention in Chicago if he was ever going to be President, reasoning that if he tried for the nomination twice and failed, he could not count on another opportunity. As his campaign manager, William E. Chandler, put it:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0009-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, James G. Blaine\nHe must be nominated at Chicago in June, or else forever give up any idea of gaining the Chief Magistry of the nation... I think he owes it to himself and to his friends all over the country who are ready to sacrifice everything for his success to do all that is in his power to win at Chicago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0010-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, James G. Blaine\nDespite the Mulligan letters scandal, Blaine had succeeded remarkably in his 1880 campaign, attracting nationwide support for his candidacy. He argued for the gold standard, support for big business, a tariff to protect American jobholders, civil rights for freed blacks and Irish independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0011-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, John Sherman\nJohn Sherman was a longtime senator from Ohio who also served the state in the House of Representatives in the late 1850s and early 1860s. As a senator, Sherman led the planning of the national banking system. He also oversaw the national policy for the post-Civil War banking system, and helped restore the nation's finances after the Panic of 1873. Under President Hayes, Sherman served as the Secretary of the Treasury, advocating for the gold standard and building up the country's gold reserves. Sherman's colleagues did not have much confidence in their presidential bid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0011-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, John Sherman\nSherman was known as the \"Ohio Icicle\" for his uncharismatic personality, which made him unappealing to voters. His colleagues commented that in public, Sherman \"was not eloquent, though a graceful speaker, confining himself almost entirely to statements of fact.\" In private, he was \"reserved, self-contained,\" a personality that many Americans were not comfortable with. As President, Sherman intended to continue his support for the gold standard. Prior to the start of the convention, papers had predicted Sherman to receive 110 votes in the balloting. Sherman felt that he still had a chance at the nomination once the Grant vote broke apart after five or six ballots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0012-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, James Garfield\nJames Garfield came into Chicago as a Senator-elect from Ohio, who had represented the state in the United States House since 1863. In 1859, as a Republican, Garfield was elected to the Ohio Senate. The following year, he was admitted to the Ohio bar. He served as state senator until 1861, when he enlisted in the Union Army at the start of the Civil War. Garfield was assigned to command the 42nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and had the task of driving Confederate forces out of eastern Kentucky. Garfield later led an attack with a number of infantry regiments against a Confederate cavalry at Jenny's Creek on January 6, 1862. The Confederates retreated, and for leading his men to victory, Garfield was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in March 1862.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 63], "content_span": [64, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0013-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, James Garfield\nGarfield later served under Major General Don Carlos Buell at the Battle of Shiloh and under Thomas J. Wood at the siege of Corinth. Garfield's health deteriorated and he was sent to serve on a commission to investigate the conduct of Union general Fitz John Porter. In the spring of 1863, Garfield returned to the field as chief of staff for William S. Rosecrans, commander of the Army of the Cumberland. After the disastrous Chickamauga campaign in September 1863, Rosecrans was relieved of his command.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 63], "content_span": [64, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0013-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, James Garfield\nGarfield saved his own reputation by fighting bravely during the battles, and he was subsequently promoted to the rank of major general. Garfield's fame spread, and William Dennison engineered Garfield's 1863 election to Congress. As Whitelaw Reid commented, Garfield was \"the most able and prominent of the young politicians who entered the army at the outbreak of the war.\" Garfield did not want to leave the army, so he personally visited President Abraham Lincoln for advice on the matter. Lincoln told Garfield that he had more generals than he could handle, and what he needed was political support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 63], "content_span": [64, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0014-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, James Garfield\nGarfield succeeded in gaining re-election for his House seat every two years. In 1872, Garfield faced charges for receiving $329 in tainted money from the Cr\u00e9dit Mobilier of America corruption scandal. Garfield repeatedly denied the charges and even hired William E. Chandler to defend him in front of the congressional investigators. There was not much evidence against Garfield, so his political career was not significantly affected. Four years later, when James G. Blaine moved from the House to the United States Senate, Garfield became the Republican floor leader of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 63], "content_span": [64, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0014-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Background, James Garfield\nThat year, Garfield served as a member of the Electoral Commission that awarded 20 hotly contested electoral votes to Rutherford B. Hayes in his contest for the Presidency against Samuel J. Tilden. Prior to the 1880 Republican National Convention, Garfield had expressed that he was a Blaine supporter. It was not until John Sherman entered the race that Garfield switched sides, and offered his support for the \"Ohio Icicle\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 63], "content_span": [64, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0015-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Pre-convention politics\nIn January, caucuses were held in local districts to pick delegates to state conventions. The state conventions would then select a number of these delegates to represent the state at the national convention. Prior to the convention, there was a great deal of machine politics conducted by the candidates. John Sherman utilized Treasury Department employees who owed their jobs to him to meet up at local caucuses across the South to guarantee loyal state delegations. State-level bosses, like Roscoe Conkling, used the state conventions to pick delegates that were politically allied to a particular candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0015-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Pre-convention politics\nIn the state delegate-selection convention at Utica, New York, Grant's supporters carried only a 217\u2013180 majority over Blaine supporters, but Conkling passed a resolution declaring that, \"the Republicans of New York believe the re-election of Ulysses S. Grant as Presidential candidate of urgent importance, and the delegates this day assembled are called upon and instructed to use their earnest and united efforts to secure his nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0016-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Pre-convention politics\nConkling commanded delegates to follow the resolution, and if they were to violate it, he guaranteed they would be victims of political revenge and personal dishonor. However, in Chicago, there were a number of New York delegates who went against the resolution and publicly expressed their support for Blaine. J. Donald Cameron used similar tactics to intimidate dissenters in the Pennsylvania state convention. The third member of the \"triumvirate\", John A. Logan, literally locked out Blaine supporters from the Illinois state convention, and replaced them with personally chosen Grant supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0017-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Pre-convention politics\nBy May 29, four days before the opening of the convention, trainloads upon trainloads of delegates, lobbyists, reporters, and campaign followers had arrived at the Union and Dearborn railway stations in Chicago. Candidate supporters channeled through the Chicago streets with daily parades and rallies. Pre -convention possible outcomes of the voting were published by a number of sources. One, from the Albany Evening Journal, predicted Blaine with 277 votes, Grant with 317, Sherman with 106, and 49 for the other candidates. All of these predicted candidate vote totals were short of the 379 needed to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0017-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Pre-convention politics\nMany in Chicago knew that a victor, most probably Grant, would only be determined if the unit rule, which postulated that all delegates from a particular state must vote for the candidate preferred by that state's delegation, was to be in effect. If that was not the case, then a long deadlock would result until one side succumbed to the other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0018-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Pre-convention politics\nBefore any voting began, the delegates had to vote on the important matter of the unit rule. Prior to the start of the convention, James Garfield noted, \"I regard it [the unit rule] as being more important than even the choice of a candidate.\" If the rule was supported by a majority of the delegates, then state party bosses, like the members of the \"triumvirate\", would be able to solidify Grant's nomination bid. If Conkling and the other Stalwart bosses had their way, the nearly sixty dissenters from the states represented by the \"triumvirate\" would be silenced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0018-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Pre-convention politics\nUnfortunately for Half-Breeds, J. Donald Cameron was chairman of the Republican National Committee. Cameron planned to exercise his power to adopt new rules for the convention, and also suppress any dissenters of the unit rule. His plan was leaked, and within days, almost all the delegates in Chicago knew about it. Supporters of the Sherman and Blaine campaigns knew that they had to prevent Cameron from exercising his power. Blaine's forces agreed that they could only prevent Cameron from imposing the unit rule by removing him as the chair of the Republican National Committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0019-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Pre-convention politics\nAt 7:00 P.M. on May 31, J. Donald Cameron convened the Republican National Committee's last meeting before the opening of the convention. Of the forty-six men at the meeting, Cameron counted only sixteen allies. The rest of the men were anti-Grant delegates who had decided to gang up on Cameron. Colorado senator Jerome B. Chaffee was the first to bring up the unit rule at the meeting. Chaffee handed Cameron a handwritten motion that was orchestrated by William E. Chandler. Cameron expected this, and knew he had to find some fault in Chaffee's motion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0019-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Pre-convention politics\nCameron called Chaffee's motion out of order. Upon being questioned by Chaffee, Cameron explained that the committee could only appoint a temporary chairman to the convention, and could not vote on the unit rule issue (which he said belonged to the Rules Committee). Cameron then used George Congdon Gorham, a California Stalwart delegate who as secretary of the United States Senate had become an expert on parliamentary procedure, to justify his ruling. One by one, anti-Grant delegates unsuccessfully tried to appeal Cameron's motion. Gorham proclaimed that as committee chairman, Cameron could do \"as he saw fit.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0019-0002", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Pre-convention politics\nMarshall Jewell, a Connecticut delegate and national committee member who had served in Grant's administration as Postmaster General, spoke up against Cameron's rulings. Cameron did not comment, and then called for a brief recess. After the recess, he acknowledged a motion from William E. Chandler to elect George Frisbie Hoar, a neutral senator and delegate from Massachusetts, as the convention's temporary chairman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0020-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Pre-convention politics\nThe committee voted 29\u201317 in favor of electing Hoar as temporary chairman of the convention. At midnight, the committee was adjourned, and the members agreed to continue the meeting the following morning. News of Cameron's behavior had spread throughout town overnight. His hardliner strategy had failed, and Conkling and other Grant managers sought to control the situation before it became any worse. The next morning, Conkling asked his trusted colleague, Chester A. Arthur, to solve the problem. Arthur assessed the situation and drew up a compromise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0020-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Pre-convention politics\nHe met Chandler and the rest of the anti-Grant cabal at the entrance of the committee's suite. Arthur acknowledged that the Grant men had rejected Senator Hoar as the temporary convention chairman the day before, but said that the Grant men might perhaps reconsider. He proposed that the delegates decide on the unit rule in a free vote, and in return, Don Cameron would be restored as the chairman of the national committee. After discussing for a number of minutes, the two men came to an agreement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0020-0002", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Pre-convention politics\nArthur was confident that since Chandler, the leader of Blaine's campaign, had accepted the deal, then \"it would be agreed by the Grant men.\" Chandler then discussed the compromise deal with the thirty anti-Grant committee members, and also James Garfield, who had previously expressed his opposition to the unit rule. 23 out of 30 anti-Grant men agreed to the terms, and Garfield commented that the proposition \"must be accepted\" in \"spirit of reconciliation.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0021-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Pre-convention politics\nThe committee reconvened again on the afternoon of June 1, with J. Donald Cameron sitting as the committee chairman. Arthur made a number of motions, indicating that the Grant men from New York and Pennsylvania would support Senator Hoar's appointment as the temporary chairman of the convention. No one objected and the motions were accepted. The meeting was then adjourned. A reporter from the New York Tribune later remarked that the Grant followers had been \"saved from utter ruin by the excellent management of General Arthur....\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0022-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention\nAt noon on Wednesday, June 2, J. Donald Cameron banged his gavel to commence the beginning of the seventh Republican National Convention. As instructed, Cameron placed the nomination for Senator Hoar as the temporary convention chairman. The nomination was passed unanimously. Later, delegates John H. Roberts of Illinois and Christopher L. Magee of Pennsylvania were made temporary convention secretaries. Senator Eugene Hale of Maine submitted a resolution for a roll call, in which the chairman of each delegation would announce the people from their delegation serving on the convention's three committees. The committees were formed, and the convention was adjourned at five minutes past three in the afternoon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0023-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention\nThe convention reconvened at 11:00 A.M. on June 3. Roscoe Conkling submitted a motion for a recess, but the motion was rejected. Another New York delegate, Henry R. Pierson from the Committee on Permanent Organization, submitted a proposal to make the temporary convention assignments permanent. The motion was adopted, and the convention took a four-hour recess until 5:00 P.M. After the recess, a motion was made for the Committee on Rules to be directed to report, but a substitute motion from George H. Sharpe of New York called for the Committee on Credentials to report. The substitute motion was rejected by a vote of 406 to 318, and the original resolution was laid on the table. At 7:30 P.M., the convention was adjourned until 10:00 A.M. the following morning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 822]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0024-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention\nThe next morning, Conkling then submitted a resolution that bound every delegate in the hall to support the party's nominee. Conkling said that \"no man should hold his seat here who is not ready so to agree.\" A voice vote was called, and the resolution received nearly unanimous delegate support. However, about a dozen or so delegates answered \"no\". Conkling was shocked. He asked, \"[who] at a Republican convention would vote 'no' on such a resolution?\" He then demanded a roll call to identify the dissenters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0024-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention\nMost of the dissenters chose not to declare their disagreement in front of the thousands of spectators at the \"Glass Palace\". Only three delegates, all from West Virginia, voted \"no\" to the resolution, and were showered with a \"storm of hisses.\" Conkling then issued another resolution to strip the three West Virginians of their votes and squash their voices at the convention. The West Virginians revolted against Conkling's resolution, and heavily criticized him for his motion. James Garfield, who was sitting at the Ohio delegation, stood up and tried to settle the matter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0024-0002", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention\nHe stated that the convention would be making a big mistake if they approved Conkling's motion, and he asked the delegates for their time in order to state his case. Garfield argued that the three West Virginians should not \"be disenfranchised because they thought it was not the time to make such an expression [about a candidate].\" He stated that \"there never can be a convention...that shall bind my vote against my will on any question whatever.\" Garfield had won the crowd over with his speech. Conkling did not particularly enjoy the situation. He scribbled a note to Garfield which read, \"New York requests that Ohio's real candidate and dark horse come forward...R.C.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0025-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention\nAfterwards, the fight over credentials erupted into a free-for-all. After John A. Logan had barred anti-Grant delegates from the state convention earlier in the year, they had decided to file credential reports. At the meeting between Arthur and Chandler, both men had agreed that the credentials issue could be discussed at the convention. A Chicago lawyer who supported Grant, Emery Storrs interrupted the legal argument over credentials by mocking the Blaine campaigners. His remarks set off a barrage of comments from both the Blaine and Grant sides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0025-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention\nThe convention went out of control, as people started shouting and jumping throughout the convention hall. As Garfield commented, the convention \"seemed [as if] it could not be in America, but in the Sections of Paris in the ecstasy of the Revolution.\" The fracas continued until 2:00 A.M. when acting chairman Green B. Raum, the United States Commissioner of Internal Revenue, banged the gavel to end the demonstration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0026-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Presenting the nominees\nOn Saturday night, the alphabetical roll call of the states to present nominees was conducted. The first candidate for the Republican nomination emerged when the Michigan delegation was in roll call. James F. Joy, the seventy-year-old president of the Michigan Central Railroad, gave the speech nominating Blaine. Joy was not a practiced public speaker, and he stumbled and rushed through his nomination speech, \"because we are all now impatient for the voting.\" Joy ended his speech by nominating \"James S. Blaine\" for the Republican ticket. Promptly, a number of delegates yelled back, \"G! G. Blaine, you fool!\" The delegates from the next state in the roll call, Minnesota, nominated Senator William Windom as their \"favorite son\" candidate. Nine states later, Roscoe Conkling of New York stepped up to the podium to present his nomination for Ulysses S. Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 941]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0027-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Presenting the nominees\nThe crowd of 15,000 responded by erupting in cheers. Conkling built up the crowd's energy with his speech, and then introduced his candidate by proclaiming, \"New York is for Ulysses S. Grant. Never defeated\u2013never defeated in peace or in war, his name is the most illustrious borne by living men.\" He later spoke of Grant's loyalty to the American people, and then scolded Grant's enemies who had brought up the third term issue. Conkling tried to show that Grant was an honest person who had won the delegates \"without patronage and without emissaries, without committees, [and ] without bureaus....\" After Conkling finished his speech, boos and hisses came from Blaine and Sherman backers, while applause was heard from Stalwart supporters of Grant. After North Carolina's roll call, the Ohio delegation brought out James Garfield to give the nomination speech for John Sherman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 956]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0028-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Presenting the nominees\nGarfield had not actually written a speech, and was nervous about speaking in front of such a large crowd. Before heading to Chicago, Sherman told Garfield that Garfield's speech should stress Sherman's \"courageous persistence in any course he had adopted.\" Garfield started his speech by emphasizing his overwhelming pride for his role in the convention. Garfield then listed the qualities that a president should possess and stressed the importance of party unity. It wasn't until near his conclusion that he mentioned Sherman by name. Many reports of Garfield's speech describe it as enthusiastic, eloquent, and well received. Some accounts indicate that it was so well-received that it caused delegates to begin thinking of Garfield as a contender for the presidential nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 861]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0029-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Presenting the nominees\nOn the other hand, some members of the Sherman campaign were disappointed by Garfield's speech. One telegram from a Sherman backer sent to Sherman himself claimed that, \"[Garfield] has been of no service to you...he was extremely lukewarm in his support.\" Rumors began to spread that Ohio Governor Charles Foster and Garfield, who were in adjoining suites at the Grand Pacific Hotel, were \"conspiring to bring Garfield out as [a] candidate....\" News of the finger-pointing within the Sherman camp had carried into newspapers across the country. The Albany Evening Journal reported that \"[t]here is a general belief that the Ohio delegation is ready to desert Sherman and go over to Blaine in a body.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0030-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Presenting the nominees\nAlthough he had become popular with the delegates after his speech, Garfield was upset over the accusations of those inside the Sherman group, and he worried how they would affect him in the future. His close colleagues felt he was becoming too popular, too quickly. Friends, like Lorenzo Coffin, felt that his \"time is not yet.\" Garfield heeded the advice of his friends to lower his profile at the convention, but he had already made a deep impression on the delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0030-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Presenting the nominees\nLate Sunday night on June 6, Indiana senator Benjamin Harrison, grandson of former President William Henry Harrison, came to Garfield's hotel suite and asked him under what conditions he would accept the nomination. Garfield replied that he had come to the convention for the sole purpose of supporting John Sherman, and told Harrison that Garfield's \"name must not be used [in the nomination].\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0031-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nAt ten o'clock on Monday morning, convention chairman Hoar banged his gavel to open the convention. Eugene Hale moved to immediately proceed to the presidential nominee balloting, and Roscoe Conkling seconded the motion. Newspapers had predicted the results of the balloting, and the delegates knew that it would take a number of ballots before a victor could be found. The first surprise during the balloting roll call came when John A. Logan of Illinois announced that of his state's forty-two delegates, only twenty-four were in support of Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0031-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nThis was not as \"solid\" as Logan had previously advertised to the rest of the Grant backers. New York faced a similar situation. Of its seventy delegates, fifty-one supported Grant, seventeen were for Blaine, and the remaining two supported Sherman. Pennsylvania fared even worse, as only thirty-two of the state's fifty-eight delegates put in their support for Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0032-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nAfter all the states were polled, the results were tabulated. Grant received 304 votes, Blaine had 284, Sherman had 93, Vermont senator George F. Edmunds received 34, Elihu B. Washburne, who had served as the United States Ambassador to France under President Grant, had 30, and Minnesota senator William Windom received 10. Of the states represented by the \"triumvirate\", sixty delegates did not support Grant. None of the candidates were close to the 379 needed to secure the nomination, so the balloting continued throughout the day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0033-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nIn Washington, D.C., both Blaine and Sherman were disappointed by their first-ballot vote totals. Blaine had been told that he should expect around 300 first-ballot votes, but his actual total fell sixteen short, and it was also one vote fewer than the total he received on the first ballot at the 1876 Convention. Sherman was told to expect 110 votes, which was significantly lower than the expected totals for Blaine and Grant. However, Sherman felt his chance would come later, when the Grant vote split apart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0033-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nAfter Sherman heard his first-ballot vote totals, he grew visibly angry that \"some of them [the votes] were taken away from him before the ballot began.\" He was upset that nine Ohio delegates bolted from Sherman and voted instead for his opponent, James G. Blaine. Sherman blamed Blaine for causing the delegates to bolt from Ohio \"by [methods of] falsehood, ridicule and treachery.\" In Galena, Illinois, Grant did not express any emotions after being told about the first-ballot vote totals. As one newsman reported, \"[t]he silent soldier was smoking his cigar with all his usual serenity.\" Grant's wife, Julia, expected a deadlock, and suggested to her husband that he surprise the delegates in Chicago with a visit. Grant thought this was unwise because it gave an appearance of bad luck and bad manners. Despite his wife's attempts to change his mind, Grant remained adamant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 942]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0034-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nMeanwhile, the delegates at the convention continued to cast ballots until a victor could be determined. On the second ballot of the day, a Pennsylvania delegate named W. A. Grier cast a vote for James Garfield. However, the Garfield support remained with that one delegate's vote for most of the day. The delegates cast eighteen ballots before taking a recess for dinner. After dinner, they came back and cast ten more ballots. Still, no candidate was close to the 379 votes needed to win. After twelve hours of balloting, Massachusetts delegate William Lovering moved to adjourn for the night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0034-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nA few Grant delegates objected, but the motion to adjourn was passed by a vote of 446 to 308. After twenty-eight ballots, Grant had 307 votes, Blaine had 279 and Sherman had 91, and the rest of the votes were split between favorite son candidates like William Windom and George F. Edmunds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0035-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nSuggestions for introducing a \"dark horse\" candidate began to take place. Members backing each candidate were equally determined to win the nomination, but some felt that the deadlock could not be broken if new candidates were not introduced into the balloting. Backers for Sherman and Blaine met after the convention was adjourned. Chandler laid down his terms. Blaine had nearly 300 votes, and could not simply withdraw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0035-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nAs Chandler explained, even \"[i]f Mr. Blaine permits his column to be broken, [then] Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Nevada, California, Oregon & twelve votes in the Territories will go to Grant...[as would] Mr. Blaine's Southern votes.\" Both sides argued until two or three in the morning, but no decision had been reached. Grant leaders had also met that night in Roscoe Conkling's suite in the Grand Pacific Hotel. They discussed the imposing dangers of Grant's nomination bid, such as the third-term resistors. Many speculated that Grant was not going to receive the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0035-0002", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nThe Grant backers discussed the other two chief candidates, and found them both to be unacceptable. Some of the men called for Conkling himself as a substitute for Grant. They argued that with Grant out of the race, Conkling would face little resistance for the Republican nomination. However, Conkling refused to accept the idea of being nominated for president. He said \"[even] if I were to receive every other vote in the Convention, my own would still be lacking, and that I would not give. I am here as the agent of New York to support General Grant to the end. Any man who would forsake him under such conditions does not deserve to be elected, and could not be elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0036-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nThe first ballot on Tuesday morning, June 8, saw two major breaks in the voting. Massachusetts switched their twenty-one votes from Senator George Edmunds to John Sherman, spiking his total to 116, the highest thus far. William Chandler also convinced three Minnesota delegates to switch their support from their \"favorite son\" candidate, William Windom, to James G. Blaine. By the thirty-second ballot, Blaine had dropped six votes from the night before, and Grant had increased his total to 309. Despite the relatively small changes in votes totals Roscoe Conkling confidently claimed that the \"[m]embers of the N.Y.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0036-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nDelegation assert that Grant will be nominated before one o'clock.\" On the thirty-third ballot, nine Wisconsin delegates shifted their support from Grant to Elihu Washburne. On the next ballot, sixteen of twenty Wisconsin delegates changed their vote to James Garfield. Garfield immediately called to chairman Hoar to raise a question of order. Garfield \"challenge[d] the correctness of the announcement\", claiming that without his consent, he should not be receiving votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0036-0002", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nHoar dismissed Garfield's question, claiming later that he denied Garfield because he did not want to see a presidency be undone by a simple point of order, meaning he did not want Garfield to stop the momentum for his own candidacy. At this point the vote totals for the major candidates stood at 312 for Grant, 275 for Blaine, 107 for Sherman, and 17 for Garfield. Then, during the thirty-fifth ballot roll call, Indiana shifted all 27 of its votes (mostly the Blaine column) to Garfield. Four Maryland delegates and one delegate each from Mississippi and North Carolina also switched their votes to Garfield, bringing his total to 50.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0037-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nBlaine, seeing that his chances for winning the nomination were slipping, came to the conclusion that James Garfield was the most suitable alternative nominee to himself. Garfield was a close friend, and Blaine felt that by supporting Garfield, he could defeat Grant and Conkling and possibly receive an appointment in Garfield's administration. Similarly, Sherman, acting upon advice from his colleagues, decided to shift all his support to Garfield, to \"save the Republican Party.\" Both candidates told their supporters to support Garfield's nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0038-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nWith the Blaine and Sherman forces now rallying to Garfield, the move toward the Ohio congressman became a stampede on the next ballot, the convention's thirty-sixth. Garfield won 399 votes, 93 more than Grant, putting him over the top and giving him the Republican nomination. Blaine finished with 42, Washburne had 5, John Sherman had 3, and the remaining were split amongst other minor candidates. Garfield was so overwhelmed with emotion after winning the nomination that an Inter Ocean reporter noted that he looked \"pale as death, and seemed to be half-unconsciously to receive the congratulations of his friends.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0038-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nThe convention was in a mad frenzy as thousands of people chanted for Garfield, and later joined in the singing of the Battle Cry of Freedom. The Grant followers, like Roscoe Conkling, looked on with \"glum faces\" and made \"no effort to conceal their disappointment.\" Conkling took great pride in the 306 delegates who had supported Grant throughout the entire balloting. With the Grant supporters, Conkling formed a \"Three Hundred and Six Guard\" society. The society held annual dinners, and even drew up a commemorative coin with the inscription, \"The Old Guard\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0039-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nAfterwards, chairman Hoar banged his gavel and announced, \"James A. Garfield, of Ohio, is nominated for President of the United States.\" Garfield wrote a letter to his wife stating that \"if the results meet your approval, I shall be content [with the nomination].\" Garfield's wife, Lucretia, was thrilled with her husband's nomination and gave her approval. (Garfield subsequently resigned the Senate seat to which he had been elected for the term beginning in 1881, and the Ohio Legislature then elected Sherman.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0040-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nGarfield and the Ohio delegation desired a New York Stalwart as Garfield's vice presidential running mate, partly to placate Conkling, and partly to balance the ticket geographically. Levi P. Morton declined after consulting with Conkling, who was still unhappy over Grant's loss and advised Morton not to accept. The nomination was then offered (surreptitiously, and without consulting Garfield) to Chester A. Arthur, who had close Stalwart ties to Conkling, but who had impressed delegates with his work to broker the compromise on the selection of a convention chairman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0040-0001", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, The convention, Balloting\nConkling tried to talk Arthur out of accepting, urging him to \"drop it as you would a red hot shoe from the forge,\" but Arthur insisted that he would, calling the Vice Presidency \"a greater honor than I ever dreamed of attaining.\" Arthur won the nomination after he received 468 votes, next to the 193 for Elihu Washburne, and 44 for the third major candidate, Marshall Jewell. Former Governor Edmund J. Davis of Texas and several others were also nominated, but received little support. After convention chairman Hoar banged his gavel at 7:25 P.M. on June 8, the longest ever Republican National Convention was adjourned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0041-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Aftermath\nGarfield led the first front porch campaign for the Presidency. He did not travel that much, and he usually stayed at home to present his presidential agenda to visitors. Garfield enlisted the support of the other candidates from the convention to help with the campaign. The 1880 Democratic National Convention chose Winfield Scott Hancock as the presidential candidate and William Hayden English as his vice-presidential running mate. The election featured a very close popular vote that put Garfield ahead with a majority of less than 10,000; some sources put the margin as low as 2,000. However, Garfield won the election with 214 of the 369 electoral votes in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026709-0042-0000", "contents": "1880 Republican National Convention, Aftermath\nOn July 2, 1881, Garfield was shot by a former Chicago lawyer named Charles J. Guiteau at the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station in Washington, D.C. Guiteau was a staunch supporter of the Stalwarts, and he even gave speeches in New York to rally Grant supporters. After Garfield was elected president, Guiteau repeatedly tried to contact the president and his Secretary of State James G. Blaine in hopes of receiving the consulship in Paris. After finally being told by Blaine that he would not get the position, Guiteau decided to seek revenge on Garfield. He planned Garfield's assassination for weeks. After shooting Garfield, he proclaimed \"I am a Stalwart and Arthur will be President.\" Garfield died on September 19, more than two and a half months after the shooting. After a lengthy trial, Guiteau was sentenced to death, and he was hanged on June 30, 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 916]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026710-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 7, 1880. Republican nominee Alfred H. Littlefield defeated Democratic nominee Horace A. Kimball with 44.82% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026711-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1880 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University as an independent during the 1880 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20132 record and was outscored by opponents 12 to 6. The team had no coach, and its captain was John Morrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026712-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 SAFA season\nThe 1880 South Australian Football Association season was the 4th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026712-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 SAFA season\nThe season opened on 8 May and concluded on 18 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026712-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 SAFA season, Premiership season, Round 5\nKensington's win over Adelaide was its first since 1877, ending a winless streak of 30 matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 45], "content_span": [46, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026712-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 SAFA season, Ladder\nNote: Victorian were ranked above South Adelaide on match ratio (only match was drawn), while Port Adelaide were ranked above Kensington on head-to-head record (1-0-1), and Kensington were ranked above South Park on match ratio (both teams were 1-1 head-to-head).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026712-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 SAFA season, Intercolonial matches\nAn Association representative team toured South Australia in August, playing three intercolonial matches \u2013 two at even strength against the South Australian Football Association representative team, and one against a team of twenty-three South Australian-born players \u2013 and winning all three. J. Gibson (South Melbourne) served as captain of the Association team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 39], "content_span": [40, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026712-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 SAFA season, Additional matches\nControversy regarding a goal kicked during the Victorian and South Adelaide game meant the result was not confirmed until it was referred to the SAFA committee. The result of the game was eventually decided to not count towards the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026712-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 SAFA season, Additional matches\nThe Port Adelaide and Victorian football clubs decided to play another game against each other as their two previous matches during the season resulted in draws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026713-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1880 Scottish Cup Final was the seventh final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1879\u201380 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The match was played at Cathkin Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 21 February 1880 and was watched by a crowd of 4,000 spectators. The final was contested by three-time former champions Queen's Park and Thornliebank who had never won the cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026713-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nQueen's Park reached the final for the fourth time after winning the competition for three consecutive seasons between 1874 and 1876. Prior to the match, both Queen's Park and Vale of Leven had won the Scottish Cup three times, a record at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026713-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nNo team from Renfrewshire had reached the final before Thornliebank in 1880 \u2013 their only appearance in the final. The team's previous best run in the competition came in 1877\u201378 when they lost to Renton in the fifth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026713-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nThe match marked the first and only time Queen's Park and Thornliebank met in a competitive fixture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026714-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Serbian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Serbia on 12 December 1880. As expected, the elections resulted in a majority for the government, whose supporters won 94 seats, whilst Radicals won only 18 seats. By January 1881 the number of government supporters had risen to over 100, whilst the Radicals had split.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026714-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Serbian parliamentary election, Background\nPrince Milan signed a decree dissolving the National Assembly and calling elections on 5 November. Unlike the previous elections in which many candidates were returned unopposed, most seats were contested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026715-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1880 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Johnson Hagood was nominated by the Democrats and ran against L. W. R. Blair, a Greenback-Labor candidate. Hagood easily won the general election and became the 80th governor of South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026715-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Convention\nIn 1880, the state Democratic Party was split between the supporters of Wade Hampton and Martin Witherspoon Gary, although Hampton clearly commanded the respect and admiration of the party faithful. Therefore, to thwart a bid by Gary for the governorship, the state executive committee on March 10 announced that the state nominating convention would be held on June 1, a couple months before the anticipated date in August. Gary was viewed negatively during the spring because of his tirades against Hampton and the state Democrats hoped that an early convention would eliminate any possibility of Gary recovering his support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026715-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Convention\nAt the convention in Columbia, a motion to proceed with nominations was immediately brought to a vote and it passed by a margin of 84 to 63. Unable to stop the nominating process and with little support, Gary refused to let his name be nominated for governor so as to avoid the embarrassment of an overwhelming defeat. Johnson Hagood, a conservative Democrat, was nominated for governor by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026715-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican Convention\nThe state Republicans held their convention in early September and the sentiment of the delegates heading into the convention was to mount an all-out attempt on the state offices. Led by Thomas E. Miller and other notable black leaders, they reasoned that although they might not win, it would maintain the cohesion and organization of the state party. However, as in the previous gubernatorial election, the party leaders stressed the futility of launching a statewide campaign. Nevertheless, a special committee was created to discuss the issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026715-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican Convention\nThe committee not only reported that nominations for statewide offices should be made but also formulated a state ticket. On the ticket for governor was John Winsmith, an elderly white native South Carolinian from Spartanburg, and Thomas E. Miller for lieutenant governor. Other men of vague character made up the rest of the ticket and objections were made as to the lack of quality men on the ticket. The chairman of the committee responded that it was the best that they could do and more respectable Republicans refused to be nominated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026715-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican Convention\nRobert B. Elliott, chairman of the state Republican party, then took the floor and reiterated the same arguments against nominations that he made in 1878. He stated that nominating a statewide ticket would only serve to incite the Democrats to wage an aggressive campaign which would ruin the chances of the Republican presidential candidate in the state. Furthermore, if the Republicans simply waited in the shadows, the Democrats would eventually be wreaked by internal dissension because the primary reason for Democratic unity was Republican opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026715-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican Convention\nElliott compared the situation of the Democrats to that of the Republicans during Reconstruction, how the splintering campaigns by the Independent Republicans in 1872 and 1874 caused the eventual downfall of the regular Republicans in 1876. He pointed out the rise of agrarian dissatisfaction in the state by the organization of a Greenback party as the beginning of the breakup of the Democratic party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026715-0007-0000", "contents": "1880 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican Convention\nProponents of the state ticket wavered in their support upon hearing Elliott, and the issue was left with the executive committee of the party. With Elliott as the leader of the party, the matter was buried and no state ticket was formed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026715-0008-0000", "contents": "1880 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Greenback-Labor Convention\nDuring September, the Greenback-Labor party held their first convention in the state at Chester. There were only 45 delegates from 8 counties, but they still nominated a statewide ticket for the general election. Despite being newly formed, they fused with the Republicans only in a few isolated places and were considerably ill-equipped to take on a united and formidable Democratic party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 70], "content_span": [71, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026715-0009-0000", "contents": "1880 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held on November 2, 1880 and Johnson Hagood was elected as governor of South Carolina with nominal opposition. Turnout was slightly more than the previous gubernatorial election because there was a somewhat organized opposition candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026716-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Southwark by-election\nThe Southwark by-election of 1880 was fought on 13 February 1880. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, John Locke. It was won by the Conservative candidate Edward George Clarke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026716-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Southwark by-election\nThe 21st parliament was dissolved some weeks later and a general election was held. Beresford stood down and the seat was gained by the Liberal candidate Arthur Cohen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026717-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 State of the Union Address\nThe 1880 State of the Union Address was written by Rutherford B. Hayes, the 19th United States president. In it he said these words,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026718-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Stevens football team\nThe 1880 Stevens football team represented Stevens Institute of Technology as an independent during the 1880 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20135 record and was outscored by its opponents, 20 to 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026719-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Swiss constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in Switzerland on 31 October 1880 aiming at a complete overhaul of the constitution. The constitutional amendments were rejected by 68.2% of voters and a majority of cantons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026719-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Swiss constitutional referendum, Background\nIn order to pass, any amendments to the constitution needed a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026720-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Troy Trojans season\nThe 1880 Troy Trojans improved slightly from the previous season, finishing with a 41\u201342 record and in 4th place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026720-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Troy Trojans season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026720-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Troy Trojans season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026720-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Troy Trojans season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026720-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Troy Trojans season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026721-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Union Hotel\nThe 1880 Union Hotel, located in Los Alamos, California, is a hotel and saloon and an historic landmark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026721-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Union Hotel, History\nIt was constructed in 1880 by Wells Fargo agent J. D. Snyder as a telegraph office and Wells Fargo stagecoach stop. It was a telegraph station, a showroom and a hotel for traveling salesmen. It burned down on February 16, 1893. Rebuilt in 1915 by J. P. Loustalot, it then serviced stagecoach and early railroad passengers with food, drink and lodging.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 25], "content_span": [26, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026721-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Union Hotel, History\nJohnny Cash sang at the hotel in the 1950s. It was named Santa Barbara County Landmark #39 on December 13, 1998. In 1972, then owner Dick Langdon restored the 1880 Union to its original condition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 25], "content_span": [26, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026721-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Union Hotel, Modern use\nIt was the site of the music video \"Say Say Say\" by Michael Jackson and Paul McCartney, released in 1983. It served wine from actor Kurt Russell. It now operates as a hotel, saloon and event venue with 14 rooms and the look of the Old West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026721-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Union Hotel, Modern use\nThe saloon includes only three wine labels, including Kurt Russell's Gogi Wines, Ampelos and Kate Hudson and Matt Bellamy's Hudson-Bellamy rose.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026722-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United Kingdom general election\nThe 1880 United Kingdom general election was a general election in the United Kingdom held from 31 March to 27 April 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026722-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United Kingdom general election\nIts intense rhetoric was led by the Midlothian campaign of the Liberals, particularly the fierce oratory of Liberal leader William Gladstone. He vehemently attacked the foreign policy of the government of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, as utterly immoral.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026722-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United Kingdom general election\nLiberals secured one of their largest-ever majorities, leaving the Conservatives a distant second. As a result of the campaign, the Liberal Commons leader, Lord Hartington (heir presumptive to the Duke of Devonshire) and that in the Lords, Lord Granville, stood back in favour of Gladstone, who thus became Prime Minister a second time. It was the last general election in which any party other than the Conservatives won a majority of the votes (rather than a plurality).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026722-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 United Kingdom general election, Issues\nThe Conservative government was doomed by the poor condition of the British economy and the vulnerability of its foreign policy to moralistic attacks by the Liberals. William Gladstone, appealing to moralistic evangelicals, led the attack on the foreign policy of Benjamin Disraeli (now known as Lord Beaconsfield) as immoral. Historian Paul Smith paraphrases the rhetorical tone which focused on attacking \"Beaconsfieldism\" (in Smith's words) as a:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 44], "content_span": [45, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026722-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 United Kingdom general election, Issues\nSinister system of policy, which not merely involved the country in immoral, vainglorious and expensive external adventures, inimical to peace and to the rights of small peoples, but aimed at nothing less than the subversion of parliamentary government in favour of some simulacrum of the oriental despotism its creator was alleged to admire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 44], "content_span": [45, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026722-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 United Kingdom general election, Issues\nSmith notes that there was indeed some substance to the allegations, but: \"Most of this was partisan extravaganza, worthy of its target's own excursions against the Whigs.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 44], "content_span": [45, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026722-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 United Kingdom general election, Issues\nDisraeli himself was now the Earl of Beaconsfield in the House of Lords, and custom did not allow peers to campaign. His party was unable to deal effectively with the rhetorical onslaught. Although he had improved the organisation of the Conservative Party, Disraeli was firmly based in the rural gentry,  and had little contact with or understanding of the urban middle class that was increasingly dominating his party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 44], "content_span": [45, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026722-0007-0000", "contents": "1880 United Kingdom general election, Issues\nBesides their trouble with foreign policy issues, it was even more important that the Conservatives were unable to effectively defend their economic record on the home front. The 1870s coincided with a long-term global depression caused by the collapse of the worldwide railway boom of the 1870s which previously had been so profitable to Britain. The stress was growing by the late 1870s; prices fell, profits fell, employment fell, and there was downward pressure on wage rates that caused much hardship among the industrial working class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 44], "content_span": [45, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026722-0007-0001", "contents": "1880 United Kingdom general election, Issues\nThe free trade system supported by both parties made Britain defenceless against the flood of cheap wheat from North America, which was exacerbated by the worst harvest of the century in Britain in 1879. The party in power got the blame, and Liberals repeatedly emphasised the growing budget deficit as a measure of bad stewardship. In the election itself, Disraeli's party lost heavily up and down the line, especially in Scotland and Ireland, and in the urban boroughs. His Conservative strength fell from 351 to 238, while the Liberals jumped from 250 to 353. Disraeli resigned on 21 April 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 44], "content_span": [45, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026723-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nThe 1880 general election in Ireland marked the beginning both of the dominance of the Irish Parliamentary Party in Irish politics and of Charles Stewart Parnell's dominance within the Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026723-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nThe party won 62 of the 103 Irish parliamentary seats. 2 later defected to the Liberals. Parnell was presumed to have had the support of 25 of the MPs. When the Parliamentary Party reassembled in Westminster Parnell was elected session chairman of the party in place of William Shaw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026723-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nThe IPP would not drop below the number of seats won in the 1880 election again until the 1918 general election, when it experienced an electoral wipeout at the hands of Sinn F\u00e9in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026723-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 United Kingdom general election in Ireland, Results\nNot included in the totals are the two Dublin University seats, which were uncontested and were retained by the Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026724-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United Kingdom general election in Scotland\nThese are the results of the 1880 United Kingdom general election in Scotland. The election was held between 31 March and 27 April 1880 and all 60 seats in Scotland were contested. Of particular note was the Scottish-based Midlothian campaign of William Gladstone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026724-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United Kingdom general election in Scotland, Results\nBelow is a table summarising the results of the 1880 general election in Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 57], "content_span": [58, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026725-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections\nElections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1880 for Representatives to the 47th Congress, and coincided with the 1880 presidential election which was won by James A. Garfield, who was a member of the House at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026725-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections\nIssues such as Civil War loyalties, tariffs, graft and corruption dominated the year's elections, though none became substantive a national issue. The economy was growing stronger after emerging from a long Depression. It was in this political environment that Garfield's Republican Party gained 19 seats and regained control of the House from the Democratic Party. The Greenback Party, an emerging party of workers and farmers, also lost seats in these elections, after gaining more than a dozen two years earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026725-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections, Early election dates\nIn 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors. This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their Congressional elections to this date as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 75], "content_span": [76, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026725-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections, Early election dates\nIn 1880, no states held their elections after Election Day for the first time (California was the last state to hold late elections, in 1878). But 5 states, with 35 seats among them, held their elections before the rest of the states:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 75], "content_span": [76, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026726-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1880 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 2, 1880. Democrats gained one district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026726-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results\nFinal results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [69, 76], "content_span": [77, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026727-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida\nElections to the United States House of Representatives in Florida were held November 2, 1880 for the 47th Congress. These elections were held at the same time as the 1880 presidential election and election for governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026727-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background\nThe Democrats had gained complete control of Florida's congressional delegation in 1878, although the results of the election in the 2nd district were successfully challenged, so that a single Republican represented Florida in the House for the last two months of the 46th Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 76], "content_span": [77, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026727-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Election results\nIncumbent Noble A. Hull (D) of the 2nd district did not run for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 82], "content_span": [83, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026727-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Contested election\nFor the fourth time in a row, the election in the 2nd district was contested. Horatio Bisbee, Jr. (R) successfully contested the election of Jesse J. Finley (D) and was seated June 1, 1882. Bisbee had also been on the winning side of an electoral dispute after the 1878 election, and on the losing side of an electoral dispute in 1876, while Finley had been on the winning side of electoral disputes in 1874 and 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 84], "content_span": [85, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026728-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1880 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 2, 1880 to elect five representatives Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. All five incumbents were re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained solely Democratic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026728-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John S. Richardson of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1879, defeated Republican challenger Samuel J. Lee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026728-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Michael P. O'Connor of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1879, defeated Republican challenger Edmund W.M. Mackey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026728-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman D. Wyatt Aiken of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1877, defeated Republican challenger C.J. Stollbrand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026728-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John H. Evins of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1877, defeated Republican challenger A. Blythe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026728-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman George D. Tillman of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1879, defeated Republican challenger Robert Smalls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026729-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States census\nThe United States census of 1880 conducted by the Census Bureau during June 1880 was the tenth United States census. It was the first time that women were permitted to be enumerators. The Superintendent of the Census was Francis Amasa Walker. This was the first census in which a city\u2014New York City\u2014recorded a population of over one million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026729-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States census, Data collected\nFive schedules were authorized by the 1880 Census Act, four of which were filled out by the enumerators:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026729-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States census, Data collected\nSchedule 4 (Social statistics) was the responsibility of experts and special agents, rather than the enumerators. The majority of the data came from correspondence with officials of institutions providing care and treatment of certain members of the population. Experts and special agents also were employed to collect data on valuation, taxation, and indebtedness; religion and libraries; colleges, academies, and schools; newspapers and periodicals, and wages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026729-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 United States census, Data collected\nSpecial agents were also charged with collecting data on specific industries throughout the country, and included the manufactures of iron and steel; cotton, woolen, and worsted goods; silk and silk goods; chemical products and salt; coke and glass; shipbuilding; and all aspects of fisheries and mining, including the production of coal and petroleum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026729-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 United States census, Data collected\nFull documentation for the 1880 population census, including census forms and enumerator instructions, is available from  the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, which contains microdata.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026729-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 United States census, Data availability\nThe original census enumeration sheets were microfilmed by the Census Bureau; after which the original sheets were transferred to various state archives, libraries, or universities. The microfilmed census is available in rolls from the National Archives and Records Administration. Several organizations also host images of the microfilmed census online, along which digital indices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026729-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 United States census, Data availability\nMicrodata from the 1880 population census are freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026729-0007-0000", "contents": "1880 United States census, Results\nThe 1880 census determined the resident population of the United States to be 50,189,209, an increase of 30.2 percent over the 38,555,983 persons enumerated during the 1870 census. The mean center of United States population for 1880 was in Boone County, Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026729-0008-0000", "contents": "1880 United States census, Results\nThe results from the census were used to determine the apportionment for the 48th, 49th, 50th, 51st, and 52nd sessions of the United States Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026729-0009-0000", "contents": "1880 United States census, Results\nThe processing of the 1880 census data took so long (eight years) that the Census Bureau contracted Herman Hollerith to design and build a tabulating machine to be used for the next census. The 1880 census also led to the discovery of the Alabama paradox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026730-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States elections\nThe 1880 United States elections occurred during the Third Party System, and elected the members of the 47th United States Congress. Republicans retained the Presidency and took control of the House. An unclear partisan situation prevailed in the Senate. As the first presidential election after the end of Reconstruction, this election saw the first occurrence of the Democratic Party sweeping the Southern United States; the party would carry an overwhelming majority of Southern states well into the 20th century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026730-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States elections\nIn the Presidential election, Republican Representative James Garfield from Ohio defeated Democratic General Winfield Hancock. Though Garfield won a clear majority of electoral votes, he won the popular vote by the smallest margin in history. Incumbent one-term Republican President Rutherford B. Hayes declined to seek re-election. Garfield emerged as the dark horse Republican nominee following the 1880 Republican National Convention, prevailing on the 36th ballot over former President Ulysses S. Grant, Maine Senator James G. Blaine, and Ohio Senator John Sherman. Hancock took the nomination at the 1880 Democratic National Convention on the second ballot, defeating Delaware Senator Thomas F. Bayard and several other candidates. Garfield was the first sitting member of Congress to be elected president, and remains the only sitting member of the House to win a presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 921]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026730-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States elections\nRepublicans picked up several seats in the House, taking a majority of the chamber for the first time since the 1874 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026730-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 United States elections\nIn the Senate, Republicans made small gains at the expense of the Democrats, but neither party had a majority due to the presence of an independent Senator and a Readjuster Senator. The two parties ultimately agreed to share power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election\nThe 1880 United States presidential election was the 24th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 2, 1880. The voter turnout rate was one of the highest in the nation's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election\nIncumbent President Rutherford B. Hayes did not seek re-election, keeping a promise made during the 1876 campaign. After the longest convention in the party's history, the divided Republicans chose another Ohioan, Representative James A. Garfield, as their standard-bearer. The Democratic Party chose General Winfield Scott Hancock of Pennsylvania as their nominee. The dominance of the two major parties began to fray as an upstart left-wing party, the Greenback Party, nominated another Civil War general for president, Iowa Congressman James B. Weaver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0001-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election\nIn a campaign fought mainly over issues of Civil War loyalties, tariffs, and Chinese immigration, Garfield and Hancock each took just over 48 percent of the popular vote. Weaver and two other minor candidates, Neal Dow and John W. Phelps, together made up the remaining percentage. The election of 1880 was the sixth consecutive presidential election won by the Republicans, the second longest winning streak in American history after the Democratic-Republican Party during the period 1800\u20131824.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election\nIn the end, the popular vote totals of the two main candidates were separated by 1,898 votes (0.11%), the smallest victory in the national popular vote ever recorded. In the electoral college, however, Garfield's victory was much larger; he won the decisive state of New York by 21,033 votes (1.91%). Hancock's sweep of the Southern states was not enough for victory, but it cemented his party's dominance of the region for generations. This is the first presidential election in which people in every state were able to vote directly for presidential electors. This was the most recent election until 2020 when the Republican and Democratic candidate both won the same number of states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Background\nSince before the Civil War, the two major parties were the Republicans and the Democrats, and after the end of the Reconstruction Era in 1877, the national electorate was closely divided between them. Party membership was only partly based on ideology; party identification often reflected ethnic and religious background, as well as Civil War loyalties that were still keenly felt by many voters. Most Northern Protestants voted Republican, as did black Southerners. On the other hand, white Southerners and Northern Catholics generally voted Democratic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Background, Issues\nTariff reform and the gold standard also divided the country and the major parties. The monetary debate was over the basis for the value of the United States dollar. Nothing but gold and silver coin had ever been legal tender in the United States until the Civil War, when the mounting costs of the war forced the United States Congress to issue \"greenbacks\" (dollar bills backed by government bonds). Greenbacks helped pay for the war, but resulted in the most severe inflation since the American Revolution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0004-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Background, Issues\nAfter the war, bondholders and other creditors (especially in the North) wanted to return to a gold standard. At the same time, debtors (often in the South and West) benefited from the way inflation reduced the real value of their debts, and workers and some businessmen liked the way inflation made for easy credit. The issue cut across parties, producing dissension among Republicans and Democrats alike and spawning a third party, the Greenback Party, in 1876, when both major parties nominated \"hard money\" candidates (i.e., candidates who favored the gold-backed currency instead of \"soft money\" greenbacks that generated inflation). Monetary debate intensified as Congress effectively demonetized silver in 1873 and began redeeming greenbacks in gold by 1879, while limiting their circulation. As the 1880 election season began, the nation's money was backed by gold alone, but the issue was far from settled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 976]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Background, Issues\nTariff policy was a source of conflict in late 19th-century American politics. During the Civil War, Congress raised protective tariffs to new heights. This was done partly to pay for the war, but partly because high tariffs were popular in the North. A high tariff meant that foreign goods were more expensive, which made it easier for American businesses to sell goods domestically. Republicans supported high tariffs as a way to protect American jobs and increase prosperity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0005-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Background, Issues\nDemocrats generally condemned them as a source of higher prices for goods, whereas the higher revenues that they generated for the federal government were not needed after the conclusion of the Civil War. Many Northern Democrats supported high tariffs, however, for the same economic reasons that Northern Republicans did. In the interest of party unity, they often sought to avoid the question as much as possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Background, 1876 election\nFour years earlier, in the election of 1876, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio defeated Democrat Samuel J. Tilden of New York in one of the most hotly contested presidential elections in the nation's history. The results initially indicated a Democratic victory, but the electoral votes of several states were disputed until just a few days before the new president was to be inaugurated. Members of both parties in Congress agreed to convene a bipartisan Electoral Commission, which ultimately decided the race for Hayes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0007-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Background, 1876 election\nFor Democrats, the \"stolen election\" became a rallying cry, and the Democratic majority in the House of Representatives spent much of 1878 investigating it, although they failed to turn up any new evidence against their Republican foes. At first, Tilden was seen as the front-runner for the 1880 nomination. For leading Republicans, Hayes's inauguration in 1877 signaled the start of backroom maneuverings for the nomination in 1880. Even before his election, Hayes had pledged not to run for a second term, leaving the path to the White House open in 1880. His cabinet selections alienated many party leaders as well, deepening the growing divide within the Republican party between forces loyal to New York Senator Roscoe Conkling and those loyal to Maine Senator James G. Blaine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 850]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0008-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Conventions\nThe parties agreed on their respective platforms and nominees at conventions, which met in the summer before the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 53], "content_span": [54, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0009-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Conventions, Republicans\nThe Republican convention met first, convening in Chicago, Illinois, on June 2. Of the men vying for the Republican nomination, the three strongest candidates leading up to the convention were former president Ulysses S. Grant, Senator James G. Blaine and Treasury Secretary John Sherman. Grant had been the leading military commander for the Northern forces during the Civil War, and had served two terms as president from 1869 to 1877. He was seeking an unprecedented third term in the office. He was backed by Conkling's faction of the Republican Party, now known as the Stalwarts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 66], "content_span": [67, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0009-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Conventions, Republicans\nThey were mainly known for their opposition to the civil service reforms sought by President Hayes. Blaine, a senator and former representative from Maine, was backed by the Half-Breed faction of the party, which did support civil service reform. Sherman, the brother of Civil War general William Tecumseh Sherman, was a former senator from Ohio serving in Hayes's cabinet. He was backed by a smaller delegation that supported neither of the major factions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 66], "content_span": [67, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0010-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Conventions, Republicans\nOn the first ballot, Grant and Blaine gleaned 304 and 285 votes, respectively, while Sherman received 93. None of the candidates were close to victory, and the balloting continued in order to determine a winner. Many more ballots were taken, but no candidate prevailed. After the thirty-fifth ballot, Blaine and Sherman delegates switched their support to the new \"dark horse\" candidate, Representative James A. Garfield from Ohio. On the next ballot, Garfield won the nomination when he received 399 votes, most of them former Blaine and Sherman delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 66], "content_span": [67, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0010-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Conventions, Republicans\nTo placate the Grant faction, Garfield's Ohio supporters suggested Levi P. Morton for vice president. Morton declined, based on Conkling's advice. They next offered the nomination to Chester A. Arthur, another New York Stalwart. Conkling also advised him to decline, but he accepted. He was nominated, and the longest-ever Republican National Convention was adjourned on June 8, 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 66], "content_span": [67, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0011-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Conventions, Democrats\nLater that month, the Democrats held their convention in Cincinnati, Ohio. Six men were officially candidates for nomination at the convention, and several others also received votes. Of these, the two leading candidates were Major General Winfield Scott Hancock from Pennsylvania and Senator Thomas F. Bayard from Delaware. Tilden was not officially a candidate, but he wielded a heavy influence over the convention. Tilden was ambiguous about his willingness to participate in another campaign, leading some delegates to defect to other candidates, while others stayed loyal to their old standard-bearer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0012-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Conventions, Democrats\nAs the convention opened, some delegates favored Bayard, a conservative senator, while others supported Hancock, a career soldier and Civil War hero. Still others flocked to men they saw as surrogates for Tilden, including Henry B. Payne from Ohio, an attorney and former congressman, and Samuel J. Randall from Pennsylvania, the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. The first round of balloting was inconclusive, with Hancock and Bayard leading the count. Before the second round, Tilden's withdrawal from the campaign became known for certain; delegates then shifted to Hancock, who was nominated. William Hayden English, a conservative politician and businessman from the swing state of Indiana, was nominated for vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0013-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Conventions, Others\nThe Greenback Party convention gathered in Chicago in mid-June, using the hall recently vacated by the Republicans. The party was a newcomer to the political scene in 1880, having arisen as a response to the economic depression that followed the Panic of 1873, mostly in the nation's West and South. During the Civil War, Congress had authorized \"greenbacks\", a form of money redeemable in government bonds, rather than in gold, as was traditional. After the war, many Democrats and Republicans in the East sought to return to the gold standard, and the government began to withdraw greenbacks from circulation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 61], "content_span": [62, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0013-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Conventions, Others\nThe reduction of the money supply, combined with the economic depression, made life harder for debtors, farmers, and industrial laborers; the Greenback Party hoped to draw support from these groups. Beyond their support for a larger money supply, they also favored an eight-hour work day, safety regulations in factories, and an end to child labor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 61], "content_span": [62, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0014-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Conventions, Others\nSix men were candidates for the Greenback nomination. James B. Weaver, an Iowa congressman and Civil War general, was the clear favorite, but two other congressmen, Benjamin F. Butler from Massachusetts and Hendrick B. Wright from Pennsylvania, also commanded considerable followings. Weaver triumphed quickly, winning a majority of the 850 delegates' votes on the first ballot. Barzillai J. Chambers, a Texas businessman and Confederate veteran, was likewise nominated for vice president on the initial vote. More tumultuous was the fight over the platform, as delegates from disparate factions of the left-wing movement clashed over women's suffrage, Chinese immigration, and the extent to which the government should regulate working conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 61], "content_span": [62, 810]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0015-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Conventions, Others\nA convention of the Prohibition Party also met that month in Cleveland, Ohio. The Prohibitionists, more of a movement than a party, focused their efforts on banning alcohol. Most party members came from pietist churches, and most were former Republicans. Only twelve states sent delegates to the convention, and the platform they agreed on was silent on most issues of the day, focusing instead on the evils of alcohol. For president, the Prohibitionists nominated Neal Dow, a Civil War general from Maine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 61], "content_span": [62, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0015-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Conventions, Others\nAs mayor of Portland, Dow helped to pass the \"Maine law\", which banned the sale of alcohol in the city; it became the model for temperance laws around the country. Finally, a revived Anti-Masonic Party nominated John W. Phelps, another Civil War general, on a platform of opposition to Freemasonry. Political prognosticators gave Weaver little chance of victory, and Dow and Phelps none at all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 61], "content_span": [62, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0016-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Candidates, Garfield\nJames Abram Garfield was raised in humble circumstances on an Ohio farm by his widowed mother. He worked at various jobs, including on a canal boat, in his youth. Beginning at age 17, he studied at Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, from which he graduated in 1856. A year later, Garfield entered politics as a Republican. He married Lucretia Rudolph in 1858, and served as a member of the Ohio State Senate (1859\u20131861).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 62], "content_span": [63, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0016-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Candidates, Garfield\nGarfield opposed Confederate secession, served as a major general in the Union Army during the Civil War, and fought in the battles of Middle Creek, Shiloh, and Chickamauga. He was first elected to Congress in 1862 to represent Ohio's 19th District. Throughout Garfield's extended congressional service after the Civil War, he firmly supported the gold standard and gained a reputation as a skilled orator. Garfield initially agreed with Radical Republican views regarding Reconstruction, but later favored a moderate approach for civil rights enforcement for freedmen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 62], "content_span": [63, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0017-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Candidates, Garfield\nAfter his nomination, Garfield met with party leaders in an attempt to heal the schism between the Stalwarts and Half-Breeds. In his formal letter to the party accepting his nomination, written with advice from party leaders, he endorsed the ideas of high tariffs and sound money, but drew particular attention to the issues of Chinese immigration and civil service reform. On both, Garfield sought a moderate path. He called for some restrictions on the former, through treaty renegotiation with the Chinese government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 62], "content_span": [63, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0017-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Candidates, Garfield\nHe straddled the divide on civil service reform, saying that he agreed with the concept, while promising to make no appointments without consulting party leaders, a position 20th-century biographer Allan Peskin called \"inconsistent\". As was traditional at the time, Garfield conducted a \"front porch campaign\", returning to his home for the duration of the contest, and leaving the actual campaigning to surrogates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 62], "content_span": [63, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0018-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Candidates, Hancock\nWinfield Scott Hancock was born and raised in Pennsylvania. He attended the United States Military Academy at West Point and served in the Army for four decades, including service in the Mexican\u2013American War and as a Union general in the Civil War. Known to his Army colleagues as \"Hancock the Superb\", he was noted in particular for his personal leadership at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863, where he led the defense of Pickett's Charge, getting wounded in the process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 61], "content_span": [62, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0018-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Candidates, Hancock\nHis military service continued after the Civil War, as Hancock participated in the military Reconstruction of the South and the Army's presence at the Western frontier. During Reconstruction, he sided with then-President Andrew Johnson in working for a quick end to military occupation of the South and a return to government by the pre-war establishment. Hancock's reputation as a war hero at Gettysburg, combined with his status as a prominent Democrat with impeccable Unionist credentials and pro-states' rights views, made him a quadrennial presidential possibility.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 61], "content_span": [62, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0019-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Candidates, Hancock\nHancock was officially notified of his nomination in July, and responded with the traditional letter of acceptance. As Garfield had, the Democratic nominee sought to cause no controversy in his statement, which according to biographer David M. Jordan was \"bland and general\". After scorning the previous years of Republican rule, Hancock sought to tamp down fears that election of a Democrat would overturn the results of the war and Reconstruction, a common Republican campaign theme. Unlike Garfield, Hancock had no record in elected office, but the acceptance letter gave no further indication of his political preferences. Hancock remained on active duty during the campaign at his post on Governors Island in New York Harbor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 61], "content_span": [62, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0020-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Candidates, Weaver\nJames Baird Weaver was born in Ohio, and moved to Iowa as a boy when his family claimed a homestead on the frontier. He became politically active as a young man and was an advocate for farmers and laborers, joining and quitting several political parties in the furtherance of the progressive causes in which he believed. After serving in the Union Army in the Civil War, Weaver returned to Iowa and worked for the election of Republican candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0020-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Candidates, Weaver\nAfter making several unsuccessful attempts at Republican nominations to various offices, and growing dissatisfied with the conservative wing of the party, in 1877 Weaver switched to the Greenback Party, advocating an increased money supply and stricter regulation of big business. As a Greenbacker with Democratic support, Weaver won election to the House of Representatives in 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0021-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Candidates, Weaver\nUnlike the major party candidates, Weaver planned to take the field himself, giving speeches around the country. His running mate, Chambers, was to do the same, until a fall from a train in July disabled him for the duration of the campaign. As the Greenbackers had the only ticket that included a Southerner, he hoped to make inroads in that region. Weaver's path to victory, already unlikely, was made more difficult by his refusal to run a fusion ticket in states where Democratic and Greenbacker strength might have combined to outvote the Republicans. His party's message of racial inclusion also presaged difficulty in the South, as the Greenbackers would face the same obstacles the Republicans did in the face of increasing black disenfranchisement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 818]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0022-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Campaign, Bloody shirt\nHancock and the Democrats expected to carry the Solid South, while much of the North was considered safe territory for Garfield and the Republicans; most of the campaign would involve a handful of close states, including New York and a few of the Midwestern states (national elections in that era were largely decided by closely divided states there).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0022-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Campaign, Bloody shirt\nPractical differences between the major party candidates were few, and Republicans began the campaign with the familiar theme of \"waving the bloody shirt\", reminding Northern voters that the Democratic Party was responsible for secession and four years of civil war, and that if they held power they would reverse the gains of that war, dishonor Union veterans, and pay Confederate soldiers' pensions out of the federal treasury. With fifteen years having passed since the end of the war, and Union generals at the head of all of the major and minor party tickets, the appeal to wartime loyalties was of diminishing value in exciting the voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0023-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Campaign, Bloody shirt\nThe Democrats, for their part, campaigned on the character of the candidates. They attacked Garfield for his connection with the Cr\u00e9dit Mobilier of America scandal of the early 1870s, in which many members of Congress were bribed by the Cr\u00e9dit Mobilier corporation, a railroad construction company. Garfield's precise involvement was unknown, but modern biographers agree that his account of his dealings with the construction syndicate were less than perfectly honest. Democrats used the incident as a contrast with Hancock who, as a career army officer, stood apart from Congress and lobbyists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0023-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Campaign, Bloody shirt\nMany in the Republican Party were reluctant to directly criticize the \"hero of Gettysburg\", but they did characterize Hancock as uninformed on the issues, and some of his former comrades-in-arms gave critical speeches regarding his character. Democrats never made clear what about their victory would improve the nation; Jordan later characterized their message as simply \"our man is better than your man\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0024-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Campaign, Bloody shirt\nThe Greenbackers saw the impact of Civil War loyalties more acutely as they vied for Southern votes. Weaver embarked on a speaking tour of the South in July and August. Although the local Greenback parties had seen some recent success, the national party, with an ex-Republican Union general at the head of the ticket, faced more opposition. The party's courtship of black voters, too, threatened the white Democratic establishment, leading to violent outbursts at Weaver's rallies and threats against his supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0024-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Campaign, Bloody shirt\nAs Weaver campaigned in the North in September and October, Republicans accused him of purposely dividing the vote to help Democrats win a plurality in marginal states. Although Weaver refused to cooperate with Democrats in running fusion slates of presidential electors, in state-level races, Greenback candidates did often combine with Democrats to defeat Republican candidates. In the September gubernatorial race in Maine, one such fusion ticket nominated Harris M. Plaisted, who narrowly defeated the incumbent Republican in what was thought to be a safe state for that party. The surprise defeat sent a shock through the Garfield campaign, and caused them to rethink their strategy of waving the bloody shirt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0025-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Campaign, Tariffs and immigration\nAfter their defeat in Maine, the Republicans began to emphasize policy differences more. One significant difference between them and the Democrats was a purposely vague statement in the Democratic platform endorsing \"a tariff for revenue only\". Garfield's campaigners used this statement to paint the Democrats as unsympathetic to the plight of industrial laborers, a group that benefited from a high protective tariff. The tariff issue cut Democratic support in industrialized Northern states, which were essential in establishing a Democratic majority. Hancock made the situation worse when, attempting to strike a moderate stance, he said \"the tariff question is a local question\". While not completely inaccurate\u2014tariff preferences often reflected local concerns\u2014the statement was at odds with the Democrats' platform and suggested that Hancock did not understand the issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 954]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0026-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Campaign, Tariffs and immigration\nThe change in tactics appeared to be effective, as October state elections in Ohio and Indiana resulted in Republican victories there, discouraging Democrats about their chances the following month. Democratic party leaders had selected English as Hancock's running mate because of his popularity in Indiana. With their state-level defeat there, some talked of dropping English from the ticket, but he convinced them that the October losses owed more to local issues, and that the Democratic ticket could still carry Indiana, if not Ohio, in November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0027-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Campaign, Tariffs and immigration\nIn the last weeks before the election, the issue of Chinese immigration entered the race. Both major parties (as well as the Greenbackers) pledged in their platforms to limit immigration from China, which native-born workers in the Western states believed was depressing their wages. On October 20, however, a Democratic newspaper published a letter, purportedly from Garfield to a group of businessmen, pledging to keep immigration at the current levels so that industry could keep workers' wages low.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0027-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Campaign, Tariffs and immigration\nGarfield denounced the letter as a ruse, but not before one hundred thousand copies of the newspaper were mailed to California and Oregon. Once the letter was exposed as a forgery, Garfield biographer Peskin believes it may even have gained votes for the Republican in the East, but it likely weakened him in the West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0028-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Results\nThe extremely close election, with very high turnout, reflected the typical pattern of the Gilded Age. Democrats were assured of a Solid South electoral vote, as well as most of the border states. Republicans captured the Northeast and Midwest, winning the critical swing states of New York, Ohio and Indiana. The Republicans captured the electoral vote 214\u2013155, but the popular vote margin was under 8000 out of over 9 million votes cast. Republicans won the House of Representatives 147\u2013135, but the Senate was evenly split, with the vice president casting the deciding vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0029-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Results\nWhen all the ballots were counted, fewer than 2,000 votes separated Garfield and Hancock, the closest popular vote of any American presidential election before or since. The voters showed their interest in the election by turning out in record numbers; 78 percent of eligible voters cast a ballot, among largest percentages in American history. Each major party candidate earned just over 48 percent of the vote. Weaver won more than 3 percent, tripling the Greenback total of four years earlier. The other minor party candidates fared far worse, as Dow and Phelps earned 0.1 and 0.01 percent, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0029-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Results\nThe narrow victory carried over into the Congressional vote, as the Republicans won the House by a twelve-seat margin and the Senate was evenly divided. Garfield carried the crucial state of New York by 20,000 votes out of 1.1 million cast there. Other states were much closer; Hancock's margin of victory in California was only about 144 votes. In the electoral college, the vote was more decisive. As expected, Hancock carried the South and border states, but Garfield swept all but one of the Northern states (the exception was New Jersey, which he lost by just two thousand votes).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0029-0002", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Results\nBoth candidates carried nineteen states, but Garfield's triumphs in the more populous North translated into a 214\u2013155 electoral college victory. The sectional divide of the vote more deeply enforced the Republicans' retreat from the South after Reconstruction, and demonstrated that they could win without competing there. Weaver's resistance to fusion had no effect on the result; the combined Democratic and Greenback vote would have carried Indiana, but not any other of the states Garfield won, and the result would still have been a Republican majority in the electoral college. Hancock was convinced that the Republicans won New York by fraud. Lacking evidence, and mindful of the turmoil caused by the disputed election four years earlier, the Democrats did not pursue the matter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 837]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0030-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Results, Irregularities\nIn Virginia, a split in the Democratic Party over the payment of state debts led to two Democratic electoral slates being nominated, one by the regular debt-paying \"Funder\" Democrats, the other by the \"Readjuster\" or anti-debt paying faction of the party. Both slates were pledged to the Hancock ticket. Republicans initially hoped the split could lead Garfield to win the state, but the results were otherwise. The Readjuster ticket received 31,527 votes, but the Funder Democrats took 96,449 votes, enough to defeat the Republicans, whose slate had 84,020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0031-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Results, Irregularities\nAlthough Hancock won Georgia's popular vote easily, there was an irregularity in that state's electoral votes. According to Article II, Section 1, clause 3 of the Constitution, \"The Congress may determine the Time of choosing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.\" In 1792, Congress had set the date for the Electoral College to vote on the first Wednesday in December, which in 1880 fell on December 1. However, Georgia's electors failed to cast their ballots on December 1, instead voting on the following Wednesday, December 8. Congress chose to count Georgia's vote in the official tally anyway; had they not done so, Hancock's electoral vote would have been 144, not 155.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 826]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0032-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Results, Close states\nMargin of victory between 1% and 5% (131 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0033-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Results, Close states\nMargin of victory between 5% and 10% (58 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0034-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Aftermath\nAs Garfield entered office in March 1881, the Republican party schism that had been patched up for the election tore apart once more. Garfield appointed Blaine to the cabinet, and Conkling's Stalwart faction became irked at their lack of control over patronage, even in Conkling's home state of New York. Garfield appointed William H. Robertson, a civil service reform supporter, to the most lucrative government post in New York, and refused to withdraw the nomination despite Conkling's protests; in response, Conkling and his allies brought all legislative action in the closely divided Senate to a halt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0034-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Aftermath\nIn May, Conkling and fellow New York Senator Thomas C. Platt resigned from the Senate in protest. The two Stalwarts expected the New York legislature to reelect them in triumph; instead, the legislature deadlocked for months, eventually declining to return either man to the Senate. Before that result was known, however, Charles Guiteau, a mentally unstable man angry about not receiving a patronage appointment, shot Garfield in Washington, D.C. on July 2, 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0035-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Aftermath\nGarfield lingered for two-and-a-half months before dying on September 19, 1881. Vice President Chester A. Arthur, the New York Stalwart, was sworn in as president that night. Garfield's murder by a spoilsman inspired the nation to reform the civil service\u2014and Arthur, erstwhile member of the Conkling machine, joined the cause. In 1883, a bipartisan majority in Congress passed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act to reform the worst of the office-seeking system, and Arthur signed the measure into law.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0036-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Aftermath\nCongress also settled the issue of Chinese immigration, passing the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. Arthur initially vetoed a similar measure, which he believed contradicted the United States' treaty with China, but eventually signed a compromise bill, which banned immigration from China for ten years. Tariffs, a major issue in the campaign, remained largely unchanged in the four years that followed, although Congress did pass a minor revision that reduced them by an average of less than 2 percent. After a half-hearted attempt at the nomination in 1884, Arthur retired and died two years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026731-0037-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election, Aftermath\nHancock did not long survive his electoral opponent. After the election, he remained on duty as commander of the Division of the Atlantic. He attended Garfield's inauguration and served loyally under him and Arthur. In 1885, he visited the Gettysburg battlefield, the site of his most famous triumph two decades earlier. Hancock died the following year, after an abscess in his leg became infected. Weaver survived both of his more popular opponents, returning to Congress for four years in the 1880s, and running for president again as the nominee of the Populist Party in 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026732-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Alabama\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the nationwide presidential election. Alabama voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026732-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Alabama\nAlabama was won by General Winfield Scott Hancock (D\u2013Pennsylvania), running with former Representative William Hayden English, with 59.99% of the popular vote, against Representative James A. Garfield (R-Ohio), running with the 10th chairman of the New York State Republican Executive Committee, Chester A. Arthur, with 37.10% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026733-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026733-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nArkansas voted for the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock, over the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield by a margin of 17.47%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026734-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in California\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in California was held on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. State voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026734-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in California\nCalifornia narrowly voted for the Democratic nominee, United States Army officer Winfield Hancock, over the Republican nominee, Ohio representative James A. Garfield. The 144-vote margin was the smallest in any statewide presidential election since Henry Clay won Maryland by only four votes in 1832, and as of 2020 it stands as by percentage of the vote the eleventh-closest statewide presidential election result on record \u2013 although California would later see even closer results in 1892 and 1912. One electoral vote was awarded to Garfield. This was the first occasion in which California's electoral vote was split, rather than being awarded to a single candidate. This would only subsequently occur in California three additional times (1892, 1896, and 1912.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 819]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026734-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in California\nThis result constituted the first Democratic victory in California since 1856 when the Republican Party had only recently formed. The Democrats wouldn't carry the state again until 1892. The unexpected Democratic win was due almost entirely to the fact that Garfield was viewed as weaker than Hancock on the hot-bed issue of controlling immigration from China \u2013 which both major parties promised to do and which the California electorate was overwhelmingly in favor of.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026734-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in California\nAs a result of Garfield's loss, he became the first Republican to win the presidency without carrying California. This would not occur again until 120 years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026735-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Colorado\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Colorado took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026735-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Colorado\nColorado voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won the state by a margin of 5.23 points. Before Populist candidate James Weaver's 1892 victory transitioned the state into being Democratic-leaning, this was the closest a Democrat came to winning the state. Additionally, it was the only time a Democrat won any counties other than Las Animas, Bent, and Huerfano until 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026735-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Colorado\nHancock's strength was part of a brief surge for Democrats in the Rocky Mountains and Pacific: Democrats captured California for the first time since 1856, Nevada for the first time ever, and fell only 1.63% short in Oregon. This surge can largely be attributed to a letter attributed to Garfield, first printed in a New York newspaper named Truth, that declared Garfield was in favor of allowing Chinese immigration for its cheap labor. Despite the fact that it was a blatant falsehood, it cost Republicans in the west where Chinese immigrants were often accused of stealing jobs from American laborers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026736-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026736-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nConnecticut voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won the state by a narrow margin of 2.01%. This would be the last time that a Republican would carry the state until William McKinley won it in 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026737-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Delaware\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026737-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Delaware\nDelaware was won by General Winfield Scott Hancock (D\u2013Pennsylvania), running with former Representative William Hayden English, with 51.53% of the popular vote, against Representative James A. Garfield (R-Ohio), running with the 10th chairman of the New York State Republican Executive Committee Chester A. Arthur, with 48.03% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026738-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Florida\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Florida voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026738-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Florida\nFlorida was won by General Winfield Scott Hancock (D\u2013Pennsylvania), running with former Representative William Hayden English, with 54.17% of the popular vote, against Representative James Garfield (R-Ohio), running with the 10th chairman of the New York State Republican Executive Committee Chester A. Arthur, with 41.05% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026739-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Georgia\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the wider United States Presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026739-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote\nFollowing Reconstruction, Georgia would be the first former Confederate state to substantially disenfranchise its newly enfranchised freedmen and many poor whites, doing so in the early 1870s. This largely limited the Republican Party to a few North Georgia counties with substantial Civil War Unionist sentiment \u2013 chiefly Fannin but also to a lesser extent Pickens, Gilmer and Towns \u2013 and in presidential elections to a small number of counties elsewhere where blacks were not fully disenfranchised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 72], "content_span": [73, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026739-0001-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote\nThe Democratic Party served as the guardian of white supremacy against a Republican Party historically associated with memories of Reconstruction, and the main competition became Democratic primaries, which were restricted to whites on the grounds of the Democratic Party being legally a private club. This restriction was done by local county laws, but combined with the highly efficacious cumulative poll tax introduced in 1877 meant that turnout would begin a decline to be consistently lower than any other former Confederate state except South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 72], "content_span": [73, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026739-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote\nDespite the failure of outgoing President Rutherford B. Hayes to convert any of the formerly Whig landowners to the GOP, Democratic nominee Winfield Scott Hancock declined by seven percent upon Samuel J. Tilden\u2019s performance in Georgia from 1876, as mountain country whites who could pay the poll tax were nonetheless dissatisfied with the spending cuts of the \u201cRedeemers\u201d and their economic problems from deflation and a regressive and malapportioned tax system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 72], "content_span": [73, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026740-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Illinois\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose 21 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026740-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Illinois\nIllinois voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won the state by a margin of 6.55%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026741-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Indiana\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026741-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Indiana\nIndiana voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won the state by a narrow margin of 1.42%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026742-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Iowa\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026742-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Iowa\nIowa voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won the by a margin of 24.19%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026742-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Iowa\nWith 10.02% of the popular vote, Iowa would prove to be Greenback Party candidate James B. Weaver's second strongest state after Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026743-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Kansas\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026743-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Kansas\nKansas voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won the state by a margin of 30.68%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026743-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Kansas\nWith 60.40% of the popular vote, Kansas would be Garfield's fifth strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont, Nebraska, Minnesota and Rhode Island. The state would also prove to be Weaver's fourth strongest state after Texas, Iowa, and Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026744-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 2, 1880. All contemporary thirty-eight states were part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Kentucky voters chose twelve electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026744-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote\nEver since the Civil War, Kentucky had been shaped politically by divisions created by that war between secessionist, Democratic counties and Unionist, Republican ones, although the state as a whole leaned Democratic throughout this era and the GOP would never carry the state during the Third Party System at either presidential or gubernatorial level. Following Samuel J. Tilden\u2019s 24-point victory in the state in 1876, the tobacco-growing Jackson Purchase and Western Coal Field were affected by the Greenback movement. This aimed to restore the fiat money system used to pay for the Civil War, in order to pay off farmer\u2019s debts. It also was aimed at regulating the railroads which the western landowners \u2013 many former slaveholders \u2013 saw as siphoning the profit from their cash crop economy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 73], "content_span": [74, 869]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026744-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote\nThe Greenback movement managed to carry 8.3 percent of the vote in the 1879 gubernatorial election, but a rebound in tobacco prices and the adoption of some key elements of the Greenback platform by Democrats ensured that this decline was arrested and Greenback nominee James B. Weaver won only 4.39 percent of Kentucky\u2019s ballots. Weaver did best in the regions where the Greenback insurgency was always strongest, but received no votes at all in fourteen of Kentucky\u2019s 117 counties (most of those lying in the Eastern Coalfield). Democratic nominee Winfield Scott Hancock thus comfortably carried the state, although his margin was only two-thirds that of Tilden. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last occasion when Rockcastle County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 73], "content_span": [74, 872]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026745-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026745-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nLouisiana voted for the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock, over the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield. Hancock won the state by a margin of 24.96%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026746-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Maine\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026746-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Maine\nMaine voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won the state by a narrow margin of 6.14%. Hancock's relatively strong showing was due to his firm stance against immigration, toward which Garfield was relatively favorable, but which was a major issue for Maine voters who feared immigration would depress their wages. He proved the only Democrat to carry any of Maine's counties between 1856 and 1896 inclusive, and was the last to carry Aroostook County until Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964, and the last to carry Lincoln County and Waldo County until Woodrow Wilson in 1912.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026747-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Maryland\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026747-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Maryland\nMaryland voted for the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock, over the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield by a margin of 8.82%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026748-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026748-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nMassachusetts voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won the state by a margin of 18.95%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026749-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Michigan\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026749-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Michigan\nMichigan voted for Republican nominees James A. Garfield of Ohio and his running mate Chester A. Arthur over Democratic candidates Winfield Scott Hancock of Pennsylvania and running mate William Hayden English and Greenback candidates James B. Weaver of Iowa and his running mate Barzillai J. Chambers of Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026749-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Michigan\nWith 9.88% of the popular vote, Michigan would prove to be Weaver's third strongest state in terms of popular vote percentage after Texas and Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026750-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026750-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nMinnesota voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won the state by a margin of 30.25%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026750-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nWith 62.28% of the popular vote, Minnesota would be Garfield's third strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont and Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026751-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Mississippi voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026751-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nMississippi was won by General Winfield Scott Hancock (D\u2013Pennsylvania), running with former Representative William Hayden English, with 64.71% of the popular vote, against Representative James A. Garfield (R-Ohio), running with the 10th chairman of the New York State Republican Executive Committee Chester A. Arthur, with 29.76% of the vote and representative James B. Weaver (G\u2013Iowa), running with Barzillai J. Chambers, a former Confederate, with 4.95% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026752-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Missouri\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026752-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Missouri\nMissouri voted for the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock, over the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield by a margin of 13.83%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026753-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026753-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nNebraska voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won the state by a margin of 30.25%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026753-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nWith 62.87% of the popular vote, Nebraska would be Garfield's second strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026754-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Nevada\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026754-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Nevada\nNevada was won by General Winfield Scott Hancock (D\u2013Pennsylvania), running with former Representative William Hayden English, with 52.40% of the popular vote, against Representative James A. Garfield (R-Ohio), running with the 10th chairman of the New York State Republican Executive Committee Chester A. Arthur, with 47.60% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026754-0001-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Nevada\nThis was the first time Nevada voted for a Democratic presidential candidate, with Hancock's victory being generally attributed to the fact that Garfield was viewed as weaker than Hancock on the hot-bed issue of controlling immigration from China \u2013 which both major parties promised to do and which the Nevada electorate was overwhelmingly in favor of.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026755-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026755-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nNew Hampshire voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won the state by a narrow margin of 4.70%. This would be the last occasion any Democratic presidential candidate won Grafton County until Woodrow Wilson in 1912, and the last occasion a Democrat won an absolute majority of the presidential vote in Grafton or Belknap Counties until Lyndon B. Johnson did so in his 1964 landslide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026756-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose nine representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026756-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nNew Jersey voted for the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock, over the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield. Hancock won the state by a very narrow margin of 0.82%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026756-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nA Democratic candidate would not win New Jersey while losing the national popular vote again until 2004.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026757-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in New York\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 2, 1880. All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose 35 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026757-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York was won by the Republican nominees, Congressman James A. Garfield of Ohio and his running mate former Collector of the Port of New York Chester A. Arthur of New York. Garfield and Arthur defeated the Democratic nominees, famed Civil War General Winfield Scott Hancock of Pennsylvania and his running mate former Congressman and banker William Hayden English of Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026757-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in New York\nGarfield narrowly carried New York State with 50.32% of the vote to Hancock's 48.42%, a victory margin of 1.90%. In a distant third came the Greenback Party candidate James B. Weaver with 1.12%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026757-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York weighed in for this election as less than 2% more Republican than the national average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026757-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in New York\nHancock performed most strongly downstate in the New York City area, where he won New York County, Kings County, Queens County, and Richmond County. Hancock also won nearby Westchester County, and Rockland County. Garfield won much of upstate New York, including a victory in Erie County, home to the city of Buffalo, although Hancock did manage to win Albany County, home to the state capital of Albany, along with several rural upstate counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026758-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose ten representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026758-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nNorth Carolina voted for the Democratic candidates, Major General Winfield Scott Hancock and his running mate William Hayden English, over the Republican candidates, U.S. Representative James A. Garfield and his running mate Chester A. Arthur. Hancock won North Carolina narrowly by a margin of 3.57 percent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026759-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Ohio\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Ohio was held on November 2, 1880 as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. State voters chose 22 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026759-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Ohio\nOhio was narrowly won by the Republican Party candidate and native son, James A. Garfield, won the state with 51.73% of the popular vote. The Democratic Party candidate, Winfield Scott Hancock, garnered 47.01% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026760-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Oregon\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026760-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Oregon\nOregon voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won the state by a narrow margin of 1.63%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026761-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose 29 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026761-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nPennsylvania voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won Pennsylvania by a margin of 4.27%. Had Hancock won the state, The election would've been decided by one electoral vote like the 1876 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026762-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026762-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nRhode Island voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won the state by a margin of 25.37%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026762-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nWith 62.24% of the popular vote, Rhode Island would be Garfield's fourth strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont, Nebraska and Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026763-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose 7 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026763-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nSouth Carolina voted for the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock, over the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield. Hancock won the state by a margin of 31.38%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026764-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose 12 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026764-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nFor over a century after the Civil War, Tennessee\u2019s white citizenry was divided according to partisan loyalties established in that war. Unionist regions covering almost all of East Tennessee, Kentucky Pennyroyal-allied Macon County, and the five West Tennessee Highland Rim counties of Carroll, Henderson, McNairy, Hardin and Wayne voted Republican \u2013 generally by landslide margins \u2013 as they saw the Democratic Party as the \u201cwar party\u201d who had forced them into a war they did not wish to fight. Contrariwise, the rest of Middle and West Tennessee who had supported and driven the state\u2019s secession was equally fiercely Democratic as it associated the Republicans with Reconstruction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026764-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nIn 1868, Ulysses S. Grant easily carried the state due to disfranchisement of former confederates and the Ku Klux Klan Act. However, in the year after that election, Tennessee was the first state where Reconstruction was ended, and with the aid of the resurgent Klan, white Democrats rewrote the state\u2019s constitution to regain some of their lost power. Nevertheless, blacks and Unionist whites forged adequate support for the GOP to create a competitive political system during that decade, although the Democratic Party won all statewide elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026764-0002-0001", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nHowever, at the beginning of the 1880s, a divide in the Democratic Party on this issue of payment of state debt allowed the GOP to claim the governor\u2019s mansion, but this did not seriously alter presidential voting and Tennessee was won by General Winfield Scott Hancock (D\u2013Pennsylvania), running with former Representative William Hayden English, with 53.26 percent of the popular vote, against Representative James A. Garfield (R-Ohio), running with the 10th chairman of the New York State Republican Executive Committee Chester A. Arthur, with 44.26 percent of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026764-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nThis would be the last time a Democratic presidential candidate carried Unionist Pennyroyal Macon County until Bill Clinton in 1992.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026765-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Texas\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Texas was held on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight electors to represent the state in the Electoral College, which chose the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026765-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Texas\nTexas voted for the Democratic nominee Winfield S. Hancock, who received 64% of the vote. Texas was Hancock's fourth-strongest state. It was also the strongest state for Greenback candidate James B. Weaver, who received 11.34% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026766-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Vermont\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026766-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Vermont\nVermont voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won Vermont by a margin of 41.66%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026766-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Vermont\nWith 69.81% of the popular vote, Vermont would be Garfield's strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026766-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Vermont\nThe Republican Vice Presidential nominee Chester Alan Arthur was born in Vermont, more specifically in the town of Fairfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026767-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Virginia\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026767-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Virginia\nVirginia voted for the Democratic candidate, Major General Winfield S. Hancock over the Republican candidate, U.S. Representative James A. Garfield. Hancock won Virginia comfortably by a margin of 21.05 percent. This is the last occasion the Democratic Party has carried Floyd County, which along with neighbouring Carroll County were to be strong GOP counties in a Democrat-dominated state during the next 7 decades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026767-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Virginia\nWhile Hancock won the state, a split in the Democratic Party in Virginia over the payment of state debts led to 2 Democratic electoral slates being nominated, 1 by the regular debt-paying \"Funder\" Democrats, the other by the \"Readjuster\" or anti-debt paying faction of the party. Both slates were pledged to the Hancock ticket. The Readjuster ticket received 31,527 votes, but the Funder Democrats took 96,449 votes, enough to defeat the Republicans, whose slate had 84,020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026768-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. West Virginia voters chose five representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026768-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nWest Virginia was won by General Winfield Scott Hancock (D\u2013Pennsylvania), running with former Representative William Hayden English, with 50.95% of the popular vote, against Representative James Garfield (R-Ohio), running with the 10th chairman of the New York State Republican Executive Committee Chester A. Arthur, with 41.05% of the vote and representative James B. Weaver (G\u2013Iowa), running with Barzillai J. Chambers, a former Confederate, with 8.00% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026769-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nThe 1880 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 2, 1880 as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. State voters chose ten electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026769-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nRepublican Party candidate James A. Garfield won Wisconsin with 54.04 percent of the popular vote, winning the state's ten electoral votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026770-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 VFA season\nThe 1880 Victorian Football Association season was the fourth season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club. It was the club's third VFA premiership, and the last in a sequence of three consecutive premierships won from 1878 to 1880; Geelong lost two matches for the season, its first losses since 1877, having been unbeaten through the previous two years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026770-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 VFA season, Association membership\nBetween the 1879 and 1880 seasons, the Albert-park and South Melbourne football clubs amalgamated, with the merged entity known as South Melbourne. East Melbourne entered the senior ranks of the association. As such, the senior membership of the Association remained at eight clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026770-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 VFA season, 1880 VFA premiership\nThe 1880 premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club, which finished with a record of 9\u20131\u20132 in senior games and 14\u20132\u20132 overall. Geelong finished ahead of the newly amalgamated South Melbourne club, whose senior record of 9\u20132\u20133 was similarly meritorious, but whose overall record of 13\u20135\u20132 fell short of Geelong's. Carlton finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026770-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 VFA season, 1880 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe below table details the playing records of the eight clubs in all matches during the 1880 season. Two sets of results are given:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026770-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 VFA season, 1880 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Australasian newspaper. The VFA had no formal process by which the clubs were ranked, so the below order should be considered indicative only, particularly since the fixturing of matches was not standardised; however, the top three placings were later acknowledged in publications including the Football Record and are considered official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026770-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 VFA season, 1880 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nSome scoring data is missing from the below table based on the availability of information.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026770-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 VFA season, Intercolonial matches\nAn Association representative team toured South Australia in August, playing three intercolonial matches \u2013 two at even strength against the South Australian Football Association representative team, and one against a team of twenty-three South Australian-born players \u2013 and winning all three. J. Gibson (South Melbourne) served as captain of the Association team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 38], "content_span": [39, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026771-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 7, 1880. Incumbent Republican Redfield Proctor, per the \"Mountain Rule\", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Roswell Farnham defeated Democratic candidate Edward J. Phelps to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026772-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Waikaia by-election\nThe 1880 Waikaia by-election was a by-election held  on 21 September 1880 in the Waikaia electorate in the Southland Region during the 7th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026772-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Waikaia by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent George Ireland, on 15 August 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026772-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Waikaia by-election\nThe by-election was won by Horace Bastings. He was opposed by William Morris of Waikaia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026773-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Waitaki by-election\nThe 1880 Waitaki by-election was a by-election held  on 16 June 1880 in the Waitaki electorate in the Otago and Canterbury regions during the 7th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026773-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Waitaki by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent Thomas William Hislop, on 28 April 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026773-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Waitaki by-election\nThe by-election was won by George Jones. Jones and William Henry Sherwood Roberts were described as Liberals; John Reid and Duncan Sutherland were described as Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026774-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Welsh Cup Final\nThe 1880 Welsh Cup Final, was the 3rd in the competition. It was contested by Druids and Ruthin at the Racecourse Ground, Wrexham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026775-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 West Norfolk by-election\nThe West Norfolk by-election of 1880 was fought on 8 March 1880. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir William Bagge. It was won by the Conservative candidate William Tyssen-Amherst.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026776-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1880 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on October 12, 1880, to elect the governor of West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026777-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Wimbledon Championship\nThe 1880 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 5 July until 15 July. It was the 4th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1880. There were a total of 60 competitors who entered the tournament a record until the 1904 draw. The admission charge remained at a shilling for the first four days, then raised to half a crown for the latter half of the draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026777-0000-0001", "contents": "1880 Wimbledon Championship\nThe final was watched by 1300 spectators. The height of the net was reduced from 4\u00a0feet 9\u00a0inches (1.45\u00a0m) at the posts to 4 feet (1.2\u00a0m) and the distance from the service line to the net was reduced from 22 feet (6.7\u00a0m) to 21 feet (6.4\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026777-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Wimbledon Championship\nChanges to the rules made a service touching the net, but otherwise good, a 'let'; while a player touching the net, or volleying before the ball crossed the net, lost the point. Scoreboards were provided for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026778-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Wimbledon Championship \u2013 Singles\nHerbert Lawford defeated Otway Woodhouse, 6\u20135, 6\u20134, 6\u20130 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champion John Hartley defeated Lawford, 6\u20133, 6\u20132, 2\u20136, 6\u20133 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1880 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026779-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Windsor colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Windsor on 29 July 1880 because Richard Driver died.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026780-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Worcester Worcesters season\nThe 1880 season was the first for the Worcester Worcesters franchise in the National League, having played 1879 in the National Association. The team finished its initial season with a 40\u201343 record, good for fifth place. Lee Richmond threw a perfect game on June 12, 1880, the first ever perfect game in Major League Baseball history in a 1-0 victory over the Cleveland Blues. On August 20, they were the first team to ever be no-hit at home after Pud Galvin of the Buffalo Bisons defeated them 1-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026780-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Worcester Worcesters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026780-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Worcester Worcesters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026780-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Worcester Worcesters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026780-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Worcester Worcesters season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026781-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1880 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1880 college football season. The team finished with a 4\u20130\u20131 record, did not allow opposing teams to score a single point, outscored all opponents, 30\u20130, and  was retroactively named national champion by the Billingsley Report and as co-national champion with Princeton by the National Championship Foundation and Parke H. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026782-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 Zagreb earthquake\nThe 1880 earthquake which struck Zagreb, and is also known as The Great Zagreb earthquake, occurred with a moment magnitude of 6.3 on 9 November 1880. Its epicenter was in the Medvednica mountain north of Zagreb. Although only one person was killed in the earthquake, it destroyed or damaged many buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026782-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 Zagreb earthquake, Events\nAccording to the Zagreb Meteorological Station data, the earthquake struck at 07:33 AM CET and was followed by a series of tremors of smaller intensity. Contemporary records say that 3,800 outgoing tickets were sold at the Zagreb Main Station within the first 24 hours of the initial earthquake, as many locals sought to leave the city for Vienna, Ljubljana, Graz, and other Austro-Hungarian cities in the vicinity of Zagreb.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026782-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 Zagreb earthquake, Events\nCity authorities formed a commission to assess the damage, and their official report said that a total of 1,758 buildings were affected (not counting churches and state-owned buildings), out of which 485 were heavily damaged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026782-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 Zagreb earthquake, Events\nCroatian Academy of Sciences and Arts organized documenting of damaged buildings by prominent Zagreb photographer Ivan Standl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026782-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 Zagreb earthquake, Events\nThe most prominent building damaged was Zagreb Cathedral, which then underwent a thorough reconstruction led by Hermann Boll\u00e9 and which went on for 26 years before it was finally finished in 1906. However, the damage brought by the earthquake spurred construction and many historic buildings in the Lower Town area of the city were built in the following years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026783-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 and 1881 United States Senate elections\nThe United States Senate elections of 1880 and 1881 were elections that coincided with the presidential election of 1880, and had the Democratic Party lose five seats in the United States Senate. The newly elected Readjuster senator William Mahone caucused with the Republicans, and the Republican Vice President's tie-breaking vote gave the Republicans the slightest majority. All of that changed September 19, 1881 when the Vice President ascended to the Presidency and the Senate became evenly-divided.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026783-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 and 1881 United States Senate elections\nAs these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026783-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 and 1881 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 46th Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were seated during 1880 or in 1881 before March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026783-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 and 1881 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 47th Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1881; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026783-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 and 1881 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 47th Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were elected in 1881 after March 4; ordered by date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026783-0005-0000", "contents": "1880 and 1881 United States Senate elections, Nevada\nOn January 12, 1881, James Graham Fair (Republican) was elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026783-0006-0000", "contents": "1880 and 1881 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe New York election was held January 18, 1881, by the New York State Legislature. Democrat Francis Kernan had been elected in January 1875 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1881. At the State election in November 1879, 25 Republicans and 7 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1880-1881) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1880, 81 Republicans and 47 Democrats were elected for the session of 1881 to the Assembly. The 104th State Legislature met from January 4, 1881, on at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026783-0007-0000", "contents": "1880 and 1881 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 13, State Senator Dennis McCarthy presided. All but one of the legislators were present, only State Senator Edward M. Madden (13th D.) was absent. The caucus nominated Ex-Congressman Thomas C. Platt for the U.S. Senate. Platt was a friend of the other U.S. Senator from New York, Roscoe Conkling, and belonged to the Stalwart faction. The opposing Half-Breeds (in the press sometimes referred to as the \"anti-machine men\") at first wanted to nominate Chauncey M. Depew, but he withdrew before balloting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026783-0007-0001", "contents": "1880 and 1881 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe majority of the Half-Breeds, led by President pro tempore of the State Senate William H. Robertson, then supported Platt, a minority voted for Sherman S. Rogers, the defeated Republican candidate for Lieutenant Governor of New York in 1876. Congressman Richard Crowley was supported by a faction led by Speaker of the State Assembly George H. Sharpe, allied with Governor Alonzo B. Cornell. U.S. Vice President William A. Wheeler, and Congressmen Elbridge G. Lapham and Levi P. Morton also received votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026783-0008-0000", "contents": "1880 and 1881 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe caucus of the Democratic State legislators met on January 17, State Senator Charles A. Fowler (14th D.) presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Francis Kernan by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026783-0009-0000", "contents": "1880 and 1881 United States Senate elections, New York\nThomas C. Platt was the choice of both the State Senate and the Assembly, and was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026783-0010-0000", "contents": "1880 and 1881 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania\nThe Pennsylvania election was held on thirty separate dates from January to February 1881. On February 23, 1881, John I. Mitchell was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 27, 1881, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1881. Thirty-five ballots were recorded on thirty separate dates spanning from January 27 to February 23, 1881. The results of the thirty-fifth and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026784-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 college football season\nThe 1880 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Princeton and Yale as having been selected national champions. On April 9, college football was first played in the state of Kentucky when Kentucky University defeated Centre 133/4\u20130 at Stoll Field. It was one of the first in the South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026786-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1880 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026787-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026787-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1880 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026787-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1880 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026788-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in Belgium\nThe following lists events that happened during 1880 in the Kingdom of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026791-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in Canada, Historical documents\nStatute creates Canadian Pacific Railway as government-supported private company for benefit of B.C. and N.W.T.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026791-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 in Canada, Historical documents\nChief Ocean Man and another Nakoda (Stoney) describe attack on their people by Gros Ventre and Mandan from U.S. side of border", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026791-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 in Canada, Historical documents\nWalt Whitman calls Thousand Islands most beautiful place on Earth", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026791-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 in Canada, Historical documents\nTo avoid bankruptcy caused by westward expansion, Canada must declare independence", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026791-0004-0000", "contents": "1880 in Canada, Historical documents\nBritain gifts part of HMS\u00a0Resolute to U.S. for saving that Arctic exploration ship", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026792-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in Chile, Deaths\nThis article related to a particular year is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026799-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1880 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026799-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 in New Zealand, Sport, Rugby union\nThe Wellington Union is the first to hold a club championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026799-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 in New Zealand, Sport, Swimming\nThe first swimming club in New Zealand, Christchurch Amateur Swimming Club, is formed on 11 October. It is soon followed by others throughout New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026799-0003-0000", "contents": "1880 in New Zealand, Sport, Tennis\nPrior to this year there are tennis clubs in Auckland, Christchurch and Dunedin. As well as tennis club members also play croquet, bowls and archery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026801-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1880 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026805-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1880 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026808-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1880 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026808-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 in Wales, Awards\nNational Eisteddfod of Wales held at Caernarfon (first \"official\" National Eisteddfod)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026810-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in architecture\nThe year 1880 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026812-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1880 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026813-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1880  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026813-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 in baseball, Champions\nInter-league playoff:  Washington (NA) def. Chicago (NL), 4 games to 3 (1 tie game)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026815-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026817-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026818-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026818-0001-0000", "contents": "1880 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026818-0002-0000", "contents": "1880 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026819-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026820-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in science\nThe year 1880 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026821-0000-0000", "contents": "1880 in sports\n1880 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026824-0000-0000", "contents": "1880s\nThe 1880s (pronounced \"eighteen-eighties\") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1880, and ended on December 31, 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [5, 5], "content_span": [6, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026824-0001-0000", "contents": "1880s\nThe period was characterized in general by economic growth and prosperity in many parts of the world, especially Europe and the Americas, with the emergence of modern cities signified by the foundation of many long-lived corporations, franchises, and brands and the introduction of the skyscraper. The decade was a part of the Gilded Age (1874\u20131907) in the United States and the Victorian Era in the British Empire. It also occurred at the height of the Second Industrial Revolution and saw numerous developments in science and a sudden proliferation of electrical technologies, particularly in mass transit and telecommunications.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [5, 5], "content_span": [6, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0000-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1880\u201381 season\nSeason 1880\u201381 was the eighth season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0001-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1880\u201381 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the eighth time and also competed in the Ayrshire Cup. For the first time, Killie reached the third round of the Scottish Cup following a walkover against Stewarton Cunninghame in the first round and a 6\u20133 win against Ayr in the second round. A 3\u20133 draw against Mauchline set up third round replay in which Kilmarnock lost 3\u20130 at Rugby Park. In the first round of the Ayrshire Cup, Kilmarnock drew 2\u20132 with Barkip before winning the replay 7\u20130 in at Rugby Park. Kilmarnock required a second replay to see off Cronberry Eglinton after 5\u20135 and 2\u20132 draws before they lost 5\u20130 to Coylton Coila in the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0002-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1880\u201381 season, Overview\nDuring the club's early years, the team would play in Oxford blue shirts, white shorts and Oxford blue socks. The now traditional blue and white vertical stripes weren't introduced until 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0003-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1881\u201382 season\nSeason 1881\u201382 was the ninth season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0004-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1881\u201382 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the ninth time and also competed in the Ayrshire Cup and the Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup. In the Scottish Cup, they defeated Largs Athletic 6\u20130 in the first round before defeating Auchinleck Boswell 7\u20131 to go through to the third round for the second consecutive season. Kilmarnock then won 2\u20130 against Kilbirnie to reach the fourth round for the first time. They progressed even further after beating Dundee Our Boys 9\u20132 before losing 4\u20131 to Arthurlie in the fifth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0005-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1881\u201382 season, Overview\nIn the Ayrshire Cup, Kilmarnock reached the final for the first time. A 2\u20130 win against Kilbirnie in the first round was followed up by away wins against Rankinston and Beith Thistle. Kilmarnock won their fourth round match against Lanemark 3\u20130 before they were given a bye in the semi-finals. The final was an all-Kilmarnock affair as Kilmarnock met Kilmarnock Portland at the neutral Holm Quarry. Playing in their first-ever cup final on 25 March 1882, Kilmarnock lost 4\u20130 as Portland won the Ayrshire Cup for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0006-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1881\u201382 season, Overview\nLugar Boswell were the opponents for Kilmarnock's first tie in the Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup but the match ended in disappointment as Lugar won 4\u20130 at Rugby Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0007-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1882\u201383 season\nSeason 1882\u201383 was the 10th season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0008-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1882\u201383 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the 10th time and also competed in the Ayrshire Cup and the Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup. In the Scottish Cup, they defeated Mauchline 2\u20130 in the first round before they were eliminated by Hurlford following a 6\u20132 defeat. Hurlford also knocked Kilmarnock out of the Ayrshire Cup in the third round while Annbank defeated Killie in the first round of the Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0009-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1883\u201384 season\nSeason 1883\u201384 was the 11th season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0010-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1883\u201384 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the 11th time and also competed in the Ayrshire Cup and Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup. A walkover win came in the first round of the Scottish Cup as Kilbirnie failed to raise a team. In the second round, Kilmarnock saw off Hurlford 3\u20130 before they were eliminated in the third round by Thornliebank in a match that had to be replayed after the original result was declared void.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0011-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1883\u201384 season, Overview\nIn the Ayrshire Cup, Kilmarnock reached the final for the second time after a walkover against Kilmarnock Portland was followed by wins against Maybole, Lugar Boswell and Kilmarnock Athletic. Hurlford were their opponents in the final at Holm Quarry on 22 March 1884 but the teams couldn't be separated as the game ended 2\u20132. However, Kilmarnock edged the replay two weeks later at the same venue to win the Ayrshire Cup for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0012-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1883\u201384 season, Overview\nThere was also success in the Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup as Kilmarnock defeated Hurlford in a third competition after a 5\u20131 win at Holm Quarry in the final on 31 May 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0013-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1884\u201385 season\nSeason 1884\u201385 was the 12th season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0014-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1884\u201385 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the 12th time and also competed in the Ayrshire Cup, the Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup and - for the first time - the Ayr Charity Cup. In the Scottish Cup, Kilmarnock were involved in a controversial first round tie. Kilmarnock initially defeated Hurlford 6\u20131 at Drumbiehill Park but a protest over a breach of registration rules was upheld and the result was declared void. The match was replayed and this time Hurlford won 3\u20131, however a similar protest by Kilmarnock was also upheld and Hurlford were disqualified from the competition. In the second round, Killie lost 4\u20131 to Annbank at Pebble Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0015-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1884\u201385 season, Overview\nA successful Ayrshire Cup campaign started with wins over Monkcastle and Lugar Boswell before Kilmarnock received a bye to the semi-finals. On 31 January 1885, Kilmarnock thumped Ayr 5\u20132 at Rugby Park to reach the final for the second consecutive season. They retained the cup after defeating Hurlford 2\u20130 in the final at Holm Quarry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0016-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1884\u201385 season, Overview\nThe two charity cups saw similar fates for Kilmarnock. In the final of the Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup, they lost 3\u20132 to Ayr at Rugby Park before losing to the same team in the Ayr Charity Cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0017-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1885\u201386 season\nSeason 1885\u201386 was the 13th season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0018-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1885\u201386 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the 13th time and also competed in the Ayrshire Cup and Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup. In the first round of the Scottish Cup, Kilmarnock easily saw off Annbank with a 7\u20131 win at Rugby Park. Their second round tie against Hurlford was more of a marathon after one match was declared void, two were drawn and one abandoned before the tie was finally settled six weeks after the original match. Hurlford won through with a 5\u20131 victory in the fifth match on 14 November 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0019-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1885\u201386 season, Overview\nA third successive Ayrshire Cup triumph began with an 8\u20131 win over Maybole in the second round after Kilmarnock received a bye in the first round. The third round saw a 7\u20130 win over Annbank on Boxing Day 1885 following a protested match that Kilmarnock had won 5\u20130. Lanemark were defeated 3\u20131 in the semi-finals before Killie retained the trophy with a 2\u20131 win against Ayr in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0020-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1885\u201386 season, Overview\nThe Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup also saw Kilmarnock end with a 100% record after they defeat Britannia and Ayr to lift the cup for the second time in three seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0021-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1886\u201387 season\nSeason 1886\u201387 was the 14th season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0022-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1886\u201387 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the 14th time and also competed in the Ayrshire Cup and Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup. In the Scottish Cup, Cumnock scratched the first round tie giving Kilmarnock a walkover victory. A club record 10\u20132 win was recorded against Lanemark in the second round and this was followed by a 7\u20132 win against Lugar Boswell in the third round. A bye in the fourth round then saw Kilmarnock defeat Dunblane 6\u20130 in the fifth round before the journey came to an end in the quarter-finals with a 5\u20130 loss to Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0023-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1886\u201387 season, Overview\nThere was a similar start in the Ayrshire Cup when Girvan scratched from their first round tie. However, Killie's quest for a fourth consecutive Ayrshire Cup win was ended in the second round when they lost 2\u20131 to Hurlford. They did reach the final of the Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup but it was Ayr who had their name on the trophy after the competition committee decided to play the final second replay at Beresford Park in Ayr, the home of Ayr Parkhouse. Kilmarnock refused to play the match and Ayr were awarded the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0024-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1887\u201388 season\nSeason 1887\u201388 was the 15th season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0025-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1887\u201388 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the 15th time and also competed in the Ayrshire Cup, Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup and Ayr Charity Cup. The first round of the Scottish Cup saw an 8\u20132 win against Ayr Thistle at Rugby Park. Kilmarnock received a bye in the second round and In the third round, Killie drew 2\u20132 against Dykebar before winning the replay 9\u20131. The fourth round saw Kilmarnock knocked out by Partick Thistle after a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0026-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1887\u201388 season, Overview\nIn the first round of the Ayrshire Cup, Kilmarnock set a new record for the club's biggest victory when they defeated Burnfoothill 13\u20130. It was only the second time the team had scored 10 or more goals in a single game. Maybole \u2013 a team who Kilmarnock would also put 13 goals past in the Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup later in the season \u2013 were defeated 2\u20130 in the second round before Kilmarnock's Ayrshire Cup journey was ended by a 2\u20131 defeat to Kilbirnie at Parkfoot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0027-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1887\u201388 season, Overview\nThere were contrasting fates in the two charity cup competitions despite reaching the final in both. Kilmarnock lifted the Ayr Charity Cup for the first time after thumping Ayr 5\u20131 but the final of the Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup went unplayed after Kilmarnock refused to play just five days after their semi-final replay victory over Kilmarnock Thistle. As a result, the cup was awarded to Hurlford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0028-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1887\u201388 season, Overview\nFor the first time, Kilmarnock played in vertical stripes however these were black and white rather than the now-traditional blue and white stripes which were first introduced in 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0029-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1888\u201389 season\nSeason 1888\u201389 was the 16th season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0030-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1888\u201389 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the 16th time and also competed in the Ayrshire Cup, Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup, Ayr Charity Cup and Glasgow Exhibition Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0031-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1888\u201389 season, Overview\nIn the early-season Glasgow Exhibition Trophy - a one-off tournament held to coincide with the International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry - Kilmarnock lost their first round tie to Kilbirnie in a replay. It would be the first of four tournaments that Kilbirnie would eliminate Kilmarnock from over the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0032-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1888\u201389 season, Overview\nThe Scottish Cup was the second of them. After a convincing 5\u20130 first round win against Lugar Boswell, Killie lost 3\u20131 at home against Kilbirnie in the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0033-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1888\u201389 season, Overview\nKilmarnock were involved in a marathon of an Ayrshire Cup campaign which saw them play nine matches before being eliminated in the semi-finals. An 11\u20131 first round win over Stewarton Cunninghame was followed by a 4\u20130 win over Mauchline in the second round. After two draws and a protested match, Kilmarnock eventually saw off Irvine in the third round with a 3\u20130 win at the neutral Somerset Park. The semi-final against Hurlford also reached a second replay after two draws but this time it was Hurlford who would advance with a 3\u20131 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0034-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1888\u201389 season, Overview\nIn both charity cup competitions, Kilmarnock were due to play Kilbirnie in the semi-finals. However, after Ayr and Hurlford were disqualified from Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup, the semi-final tie became the final. Kilbirnie won 4\u20132 to lift the trophy and then, just a week later, they also knocked Kilmarnock out of the Ayr Charity Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0035-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1889\u201390 season\nSeason 1889\u201390 was the 17th season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026825-0036-0000", "contents": "1880s Kilmarnock F.C. seasons, 1889\u201390 season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the 17th time and also competed in the Ayrshire Cup and Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup. In all three competitions, Kilmarnock were eliminated by Annbank in their first match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026826-0000-0000", "contents": "1880s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1880 season\nThere were 3\u00a0typhoons in the western Pacific in 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026826-0001-0000", "contents": "1880s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1881 season\nThere were 22\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1881, 21 of which intensified into typhoons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026826-0002-0000", "contents": "1880s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1881 season\nIn October, a powerful typhoon hit what is now the Philippines, before curving around Hainan Island and devastating Haiphong, Vietnam. Up to 300,000 people were killed by the typhoon, tying it for the tied second deadliest tropical cyclone on record. With 20,000 fatalities in the Philippines, the typhoon is also the deadliest there on record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026826-0003-0000", "contents": "1880s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1882 season\nThere were 12\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1882, 11 of which intensified into typhoons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026826-0004-0000", "contents": "1880s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1883 season\nThere were 16\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1883, 15 of which intensified into typhoons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026826-0005-0000", "contents": "1880s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1884 season\nThere were 14\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026826-0006-0000", "contents": "1880s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1885 season\nThere were 9\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026826-0007-0000", "contents": "1880s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1886 season\nThere were 15\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026826-0008-0000", "contents": "1880s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1887 season\nThere were 21\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026826-0009-0000", "contents": "1880s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1888 season\nThere were 13\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026826-0010-0000", "contents": "1880s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1889 season\nThere were 12\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026827-0000-0000", "contents": "1880s in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the decade 1880\u20131889 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0000-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion\n1880s fashion in the in Western and Western-influenced countries is characterized by the return of the bustle. The long, lean line of the late 1870s was replaced by a full, curvy silhouette with gradually widening shoulders. Fashionable waists were low and tiny below a full, low bust supported by a corset. The Rational Dress Society was founded in 1881 in reaction to the extremes of fashionable corsetry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0001-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Overview\nAs in the previous decade, emphasis remained on the back of the skirt, with fullness gradually rising from behind the knees to just below the waist. The fullness in back was balanced by a fuller, lower chest, achieved by rigid corseting, creating an S-shaped silhouette, foreshadowing the more radical form of this shape that would become popular in the early 1900s. These gowns typically did not have a long train in the back, which was different from the gowns worn in the 1870s, and were extremely tight. They were known as the \"hobble-skirt\" due to the tightness of them. Winter gowns were made in darker hues whereas summer ones were made in lighter colors. Velvet was also a very popular fabric used during this period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0002-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Overview\nSkirts were looped, draped, or tied up in various ways, and worn over matching or contrasting colored underskirts. The polonaise was a revival style based on a fashion of the 1780s, with a fitted, cutaway overdress caught up and draped over an underskirt. Long, jacket-like fitted bodices called basques were also popular for clothing during the day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0003-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Overview\nEvening gowns were sleeveless and low-necked (except for matrons), and were worn with long over the elbow or shoulder length gloves of fine kidskin or suede.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0004-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Overview\nChoker necklaces and jewelled collars were fashionable under the influence of Alexandra, Princess of Wales, who wore this fashion to disguise a scar on her neck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 51], "content_span": [52, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0005-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Underwear\nThe bustle returned to fashion and reached its greatest proportions c. 1886\u20131888, extending almost straight out from the back waist to support a profusion of drapery, frills, swags, and ribbons. The fashionable corset created a low, full bust with little separation of the breasts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0006-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Underwear\nA usual type of undergarment was called combinations, a camisole with attached knee- or calf-length drawers, worn under the corset, bustle, and petticoat. Woolen combinations were recommended for health, especially when engaging in fashionable sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0007-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Outerwear\nRiding habits had become a \"uniform\" of matching jacket and skirt worn with a high-collared shirt or chemisette, with a top hat and veil. They were worn without bustles, but the cut of the jacket followed the silhouette of the day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0008-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Outerwear\nIn contrast, hunting costumes were far more fashionably styled, with draped ankle-length skirts worn with boots or gaiters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0009-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Outerwear\nTailored costumes consisting of a long jacket and skirt were worn for travel or walking; these were worn with the bustle and a small hat or bonnet. Travelers wore long coats like dusters to protect their clothes from dirt, rain, and soot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0010-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Aesthetic dress\nArtistic or Aesthetic dress remained an undercurrent in Bohemian circles throughout the 1880s. In reaction to the heavy drapery and rigid corseting of mainstream Paris fashion, aesthetic dress focused on beautiful fabrics made up simply, sometimes loosely fitted or with a belt at the waist. Aesthetic ideas influenced the tea gown, a frothy confection increasingly worn in the home, even to receive visitors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 58], "content_span": [59, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0011-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Hairstyles and headgear\nHair was usually pulled back at the sides and worn in a low knot or cluster of ringlets; later hair was swept up to the top of the head. Fringe or bangs remained fashionable throughout the decade, usually curled or frizzled over the forehead, often called \"Josephine Curls.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 66], "content_span": [67, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0012-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Hairstyles and headgear\nBonnets resembled hats except for their ribbons tied under the chin; both had curvy brims. Sometimes people wore ribbons too.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 66], "content_span": [67, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0013-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats, jackets, and trousers\nThree piece suits, \"ditto suits\", consisting of a sack coat with matching waistcoat (U.S. vest) and trousers (called in the UK a \"lounge suit\") continued as an informal alternative to the contrasting frock coat, waistcoat and trousers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0014-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats, jackets, and trousers\nThe cutaway morning coat was still worn for formal day occasions in Europe and major cities elsewhere, with a dress shirt and an ascot tie. The most formal evening dress remained a dark tail coat and trousers with a dark waistcoat. Evening wear was worn with a white bow tie and a shirt with a winged collar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0015-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats, jackets, and trousers\nIn mid-decade, a more relaxed formal coat appeared: the dinner jacket or tuxedo, which featured a shawl collar with silk or satin facings, and one or two buttons. Dinner jackets were appropriate when \"dressing for dinner\" at home or at a men's club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0016-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats, jackets, and trousers\nThe Norfolk jacket was popular for shooting and rugged outdoor pursuits. It was made of sturdy tweed or similar fabric and featured paired box pleats over the chest and back, with a fabric belt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0017-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats, jackets, and trousers\nFull -length trousers were worn for most occasions; tweed or woollen breeches were worn for hunting and other outdoor pursuits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0018-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats, jackets, and trousers\nKnee-length topcoats, often with contrasting velvet or fur collars, and calf-length overcoats were worn in winter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0019-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats, jackets, and trousers\nBy the 1880s the majority of the working class, even shepherds, adopted jackets and waistcoats in fustian and corduroy with corduroy trousers, giving up their smock frocks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0020-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Shirts and neckties\nShirt collars were turned over or pressed into \"wings\". Dress shirts had stiff fronts, sometimes decorated with shirt studs, and buttoned up the back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 60], "content_span": [61, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0021-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Shirts and neckties\nThe usual necktie was the four-in-hand and or the newly fashionable Ascot tie, made up as a neckband with wide wings attached and worn with a stickpin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 60], "content_span": [61, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0022-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Shirts and neckties\nNarrow ribbon ties were tied in a bow, and white bowtie was correct with formal evening wear.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 60], "content_span": [61, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0023-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Accessories\nAs in the 1870s, top hats remained a requirement for upper class formal wear; bowlers and soft felt hats in a variety of shapes were worn for more casual occasions, and flat straw boaters were worn for yachting and other nautical pastimes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0024-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Accessories\nShoes of the 1880s had higher heels and a narrow toe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0025-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Children's fashion\nYoung girls wore dresses with round collars and sashes. Fashionable dresses had dropped waists. Pinafores were worn for work and play. When going out, especially in the winter, girls wore many layers to keep warm. A warm coat was worn with kid leather gloves. Gloves were worn under a muff hand warmer, so when the girl removed her hands from the muff, her gloves would keep them warm. Just like ladies, all upper-class Victorian girls wore gloves when going out. A hat or bonnet was worn as well, along with long, knee-length button-up boots or shorter boots with gaiters to give the appearance of wearing long boots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026828-0026-0000", "contents": "1880s in Western fashion, Children's fashion\nOlder boys wore knee-length breeches and jackets with round-collared shirts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026829-0000-0000", "contents": "1880s in film\nThe decade of the 1880s in film involved some significant events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026829-0001-0000", "contents": "1880s in film, Births\nThis a list of actors and filmmakers who were born between years 1880 and 1884. See also:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026830-0000-0000", "contents": "1880s in sociology\nThe following events related to sociology occurred in the 1880s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026830-0001-0000", "contents": "1880s in sociology, 1881\nPierre Guillaume Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric le Play creates the sociological magazine La Reforme Sociale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 24], "content_span": [25, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026832-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1880\u201381 season was the eighth Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026832-0001-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nFollowing some easy wins in the early rounds, and two impressive away victories in the quarter and semi finals, against Rangers and local rivals Vale of Leven respectively, Dumbarton reach their first Scottish Cup final. In the first playing of the final, Queen's Park defeated Dumbarton by the odd goal in three, but after a successful protest due to 'crowd encroachment', a replay was ordered. However despite good play in the second game, Dumbarton were well beaten losing 1-3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026832-0002-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Dumbarton F.C. season, Glasgow Charity Cup\nDumbarton were again invited to take part in the Glasgow Charity Cup but were heavily defeated in the semi final by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026832-0003-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDumbarton's fixture list for the season included home and away ties against the Ayrshire Cup holders, Beith and the first club 'tour' of the north of England was undertaken during the New Year holidays with a further match being played against Blackburn Rovers during the Easter break. In all, 19 'friendly' matches were played during the season, of which 13 were won, 2 drawn and 4 lost, scoring 62 goals and conceding 26.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026832-0004-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOf note amongst those donning the club's colours for the first time were James Liddle, James McAulay and Michael Paton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026832-0005-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026832-0006-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International Cap\nInternational trial matches were played on 26 February and 5 March 1881 to consider selection of teams to represent Scotland in the upcoming games against England and Wales. Jock Hutcheson, Andrew Kennedy, John Kennedy, Joe Lindsay, James McAulay, William McKinnon, James Meikleham and Peter Miller all took part.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026832-0007-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International Cap\nAs a result Dumbarton's Joe Lindsay picked up his second and third caps playing for Scotland against England and Wales respectively. McKinnon was selected as a reserve.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026832-0008-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative Match\nRobert Brown, John Kennedy, Joe Lindsay, William McKinnon and Peter Miller were all selected to play in the Scotch Counties team which played Birmingham & District on 19 February 1881. The 'Scotch' men won 6-0 with both Brown and Lindsay scoring twice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026833-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 FA Cup\nThe 1880\u201381 Football Association Challenge Cup was the tenth staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. Sixty-two teams entered, eight more than the previous season, although four of the sixty-two never played a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026834-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nSeason 1880\u201381 was the sixth season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the sixth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026834-0001-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts reached the fifth round of the Scottish Cup losing to Arthurlie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026834-0002-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts reached the third round of the Edinburgh FA Cup losing to city rival Hibs. On the way Hearts recorded their biggest known victory against Anchor winning 21\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026835-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Hibernian F.C. season\nSeason 1880\u201381 was the fourth in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the fourth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026835-0001-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nHibs reached the third round of the Scottish Cup, losing 5\u20133 to Edinburgh derby rivals Hearts. The match was played in the Powderhall area of Edinburgh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches\nThe 1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches were a series of international rugby union friendlies held between the England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales national rugby union teams. This season is most notable for the introduction of Wales as an international rugby union nation, playing their first ever match in a game against England. Although Wales were humiliated by a crushing defeat it did not stop rugby union being adopted by Wales as the country's national sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0001-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches\nThe only recognised competition held between the countries was the annual Calcutta Cup match, contested between England and Scotland. It was the third challenge for the Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0002-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0003-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nEngland: A. N. Hornby (Manchester), C. M. Sawyer (Broughton), L Stokes (Blackheath) capt., WR Richardson (Manchester), HH Taylor (Blackheath), JI Ward (Richmond), CWL Fernandes (Leeds), Charles Gurdon (Richmond), C Phillips (Birkenhead Park), GF Vernon (Blackheath), JJ Ravenscroft (Birkenhead Park), George Burton (Blackheath), HC Rowley (Manchester), ET Gurdon (Richmond), WW Hewitt (Queen's House)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 74], "content_span": [75, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0004-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nIreland: T Harrison (Queen's College, Cork), W Peirce (Queen's College, Cork), WW Pike (Kingstown), HF Spunner (Tipperary), M Johnston (Dublin University), AJ Forrest (Dublin University) capt., DR Browning (Wanderers), JCS Burkitt (Queen's College, Cork), F Kennedy (Wanderers), HB Morell (Dublin University), WEA Cummins (Queen's College, Cork), WA Wallis (Dublin University), AR McMullen (Queen's College, Cork), G Scriven (Dublin University), H Purdon (NIFC)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 74], "content_span": [75, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0005-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nEngland continued their experiment, which it began in 1880, of holding international matches in the North of England, after disappointing crowds in the South. England brought in five new caps, four into the pack, but it was their experienced backs of Hornby and Stokes that continued to cause their opponents the most problems. The game itself was one sided, with Henry Taylor scoring England's very first hat-trick of tries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 74], "content_span": [75, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0006-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nIreland: RE McLean(Dublin University), JC Bagot Lansdowne, WW Pike (Kingstown), HF Spunner (Tipperary), M Johnston (Dublin University), AJ Forrest (Dublin University) capt., DR Browning (Wanderers), JW Taylor (NIFC), J Johnston (Belfast Acads. ), HB Morell (Dublin University), JA McDonald (Methodist College, Belfast), WA Wallis (Dublin University), AR McMullen (Queen's College, Cork), RW Hughes (NIFC), H Purdon (NIFC)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0007-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nScotland: Thomas Begbie (Edinburgh Wanderers), Bill Maclagan (Edinburgh Academical), Ninian Finlay (Edinburgh Academical), RC MacKenzie (Edinburgh Academical), Pat Smeaton (Edinburgh Academical), James Campbell (Glasgow Academical), David McCowan (West of Scotland), Charles Reid (Edinburgh Academical), David Cassels (West of Scotland), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academical) capt., Bryce Allan (Glasgow Academical), John Junor (Glasgow Academical), George Robb (Glasgow University), Archibald Walker (West of Scotland), John Blair Brown (Glasgow Academical)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0008-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nWith the Irish Rugby Football Union founded in 1879, and centres founded in Leinster, Munster and Ulster, a united Irish rugby-playing community celebrated their first international win with victory over Scotland. The Ireland dropped goal came from John Bagot, in his last appearance for his country. Despite the loss, Scotland showed the way forward by introducing a three-man three-quarter line for the first time at an international level; and also brought in Charles Reid, a teenager from Edinburgh Academy. Reid was the first schoolboy to play in a forward position in an international match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0009-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Wales\nEngland: TW Fry (Queen's House), R Hunt (Manchester), L Stokes (Blackheath), capt., HT Twynam (Richmond), HH Taylor (Blackheath), Charles Plumpton Wilson (Cambridge University), CWL Fernandes (Leeds), Charles Gurdon (Richmond), A Budd (Blackheath), Harry Vassall (Oxford University), H Fowler (Walthamstow), George Burton (Blackheath), HC Rowley (Manchester), ET Gurdon (Richmond), WW Hewitt (Queen's House)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0010-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Wales\nWales: Charlie Newman (Newport), Richard Summers (Haverfordwest), James Bevan (Cambridge Uni. and Newport) capt., Edward Peake (Newport and Chepstow), Leonard Watkins (Llandaff and Cardiff), Edward John Lewis (Llandovery College), Barry Girling (Cardiff), Aneurin Rees (Llandovery College), Frank Purdon (Swansea) B. B. Mann (Cardiff), Edward Treharne (Cowbridge Grammar School and Pontypridd), Godfrey Darbishire (Bangor), William David Phillips (Cardiff), Richard Garnons Williams (Brecon and Newport), George Frederick Harding (Newport)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0011-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Wales\nAfter the inability of the South Wales Football Union to successfully organise matches with teams from other countries, Richard Mullock, secretary of Newport Athletics Club, managed to arrange an international with the Rugby Football Union, between a Wales XV and England. With a date set, Mullock now needed an international team. The group of players brought together to form the very first Wales team were selected for their geographic spread, to appease as many regions of the country as possible; and their academic pedigree.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0011-0001", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Wales\nWithout first playing a trial game together, the team had little cohesion with players not only meeting for the first time, but with many also playing out of their normal position. Even with these problems, the result was still shocking, with the England team scoring 7 goals, 6 tries and a dropped goal to nil, 82-0 by modern scoring. One of the Welsh players was later reported as saying that the team was \"...lucky to get nil.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0012-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Wales\nThe fallout from the match, saw hostile editorials and letters in the Welsh press. The SWFU distanced themselves from the match, stating that the Welsh team was a private enterprise conducted by Mullock; but when Mullock pushed forward to set up a Welsh union later that year the clubs went with him, preferring his positive style over the SWFU's inaction. The 12 March 1881 saw the creation of the Welsh Rugby Union, with Mullock installed as secretary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0013-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nScotland: Thomas Begbie (Edinburgh Wanderers), Bill Maclagan (Edinburgh Academical), Ninian Finlay (Edinburgh Academical), RC MacKenzie (Glasgow Academical), Andrew Ramsay Don-Wauchope (Cambridge University), James Campbell (Glasgow Academical), Robert Ainslie (Edinburgh Inst. F.P. ), Charles Reid (Edinburgh Academy), JW Fraiser (Edinburgh Inst. F.P. ), JHS Graham (Edinburgh Academical) capt., D McCowan (West of Scotland), Robert Maitland (Edinburgh Inst. F.P. ), Thomas Ainslie (Edinburgh Inst. F.P. ), William Peterkin (Edinburgh University), JB Brown (Glasgow Academical)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0014-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nEngland: A. N. Hornby (Manchester), R Hunt (Manchester), L Stokes (Blackheath) capt., HC Rowley (Manchester), FT Wright (Manchester)/(Edinburgh Academy), Charles Coates (Leeds), CWL Fernandes (Leeds), Charles Gurdon (Richmond), A Budd (Blackheath), Harry Vassall (Oxford University), H Fowler (Walthamstow), George Burton (Blackheath), WW Hewitt (Queen's House), ET Gurdon (Richmond), C Phillips (Birkenhead Park)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026836-0015-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nThe third contest for the Calcutta Cup ended in a draw with a goal and a try scored by both sides. Edinburgh Academy had the distinction of supplying a player on both sides during the game, with Charles Reid representing Scotland, and Frank Wright being drafted into the England squad when the team turned up a player short, when one of their players missed the train. The match was also notable for being the last international game for Lennard Stokes, who retired from rugby to concentrate on his medical career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026837-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Irish Cup\nThe 1880\u201381 Irish Cup was the inaugural edition of the premier knock-out cup competition in Irish football. The competition began on 5 February 1881 with the first round and ended on 9 April 1881 with the final. Moyola Park were the first winners of the competition, and they have never won it since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026837-0001-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Irish Cup\nThe competition was played in a straight knock-out format. If a match ended level at full time, a replay was required to decide the winner. The very first Irish Cup replay was between Cliftonville and Knock on 26 March 1881. William Morrow of Moyola Park scored the very first goal in an Irish Cup final during his club's 1\u20130 win over Cliftonville to lift the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026837-0002-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Irish Cup, First round\nThe draw for the first round was made on 10 January 1881, with the matches played on Saturday, 5 February 1881. Alexander received a bye into the semi-finals as a result of the odd number of seven participants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026837-0003-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Irish Cup, Semi-finals\nThe 3 first round winners entered this round, along with Alexander. The matches took place on Saturday, 12 March 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026837-0004-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Irish Cup, Final\nThe inaugural Irish Cup final was played on 9 April 1881 at the Cliftonville Cricket Ground, Belfast in front of 1,500 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026838-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Morton F.C. season\nThe 1880\u201381 season was Morton Football Club's fourth season in which they competed at a national level, entering the inaugural Scottish Cup. The club competed in the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026839-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Northwich Victoria F.C. season\nThe 1880\u201381 season was Northwich Victoria's 7th season, however the club was not a member of an organised league and played only challenge matches organised on an ad hoc basis. The club won the Cheshire Senior Cup, then known as the Cheshire County Football Association Challenge Cup, for the second successive season. They also participated in the Welsh Cup for the third time, reaching the semi-final. The side was captained by Matthew Earlam for the 7th successive season. He was also the joint top goalscorer for the season with 8 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026839-0001-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Northwich Victoria F.C. season, First-team squad\nThis is the squad who won the Cheshire County Football Association Challenge Cup (Cheshire Senior Cup).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026839-0002-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Northwich Victoria F.C. season, First-team squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026840-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1880\u201381 season is the 7th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026841-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Cup\nThe 1880\u201381 Scottish Cup \u2013 officially the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup \u2013 was the eighth season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Defending champions Queen's Park retained the cup and won the competition for the fifth time after they beat Dumbarton 3\u20131 in a replayed final which saw Dr John Smith score the first Scottish Cup final hat-trick on 9 April 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026841-0001-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Cup, Calendar\nAs with the previous competitions, the eighth edition of the Scottish Cup took on the format of a traditional knockout tournament. For the earlier rounds, the names of competing teams were placed into lots according to their districts and drawn into pairs. The home team for each tie was determined by the toss of a coin unless it was mutually agreed or only one of the two clubs drawn against one another had a private ground. In the event of a draw, the team who lost the toss would have the choice of ground for the replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026841-0001-0001", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Cup, Calendar\nA similar procedure was used for subsequent rounds however, any club which had received a bye in the previous round would first be drawn against one of the winners of the previous round. The names of winning teams were placed into one lot for later rounds. The choice of venue for the final matches was reserved to the Scottish Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026841-0002-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 135 teams entered the competition in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026841-0003-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Cup, First round\nGlengowan, Hibernian, Lenzie, Possil Bluebell and Vale of Leven received a bye to the second round. Glasgow University and Edinburgh University received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026841-0004-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Cup, Second round\nCartside, Heart of Midlothian and Lenzie received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026841-0005-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Cup, Third round\nClarkston, Edinburgh University, Glasgow University and South Western received a bye to the fourth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026842-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1880-81 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026842-0001-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026842-0002-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Districts season, History\nOn 18 October 1880 the Honorary Secretary of the Scottish Rugby Union, Nat Brewis, announced a new District fixture: the North of Scotland District versus the South of Scotland District. The new fixture was scheduled for 1 January 1881. The teams were announced on 31 December 1880. However there are no reports of the match coming to fruition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026842-0003-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Districts season, History\nNil-Nil at half time, the Inter-City match changed when Glasgow's Malcom Cross left the field injured. At the time there were no substitutes and Glasgow had to play with 14 men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026842-0004-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe East v West was postponed due to frost, but re-scheduled for 5 February 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026842-0005-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Districts season, History\nWriting in October 1942 in The Scotsman, E. D. H. Sewell states that referees came into the game in 1885-86 season; before that the captains ran the match; after that two umpires one chosen from each team. But it can be seen from the refereeing appointment of Nat Brewis in the East v West district match that referees were chosen well before that season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026842-0006-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nGlasgow District: A. J. W. Reid (West of Scotland), M. Cross (Glasgow Academicals) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026842-0006-0001", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\ncaptain], R. C. Mackenzie (Glasgow Academicals), D. W. Kidston (Glasgow Academicals), J. A. Campbell (Glasgow Academicals) , H. Moncrieff (West of Scotland), B. Allan (Glasgow Academicals), J. B. Brown (Glasgow Academicals),  J. E. Junor (Glasgow Academicals), R. Menzies (Southern), D. Y. Cassells (West of Scotland),  D. McCowan (West of Scotland), J. Adam (West of Scotland), G. H. Robb (Glasgow University), R. Young (Glasgow University)Edinburgh District: B. Cunningham (Institution F. P.), Thomas Begbie (Edinburgh Wanderers), N. J. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), W. H. Masters (Institution F.P. ), P. W. Smeaton (Edinburgh Academicals), A. G. Petrie (Royal HSFP) [ captain], G. C. Alexander (Edinburgh Wanderers), H. M. Davidson (Royal HSFP), W. Somerville (Institution F.P. ), J. H. S. Graham (Edinburgh Academicals), T. Ainslie (Institution F. P.), C. Reid (Edinburgh Academicals), R. S. F. Henderson (Edinburgh University),  H. E. Jones (Edinburgh Wanderers), William Peterkin (Edinburgh University)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 1065]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026842-0007-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nEast:  B. A. Cunningham (Edinburgh Institution F.P.) (back)\u00a0; Thomas Begbie (Edinburgh Wanderers), N. J. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), (half backs); W. H. Masters (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), P. W. Smeaton (Edinburgh Academicals) (quarter backs)\u00a0; A. G. Petrie (captain), H. M. Davidson (Royal HSFF.P. ), J. H. S. Duncan, C. Reid (Edinburgh Academicals), G. Alexander. (Wanderers). R. Ainslie, D. Somerville, Robert Maitland (Edinburgh Institution, F.P. ), R. S. F. Henderson (Edinburgh University), William Peterkin (Edinburgh University) (forwards).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026842-0007-0001", "contents": "1880\u201381 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nWest: J. S. Carrick (Glasgow Academicals) (back), R. C. Mackenzie (captain), D. W. Kidston (Glasgow Academicals), R. Steele (Greenock Wanderers) (half backs)\u00a0; J. A. Campbell, A. B Graham (Glasgow Academicals) (quarter backs); B. Allan, R. G. Allan, J. B. Brown (Glasgow Academicals), David Cassels (West of Scotland), David McCowan (West of Scotland). J. B. Gemmell, R. E. Menzies (Southern). A. L. M'Clure (Greenock Wanderers), George Robb (Glasgow University)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026843-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 Welsh Cup, First round\n1First match was protested by Newtown WS regarding referee eligibility. Shrewsbury Engineers had won the first match 1-0.2One goal for Wrexham was disputed", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026844-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season\nThe 1880\u201381 season was the third season in the history of West Bromwich Albion Football Club. During the season, Albion played their home matches at Cooper's Hill and Dartmouth Park and were captained by Jimmy Stanton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026844-0001-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Matches\nThough yet to start playing competitive football, West Bromwich Albion did take part in a number of friendly matches throughout the season. On 29 January 1881, Billy Bisseker scored three times in the 5\u20130 win against Hockley Belmont; this was the first recorded hat-trick by an Albion player. The record of the club's matches during their early years is not complete, for example the score from the match against West Bromwich Royal was not recorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026845-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 in English football\nThe 1880\u201381 season was the tenth season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026845-0001-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 in English football, International matches\nEngland played their first home match outside London when they hosted Wales at Alexandra Meadows in Blackburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026845-0002-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026846-0000-0000", "contents": "1880\u201381 in Scottish football\nThe 1880\u201381 season was the eighth season of competitive football in Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026847-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\n1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1881st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 881st  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 81st  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  2nd   year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1881, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026848-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Amherst football team\nThe 1881 Amherst football team represented the Amherst College during the 1881 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026849-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Argyle colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Argyle on 9 December 1881 because of the death of Phillip Myers on 16 November 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026850-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlanta washerwomen strike\nThe Atlanta washerwomen strike of 1881 was a labor strike in Atlanta involving washerwomen. Beginning in July 1881, the strike was carried out primarily by African American women who argued for increased wages and greater autonomy in their work. The strike ended in August with some success for the strikers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026850-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlanta washerwomen strike, Background\nIn Atlanta following the Civil War, many African American women were employed as washerwomen, also known as laundresses. There were more African American women employed as washerwomen than in any other domestic work, representing over half of their total workforce. Many of those employed in this field made between $4 to $8 per month.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026850-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlanta washerwomen strike, Background\nIn July 1881, several washerwomen in the city founded the Washing Society. At the first meeting, held in a local black church, officials were elected and a uniform rate for washerwomen was decided. While initially consisting of only 20 washerwomen, within three weeks the Washing Society boasted 3,000 members. Society members engaged in door-to-door canvassing and garnered support from several of the black churches in the city. On July 19, the Washing Society declared a strike, demanding higher wages. Additionally, they wanted a flat rate of $1 per twelve pounds of laundry and greater work autonomy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026850-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlanta washerwomen strike, Course of the strike\nThe strike began several weeks before the start of the International Cotton Exposition, a world's fair in Atlanta that was expected to bring a significant number of visitors to the city. The strikers received significant resistance from white authorities and businesspeople in the city. The Atlanta Constitution (which American historian Tera Hunter has called \"the opposition's unofficial mouthpiece\") was initially dismissive of the strike, though as the strike continued, they began to acknowledge the strength of the strikers. Many strikers were arrested or fined over the course of the strike action.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026850-0003-0001", "contents": "1881 Atlanta washerwomen strike, Course of the strike\nThe Atlanta City Council also threatened to impose a business tax on the washerwomen, and many of the strikers' landlords raised their tenants rates. In one such case, a striker who couldn't afford to pay one of the fines was sentenced to 40 days of working on a chain gang. Despite this, the strike continued and spurred labor disputes with other domestic workers in the city. During the strike, African American waiters at the National Hotel refused to work until their wages were increased.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026850-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlanta washerwomen strike, Course of the strike\nIn early August, five hundred women strikers met at Wheat Street Baptist Church to discuss the strike. Shortly thereafter, on August 3, the strikers issued an ultimatum to mayor James W. English, saying they would pay a license fee of $25 \"as a protection so we can control the washing for the city\", but would continue to strike if their demands for higher wages were not met. Following this ultimatum, the city acquiesced and allowed the washerwomen greater autonomy and higher rates in exchange for a $25 license fee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026850-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlanta washerwomen strike, Aftermath\nThe strike is one of several organized by domestic workers in the Southern United States during this time, being preceded by strikes in Galveston, Texas in 1877 and Jackson, Mississippi in 1866, though neither was larger than the Atlanta strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026850-0006-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlanta washerwomen strike, Aftermath\nIn analyzing the success of the strike, Hunter cited that while some washerwomen saw wage increases, many did not, and low wages would continue to be an issue between washerwomen and their employers. Additionally, Hunter cited the fact that a second strike was threatened to take place during the International Cotton Exposition, though this never came to fruition. However, others have noted that the strike, significant for involving African American women during the early Jim Crow era, was successful in demonstrating the impact of black labor, and domestic work in particular, in the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026851-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1881 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and early fall of 1881. This is the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. In the 1881 Atlantic season there were three tropical storms and four hurricanes, none of which became major hurricanes (Category 3+). However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026851-0000-0001", "contents": "1881 Atlantic hurricane season\nAn undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. Of the known 1881 cyclones, Hurricane Three and Tropical Storm Seven were both first documented in 1996 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz. They also proposed changes to the known tracks of Hurricane Four and Hurricane Five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026851-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlantic hurricane season, Season Summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) recognizes seven tropical cyclones for the 1881 season. In the 1881 Atlantic season there were three tropical storms, two Category 1 hurricanes and two Category 2 hurricanes. Five of these storms were active in August and two in September. No major hurricanes, Category 3 or greater, are known for this year. Tropical Storm One impacted Mississippi in the first week of August. Later that month, Tropical Storm Two hit Corpus Christi, Texas. At the same time in mid-August, Hurricane Three, a Category 1 hurricane was active in the tropical Atlantic without making a landfall anywhere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026851-0001-0001", "contents": "1881 Atlantic hurricane season, Season Summary\nA tropical storm developed into Hurricane Four, a Category 1 hurricane, on August 19 north-east of the Bahamas. It became extratropical on August 21. Hurricane Five was the most destructive storm of 1881. It impacted the Georgia coast on August 27 as a Category 2 hurricane and was responsible for a large loss of life. Hurricane Six was a Category 2 hurricane that uprooted trees and demolished several buildings across North Carolina and Virginia in September. The last storm of the year was Tropical Storm Seven. It was active between September 18 and September 24, to the northwest of Bermuda, without making landfall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026851-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nA tropical storm formed on August\u00a01 to the northwest of the western tip of Cuba. It tracked northward, and hit Mississippi before dissipating on August\u00a04.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026851-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nA tropical storm hit Corpus Christi, Texas in the middle of August, but caused no reported deaths. Signals were blown down at the harbor, and one boat was lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026851-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nFrom August\u00a011 to August\u00a016, a Category 1 hurricane existed in the tropical Atlantic before turning northward and weakening. It continued northward as a tropical storm throughout August\u00a017 and 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026851-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nA tropical storm developed on August\u00a016 off the eastern coast of the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula. It tracked northeastward throughout its lifetime, passing through Cuba, the Florida Keys, and the Bahamas before becoming a hurricane on August\u00a019. It weakened to a tropical storm on August\u00a021 and became extratropical the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026851-0006-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nA tropical storm moved westward through the northeastern Lesser Antilles on August\u00a022. It reached hurricane strength on August\u00a024, and continued northwestward until making landfall between St. Simons Island and Savannah, Georgia on the 27th as a Category 2 hurricane. In Savannah, the lowest pressure recorded was 29.08\u00a0inHg (984.76\u00a0mb) at 9.20 PM that evening. A wind speed of 80\u00a0mph was recorded there before the anemometer was destroyed. Landfall coincided with high tide and proved very destructive as several barrier islands were completely submerged by storm surge. The hurricane moved inland, dissipating on August\u00a029 over northwestern Mississippi. 335 people were reported as being killed in Savannah and the total death toll due to the hurricane was put at 700,making the hurricane among the deadliest to strike the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 895]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026851-0007-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nA hurricane existed north of Hispaniola on September\u00a07. It moved northwestward, reaching a peak of 100\u00a0mph prior to hitting southern North Carolina. The hurricane centre moved northward across the Wilmington\u2013Wrightsville Beach area and then close to Norfolk, Virginia, before turning out to sea. Trees were uprooted and buildings demolished at both Smithville (Southport) and Wilmington. An anemometer at Wilmington indicated wind speeds of 90\u00a0mph before it was destroyed. The hurricane weakened to a tropical storm over land, bringing heavy, yet beneficial, rain to Washington and other states. It moved out to sea, dissipating near Cape Cod.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026851-0008-0000", "contents": "1881 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven\nA tropical storm was first seen on September\u00a018 to the northwest of Bermuda. It tracked to the northeast, reaching a peak of 70\u00a0mph\u00a0(113\u00a0km/h) on the 19th while southeast of the Canadian Maritimes. It weakened over the north Atlantic, becoming extratropical on the 22nd and finally dissipating by September\u00a024.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026852-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Barcelona Workers' Congress\nThe 1881 Barcelona Workers' Congress was a congress of the workers' societies of Spain held in Barcelona in September 1881, during the reign of Alfonso XII, from which the new Federation of Workers of the Spanish Region emerged, with an anarcho-collectivist tendency, which replaced the Spanish Regional Federation of the International Workingmen's Association (FRE-AIT) founded eleven years earlier in a labor congress also held in Barcelona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026852-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nDuring the period in which the FRE-AIT operated clandestinely (1874-1881), ideological and strategic differences emerged within it. At the beginning of 1881, the possibility of legal action was glimpsed in view of the possibility that the Liberal Party of Pr\u00e1xedes Mateo Sagasta, who had promised recognition of freedom of association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026852-0001-0001", "contents": "1881 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nSo the Catalan anarcho-syndicalist group led by Josep Llunas i Pujals, Rafael Farga, Antoni Pellicer and Eudald Canivell i Masbernat tried to take advantage of the opportunity offered to put an end to the period of secrecy and proposed to change the policy of the Federal Commission, which \"had moved away from the idea of large labor movements, in favor of secret groups, supporters of direct action.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026852-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nFor this purpose, he convened an Extraordinary Regional Conference that was held from February 6 to 9, 1881 in Gr\u00e0cia which was attended by a \"regional\" delegate of the FRE and during which the Commission \u2014composed by Anselmo Lorenzo, Jos\u00e9 Garc\u00eda Vi\u00f1as, Trinidad Soriano, Nacher, and Gonz\u00e1lez Morago - was dismissed and replaced by a new one formed by the Catalan leaders, plus the Mallorcan bricklayer Francesc Tom\u00e0s Oliver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026852-0002-0001", "contents": "1881 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\n\"The history of the FRE-AIT ended here, to give way to the reconstruction of a powerful trade union movement, something that the same men of the Alliance, the Barcelona anarcho-syndicalists, professional workers, who imposed themselves on the insurrectionary anarchists not very inclined to public union action.\" Almost simultaneously the celebration of the Extraordinary Conference the liberal government of Pr\u00e1xedes Mateo Sagasta approved freedom of association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026852-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nOn July 10, some fifty workers 'societies in Catalonia - which had held a previous assembly in March - made public a manifesto, probably written by Farga Pellicer, in which they called a workers' congress of the Spanish Region in Barcelona for the end of September. Soon the \"collectivist workers\" from twenty-two towns in the rest of Spain joined the proposal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026852-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Background\nThat same month of July, a Congress of workers' societies from different countries was held in London in which an attempt was made to rebuild the Anarchist International, which was not achieved, but in which a resolution that said that \"oral and written propaganda\" should be joined \"propaganda of the deed\" and that illegalism was the only way \"that leads to revolution\", recommending resorting to the dynamite to reach it. As this resolution was totally contrary to the trade union and legal path advocated by the new management of the FRE, it decided not to disseminate the resolution in Spain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026852-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nCongress delegates declare that individual rights are by their nature imprescriptible and illegislable; that universal suffrage, right of association, freedom of the press, as well as autonomy of the individual, of the municipality, of the comarca and of the region, will not be a truth until individual property is transformed into collective property, so that, entering the workers' collectivities to take possession in usufruct of the factories, workshops, railways, machines and tools, as well as the raw materials, soil, subsoil, mines, etc., for this reason alone the economically emancipated individual remains, and therefore, in a position to agree with complete independence and to freely exercise all rights inherent to the human personality, provided that the individual fulfills the essential duty to produce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 867]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026852-0005-0001", "contents": "1881 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\n[ \u2026 ] Our organization, purely economic, is different and opposed to that of all bourgeois political parties and workers' politicians, since just as they organize themselves for the conquest of political power, we organize ourselves so that the political and legal states currently existing, are reduced to purely economic functions, establishing instead a free federation of free associations of free producers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026852-0006-0000", "contents": "1881 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nManifesto approved at the Founding Congress of the FRTE (Barcelona, September 25, 1881)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026852-0007-0000", "contents": "1881 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThe Congress was held between September 24 and 25, 1881 at the Teatro Circo de Barcelona on Montserrat Street, the same place where the Barcelona Workers' Congress of 1870 had been held. Its main agreement was the founding of the new Federation of Workers of the Spanish Region (FRTE), conforming to legality by suppressing the word \"international\", one of the reasons that had motivated the prohibition of its predecessor the FRE-AIT. 140 delegates attended representing 162 organizations from 72 localities, of which 35 were from Catalonia and 26 from Andalusia. Pablo Iglesias who had come to represent the Marxist socialist group in Madrid was not allowed to attend. In the \"Manifesto to the workers of the Spanish Region\" approved in Congress, and of which 28,500 copies were published, anti-politicalism and anarcho-collectivism were reaffirmed:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 897]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026852-0008-0000", "contents": "1881 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nWe are adversaries of all parliamentary politics and determined champions of the economic struggle, of the destructive politics of all privileges and all monopolies of this unjust organization of present society. [ \u2026 ] The Workers' Congress declares itself collectivist in terms of property, anarchist or autonomist in terms of social organization.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026852-0009-0000", "contents": "1881 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThe anarchist newspaper Le R\u00e9volte, edited in Geneva by Peter Kropotkin, enthusiastically welcomed the emergence of the FTRE, a continuation of the FRE, even stating that the workers' movement was reborn in Europe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026852-0010-0000", "contents": "1881 Barcelona Workers' Congress, Development\nThe Federal Commission was established on October 7 and was formed by the Barcelona internationalist group that had taken the initiative to end the FRE - Josep Llunas i Pujals, Rafael Farga Pellicer and Antoni Pellicer  - as well as Francesc Tom\u00e0s Oliver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026853-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election\nIn 1881, Dudley Marjoribanks, MP, was elevated to the peerage as Baron Tweedmouth. Hubert Jerningham defeated Henry Trotter by a then record margin, despite attacks on Jerningham for supporting the right of atheist Charles Bradlaugh, who had won in Northampton at the 1880 general election, to sit in Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026854-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Birthday Honours\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Wikimandia (talk | contribs) at 23:53, 17 March 2020 (link Charles Lister Ryan using Find link). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026854-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Birthday Honours\nThe 1881 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 24 May 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026854-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026855-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Boston Red Caps season\nThe 1881 Boston Red Caps season was the eleventh season of the franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026855-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026855-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026855-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026855-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026855-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026856-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1881 saw  the election of Samuel Abbott Green.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026857-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Buffalo Bisons season\nThe 1881 Buffalo Bisons finished the season with a 45\u201338 record, good for third place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026857-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Buffalo Bisons season\nA highlight from this season occurred on September 15. In a 12-inning game against Worcester, Buffalo second baseman Davy Force recorded 12 putouts, seven assists, two unassisted double plays, participated in a triple play, and made just one error in 20 chances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026857-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026857-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026857-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026857-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026858-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Buffalo mayoral election\nThe Buffalo mayoral election of 1881 saw the election of former Erie County Sheriff Grover Cleveland, who defeated architect and alderman Milton Beebe by what was considered a broad margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026858-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Buffalo mayoral election\nCleveland would not serve out his entire term as mayor, as he would be subsequently elected Governor of New York the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026859-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election\nConstitutional Assembly elections were held in Bulgaria in June 1881. The body known as the Grand National Assembly (Bulgaria: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 - Veliko Narodno Subranie) was convened for a second time in Svishtov in order to consider the amendments to the constitution proposed by prince Alexander I of Battenberg. The proposed amendments were an echo from the Conservative's requests during the first constitutional assembly elections back in 1879. The amendments proposed included restricting civil liberties, reducing the size of the National Assembly, making the franchise indirect and introducing a state council. These amendments would, in effect, suspend the constitution and turn Bulgaria into an authoritarian dictatorship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026859-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election, Campaign\nAt first the Liberal Party was not perturbed by the proposed amendments as they believed the Bulgarian people were opposed to them and stood behind the Liberal Party. Believing this would be reflected in the election results, the Liberal Party was confident it would dominate the new assembly. This confidence evaporated when Russia decided to back the prince during the election. Russian soldiers were available at the polls to \"help illiterates\" and to \"preserve order\", though they placed little restraint on pro-Battenburgist thugs who congregated around polling stations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 57], "content_span": [58, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026859-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election, Results\nHaving \"practiced all the latest modes of bulldozing known to the enlightened citizens\", the pro-Battenberg conservatives were able to secure the majority they wanted. Only two electoral districts returned liberal deputies and not all of them reached the assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026859-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election, Aftermath\nOn July 1 the GNA convened in Svishtov. The overwhelming conservative majority supported the constitutional amendments, taking less than two hours to pass all of them. The Prince Alexander had in effect carried out a coup d'\u00e9tat. Following the coup, many infuriated liberals left Bulgaria. Battenberg's regime was weak from the get-go, however, as the real power was being absorbed by the two Russian generals dispatched from Saint-Petersburg, Leonid Sobolev and Alexander Kaulbars. The regime eventually collapsed and the constitution was restored on 6 September 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 58], "content_span": [59, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026860-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 CCNY Lavender football team\nThe 1881 CCNY Lavender football team represented the City College of New York during the 1881 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026861-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Carcoar colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Carcoar on 1 December 1881 because Ezekiel Baker was expelled from the Assembly on allegations of bribery and corruption.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026862-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1881 Chicago White Stockings season was the 10th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 6th in the National League and the 4th at Lakefront Park. The White Stockings won the National League championship with a record of 56\u201328.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026862-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026862-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026862-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026862-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026863-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Chicago mayoral election\nThe Chicago mayoral election of 1881 saw Democratic incumbent Carter Harrison Sr. defeat Republican John Clark, winning a majority of the vote and a nearly twelve point margin of victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026863-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Chicago mayoral election\nUnlike in the previous mayoral election, the Socialist Labor Party's nominee did not have much of an impact.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026864-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Chilean presidential election\nThe Chilean presidential election of 1881 took place during the War of the Pacific through a system of electors, and resulted in the election as President of Domingo Santa Mar\u00eda, who was the sole candidate after Manuel Baquedano's resignation. Baquedano, nevertheless, received 12 electoral votes in Santiago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026865-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Chios earthquake\nThe 1881 Chios earthquake occurred at 13:40 local time (11:30 UTC) on 3 April. It caused severe damage on the island of Chios and also affected \u00c7e\u015fme and Ala\u00e7at\u0131 on the coast of Turkey. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.3 and there were an estimated 7,866 casualties. The devastation from the earthquake was the last of the three 'catastrophes' that affected the island of Chios in the 19th century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026865-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Chios earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe Aegean Sea is an area of mainly extensional tectonics caused by the subduction of the African Plate beneath Aegean Sea Plate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026865-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Chios earthquake, Damage\nThe town of Chios was devastated, causing many casualties, partly due to the narrowness of the streets. In the rest of the island, 25 out of the 64 villages were destroyed with another 17 badly damaged. In both \u00c7e\u015fme and Ala\u00e7at\u0131 about 40% of the houses were destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026865-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Chios earthquake, Damage\nThe number of casualties on the Turkish mainland was low, possibly due to most of the inhabitants leaving their houses to watch the passage of the passenger ship Aya Evangelistra from the shore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026865-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Chios earthquake, Characteristics\nThe epicenter of the earthquake was in the southeastern part of Chios where intensities reached IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Isoseismal maps show an elongation west to east with an area of intensity VIII (Severe) affecting the western end of the Karaburun Peninsula of the Turkish mainland. Vertical movements of up to 2.5\u00a0m (8\u00a0ft 2\u00a0in) were observed. Magnitudes ranging from Mw\u202f = 6.5  to Ms\u202f= 7.3  have been estimated for this event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026865-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 Chios earthquake, Characteristics\nA minor tsunami was reported, based on the presence of fresh sand in a garden in Chios, but there is no other information available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026865-0006-0000", "contents": "1881 Chios earthquake, Characteristics\nThere were many strong aftershocks, the most damaging being on 5 April, 11 April (2), 12 April, 13 April, 18 April, 20 May, 9 June and 26 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026865-0007-0000", "contents": "1881 Chios earthquake, Aftermath\nAfter the earthquake many of the inhabitants of Chios left the island. This followed the trend set by the other two 'catastrophes' of the 19th century that devastated the island, the massacre of Chios in 1822 and the failure of the orange crop in 1833. Together these events left most of Chios in a state of poverty and severely underpopulated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026866-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Christchurch mayoral election\nThe Christchurch mayoral election held on 30 November 1881 was contested by German-born baker, hotel proprietor and businessman George Ruddenklau, and businessman Charles Taylor. The election was won by Ruddenklau with a small margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026866-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Christchurch mayoral election, Background and campaign\nThe election was set for 30 November 1881. At the beginning of September 1881, city councillors Taylor and Aaron Ayers were discussed in the media as likely candidates for the upcoming mayoral election. On 25 November, the incumbent James Gapes announced his candidacy for a third term as mayor, as he was not satisfied with the other two contenders for the position, city councillors Charles Taylor, and George Ruddenklau. Following a requisition, Gapes arranged a public meeting at short notice for Friday, 25 November at the Gaiety Theatre in Cathedral Square, which was well attended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026866-0001-0001", "contents": "1881 Christchurch mayoral election, Background and campaign\nAt the meeting, chaired by the local member of parliament Samuel Paull Andrews, Gapes explained his political views and justified his actions over the previous twelve months. A further public meeting was held at the same venue on Monday, 28 November. Gapes, in his role as mayor, chaired the meeting, and Taylor and Ruddenklau both spoke. The candidates differed in their opinion in how the market square should be run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026866-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Christchurch mayoral election, Background and campaign\nEarlier on 28 November, Gapes had advertised that he had withdrawn from the contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026866-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Christchurch mayoral election, Candidates\nWhilst New Zealand was a young colony at the time, both candidates were regarded by some as foreigners as they did not hail from Britain. Ruddenklau was a native German, although had lived amongst English people for 30 years and had been in Christchurch since 1857. Taylor was from North America but stressed that his great-grandparents remained aligned to England after the American Revolution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026866-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Christchurch mayoral election, Candidates\nCharles Benjamin Taylor was born in 1824 in Nova Scotia. He was a timber merchant, trader, exporter and importer, owned two ships, and was a member of the chamber of commerce. From 1879, Taylor was the United States consular agent at Christchurch. He married in Christchurch in 1868, but his wife died in childbirth a year later and a further year later, he married her sister; there were seven children from that marriage. Taylor was first elected to Christchurch City Council in September 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026866-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 Christchurch mayoral election, Candidates\nJohn George Ruddenklau was born in 1829 in Hesse, Germany. He married in England and came to Christchurch in 1857. He at first worked in his profession as a baker but then set up the City Hotel. He was one of the driving forces behind the establishment of the German Church in Christchurch, which was completed in 1874. Ruddenklau was first elected onto Christchurch City Council in January 1866 and served one two-year term. He was a city councillor again in 1877 but was one of the five councillors who resigned in January 1878 in protest against William Wilson's election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026866-0006-0000", "contents": "1881 Christchurch mayoral election, Results\nThe election was won by Ruddenklau on 30 November with a 2.5% vote margin, possibly helped by the support of The Star just prior to the election. Ruddenklau was installed as the next mayor on 21 December 1881. After his one-year term, he was re-elected mayor unopposed. He retired after two terms and stood in the 1884 general election in the Stanmore electorate but was unsuccessful. Ruddenklau died in 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026866-0007-0000", "contents": "1881 Christchurch mayoral election, Results\nTaylor and his family left New Zealand in 1884 and settled in Oakland, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026867-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 City of Nelson by-election\nThe 1881 Nelson by-election was a by-election held on 7 June 1881 in the City of Nelson electorate during the 7th New Zealand Parliament. The \"show of hands\" had favoured Richmond (31 to 24).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026867-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 City of Nelson by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Acton Adams. The by-election was won by Henry Levestam. Richmond was regarded as the Government nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026868-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Cleveland Blues season\nThe 1881 Cleveland Blues finished the season at 36\u201348, seventh place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026868-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026868-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026868-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026868-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum\nThe choice of the permanent capital of the U.S. state of Colorado was put to a popular vote in 1881. The cities in active contention were: Denver, Del Norte, Colorado, Pueblo, Colorado Springs, Canon City, and Salida. The City of Denver, which had been the temporary capital since Colorado became a state in 1876, was chosen by 66 percent of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, Background\nAlthough Denver City was always the largest town in the Territory of Colorado since its recognition in 1861, and then the state, admitted to the union in 1876, there were always those in the state who opposed putting the capital in Denver. The first meeting of the Colorado territorial legislature, held in Denver in 1861, chose Colorado City (now part of Colorado Springs) as the capital. But when the legislature met in Colorado City for the first time in 1862, the facilities were so inadequate that after five days, the delegates voted to adjourn and reconvene in Denver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0001-0001", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, Background\nBut when they reconvened in Denver, they chose not to stay there, and named Golden as the territorial capital. Although Golden was officially the territorial capital, the legislature often met in Denver, because it was more of a city. In 1867, the legislature voted to move the state government to Denver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, Background\nFollowing 1867 were years of stalemate. Although Denver had enough influence to prevent the removal of the acting capital from Denver, there was also enough opposition to prevent it from being designated as the permanent capital. When Colorado drafted a constitution for admission as a state in 1876, the framers feared that if the state constitution designated any city as the permanent state capital, it would arouse enough opposition that the voters would not ratify the constitution. To solve the dilemma, the Colorado state constitution kicked the problem down the road by providing that a permanent state capital would be chosen by statewide popular vote five years later, in 1881. =)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, The contenders\nAlthough Denver was a transportation hub, and had more than twice the population of the next-largest city in Colorado, four other cities put themselves forward as sites for the capital. Denver's rivals hoped to use antipathy toward Denver to have themselves named as the capital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, The contenders\nSome of the larger towns in Colorado did not mount active campaigns for the capital. Leadville, which in 1880 census was the second-most populous town in Colorado with a population of 14,820, showed no interest in becoming state capital. Neither did Silver Cliff, then Colorado's third-largest with a population of 5,040. Golden, which had hosted the territorial government from 1862 to 1867, did not try to win back the capital in 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, The contenders, Denver\nDenver had grown considerably since it became the temporary territorial capital. It grew from 2,360 people in 1870 to 35,629 in 1880. The growth had been considerably aided by the establishment of a railroad connection in 1870, from Denver eastward, by the Kansas Pacific Railroad. This early rail connection made Denver the hub for movement of people and supplies to and from other points in Colorado. Denver was far larger than any of its rivals for state capital. Denver had enjoyed the economic stimulus of hosting the state government, and was eager to make it permanent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0005-0001", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, The contenders, Denver\nIt had the advantage of being by far the largest town in Colorado. Committees were formed to visit other parts of the state promoting Denver as the capital, and assuring other cities that Denver wanted only the capital, and in return, Denver would support the location of other institutions, such as the university and the school of mines, outside of Denver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0006-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, The contenders, Denver\nBusinessman Henry Brown offered to donate ten acres near downtown Denver for a new state capitol building, if Denver were chosen to have it. Denver supporters hailed the offer, and noted that the tract as an ideal spot, with a grand westward vista toward the mountains. Detractors noted that Brown owned more real estate in the vicinity, which would jump in value if the state capitol building were to be nearby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0007-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, The contenders, Colorado Springs\nColorado Springs was at the time the fourth most-populous town in Colorado, with 4,226 inhabitants. Founded in 1871, it was growing rapidly, and touted its more genteel atmosphere compared to Denver. Supporters noted that most older states had wisely located their capitals away from large commercial cities. Optimism took hold of the real estate market, and months before the referendum, lots near the proposed site of the capitol building in Colorado Springs sold \"at remarkably large prices.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0008-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, The contenders, Pueblo\nIn 1880, Pueblo had 3,217 inhabitants, not large enough to put it in the top five most populous towns in Colorado. But Pueblo had once come close to becoming the territorial capital. In 1874, the Colorado territorial house had passed a bill to make Pueblo the capital, but the measure was not passed by the territorial senate. The Pueblo Chieftain maintained that Pueblo was the most pleasant city to place the capital, and had plenty of good hotels and restaurants to satisfy the legislators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0009-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, The contenders, Canon City\nCanon City had a population of 1,501 in the 1880 census. It was principally a supply point on the Arkansas River for the mines and oil field. It promoted itself as having the most pleasant climate in the state. It was awarded the territorial prison after losing the contest for the Colorado state capital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0010-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, The contenders, Salida\nSalida had been founded just the preceding year, and had missed the 1880 census. The campaign for state capital consisted of editorials in Salida's weekly newspaper, the Mountain Mail. The Mail printed a distorted map of Colorado showing Salida in the exact geographical center.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0011-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, Results\nThe referendum was held on 8 November 1881. A total of 45,497 votes were counted. In each city vying for state capital, lopsided majorities voted for their hometowns. In Pueblo County, 2,039 voted for Pueblo, and just 44 for other towns. Arapahoe County, of which Denver was then the county seat, held off releasing its count until nearly all of the other counties had reported, counted 8,839 votes for Denver, which were 99.8 percent of the 8,857 ballots counted. Denver won on the first ballot, thus avoiding a runoff vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0012-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, Reactions\nDenver was widely accused of buying votes, and bribing newspaper editors to back it for the state capital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0013-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, Reactions\nThe Colorado Springs Gazette decried the \"terrible political contest in which fraud, corruption and dishonor played so important a part.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0014-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, Reactions\nThe editor of the Salida Mountain Mail congratulated Denver on its victory, and noted that Denver was a beautiful city that deserved the capital. The editor confessed that the campaign for Salida was just a publicity stunt to bring the town to public attention, and that it had succeeded. He wrote that although Denver had spent \"thousands of dollars, perhaps hundreds of thousands\" bribing newspaper editors and hiring \"bummers\" to vote for Denver, the money had performed a public service by supporting newspapers and indigent citizens across the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0015-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, Reactions\nThe Pueblo Chieftain decided that the town was better off without the capital:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0016-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, Reactions\nWe may have missed the state capital, but we have also missed the corrupting influences of a legislative lobby and our wives and our tender maidens will not be exposed to the insidious wiles of the polished member from the rural districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0017-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, Reactions, Historical myths\nSince 1881, local myths have grown that various other towns in Colorado were in serious contention to become state capital, among them: Central City, Cripple Creek, Fountain, Golden, Laporte, and Silver Cliff. The town of Cripple Creek was not even in existence until 1892, eleven years after the referendum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0018-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, Reactions, Historical myths\nInternet pages about Central City, Laporte, and Silver Cliff say that not only were those towns in serious contention to be state capital, but that those towns each lost the referendum to Denver by a single vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0019-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, Reactions, Historical myths\nDid you know Central City lost the vote to be Colorado's state capital by one vote? Yep", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0020-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, Reactions, Historical myths\nIn 1881, in a state election held to determine the location of the state capital, Denver won over Laporte by a single vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0021-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, Reactions, Historical myths\nIn 1881, a state election was held to determine the location of the state capital. Denver won over LaPorte by one vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026869-0022-0000", "contents": "1881 Colorado state capital referendum, Reactions, Historical myths\nWhen Silver Cliff was a booming mining town (if only one vote had been cast the other way, Silver Cliff would now be the state capitol and not Denver), ....", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026870-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Columbia football team\nThe 1881 Columbia football team represented Columbia University in the 1881 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026871-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Columbian University football team\nThe 1881 Columbian University football team was an American football team that represented Columbian University (now known as George Washington University) as an independent during the 1881 college football season. It was the first season in school history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026872-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Courthouse Museum\nThe 1881 Courthouse Museum is an American historical museum located in Custer, South Dakota. The museum is housed in the original Custer County Courthouse which served as a center for government in Custer County and the Dakota Territory from 1881 to 1973. In November 1972, the 3-story red-brick courthouse was designated a historic site by the U.S Department of Interior. Following completion of a new courthouse located across the street, the original building was given to the Custer County Historical Society in 1973. The 1881 Custer County Courthouse museum was opened on September 6, 1976, by the Custer Country Historical Society. The museum houses exhibits about the Lakota Native American culture, the 1874 expedition of George Custer, and the lives of Victorian-era settlers in the Black Hills and Dakota Territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 848]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026873-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Dartmouth football team\nThe 1881 Dartmouth football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1881 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026874-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Detroit Wolverines season\nIn 1881, Detroit Mayor William G. Thompson bought most of the players from the defunct Cincinnati Reds franchise and formed the Detroit Wolverines, which joined the National League. The team finished the season with a 41\u201343 record, good enough for fourth place in the NL race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026874-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026874-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026874-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026875-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 D\u00fczce Belediye\n1881 D\u00fczce Belediye is a Turkish basketball club based in D\u00fczce. It plays in the Turkish Basketball First League, the national second division. The Kal\u0131c\u0131 Konutlar Merkez Spor Salonu, which has a capacity of 2,500 people, is the home arena of the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026876-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 English cricket season\n1881 was the 95th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). There was a first outright title win by Lancashire and a strike by the Nottinghamshire professionals, led by their main bowler Alfred Shaw, over benefits and terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026876-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 English cricket season, Nottinghamshire strike\nNottinghamshire\u2019s professionals, led by Alfred Shaw, held a strike over playing contracts agreed by the MCC and secretary Captain Henry Holden. The players demanded security of contract for all games during the season and the right to organise their own terms rather than those set by the MCC, which during the 1870s as county cricket grew established a strong grip on terms for professional players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026876-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 English cricket season, Nottinghamshire strike\nThe dispute meant that seven of Nottinghamshire\u2019s top players did not play for the first half of the season, and leading batsman Arthur Shrewsbury played only three first-class games all year. Shaw and Shrewsbury used the dispute to organise an eight-month tour of Australia and New Zealand during the winter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026876-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed. The match between Middlesex and Lancashire at Lord\u2019s was cancelled because Harrow Wanderers had booked the ground on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026877-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 FA Cup Final\nThe 1881 FA Cup Final was contested by Old Carthusians and Old Etonians at the Kennington Oval. Old Carthusians won 3\u20130, the goals scored by Edward Wynyard, Edward Hagarty Parry, and Alexander Tod.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026877-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 FA Cup Final, Summary\nThe final was played at the Kennington Oval on 9 April 1881; this was the Old Carthusians first appearance in the final and the Old Etonians, on their fourth appearance, were expected to win comfortably. In the event, the Old Carthusians won convincingly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026877-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 FA Cup Final, Summary\nThe Carthusians were eventually bailed by the winners... the game from first to last was of a very fast character. The winning team was in first-rate condition, and each member seemed to thoroughly understand the other's play. This all the more creditable, as although plenty of good players yearly leave Charterhouse, the Old Carthusians is a club of comparatively recent growth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026878-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 French legislative election\nThe 1881 general election was held on 21 August and 4 September 1881. This election marked the collapse of the right compared to the 1877 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026878-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 French legislative election\nIt was a great success for the followers of L\u00e9on Gambetta, whom President Jules Gr\u00e9vy appointed premier two months after the election. His government only lasted 73 days, however, before falling over the issue of electoral reform. This led to three short-lived minority governments, until Jules Ferry was able to form a second government in February 1883 with the support of Gambetta's Republican Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026879-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Gate\nThe Class of 1881 Gate forms part of the perimeter of Harvard Yard in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Its inscription invites the reader to \"come within its gates, in order that in whole-hearted service to the truth, they may enter into life and so be free\". The gate has been locked for many years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [9, 9], "content_span": [10, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026880-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Georgetown football team\nThe 1881 Georgetown football team represented the Georgetown University during the 1881 college football season. Georgetown's official records do not include any games prior to 1887, however media guides prior to 1950 included this season's result. Despite issuing a challenge to Georgetown, the Alexandria High School team did not appear for the game, resulting in a forfeit. This marks the only win credited to Georgetown against Alexandria High School, as match-ups in 1887 and 1888 resulted in defeats for Georgetown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026881-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 German federal election\nFederal elections were held in Germany on 27 October 1881. The Centre Party became the largest party in the Reichstag, with 100 of the 397 seats, whilst the National Liberal Party, which had previously been the largest party, was reduced to 45 seats. Voter turnout was 56.3%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026882-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Grand National\nThe 1881 Grand National was the 43rd renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 25 March 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026883-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 20 December 1881. Supporters of Charilaos Trikoupis emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, with 125 of the 245 seats. Trikoupis became Prime Minister on 15 March 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026883-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Greek legislative election\nAs the first election to take place after the annexation of Thessaly, by the terms of the Convention of Constantinople, the resulting parliament was the first to feature two Muslim MPs, representing the region's sizeable Muslim minority. Nevertheless, despite the political equality guaranteed to them officially, several Muslim and Jewish citizens in Thessaly complained to the authorities that they were prevented from voting, either by being denied access to the voting stations, or not being registered in the electoral lists. The situation was further confused since the Muslim inhabitants of the area were not necessarily Greek citizens, with many opting to retain their Ottoman citizenship. In addition, according to press reports, the Ottoman authorities announced that any Muslim running for office in the elections would automatically lose their citizenship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 900]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026884-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Grey Valley by-election\nThe 1881 Grey Valley by-election was a by-election held on 16 June 1881 during the 7th New Zealand Parliament in the West Coast electorate of Grey Valley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026884-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Grey Valley by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Edward Masters on 9 May 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026885-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Haiphong typhoon\nThe 1881 Haiphong typhoon was a typhoon that struck Haiphong, in northern Dai Nam (now Vietnam), and the northern part of the Captaincy General of the Philippines (now the Philippines) on October 8, 1881. The typhoon was first detected east of Southern Luzon on September 27, 1881. The typhoon killed about 3,000\u00a0people in northern Vietnam, and 20,000 people in the Philippines, making it the deadliest typhoon to hit the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026885-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Haiphong typhoon, Meteorological history\nWhile the storm's strength is uncertain (like many disasters prior to the 20th century), records show that the storm was first detected near the Philippines in late September and the system hit Luzon on September 30. Once it was in the South China Sea, it is speculated the storm strengthened again as it entered the Gulf of Tonkin, passing very close to Hainan before it hit the city of Haiphong. The storm then began to move northwards, before exiting China. The storm would go on to hit the Korean Peninsula, and then Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026885-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Haiphong typhoon, Impacts\nThe storm killed an estimated 20,000 people in the Philippines, making it the deadliest storm in the history of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026885-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Haiphong typhoon, Impacts\nThe city of Haiphong lies about 10 miles from the coast of the Gulf of Tonkin and also on the Red River in a low elevation area (delta), connected to an access channel. The town was founded seven years before the typhoon struck. Haiphong, being a low-lying port town, was devastated both physically and economically. Its geography only worsened the damage. With the high waves and winds, rice fields were flooded, buildings were decimated (and, as a result, people either were drowned or left stranded), trees were ripped up, etc. By the time the typhoon passed, most of the town was wiped out. Then, due to the inability to operate as a port town, Haiphong's economy also took impact.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026885-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Haiphong typhoon, Impacts\nThe typhoon killed about 3,000\u00a0people in Haiphong, Vietnam. There were erroneous reports that the typhoon was the third-deadliest tropical cyclone on record with a death toll of 300,000, but this was likely due to mixing the death toll with the damage total, as the city only had a population of 18,480 in 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026885-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 Haiphong typhoon, Aftermath\nAny typhoon like the 1881 Haiphong typhoon would be a rare occurrence because its path around Hainan is what made it so strong by the time it hit Haiphong. Any typhoon like this has not happened again since 1881, but analyses predict that it may happen again. The Vietnamese government has also taken action in case of another severe typhoon hitting the area. Haiphong now has a flood defense system including dykes/levees (though not all of them are firm), a flood warning service provided by Vietnam's Meteorological Service, and evacuation plans. However, Haiphong still serves as a port (and a major one today), so any large storms will harm the economy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026886-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1881 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1881 college football season. They finished with a 6\u20131\u20131 record. The team was managed by first-year head coach, Lucius Littauer, and captained for the second year by William H. Manning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026886-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Harvard Crimson football team, Game summaries, October 31: Harvard 4, Michigan 0\nHarvard played Michigan on October 31 in the first matchup of teams from the west and east. The Boston Journal carried a lengthy article about the game, saying that Harvard scored one touchdown and Michigan none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 85], "content_span": [86, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026886-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Harvard Crimson football team, Game summaries, October 31: Harvard 4, Michigan 0\n\"Yesterday afternoon, in a drenching rain, for the first time an Eastern foot-ball eleven played with a Western eleven. The Western college boys have long wished a chance to try their powers with Eastern opponents, and, to effect this, the University of Michigan this fall have sent on a representative eleven to play the largest of the Eastern colleges. Their first opponent were the Harvard team. They were beaten but with fair weather the result would have been very uncertain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 85], "content_span": [86, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026886-0002-0001", "contents": "1881 Harvard Crimson football team, Game summaries, October 31: Harvard 4, Michigan 0\nAs it was, Harvard won more by luck than by superiority in strength or skill, for with the exception of the first ten minutes they were forced to play a defensive game. ...   During the second half hour the ball was near the Harvard line constantly. Once it came within three feet of the chalk, but the most desperate fighting on the Harvard forced it back foot by foot until the immediate danger was over. ... The Michigan team excelled in running, and their tackling was very fair. As to passing, they did very little. It was by all odds the best game seen in Boston this fall.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 85], "content_span": [86, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026886-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Harvard Crimson football team, Game summaries, October 31: Harvard 4, Michigan 0\nIn 1901, one of the Michigan players, Fred Townsend, wrote an account of the 1881 trip. He said Harvard scored a touchdown at the very beginning of the game, but missed the try for goal. Michigan recovered and came within three yards of scoring a touchdown in the second half, but they were held for downs by the bigger Harvard players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 85], "content_span": [86, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026887-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Honduran presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Honduras in 1881. The result was a victory for the Liberal candidate, incumbent President Marco Aurelio Soto, who received 82% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026888-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Hungarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Hungary between 24 June and 3 July 1881. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 235 of the 413 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026889-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Iowa Senate election\nIn the 1881 Iowa State Senate elections Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the nineteenth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 25 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026889-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 41 seats to Democrats' seven seats and two Greenbackers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026889-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 19 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026889-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1881 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 45 seats, Democrats having two seats, two Greenbackers, and one Independent (a net gain of 4 seats for Republicans and 1 Independent seat).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026890-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1881 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on October 11, 1881. Republican nominee Buren R. Sherman defeated Democratic nominee L. G. Kinne with 56.72% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026891-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1881 Kentucky Derby was the 7th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 17, 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026892-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Kentucky State College football team\nThe 1881 Kentucky State College football team represented Kentucky State College\u2014now known as the University of Kentucky\u2014in the 1881 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026893-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Kentucky University football team\nThe 1881 Kentucky University football team represented Kentucky University (now known as Transylvania University) in the 1881 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026894-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Lewisburg football team\nThe 1881 Lewisburg football team represented the University at Lewisburg\u2014now known as Bucknell University\u2014during the 1881 college football season. In the schools first-ever game, it lost to Penn State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026895-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Liberian general election\nPresidential elections were held in Liberia in May 1881. The result was a victory for incumbent President Anthony W. Gardiner of the True Whig Party against Republican nominee Joseph James Cheeseman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026896-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Tuesday 1 November 1881. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026896-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 12, Lime Street, 25 November 1881\nCaused by the death of Councillor John Henstock (Party? Lime Street, elected 4 April 1881)which was reported to the Council on 9 November 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 89], "content_span": [90, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026896-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 7, St. Peter's, 25 November 1881\nCaused by the resignation of Councillor Alexander Balfour (Liberal, St. Peter's, elected 1 November 1879).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 88], "content_span": [89, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026897-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1881 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1881 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 2\u20131\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026898-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1881 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026899-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 102nd Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1881 during the governorship of John Davis Long. Robert R. Bishop served as president of the Senate and Charles J. Noyes served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026900-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Men's Tennis tour\nThe 1881 Men's tennis tour  was composed of the fifth annual pre-open era tour now incorporated 32 tournaments staged in Australia, Canada, Great Britain and Ireland, and the United States. The 1881 Wimbledon Championships was won by William Renshaw. This year also saw the inaugural and important 1881 U.S. National Championships held at Newport Casino which Richard Sears won. This was also the year that the United States National Lawn Tennis Association, which is the world's first national tennis association, was founded. Renshaw then won two other big tournaments of the year, the Irish Lawn Tennis Championships and Princes Club Championships, whilst Richard Taswell Richardson won the prestigious Northern Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026900-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 1: Challenge Round: the final round of a tournament, in which the winner of a single-elimination phase faces the previous year's champion, who plays only that one match. The challenge round was used in the early history of tennis (from 1877 through 1921), in some tournaments not all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026900-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 2:Tournaments in italics were events that were staged only onetime", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1881 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1881 college football season. While the University of Michigan had fielded \"football\" teams in 1879 and 1880, those teams played a game that was more in line with traditional rugby, and many consider the 1881 team to be the first at Michigan to play American football. The team finished with a record of 0\u20133 after playing the top teams in the country \u2013 Harvard, Yale and Princeton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season overview\nThe 1881 season was only the third during which Michigan fielded a football team. Prior to 1881, Michigan had played only three games, two against the University of Toronto and one against Racine College in Chicago. Moreover, the game played by Michigan was more in the nature of British rugby rather than American football. One author has observed: \"When the Michigan rugby team went East in November of 1881 they were playing a more traditional rugby game than their eastern counterparts.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season overview\nThe players on the Michigan team came from throughout the western states, including Illinois (Frank Wormwood and team captain and quarterback Walter S. Horton), Iowa (Richard Dott and Fred Townsend), North Dakota (the DePuy brothers), the Upper Peninsula (fullback William J. Olcott), and even Florida (Purl Woodruff).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season overview\nIn 1881, Michigan scheduled games against the top American football teams\u2014the Eastern powerhouses of Harvard, Yale and Princeton. Every year between 1870 and 1893, only Yale, Princeton, or Harvard has been credited with the consensus or shared national championship except Columbia in 1875. Retrospective historical power ratings have ranked them as the top three college football teams of 1881. The Michigan-Harvard game, which was played on Halloween 1881, was the first time any of the elite Eastern teams had played a team from the West. In his history of college football, David M. Nelson cites Michigan's 1881 Eastern trip as the origin of intersectional football: \"In 1881 football became an intersectional game with the University of Michigan invading the East to play Harvard, Princeton and Yale.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 862]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season overview\nMichigan played all three games in the East over a five-day period between October 31, 1881, and November 4, 1881. While Michigan lost all three games, the games were close, and the Michigan team earned the respect of the Eastern press. Forward Fred Townsend wrote about the trip in 1901, saying:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season overview\nWe were a lot of inexperienced players, without team work, depending entirely on individual play. Our half-backs, I believe, were equal to any we met, but our line was weak, the men being light and having little experience. Most of us had never played in a match game and some of us had never seen a copy of the rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0006-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season overview\nHaving lost all of its games and being outscored 28\u20134, the 1881 Michigan team holds the distinction of having the worst record in the school's history\u2014a record that has not been matched in the more than 125 years of football that followed. After the 1881 season, Michigan did not schedule any intercollegiate games in 1882 and did not return to intercollegiate play until 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0007-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Press accounts of the games, October 31: Harvard 4, Michigan 0\nThe Boston Journal carried a lengthy article about the Michigan-Harvard game, which it summarized as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 102], "content_span": [103, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0008-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Press accounts of the games, October 31: Harvard 4, Michigan 0\n\"Yesterday afternoon, in a drenching rain, for the first time an Eastern foot-ball eleven played with a Western eleven. The Western college boys have long wished a chance to try their powers with Eastern opponents, and, to effect this, the University of Michigan this fall have sent on a representative eleven to play the largest of the Eastern colleges. Their first opponent were the Harvard team. They were beaten but with fair weather the result would have been very uncertain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 102], "content_span": [103, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0008-0001", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Press accounts of the games, October 31: Harvard 4, Michigan 0\nAs it was, Harvard won more by luck than by superiority in strength or skill, for with the exception of the first ten minutes they were forced to play a defensive game. ... At 3:15, in the midst of a drenching rain, the game began. Perhaps a hundred spectators had by this time gathered.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 102], "content_span": [103, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0009-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Press accounts of the games, October 31: Harvard 4, Michigan 0\nHarvard scored the only points of the game in the first half on a play that was disputed by Michigan's players. The Boston Journal noted:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 102], "content_span": [103, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0010-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Press accounts of the games, October 31: Harvard 4, Michigan 0\n\"Individual players kept losing their temper, and much time was wasted in upclose quarreling over little questions of no account. If the Westerners hadn't talked so much they might have won, or at least tied the game. ... During the second half hour the ball was near the Harvard line constantly. Once it came within three feet of the chalk, but the most desperate fighting on the Harvard forced it back foot by foot until the immediate danger was over. ... The Michigan team excelled in running, and their tackling was very fair. As to passing, they did very little. It was by all odds the best game seen in Boston this fall.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 102], "content_span": [103, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0011-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Press accounts of the games, October 31: Harvard 4, Michigan 0\nAnother Massachusetts paper, The Fitchburg Sentinel, reported: \"The Harvard university football team won one touch-down at Cambridge, Monday, and the Michigan university team won nothing.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 102], "content_span": [103, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0012-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Press accounts of the games, November 2: Yale 11, Michigan 0\nMichigan's worst defeat on the Eastern trip was an 11\u20130 defeat against Yale. The next day, the New Haven Evening Register carried the following account of the game:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 100], "content_span": [101, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0013-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Press accounts of the games, November 2: Yale 11, Michigan 0\n\"The Yale foot ball team easily defeated the players from the University of Michigan at Hamilton Park, yesterday afternoon, in the presence of 500 people. The Yales outplayed their opponents in every particular, and kept the ball near their goal during the greater part of the game. ... The score was: Yale, 2 goals, University of Michigan, no goals, Touchdowns for safety: Yale none, University of Michigan 8. Olcott and DePuy played a good game for the visitors.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 100], "content_span": [101, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0014-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Press accounts of the games, November 4: Princeton 13, Michigan 4\nThe final game of the trip was a 13\u20134 loss to Princeton. One New Jersey newspaper reported: \"The Princeton College team were victorious Thursday in a football match with the team of the University of Michigan after an exciting struggle.\" New Jersey's Daily State Gazette wrote: \"A finely contested game of football at the University grounds Friday, between Princeton and University of Michigan resulted in a victory for the home team, Princeton 1 goal, 2 touchdowns; University of Michigan 0.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 105], "content_span": [106, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026901-0015-0000", "contents": "1881 Michigan Wolverines football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1881 football team according to the roster published in the 1882 edition of \"The Palladium\", the University of Michigan yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026902-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1881 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1881 to elect the governor of Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026903-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Minnesota tornado outbreak\nThe 1881 Minnesota tornado outbreak was a deadly tornado outbreak that struck southern Minnesota on July 15\u201316, 1881. At least six tornadoes touched down between 2:00 pm \u2013 6:00 pm CST, killing 24 people and injuring at least 123. The deadliest tornado of the outbreak, an F4 that killed 20 people in and near New Ulm, was likely a tornado family that may have caused F5 damage to rural farmsteads. Six people died in New Ulm, where people from nearby settlements had congregated to avoid Native American attacks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026904-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Mississippi gubernatorial election\nThe 1881 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1881, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Governor John M. Stone ran for reelection to a second full term, but lost the Democratic nomination to Robert Lowry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026904-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Mississippi gubernatorial election, General election\nIn the general election, Democratic candidate Robert Lowry defeated Republican candidate Benjamin King. The election was marred by massive fraud, and would mark the last time until 1975 in which a non-Democrat received more than 40% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026905-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 New York state election\nThe 1881 New York state election was held on November 8, 1881, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer and a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026905-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Greenback-Labor state convention met on August 24 at Elmira, New York. Mr. Furbish was Temporary and Permanent Chairman. All candidates were nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026905-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Prohibition state convention met on September 15 at Utica, New York and nominated Stephen Merritt for Secretary of State; Jefferson Bissell, of Steuben County, for Comptroller; Frederick Gates for Treasurer; George Brooks, of Otsego County, for Attorney General; John J. Hooker, of Tioga County, for State Engineer; and Walter Farrington for Judge of the Court of Appeals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026905-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Republican state convention met on October 5. The incumbent Secretary of State Joseph B. Carr was re-nominated by acclamation. Ira Davenport was nominated for Comptroller on the first ballot (vote: Davenport 290, Henry L. Duguid 191). Leslie W. Russell was nominated for Attorney General on the first ballot (vote: Russell 255, Hamilton Ward, Sr. [ incumbent] 231). James W. Husted was nominated for Treasurer during the first ballot. Ex-State Engineer Silas Seymour (in office 1856-1857) was nominated again for this office, and Francis M. Finch, who had been appointed to the Court of Appeals to fill the vacancy caused by the election of Charles J. Folger as Chief Judge, was nominated to succeed himself, both by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026905-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Democratic state convention met on October 11 and 12 at Albany, New York. The Tammany delegates were not admitted and left the convention. Erastus Brooks was chosen Permanent Chairman. William Purcell, of Rochester, was nominated for Secretary of State on the first ballot (vote: Purcell 258, Charles Hughes 96, R. S. Stevens 14). George H. Lapham, of Yates County, was nominated for Comptroller by acclamation. Roswell A. Parmenter, of Troy, was nominated for Attorney General on the first ballot (vote: Parmenter 221, James W. Covert 57, J. Thomas Spriggs 55, Ruggles 21, Lewis L. Bundy 16).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026905-0004-0001", "contents": "1881 New York state election, Nominations\nRobert A. Maxwell was nominated after the roll was, amid some confusion, called twice for the first ballot (vote Maxwell 197, H. Catlin 187). Thomas Evershed, of Orleans County, was nominated for State Engineer by a rising vote. Augustus Schoonmaker, Jr., was nominated for the Court of Appeals during the first ballot when the name of William C. Ruger was withdrawn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026905-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 New York state election, Results\nAlmost the whole Republican ticket was elected. Only Robert A. Maxwell managed to be elected on the Democratic ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026906-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 New Zealand general election\nThe New Zealand general election of 1881 was held on 8 and 9 December in the M\u0101ori and European electorates, respectively, to elect 95 MPs to the 8th session of the New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026906-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 New Zealand general election\n1881 was the first time a general election was held under universal male suffrage; all MPs were elected in single-member electorates; and the country quota was introduced, allowing rural electorates to have 25% fewer voters than urban electorates. Beginning with the 1881 election, all elections in European electorates were to be held on the same day, a measure not introduced for M\u0101ori electorates until 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026906-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 New Zealand general election, 1881 electoral redistribution\nThe previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875\u20131876 election. In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In the 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875\u201376 election). The number of M\u0101ori electorates was held at four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026906-0002-0001", "contents": "1881 New Zealand general election, 1881 electoral redistribution\nThe House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed: Ashburton, Auckland North, Awarua, Christchurch North, Christchurch South, Coromandel, Dunedin Central, Dunedin East, Dunedin South, Dunedin West, Foxton, Franklin North, Franklin South, Hawke's Bay, Hokonui, Inangahua, Kumara, Lincoln, Manukau, Moeraki, Peninsula, St Albans, Stanmore, Sydenham, Taranaki, Tauranga, Te Aro, Thorndon, Waimate, Waipawa, Wairarapa North, Wairarapa South, Waitotara, Wakanui, and Wellington South. In addition, two electorates that had previously been abolished were recreated: Bay of Islands and Oamaru.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026906-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 New Zealand general election, 1881 electoral redistribution\nThese changes necessitated a major disruption to existing boundaries. Only six electorates remained unchanged: Waikato, Waipa, Bruce, Lyttelton, Nelson, and Picton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026906-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 New Zealand general election, 1881 electoral redistribution\nThe electoral distribution was the first that formally acknowledged the existence of a country quota, where country electorates contained 25% fewer voters than town electorates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026906-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 New Zealand general election, The election\nThe 1881 election was held on Thursday, 8 December, in the M\u0101ori electorates and on Friday, 9 December, in the European electorates to elect a total of 95 MPs to the 8th Parliament. A total number of 120,972 (66.5%) voters turned out to vote. In 11 seats there was only one candidate. 36 and 55 seats were in the North Island and South Island, respectively, plus the 4 M\u0101ori electorates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026906-0006-0000", "contents": "1881 New Zealand general election, The election\nThe incumbent government led by John Hall retained office having support from 45 members with 39 \"Greyites\" (supporters of George Grey) and 11 Independents not affiliated with either faction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026906-0007-0000", "contents": "1881 New Zealand general election, Results\nThe following table shows the successful candidate for each electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026907-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Newtown colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Newtown on 1 December 1881. The election was triggered by the appointment of Stephen Brown to the Legislative Council, taking up the office of Postmaster-General.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026908-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Nicobar Islands earthquake\nThe 1881 Nicobar Islands earthquake occurred at about 07:49 local time (01:49 UTC) on 31 December, with an epicentre beneath Car Nicobar. It occurred as two separate ruptures, the largest of which had an estimated magnitude of 7.9 on the moment magnitude scale and triggered a tsunami that was observed around the Bay of Bengal. It is probably the earliest earthquake for which rupture parameters have been estimated instrumentally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026908-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Nicobar Islands earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe Nicobar Islands are a series of volcanic islands that are part of an active volcanic arc, formed above the subduction zone where the Indo-Australian Plate passes beneath the Burma Plate. The convergence along this plate boundary is highly oblique, with the plate vector running at a low angle to the boundary. Most of the strike-slip component of the convergence is accommodated by the Great Sumatran fault, which passes northwards into the Andaman Sea spreading centre. This plate boundary has been the location of many historical megathrust earthquakes. The 1881 rupture area lies almost entirely within that for the Mw = 9.2 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, while rupturing less than a third of its down-dip width.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026908-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Nicobar Islands earthquake, Damage\nThe Andaman and Nicobar Islands suffered some damage, although the only masonry buildings affected were in Port Blair, including an infantry barrack and a chimney, both of which suffered severe cracking. On Car Nicobar the coconut plantations and native huts were extensively damaged and sand volcanoes were observed. There were no reported casualties associated with either the earthquake or the subsequent tsunami.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026908-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Nicobar Islands earthquake, Characteristics, Earthquake\nThe earthquake was very widely felt with reports from many parts of mainland India, Burma and Sumatra, a total area of 2,000,000 square miles (5,200,000\u00a0km2). The rupture area, and therefore the magnitude, has been calculated by modelling the observed tsunami arrival times and heights. Two rupture areas have been identified. The larger, and more southerly, measured 150\u00a0km x 60\u00a0km dipping about 20\u00b0 to the east with a displacement of 2.7 metres (8.9\u00a0ft) and a smaller area to the north dipping 15\u00b0 to the east with a displacement of 0.9\u00a0m (3.0\u00a0ft). The larger gives an estimated  Mw = 7.9 event and the smaller a Mw\u202f = 7.0 event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 60], "content_span": [61, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026908-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Nicobar Islands earthquake, Characteristics, Tsunami\nThe tsunami was recorded by eleven of a series of continuous tide gauges around the Bay of Bengal that had recently been deployed by the Great Trigonometric Survey of India. The ten gauges on the Indian mainland were synchronised using a telegraph to Madras (Chennai) time, while that at Port Blair was set by a chronometer linked to local time. The maximum recorded wave height was 1.22\u00a0m (4.0\u00a0ft) at Nagapattinam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026909-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1881 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 11, 1881. Incumbent Republican Charles Foster defeated Democratic nominee John W. Bookwalter with 50.10% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026910-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Open Championship\nThe 1881 Open Championship was the 21st Open Championship, held 14 October at Prestwick Golf Club in Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Bob Ferguson won the Championship for the second successive year, by three strokes from runner-up Jamie Anderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026910-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Open Championship\nThe weather was terrible, taking place on the same day as the Eyemouth disaster, where over 100 fishermen lost their lives. Play was delayed an hour for the weather to improve but it actually got worse and eventually started at 11:30.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026910-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Open Championship\nThe 1st hole proved to be particularly challenging. At 578 yards it was a long hole by the standards of the time, although Tom Morris Jr. had holed his third shot in his opening round of the 1870 Open Championship. Ferguson was in the first group and started with an eight. In his three tries at the hole that day he took a total of 25 (8-9-8) but lost nothing on his nearest challenger Anderson who also took 25 (8-10-7). The scores of the other players is unrecorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026910-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Open Championship\nFerguson played an excellent first round, scoring 53 (8-4-4-6-4-5-3-3-6-3-3-4). This was four strokes better than anyone else. He scored 60 in his second round and Willie Campbell with a 56 reduced the lead to three, with Anderson four behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026910-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Open Championship\nCampbell had a poor final round of 65 and Jamie Anderson was Ferguson's only challenger. Ferguson played a steady final round of 57 and although Anderson had a good last round, Ferguson won by a clear three strokes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026911-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1881 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1881 college football season. They finished with a 0\u20135 record, managing to only score a single point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026912-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Penn State football team\nThe 1881 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College\u2014now known as Pennsylvania State University\u2013during the 1881 college football season. It was the first football team fielded by the school. Penn State played only one game in 1881, beating Lewisburg by a score of 9\u20130. Although this game was reported in two State College newspapers and The Mirror, the University at Lewisburg campus newspaper, Bucknell denies that this game ever happened. Penn State did not field teams from 1882 through 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026913-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Philadelphia mayoral election\nThe Philadelphia mayoral election of 1881 saw Samuel G. King defeat three-term incumbent mayor William S. Stokley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026913-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Philadelphia mayoral election\nThis would be the last time until 1951 that a Democrat would win the mayoralty of Philadelphia. It would also be the last time until 1911 that a Republican would fail to win the mayoralty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026913-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Philadelphia mayoral election\nThe Philadelphia Republican establishment had not accepted Stokley as one of their own and prominent reformist Republicans such as Rudolph Blankenburg opposed Stokley for corruption.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026913-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Philadelphia mayoral election\nAfter the influential Committee of One Hundred voted to endorse Stokley, Blankenburg and John Paul Verree resigned their memberships. The Committee reversed itself and endorsed King in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026914-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 21 August 1881. The result was a landslide victory for the Regeneration Party, which won 122  seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026915-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Preston by-election\nThe Preston by-election of 1881 took place on 20 May 1881 after the death of the incumbent MP Edward Hermon. The Conservative candidate William Farrer Ecroyd campaigned on a fair trade platform and won the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026916-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1881 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1881 college football season. The team finished with a 7\u20130\u20132 record and was retroactively named national champion by the Billingsley Report and as co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. This season marked Princeton's 11th national championship in a 13-year period between 1869 and 1881. P. T. Bryan was the captain of the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026916-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Princeton Tigers football team\nNo goals were scored against the Tigers in 1881 and the season ended as it had for the fourth time in five years; a 0\u20130 tie against Yale in or near New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026916-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries, November 4: Princeton 1, Michigan 0\nThe Michigan Wolverines toured the east in 1881, playing the first games between western and eastern teams. Michigan played at Harvard on October 31 and at Yale on November 2, 1881, losing both games. The trip was planned to end after the Yale game, however a Princeton representative attended the game in New Haven and challenged Michigan to a game in two days. Michigan's captain and quarterback Walter S. Horton did not want to accept, but the team over-ruled him. Horton then refused to play, and substitute Henry S. Mahon had to fill in for him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 88], "content_span": [89, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026916-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries, November 4: Princeton 1, Michigan 0\nMichigan forward Fred Townsend wrote about the game in 1901, reporting that Princeton scored a goal in the first half on a long kick aided by the wind. Michigan could not score any goals or touchdowns throughout the contest, while late in the second half Princeton scored two touchdowns. A New Jersey newspaper reported: \"The Princeton College team were victorious Thursday [sic] in a football match with the team of the University of Michigan after an exciting struggle.\" The Daily State Gazette wrote: \"A finely contested game of football at the University grounds Friday, between Princeton and University of Michigan resulted in a victory for the home team, Princeton 1 goal, 2 touchdowns; University of Michigan 0.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 88], "content_span": [89, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026917-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Providence Grays season\nThe Providence Grays finished the 1881 season in second place in the National League for a second straight season. However, management strife and sagging attendance hurt the team's bottom line and they occasionally had trouble meeting payroll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026917-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026917-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026917-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026918-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Queanbeyan colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Queanbeyan on 27 January 1881. The election was triggered by the resignation of James Thompson, taking up the government position of Railway Land Valuator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026919-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Quebec general election\nThe 1881 Quebec general election was held on December 2, 1881, to elect members of the 5th Legislative Assembly for the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Quebec Conservative Party, led by Premier Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, defeated the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbini\u00e8re.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026920-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Randolph\u2013Macon Yellow Jackets football team\nThe 1881 Randolph\u2013Macon Yellow Jackets football team represented Randolph\u2013Macon College during the 1881 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026921-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1881 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 6, 1881. Incumbent Republican Alfred H. Littlefield defeated Democratic nominee Horace A. Kimball with 66.97% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026922-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Richmond Colts football team\nThe 1881 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College\u2014now known as the University of Richmond\u2014as an independent during the 1881 college football season. They finished 2\u20130 with both wins coming against Randolph\u2013Macon of Ashland, Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026923-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1881 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University as an independent during the 1881 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20134\u20131 record and outscored its opponents, 11 to 8. The team had no coach, and its captain for the second consecutive year was John Morrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026924-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 SAFA season\nThe 1881 South Australian Football Association season was the 5th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia. The premiership season began on Saturday 7 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026924-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 SAFA season\nThe years premiership trophy was called the Fowler Challenge Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026924-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 SAFA season\nKensington and Adelaide  merged to create a full squad but resigned from the competition after 4 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026924-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 SAFA season, Premiership season, Round 5\nNorwood's match against Adelaide-Kensington shows in the published tables as a Win for Norwood due to Adelaide-Kensington withdrawal from the Competition during the week. Norwood played against a 25 team from Royal Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 45], "content_span": [46, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026924-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 SAFA season, Premiership season, Round 14\nThe Victorian v Port Adelaide match was abandoned due to a crowd invasion and declared a draw. A disputed goal (due to the goal umpire not at his post) 20 minutes before time caused both teams to withdraw from the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 46], "content_span": [47, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026925-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1881 Scottish Cup Final was the eighth final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1880\u201381 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The original match was played at Kinning Park sports ground in the burgh of Kinning Park (today part of Glasgow) on 26 March 1881 and was watched by a crowd of 15,000 spectators. The final was contested by defending champions Queen's Park and Dumbarton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026925-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Scottish Cup Final\nThe result of the original match - a 2\u20131 win for Queen's Park - was declared void after Dumbarton protested about spectators on the pitch during the game and a replay was ordered. Queen's Park had also threatened to withdraw from the SFA. The gates had to be closed during the replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026925-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Scottish Cup Final\nThe replay took place at the same venue on 9 April 1881 in front of 10,000 spectators. Queen's Park won the competition for the fifth time after they beat Dumbarton 3\u20131 in a match which saw Dr John Smith score the first Scottish Cup final hat-trick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026925-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nDefending champions Queen's Park had reached the final on four previous occasions and had gone on to lift the trophy each time. Of those four finals, only the 1876 final required a replay. Prior to the final, Queen's Park's total of four Scottish Cup wins was a record and the most goals scored by a single player in a Scottish Cup final match was two by Queen's Park's Thomas Highet in the 1876 replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026925-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nDumbarton were one of only three teams to have competed in each of the first eight editions of the Scottish Cup not to have reached the final before, the others being Alexandra Athletic and Kilmarnock. They had previously reached the semi-finals on three occasions: in 1874\u201375 when they lost to Renton after a replay; 1875\u201376 when they lost to 3rd Lanark RV after a second replay and 1879\u201380 when they lost to eventual winners Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026925-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nThe previous season's semi-final, which Queen's Park won 1\u20130, was the only previous meeting between the teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026926-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Shao\n1881 Shao, provisional designation 1940 PC or 1968 OO, is a background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 25 kilometers (16 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 3 August 1940, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The presumed C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 7.45 hours. It was named for Chinese astronomer Cheng-yuan Shao.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [9, 9], "content_span": [10, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026926-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Shao, Orbit and classification\nShao is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8\u20133.5\u00a0AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,062 days; semi-major axis of 3.17\u00a0AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 10\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in 1940.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 35], "content_span": [36, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026926-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Shao, Physical characteristics, Rotation period\nIn July 2013, a rotational lightcurve of Shao was obtained from photometric observations by Italian amateur astronomer Silvano Casulli. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 7.452 hours with a brightness variation of 0.15 magnitude (U=2). A second lightcurve by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory from December 2014, gave a shorter period of 5.61 hours and an amplitude of 0.11 (U=2), indicative for a rather spherical shape.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 52], "content_span": [53, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026926-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Shao, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nAccording to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Shao measures between 24.083 and 25.46 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0994 and 0.115. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057, and calculates a diameter of 29.21 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 56], "content_span": [57, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026926-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Shao, Naming\nThis minor planet was named after Chinese astronomer Cheng-yuan Shao (born 1927), an assistant to Richard McCrosky (see previously numbered 1880 McCrosky) in Harvard's minor-planet program at the Harvard\u2013Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and Oak Ridge Observatory in Massachusetts, United States. Shao was also involved in the recovery of near-Earth asteroid 1862 Apollo. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3936).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 17], "content_span": [18, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026927-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 South Australian colonial election\nColonial elections were held in South Australia from 8 April to 27 April 1881. All 46 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election, along with six of the 18 seats in the South Australian Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026927-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 South Australian colonial election, House of Assembly\nSince the inaugural 1857 election, no parties or solid groupings had been formed, which resulted in frequent changes of the Premier. If for any reason the incumbent Premier of South Australia lost sufficient support through a successful motion of no confidence at any time on the floor of the house, he would tender his resignation to the Governor of South Australia, which would result in interested members declaring their intent to run for the vacant position. A parliamentary ballot would then take place, resulting in the member with the most votes being sworn in by the Governor as the next Premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026927-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 South Australian colonial election, House of Assembly\nInformal groupings began and increased government stability occurred from the 1887 election. The United Labor Party would be formed in 1891, while the National Defence League would be formed later in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026927-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 South Australian colonial election, Legislative Council\nThe franchise for the South Australian Legislative Council was more limited, requiring voters to meet a minimum value of land owned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026927-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 South Australian colonial election, Legislative Council\nAyers and Tarlton had been members whose terms had expired just before the election and they were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026928-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Southern Maori by-election\nThe 1881 Southern Maori by-election was a by-election held on 1 March 1881 in the Southern Maori electorate during the 7th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026928-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Southern Maori by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Ihaia Tainui.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026928-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Southern Maori by-election\nThe by-election was won by H\u014dri Kerei Taiaroa; he had been disqualified from the Legislative Council and Tainui had resigned so that he could return to the Lower House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026929-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Spanish general election\nThe 1881 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 21 August and on Friday, 2 September 1881, to elect the 2nd Restoration Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 392 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026929-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Spanish general election\nThough formally competitive, the 1881 general election was held under the recently developed system of turno pacifico; in accordance with a semi-formal power-sharing arrangement brokered by Antonio C\u00e1novas del Castillo, elections\u2014under influence by machine bosses called caciques\u2014served as a rubber stamp for a routine handover of power initiated by the King. The 1881 election, as expected, sanctioned the pre-arranged handover from the Conservatives to the newly-created Liberal Fusionist Party. From 1881 until the end of the constitutional monarchy, the turno power-sharing plan would continue dominating the Spanish political landscape nearly uninterruptedly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026929-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Spanish general election, Overview, Background\nThe Spanish Constitution of 1876 enshrined Spain as a constitutional monarchy, awarding the King power to name senators and to revoke laws, as well as the title of commander-in-chief of the army. The King would also play a key role in the system of El Turno Pac\u00edfico (the Peaceful Turn) by appointing and toppling governments and allowing the opposition to take power. Under this system, the Conservative and Liberal parties alternated in power by means of election rigging, which they achieved through the encasillado, using the links between the Ministry of Governance, the provincial civil governors, and the local bosses (caciques) to ensure victory and exclude minor parties from the power sharing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026929-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nThe Spanish Cortes were envisaged as \"co-legislative bodies\", based on a nearly perfect bicameralism. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate had legislative, control and budgetary functions, sharing equal powers except for laws on contributions or public credit, where the Congress had preeminence. Voting for the Cortes was on the basis of censitary suffrage, which comprised national males over twenty-five, being taxpayers with a minimum quota of twenty-five pesetas per territorial contribution or fifty per industrial subsidy, as well as being enrolled in the so-called capacity census (either by criteria of Education or for professional reasons).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026929-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nFor the Congress of Deputies, 88 seats were elected using a partial block voting in 26 multi-member constituencies, with the remaining 304 being elected under a one-round first-past-the-post system in single-member districts. Candidates winning a plurality in each constituency were elected. In constituencies electing eight seats, electors could vote for up to six candidates; in those with seven seats, for up to five candidates; in those with six seats, for up to four; in those with four or five seats, for up to three candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026929-0004-0001", "contents": "1881 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nAdditionally, up to ten deputies could be elected through cumulative voting in several single-member constituencies, provided that they obtained more than 10,000 votes overall. The Congress was entitled to one member per each 50,000 inhabitants, with each multi-member constituency being allocated a fixed number of seats: 8 for Madrid, 5 for Barcelona and Palma, 4 for Seville and 3 for Alicante, Almer\u00eda, Badajoz, Burgos, C\u00e1diz, Cartagena, C\u00f3rdoba, Granada, Ja\u00e9n, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coru\u00f1a, Lugo, M\u00e1laga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza. The law also provided for by-elections to fill seats vacated throughout the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026929-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nFor the Senate, 180 seats were indirectly elected, with electors voting for delegates instead of senators. Elected delegates\u2014equivalent in number to one-sixth of the councillors in each municipal corporation\u2014would then vote for senators using a write-in, two-round majority voting system. The provinces of \u00c1lava, Albacete, \u00c1vila, Biscay, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Guip\u00fazcoa, Huelva, Logro\u00f1o, Matanzas, Palencia, Pinar del R\u00edo, Puerto Pr\u00edncipe, Santa Clara, Santander, Santiago de Cuba, Segovia, Soria, Teruel, Valladolid and Zamora were allocated two seats each, whereas each of the remaining provinces was allocated three seats, for a total of 147.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026929-0005-0001", "contents": "1881 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nThe remaining 33 were allocated to a number of institutions, electing one seat each\u2014the Archdioceses of Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Cuba, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; the Royal Spanish Academy; the Royal Academies of History, Fine Arts, Sciences, Moral and Political Sciences and Medicine; the Universities of Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Havana, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; and the Economic Societies of Friends of the Country from Madrid, Barcelona, Cuba\u2013Puerto Rico, Le\u00f3n, Seville and Valencia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026929-0005-0002", "contents": "1881 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nAn additional 180 seats comprised senators in their own right\u2014the Monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age; Grandees of Spain of the first class; Captain Generals of the Army and the Navy Admiral; the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops; as well as other high-ranking state figures\u2014and senators for life (who were appointed by the Monarch).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026929-0006-0000", "contents": "1881 Spanish general election, Overview, Election date\nThe term of each House of the Cortes\u2014the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate\u2014expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The Monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both Houses at any given time\u2014either jointly or separately\u2014and call a snap election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026930-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 St Ives by-election\nThe St Ives by-election of 1881 was fought on 11 April 1881. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Sir Charles Reed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026931-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Suburbs of Nelson by-election\nThe 1881 Suburbs of Nelson by-election was a by-election held  on 11 January 1881 in the Suburbs of Nelson electorate in Nelson during the 7th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026931-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Suburbs of Nelson by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent Andrew Richmond, on 15 November 1880. The by-election was won by Arthur Collins. Collins was opposed by Arthur Harley, described as a young man with radical ideas like abolishing the governor and the legislative council and issuing a paper currency. Harley was said to be all for \"smashing and wasting\" and to out-Greys Grey in his Greyism! So it was a fight between \"Communism and Constitutionalism\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026932-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Swedish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sweden in 1881 to elect the Second Chamber of the Riksdag for a three-year term. Following the elections, the Lantmanna Party remained the largest party, holding 101 of the 206 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026932-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Swedish general election\nDirect elections were held in all 24 urban constituencies and 78 of the 142 rural constituencies, an increase of six constituencies using direct elections. In the other 64 rural constituencies, the elections were indirect and carried out using electors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026932-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Swedish general election\nOf a total population of 4.6 million, only 281,193 people (6.1%) were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026933-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Swiss federal election\nFederal elections were held in Switzerland on 30 October 1881. The Radical Left remained the largest group in the National Council, regaining the majority they had lost in 1863.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026933-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Swiss federal election, Electoral system\nThe 145 members of the National Council were elected in 49 single- and multi-member constituencies using a three-round system. Candidates had to receive a majority in the first or second round to be elected; if it went to a third round, only a plurality was required. Voters could cast as many votes as there were seats in their constituency. There was one seat for every 20,000 citizens, with seats allocated to cantons in proportion to their population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026933-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Swiss federal election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held under the new Federal law concerning the elections of National Council members passed on 3 May 1881. The number of seats was increased from 135 to 145 following the 1880 census, and the number of constituencies from 48 to 49; Bern and Z\u00fcrich both gained two seats, whilst Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Basel-Stadt, Geneva, Schwyz, Ticino and Vaud all gained one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026933-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Swiss federal election, Results, National Council, Summary\nVoter turnout was highest in Schaffhausen (where voting was compulsory) at 95.2% and lowest in Schwyz at 28.3%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026934-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Troy Trojans season\nThe 1881 Troy Trojans finished in 5th place in the National League with a 39\u201345 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026934-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Troy Trojans season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026934-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Troy Trojans season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026934-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Troy Trojans season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026935-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nThe inaugural U.S. National Championship was a tennis tournament that took place in August 1881 at the Newport Casino, Newport, Rhode Island and in that first year only clubs that were members of the United States National Lawn Tennis Association were permitted to enter the tournament. A Men's Singles competition and a Men's Doubles competition were played, and Richard Sears became the first men's singles U.S. National Tennis Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026935-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Doubles\nClarence Clark /  Fred Taylor defeated  Arthur Newbold /  Alexander Van Rensselaer, 6-5, 6-4, 6-5", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026936-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Doubles\nThe doubles champions of the first U.S. championships were Clarence Clark and Frederick Winslow Taylor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026936-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Doubles, Draw\nThe draw is for the most part unknown. It seems to have consisted of four rounds. In the first round, Clark and Taylor defeated Smith and Crawford Nightingale. In a second match, Alexander Van Rensselaer and Arthur Newbold beat Arthur Rives and Stevens 6\u20135 and 6\u20132. Like in the singles competition, except for the final, each match was played on the best of three sets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 48], "content_span": [49, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026937-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Singles\nRichard Sears won the Men's Singles tennis title at the inaugural U.S. National Championships, by beating William Glyn 6\u20130, 6\u20133, 6\u20132 in the final. Except for the final, each match was played on the best of three sets. Winner of a set was the player who won six games first; no two-games advantage was required. The participation was restricted to USNLTA club members only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026938-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 United Kingdom census\nThe United Kingdom Census of 1881 recorded the people residing in every household on the night of Sunday 3 April 1881, and was the fifth of the UK censuses to include details of household members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026938-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 United Kingdom census, Data recorded\nDetails collected include: address, name, relationship to the head of the family, marital status, age at last birthday, gender, occupation, and place of birth. As with earlier censuses, the form asked whether any \"lunatics\", \"imbeciles\" or \"idiots\" lived in the household, causing the Registrar General to observe that: \"It is against human nature to expect a mother to admit her young child to be an idiot, however much she may fear this to be true. To acknowledge the fact is to abandon all hope.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 41], "content_span": [42, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026938-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 United Kingdom census, Data recorded\nNotable respondents included Winston Churchill, Karl Marx and Charles Darwin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 41], "content_span": [42, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026938-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 United Kingdom census, Indexing\nThe 1881 census was the first UK census to be indexed in its entirety. In the 1980s, in a project that has been characterised as \"the largest collection of historical source material to be made available in computerised form\", and \"the first major 'crowd-sourced' exercise in the world\", the Genealogical Society of Utah began collaborating with the Federation of Family History Societies and the Scottish Association of Family History Societies to produce an index to the 1881 census for England, Wales, Scotland, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 36], "content_span": [37, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026938-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 United Kingdom census, Indexing\nIn 1994 and 1995 the resulting index was published, county by county, on microfiche, and made available to institutions. In 1999 the index was published on a set of 24 CD-ROMs and made available to the general public.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 36], "content_span": [37, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026938-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 United Kingdom census, Indexing\nIn August 2001 the index for Scotland was made available online on Scots Origins, then the official data site of the General Register Office for Scotland, and is now available on its successor ScotlandsPeople. In February 2003, the remaining material was made available free of charge on the FamilySearch website. Free access to the online index is now available from several other sites, though the Scottish data remains exclusive to ScotlandsPeople.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 36], "content_span": [37, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026939-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 United States House of Representatives elections\nThere were seven special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1881 during the 47th United States Congress. There were no special elections that year for the 51st United States Congress, which ended March 3, 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026940-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate election in New York\nThe 1881 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 18, 1881, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 1) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026940-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nDemocrat Francis Kernan had been elected in January 1875 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026940-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nAt the State election in November 1879, 25 Republicans and 7 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1880-1881) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1880, 81 Republicans and 47 Democrats were elected for the session of 1881 to the Assembly. The 104th State Legislature met from January 4, 1881, on at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026940-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus\nThe caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 13, State Senator Dennis McCarthy presided. All but one of the legislators were present, only State Senator Edward M. Madden (13th D.) was absent. The caucus nominated Ex-Congressman Thomas C. Platt for the U.S. Senate. Platt was a friend of the other U.S. Senator from New York, Roscoe Conkling, and belonged to the Stalwart faction. The opposing Half-Breeds (in the press sometimes referred to as the \"anti-machine men\") at first wanted to nominate Chauncey M. Depew, but he withdrew before balloting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026940-0003-0001", "contents": "1881 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus\nThe majority of the Half-Breeds, led by President pro tempore of the State Senate William H. Robertson, then supported Platt, a minority voted for Sherman S. Rogers, the defeated Republican candidate for Lieutenant Governor of New York in 1876. Congressman Richard Crowley was supported by a faction led by Speaker of the State Assembly George H. Sharpe, allied with Governor Alonzo B. Cornell. U.S. Vice President William A. Wheeler, and Congressmen Elbridge G. Lapham and Levi P. Morton also received votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026940-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Democratic caucus\nThe caucus of the Democratic State legislators met on January 17, State Senator Charles A. Fowler (14th D.) presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Francis Kernan by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026940-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate election in New York, Result\nThomas C. Platt was the choice of both the State Senate and the Assembly, and was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026940-0006-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate election in New York, Aftermath\nPlatt remained in office for only ten weeks, until May 16, 1881, when he resigned together with his boss Roscoe Conkling in protest against the distribution of federal patronage in New York by President James A. Garfield, a Half-Breed, without being consulted, what Conkling said was a breach of a pledge given by Garfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026940-0006-0001", "contents": "1881 United States Senate election in New York, Aftermath\nThe confrontation between the Stalwart and the Half-Breed factions of the Republican party arose when the leader of the Half-Breeds William H. Robertson was appointed Collector of the Port of New York, the highest paying federal office in New York, a position Conkling wanted to give to one of his Stalwart friends. Conkling and Platt then tried to show their power by standing for re-election, but Elbridge G. Lapham and Warner Miller were elected instead to fill the vacancies. This effectively ended Conkling's political career, and severely harmed Platt's. However, 16 years later, in 1897, Platt was re-elected to the U.S. Senate, and served two terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026941-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1881 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on thirty separate dates from January to February 1881. On February 23, 1881, John I. Mitchell was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026941-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results\nThe Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 27, 1881, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1881. Thirty-five ballots were recorded on thirty separate dates spanning from January 27 to February 23, 1881. The results of the thirty-fifth and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 59], "content_span": [60, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York\nThe 1881 United States Senate special election in New York was held from May 31 to July 22, 1881, by the New York State Legislature to elect two U.S. senators (Class 1 and Class 3) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York\nAmid ongoing disputes with President James A. Garfield over federal patronage privileges in the state of New York, particularly the lucrative postings at the New York Customs House, Republican Senators Roscoe Conkling and Thomas C. Platt both resigned. Their resignations were designed to trigger special elections, in which they expected to be re-elected to affirm their support in the New York Legislature as a show of either popularity or political force. Instead, the legislature demurred for 52 days before electing Warner Miller and Elbridge Lapham in their place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York\nOn July 1, Platt withdrew from the election after 31 inconclusive joint ballots, most of them led by Chauncey Depew. The early ballots for Conkling's seat were generally led by former Vice President of the United States William A. Wheeler. On July 2, President Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau, who declared his support for Conkling's Stalwart faction immediately after the shooting. With no consensus emerging for either seat, a Republican caucus met on July 8 to nominate replacement candidates and settled on Warner Miller and Elbridge Lapham after Depew withdrew. Two weeks later, Warner Miller was elected to Platt's seat. Conkling's supporters held out for another week before acquiescing to the unanimous nomination of Lapham on July 22, ending the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York\nPresident Garfield died on September 19. With the Stalwart faction effectively eliminated by Conkling's removal from office, Congress passed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which was signed into law by Chester A. Arthur, a former Conkling prot\u00e9g\u00e9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Background\nThe Republican boss, and leader of the Stalwart faction, Roscoe Conkling had been elected to a third term (Class 3) in January 1879. Thomas C. Platt had been elected on Conkling's advice in January 1881 and had just taken his seat (Class 1) on March 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 67], "content_span": [68, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Background, Conkling and Platt resignations\nOn May 16, 1881, both U.S. senators from New York resigned in protest against the distribution of federal patronage in New York by President James A. Garfield, a Half-Breed, without being consulted. The confrontation between the Stalwart and the Half-Breed (in the press now usually referred to as the \"Administration men\") factions of the Republican Party arose when the leader of the New Yorker Half-Breeds, President pro tempore of the State Senate William H. Robertson, was appointed Collector of the Port of New York, the highest paying federal office in New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 100], "content_span": [101, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0005-0001", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Background, Conkling and Platt resignations\nConkling preferred that Collector Edwin Merritt continue on the post until his term would expire in 1882, and then give it to one of his Stalwart friends, but Garfield was set on showing his gratitude to Robertson who had been instrumental in Garfield's nomination at the 1880 Republican National Convention. On March 28, Conkling, Platt, Vice President Chester A. Arthur and Postmaster General Thomas L. James sent a letter to Garfield urging him to withdraw the nomination. Garfield resented this intrusion and did not budge. Conkling and Platt took exception to the fact that Robertson and the New York delegates to the National Convention had been pledged by the State Convention to vote for the nomination of former President Ulysses S. Grant, but had broken his pledge and orchestrated the nomination of another candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 100], "content_span": [101, 929]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0006-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Background, Conkling and Platt resignations\nConkling and Platt then stood for re-election thus trying to rebuke the President and be vindicated by the State Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 100], "content_span": [101, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0007-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Background, Legislative composition\nAt the 1879 state election, 25 Republicans and 7 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1880\u20131881) in the State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 92], "content_span": [93, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0008-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Background, Legislative composition\nAt the 1880 state election, 81 Republicans and 47 Democrats were elected for the session of 1881 to the Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 92], "content_span": [93, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0009-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Background, Legislative composition\nThe 104th New York State Legislature met from January 4 to July 23, 1881, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 92], "content_span": [93, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0010-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Nominations, Republican caucus\nWhen the first surprise about the resignations subsided, a majority of the Republican State legislators were determined to be rid of Conkling. Intense canvassing followed, many names were speculated about as candidates, but it proved difficult to call a caucus, since no majority of legislators or of the caucus committee agreed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 87], "content_span": [88, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0011-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Nominations, Republican caucus\nA caucus of Republican State legislators was finally called by Speaker of the Assembly George H. Sharpe for May 30. Assemblyman Andrew S. Draper presided, and secretaries were appointed. Only 8 State senators and 27 assemblymen were present, and the caucus adjourned for lack of quorum until the next day, but nobody was nominated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 87], "content_span": [88, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0012-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Nominations, Democratic caucus\nThe caucus of the Democratic State legislators met on May 30, Assemblyman Michael C. Murphy, of New York City, presided. They nominated Ex-U.S. Senator Francis Kernan and State Senator John C. Jacobs, both on the first ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 87], "content_span": [88, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0013-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Election\nOn May 31, the legally prescribed day for the election, the Assembly and the State Senate took a ballot, but no candidate received a majority. On June 1, both Houses met in joint session, compared the result of the ballot, and finding that nobody had received a majority in either House, proceeded to a joint ballot in which nobody received a majority either. Afterwards, Stalwarts and Administration men met in separate conferences. The Stalwarts hung on to Conkling and Platt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 65], "content_span": [66, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0013-0001", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Election\nAt the Administration men's conference 61 State legislators were present and Chauncey M. Depew was the frontrunner for the long term (Class 1), but the anti-Conkling men were split into a handful of factions, unable to compromise. From June 2 on, joint ballots were taken every day, Monday through Saturday at noon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 65], "content_span": [66, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0014-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Election\nAfter almost three weeks of deadlock, it was believed that Governor Cornell would consider the votes cast for State Senator Jacobs as void, and to accept as elected any Republican candidate who would receive a simple majority of a quorum, meaning that if at least 81 votes were cast for all candidates except Jacobs, the frontrunner would be elected with 42. On this day, 155 legislators present, and 52 voting for Jacobs, somebody could claim to be elected with a vote of 52, and get his credentials issued by the governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 65], "content_span": [66, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0014-0001", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Election\nThus, when Ex-Vice President Wheeler had received 50 votes in the 23rd ballot, State Senator Charles A. Fowler (Dem., 14th D.) withdrew Jacobs's name before the end of the roll call, and the Democratic members who had voted already (the roll was called in alphabetical order of surnames, first Senate, then Assembly) asked to change their votes, which was granted by Lt. Gov. George G. Hoskins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 65], "content_span": [66, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0015-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Election\nAfter Jacobs's withdrawal during the 23rd ballot, a Democratic caucus was held in the afternoon of June 22, Assemblyman Michael C. Murphy presided. Ex-Congressman Clarkson N. Potter was nominated after an informal ballot, in which votes were scattered about 11 candidates, and a formal ballot in which Potter received a majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 65], "content_span": [66, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0016-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Election\nAfter a month of deadlock and 31 ballots, Thomas C. Platt withdrew from the contest on July 1, and most of the Platt men then switched to Richard Crowley. On the morning of the next day, President Garfield was shot and the news arrived in Albany just before the State Legislature met for the 33rd ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 65], "content_span": [66, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0017-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Election\nOn July 6, after the 37th ballot, the Anti- Conkling men met in conference. 59 legislators attended, and State Senator Dennis McCarthy presided. No agreement was reached, and a call was issued for a new conference to be held the next day. On July 7, after the 39th ballot, the Anti- Conkling conference was attended by 65 legislators, and a call for a regular Republican caucus was signed by 59 of them. On July 8, after the 41st ballot, a regular Republican caucus finally met. 64 legislators answered to the first roll call, and Thomas G. Alvord was chosen Chairman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 65], "content_span": [66, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0017-0001", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Election\nSince the Stalwarts were not attending, it was agreed that nominations were to be made with a minimum vote of 54, a majority of the total 106 Republican legislators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 65], "content_span": [66, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0017-0002", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Election\nThe frontrunner to succeed Platt (Class 1 seat), Chauncey M. Depew, withdrew from the contest for the sake of party unity, and the caucus instead nominated Congressman Warner Miller on the fifth ballot (First ballot: Miller 27, William A. Wheeler 22, Sherman S. Rogers 9, Noah Davis 2, Alonzo B. Cornell 2, William M. Evarts 2, Richard Crowley 1, Roscoe Conkling 1, Henry E. Temain 1; Second ballot: Miller 28, Wheeler 28, Rogers 10; Third ballot: similar to second; Fourth ballot: Miller 32 then withdrawal of Rogers, then many changes, then withdrawal of Wheeler; Fifth ballot: Miller unanimously).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 65], "content_span": [66, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0017-0003", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Election\nThen they nominated on the second ballot Congressman Elbridge G. Lapham to succeed Conkling (First ballot: Lapham 38, Cornell 12, Tremain 10, Crowley 5, James W. Wadsworth 1; Second ballot: Most votes for Lapham, then some changes, then a re-call of the roll, and finally unanimously). The Conkling men however refused to accept the caucus nominations and continued to vote for Conkling, and now for Wheeler instead of Crowley to succeed Platt. On July 11, after the 43rd ballot, the Stalwarts demanded a new caucus but the Chairman of the State Senate Caucus Committee Dennis McCarthy refused to issue a call.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 65], "content_span": [66, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0018-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Election\nOn July 16, after seven weeks of deadlock, Warner Miller was elected on the 48th ballot to succeed Platt. Conkling held out for another week. On July 22, after the 55th ballot, the Republican legislators met in conference. 76 legislators attended, State Senator Dennis McCarthy presided, and this conference issued the call for a caucus to meet at 3\u00a0p.m. The caucus was attended by Stalwarts and Administration men, all Republican legislators who had voted on the previous ballot being present.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 65], "content_span": [66, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0018-0001", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Election\nThey nominated Elbridge G. Lapham on the first ballot (vote: Lapham 61, Conkling 28, Stewart L. Woodford 1, William M. Evarts 1), and the nomination was then \"made unanimous.\" At 5\u00a0p.m. another ballot, the 56th and last, was taken by the State Legislature, and Lapham was elected to succeed Conkling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 65], "content_span": [66, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026942-0019-0000", "contents": "1881 United States Senate special elections in New York, Aftermath\nLapham and Miller took their seats on October 11, 1881, and served single terms. Lapham remained in office until March 3, 1885; Miller until March 3, 1887. Conkling's political career effectively ended after this episode, the second longest deadlock in New York State legislative history. Platt returned to the U.S. Senate in 1897, and served two terms until 1909.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 66], "content_span": [67, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026943-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 VFA season\nThe 1881 Victorian Football Association season was the fifth season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the South Melbourne Football Club. It was the club's first VFA premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026943-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 VFA season, Association membership\nBetween the 1880 and 1881 seasons, the West Melbourne Football Club dropped out of the senior ranks of the Association, leaving seven clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026943-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 VFA season, 1881 VFA premiership\nThe 1881 premiership was won by the South Melbourne Football Club, with Geelong placing second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026943-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 VFA season, 1881 VFA premiership\nThe two clubs had almost equal records in senior matches played, with South Melbourne winning seven and drawing three of eleven matches, and Geelong winning seven and drawing two of ten matches. South Melbourne' sole loss was against Carlton, while Geelong's loss came against South Melbourne. It was thought that both could lay some claim to the premiership, but the consensus among the major newspapers was that South Melbourne was the premier club as the other match they played against Geelong had been drawn. Carlton finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026943-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 VFA season, 1881 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe below table details the playing records of the seven clubs in all matches during the 1881 season, where the information is available. Two sets of results are given:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026943-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 VFA season, 1881 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Australasian newspaper. The VFA had no formal process by which the clubs were ranked, so the below order should be considered indicative only, particularly since the fixturing of matches was not standardised; however, the top three placings were later acknowledged in publications including the Football Record and are considered official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026943-0006-0000", "contents": "1881 VFA season, 1881 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nIt is noted that although East Melbourne was a senior club in 1881, it was very uncompetitive, so, in its review of the season the Australasian did not consider matches against East Melbourne amongst its senior results. As such, in the below table, the 'Senior Results' does not include matches against East Melbourne, but East Melbourne's results against the other senior clubs are given.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026943-0007-0000", "contents": "1881 VFA season, 1881 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nSome data is missing from the below table based on the availability of information.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026943-0008-0000", "contents": "1881 VFA season, Intercolonial matches\nAssociation representative teams played four intercolonial matches during 1881: two against New South Wales, and two against South Australia. All were played under Victorian rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 38], "content_span": [39, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026944-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1881 Virginia gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1881. The Readjuster Party candidate William Evelyn Cameron won in a historic upset election. The Readjusters were a unique state mixture of Republicans, populist (or \"New Departure\") Democrats, freedmen, poor voters, and those in favor of \"re-adjusting\" the state debt owed to Northern banks for the various internal improvements financed before the war. Some of those internal improvements went to West Virginia, as they were physically located in there, as it counter-seceded from Virginia, who had sided with the Confederacy during the Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026944-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe Democratic candidate, John Warwick Daniel, was a Virginia State Delegate and Virginia State Senator who was elected Representative in 1882 and then United States Senator in 1886, succeeding the leader of the Readjuster Party, William Mahone. Cameron's Lieutenant Governor, a position that is separately elected, was Republican John Francis Lewis. Lewis at the time of his election was a United States Marshal, and had previously served as Lieutenant Governor before resigning to serve as Senator upon the readmission of the State of Virginia to the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026945-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Welsh Cup Final\nThe 1881 Welsh Cup Final, was the 4th in the football competition. It was contested by Druids and Newtown White Star at the Racecourse Ground, Wrexham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026946-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Wimbledon Championship\nThe 1881 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 2 July until 13 July. It was the 5th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1881. The defending champion John Hartley lost in straight sets in the final to challenger William Renshaw, who defeated Hartley in 37 minutes, 6\u20130, 6\u20131, 6\u20131. The result is said to have been influenced by Hartley suffering from an attack of 'English cholera'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026947-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Wimbledon Championship \u2013 Singles\nWilliam Renshaw defeated Richard Richardson 6\u20134, 6\u20132, 6\u20133 in the All Comers' Final, and then defeated the reigning champion John Hartley 6\u20130, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1881 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026948-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1881 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026948-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nRepublican nominee Jeremiah McLain Rusk defeated Democratic nominee Nicholas D. Fratt and two other nominees with 47.57% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026948-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThis was the last Wisconsin gubernatorial election held in an odd-numbered year. In 1882, a constitutional amendment was carried moving gubernatorial elections to even-numbered years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026948-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Bibliography\nThis Wisconsin elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026949-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Worcester Worcesters season\nThe 1881 Worcester Worcesters finished with a 32\u201350 record, last place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026949-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 Worcester Worcesters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026949-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 Worcester Worcesters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026949-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 Worcester Worcesters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026950-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1881 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1881 college football season. The team compiled a 5\u20130\u20131 record, did not allow opposing teams to score a single point, outscored all opponents, 10-0, and was retroactively named co-national champions by the National Championship Foundation and Parke H. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026951-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 college football season\nThe 1881 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Princeton and Yale as having been selected national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026953-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1881 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026953-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 in Australia, Census\nIn the mid-19th century the colonial statisticians encouraged compatibility between the colonies in their respective censuses, and in 1881 a census was held simultaneously in each of the colonies. This was part of a census of the British Empire. The questions posed in the colonies were not uniform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026953-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 in Australia, Census\nNorthern Territory was counted within South Australia (286,211) and was 3,451 plus 6,346 Aboriginals in settled districts. The population of Western Australia did not include full-blood Aborigines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026953-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 in Australia, Census\nThe population of greater Melbourne was 282,947 and of Sydney was 224,939.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026954-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026954-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1881 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026954-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1881 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026955-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in Belgium\nThe following lists events that happened during 1881 in the Kingdom of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026957-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in Canada, Historical documents\nJohn A. Macdonald expounds on CPR's troubled past and secure future in House of Commons speech", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026957-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 in Canada, Historical documents\nWilfrid Laurier accuses Conservatives of \"having sacrificed the public cause to personal cupidity\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026957-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 in Canada, Historical documents\nOjibwa entertain Governor General at Rat Portage (Kenora), Ont. (Note: racial stereotypes)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026957-0003-0000", "contents": "1881 in Canada, Historical documents\nChief Poundmaker tells Cree and Blackfoot legends to Governor General on tour", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026957-0004-0000", "contents": "1881 in Canada, Historical documents\nColourful Blackfoot riders meet Governor General (Note: \"savage\" and other stereotypes)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026957-0005-0000", "contents": "1881 in Canada, Historical documents\nNova Scotia woman tries to find maid for $4/month, and describes some of the work", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026958-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1881 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026959-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in China\nThe following lists events that happened during 1881 in China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026965-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1881 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026965-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nThe general election is held on 9 December. Afterwards the 8th New Zealand Parliament begins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026967-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1881 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026971-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1881 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026974-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1881 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026974-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 in Wales, Arts and literature\nThe Cambrian Academy of Art is formed by English and Welsh artists in North Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 34], "content_span": [35, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026976-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in architecture\nThe year 1881 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026978-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1881 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026979-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1881  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026979-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 in baseball, Champions\nInter-league playoff:  New York Mets (ECA) def. Chicago (NL), 2 games to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026980-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026982-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026983-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026983-0001-0000", "contents": "1881 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026983-0002-0000", "contents": "1881 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026984-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026985-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in science\nThe year 1881 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026986-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in sports\n1881 in sports describes the year's events in world sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026988-0000-0000", "contents": "1881 in the United States\nEvents from the year 1881 in the United States. For the second time in history (after 1841), the country had three different presidents in one calendar year: Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, and Chester A. Arthur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026989-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u20131882 census of the Ottoman Empire\n1881\u20131882 census of the Ottoman Empire  was a multi-year census effort that the preparations for the forms and registration committees finished in 1884-1885 (also refereed as 1881-1883 census) which from this date a continuous flow of information collected with yearly reports until final record issued in 1893 (also refereed as 1881-1893 census). The first official census (1881\u20131893) took 10 years to finish. Grand Vizier Cevat Pasha submitted the census records in a bound manuscript to the sultan, Abdulhamid II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026990-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u20131896 cholera pandemic\nThe fifth cholera pandemic (1881\u20131896) was the fifth major international outbreak of cholera in the 19th century. It spread throughout Asia and Africa, and reached parts of France, Germany, Russia, and South America. It claimed 200,000 lives in Russia between 1893 and 1894; and 90,000 in Japan between 1887 and 1889. The 1892 outbreak in Hamburg, Germany was the biggest European outbreak; about 8,600 people died in that city. Although many residents held the city government responsible for the virulence of the epidemic (leading to cholera riots in 1893), it continued with practices largely unchanged. This was the last serious European cholera outbreak of the century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026990-0001-0000", "contents": "1881\u20131896 cholera pandemic\nPope Leo XIII authorized the construction of a hospice inside the Vatican for afflicted residents of nearby Roman neighbourhoods. That building was torn down in 1996 to make way for construction of the Domus Sanctae Marthae.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026990-0002-0000", "contents": "1881\u20131896 cholera pandemic\nThe events surrounding the cholera pandemic in Bologna in 1855 were described by the city's Sanitation Department or Delegation, published in 1857. The treatise also describes prior plagues afflicting the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026990-0003-0000", "contents": "1881\u20131896 cholera pandemic, Scientific debate\nDuring the pandemic, Robert Koch isolated Vibrio cholerae and proposed postulates to explain how bacteria caused disease. His work helped to establish the germ theory of disease.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 45], "content_span": [46, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026990-0004-0000", "contents": "1881\u20131896 cholera pandemic, Scientific debate\nPrior to this time, many physicians believed the disease was caused by direct exposure to the products of filth and decay. Koch helped establish that the disease was more specifically contagious and was transmitted by exposure to the feces of an infected person, including through contaminated water supply.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 45], "content_span": [46, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026990-0005-0000", "contents": "1881\u20131896 cholera pandemic, Mark Twain\nAmerican author Mark Twain, an avid traveler, visited Hamburg during the cholera outbreak, and he described his experience in a short, uncollected piece dated \"1891\u20131892\". Therein, he notes alarmingly the lack of information in Hamburg newspapers about the cholera event, particularly death totals. He also criticizes the treatment of the poor, as many, Twain says, were getting \"snatched from their homes to the pest houses\", where \"a good many of them ... die unknown and are buried so\". Twain concludes by lamenting the lack of awareness worldwide, especially in America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026991-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Bolton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe 1881\u201382 season was the first season in which Bolton Wanderers competed in a senior competitive football competition. The club entered the FA Cup in October 1881, but were knocked out in the second round by Blackburn Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026992-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1881\u201382 season was the ninth Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026992-0001-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nDumbarton reached the final of the Scottish Cup for the second consecutive season. During the early years of the Cup, lodging a protest to a cup result was common place, and this season Dumbarton required to defeat both Hibernian and Rangers twice following successful protests. The final opponents again were Glasgow giants Queen's Park; however, after a 2\u20132 draw in the first game, Dumbarton succumbed 1\u20134 in the replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026992-0002-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Dumbarton F.C. season, Glasgow Charity Cup\nDumbarton once again took part in the Glasgow Charity Cup during the season and after a fine replay victory over Rangers in the semi final, came up against their old local rivals Vale of Leven in the final. The game finished in a 2\u20132 draw, after which there was to be a half hour's extra time. Vale of Leven did not reappear, and the referee ordered Dumbarton to kick off, which they did and duly scored. However the Charity committee decided that a replay should be played, and despite having the majority of the game the 'Vale' won by a single goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026992-0003-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDuring the season 15 'friendly' matches were played, including home and away fixtures against Vale of Leven, 3rd LRV and St Bernards (including a game to celebrate the opening of St Bernards new stadium at Powderhall), an 11\u20131 thrashing of Lanarkshire Cup holders, Thistle and three games against north of England opposition. In all, 10 were won, 2 drawn and 3 lost, scoring 61 goals and conceding 19.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026992-0004-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOf note amongst those donning the club colours for the first time was Leitch Keir. Leaving the club, after a playing career spanning over six seasons which included an international cap for Scotland, was Archie Lang.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026992-0005-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026992-0006-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\nAn international trial match was played on 4 March 1882 to consider selection of teams to represent Scotland in the upcoming games against England and Wales. Jock Hutcheson, Joe Lindsay, James McAulay and Peter Miller all took part.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026992-0007-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\nAs a result, Dumbarton's James McAulay and Peter Miller earned their first caps playing for Scotland against Wales and England respectively. McAulay scored a goal in the 5\u20130 win over the Welsh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026992-0008-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative match\nJock Hutcheson and James McAulay played in the Scotch Counties team which played Birmingham & District on 25 February 1882. The 'Scotch' men lost 1\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026992-0009-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nAs association football developed in Scotland, it was quite common when '1st XIs' played a fixture, a corresponding 'reserve' match would be played at the same time on the opposing side's ground. However it was not until 1882 that the first competition at national level for reserve sides made its debut \u2013 the Scottish Second XI Cup. Dumbarton went on to win the inaugural contest, beating Vale of Leven 3\u20130 in the final \u2013 the club's first national success.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026993-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 FA Cup\nThe 1881\u201382 Football Association Challenge Cup was the eleventh staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. Seventy-three teams entered, eleven more than the previous season, although five of the seventy-three never played a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026994-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nSeason 1881\u201382 was the seventh season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the seventh time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026994-0001-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts were knocked out in the first round of the Scottish Cup by St Bernard's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026994-0002-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nLater in the season they reached the second round of the Edinburgh FA Cup being beaten by rival Hibs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026995-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Hibernian F.C. season\nSeason 1881\u201382 was the fifth in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the fifth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026995-0001-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nHibs reached the fifth round of the Scottish Cup, losing 6\u20132 to Dumbarton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026996-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches\nThe 1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches were a series of international rugby football matches played between the England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales national rugby union teams. This was the last season before the introduction of the Home Nations Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026996-0001-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches\nThe only recognised competition held between the countries was the annual Calcutta Cup match, contested between England and Scotland. It was the fourth challenge for the trophy, and the first time Scotland won it, beating England by two tries to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026996-0002-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026996-0003-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Ireland vs. Wales\nIreland: RE McLean (NIFC), JR Atkinson, Thomas St. George McCarthy (Dublin University), WW Fletcher (Kingston), EH Greene (Dublin University), GC Bent (Dublin University), AJ Forrest (Wanderers) capt., JM Kennedy (Wanderers), F Kennedy (Wanderers), HB Morell (Dublin University), EA McCarthey (Kingstown), WA Wallis (Wanderers), AJ Downing (Dublin University), FS Heuston (Kingstown), RG Thompson (Lansdowne)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026996-0004-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Ireland vs. Wales\nWales: Charles Lewis (Llandovery College) capt., Samuel Clark (Neath), William Norton (Cardiff), Bill Evans (Rhymney), Charlie Newman (Newport), George Frederick Harding (Newport), James Bridie (Newport), Hugh Vincent (Bangor), Frank Purdon (Swansea) Tom Clapp (Nantyglo), Bob Gould (Newport), Thomas Baker Jones (Newport), William David Phillips (Cardiff), Tom Williams (Pontypridd), George Morris (Swansea)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026996-0005-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Ireland vs. Wales\nThis match was the first ever meeting between the two nations rugby union teams; and resulted in the first ever Welsh victory over international opposition. Ten of the Irish teams were new caps, which reflected the makeshift nature of the Irish team after ten of the original squad withdrew before the match. Kennedy of Ireland withdrew with an injury after half an hour of play and Atkinson took a serious injury to his nose. The match itself was frequently disrupted after disputes broke out from both sides, with Wales finishing victorious.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026996-0006-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Ireland vs. Wales\nThe sports correspondent from The Irish Times wrote a damning article in his match coverage, referring to the \"dormant apathy\" of the Irish team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026996-0007-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Ireland vs. England\nIreland: RB Walkington (NIFC), RE McLean (Dublin University), EJ Wolfe (NIFC), WW Pike (Kingstown), M Johnston (Dublin University), GC Bent (Dublin University), AJ Forrest (Wanderers),  JW Taylor (NIFC) capt., R Nelson (Queens's University), HB Morell (Dublin University), WEA Cummins (Cork), JA McDonald (Queen's University), RW Hughes (NIFC), TR Johnson-Smyth (Lansdowne), OS Stokes (Cork Bankers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 74], "content_span": [75, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026996-0008-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Ireland vs. England\nEngland: A. N. Hornby (Manchester), WN Bolton (Blackheath), E Beswick (Swinton), R Hunt (Manchester), HT Twynam (Richmond), HC Rowley (Manchester), JI Ward (Richmond), Charles Gurdon (Richmond) capt., BB Middleton (Birkenhead Park), Harry Vassall (Blackheath), Herbert Fuller (Bath), JT Hunt (Manchester), GT Thomson (Halifax), A Spurling (Blackheath), WW Hewitt (Queen's House)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 74], "content_span": [75, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026996-0009-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Scotland vs. Ireland\nScotland: T Anderson (Merchiston), Bill Maclagan (Glasgow Academicals), F Hunter (Edinburgh University), WS Brown (Edinburgh Inst. FP), AGG Asher (Oxford University), G Macleod (Glasgow Academicals), R Ainslie (Edinburgh Inst. FP), C Reid (Edinburgh Academical), DY Cassels (West of Scotland) capt., D. Somerville (Edinburgh Inst. FP), D McCowan (West of Scotland), R Maitland (Edinburgh Inst. FP), T Ainslie(Edinburgh Inst. FP), AFC Gore (London Scottish), JB Brown (Glasgow Academicals)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026996-0010-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Scotland vs. Ireland\nIreland: RB Walkington (NIFC), RE McLean (Dublin University), JR Atkinson (Dublin University), RW Morrow (Queens's University), WW Fletcher (Kingstown), J Pedlow (Bessbrook), AC O'Sulivan (Dublin University), JW Taylor (NIFC) capt., R Nelson (Queens's University), JBW Buchanan (Dublin University), W Finlay (NIFC), JA McDonald (Queen's University), RW Hughes (NIFC), G Scriven (Dublin University), J Johnston (Belfast Acads)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026996-0011-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nEngland: A. N. Hornby (Manchester) capt., WN Bolton (Blackheath), E Beswick (Swinton), JH Payne (Broughton), HH Taylor (Blackheath), Charles Coates (Yorkshire Wanderers), WM Tatham (Oxford University), Charles Gurdon (Richmond), PA Newton (Blackheath), Harry Vassall (Oxford University), Herbert Fuller (Cambridge University), JT Hunt (Manchester), GT Thomson (Halifax), ET Gurdon (Richmond), HC Rowley (Manchester)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026996-0012-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nScotland: JP Veitch (Royal HSFP), Bill Maclagan (Glasgow Academicals), A Philip (Edinburgh Inst. FP), WS Brown (Edinburgh Inst. FP), Andrew Ramsay Don-Wauchope (Cambridge University), Archibald Walker (West of Scotland), Robert Ainslie (Edinburgh Inst. FP), Charles Reid (Edinburgh Academical), DY Cassels (West of Scotland) capt., WA Walls (Glasgow Academicals), D McCowan (West of Scotland), Robert Maitland (Edinburgh Inst. FP), Thomas Ainslie (Edinburgh Inst. FP), JG Walker (West of Scotland), JB Brown (Glasgow Academicals)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026996-0013-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nAt the fourth attempt, Scotland won the Calcutta Cup for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026996-0014-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Wales vs. North of England\nAlthough not a full international, the match between Wales and the North of England was important for the establishment of the Home Nations Championship the following season. In 1881 Wales had suffered such a crushing defeat at the hands of the English that it their readiness for full international participation was brought into question. In 1882 it was therefore decided to put a North of England team against them. The winning margin attained by the North was by just a goal to a try. This good form shown by the Welsh added to their victory over Ireland, gained for them a place in the International fixtures of the future.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 81], "content_span": [82, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026997-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Irish Cup\nThe 1881\u201382 Irish Cup was the second edition of the premier knock-out cup competition in Irish football. The competition began in January 1882 with the first round and ended on 13 May 1882 with the final. Queen's Island won the tournament for the only time in their brief history, including eliminating the holders Moyola Park in the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026997-0001-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Irish Cup\nThe final was played between Queen's Island and Cliftonville and ended in a 1-0 victory to the former.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026997-0002-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Irish Cup, First round, Replays\nCastlederg, Cliftonville and Avoniel all advanced to the next round after Strabane did not play their replay with Castlederg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026997-0003-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Irish Cup, Quarter-finals, Replays\nA second replay was ordered between Avoniel and Distillery after protests that the match was ended four minutes early.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026998-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Morton F.C. season\nThe 1881\u201382 season was Morton Football Club's fifth season in which they competed at a national level, entering the inaugural Scottish Cup. The club competed in the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00026999-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1881\u201382 season is the 8th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027000-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Scottish Cup\nThe 1881\u201382 Scottish Cup \u2013 officially the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup \u2013 was the ninth season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. A total of 147 teams entered the competition, five more than the previous record set in 1879\u201380. For the second season in a row, defending champions Queen's Park played Dumbarton in the final. After the original match finished in a 2\u20132 draw on 18 March 1882, Queen's Park won the trophy for a sixth time with a 4\u20131 win in the replay 1 April 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027000-0001-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Scottish Cup, Calendar\nAs with the previous competitions, the eighth edition of the Scottish Cup took on the format of a traditional knockout tournament. For the earlier rounds, the names of competing teams were placed into lots according to their districts and drawn into pairs. The home team for each tie was determined by the toss of a coin unless it was mutually agreed or only one of the two clubs drawn against one another had a private ground. In the event of a draw, the team who lost the toss would have the choice of ground for the replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027000-0001-0001", "contents": "1881\u201382 Scottish Cup, Calendar\nA similar procedure was used for subsequent rounds however, any club which had received a bye in the previous round would first be drawn against one of the winners of the previous round. The names of winning teams were placed into one lot for later rounds. The choice of venue for the final matches was reserved to the Scottish Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027000-0002-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 147 teams entered the competition in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027000-0003-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Scottish Cup, First round\nAirdrie, Annbank, Clarkston, Dunblane, Dundee Harp, Dunfermline, Helensburgh Victoria, Luton and Queen of the South Wanderers received a bye to the second round. Glasgow University and Edinburgh University received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027000-0004-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Scottish Cup, Second round\nBrunswick, Cartvale, Johnstone, Kilbirnie, Petershill, Stranraer and Strathmore received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027000-0005-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Scottish Cup, Third round\nEdinburgh University, Glasgow University, Helensburgh, Hibernian, Kilmarnock Athletic, Milton of Campsie, Queen's Park, Thistle and Thornliebank received a bye to the fourth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027000-0006-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Scottish Cup, Fourth round\nBeith, Dumbarton, Shotts, South Western and Vale of Teith received a bye to the fifth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027001-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1881-82 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027001-0001-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027001-0002-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Scottish Districts season, History\nThis season saw the first time that Glasgow won the Inter-City match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027001-0003-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nGlasgow District: David Kidston (Glasgow Academicals), A. J. W. Reid (West of Scotland), C. W. Dunlop (West of Scotland),John Alexander Neilson (West of Scotland) and C. Ker (Glasgow Academicals),D. Y. Cassels (West of Scotland) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027001-0003-0001", "contents": "1881\u201382 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\ncaptain], David McCowan (West of Scotland), Archibald Walker (West of Scotland), R. Adam (West of Scotland), R. B. Young (Glasgow University), J. Lang (Glasgow University),John Blair Brown (Glasgow Academicals), R. A. Kerr (Glasgow Academicals), William Andrew Walls (Glasgow Academicals), George Robb (Glasgow Academicals)Edinburgh District:  J. P. Veitch (Royal HSFP), John Clegg (Edinburgh University), G. Lindsay (Loretto), G. T. Chadwick (Edinburgh University), W. S. Brown (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), A. Philp (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), R. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), D. Somerville (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), Robert Maitland (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), G. Macleod (Edinburgh Wanderers), G. Morrison (Edinburgh Wanderers), R. S. F. Henderson (Edinburgh University), F. Bateson (Edinburgh University), T. Jeffrey (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Wilson (Royal HSFP)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 944]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027001-0004-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nEast: J. P. Veitch (Royal HSFP), J. Glegg (Edinburgh University), A. Philp (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), W. S. Brown (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), W. K. Morton (Edinburgh University), R. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution F.P.) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027001-0004-0001", "contents": "1881\u201382 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\ncaptain], T. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), D. Somerville (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), R. S. F. Henderson (Edinburgh University), G. B. Guthrie (Edinburgh University), John Tod (Edinburgh University), G. McLeod (Edinburgh Wanderers), T. Jeffrey (Edinburgh Academicals), N. Watt (Royal HSFP), J. Wilson (Royal HSFP)West: D. W. Kidston (Glasgow Academicals), R. Campbell (Glasgow Academicals), C. W. Dunlop (West of Scotland), C. Kerr (Glasgow University), J. Adamson (West of Scotland), D. Y. Cassells (West of Scotland) [ captain], J. Adam (West of Scotland), A. Walker (West of Scotland), J. B. Brown (Glasgow Academicals), E. A. Kerr (Glasgow Academicals), G. H. Robb (Glasgow Academicals), W. A. Walls (Glasgow Academicals), B. Allan (Glasgow Academicals), J. S. Lang (Glasgow University), R. B. Young (Glasgow University)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 902]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027002-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Washington and Lee Generals men's soccer team\nThe 1881\u201382 Washington and Lee Generals men's soccer team represented Washington and Lee University during the 1881\u201382 college soccer season. The Washington and Lee team played one match, where they defeated VMI, 12-1 in their only match of the season. The team was retroactively determined the national champion that year by the American Soccer History Archives and the Intercollegiate Soccer Football Association, for having the best goal differential amongst teams that were undefeated during the 1881-82 academic year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027003-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 Welsh Cup\nThe 1881-82 Football Association of Wales Challenge Cup was the 5th season of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027004-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season\nThe 1881\u201382 season was the fourth season in the history of West Bromwich Albion Football Club. For this season only, Albion played their home matches at their third ground, Bunn's Field, which became known as The Birches. 1881\u201382 was Albion's first season of competitive football: the club entered the Birmingham Senior Cup for the first time, reaching the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027004-0001-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Birmingham Senior Cup\nAlbion took part in the Birmingham Senior Cup for the first time and were drawn away from home in the first four rounds. The club played their first recorded competitive match on 12 November 1881, winning 3\u20132 against Calthorpe. Albion then defeated Elwells and Fallings Heath, though the goalscorers for the first three rounds were not recorded. There followed a 5\u20132 fourth round victory over Notts Rangers. The semi-final took place at Aston Lower Grounds and was against Wednesbury Old Athletic. Billy Bisseker and Harry Aston scored for Albion but Wednesbury won 3\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027004-0002-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Friendly matches\nWith league football yet to be established, West Bromwich Albion took part in a number of friendly matches throughout the season. Billy Bisseker scored five goals in the 12\u20130 win against Milton. The record of the club's matches during their early years is not complete, thus several of the scores are missing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027005-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 in English football\nThe 1881\u201382 season was the 11th season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027005-0001-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 in English football, National team\nEngland played Ireland for the first time. Their 13\u20130 victory is still the team's largest ever win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027005-0002-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027006-0000-0000", "contents": "1881\u201382 in Scottish football\nThe 1881\u201382 season was the ninth season of competitive football in Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027007-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\n1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1882nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 882nd  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 82nd  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  3rd   year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1882, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027008-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1882 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on August 7, 1882, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027009-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Amherst football team\nThe 1882 Amherst football team represented the Amherst College during the 1882 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027010-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1882 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and early fall of 1882. This is the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. In the 1882 Atlantic season there were two tropical storms, two Category 1 hurricanes, and two major hurricanes (Category 3+). However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027010-0000-0001", "contents": "1882 Atlantic hurricane season\nAn undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. Of the known 1882 cyclones, Hurricane One and Hurricane Five were both first documented in 1996 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz, while Tropical Storm Three was first recognised in 1997. Partagas and Diaz also proposed large changes to the known track of Hurricane Two while further re-analysis, in 2000, led to the peak strengths of both Hurricane Two and Hurricane Six being increased. In 2011 the third storm of the year was downgraded from a hurricane to a tropical storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027010-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) recognizes six tropical cyclones for the 1882 season. In the 1882 Atlantic season there were two tropical storms, two Category 1 hurricanes, and two major hurricanes. Hurricane One is known, from ship reports, to have been active in the north Atlantic on August 24 and 25. Early in September, Hurricane Two impacted Cuba, Florida, Georgia and both South and North Carolina. The storm caused flooding and damaged property but is not known to have caused any loss of life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027010-0001-0001", "contents": "1882 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nTropical Storm Three formed in the Gulf of Mexico and made landfall near the Texas/Louisiana border on September 15. Tropical Storm Four formed north of the Bahamas and caused extensive flooding from North Carolina to Massachusetts. It eventually dissipated near Long Island on September 23. A tropical storm developed into a hurricane on September 25 but Hurricane Five remained at sea and did not make landfall. As a Category 4 hurricane, Hurricane Six was the strongest storm of 1882. The storm hit Cuba at that intensity but quickly weakened over the island and hit Florida as a tropical storm. The storm caused some considerable damage in Florida before moving out to sea. It dissipated on October 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027010-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nBased on reports from two ships, the 'Case' and 'Ida', a hurricane was active on August 24 in the North Atlantic. Its prior track is unknown, but the storm continued to the north-northeast. It was last seen on the 25th to the southeast of Newfoundland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027010-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nA tropical storm was first seen to the north of the Mona Passage on September 2. It moved to the west-northwest, reaching winds of 100\u00a0mph\u00a0(160\u00a0km/h) before hitting Cuba. It crossed the island, and turned north in the Gulf of Mexico. The hurricane peaked at 125\u00a0mph\u00a0(205\u00a0km/h) before hitting near Pensacola, Florida on September 10. It accelerated over the southeastern United States, crossing central Georgia, the western area of South Carolina and entered North Carolina on September 11.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027010-0003-0001", "contents": "1882 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nContinuing northward the storm moved offshore at Chesapeake Bay and after reaching the Atlantic Ocean, became extratropical near Nova Scotia. At Pensacola, the hurricane damaged crops, shipping and buildings. In Louisiana, half of the rice crop in Plaquemines Parish was destroyed by flooding. Flooding also occurred at Quarantine, Louisiana. It caused a landslide, and property damage throughout North Carolina but no deaths were reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027010-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three\nA tropical storm was first observed in the Gulf of Mexico on September 14. Its prior track is unknown, but it moved to the west-northwest, and hit land at the mouth of the Sabine Rivernear the Texas/Louisiana border on September 15. Port Eads, Louisiana recorded winds of 70\u00a0mph and a pressure of 29.38 inches. The storm brought a 3-foot (0.91\u00a0m) storm surge to Sabine Pass, causing moderate damage, and injured one person.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027010-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four\nA tropical storm formed north of the Bahamas on September 21. It moved north into North Carolina, landfalling near Cape Lookout. Near Wares Wharf on the Lower Rappahannock four mills were destroyed. Extensive flooding was reported from North Carolina to Massachusetts. In North Carolina bridges were swept away and railroads badly damaged. The storm moved over the mid-Atlantic coast, bringing heavy rain to Washington D.C. and eleven inches of rain to Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027010-0005-0001", "contents": "1882 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four\nThis storm brought a total of 10.62\" rain to Central Park (NYC) on 22-23 Sept which set both 2-day and 1-day extremes there (1869 to 2020 is period of record) -- the one day record was 8.28\" on 23rd. The storm passed into Chesapeake Bay before moving out to sea on September 23. It dissipated on the 24th near Long Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027010-0006-0000", "contents": "1882 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nOn September 24, a tropical storm was first seen off the coast of South Carolina. It moved to the northeast, and reached hurricane strength the next day. The hurricane turned to the east-northeast, and was last seen on September 28 to the southeast of Newfoundland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027010-0007-0000", "contents": "1882 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nThe Cuba Hurricane of 1882 On October 5, a tropical storm formed in the western Caribbean Sea. It drifted northward, and as it approached the coast of Cuba, it rapidly intensified to a 140\u00a0mph\u00a0(230\u00a0km/h) major hurricane. It weakened greatly over the island, never recovering while moving northward over the Gulf of Mexico. It made landfall on Florida as a tropical storm with maximum wind speeds of 44\u00a0mph at Jacksonville and 56\u00a0mph at Cedar Key. The storm caused considerable damage in North Florida to telegraph lines, wharves and small boats. It crossed Florida and went out to sea, dissipating on October 15. Its remnants brought heavy rain to Labrador, and left 140 fatalities in its path.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027011-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Baltimore Orioles season\nThe 19th century's version of the Baltimore Orioles were founded in 1882 as part of the new American Association. Owned by wealthy Harry Von der Horst, the Orioles finished the season in last place with only 19 wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027011-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027011-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027011-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027011-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027011-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027012-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Belgian general election\nPartial general elections were held in Belgium on 13 June 1882. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 79 of the 138 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 37 of the 69 seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 75.1%, although only 55,517 people were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027012-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Belgian general election\nUnder the alternating system, elections for the Chamber of Representatives were only held in four out of the nine provinces: Hainaut, Limburg, Li\u00e8ge and East Flanders. Special elections were also held in the arrondissements of Antwerp, Philippeville, Brussels, Nivelles and Namur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027012-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Belgian general election\nRun-off elections were held a week later, on 20 June 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027012-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Belgian general election\nA special election was also held in Li\u00e8ge on 16 October 1882 following the death of Dieudonn\u00e9 Mouton on 17 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027012-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Belgian general election, Constituencies\nThe distribution of seats among the electoral districts was as follows for the Chamber of Representatives, with the difference compared to the previous election due to population growth:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027013-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Belmont Stakes\nThe 1882 Belmont Stakes was the 16th running of the Belmont Stakes. It was held on June 8, 1882, at Jerome Park Racetrack in Fordham, Bronx, New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027013-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Belmont Stakes\nIn a field of three horses, Forester, the favorite ridden by Jim McLaughlin, won the event by five lengths over second place Babcock. For winning, Forester's owners received $2,600.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027013-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Belmont Stakes\nBred by August Belmont, Forester was the last New York-bred horse to win the Belmont Stakes before Tiz the Law won the 2020 Belmont Stakes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027014-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Birthday Honours\nThe 1882 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 23 May, 24 May  and 2 June 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027014-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027015-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Boston Red Caps season\nThe 1882 Boston Red Caps season was the twelfth season of the franchise. The Red Caps were a team in transition, as co-founder and longtime manager Harry Wright left the team and was replaced by John Morrill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027015-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027015-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027015-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027015-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027016-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1882 saw  the election of Albert Palmer, who defeated incumbent mayor Samuel Abbott Green.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027017-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 British Columbia general election\nThe 1882 British Columbia general election was held in 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027017-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 British Columbia general election, Political context, Non-party system\nThere were to be no political parties in the new province. The designations \"Government\" and \"Opposition\" and \"Independent\" (and variations on these) functioned in place of parties, but they were very loose and do not represent formal coalitions, more alignments of support during the campaign. \"Government\" meant in support of the current Premier; \"Opposition\" meant campaigning against him, and often enough the Opposition would win and immediately become the Government. The Elections British Columbia notes for this election describe the designations as \"Government (GOV.) candidates supported the administration of G.A.B. Walkem. Those opposed ran as Reform (REF. ), Opposition (OPP. ), Independent Reform (IND.REF. ), or Independent Opposition (IND.OPP.) candidates. Those who ran as straight Independents (IND.) were sometimes described as Government supporters (IND./GOV. ).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 958]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027017-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 British Columbia general election, Political context, The Beaven and Smithe governments\nThe election was precipitated by the resignation of Premier George Anthony Boomer Walkem. The Premiership was taken over by Robert Beaven, who managed to retain the reins of government though not with as much support as had been enjoyed by Walkem. His government lasted only about seven months, after which William Smithe became Premier due to shifting loyalties in the House, seeking and winning approval in the next election in May 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 92], "content_span": [93, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027017-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 British Columbia general election, Political context, Byelections not shown\nAny changes due to byelections are shown below the main table showing the theoretical composition of the House after the election. A final table showing the composition of the House at the dissolution of the Legislature at the end of this Parliament can be found below the byelections. The main table represents the immediate results of the election only, not changes in governing coalitions or eventual changes due to byelections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027017-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 British Columbia general election, Political context, List of ridings\nThe original ridings were increased by one (Cassiar) and Cowichan was reduced to a one-member seat, although the total of 25 members remained. There were no political parties were not acceptable in the House by convention, though some members were openly partisan at the federal level (usually Conservative, although both Liberal and Labour allegiance were on display by some candidates).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027017-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 British Columbia general election, Political context, Polling conditions\nNatives (First Nations) and Chinese were disallowed from voting, although naturalized Kanakas (Hawaiian colonists) and American and West Indian blacks and certain others participated. The requirement that knowledge of English be spoken for balloting was discussed but not applied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027017-0006-0000", "contents": "1882 British Columbia general election, Byelections\nAs customary, byelections were held to confirm the appointment of various members to the Executive Council (cabinet).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 51], "content_span": [52, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027017-0007-0000", "contents": "1882 British Columbia general election, Byelections\nSmithe's byelection acclamation confirmed him as Premier; Executive Council appointments were decided and made by the Lieutenant-Governor in this period, not by the Premier directly, but by the L-G in Consultation with the Premier (as still is the case, though only as a formal technicality, not in practice). The Premier's position itself was technically an appointment, as there were no political parties nor leaders, other than unofficial ones for each faction in the House to whom the Lieutenant-Governor would turn if their known caucus was sufficient to form a government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 51], "content_span": [52, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027017-0008-0000", "contents": "1882 British Columbia general election, Byelections\nOther byelections were held on the occasion of death, ill health, retirement and/or resignation for other reasons. These were won by:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 51], "content_span": [52, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027017-0009-0000", "contents": "1882 British Columbia general election, Composition of House at dissolution\nNote: Government/Opposition status applies to candidate at time of election in 1882, not at time of dissolution in 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027018-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Buffalo Bisons season\nThe 1882 Buffalo Bisons finished the season with a 45\u201339 record, good for third place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027018-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027018-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027018-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027018-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027018-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027019-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Bulgarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria in the autumn of 1882. These were the first elections since the suspension of the constitution by the Second Grand National Assembly on 13 July 1881. As part of the amendments adopted by the GNA, the number of representatives was brought down from 307 to 47, the lowest in Bulgarian history. The Liberal Party boycotted the poll in protest over last year's election campaign. This resulted in another conservative majority. The assembly convened on 10 December 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027019-0000-0001", "contents": "1882 Bulgarian parliamentary election\nUnlike last time, the conservatives showed a surprising degree of independence, that was shown primarily against the Russians. Disagreements over foreign and domestic policies (such as railway construction) led prince Alexander I and the Assembly to stand against Russian influence and restore the constitution on 6 September 1883. This prompted the departure of Russian generals Leonid Sobolev and Alexander Kaulbars and then the forming of a coalition government between Liberals and Conservatives chaired by Dragan Tsankov.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027020-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 California gubernatorial election\nThe 1882 California gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1882, to elect the governor of California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027021-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Canadian federal election\nThe 1882 Canadian federal election was held on June 20, 1882, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 5th Parliament of Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027021-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Canadian federal election\nPrime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald's Conservatives and Liberal-Conservatives retained power, defeating the Liberal Party of Edward Blake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027022-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election\nThe Carmarthen by-election, 1882 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Carmarthen Boroughs in West Wales on 4 January 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027022-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election was caused by the appointment of the sitting Liberal MP, Benjamin Thomas Williams as a county court judge. Williams had himself been elected as MP for Carmarthen at a by-election in 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027022-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election, Candidates\nThe Liberals selected John Jones Jenkins, an Alderman and magistrate from Swansea, where he had been mayor three times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027022-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election, The result\nThere being no other candidates putting themselves forward Jenkins was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027023-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1882 Chicago White Stockings season was the 11th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 7th in the National League and the 5th at Lakefront Park. The White Stockings won the National League championship with a record of 55\u201329, 3 games ahead of the second place Providence Grays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027023-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027023-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027023-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027023-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027024-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Cincinnati Red Stockings season\nThe 1882 Cincinnati Red Stockings season was a season in American baseball. It was the first season for the team as a member of the American Association. This team took the nickname from the previous National League team that played during 1876\u20131879, but was otherwise unrelated. The Red Stockings (sometimes called the \"Reds\") won the first American Association championship this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027024-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nBefore the season began, the Red Stockings named catcher Pop Snyder as the player-manager. Snyder spent the 1881 season with the Boston Red Caps of the National League, hitting .228 with 16 RBI. Cincinnati also signed some familiar players, as Will White and Hick Carpenter spent time with the Cincinnati Reds of the National League. White saw limited action with the Detroit Wolverines, while Carpenter hit .216 with two home runs and 31 RBI with the Worcester Worcesters during the 1881 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027024-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nCarpenter had a breakout season, as he led the AA with 67 RBI and 120 hits, and led the Red Stockings with a .342 batting average. Snyder hit .291 with a homer and 50 RBI, while Joe Sommer hit .288 with a homer, 29 RBI and a team high 82 runs, while leading the league with 354 at-bats. On the mound, White returned to his 1879 form, as he led the AA with 40 wins, while posting a 1.54 ERA in 480 innings pitched.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027024-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nThe Red Stockings lost their first ever game, as the Pittsburgh Alleghenys defeated Cincinnati 10\u20139 at Bank Street Grounds. The team hovered around the .500 level, as they had a record of 8\u20139 record in their first 17 games, sitting in fourth place. The Red Stockings then went on a 10-game winning streak and rose to first place in the American Association. Cincinnati stayed hot for the rest of the season, finishing with a 55\u201325 record and winning the American Association pennant, 11.5 games ahead of the second place Philadelphia Athletics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027024-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 81], "content_span": [82, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027024-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027024-0006-0000", "contents": "1882 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027024-0007-0000", "contents": "1882 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027025-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Cleveland Blues season\nThe 1882 Cleveland Blues finished the season at 42\u201340, fifth place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027025-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027025-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027025-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027026-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Clifton Athletic Club football team\nThe 1882 Clifton Athletic Club football team represented Johns Hopkins University in the sport of American football during the 1882 college football season. Hopkins' first team was assembled in 1881, and spent an entire year training and learning a version of the game. Their sport, which was closer to rugby, was played in Druid Hill Park. After the training, the team planned a two-game 1882 season. The squad had to play the season under the title of the Clifton Athletic Club, due to the school's policy on the sport of football. The first was a practice game with the Baltimore Athletic Club, played on October 7. The Hopkins team lost the contest 4\u20130. The following game was their first true game, to be played against the Naval Academy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027026-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Clifton Athletic Club football team\nCadet Vaulx Carter reintroduced football to the United States Naval Academy. Acting as both a player and a coach, Carter procured a single game for the Academy to play. The team challenged the Baltimore-based Clifton Athletic Club to a game during the Academy's Thanksgiving Day athletic carnival. The Clifton team was actually made up of players from Johns Hopkins, who were unable to play as their school due to the institution's harsh opinion on football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027026-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Clifton Athletic Club football team, Navy game\nThe Baltimore American, describing the 1883 contest in a short article.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027026-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Clifton Athletic Club football team, Navy game\nIt snowed heavily before the game, to the point where players for both teams had to clear layers of snow off of the field, making large piles of snow along the sides of the playing ground. The field was 110 yards by 53 yards, with goalposts 25 feet (7.6\u00a0m) apart and 20 feet (6.1\u00a0m) high. The first half of the game went scoreless; the Baltimore American reported that \"the visitors pushed Navy every place but over the goal line in the first half\". During play, the ball was kicked over the seawall a number of times, once going so far out it had to be retrieved by boat before play could continue. The American described the second half in detail:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027026-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Clifton Athletic Club football team, Navy game\nCadet George Washington Street was identified as the first person ever to score a touchdown for the Naval Academy. The Baltimore Sun stated that William Abrose O'Malley was the cadet who caught Street's blocked kick and scored the second touchdown. The Sun also covered, in detail, the uniforms the squads wore; Johns Hopkins sported black and light blue striped jerseys and caps, with white pants and blue socks. The Naval Academy wore maroon socks, caps, and belts, with white pants and jerseys. Both teams also nailed strips of leather to the bottom of their shoes to help deal with slipping.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027027-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Colombian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in the United States of Colombia in 1882. The result was a victory for Francisco Javier Zald\u00faa of the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027027-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Colombian presidential election, Electoral system\nThe 1863 constitution changed the electoral system from a direct vote to an indirect vote. The President was now elected on the basis of which candidate received the most votes in each state, with a candidate required to win in at least five of the nine states to be elected. If no candidate received a majority, Congress would elect the President from the main contenders. Following the tensions around the 1875 elections of the electoral college, constitutional reforms in 1876 ended the staggered nature of the college elections, requiring that all electors were elected on the same day across the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027028-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Colorado College Tigers football team\nThe 1882 Colorado College Tigers football team represented Colorado College during the 1882 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027029-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Colorado gubernatorial election\nThe 1882 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1882. Democratic nominee James Benton Grant defeated Republican nominee E. L. Campbell with 51.07% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027030-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Columbia football team\nThe 1882 Columbia football team represented Columbia University in the 1882 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027031-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Columbian University football team\nThe 1882 Columbian University football team was an American football team that represented Columbian University (now known as George Washington University) as an independent during the 1882 college football season. They played one game, a tie against Alexandria Episcopal High School.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027032-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1882 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1882. Democratic nominee Thomas M. Waller defeated Republican nominee Morgan Bulkeley with 51.04% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027033-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Costa Rican general election\nThe 1882 presidential election of Costa Rica in 1882 was the first after a long line of successive de facto governments following the coup against Aniceto Esquivel S\u00e1enz by his former ally Tom\u00e1s Guardia Guti\u00e9rrez. Vicente Herrera Zeled\u00f3n, Costa Rica's first conservative president, was placed in Esquivel's place, but in practice he was a puppet of Guardia's authoritarian regime. After the brief presidency of Herrera who resigned using health reasons as excuse, the political elite appoints Guardia to replace him. However Guardia died in 1882 and elections were called, which were won by Freemason and liberal Pr\u00f3spero Fern\u00e1ndez Oreamuno member of the Olympus Generation, an elite group of liberal intellectuals nicknamed as such due to their arrogance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 790]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027033-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Costa Rican general election\nFern\u00e1ndez Oreamuno died in office on March 12, 1885, being replaced by the vice president and fellow Olympus member Bernardo Soto Alfaro, for the rest of his term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027034-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Dartmouth football team\nThe 1882 Dartmouth football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1882 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027035-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Delaware gubernatorial election\nThe 1882 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1882. Incumbent Democratic Governor John W. Hall was unable to seek re-election. Former State Senator Charles C. Stockley ran as the Democratic nominee to succeed Hall and faced Republican nominee Albert Curry. The Republican Party campaigned on organizing a new constitutional convention and launched a vigorous statewide effort. However, Stockley defeated Curry by a decisive margin and a unanimously Democratic state legislature was elected alongside him, securing the Party's dominance in the state for another four years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027035-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Delaware gubernatorial election, Bibliography\nThis Delaware elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027036-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Detroit Wolverines season\nThe 1882 Detroit Wolverines finished the season with a 42\u201341 record, good for fifth place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027036-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Detroit Wolverines season\nDuring the season, Detroit owner William G. Thompson had a private investigator look into umpire Richard Higham, after suspicions of matchfixing, which resulted in Higham becoming the only umpire to be banned in MLB history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027036-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027036-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027036-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027036-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027036-0006-0000", "contents": "1882 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027037-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 English cricket season\n1882 was the 96th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). England lost to Australia in the match which gave rise to the Ashes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027037-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 English cricket season, Events\nFurther details can be found in the articles History of Test cricket (to 1883) and The Ashes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027037-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027038-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Ennis by-election\nThe Ennis by-election of 1882 took place on 14 November 1882. The by-election, to the House of Commons constituency of Ennis, arose due to the resignation of the incumbent MP, James Lysaght Finegan, a supporter of the Home Rule League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027038-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Ennis by-election\nTwenty-one year old Matthew Joseph Kenny, a barrister, was nominated as candidate of the Home Rule League. Robert Carey Reeves, Deputy Lieutenant and a local landlord, was nominated as the Liberal-Conservative candidate. With just 263 registered voters, the turnout was small. Kenny received 136 votes, as against 95 for Carey Reeves, a Home Rule majority of 41.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027038-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Ennis by-election\nIn the General Election of 1885, Reeves contested the West Clare seat, but failed to be elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027039-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Epsom Derby\nThe 1882 Epsom Derby was a horse race which took place at Epsom Downs on 24 May 1882. It was the 102nd running of the Derby. The race was won by Shotover in a popular victory for Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster. The winner was ridden by Tom Cannon Sr., and thus became the first filly ever to win the first two legs of the English Triple Crown: the 2000 Guineas at Newmarket and the Derby at Epsom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027040-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 FA Cup Final\nThe 1882 FA Cup Final was contested by Old Etonians and Blackburn Rovers at the Kennington Oval. Old Etonians won 1\u20130, the only goal scored, according to most reports, by William Anderson, although another, questionably, gives Reginald Macaulay. It was the last final to be won by one of the Southern \"gentleman amateur\" teams who had dominated the first decade of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027040-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 FA Cup Final, Summary\nIn the final, played at Kennington Oval on 25 March 1882, the Old Etonians met Blackburn Rovers, who were the first team from outside London and the Home counties to appear in an FA Cup Final. Blackburn included England internationals, Fred Hargreaves and his brother, John, and Jimmy Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027040-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 FA Cup Final, Summary\nThe Old Boys dominated the early stages of the match but Rovers defended well until, according to the match report in Gibbons' \"Association Football in Victorian England\", \"following an expert through ball by Dunn, Macaulay steered the ball between the Blackburn goalposts to secure a well-deserved half-time lead\". However, a tribute in The Times (1937) states Macaulay was fond of recalling he outpaced the Blackburn players and helped towards the goal, without claiming to have scored it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027040-0002-0001", "contents": "1882 FA Cup Final, Summary\nOther reports identify the scorer differently: Bell's Life in London, The Field and The Times stated it was Anderson, the first two detailing the ball had been successively passed to him by Macaulay and Dunn, while The Sporting Life stated the ball was centred \"to the front of the posts\" by Novelli before it was kicked \"out of a brief and loose bully\" (i.e. a scrimmage) by an unnamed player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027040-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 FA Cup Final, Summary\nAlso varied is the time at which the goal was reportedly scored: eight minutes from the start by Bell's Life, ten minutes by The Sportsman, and \"a quarter of an hour's play\" by The Sporting Life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027040-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 FA Cup Final, Summary\nThe Old Etonians were able to prevent Blackburn from scoring in the second half, thus claiming the cup for the second time in three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027040-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 FA Cup Final, Aftermath\nIn May 2013 a programme from the game sold at auction at Sotheby's for \u00a335,250, a world record for a football programme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027041-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Fordham football team\nThe 1882 Fordham football team represented Fordham University during the 1882 college football season. In the inaugural season of Fordham football, the team posted a 7\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027042-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Franklin North by-election\nThe 1882 Franklin North by-election  was a by-election held on 9 June 1882 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the rural South Auckland electorate of Franklin North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027042-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Franklin North by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the election of Benjamin Harris in the 1881 election being declared void on a petition of the losing candidate Frank Buckland. Chief Justice James Prendergast, and Justice Gillies declared the election void. Allegations were made of \"intimidation\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027043-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Grand National\nThe 1882 Grand National was the 44th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 24 March 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027043-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Grand National\nThe race was held on 24 March in some of the worst conditions ever seen in the race's history. The heavy snow and freezing conditions had put many off and there were only twelve starters including: Cyrus, The Scot, Eau de Vie, Zoedone, Fay and Seaman. Seaman was not a fit horse and he and his owner, Lord Manners, had only come to be in the race as the result of an extraordinary wager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027043-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Grand National, An extraordinary wager\nIn late 1881, the 3rd Baron Manners bet a large sum of money that he could buy, train and ride the winner of the 1882 Grand National. With just four months in which to prepare, he managed to procure Seaman, a six-year-old gelding, for \u00a31,900. The vendor, an Irishman called Henry Linde, expressed his concerns over the sickly Seaman and didn't believe the horse was capable of such a feat, even if there had been sufficient time in which to train him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027043-0002-0001", "contents": "1882 Grand National, An extraordinary wager\nIt was widely held that Manners lacked the riding ability and experience necessary to win such a tough race. Lord Manners, recognising his own short comings, set about entering as many amateur races as he could in order to gain some experience. He had limited success until three weeks before the National, when he won the Grand Military Gold Cup at Sandown, riding a horse called Chancellor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027043-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Grand National, The race\nOn 24 March, in heavy snow, twelve horses lined up for the start of the 1882 Grand National. The dreadful conditions caused some of the more cautious riders to hold back and it was another outsider that took an early lead. Eau de Vie was jumping well despite the heavy going and managed to maintain the lead until the second lap when his rider's stirrup broke on the approach to Becher's Brook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027043-0003-0001", "contents": "1882 Grand National, The race\nBy this time, there were only six runners left as many had retired, and as Eau de Vie swerved off into the crowd, Zoedone took the lead, with Fay, Cyrus, Seaman and The Scot following. With only two fences left before the home straight, Cyrus moved out in front and looked certain to win. Seaman in second place looked exhausted and was starting to go lame but with just 300 yards to go, Seaman managed to find something and with the determined Manners driving him on, won the race by a head; much to the amazement of the crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027043-0003-0002", "contents": "1882 Grand National, The race\nA long way behind was Zoedone, who went on to win the 1883 National. Montauban was effectively pulled up after jumping the final hurdle, but in walking in, technically completed the course in fourth and last place. Seaman never raced again but lived with the family at the family home for the rest of its life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027044-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Gundagai colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Gundagai on 23 November 1882 because of the death of William Forster. Parliament was dissolved on the same day as the polling and so Bruce Smith could not take his seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027045-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1882 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1882 college football season. They finished with an 8\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027046-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1882 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 29 November 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027047-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Italian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Italy on 29 October 1882, with a second round of voting on 5 November. The \"ministerial\" left-wing bloc emerged as the largest in Parliament, winning 289 of the 508 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027047-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Italian general election, Electoral system\nShortly before the elections the voting age was lowered from 25 to 21 and the tax requirement lowered from \u20a440 to \u20a419.80, whilst men with three years of primary education were exempted from it. This resulted in the number of eligible voters increasing from 621,896 at the 1880 elections to 2,017,829. The electoral system was changed from one based on single-member constituencies to one based on small multi-member constituencies with between two and five seats. Voters had as many votes as there were candidates, except in constituencies with five seats, in which they were limited to four votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027047-0001-0001", "contents": "1882 Italian general election, Electoral system\nTo be elected in the first round a candidate needed an absolute majority of the votes cast and to receive a number of votes equivalent to at least one-eighth of the number registered voters. If a second round was required, the number of candidates going through was double the number of seats available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027047-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nThe Historical Left was led by the Prime Minister of Italy, Agostino Depretis, a prominent member of the Italian politics for decades. The bloc of the Historical Right was led by Marco Minghetti, a conservative politician and former Prime Minister, from Bologna. A third large parliamentary group was the Historical Far-Left, a far-left organization led by Agostino Bertani, an Italian revolutionary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027047-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Italian general election, Electoral campaign\nThe \"Ministerial\" left-wing bloc emerged as the largest in Parliament, winning 289 of the 508 seats; the Right arrived second with 147 seats. Depretis was confirmed Prime Minister by king Umberto I.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027048-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1882 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1882. Democratic nominee George Washington Glick defeated incumbent Republican John St. John with 46.40% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027049-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1882 Kentucky Derby was the 8th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 16, 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027050-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Lafayette football team\nThe 1882 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1882 college football season. The team was the first to play intercollegiate football for Lafayette, compiling an 0\u20132 record. Henry Craven was the team captain, and W. R. Wilson was the manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027050-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Lafayette football team\nIn the first game of the season, Rutgers scored eight touchdowns and no goals; Lafayette scored three touchdowns and no goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027051-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Lake Forest football team\nThe 1882 Lake Forest football team represented Lake Forest College during the 1882 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027052-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Liechtenstein general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liechtenstein in April and May 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027052-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Liechtenstein general election, Electors\nElectors were selected through elections that were held between 19 and 25 April. Each municipality had two electors for every 100 inhabitants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027052-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nThe election of Oberland's Landtag members and substitutes was held on 2 May in Vaduz. Of Oberland's 114 electors, 105 were present. Oberland elected seven Landtag members and three substitutes. Electors from Schaan left the election in protest as no Landtag member had been elected from their municipality but the election continued.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027052-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nThe election of Unterland's Landtag members and substitutes was held on 3 May in Mauren. Of Unterland's 68 electors, 67 were present. Unterland elected five Landtag members and three substitutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027052-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nWendelin Erni and Wilhelm Schlegel were tied in the first ballot for the election of Oberland's Landtag members, but Schlegel did not accept his election. Johann Alois Schlegel and Franz Wolfinger did not also accept their election as Oberland's Landtag members. Rudolf Quaderer did not accept his election as Oberland's substitute. Ferdinand Walser was substituted in as a Landtag member for Oberland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027052-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nFranz Josef Kind did not accept his election as one of Unterland's substitutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027053-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Wednesday 1 November 1882. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027053-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No.2, Scotland, 7 August 1883\nCaused by the death of Councillor Patrick de Lacy Garton (Irish Home Rule, Scotland, elected 1 November 1880 \u2013 1881)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 81], "content_span": [82, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027053-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By Election, 18 September 1883\nAlderman John Weightman died on 5 August 1883. Former Councillor Robert Vining (Conservative, Everton, elected 1 November 1876)was elected as an alderman by the Council (Councillors and Aldermen) on 18 September 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 93], "content_span": [94, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027054-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Liverpool School Board election\nElections to the Liverpool School Board were held on Friday 17 November 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027054-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Liverpool School Board election\nThere were twenty-two candidates for the fifteen places on the school board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027054-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Liverpool School Board election\nAfter the election, the composition of the school board was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027055-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Liverpool by-election\nThe 1882 Liverpool by-election was held on 8 December 1882 when the incumbent Conservative MP, Dudley Ryder succeeded to the peerage as Earl of Harrowby. It was won by the Liberal candidate Samuel Smith. The constituency was abolished in November 1885, so the gain was not retained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027056-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Louisville Eclipse season\nThe 1882 Louisville Eclipse season was the first season as a Major League club for the franchise. The team, which had played for several years as a semi-pro team, joined the new American Association league. They finished the season with a 42\u201338 record, good for second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027056-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027056-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027056-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027056-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027056-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027057-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 MIT Engineers football team\nThe 1882 MIT Engineers football team was an American football team that represented the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an independent during the 1882 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027058-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1882 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1882 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 0\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027059-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1882 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027059-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nCivil War Major and former Congressman Benjamin Butler ran on a fusion ticket between the Democratic Party and the Greenback Labor Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027060-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 129th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1882 during the governorship of John Davis Long. Robert R. Bishop served as president of the Senate and Charles J. Noyes served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027061-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Men's Tennis tour\nThe 1882 Men's tennis tour  was composed of the sixth annual pre-open era tour and now incorporated 43 events. The Wimbledon Championships and Irish Championships was won by William Renshaw, the U.S. National Championships was won by Richard Sears collecting his second title other big winners were Richard Taswell Richardson picking up the Northern Lawn Tennis Championships and Ernest Renshaw winning the Princes Club Championships, The title leader this season was Robert W. Braddell winning 4 tournaments from 6 finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027061-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 1: Challenge Round: the final round of a tournament, in which the winner of a single-elimination phase faces the previous year's champion, who plays only that one match. The challenge round was used in the early history of tennis (from 1877 through 1921), in some tournaments not all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027061-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 2:Tournaments in italics were events that were staged only once that season", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027062-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1882 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1882 college football season. The team played no outside games. The captain of the 1882 team was William J. Olcott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027063-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1882 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1882. Josiah W. Begole ran on a fusion ticket, representing both the Democratic and Greenback ticket. He defeated incumbent Republican David Jerome with 49.42% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027064-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1882 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1882 college football season. The inaugural Minnesota football team  did not have a coach. The first known mention of football at the University of Minnesota was on October 30, 1878 in the Ariel, the student newspaper at the time. It said that \"Football has been the all-absorbing amusement for the past few weeks\". However, in those days, the only games played were against other Minnesota students.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027064-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nMinnesota's first intercollegiate game which has its results recorded took place at the King's Fair Ground on September 30, 1882, though some secondary sources may incorrectly give the location as the Minnesota State Fairgrounds and the date as September 29, 1882. It was scheduled to be a three team track meet with the University of Minnesota, Carleton College and Hamline University competing. The team from Carleton College was unable to attend, so the other two teams went on with the meet without them. Following the meet, the athletes from Hamline wanted to go home, but were talked into playing a game of football first. A.J. Baldwin, the team captain, was the first Minnesota player to score in an intercollegiate game, leading his team to a 4\u20130 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 807]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027064-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nAccording to the Ariel, \"It is only fair to say that the Hamlines did not have their full strength and the University won by two goals in fifty-five minutes. This ended the day and the crowd dispersed well satisfied with the beginning which had been made in intercollegiate sports.\" The teams had a rematch a couple of weeks later which was won by Hamline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027065-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Mudgee colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Mudgee on 13 January 1882 because Samuel Terry had been appointed to the Legislative Council to the seat vacated by John Robertson, which would allow Robertson to return to the Assembly as Secretary for Lands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027066-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 NYU Violets football team\nThe 1882 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University in the 1882 college football season. The team played two games, losing to Stevens Prep school and Columbia College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027067-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1882 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy in the 1882 college football season. The team was the second intercollegiate football squad to represent the United States Naval Academy, and the first since 1879. The team was coached by player-coach Vaulx Carter, and was entirely student-operated. It was captained by squad member Alex Jackson. The team played just a single game, an 8 to 0 (8\u20130) shutout of Johns Hopkins, which was the school's first ever win. The squad was entirely student operated, and was not supported by the Naval Academy's faculty. The season would mark the beginning of eight season rivalry between the Midshipmen and Johns Hopkins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027067-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Navy Midshipmen football team, Prelude\nIt is widely believed by football researchers that the playing of intercollegiate football began in November 1869, when a player at Rutgers University challenged another player at the nearby College of New Jersey (now Princeton). The contest more closely resembled soccer, with teams scoring by kicking the ball into the opponent's net, and lacked a uniform rules structure. The game developed slowly; the first rules were drafted in October 1873, and only consisted of twelve guidelines. Even though the number of teams participating in the sport increased, the game was still effectively controlled by the College of New Jersey, who claimed eight national championships in ten years. Only Yale presented any form of challenge, claiming four national championships in the same time period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027067-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Navy Midshipmen football team, Prelude\nThe Naval Academy's first ever football team was fielded in 1879. The squad was entirely student-operated, receiving no official support from Naval Academy officials. The team was entirely funded by its members and their fellow students. This would continue until 1892, when that season's team was led by coach Ben Crosby. The 1879 team participated in just one game, which resulted in a scoreless tie. It was played against the Baltimore Athletic Club, at most likely an unused drill field on the Naval Academy campus. Navy would not field a football team in 1880 or 1881, likely due to the lack of support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027067-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary, Navy 8, Johns Hopkins 0\nThe 1882 season began when second-year cadet Vaulx Carter formed a team, which he led as both a player and the coach. Alex Jackson was appointed captain of the squad. Carter scheduled a single game for the season, which was played on Thanksgiving Day against the Baltimore-based Clifton Football Club. The Clifton team was made up of players from Johns Hopkins University, who were unable to play for their school due to their administrator's negative views towards the sport. Navy's team itself played without official permission; the first year the team received approval was in 1885, when, according to Morris Allison Bealle, \"some of the faculty actually gave in and admitted that football might, at that, be or become an interesting diversion\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027067-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary, Navy 8, Johns Hopkins 0\nIt snowed heavily before the game, to the point where players for both teams had to clear layers of snow off of the field, making large piles of snow along the sides of the playing ground. The field was 110 yards by 53 yards, with goalposts 25 feet (7.6\u00a0m) apart and 20 feet (6.1\u00a0m) high. The first half of the game went scoreless; the Baltimore American reported that \"the visitors pushed Navy every place but over the goal line in the first half\". During play, the ball was kicked over the seawall a number of times, once going so far out it had to be retrieved by boat before play could continue. The American described the second half in detail:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027067-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary, Navy 8, Johns Hopkins 0\nCadet George Washington Street, of Wisconsin, was identified as the first person ever to score a touchdown for the Naval Academy. The Baltimore Sun stated that William Abrose O'Malley, of Pennsylvania, was the cadet who caught Street's blocked kick and scored the second touchdown. The Sun also covered, in detail, the uniforms the squads wore; Johns Hopkins sported blue, black, and white striped uniforms, while the Naval Academy wore maroon and white uniforms. Both teams also nailed strips of leather to the bottom of their shoes to help deal with slipping.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027067-0006-0000", "contents": "1882 Navy Midshipmen football team, Players and coaching staff, Players\nThe 1882 Naval Academy team was made up of eleven players at five different positions. The squad consisted of four rushers, two ends, two tackles, two guards, and a center:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 71], "content_span": [72, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027067-0007-0000", "contents": "1882 Navy Midshipmen football team, Players and coaching staff, Coaching staff\nVaulx Carter took on coaching duties for the 1882 team. He was the academy's first coach; it was not until a decade later, in 1892, when Ben Crosby was hired as the school's next coach. The squad also appointed an official umpire, the only time it would ever do so. Its three staff members were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 78], "content_span": [79, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027067-0008-0000", "contents": "1882 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath\nThe first postseason college football game would not be played until 1902, with the Pasadena Tournament of Roses' establishment of the east-west tournament game, later known as the Rose Bowl. The Midshipmen would not participate in their first Rose Bowl until the 1923 season, when they went 5\u20131\u20132 and tied with the Washington Huskies 14\u201314 in the match. As a result of the lack of a competition, there were no postseason games played after the 1882 season. According to statistics compiled by the National Championship Foundation, Parke Davis, and the Billingsley college football research center, Yale was declared the 1882 season champion, giving them their eighth championship overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 750]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027067-0009-0000", "contents": "1882 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath\nThe Midshipmen's win was the first in school history, and continued the team's shutout streak. They would lose their only game in the 1883 season, ending the consecutive shutouts, and the Naval Academy would not get another shutout until the 1886 season, when they defeated Johns Hopkins 6\u20130. The 1882 season also marked the start of an eight-season long rivalry with Johns Hopkins, which Navy would win, five games to four. The team would not have another coach until the 1892 season, when Ben Crosby was hired to lead. Navy would finish the 1880s with four winning seasons, and an overall record of 14\u201312\u20132. The squad would outscore their opponents 292\u2013231, and would finish the 19th century with an overall record of 54\u201319\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027068-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 New Brunswick general election\nThe 1882 New Brunswick general election was held in June 1882, to elect 41 members to the 25th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The election was held before the adoption of party labels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027068-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 New Brunswick general election\nOf forty-one MLAs, twenty-two supported the government, eighteen formed the opposition, and one was neutral. However, during the legislative session leader of the opposition Andrew George Blair was able to win enough support from MLAs to defeat the government of Daniel Lionel Hanington in a non-confidence vote and form a government led by the Liberal Party which had coalesced under Blair's leadership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027069-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 New Hampshire gubernatorial election\nThe 1882 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1882. Republican nominee Samuel W. Hale defeated Democratic nominee Martin V. B. Edgerly with 50.36% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027070-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 New South Wales colonial election\nThe 1882 New South Wales colonial election was held between 30 November and 21 December 1882. This election was for all of the 113 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 40 single-member constituencies, 26 2-member constituencies, three 3-member constituencies and three 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult male British subjects, resident in New South Wales. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 23 November 1882 by the Governor, Lord Augustus Loftus, on the advice of the Premier, Sir Henry Parkes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027070-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 New South Wales colonial election\nThere was no recognisable party structure at this election; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027070-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 New South Wales colonial election, Results\nNew South Wales colonial election, 30 November \u2013 21 December 1882\u200aLegislative Assembly << 1880\u20131885 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027071-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 New York state election\nThe 1882 New York state election was held on November 7, 1882, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the chief judge and a U.S. Representative-at-large, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly. Besides, two constitutional amendments were proposed - the abolition of tolls on the State canals, and to increase the number of justices on the New York Supreme Court - and were accepted by the electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027071-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 New York state election, History\nThe Greenback state convention met on July 19 at Albany, New York. Epenetus Howe was nominated for governor, James Allen for lieutenant governor, Lawrence J. McParlin for chief judge, and L. G. McDonald for U.S. Representative-at-large.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027071-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 New York state election, History\nThe Prohibition state convention met on September 20 at Rochester, New York. Rev. T. J. Bossell was president. Alphonso A. Hopkins was nominated for governor, William H. Boole, of Kings County, for lieutenant governor; C. A. Hammond, of Onondaga County, for chief judge; and L. S. Freeman, of Niagara County, for U.S. Representative-at-large.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027071-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on September 20 at Saratoga, New York. There were two opposing factions in the party: the Half-Breeds led by Governor Alonzo B. Cornell, and the Stalwarts led by Ex-U.S. Senators Roscoe Conkling and Thomas C. Platt in league with railroad magnate Jay Gould. The State Committee met at 9 o'clock at Congress Hall and elected Edward M. Madden to be temporary chairman of the convention (vote Madden (St.) 18, Edmund L. Pitts (H.-B.) 14). The convention opened at half past 10 at Town Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027071-0003-0001", "contents": "1882 New York state election, History\nThe roll was called by John W. Vrooman, the Clerk of the New York State Senate. When Madden was proposed for temporary chairman, the Half-Breeds objected and proposed Pitts, and a vote was taken. Madden received 251, Pitts 243, showing an almost evenly divided convention with a slight Stalwart majority. U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Charles J. Folger (St.) was nominated for governor on the second ballot (first ballot: Folger 223, Cornell [incumbent] 180, James W. Wadsworth 69, John H. Starin 19, John C. Robinson 6; second ballot: Folger 257, Cornell 222, Wadsworth 18).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027071-0003-0002", "contents": "1882 New York state election, History\nB. Platt Carpenter (St.), the Chairman of the State Committee, was nominated for lieutenant governor; and A. Barton Hepburn for U.S. Representative-at-large. The incumbent Chief Judge Charles Andrews was nominated to succeed himself. Hepburn declined to run, and the State Committee substituted Howard Carroll, of New York City, on the ticket at a meeting on October 10 at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York City (first ballot: Carroll 14, Ferris Jacobs, Jr. 7, Corp. James Tanner 6, John A. King 1; second ballot: Carroll 28).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027071-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on September 22 at Shakespeare Hall in Syracuse, New York. The Tammany delegates were admitted again, and the rift in the Party was bridged over. David B. Hill was nominated for lieutenant governor by acclamation. William C. Ruger was nominated for chief judge on the first ballot (vote: Ruger 210, Rufus W. Peckham, Jr. 163, Augustus Schoonmaker, Jr. 1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027071-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 New York state election, Result\n84 Democrats, 42 Republicans and 2 Independents were elected for the session of 1883 to the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027072-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Newfoundland general election\nThe 1882 Newfoundland general election was held in 1882 to elect members of the 14th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Newfoundland Colony. The Conservative Party led by William Vallance Whiteway formed the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027073-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Northumberland colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Northumberland on 18 January 1882 because of the resignation of William Turner. Members of parliament were unpaid at the time. Turner was paid by a subscription, said to be \u00a30.08 per member of the Reform League. Subscriptions however proved to be inadequate to support him and he resigned from parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027074-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Northwestern Purple football team\nThe 1882 Northwestern Purple football team was an American football team that represented Northwestern University during the 1882 college football season. The Northwestern team played its first intercollegiate football game against Lake Forest College on November 11, 1882. Northwestern lost after giving up one goal from touchdown, two touchdowns, and two \"safety touchdowns.\" In a rematch played one week later between the same teams, Northwestern recorded its first intercollegiate football victory with two touchdowns and one goal from touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027075-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Norwegian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Norway in 1882. Whilst political parties were not officially established until 1884, there were two broad movements already in existence - one supporting the Swedish King and the existing system, and one demanding reform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027075-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Norwegian parliamentary election\nThe first political party in Norway, the Liberal Party, was established ahead of the next election. This led to MPs joining the party and forming a government led by Johan Sverdrup which introduced parliamentarism to Norway on 26 June 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027076-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Nova Scotia general election\nThe 1882 Nova Scotia general election was held on 20 June 1882 to elect members of the 28th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Liberal party, their first of ten consecutive wins that would see them retain power until 1925. The Conservatives were the only one-term government in Nova Scotia until 2013 when the NDP lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027077-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Open Championship\nThe 1882 Open Championship was the 22nd Open Championship, held 30 September at the Old Course at St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Bob Ferguson won the Championship for the third successive time, by three strokes from Willie Fernie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027077-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Open Championship\nFerguson led after the morning round with an 83. Going out in 40 he started back 4-3-4 and with some steady play came back in 43, despite a six at the 16th. Fitz Boothby, a local amateur, scored 86 despite a couple of sevens in the closing holes. He shared second place with Jack Kirkaldy with Jamie Anderson and Tom Kidd on 87.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027077-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Open Championship\nBoothby scored 89 in the second round and took an early lead on 175. Anderson and Bob Martin, playing together, each had good rounds and they also both finished on 175. Ferguson again played steadily, going out in 42. Starting home he continued to score well and, despite a few sixes on his card, he avoided major disasters and finished with an 88 and a total of 171. The best of the later starters was Fernie. Despite starting with a six he was out in 40 and finished in 86 for a total of 174, good enough for second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027077-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Open Championship\nFerguson's win was his third in succession, once on each of the Championship courses, matching the achievement of Anderson from 1877 to 1879. His \u00a312 first prize was a record for the Open at that time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027077-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Open Championship, Final leaderboard\nTom Kidd took the last prize of 15s for finishing tied for 11th place with Henry Lamb, \"as Mr Boothby, Mr Mansfield and Mr Lamb only played for the honour they retired from the list and allowed Kidd to get a place.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027077-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 Open Championship, Final leaderboard\nAn additional prize of \u00a31 10s was offered to the player with the lowest score for the final nine holes of the second round. This was shared by George Lowe, Bob Martin, Willie Park Sr. and Peter Fernie each scoring 44.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027078-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Oregon gubernatorial election\nThe 1882 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on June 5, 1882 to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. The election matched Republican Zenas Ferry Moody, Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives, against Democrat Joseph Showalter Smith, former member of the United States House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027079-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1882 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1882 college football season. They finished with a 2\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027080-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election\nThe 1882 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on November 7, 1882. Incumbent governor Henry M. Hoyt, a Republican, was not a candidate for re-election. Democratic candidate Robert E. Pattison defeated Republican candidate James A. Beaver to become Governor of Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027081-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1882 season was the first season for the brand new Philadelphia Athletics (no relation, except by name, to the previous Philadelphia Athletics team). They finished with a 41\u201334 record and a third-place position in the brand new American Association league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027081-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027081-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027081-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027081-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027082-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season\nThe 1882 season was the first for the Alleghenys, later known as the Pittsburgh Pirates. They finished at exactly a .500 record, 39 wins and 39 losses, good for fourth place in the new American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027082-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season\nThe team played its home games in Allegheny City, across the Allegheny River from Pittsburgh. Chartered as the Allegheny Base Ball Club of Pittsburgh, the team appeared as \"Allegheny\" in the standings and was often referred to in the plural as the Alleghenys. The club was not related to the earlier Alleghenys of the International Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027083-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe 1882 Prince Edward Island election was held on May 8, 1882 to elect members of the House of Assembly of the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada. It was won by the Conservative Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027083-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe election is currently listed on the website of Elections Prince Edward Island as taking place in 1883 \u2014 however, contemporaneous sources place the election in 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027084-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1882 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1882 college football season. The team finished with a 7\u20132 record, outscoring their opponents, 44 to 4. The team's captain was E. C. Peace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027084-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 7, Princeton defeated Columbia at the Polo Grounds in New York. The game was played in two innings of 45 minutes each. Princeton won the game with eight goals and three touchdowns while Columbia was held to one safety touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027084-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 11, Princeton defeated Penn at Recreation Park in Philadelphia. Princeton scored 10 goals and four touchdowns, and Penn was held scoreless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027084-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries\nPrinceton's game with Harvard was played on November 18 in Cambridge before a crowd of around 1,000 spectators, including a \"score of ladies.\" Several inches of snow were cleared off the field before the game. Each team scored one goal, however Harvard's was from the field while Princeton's was after a touchdown. The rules stated a touchdown before a goal did not count, so Harvard's lone touchdown (with a missed goal kick) won the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027084-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 25, Princeton defeated Columbia in the second match of the year between the schools. Princeton scored three goals and one touchdown and held Columbia scoreless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027084-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries\nOn Thursday, November 30, after the Polo Grounds in New York had been cleared of snow, Princeton lost to Yale before a crowd of between 6,000 and 7,000 people, including hundreds of ladies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027085-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Providence Grays season\nThe Providence Grays hired veteran manager Harry Wright to guide the team in 1882 and the team seemed to improve. They held first place until September 17, but then suffered a losing streak that dropped the team into second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027085-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Providence Grays season\nAfter the season ended, they played a three-game postseason series against the Boston Red Caps for the \"Championship of New England.\" Providence won the series, two games to one, thanks to shutouts pitched by John Montgomery Ward and Hoss Radbourn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027085-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027085-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027085-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027086-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Redfern colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Redfern on 23 January 1882 because of the resignation of John Sutherland, ostensibly to accept an appointment to the Legislative Council, however he never took his seat in the council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027087-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1882 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 5, 1882. Incumbent Republican Alfred H. Littlefield defeated Democratic nominee Horace A. Kimball with 64.78% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027088-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Richmond Colts football team\nThe 1882 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College\u2014now known as the University of Richmond\u2014as an independent during the 1882 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027089-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1882 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University as an independent during the 1882 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 6\u20134 record, scored 23 points, and allowed 23 points. The team had no coach, and its captain was William J. Chamberlain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027090-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 SAFA season\nThe 1882 South Australian Football Association season was the 6th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia. The season began on Saturday 6 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027090-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 SAFA season\nThe 1882 SAFA season was the first time that the league used behinds in determining game results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027090-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 SAFA season\nThe Royal Park Football Club entered the competition, but they folded after five matches, their remaining five scheduled matches were declared forfeits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027090-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 SAFA season, Ladder\nNote: Royal Park only played four matches, forfeiting one due to a lack of players, while the other five were forfeits after the club dropped out of the SAFA and folded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027091-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1882 Scottish Cup Final was the ninth final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1881\u201382 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The original match - which ended in a 2\u20132 draw - was played at the original Cathkin Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 18 March 1882 and was watched by a crowd of 12,000 spectators. For the second season in succession, the final was contested by defending champions Queen's Park and Dumbarton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027091-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Scottish Cup Final\nThe replay took place at the same venue on 1 April 1882 in front of 15,000 spectators. Queen's Park won the competition for the sixth time after they beat Dumbarton 4\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027091-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nTwo-time defending champions Queen's Park had reached the final on five previous occasions and had gone on to win the competition each time \u2013 including the last two consecutively. Prior to the final, Queen's Park's total of five Scottish Cup wins was a record and both Queen's Park and Vale of Leven had won the cup three times in-a-row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027091-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nDumbarton reached the final for the second consecutive season becoming the first runner-up to reach the final in the following season. Only Queen's Park and Vale of Leven had previously reached the final in consecutive seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027091-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nThis was the first time that the two finalists from the previous season had would meet in the next final. Queen's Park had won both previous Scottish Cup meetings between the two teams \u2013 the 1880 semi-final and the 1881 final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027092-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 South Australian Legislative Council election\nA special election was held on 29 May 1882 in South Australia to increase the size of the Legislative Council from 18 to 24 members. The change in size of the council was a consequence of the Constitution Act Further Amendment Act 1881 which had been passed the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027092-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 South Australian Legislative Council election\nA total of 14 candidates stood for election to the six seats. The successful candidates were:.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027093-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1882 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1882 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Hugh Smith Thompson was nominated by the Democrats and ran against J. Hendrix McLane, a Greenback-Labor candidate. Thompson easily won the general election and became the 81st governor of South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027093-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Convention, Campaign\nGovernor Johnson Hagood chose not to seek reelection in 1882 and two former generals in the Confederate Army emerged as the frontrunners, Lieutenant Governor John Kennedy and Comptroller General John Bratton. Both men were loyal followers of Wade Hampton, neither had supported Martin Witherspoon Gary, and both were dedicated Democrats. However, many in the state wanted a new direction and the candidacy of George D. Tillman quickly gained pace. Others feared that an intra-party fight over the nomination would bring back Radical Republican rule and only the return of Senator Hampton could save the party. Even so, both Tillman and Hampton declined and chose to continue their representation in the Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 75], "content_span": [76, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027093-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Convention, Campaign\nHugh Smith Thompson, the state Superintendent of Education since 1876, had declined to be a candidate for governor and instead lobbied for the presidency of South Carolina College. However, with the opening of the state Democratic convention in August, Thompson was nominated for governor alongside Kennedy and Bratton. After the second ballot with momentum in Thompson's favor, both Kennedy and Bratton withdrew their names thus allowing Thompson to be the Democrats nominee for the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 75], "content_span": [76, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027093-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Greenback-Labor Convention\nFollowing their disastrous defeat in the gubernatorial election of 1880, the Greenback-Labor party members met with state Republican leaders to fuse and offer a joint ticket for the general election. In a January interview with the News and Courier, McLane stated that the Greenbacks would get 150,000 votes in the general election and sweep the statewide offices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 70], "content_span": [71, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027093-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Greenback-Labor Convention\nA convention for the Greenbacks was held in Columbia with over one hundred delegates from 22 counties, even including a Democratic state senator. McLane was nominated for the governorship and candidates were field for six of the seven congressional districts, the seventh district being a heavily black district held by the Republicans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 70], "content_span": [71, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027093-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Greenback-Labor Convention\nThe platform outlined by the Greenbacks for the election was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 70], "content_span": [71, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027093-0006-0000", "contents": "1882 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held on November 7, 1882 and Hugh Smith Thompson was elected as governor of South Carolina with nominal opposition. Turnout was less than the previous gubernatorial election because of the increasingly uncompetitive nature of the election in South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027094-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season\nThe 1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season was the first professional baseball season played by the team now known as the St. Louis Cardinals. The team was founded in the earlier St. Louis Brown Stockings franchise. It played in the National Association league in 1875 and in the National League from 1876 to 1877. After a scandal over game-fixing, combined with financial problems, the St Louis Brown Stockings left the National League but continued to play as an independent team from 1878 to 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027094-0000-0001", "contents": "1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season\nChris von der Ahe, a German immigrant, purchased the team prior to the 1882 season and joined the new American Association. The St. Louis Brown Stockings posted a 37-43 game record in their first season in the American Association, giving them fifth place. The team played at the Grand Avenue Grounds (which was later renamed Sportsman's Park) at the corner of Grand Avenue and Dodier Street in north St. Louis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027094-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Building the team\nBefore the 1882 season, Von der Ahe secured a place for the team in the American Association and provided funds to bring players to St. Louis. Between 1882 and 1892, the team he built went on to win four American Association titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027094-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Building the team\nAl Spink, the team advisor, recommended Von der Ahe sign Charlie Comiskey. Comiskey, who later played with the Chicago White Sox, was a skilled, young, first baseman who had been playing in Dubuque, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027094-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Building the team\nNed Cuthbert was a former professional player in St. Louis. Although he had retired from baseball and worked as a bartender in St. Louis, Cuthbert remained prominent in the local baseball community. He had encouraged Von der Ahe to purchase the team. Von der Ahe hired Cuthbert to be his first captain, with all the duties of a field manager. Cuthbert used his experience to attract several players to St. Louis from the East.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027094-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Building the team\nMost of the first-year Browns originated in St. Louis, including brothers Jack and Bill Gleason, pitcher Jumbo McGinnis, outfielder George Seward, and catcher Tom Sullivan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027094-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Regular season\nIn 1866, Gus Solari laid out a professional baseball field at Sportsman's Park, St Louis. Sixteen years later, on May 2, 1882, the opening day of the St. Louis Brown Stockings' 1882 season took place. Approximately 2,000 spectators watched the game for a fee of one quarter each. The team played numerous local teams in April exhibitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027094-0006-0000", "contents": "1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Regular season\nMcGinnis was the first pitcher and he started 45 of the team's 80 games. Jack Gleason made the team's first hit. It was a lead off single in the first innings. He also scored the first run on Comiskey's three-base hit. The team won their first game with a score of 9 runs to 7. McGinnis contributed two doubles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027094-0007-0000", "contents": "1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Regular season\nIn late May 1882, the team was in a tie for first place in its six-team league. They were eight games over .500, putting them one game behind the Cincinnati Reds. There followed a seven-week period when the team lost sixteen more games than they won. They could not contend for the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027094-0008-0000", "contents": "1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Regular season\nDuring the season, more than 175,000 spectators attended the team's games. The favorite players on the team were Comiskey and McGinnis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027094-0009-0000", "contents": "1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nPos=Position, G=Games played, AB=At bats, R=Runs scored, H=Hits, 2B=Doubles, 3B=Triples, HR=Home runs, SB=Stolen bases, BB=Base on balls, Avg.=Batting average, Slg=Slugging percentage", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 82], "content_span": [83, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027094-0010-0000", "contents": "1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nG=Games played, AB=At bats, R=Runs scored, H=Hits, 2B=Doubles, 3B=Triples, HR=Home runs, SB=Stolen bases, BB=Base on balls, Avg.=Batting average, Slg=Slugging percentage", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 75], "content_span": [76, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027094-0011-0000", "contents": "1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nW=Wins, L=Losses, ERA=Earned run average, G=Games played, GS=Games started, CG=Complete games, IP=Innings pitched, H=Hits allowed, R=Runs allowed, ER=Earned runs allowed, HR=Home runs allowed, BB=Base on balls, SO=Strikeouts, WHIP=Walks plus hits per inning pitched", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 80], "content_span": [81, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027094-0012-0000", "contents": "1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nW=Wins, L=Losses, ERA=Earned run average, G=Games played, GS=Games started, CG=Complete games, SV=Saves, IP=Innings pitched, H=Hits allowed, R=Runs allowed, ER=Earned runs allowed, HR=Home runs allowed, BB=Base on balls, SO=Strikeouts, WHIP=Walks plus hits per inning pitched", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 77], "content_span": [78, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027094-0013-0000", "contents": "1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nW=Wins, L=Losses, ERA=Earned run average, G=Games played, SV=Saves, IP=Innings pitched, H=Hits allowed, R=Runs allowed, ER=Earned runs allowed, HR=Home runs allowed, BB=Base on balls, SO=Strikeouts, WHIP=Walks plus hits per inning pitched", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 78], "content_span": [79, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027095-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Stanmore by-election\nThe 1882 Stanmore by-election was a by-election held on 12 July 1882 in the Stanmore electorate during the 8th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027095-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Stanmore by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the election of the incumbent MP Walter Pilliet being voided on a petition on 20 February 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027095-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Stanmore by-election\nInitially a 0 (zero) was mistaken for a 9 (nine) and the total for the Hon E. Richardson was wrong (336 not 345).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027095-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Stanmore by-election\nAnd the Waikato Times published a grossly erroneous poll result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027096-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Swiss referendums\nThree referendums were held in Switzerland in 1882. Two were held on 30 July on copyright law and measures against epidemics, both of which were rejected. The third was held on 26 November on executing article 27 of the federal constitution, and was rejected by 64.9% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027096-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Swiss referendums, Background\nThe referendums on epidemics and the constitution were optional referendums, which meant that only a majority of the public vote was required for the proposals to be approved. The referendum on copyright law was a mandatory referendum, which required both a majority of voters and cantons to approve the proposals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027097-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Tenterfield colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Tenterfield on 6 February 1882 because of the resignation of John Dillon, to accept an appointment as senior stipendiary magistrate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027098-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Troy Trojans season\nThe 1882 season was to be the last for the Troy Trojans. The team finished at 35\u201348, in seventh place in the National League, and were disbanded after the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027098-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Troy Trojans season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027098-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Troy Trojans season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027098-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Troy Trojans season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027098-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Troy Trojans season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027099-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Tumut colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Tumut on 17 October 1882 because James Hoskins resigned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027100-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nThe 1882 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, United States. The tournament ran from 30 August until 2 September. It was the 2nd staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of the year. Thirty players entered the singles competition and fifteen teams took part in the doubles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027100-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Doubles\nRichard Sears /  James Dwight def. Crawford Nightingale /  George Smith 6\u20132, 6\u20134, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027101-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Doubles\nSears and Dwight defeated Nightingale and Smith in the final of the second U.S. doubles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027102-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Singles\nDefending champion Richard Sears defeated Clarence Clark in the final 6\u20131, 6\u20134, 6\u20130 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1882 U.S. National Championships. Except for the final, each match was played on the best of three sets. Winner of a set was the player who won six games first, no two-games advantage was required. The participation was restricted to US citizens only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027103-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections\nElections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1882 for the 48th Congress, during President Chester A. Arthur's term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027103-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections\nArthur's Republican Party was badly defeated, losing its majority to the opposition Democratic Party after a campaign that focused on the resistance of Republican leaders to reforming the Spoils system under which government jobs were handed to supporters of winning candidates. After the election, Arthur agreed with the Democrats to pass the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing a professional civil service. However, his actions were too late, as the image of the Republican Party as corrupt was already engrained in the minds of voters. This election also saw the decline of the pro-paper money Greenback Party, and the pick up of several Virginian seats by the Readjuster Party which promoted fiscal responsibility and shunned elitism, though the Virginia-based Readjuster Party all but disappeared following this election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 894]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027103-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries\nFollowing the 1880 Census, 32 new seats were apportioned. Three States lost 1 seat each, 13 States had no change in apportionment, 14 States gained 1 seat each, 6 States gained 2 seats, 1 State gained 4 seats, and 1 State gained 5 seats. Several States that gained one or more seats did not redistrict immediately, electing the new members at-large, while one state (Maine) which lost a member also delayed redistricting, electing all of its members at-large for this Congress only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 73], "content_span": [74, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027103-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries\nThere were 8 members elected from third parties, 4 from the Virginia-based Readjuster Party, 2 from the declining Greenback Party, and 2 Independents. The previous election of 1880 had had 10 Greenbacks and 1 Independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 73], "content_span": [74, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027103-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections, Early election dates\nFive states, with 39 seats among them, held elections before the others:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 75], "content_span": [76, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027103-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections, Special elections\nThere were four special elections in 1882 during the 47th United States Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 72], "content_span": [73, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027103-0006-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections, Missouri\nMissouri gained one seat in reapportionment. After redistricting and the new elections, the delegation went from 7 Democrats,  4 Greenbacks, and 2 Republicans, to a solid slate of 14 Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027103-0007-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections, North Carolina\nThe Liberal Anti-Prohibition Party was formed following the failure of the first statewide referendum on Prohibition in 1881. Throughout most of North Carolina, the moribund Republican Party merged into the new party and scored impressive gains in the 1882 elections. By early 1884, however, the LAP was dissolving, and they are listed here synonymously with the Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027104-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1882 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 7, 1882. California gained two seats as a result of the 1880 Census, which were at-large districts for this election, becoming the new 3rd and 6th districts in 1884. Democrats won both at-large seats. Of California's existing districts, Democrats won both Republican-held districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027105-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida\nElections to the United States House of Representatives in Florida were held November 7, 1882 for the 48th Congress", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027105-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background\nIn the previous election, two Democrats had been elected to represent Florida. In the 2nd district, Republican Horatio Bisbee, Jr. successfully contested the election of Jesse J. Finley (D) and was seated June 1, 1882, so that going in the 1882 elections, Florida was represented by 1 Republican and 1 Democrat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 76], "content_span": [77, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027105-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background\nThe 2nd district had been a contentious district in previous elections, with the past 4 elections being contested successfully.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 76], "content_span": [77, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027105-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Election results\nBoth incumbents ran successfully for re-election. In the 2nd district, both contestants had served for part of the 47th Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 82], "content_span": [83, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027105-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Election results\nThis was the last Congressional election in Florida won by a Republican until 1954", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 82], "content_span": [83, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027106-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1882 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 7, 1882 to select seven Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. Following the 1880 Census, the state was granted two additional seats in the House of Representatives. The Democratic controlled state legislature drew the districts to maximize the white vote and limit the black vote. Much of the black population was packed into the 7th congressional district which resulted in the other six congressional districts being evenly split between the races. The Democratic plan achieved its desired effect and the composition of the state delegation after the election was six Democrats and one Republican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027106-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nThe 1st congressional district shifted from the Pee Dee region to the central part of the state and it also included the city of Charleston. Samuel Dibble was nominated by the Democrats and defeated J.B. Campbell, a fusion candidate of the Greenback-Labor and Republican parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027106-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nThe 2nd congressional district shifted from Charleston to the lower western counties of the state. George D. Tillman, the former Democratic Representative of the 5th congressional district, defeated E.M. Brayton, a fusion candidate of the Greenback-Labor and Republican parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027106-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nThe 3rd congressional district remained in the northwest part of the state and incumbent Democratic Congressman D. Wyatt Aiken, in office since 1877, defeated T.H. Russell, a fusion candidate of the Greenback-Labor and Republican parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027106-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nThe 4th congressional district remained in the Greenville-Spartanburg region of the state and incumbent Democratic Congressman John H. Evins, in office since 1877, defeated D.R. Elkins, a fusion candidate of the Greenback-Labor and Republican parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027106-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nThe 5th congressional district shifted from the southwestern part of the state to the northern central part of the state. John J. Hemphill was nominated by the Democrats and defeated E.B.C. Cash, a fusion candidate of the Greenback-Labor and Republican parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027106-0006-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district\nThe 6th congressional district was created to cover the Pee Dee region of the state. George W. Dargan was nominated by the Democrats and defeated the Greenback-Labor and Republican candidates in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027106-0007-0000", "contents": "1882 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 7th congressional district\nThe 7th congressional district became known as the black district because it was gerrymandered in such a way to include the great bulk of the black population. Republican Edmund William McGregor Mackey defeated Independent Republican challenger Samuel Lee in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027107-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 United States elections\nThe 1882 United States elections occurred in the middle of Republican President Chester A. Arthur's term, during the Third Party System. Arthur had become president on September 19, 1881, upon the death of his predecessor, James Garfield. Members of the 48th United States Congress were chosen in this election. Democrats won control of the House, while Republicans won control of the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027107-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 United States elections\nFollowing the 1880 census, the size of the House increased by 32 seats. Democrats won major gains, taking control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027107-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 United States elections\nIn the Senate, Republicans picked up one seat, giving them half of the seats in the chamber. Senate Republicans held a majority in a coalition with the Readjuster Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027108-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 VFA season\nThe 1882 Victorian Football Association season was the sixth season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club. It was the club's fourth VFA premiership in just five seasons, and was the first in a sequence of three consecutive premierships won from 1882 to 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027108-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 VFA season, Association membership\nThe senior metropolitan membership of the Association (including Geelong) during 1882 was seven, the same clubs that had competed in 1881: Carlton, East Melbourne, Essendon, Geelong, Hotham, Melbourne, and South Melbourne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027108-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 VFA season, Association membership\nAt this time, three other provincial senior clubs were full Association members represented on the Board of Management for a total membership of ten: Ballarat, Benalla and Horsham. Due to distance, these clubs played too few matches against the rest of the VFA to be considered relevant in the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027108-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 VFA season, 1882 VFA premiership\nThe 1882 premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club. Geelong won ten and drew two of its thirteen senior matches for the season, a considerably better record than second-placed Essendon, which won five and drew five of its twelve senior matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027108-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 VFA season, 1882 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe below table details the playing records of the seven clubs in all matches during the 1882 season, where the information is available. Two sets of results are given:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027108-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 VFA season, 1882 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nWhile East Melbourne was a senior club, in practice they played to a junior standard, and in its few matches against the other senior clubs were routinely beaten by large margins. Consequently, the Australasian and the Leader newspapers did not include matches against East Melbourne in teams' senior results, and this approach has been replicated in the table below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027108-0006-0000", "contents": "1882 VFA season, 1882 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Australasian newspaper. The VFA had no formal process by which the clubs were ranked, so the below order should be considered indicative only, particularly since the fixturing of matches was not standardised; however, the top three placings were later acknowledged in publications including the Football Record and are considered official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027109-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1882 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 5, 1882. Incumbent Republican Roswell Farnham, per the \"Mountain Rule\", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate John L. Barstow defeated Democratic candidate George W. Eaton to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027110-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Wakanui by-election\nThe 1882 Wakanui by-election was a by-election held on 16 June 1882 in the Wakanui electorate during the 8th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027110-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Wakanui by-election\nThe by-election was caused when the election of the incumbent MP Cathcart Wason in 1881 was declared void.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027110-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Wakanui by-election\nThe by-election was won by Joseph Ivess. He was opposed by Alfred Saunders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027111-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Wentworth colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Wentworth on 23 January 1882 because of the resignation of William Brodribb to accept an appointment to the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027112-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Wimbledon Championship\nThe 1882 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 8 July until 17 July. It was the 6th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1882. The net was brought down to its present height of 3\u00a0feet 6\u00a0inches (1.07\u00a0m) at the posts, and 3 feet (0.91\u00a0m) in the middle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027112-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Wimbledon Championship\nErnest Renshaw won the all comers' final against R. T. Richardson, 7\u20135, 6\u20133, 2\u20136, 6\u20133 and later lost against his twin brother and defending champion William Renshaw in the final, 6\u20131, 2\u20136, 4\u20136, 6\u20132, 6\u20132. The London Standard in a match report stated \"...the brothers Renshaw gave perhaps the finest exposition of the game of lawn tennis ever seen at Wimbledon.\" The challenge round was watched by 2000 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027112-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Wimbledon Championship, Gentlemen's singles, Final\nWilliam Renshaw defeated  Ernest Renshaw, 6\u20131, 2\u20136, 4\u20136, 6\u20132, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027113-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Wimbledon Championship \u2013 Singles\nErnest Renshaw defeated Richard Richardson 6\u20135, 6\u20133, 2\u20136, 6\u20133 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champion William Renshaw defeated Ernest Renshaw 6\u20131, 2\u20136, 4\u20136, 6\u20132, 6\u20132 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1882 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027114-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Worcester Worcesters season\nThe 1882 Worcester Worcesters finished with an 18\u201366 record, last place in the National League. The team folded after the  season. In a game on September 6, the team had only six fans in attendance a number that held the record for the smallest crowd in Major League history until 2015 when the Baltimore riots caused a game to be held \"closed to the public.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027114-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Worcester Worcesters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027114-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 Worcester Worcesters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027114-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 Worcester Worcesters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027114-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 Worcester Worcesters season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027115-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1882 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1882 college football season. The team compiled an 8\u20130 record, shut out seven of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents, 51 to 1. The team was retroactively named as the national champion by the Billingsley Report, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027115-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 Yale Bulldogs football team\nHenry Twombly, the team's quarterback, became a lawyer who participated in the incorporation of General Electric and Otis Elevator Company. Ray Tompkins was the team captain of the 1882 and 1883 teams. He became the president of the Chemung Canal Trust Company. Halfback Wyllys Terry went on to set a college football record in 1884 with a 115-yard run against Wesleyan. Rusher Louis K. Hull was also captain of the rowing team and was credited with winning more athletic letters than any Yale student. Back Benjamin Wisner Bacon became a noted theologian and leader of the Yale Divinity School.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027116-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 Yass Plains colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Yass Plains on 10 January 1882 because of the death of Michael Fitzpatrick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027117-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 and 1883 United States Senate elections\nThe United States Senate elections of 1882 and 1883 saw the Republicans retain a narrow majority \u2014 39 (and later 40) out of 76 \u2014 with the Readjusters in their caucus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027117-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 and 1883 United States Senate elections\nAs these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027117-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 and 1883 United States Senate elections, Results summary\nColored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027117-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 and 1883 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 47th Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were seated during 1882 or in 1883 before March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 104], "content_span": [105, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027117-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 and 1883 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 48th Congress\nIn these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1883; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027117-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 and 1883 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 48th Congress\nIn this election, the winner was elected in 1883 after March 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027117-0006-0000", "contents": "1882 and 1883 United States Senate elections, Iowa\nOn January 25, 1882, the Iowa General Assembly elected James W. McDill (Republican) to finish the term over M. M. Ham and Daniel Campbell. James F. Wilson (Republican) was elected to the full six-year term on January 25, 1882 over L. G. Kinne and D. P. Subbs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 50], "content_span": [51, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027118-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 college football season\nThe 1882 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Yale as having been selected national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027119-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1882 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027120-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027120-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1882 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027120-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1882 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027121-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in Belgium\nThe following lists events that happened during 1882 in the Kingdom of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027124-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in Canada, Historical documents\nPrime Minister Macdonald explains near-starvation policy to control Indigenous peoples", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027124-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 in Canada, Historical documents\nPrime Minister Macdonald welcomes Chinese as CPR labourers, but not as settlers", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027124-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 in Canada, Historical documents\nMP tells House of Commons that land policy in N.W.T. should favour settler over speculator", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027125-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1882\nContrary to popular belief the Canadian Rugby Football Union was not founded on Saturday October 21, 1882. It was first formed on Saturday June 12, 1880. However, as the Qu\u00e9bec teams failed to organize and only the Ontario teams were ready to assemble the CRFU failed to be a governing force in Canadian football history. It was reorganized on Saturday December 19, 1891. As for the Qu\u00e9bec teams the season of 1882 opened on May 13 with the Britannia Football Club and Montreal Football Club playing to a 0-0 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027125-0000-0001", "contents": "1882 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1882\nIn the fall on October 4, the Britannia Football Club and Royal Military College Foot-Ball Club scored a goal but it was another 1-1 tie and the Brits were undefeated. On October 21 they defeated their cross-town rivals, Montreal 1 goal to nil and then defeated McGill 2 goals to nil to again capture the city championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027126-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1882 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027135-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1882 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027135-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 in New Zealand\nOne of New Zealand's major industries \u2013 export meat \u2013 is initiated when the shipping of frozen meat to Britain proves successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027135-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 in New Zealand, Sport, Rugby union\nThe first overseas rugby team visits New Zealand. The Southern Rugby Union from New South Wales wins four of its seven matches. (see also 1884)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027137-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1882 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027141-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1882 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027143-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1882 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027143-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 in Wales, Arts and literature\nThe Cambrian Academy of Art becomes the 'Royal Cambrian Academy of Art' after gaining patronage from Queen Victoria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 34], "content_span": [35, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027145-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in architecture\nThe year 1882 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027147-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1882 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027147-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 in association football, Events\nIreland played their first international friendly on 18 February 1882 against England losing 0\u201313 in Belfast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027148-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1882  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027149-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027151-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027152-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027152-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 in poetry, Works published, United Kingdom, Great scientist this year a published poet\nJames Clerk Maxwell (1831\u20131879), whose contributions to science were profound (including formulation of Maxwell's equations which for the first time expressed the basic laws of electricity and magnetism in a unified fashion, and other discoveries that helped usher in modern physics), this year became a published poet when a collection of his poems was published by his friend Lewis Campbell, two years after Maxwell's death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 91], "content_span": [92, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027152-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 in poetry, Works published, United Kingdom, Great scientist this year a published poet\nAs a great lover of British poetry, Maxwell memorized poems and wrote his own. The best known is Rigid Body Sings closely based on Comin' Through the Rye by Robert Burns, which he apparently used to sing while accompanying himself on a guitar. It has the immortal opening lines :", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 91], "content_span": [92, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027152-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 in poetry, Works published, United Kingdom, Great scientist this year a published poet\n(Maxwell is also known for creating the first true-colour photograph in 1861.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 91], "content_span": [92, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027152-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027152-0005-0000", "contents": "1882 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027153-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027154-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in science\nThe year 1882 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027155-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 in sports\n1882 in sport describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027158-0000-0000", "contents": "1882 transit of Venus\nThe 1882 transit of Venus, which took place on 6 December 1882 (13:57 to 20:15 UTC), was the second and last transit of Venus of the 19th century, the first having taken place eight years earlier in 1874. Many an expedition was sent by European powers to describe both episodes, eight of them alone were approved and financed in 1882 by the United States Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027158-0001-0000", "contents": "1882 transit of Venus\nEdward James Stone organized the British expeditions sent to observe the transit. Stephen Joseph Perry and Commander Pelham Aldrich, as captain of HMS Fawn, observed the transit from an improvised tent observatory in Madagascar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027158-0002-0000", "contents": "1882 transit of Venus\nJean-Charles Houzeau invented in 1871 a heliometer with unequal focal lengths. For the observation of the transit he organized two expeditions: one to San Antonio, Texas, and another to Santiago de Chile. The two expeditions each had an identical copy of Houzeau's heliometer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027158-0003-0000", "contents": "1882 transit of Venus\nThe French Academy of Sciences organized ten expeditions to various locations, including Florida, Mexico, Haiti, Martinique, and Cape Horn. For observations of the transit by French expeditions, for the year 1883 the French Academy of Sciences awarded nine Lalande Prizes to scientists, including Jean Jacques Anatole Bouquet de La Grye (leader of expedition to Puebla, Mexico), Octave de Bernardi\u00e8res (leader of expedition to San Bernardo, Chile), and the naval officer Georges-Ernest Fleuriais (leader of expedition to the coast of the province Santa Cruz in Patagonia).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027158-0004-0000", "contents": "1882 transit of Venus\nIn the United Kingdom the transit was observed from Charminster, Devon by Samuel Cooper. The event was celebrated in music with the Transit of Venus March by John Philip Sousa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027159-0000-0000", "contents": "1882: Custer in Chains\n1882: Custer in Chains is an American alternate history novel written by Robert Conroy. It was first published on May 5, 2015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027159-0001-0000", "contents": "1882: Custer in Chains, Plot\nThe point of divergence occurs during the Great Sioux War of 1876 by George Armstrong Custer surviving and defeating Sitting Bull and the Sioux at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027159-0002-0000", "contents": "1882: Custer in Chains, Plot\nCuster's victory over the Native Americans results in him becoming popular enough to run successfully for US President in the 1880 presidential election. He is soon propelled into the White House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027159-0003-0000", "contents": "1882: Custer in Chains, Plot\nTwo years later, Custer finds himself bored and seeks new worlds to conquer. He and his wife, Libbie, fixate on the decaying Spanish Empire as his source for immortality. He fails to understand that the US military is not up to such a venture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027159-0004-0000", "contents": "1882: Custer in Chains, Plot\nWhen a group of Americans on a ship headed for Cuba is massacred, a war against Spain could be on the horizon because of the incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 28], "content_span": [29, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027160-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\u20131883 Whitaker Ministry\nThe Whitaker Ministry was formed in 1882 as the government of New Zealand. It was led by Frederick Whitaker and lasted for 17 months, from 21 April 1882 to 25 September 1883. The Whitaker Ministry succeeded the Hall Ministry upon John Hall's resignation due to ill health.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027160-0001-0000", "contents": "1882\u20131883 Whitaker Ministry, North Island Main Trunk\nOn 15 September 1882 the ministry passed the North Island Main Trunk Railway Loan Act,  to expedite construction of the North Island Main Trunk south of Te Awamutu by authorising the overseas borrowing of a million pounds (probably in London) for the work.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027161-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Bolton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe 1882\u201383 season was the second season in which Bolton Wanderers competed in a senior competitive football competition. The club entered the FA Cup in November 1882, but were knocked out in the third round by the Welsh club Druids.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027162-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1882\u201383 season was the tenth Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027162-0001-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nFollowing two seasons as runners-up, it was 'third time lucky' for Dumbarton in the Scottish Cup where they were at last crowned Scottish champions. On the road to the final Dumbarton disposed of the holders, Queen's Park in the quarter final and after a 2-2 draw, defeated their old rivals Vale of Leven in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027162-0002-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Dumbarton F.C. season, Glasgow Charity Cup\nQueen's Park got some revenge for their Scottish Cup exit by beating Dumbarton in the semi final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027162-0003-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDuring the season, 18 'friendly' matches were played, including home and away fixtures against Vale of Leven, Hearts, Rangers, St Bernards and Cowlairs, a win over Ayrshire Cup holders Kilmarnock Portland, and a north of England 'tour' which took in three matches during the New Year holidays. In all, 13 were won, 2 drawn and 3 lost, scoring 53 goals and conceding 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027162-0004-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOf note amongst those donning the club's colours for the first time was Robert 'Plumber' Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027162-0005-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027162-0006-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International Caps\nAn international trial match was played on 3 March 1883 to consider selection of teams to represent Scotland in the upcoming games against England and Wales. Joe Lindsay, James McAulay, William McKinnon and Peter Miller played for the 'Probables' against Robert 'Plumber' Brown, James Miller and Michael Paton for the 'Improbables. Lindsay scored one of the 'Probables goals in their 4-3 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027162-0007-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International Caps\nSubsequently, William McKinnon, earned his first and second caps and both James McAulay and Peter Miller earned their second and third caps against England and Wales respectively. In addition Michael Paton earned his first international cap for Scotland against England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027162-0008-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative Matches\nScotch Counties played a trial match against a Glasgow XI on 6 January 1883 to decide on the team to play Lancashire, with Robert 'Sparrow' Brown and William McKinnon playing - the result being a 4-4 draw. The following week, Brown, McKinnon and Peter Miller played for the 'Counties' against Lancashire - drawing 3-3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027162-0009-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative Matches\nOn the same day as the Lancashire match, James McAulay, James Miller and Jock Hutcheson played for Scotch Counties in a trial match against a Glasgow XI, this time to consider the team to play against Birmingham & District. The result was a 4-0 win with Miller scoring one of the goals. On 27 January 1883, Jock Hutcheson, James McAulay, William McKinnon, James Miller and Peter Miller all played for the 'Counties' against Birmingham & District - drawing 2-2 with James Miller scoring one of the goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027162-0010-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve Team\nDumbarton competed in the Scottish Second XI Cup, anxious to repeat their success of the previous season. Reports on these matches are sketchy, no doubt due to the overwhelming local interest in the Scottish Cup progress at the same time, but Dumbarton lost out at the semi final stage to eventual winners Kilmarnock Athletic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027162-0011-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve Team\nOn 3 March 1883 a Dumbartonshire B XI played against a Glasgow B XI to raise funds for the Second Eleven Association. R Lindsay, Tom Veitch, G Galbraith, James Liddell, McIntyre and R Anderson were all selected to play for 'Dumbarton' in a 1-1 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027163-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 FA Cup\nThe 1882\u201383 Football Association Challenge Cup was the twelfth staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. Eighty-four teams entered, eleven more than the previous season, although five of the eighty-four never played a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027164-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nSeason 1882\u201383 was the eighth season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the eighth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027164-0001-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts reached the third round of the Scottish Cup and were knocked out by Vale of Leven. They also reached the semi final of the Edinburgh Fa Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027165-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Hibernian F.C. season\nSeason 1882\u201383 was the 7th season in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the 6th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027165-0001-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nHibs reached the quarter-final of the Scottish Cup, losing 6\u20130 to the Arthurlie in a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027166-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Morton F.C. season\nThe 1882\u201383 season was Morton Football Club's sixth season in which they competed at a national level, entering the inaugural Scottish Cup. The club competed in the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027167-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 New Zealand cricket season\nDuring the 1882\u201383 New Zealand cricket season, the first class cricket consisted of six matches: an Auckland team went on a tour in December including three games, two in the South Island and in Wellington on the southern tip of the North Island, and three further local clashes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027167-0001-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 New Zealand cricket season\nCanterbury won both their matches in this season, but by close margins (27 runs over Auckland and four runs over Otago). Auckland also had a good record, with three wins and a loss after a first-innings lead to Canterbury, while Wellington won the annual clash with Nelson to end with a 1\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027167-0002-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 New Zealand cricket season\nMatches in Canterbury and Auckland were played with four-ball overs, the remainder with five-ball overs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027167-0003-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 New Zealand cricket season, Events, Auckland's December tour\nIn the first clash between the sides since 1877, Canterbury fought off Auckland quick bowler William Lankham, who took eleven for 99 on first class debut, and a first-innings deficit of 32 to clinch victory on the final day. David Ashby and George Watson made a fourth-wicket stand of 64, the second largest stand of the game after Watson had made 81 for the second wicket with William Reeves in the first innings, and Canterbury closed with a lead of 123 with five wickets in hand. On the third morning, ten wickets fell for 50 runs, five of them Auckland wickets, and they now required 124 to win. However, William Frith completed a ten-wicket-haul to help Canterbury to a 27-run win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 68], "content_span": [69, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027167-0004-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 New Zealand cricket season, Events, Auckland's December tour\nAuckland retained their unbeaten record against Wellington, who despite winning the toss trailed by 80 runs on first innings, with Robert Yates' 49 the top score. Lankham continued his good tour with four wickets in the second innings, ending with 18 wickets thus far.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 68], "content_span": [69, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027167-0005-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 New Zealand cricket season, Events, Auckland's December tour\nAuckland ended the tour with a 2\u20131 record after a narrow win at Nelson, with Nelson bowler James Wigzell taking his only career five-wicket-haul after the Nelson captain put Auckland in to bat. Then the hosts were all out for 33, with four ducks and no double-digit scores, with Lankham taking six wickets and two men run out. Wigzell ended with nine wickets, and Nelson nearly chased down the target of 155; in the final partnership, the nine and eleven batsmen made 22 not out and 30 respectively, before Auckland opening bowler William Buckland struck to seal the win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 68], "content_span": [69, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027167-0006-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 New Zealand cricket season, Events, Auckland's December tour\nAuckland's tour also included four non-first-class matches before the Canterbury match, against teams from Dunedin, Oamaru, Timaru and Ashburton, all of which Auckland won. The 12-man team left Auckland by ship on 16 November, and returned on 17 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 68], "content_span": [69, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027168-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1882\u201383 season is the 9th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027169-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Cup\nThe 1882\u201383 Scottish Cup \u2013 officially the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup \u2013 was the 10th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Dumbarton won the cup for the first, and so far only, time when they beat Vale of Leven 2\u20131 in a replayed final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027169-0001-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Cup\nDefending champions Queen's Park were knock-out by eventual winners Dumbarton in the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027169-0002-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Cup, Calendar\nAs with the previous competitions, the eighth edition of the Scottish Cup took on the format of a traditional knockout tournament. For the earlier rounds, the names of competing teams were placed into lots according to their districts and drawn into pairs. The home team for each tie was determined by the toss of a coin unless it was mutually agreed or only one of the two clubs drawn against one another had a private ground. In the event of a draw, the team who lost the toss would have the choice of ground for the replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027169-0002-0001", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Cup, Calendar\nA similar procedure was used for subsequent rounds however, any club which had received a bye in the previous round would first be drawn against one of the winners of the previous round. The names of winning teams were placed into one lot for later rounds. The choice of venue for the final matches was reserved to the Scottish Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027169-0003-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 125 teams entered the competition in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027169-0004-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Cup, First round\nApsley, Aberdeen, King's Park, Queen of the South Wanderers and Vale of Leven received a bye to the second round. Glasgow University and Edinburgh University received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027169-0005-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Cup, Third round\nEdinburgh University, Glasgow University, Hibernian and Hurlford received a bye to the fourth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027169-0006-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Cup, Fifth Round\nDumbarton, Kilmarnock Athletic, Partick Thistle, Pollokshields Athletic and 3rd Lanark RV received a bye to the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027170-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1882-83 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027170-0001-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027170-0002-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Districts season, History\nGlasgow District backed up last season's win in the Inter-City with another win against Edinburgh District. The Midlands District were due to play North of Scotland District on 23 December 1882; but the north team did not turn up. The match was advertised and a crowd had formed at the Institution ground at Balgay Farm, Dundee. The Institution team provided a XV; and the rest of the Midlands District players drawn from St. Andrews University, Dundee HSFP and Panmure provided a XV - and so a Instititution vs Rest of Midlands match was instead played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027170-0003-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe East v West match was played, despite a covering of the pitch by 2 inches of snow. Both teams were a man short, so the match was played 14 men against 14 men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027170-0004-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nGlasgow District: G. Mitchell (West of Scotland), A. J. W. Reid (West of Scotland), and D. W. Kidston (Glasgow Academicals), A. R. Wilson (Glasgow University), J. F. Adamson (West of Scotland), J. B. Brown (Glasgow Academicals), W. A. Walls (Glasgow Academicals), J. G. Mowat (Glasgow Academicals), B. Allan (Glasgow Academicals), D. Y. Cassels (West of Scotland), D. McCowan (West of Scotland), J. Jamieson (West of Scotland), A. Walker (West of Scotland), R. E. Beveridge (Glasgow University), J. S. Lang (Glasgow University).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027170-0004-0001", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nEdinburgh District: J. P. Veitch (Royal HSFP), M. Reid (Loretto), H. Brooks (Edinburgh University), H. H. Littlejohn (Edinburgh Academicals), G. Aitchison (Edinburgh Wanderers), T. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution F.P.) [ captain], D. Somerville (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), C. Reid (Edinburgh Academicals), A. G. Mossman (Edinburgh Academicals), R. Thorburn (Edinburgh Academicals), William Peterkin (Edinburgh University), A. Keep (Edinburgh University), G.C. Alexander (Edinburgh Wanderers), E. Morrison (Edinburgh Wanderers), J. Greig (Edinburgh Wanderers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027170-0005-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nDundee Institution F.P. : Back, Grant; half-backs, W. Sharp and Dick\u00a0; quarterbacks, Alexander and Christian; forwards, G. Luis (captain), J. H. Luis, F. Sharp, W. G. Thomson, J. K. Thomson, Adie, H. Hill, E. Hill, A. Wells, P. Lowe (Perth). Rest of Midlands District: Back, Kae; halfbacks, H. Stiven, G. Stiven, Crabbe (Panmure)\u00a0; quarter-backs, Stark and Braid\u00a0; forwards, C. Morrison (captain), Menzies, McKerrncher, Scott, 1. Bell (St. Andrews), Hutchison, Ferguson (High School F.P.s), Dow, Fraser (Panmure)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027170-0006-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nNorth: J. C. Anderson (St. Andrew\u2019s University), W. R. Sharp (Dundee Institution) and W. C. Myles (Aberdeen University) (half-backs), C. Braid (St. Andrew\u2019s University) and J. Alexander (Dundee Institution) (quarters), C. Morrison (St. Andrew's University), T. Bell (St. Andrew's University), M. McKerracher (St. Andrew's University), P. R. Lowe (Perth), T. G. Luis (St. Andrew's University) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027170-0006-0001", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\ncaptain], G.C. Adie (St. Andrew's University), J.K.Thompson (St. Andrew's University), P. Menzies (St. Andrew\u2019s University), T. Anderson (Perth), and F. Sharp (Dundee Institution)South: J. Simpson (Melrose) (back), A. Sanderson (Galashiels) and R. H. Bridie (Greenock Wanderers) (half-backs), A. B. Aitken (Greenock Wanderers) and A. Haig (Melrose) (Quarter-backs), J. E. Gilchrist (Greenock Wanderers) [ captain], G. Gilchrist (Greenock Wanderers), R. Lucock (Greenock Wanderers), W. Gibb (Greenock Wanderers), J. Ward (Galashiels), W. Kerr (Earlston), J. S. Turnbull (Kelso), A. T. Clay (Kelso), T. Logan (Kelso), and T. Amos (Hawick)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027170-0007-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nEast: J. P. Veitch (Royal HSFP), H. Brooks (Edinburgh University), M. F. Reid (Loretto), W. S. Hopper (Edinburgh Institution) and P. W. Smeaton (Edinburgh Academicals) (quarter-backs), R. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027170-0007-0001", "contents": "1882\u201383 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\ncaptain], T. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution), and D. Somerville (Edinburgh Institution), E. Morrison (Edinburgh Wanderers), W. Peterkin (Edinburgh University), C. Keep (Edinburgh University), J. A. G. Malone (Edinburgh University), G. Adie (Dundee Institution), and J. Tod (Watsonians)West: D. W. Kidston (Glasgow Academicals) (back), A. J. W. Reid (West of Scotland) and A. P. Reid (West of Scotland) (hair-backs), C. W. Dunlop (West of Scotland) and A. R. Wilson (Glasgow University) (quarter-backs). B. Allan (Glasgow Academicals). J. B. Brown (Glasgow Academicals), G. H. Robb (Glasgow Academicals), Hylands (Glasgow Southern). Morton, D. Y. Cassels (captain), A. Walker, D. McGowan, and J. Jamieson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027171-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 Welsh Cup\nThe 1882\u201383 FAW Welsh Cup was the 6th edition of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027172-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season\nThe 1882\u201383 season was the fifth season in the history of West Bromwich Albion Football Club. This was the club's first season at their fourth ground, the Four Acres. The ground had been home to the West Bromwich Dartmouth Cricket Club since 1834, but the cricket club allowed Albion to play football matches there on Saturdays and Mondays. The club wore two different kits during 1882\u201383: as well as the chocolate and blue halves from the previous season, the club also sported narrow red and white hoops.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027172-0001-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season\nAlbion won their first ever trophy when they defeated Stoke 3\u20132 in the final of the Staffordshire Senior Cup, winning the competition at the first attempt. They also reached the final of the Wednesbury Charity Cup, but lost 5\u20133 to Notts Rangers. In the Birmingham Senior Cup, Albion reached the fourth round, having registered their record competitive victory\u2014a 26\u20130 win against Coseley\u2014in round one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027172-0002-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season\nIt was the first season in which Albion fielded a reserve side in addition to their first team; the club's second team played 24 matches and went through the season undefeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027172-0003-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Birmingham Senior Cup\nIn the first round of their second Birmingham Senior Cup campaign, Albion beat Coseley by a 26\u20130 scoreline, having led 17\u20130 at half-time. Every Albion outfield player scored at least once; goalkeeper Bob Roberts was the only one of the team not to appear on the scoresheet. Harry Aston led the scoring, netting five times, while Billy Bisseker, George Timmins and George Bell also scored hat-tricks in what remains the club's record competitive victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027172-0003-0001", "contents": "1882\u201383 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Birmingham Senior Cup\nAfter receiving a bye in round two, Albion defeated Wolverhampton Wanderers 4\u20132; this was the first ever meeting between the two local rivals and therefore the first Black Country derby match. Wednesbury Old Athletic were the opposition in the fourth round match. Aston scored for Albion but the team lost 2\u20131 as Old Athletic eliminated Albion from the competition for the second successive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027172-0004-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Staffordshire Senior Cup\nAlbion, taking part in the Staffordshire Senior Cup for the first time, defeated Bloxwich Strollers 4\u20130 in the first round replay, following a 3\u20133 draw. In round two, Albion met local rivals Aston Villa for the first time, and after another 3\u20133 draw, won the replay with a goal from George Timmins. The team drew 2\u20132 in the third round, but their opponents St George's were then disqualified from the competition for fielding two ineligible players in the match, so Albion progressed by default. In the semi-final against Leek White Star, Harry Aston scored a hat-trick as Albion won 8\u20130 to reach a cup final for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 66], "content_span": [67, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027172-0005-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Staffordshire Senior Cup\nIn the final, Albion faced Stoke at the latter's Victoria Ground. More than 1,500 West Bromwich Albion supporters took advantage of a special rail excursion to attend the game. Johnson opened the scoring for Stoke after 15 minutes, but Albion replied through Timmins and Fred Bunn. Stoke equalised before half-time when Johnson claimed his second goal of the match. George Bell scored the winning goal in the second half when he headed a cross past Stoke's goalkeeper Wildin. Albion's 3\u20132 victory meant that they had won their first ever trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 66], "content_span": [67, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027172-0006-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Wednesbury Charity Cup\nAlbion participated in the Wednesbury Charity Cup for the first time and drew 3\u20133 with Wednesbury Strollers in the first round. In the replay, Albion progressed by a 7\u20131 scoreline. Harry Aston scored the only goal of the semi-final against Aston Unity at Wellington Road. The final took place at the same venue, against Notts Rangers; two goals from Harry Aston and one from Bisseker were not enough as Albion were defeated 5\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027172-0007-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Friendly matches\nAs league football had yet to be established, West Bromwich Albion took part in a number of friendly matches throughout the season. Among these games was a 10\u20130 win against Stourbridge Standard in which Billy Bisseker scored six goals. This was the first match held at the Four Acres. Later in the season, Harry Aston scored six times as Albion were 10\u20131 winners against Birmingham Junior Association. The record of the club's matches during their early years is not complete, thus several of the scorelines are missing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027173-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 in English football\nThe 1882\u201383 season was the 12th season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027173-0001-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027174-0000-0000", "contents": "1882\u201383 in Scottish football\nThe 1882\u201383 season was the 10th season of competitive football in Scotland, United Kingdom. This season saw the introduction of the latest in the series of regional competitions with the inaugural playing of the Fife Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027175-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\n1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1883rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 883rd  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 83rd  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  4th   year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1883, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027176-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Alabama's 8th congressional district special election\nOn January 3, 1883, Democrat Joseph Wheeler was elected to finish the term of Greenback William M. Lowe in the United States House of Representatives. He represented Alabama's 8th congressional district. He was seated January 15, 1883, for the term ending March 3, 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027176-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Alabama's 8th congressional district special election, Background\nIn the 1878 United States House of Representatives elections, Lowe was elected to serve in the 46th United States Congress. He lost re-election to Wheeler in 1880, but successfully contested the election and was reseated June 3, 1882. Lowe then died October 12, 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027176-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Alabama's 8th congressional district special election, Next term\nWheeler had not been elected to the next term on November 7, 1882, which was won by fellow Democrat Luke Pryor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 69], "content_span": [70, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027177-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1883 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and the first half of fall in 1883. This is the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. In the 1883 Atlantic season there was one tropical storm, one Category 1 hurricane, and two major hurricanes (Category 3+). However, in the absence of modern satellite monitoring and remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027177-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) recognizes four tropical cyclones for the 1883 season. In 1883 there was one tropical storm, one Category 1 hurricane and two major hurricanes in the Atlantic basin. Due to the inactivity of the season, there were no storms in June, July or November. Both Hurricane One and Hurricane Two were active in the Western Atlantic throughout the second half of August. Although Hurricane One was the only storm of the year not to make a landfall, it did cause 80 deaths among seafarers off Newfoundland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027177-0001-0001", "contents": "1883 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nHurricane Three was a major hurricane that was first seen in the Lesser Antilles and travelled north to eventually dissipate over Virginia. It caused 106 deaths in the Bahamas and North Carolina. The last known cyclone was a tropical storm active in October between the Bahamas and the coast of North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027177-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nA tropical storm was first seen on August 18 in the tropical Atlantic. It moved to the west-northwest, becoming a hurricane before turning to the northeast. It moved past Newfoundland on August 26. The hurricane caused 80 deaths from swells in the Newfoundland area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027177-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nA hurricane was first seen on August 24 to the northeast of the Lesser Antilles. Resembling a Cape Verde-type hurricane, it moved to the northwest, and reached major hurricane status on the 28th. On the 29th, the hurricane peaked at 130\u00a0mph (210\u00a0km/h), but turned to the northeast where unfavorable conditions caused it to weaken. It passed south of the Canadian Maritimes, and became extratropical on August 30 to the east of Newfoundland. The extratropical storm persisted until September 2 when it lost its identity over East Anglia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027177-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nA major hurricane moved through the Lesser Antilles on September 4. It crossed Hispaniola, weakening to a minimal hurricane. It restrengthened as it passed the Bahamas, and struck North Carolina as a Category 2 hurricane on the 11th. It dissipated over Virginia on September 13. Across North Carolina trees were uprooted and fences, light buildings, telegraph and telephone lines blown down . Several vessels were wrecked off the North Carolina coast and flooding occurred along the Cape Fear River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027177-0004-0001", "contents": "1883 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nIn Virginia the rains from this storm helped end a summer-long drought but any benefit was minimal, as the peanut crop had already failed from the lack of rain. At Nottoway, Virginia, heavy rain from the cyclone may have led to a train with 10 freight cars derailing. Overall the hurricane caused 106 deaths in the Bahamas and North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027177-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four\nA tropical storm formed on October 22 over the Bahamas. It moved to the north, then turned to the northeast while off the North Carolina coastline. The storm peaked at 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h) on October 24 before becoming extratropical the same night. As an extratropical cyclone it strengthened to an 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h) storm before dissipating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027178-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027178-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027178-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027178-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027178-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027179-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Birthday Honours\nThe 1883 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 24 May 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027179-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027180-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Boston Beaneaters season\nThe 1883 Boston Beaneaters season was the thirteenth season of the franchise. The Beaneaters won their third National League pennant, their third in six years. This is also generally recognized as the year during which the team's nickname became the Boston Beaneaters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027180-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027180-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027180-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027180-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027181-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1883 saw  the election of Augustus Pearl Martin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027182-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Brooklyn Grays season\nThe Brooklyn baseball club was formed in 1883 by real estate magnate and baseball enthusiast Charles Byrne who convinced his brother-in-law Joseph Doyle and casino operator Ferdinand Abell to start the team with him. Byrne set up a grandstand on fifth avenue and named it Washington Park in honor of George Washington. The team played in the minor Inter-State Association of Professional Baseball Clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027182-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Brooklyn Grays season\nDoyle became the first manager of the team, which drew 6,000 fans to its first home game on May 12, 1883, against the Trenton team. (This was actually the second game the club played in Brooklyn; three days earlier, with Washington Park not yet ready, the Greys beat Harrisburg 7-1 at the Parade Ground. It was the only professional match ever held at the ground, with some 2,000 fans in attendance.) The team won the league title after the Camden Merritt club disbanded on July 20 and Brooklyn picked up some of its better players. The Grays were invited to join the American Association for the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027183-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Bruce by-election\nThe 1883 Bruce by-election was a by-election held on 29 June in the Bruce electorate during the 8th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027183-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Bruce by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death on 16 May of the incumbent MP James Rutherford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027183-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Bruce by-election\nOn a show of hands Mr Gillies won, but the third candidate William A. Mosley demanded a poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027183-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Bruce by-election\nHowever in the 1884 election Gillies won the seat and McDonald came third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027184-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Buffalo Bisons season\nThe 1883 Buffalo Bisons finished the season with a 52\u201345 record, good for fifth place in the National League. Star slugger Dan Brouthers won his second consecutive NL batting title with a .374 average and Pud Galvin posted 46 wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027184-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027184-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027184-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027184-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027185-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Casamicciola earthquake\nThe 1883 Casamicciola earthquake, also known as the 1883 Ischia earthquake occurred on 28 July at 20:25 local time (Central European Time) on the island of Ischia in the Gulf of Naples in Italy. Although the earthquake had an estimated moment magnitude (Mw) of 4.2 to 5.8, considered moderate in size, it caused intense ground shaking that was assigned XI (Extreme) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. Of the 26,000 inhabitants in the town of Casamicciola, at least 2,313\u20133,100 people lost their lives. The city also suffered great property losses, with 80% of all homes destroyed. This earthquake was exceptionally destructive for its magnitude mainly due to the shallow focal depth of the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027185-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Casamicciola earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake occurred on the northern slopes of Mount Epomeo along a near-vertical fault with an estimated length of 2 km. An east-west or east northeast-west southwest fault structure was suggested as the cause of the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027185-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Casamicciola earthquake, Impact\nThe earthquake was most devastating in the northern part of the city of Casamicciola, collapsing or seriously damaging many homes. Private buildings, hotels, churches and country houses were among the many infrastructures destroyed by the earthquake. Damage was reported in every part of the island, with only a handful of buildings left untouched by the quake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027186-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1883 Chicago White Stockings season was the 12th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 8th in the National League and the 6th at Lakefront Park. The White Stockings finished second in the National League with a record of 59\u201339.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027186-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027186-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027186-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027186-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027187-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Chicago mayoral election\nThe Chicago mayoral election of 1883 saw Democratic incumbent Carter Harrison Sr. defeat Republican Eugene Cary by a double-digit margin. The election took place on April 3, 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027187-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Chicago mayoral election\nBy winning the 1883 election, Harrison became the second mayor in Chicago history to be elected to a third term (after only Francis Cornwall Sherman), and the first to be elected to a third consecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027187-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Chicago mayoral election\nBy the day of the election, Harrison was already the second-longest serving mayor in the city's history, and was only roughly a month shy of surpassing Monroe Heath as the longest serving mayor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027187-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Chicago mayoral election\nHarrison's 15% margin of victory was the greatest in all of his campaigns for mayor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027187-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nA key issue of the election was the high licensing fees in the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027187-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nDuring the campaign, many reformers, newspapers, and business interests coalesced their support behind a Citizen's Ticket that supported Republican nominee Eugene Cary for mayor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027188-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Cincinnati Red Stockings season\nThe 1883 Cincinnati Red Stockings season was a season in American baseball. The team finished third in the American Association with a record of 61\u201337, 5 games behind the Philadelphia Athletics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027188-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nThe Red Stockings came into the 1883 season looking to repeat as American Association Champions, as they had a league best record of 55\u201325 in 1882. During the off-season, the team announced that catcher Pop Snyder would return as player-manager. Cincinnati also made a big signing, as they signed Charley Jones, who played with the Cincinnati Reds of the National League from 1876\u20131878. Jones had not played professional baseball since 1880, when he played for the Boston Red Caps of the NL, after which he was black-balled from professional baseball. The Red Stockings also signed another former Reds player, John Reilly, who had also last played major league baseball for the Reds in the 1880 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027188-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nOn the diamond, the Red Stockings were led by Jones, who hit .294 with a team leading ten home runs, as well as a league leading 80 RBI. Reilly hit a team high .311 with nine homers and 79 RBI. On the mound, Will White continued to be the ace of the pitching staff, posting a 43\u201322 record with 64 complete games and a 2.09 ERA in 577 innings pitched.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027188-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season, Season summary\nCincinnati started off the season on the right foot, winning their first four games, and had an impressive 11\u20135 record in their first sixteen ballgames. However, they were 3.5 games behind the Athletics. The Red Stockings would continue to play good baseball, and had a 31\u201323 record. However, they sat in fourth place. Cincinnati would then go on to win twelve of their next thirteen games to improve to 43\u201324. However, they only moved up to third place. The Red Stockings would remain in third place for the rest of the season, finishing the year at 61\u201337, five games behind the Athletics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 68], "content_span": [69, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027188-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 81], "content_span": [82, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027188-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027188-0006-0000", "contents": "1883 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027188-0007-0000", "contents": "1883 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 77], "content_span": [78, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027189-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Cleveland Blues season\nThe 1883 Cleveland Blues finished the season at 55\u201342, fourth place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027189-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027189-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027189-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027189-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027190-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Columbia football team\nThe 1883 Columbia football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1883 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20133 record and was outscored by a total of 147 to 13. The team had no coach. W. N. Eldridge was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027191-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Columbian University football team\nThe 1883 Columbian University football team was an American football team that represented Columbian University (now known as George Washington University) as an independent during the 1883 college football season. They had a 0\u20132 record with no head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027192-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Columbus Buckeyes season\nThe 1883 Columbus Buckeyes finished with a 32\u201365 record, sixth place in the American Association. This was the first season in the major leagues for the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027192-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Columbus Buckeyes season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027192-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Columbus Buckeyes season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027192-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Columbus Buckeyes season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027192-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Columbus Buckeyes season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027192-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 Columbus Buckeyes season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027193-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Costa Rican census\nThe Costa Rica 1883 Census was elaborated by then Direcci\u00f3n General de Estad\u00edstica y Censos, predecessor of current National Institute of Statistics and Census. The total population was at the moment 182,073.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027194-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Croatian parliamentary by-election\nCroatian parliamentary by-election for the Croatian Military Frontier districts which had been incorporated into the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia in 1881 were held over three days between 19 and 21 April 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027195-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Cypriot legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in Cyprus on 6, 7 and 8 June 1883. They were the first elections to the newly established Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027195-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Cypriot legislative election, Background\nThe Legislative Council was formed in 1882, and consisted of six official members appointed by the High Commissioner and twelve elected members, three of which were Muslims and nine of which were non-Muslims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027195-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Cypriot legislative election, Electoral system\nThe island was divided into three constituencies, each formed of two districts. Each constituency elected one Muslim and three non-Muslims. Muslim voters had one vote, whilst non-Muslims could vote for up to three candidates. Due to the high levels of illiteracy, voting was not secret, with voters required to tell the polling officers their candidates of choice, often in front of agents of the candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027195-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Cypriot legislative election, Electoral system\nSuffrage was limited to men aged over 21 who had been permanent residents during the five years prior to the election, and had paid either the verghi tax (which was levied as an annual payment of one four-thousandth of a property's value, 4% of rental income or 3% on profits or salaries) or rent for a dwelling or shop within the last year. However, of the estimated 40,000 taxpayers in the territory at the time of the elections, only those that had been able to pay their taxes on time were able to register to vote. A total of 21,073 voters were registered, of which 16,727 were Greek.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027195-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nThe Larnaca\u2013Famagusta constituency was contested by six non-Muslim candidates; Sotiris Amfietzis (Mayor of Famagusta), Kyprianos Economides (Bishop of Kition), Richardos Matei (an agronomist and landowner), Theodoros Peristianis (a lawyer), Zenon D. Pierides (a trader) and Arthur Young, a British district commissioner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027195-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nThe Limassol\u2013Paphos constituency was contested by eight non-Muslim candidates; Christodoulos Karydis (Mayor of Limassol), Georgios Loukas (a teacher), Georgios Malikides (a trader), Christodoulos Modinos, Dimitrios Nikolaidis (a trader), Tourmousis Paschalidis (a trader), Dimosthenis Pilavakis (a landowner) and Kyprianos Economides, who was also running in Larnaca\u2013Famagusta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027195-0006-0000", "contents": "1883 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nIn Nicosia\u2013Kyrenia, six non-Muslim candidates contested the three seats; Efstathios Constantinides (a professor), Paschalis Constantinides (a lawyer and money lender, and brother of Efstathios), Grigorios Dimitriadis (a landowner), Ioannis Pavlidis (a teacher), Michalis Siakallis (a grain dealer), and Richardos Matei, who was also running in Larnaca\u2013Famagusta. Although the Governor of Nicosia had pointed out to the Registrar that Matei was not registered to vote and could not be a candidate, his nomination was accepted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027195-0007-0000", "contents": "1883 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nKyprianos Economides (Bishop of Kition), was elected in both Larnaca\u2013Famagusta and Limassol\u2013Paphos. He informed the High Commissioner that he intended to keep his Larnaca\u2013Famagusta. A by-election was subsequently arranged for 17 July, which was contested by Dimostheni Chatzipavlou, Michail Efthyvoulos and Georgios Loukas, a losing candidate from the original elections. Chatzipavlou was elected with 1,172 votes to 231 for Efthyvoulos and 45 for Loukas; voter turnout was just 24.6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027195-0008-0000", "contents": "1883 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nMichalis Siakallis died within a year of the election, and a by-election was held in the Nicosia\u2013Kyrenia on 4 March. Ioannis Pavlidis, who had finished fifth in the 1883 elections, was elected with 505 votes, defeating NikolaosR\u00f3ssos (429 votes) and Theodoulos Konstantinidis (85). Voter turnout was only 16.1% of the 6,324 electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027195-0009-0000", "contents": "1883 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nLimassol\u2013Paphos representative Dimostheni Chatzipavlou resigned from the Council in 1884. In the by-election on 5 November, Dimitris Pieridis was elected with 820 votes, defeating Ioannis Karemfylakis (175 votes). Voter turnout was 15.6% of the 6,533 electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027195-0010-0000", "contents": "1883 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nThe final by-election of the Council's first term was held on 24 December 1885 following the resignation of Pieridis. Socrates Fragoudis was elected with 686 votes, defeating Karemfylaki (60 votes). Voter turnout was 15.4% of the 4,849 electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027196-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Dalmatian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027196-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Dalmatian parliamentary election, Results\nThe 1883 election marked the first time that a party other than People's Party or Autonomist Party won seats in the Diet of Dalmatia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027197-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Dartmouth football team\nThe 1883 Dartmouth football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1883 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027198-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Detroit Wolverines season\nThe 1883 Detroit Wolverines finished the season with a 40\u201358 record, good for seventh place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027198-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027198-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027198-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027198-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027199-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Dutch general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Netherlands on 12 June 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027200-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Egyptian parliamentary election\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Monkbot (talk | contribs) at 14:26, 5 January 2020 (\u2192\u200etop: Task 15:  language icon template(s) replaced (1\u00d7);). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027200-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Egyptian parliamentary election\nA three-stage parliamentary election was held in Egypt in 1883, with 13.3% of the population eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027200-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Egyptian parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe country's electoral system was designed by Lord Dufferin, who was said by The Times to have \"adopted the design of a pyramid\". The first stage of the election involved the election of one \"election delegate\" (for which there was no eligibility criteria) in around 4,300 village constituencies. A total of 797,571 citizens were eligible to vote in the first stage. The delegates then met in the provincial capitals to elect a Provincial Council. The fourteen Provincial Councils then elected one member each to the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027200-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Egyptian parliamentary election, Electoral system\nCairo was divided into twelve quarters, with each quarter holding one delegate, with 65,016 people eligible to vote. The twelve delegates then elected a single member of the Legislative Council. Alexandria was divided into four quarters, each electing a delegate. Together with the single delegates elected from Damietta, Port Said, Rosetta, Suez, El Arish and Ismailia, they elected one member of the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027200-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Egyptian parliamentary election, Provincial Councils\nThe country had fourteen Provincial Councils with between three and eight members. Only delegates were eligible to be elected to the councils, with the additional criteria that prospective members had to be over the age of 30, literate, pay at least \u00a350 of land tax a year and not be a soldier or functionary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 57], "content_span": [58, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027200-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 Egyptian parliamentary election, Legislative Council\nThe Legislative Council was composed of 30 members, 14 of which were elected by the Provincial Councils, 14 appointed by the Khedive on the advice of his ministers, one elected by the Cairo delegates and one elected by the delegates from the seven other cities. It met six times a year, starting in February, then in every other month.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 57], "content_span": [58, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027200-0006-0000", "contents": "1883 Egyptian parliamentary election, General Council\nA General Council was also convened. This had 84 members, consisting of the eight ministers of the Khedive, the 30 members of the Legislative Council, and a further 46 members elected by electors from the village constituencies, cities and towns. The same eligibility criteria as the Provincial Councils was applied to members, except for the land tax requirement, which was reduced to \u00a320 in Cairo and Alexandria and zero for the rest of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027201-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 English cricket season\n1883 was the 97th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). There was the first of four successive titles won by Notts, and the beginning of the \"Great Revival\" of Surrey, who had been among the weaker counties since 1866.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027201-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027202-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 FA Cup Final\nThe 1883 FA Cup Final was contested by Blackburn Olympic and Old Etonians at the Kennington Oval. Blackburn Olympic won 2\u20131 after extra time. James Costley and Arthur Matthews scored for Blackburn; Harry Goodhart for Old Etonians. It was a watershed match for the sport, as for the first time in an FA Cup final a working-class team playing the 'combination game' (passing) were triumphant over a team playing the public school tactics of 'rushing' and 'scrimmages'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027202-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 FA Cup Final, Overview\nBlackburn Olympic, coached by former England player, Jack Hunter, had previously eliminated Lower Darwen, Darwen Ramblers and Druids, reaching the final after a 4\u20130 over Old Carthusians in the semi-final. On the other hand, Old Etonians earned to play their third consecutive final, although they were not the favourites to win the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027202-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 FA Cup Final, Overview\nThe following is the chronicle of the match, as it appeared on The Morning Post:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027202-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 FA Cup Final, Overview\nThe deciding trial in the competition came off at Kennington-Oval on Saturday. The attendance was very large. In the first half the Old Etonians scored a goal, kicked by Goodhart, but matters were balanced when Massie got the leather through. At the call of time the score stood at a goal each, and then the extra half-hour was entered upon. A very exciting struggle followed, and at about 15 minutes from the call of time Costley headed the ball through, and no further score being made, Blackburn were winners by two goals to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027202-0003-0001", "contents": "1883 FA Cup Final, Overview\nThe Cup was presented by Major Marindin, and Mr. Coddington, MP for Blackburn, acknowledged the compliment on behalf of the winners. The Etonians suffere a severe loss through Dunn getting damaged during the first half, but, by way of a set-off, the Blackburn team had three of their men crippled. It was a grandly-contested trial, and the Blackburn men won by fast play and good condition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027203-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Fordham football team\nThe 1883 Fordham football team represented Fordham University during the 1883 college football season. The team was led by its first head coach, John F. Condon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027204-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Gallaudet Bison football team\nThe 1883 Gallaudet Bison football team represented the Gallaudet Bison of Gallaudet University, a college for deaf-mutes. In the team's inaugural season, it defeated Georgetown twice. The players sewed their own uniforms, made of heavy canvas with black and white stripes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027205-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Georgetown football team\nThe 1883 Georgetown football team represented the Georgetown University during the 1883 college football season. Georgetown's official records do not include any games prior to 1887, however media guides prior to 1950 included this season's results, and Gallaudet records the 1883 match-ups as its first games. The November 20 game is recorded as the first college football game in Washington, D.C..", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027206-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Glebe colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Glebe on 22 May 1883 because Sir George Allen resigned to go on an extended trip to England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027207-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Grand National\nThe 1883 Grand National was the 45th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 30 March 1883. With only 10 starters, it was the smallest Grand National field in history (excluding the precursors of 1836-8).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027208-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1883 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1883 college football season. The team compiled an 8\u20132 record, losing its rivalry games against both Princeton and Yale. Randolph M. Appleton was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship\nThe 1883 Home Nations Championship was the inaugural series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Five matches were played between 16 December 1882 and 3 March 1883. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship\nEngland were the inaugural winners, and in beating the other three nations became the first winners of the Triple Crown although the phrase was not in use at the time (actually not before 1894).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England\nWales: Charles Lewis (Llandovery College) capt., Harry Bowen (Llanelli), William Norton (Cardiff), James Clare (Cardiff), Charlie Newman (Newport), David Gwynn (Swansea), Edward Treharne (Pontypridd), Thomas Judson (Llanelli), Frank Purdon (Swansea) Tom Clapp (Nantyglo), Bob Gould (Newport), George Frederick Harding (Newport), Alfred Cattell (Llanelli), Thomas Baker Jones (Newport), George Morris (Swansea)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England\nEngland: AS Taylor (Blackheath), CG Wade (Oxford University), Arthur Evanson (Oxford University), WN Bolton (Blackheath), A Rotherham (Oxford University), JH Payne (Broughton), RS Kindersley (Oxford University), CS Wooldridge (Oxford University), Harry Vassall (Oxford University), Herbert Fuller (Cambridge University), Graham Standing (Blackheath), WM Tatham (Oxford University), Robert Henderson (Blackheath), GT Thomson (Halifax), ET Gurdon (Richmond) capt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England\nEngland started off their winning campaign by beating the newest of the home nations, Wales. This was the second meeting between the two countries and the first rugby union international hosted on Welsh soil. The match is also recognised as the first match where brothers of former international were also capped; England's Arthur Evanson and Arthur Taylor, brothers of Wyndham Evanson and Henry Taylor. Another first was referee A Herbert, the first Welshman to officiate an international rugby union match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0006-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England\nAfter the humiliation of the first meeting between the two sides, when Wales lost by a margin of 13 tries, this game was seen as a vast improvement in play. The 'competent' Welsh team were undone by Australian Oxford scholar Gregory Wade, whose wing play the Welsh team had difficulty stopping.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0007-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales\nScotland: David Kidston (Glasgow Acads), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish), DJ Macfarlan (London Scottish), WS Brown (Edinburgh Inst FP), Andrew Ramsay Don Wauchope (Fettesian-Lorettonians), A Walker (West of Scotland), T Ainslie (Edinburgh Inst FP), JB Brown (Glasgow Acads), John Jamieson (West of Scotland), DY Cassels (West of Scotland) capt., JG Mowat (Glasgow Acads), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads), D. Somerville (Edinburgh Inst FP), JG Walker (West of Scotland), William Andrew Walls (Glasgow Acads)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0008-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales\nWales: Charles Lewis (Llandovery College) capt., William Norton (Cardiff), Bill Evans (Rhymney), Charlie Newman (Newport), George Frederick Harding (Newport), John Arthur Jones (Cardiff), John Griffin (Edinburgh University), Thomas Judson (Llanelli), Frank Purdon (Swansea) Tom Clapp (Nantyglo), Bob Gould (Newport), Alfred Cattell (Llanelli), Thomas Baker Jones (Newport), George Morris (Swansea), Horace Lyne (Newport)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0009-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales\nThis was the very first time the home nations of Scotland and Wales had faced each other in a rugby union game. Wales lost this opening game, and it would take another six attempts for the Welsh to be victorious over the Scots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0010-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales\nWales turned up for the game one man short, so were forced to draft in Dr. A. Griffin of Edinburgh University as a replacement forward. The match also saw two Championship firsts; the first siblings to play in a Championship match AJ Walker and JG Walker, and also the first player to leave the field of play due to injury, when JG Walker twisted his knee in the first 15 minutes. This game also saw the last international match of the season for A.R. Don 'Bunny' Wauchope, when the talismanic Scot was incapacitated by a knee injury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0011-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nEngland: AS Taylor (Blackheath), CG Wade (Oxford University), Arthur Evanson (Oxford University), WN Bolton (Blackheath), HT Twynam (Richmond), JH Payne (Broughton), EJ Moore (Oxford University), CS Woolridge (Oxford University), BB Middleton (Birkenhead Park), Herbert Fuller (Cambridge University), Graham Standing (Blackheath), WM Tatham (Oxford University), RM Pattisson (Cambridge University), GT Thomson (Halifax), ET Gurdon (Richmond) capt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0012-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nIreland: JWR Morrow (Queen's College, Belfast), RE McLean (NIFC), RH Scovell (Dublin University), WW Fletcher (Kingstown), JP Warren (Kingstown), A Millar (Kingstown), SAM Bruce (NIFC), AJ Forrest (Wanderers), JW Taylor (NIFC), DF Moore (Wanderers), H King (Dublin University), JA McDonald (Methodist College, Belfast), RW Hughes (NIFC), FS Heuston (Kingstown), G Scriven (Dublin University) capt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0013-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nAlthough the first meeting in the Championship between the countries, this was the ninth time Ireland and England had faced each other in an international rugby union game; and the ninth failure by the Irish to beat England. Wade was again the standout player for the English. However, Ireland played most of the game with 14 men, after R.W. Hughes withdrew after suffering terrible sea-sickness on the notoriously rough voyage across the Irish Sea. For Ireland four players were 'one cap' internationals, Fletcher, Warren, Forrest and Millar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0014-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nIreland: JWR Morrow (Queen's College, Belfast), RE McLean (NIFC), WW Pike (Kingstown), AM Whitestone (Dublin University), SR Collier (Queen's College, Belfast), WA Wallis (Wanderers), SAM Bruce (NIFC), R Nelson (Queen's College, Belfast), JW Taylor (NIFC), DF Moore (Wanderers), H King (Dublin University), JA McDonald (Methodist College, Belfast), RW Hughes (NIFC), FS Heuston (Kingstown), G Scriven (Dublin University) capt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0015-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nScotland: JP Veitch (Royal HSFP), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish), MF Reid (Loretto), GR Aitchison (Edinburgh Wanderers), PW Smeaton (Edinburgh Acads. ), A Walker (West of Scotland), Thomas Ainslie (Edinburgh Inst FP), JB Brown (Glasgow Acads), John Jamieson (West of Scotland), DY Cassels (West of Scotland) capt., William Peterkin (Edinburgh Uni. ), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads), D. Somerville (Edinburgh Inst FP), D McCowan (West of Scotland), William Andrew Walls (Glasgow Acads)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0016-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nThe first meeting between the two countries in the Home Nations Championship was played on a heavily waterlogged pitch at North of Ireland's Ormeau Road. The Irish team suffered badly in the conditions and at one point were playing with just ten men due to injuries. Heavy Irish defending was the only reason the score line remained so close.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0017-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nScotland continued their practice of capping promising schoolboys with the inclusion of Marshall Reid, an 18-year-old form Loretto School.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0018-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nScotland: David Kidston (Glasgow Acads), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish), MF Reid (Loretto), WS Brown (Edinburgh Inst FP), PW Smeaton (Edinburgh Acads. ), A Walker (West of Scotland), T Ainslie (Edinburgh Inst FP), JB Brown (Glasgow Acads), John Jamieson (West of Scotland), DY Cassels (West of Scotland) capt., JG Mowat (Glasgow Acads), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads), D. Somerville (Edinburgh Inst FP), D McCowan (West of Scotland), William Andrew Walls (Glasgow Acads)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0019-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nEngland: HB Tristram (Oxford University), CG Wade (Oxford University), Arthur Evanson (Oxford University), WN Bolton (Blackheath), A Rotherham (Oxford University), JH Payne (Broughton), EJ Moore (Oxford University), CS Wooldridge (Oxford University), Robert Henderson (Blackheath), Herbert Fuller (Cambridge University), Charles Gurdon (Richmond), WM Tatham (Oxford University), RM Pattisson (Cambridge University), GT Thomson (Halifax), ET Gurdon (Richmond) capt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027209-0020-0000", "contents": "1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nWith both England and Scotland victorious in their first two matches, this encounter became the Championship decider. England used six backs, to Scotland's five, and the tactic was successful with a narrow English win. The scoring of one of the English tries was greeted with derision by sections of the Edinburgh crowd, which was deplored by the President of the SRU at the after-game dinner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027210-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Honduran presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Honduras between 9 and 11 November 1883. The result was a victory for Luis Bogr\u00e1n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027210-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Honduran presidential election, Background\nPresident Marco Aurelio Soto resigned from office on 10 March 1883. Although he claimed to be ill, it was considered likely that he was concerned by rumours that Guatemalan president Justo Rufino Barrios was supporting Soto's opponents. Although Soto's resignation was rejected, he was allowed to travel to the United States and Europe, and in May passed power to a Council of Ministers consisting of Bogr\u00e1n, Enrique Guti\u00e9rrez Lozano and Rafael Alvarado Manzano. He resigned from office again on 27 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027210-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Honduran presidential election, Background\nGuti\u00e9rrez was the favourite to succeed Soto, but died on 11 September during the election campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027211-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Inangahua by-election\nThe 1883 Inangahua by-election was a by-election held on 14 May 1883 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the West Coast electorate of Inangahua.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027211-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Inangahua by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Thomas S. Weston. The by-election was won by Edward Shaw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027211-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Inangahua by-election\nHe was opposed by Edward Wakefield, who opposed the Government. Wakefield got large majorities at Brunnerton and Black's Point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027212-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1883 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 29 November 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027212-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Invercargill mayoral election\nWilliam Sherriffs Moir was elected mayor. His opponents would go on to be the next two mayors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027213-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Iowa Senate election\nIn the 1883 Iowa State Senate elections Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the twentieth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 29 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027213-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 45 seats to Democrats' two seats, two Greenbackers, and one Independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027213-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 24 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027213-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1883 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 39 seats and Democrats having 11 seats (a net gain of 9 seats for Democrats).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027214-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1883 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on October 9, 1883. Incumbent Republican Buren R. Sherman defeated Democratic nominee L. G. Kinne with 50.15% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027215-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Ipswich by-election\nThe 1883 by-election for Ipswich was held when the sitting Conservative MP Thomas Clement Cobbold died. It was won by the Liberal candidate Henry Wyndham West. The unsuccessful conservative candidate was William Thomas Charley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027216-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1883 Kentucky Derby was the 9th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 23, 1883. An article in the Louisville Commercial about the 1883 Derby contained the first reference to the track as Churchill Downs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027217-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Kentucky gubernatorial election\nThe 1883 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on August 3, 1883. Democratic nominee J. Proctor Knott defeated Republican nominee Thomas Z. Morrow with 59.97% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027218-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Lafayette football team\nThe 1883 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1883 college football season. Playing without a regular coach, the team compiled a 2\u20134 record and was outscored by a total of 126 to 110. Theodore Welles was the team captain, and F. Drake was the manager. The team played its home games on The Quad in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027219-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Lewisburg football team\nThe 1883 Lewisburg football team represented the University at Lewisburg\u2014now known as Bucknell University\u2014during the 1883 college football season. The team lost its only game to Lafayette.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027220-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Liberian general election\nPresidential elections were held in Liberia in May 1883. Only one candidate, Hilary R. W. Johnson, contested the election, and was supported by both the True Whig Party and the Republican Party. Following the election, Johnson declared himself to be a True Whig. He took office on 7 January 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027221-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Thursday 1 November 1883. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027221-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Liverpool City Council election\nThis was the first local election since the passing of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act 1883 which \"criminalised attempts to bribe voters and standardised the amount that could be spent on election expenses\" and introduced election agents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027221-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections\nAt the meeting of the Council on 9 November 1883, the terms of office of eight alderman expired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027221-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections\nThe following eight were elected as Aldermen by the Council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 9 November 1892 for a term of six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027221-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 6, Castle Street, 13 November 1883\nCaused by the resignation of Councillor Samuel Smith MP (Liberal, Castle Street, elected 1 November 1882) which was reported to the Council on 5 December 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 90], "content_span": [91, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027221-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 12, Lime Street, 23 November 1883\nCaused by the election of Councillor Edward Grindley  (Conservative, Lime Street, elected 1 November 1881) as an aldermen by the Council (councillors and aldermen) on 9 November 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 89], "content_span": [90, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027221-0006-0000", "contents": "1883 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By-Election, 9 January 1884\nCaused by the death of Alderman Andrew Boyd on 20 December 1883. Subsequently, former Councillor David Radcliffe (Conservative, Rodney Street, elected 1 November 1880) , of Formby Hall Ainsdale, was elected as an alderman by the Council (Councillors and Aldermen) on 9 January 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 90], "content_span": [91, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027221-0007-0000", "contents": "1883 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 14, West Derby, 26 April 1884\nCaused by the death of Councillor Samuel Leigh Gregson (Conservative, West Derby, elected 1 November 1882)on 3 April 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027221-0008-0000", "contents": "1883 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 9, Great George, 21 May 1884\nCaused by the resignation of Councillor John Frederick Rogers (Party?, Great George, elected 1 November 1883).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 84], "content_span": [85, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027221-0009-0000", "contents": "1883 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 9, Great George, 2 September 1884\nCaused by the death of Councillor Benjamin Lewis (Liberal, Great George, elected 1 November 1882)  on 12 August 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 89], "content_span": [90, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027222-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Louisville Eclipse season\nThe 1883 Louisville Eclipse season was a season in American baseball. The team finished with a 52\u201345 record, fifth place in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027222-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027222-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027222-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027222-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027223-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Maltese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Malta between 8 and 11 October 1883. All but one of the elected Council members were members of the Anti-Reform Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027223-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Maltese general election, Background\nThe elections were held under the 1849 constitution, which provided for an 18-member Government Council, of which ten members would be appointed and eight elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027223-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Maltese general election, Results\nA total of 10,637 people were registered to vote, of which just 2,749 cast votes, giving a turnout of 26%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027224-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Manitoba general election\nThe 1883 Manitoba general election and was held on January 23, 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027225-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Maryland gubernatorial election\nThe 1883 Maryland gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027225-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Maryland gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor William Thomas Hamilton did not seek re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027225-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Maryland gubernatorial election\nDemocratic candidate Robert Milligan McLane defeated Republican candidate Hart B. Holton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027226-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1883 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1883 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 1\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027227-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1883 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027227-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nGovernor Benjamin Butler ran for re-election on a fusion ticket between the Democratic Party and the Greenback Labor Party but was defeated by Republican U.S. Representative George D. Robinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027227-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nIn the concurrent but separate election for Lieutenant Governor, Republican Oliver Ames was re-elected to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027228-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 104th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1883 during the governorship of Benjamin Butler. George Glover Crocker served as president of the Senate and George A. Marden served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027229-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Melbourne Cup\nThe 1883 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 6 November 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027229-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Melbourne Cup\nThis year was the 23rd running of the Melbourne Cup. The race was run by 5/1 favourite Martini-Henry who became the first New Zealand bred horse to win the race. He also the first and to date only Melbourne Cup winner to have a hyphen in its name. Martini-Henry won this race at just his second start and had won the VRC Derby at his first start three days earlier. Martini-Henry would go on to the VRC St Leger in the autumn before break down in the Caulfield Cup and being retired to stud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027229-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Melbourne Cup\nThis is the list of placegetters for the 1883 Melbourne Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027230-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Men's Tennis tour\nThe 1883 Men's tennis tour was the seventh annual tennis tour, consisting of 31 tournaments. The Wimbledon Championships was won by William Renshaw for the third consecutive year, while Richard Sears continued his dominance at the U.S. National Championships also winning a third successive title. Other big winners this season were Ernest Renshaw, picking up the Irish Championships, Herbert Wilberforce winning the Northern Lawn Tennis Championships in Manchester, and Herbert Lawford collecting his second and final title at the Princes Club Championships. The title leader this season was Charles Walder Grinstead winning 5 tournaments from 6 finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027230-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 1: Challenge Round: the final round of a tournament, in which the winner of a single-elimination phase faces the previous year's champion, who plays only that one match. The challenge round was used in the early history of tennis (from 1877 through 1921), in some tournaments not all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027230-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 2:Tournaments in italics were events that were staged only once that season", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027231-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1883 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1883 college football season. The Wolverines played their only home game at the Ann Arbor Fairgrounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027231-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Michigan Wolverines football team, Roster\nThe following is the roster of the 1883 team as listed in the University of Michigan yearbook, The Palladium, for 1884. Forwards", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 46], "content_span": [47, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027232-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1883 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota during the 1883 college football season. The season was the only season under head coach Thomas Peebles, the first coach in the history of the program. He came to the University to teach philosophy and since he had played football with distinction at Princeton University, he was recruited to coach the football team. He was described as \"having a twinkling eye, a moustache, winged collars and the bearing of a scholar so that even on the field of play he looked as though he were en route to the court of St. James.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027232-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nUpon arrival in Northfield, Minnesota for the first game of the year, there was a dispute between the arriving players from Minnesota and the team representing Carleton College. Carleton insisted that a member of the faculty be allowed to play, and they also insisted on playing rugby style football. Coach Peebles preferred the soccer style of play, but agreed to the conditions as long as he could act as the referee. Carleton won the game 4\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027232-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTeam of 1883: J.W. Adams (captain), Don Davidson, Mitchell, Blanding, Niles, Winchell, Graham, McNair, Bassett, Smith, Hammond, Crafts.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027233-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1883 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1883 to elect the governor of Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027234-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Mudgee colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Mudgee on 6 March 1883 because of the resignation of Adolphus Taylor after a heated argument with the member for Upper Hunter John McElhone in which McElhone challenged Taylor to resign and both would contest Taylor's seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027234-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Mudgee colonial by-election, Aftermath\nMcElhone was re-elected at the by-election for Upper Hunter which was conducted on the same day, with the Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate reporting that McElhone had been nominated without his authority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027235-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 NYU Violets football team\nThe 1883 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University in the 1883 college football season. The team played two games, the score for week one is unknown while the score for the game against Paterson was a 4\u20132 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027236-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1883 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy in the 1883 college football season. The team was the third intercollegiate football squad to represent the United States Naval Academy, and the first time the school participated in consecutive seasons. The squad was captained by member Frank Hill. The team played just a single game, a 2 to 0 (2\u20130) shutout loss to Johns Hopkins, which was the school's first ever loss. The squad was the first to have the approval of the academy's staff, and is regarded as the first official game played by the Midshipmen. The season continued a seven-season, eight game rivalry between the Naval Academy and Johns Hopkins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027236-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Navy Midshipmen football team, Prelude\nThe first intercollegiate football game was played on November 6, 1869, between the Rutgers Scarlet Knights, then known as the Rutgers Queensmen, and the New Jersey Tigers, now the Princeton Tigers. The game was a mixture of rugby and soccer, with teams scoring by kicking the ball into the opponent's net. The game slowly developed, with many new and safer rules being added during the early 1870s. The number of schools participating in the sport also grew. However, even with the expansion, Princeton dominated the game, being declared the champion eight times in ten years. Yale was the only team which came close to Princeton, being awarded four championship designations during the same period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027236-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Navy Midshipmen football team, Prelude\nThe Naval Academy's first ever football team was fielded in 1879. The squad was entirely student-operated, receiving no official support from Naval Academy officials. The team was entirely funded by its members and their fellow students. The 1879 team participated in just one game, which resulted in a scoreless tie. It was played against the Baltimore Athletic Club, at most likely an unused drill field on the Naval Academy campus. Navy would not field a football team in 1880 or 1881, likely due to the lack of support. When football returned to the academy in 1882, the squad was led by player-coach Vaulx Carter, and won 8\u20130 in a match with Johns Hopkins, starting the seven-year rivalry between the schools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027236-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary, Johns Hopkins 2, Navy 0\nThe Naval Academy team played its only game of the 1883 season against a squad from Johns Hopkins University. It was captained by Frank Hill, and was the first squad to receive approval from Naval Academy faculty. Previously, the squad was operated entirely by students. The game was played at the Naval Academy on November 29, 1883, Thanksgiving Day, most likely on an unused drill field or parade field. The game \"began in heat and discussion\", with the \"skillful and light weight\" Johns Hopkins controlling the \"endurance and muscle\" of the Naval Academy's team. However, tensions in the game quickly escalated. During the middle of the game, \"matters grew so hot\" that Johns Hopkins players were preparing to stop playing. Johns Hopkins scored two single-point safeties and shutout Navy, winning 2\u20130. The game \"ended in quarrel and wrangle\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 921]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027236-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath\nThe first postseason college football game would not be played until 1902, with the Pasadena Tournament of Roses' establishment of the east\u2013west tournament game, later known as the Rose Bowl. The Midshipmen would not participate in their first Rose Bowl until the 1923 season, when they went 5\u20131\u20132 and tied with the Washington Huskies 14\u201314 in the match. As a result of the lack of a competition, there were no postseason games played after the 1882 season. According to statistics compiled by the National Championship Foundation, Parke Davis, the Helms Athletic Foundation, and the Billingsley college football research center, Yale was declared the 1883 season champion, giving them their ninth championship overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027236-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath\nThe Midshipmen's loss was the first in school history, and ended the team's shutout streak at two seasons. The Naval Academy would not get another shutout until the 1886 season, when they defeated Johns Hopkins 6\u20130. The 1883 season continued a seven-season, eight-game long rivalry with Johns Hopkins, which Navy would win, five games to four. The 1883 game was the first win for Johns Hopkins, which had officially started playing football in 1881. 1883 is considered to be the first season played by the Naval Academy, according to the school athletic department. Navy would finish the 1880s with four winning seasons, and an overall record of 14\u201312\u20132. The school would outscore their opponents 292\u2013231, and would finish the 19th century with an overall record of 54\u201319\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 835]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027237-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 New Jersey gubernatorial election\nThe 1883 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1883. Democratic nominee Leon Abbett defeated Republican nominee Jonathan Dixon with 49.93% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027238-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 New York Gothams season\nThe 1883 New York Gothams season was the franchise's first season. The team replaced the Troy Trojans when the National League awarded its franchise rights to John B. Day. The team went 46\u201350, finishing in sixth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027238-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 New York Gothams season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027238-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 New York Gothams season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027238-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 New York Gothams season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027239-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 New York Metropolitans season\nThe 1883 New York Metropolitans finished with a 54\u201342 record, fourth place in the American Association. This was the first season in the Association for the Metropolitans, who had previously played as an independent team from 1880\u20131882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027239-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027239-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027239-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027240-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 New York state election\nThe 1883 New York state election was held on November 6, 1883, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer and the State Engineer, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate. Besides, a constitutional amendment to abolish contract labor from the state prisons was proposed and accepted with 498,402 votes for and 269,377 against.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027240-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 New York state election, History\nThe Greenback-Labor state convention met on September 5, and nominated Thomas K. Beecher for Secretary of State, Louis A. Post for Attorney General, Gaius L. Halsey for Comptroller, Jurian Winne for Treasurer and Edwin A. Stillman for State Engineer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027240-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on September 19 at Richfield Springs, New York. Elbridge G. Lapham was Temporary Chairman until the choice of Warner Miller as President. The incumbents, Secretary of State Joseph B. Carr, Comptroller Ira Davenport, State Engineer Silas Seymour and Attorney General Leslie W. Russell, were re-nominated by acclamation. Pliny T. Sexton was nominated for Treasurer on the first ballot (vote: Sexton 260, Ethan Allen 215).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027240-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 New York state election, History\nThe Prohibition state convention met on September 26 at Syracuse, New York, and nominated Frederick Gates for Secretary of State, Stephen Merritt for Comptroller, James Baldwin for Treasurer, George A. Dudley for State Engineer and Virgil A. Willard for Attorney General.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027240-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on September 27 at Buffalo, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027240-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 New York state election, Results\nThe incumbents Carr and Maxwell were re-elected. The incumbents Davenport, Russell and Seymour were defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027241-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Newtown colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Newtown on 13 January 1883. The election was triggered by the appointment of Henry Copeland as Secretary for Public Works in the Stuart ministry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027241-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Newtown colonial by-election\nGeorge Reid comfortably retained his seat at the East Sydney by-election held the week before, while the six other ministers, Alexander Stuart (Illawarra), George Dibbs (St Leonards), Henry Cohen (West Maitland), James Farnell (New England), Francis Wright (Redfern) and Joseph Abbott (Gunnedah), were re-elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027241-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Newtown colonial by-election, Aftermath\nThe next by-election was held the following week for East Sydney and Henry Copeland was comfortably elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027242-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1883 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 9, 1883. Democratic nominee George Hoadly defeated Republican nominee Joseph B. Foraker with 49.87% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027243-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Ontario general election\nThe 1883 Ontario general election was the fifth general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada, to elect the 88 Members of the 5th Legislative Assembly of Ontario (\"MLAs\"). Held on February 27, 1883, the fifth Ontario provincial election was the only one ever contested in the month of February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027243-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Liberal Party, led by Oliver Mowat, won a fourth consecutive term in government, despite losing nine seats in the Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027243-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Conservative Party, led by William Ralph Meredith, won eight additional seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027244-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Open Championship\nThe 1883 Open Championship was the 23rd Open Championship, held 16 November at the Musselburgh Links, Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland. Willie Fernie and Bob Ferguson were tied on 158 each. They had a 36-hole playoff on 17 November, Fernie winning by a single stroke from Ferguson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027244-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Open Championship\nThe weather was dull with light winds. Play did not begin until about 11:30 and with an early sunset the final groups played their last few holes in near darkness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027244-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Open Championship\nFernie led at lunch with rounds of 38 and 37. His total of 75 was two ahead of Willie Park Jr. and three ahead of Ferguson, the defending champion who had had rounds of 38 and 40.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027244-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Open Championship\nFernie continued playing well although he took eight at the 3rd hole of his third round. Disaster came at the 2nd hole of the final round where he took 10. Despite this he had rounds of 40 and 43 and a total of 158. Park dropped out of contention in the afternoon and finished on 165. Interest now switched to Ferguson who was playing in the second to last group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027244-0003-0001", "contents": "1883 Open Championship\nHis third round 42 seemed to put him out of the running but, playing in near darkness, he had a good last round of 38 to finish on 158 and tie with Fernie. Willie Brown was the best scorer in the afternoon with two rounds in the thirties but he finished on 160, two behind the leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027244-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Open Championship\nThe playoff on the following day was close throughout. Light rain fell during the first and last rounds but, despite this, there was a large crowd to watch the play. Ferguson got off to the better start and was soon two strokes up. Ferguson dropped two strokes at the 8th but Fernie took four at the last to drop a shot behind again. In the second round Ferguson again dropped two strokes on the 8th to level the scores again and dropping another at the last was now behind for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027244-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 Open Championship\nWhen play resumed after lunch, the first three holes were halved before Ferguson levelled the match again at the short 4th. Fernie dropped another shot at the short 7th so Ferguson took the lead again. In the last round, Fernie again took the lead but by the time they reached the 8th tee the scores were level. Both players were on the green in two but Fernie three-putted and Ferguson took the lead to the last hole. Ferguson had the honour and hit his tee shot left of the hole while Fernie put his to four yards. Ferguson's first putt was short and then Fernie holed his putt for a two. \"Quietness having been restored\" Ferguson missed his putt and took four to give Fernie the Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027245-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Peninsula by-election\nThe 1883 Peninsula by-election was a by-election held on 22 January 1883 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the Otago electorate of Peninsula.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027245-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Peninsula by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent MP James Seaton on 10 November 1882. The by-election was won by William Larnach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027245-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Peninsula by-election\nHe was opposed by Bishop Moran and Michael Donnelly. One sub-headline on the result of the election was \"Bishop defeated\". Another report expected a \"close run\" between Larnarch and Donnelly, but the Bishop came second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027246-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1883 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1883 college football season. They finished with a 6\u20132\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027247-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1883 Philadelphia Athletics finished with a 66\u201332 record and won the championship of the  American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027247-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027247-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027247-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027247-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027248-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Philadelphia Quakers season\nThe 1883 Philadelphia Quakers season was the first in the franchise's existence. The team was founded earlier in the year as a replacement for the Worcester franchise. It was the first year Philadelphia was represented in the National League since the original Athletics were disbanded in 1876. The American Association's Philadelphia Athletics had been founded a year earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027248-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Philadelphia Quakers season\nThe team opened the year managed by Bob Ferguson; however, he was fired as manager after a disappointing 4\u201313 start and replaced by Blondie Purcell. The team finished the season 17\u201381, worst in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027248-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027248-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027248-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027248-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027249-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season\nThe 1883 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season was the 2nd season of the Pittsburgh Alleghenys franchise. The Alleghenys finished seventh in the American Association with a record of 31\u201367.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027250-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1883 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1883 college football season. The team finished with a 7\u20131 record and outscored opponents 238 to 26, using the new scoring rules introduced by Walter Camp. The Tigers won their first seven games before losing the final game of the season to Yale in New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027250-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Princeton Tigers football team\nAlex Moffat was the team's captain and star player. Moffat played at the halfback position and developed a reputation as \"probably the greatest kicker ever seen on a football field.\" Football historian David M. Nelson credits Moffat with revolutionizing the kicking game in 1883 by developing the \"spiral punt,\" described by Nelson as \"a dramatic change from the traditional end-over-end kicks.\" Moffat has also been credited with inventing the drop kick, and kicked equally well with either foot. In 1883, Moffat kicked 32 goals in 15 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027250-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries\nOn Wednesday, October 17, Princeton defeated Rutgers at New Brunswick, New Jersey. Princeton totaled two goals and three touchdowns, all scored in the second half. Rutgers was held to three safe touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027250-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries\nOn Monday, October 22, Princeton defeated Lafayette by a 53\u20136 score in a game played in Princeton. Princeton totaled five goals from field, four goals from touchdowns, and one touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027250-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries\nOn Wednesday, October 24, Princeton defeated Stevens Institute by a 14\u20130 score at the St. George's Cricket Club in New York. Princeton scored two goals and two touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027250-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries\nOn October 27, Princeton defeated Rutgers by a 61\u20130 score in a game played in Princeton. Princeton totaled eight goals and three touchdowns to nine safeties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027250-0006-0000", "contents": "1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 3, Princeton defeated Pennsylvania in a game played in Princeton by a score of 41\u20136. Princeton scored on four goals from touchdowns, two goals from field, and two touchdowns. Penn scored on one goal and three safeties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027250-0007-0000", "contents": "1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 6, Princeton defeated Wesleyan by a 24\u20130 score at the Polo Grounds in New York. The game was played \"under the new American college rules\", while Yale played a game against Rutgers on the same day under the \"old Rugby rules\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027250-0008-0000", "contents": "1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 17, Princeton defeated Harvard by a 26\u20137 score at the Princeton football grounds. Princeton scored five goals and one touchdown and held Harvard to one goal and one touchdown. Moffat made all five goals, two drop kicks with his right foot, two drop kicks with his left foot, and one from placement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027250-0009-0000", "contents": "1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 24, Princeton lost the final game of the season to Yale. The game was played at the Polo Grounds in New York. Yale scored one goal (worth six points) and held Princeton scoreless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027251-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Providence Grays season\nThe Providence Grays finished the 1883 season in third place after a hard-fought four-way battle for the National League pennant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027251-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027251-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027251-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027252-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Queensland colonial election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Queensland between 10 August 1883 and 30 October 1883 to elect the members of the state's Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027252-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Queensland colonial election, Key dates\nDue to problems of distance and communications, it was not possible to hold the elections on a single day. The elections were held in seven sets:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027253-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1883 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 4, 1883. Republican nominee Augustus O. Bourn defeated Democratic nominee William Sprague IV with 54.48% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027254-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Rochester tornado\nOn August\u00a021, 1883, a devastating tornado affected southeastern portions\u2014the Driftless Area\u2014of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The massive tornado, retrospectively estimated to have been an F5 on the modern Fujita scale, caused at least 37 deaths and over 200 injuries. The tornado was part of a tornado family, a series of tornadoes produced by a supercell, that included at least two significant tornadoes across Southeast Minnesota on August\u00a021. A third significant tornado occurred two hours before the main event hit Rochester.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027254-0000-0001", "contents": "1883 Rochester tornado\nThe Rochester tornado indirectly led to the formation of Saint Mary's Hospital, now part of the Mayo Clinic. The tornado closely followed destructive tornadoes a month earlier in the same area: on July\u00a021, two significant, deadly tornadoes hit the area, including an F4 tornado family that killed four people in Dodge and Olmsted Counties, especially near Dodge Center.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027254-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Rochester tornado, Meteorological synopsis\nOn the morning of August\u00a021, a mid-latitude, deepening low-pressure center moved east-northeastward toward Minnesota, crossing the state during the afternoon and evening. The following morning, the cyclone had already deepened to at most 29.42\u00a0inHg (996\u00a0mb), suggesting a robust system on the preceding day. At the time, surface weather data from the Upper Mississippi Valley were sparse, but nearby observations in the afternoon indicated high temperatures in the middle 80s to low 90s \u00b0F. Eyewitnesses reported very humid conditions, indicating ample moisture for thunderstorms to develop. As author Joseph Leonard mentioned in the History of Olmsted County, Minnesota,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 47], "content_span": [48, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027254-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Rochester tornado, Meteorological synopsis\nAt Rochester the day had been hot with a strong southeast wind, the air was smoky and oppressive, the heavens were overcast with clouds of a dull leaden line, and there were, apparently, three strata, all moving in different directions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 47], "content_span": [48, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027254-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Rochester tornado, Meteorological synopsis\nAlthough meteorology in 1883 was primitive compared with modern science, Leonard's observations and other weather reports reveal quite a bit about the atmospheric conditions in Southeastern Minnesota on August 21. High temperatures, sufficient humidity, strong surface winds, and vertical wind shear appear to have all been present\u2014all of which are key factors in the development of tornadoes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 47], "content_span": [48, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027254-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Rochester tornado, Storm development and track\nBy 4:00\u00a0p.m. CDT (21:00\u00a0UTC), light rain began falling over the area, and at 4:30\u00a0p.m. CDT (21:30\u00a0UTC), a thunderstorm spawned an F3 tornado about 10\u00a0mi (16\u00a0km) south of Rochester, near Pleasant Grove. The tornado killed two\u00a0people, injured ten\u00a0others, and damaged at least four\u00a0farmsteads, one\u00a0of which it destroyed. After the passage of the storm, conditions briefly improved. At about 6:00\u00a0p.m. CDT (23:00\u00a0UTC), residents of Rochester noticed a \"low bank of cloud\"\u2014a thunderstorm\u2014southwest of the city. Few residents were alarmed, but the storm rapidly grew in size and intensity as time passed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 51], "content_span": [52, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027254-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 Rochester tornado, Storm development and track\nThe Rochester tornado first touched down at about 6:30\u00a0p.m. CDT (23:30\u00a0UTC), approximately 4\u00a0mi (6.4\u00a0km) northwest of Hayfield in Dodge County. The tornado damaged farmsteads in Westfield, Hayfield, Ashland, Vernon, and Canisteo townships. In all, the tornado passed through 40\u00a0farms across Dodge County, at least 10\u00a0of which it razed, killing five\u00a0or more people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 51], "content_span": [52, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027254-0006-0000", "contents": "1883 Rochester tornado, Storm development and track\nAs it entered Olmsted County, the tornado obliterated farmhouses, outbuildings, and machinery in Salem Township, causing one\u00a0death. The tornado continued to destroy structures on farms in Kalmar, Cascade, and Rochester townships before entering the city of Rochester itself. Heavy rainfall preceded the tornado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 51], "content_span": [52, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027254-0007-0000", "contents": "1883 Rochester tornado, Storm development and track\nJust after 7:00\u00a0p.m. CDT (00:00\u00a0UTC), skies in Rochester assumed a greenish tint, and a rumbling sound became audible. The \"roar\" of the tornado gave many residents advance warning. \"Dense darkness\" enveloped the city as the tornado struck. In just five minutes, the tornado passed through the north side of Rochester, causing devastating damage. The northern third of Rochester was devastated, with 135 homes destroyed and 200 damaged. The tornado also caused extensive damage to a 1-mile-wide (1.6\u00a0km) swath that extended 10\u00a0mi (16\u00a0km) eastward from Rochester.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 51], "content_span": [52, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027254-0008-0000", "contents": "1883 Rochester tornado, Storm development and track\nAt 9:30\u00a0p.m. CDT (02:00\u00a0UTC), a final tornado, posthumously rated F3, killed one\u00a0person and injured 19\u00a0others near St. Charles and Lewiston in Winona County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 51], "content_span": [52, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027254-0009-0000", "contents": "1883 Rochester tornado, Impact, aftermath, and recovery\nThe city of Rochester did not have a place to treat the injured from this tornado, as all but three\u00a0of Minnesota's hospitals were located in Minneapolis\u2013Saint Paul at that time, and none of the remainder was sited near Rochester. Following the tornado, a dance hall in Rochester, Rommel Hall, served as a makeshift emergency room. Local doctor William Mayo and his two\u00a0sons, William and Charles, assumed responsibility for the patients' wellbeing; Mother Mary Alfred Moes of the Sisters of St. Francis also assisted. Subsequently, the Mayo family and the Sisters of St. Francis collaborated to establish St. Mary's Hospital, which ultimately yielded the Mayo Clinic and later the Tornado Guild, the latter of which was dedicated to tornado preparedness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 55], "content_span": [56, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027255-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1883 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1883 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 1\u20136 record and were outscored by their opponents, 255 to 54. The team had no coach, and its captain was Charles Pattison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027256-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 SAFA season\nThe 1883 South Australian Football Association season was the 7th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027256-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 SAFA season\nThe Victorian Football Club renamed itself North Adelaide at the beginning of the season but has no connection to the modern day North Adelaide Roosters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027256-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 SAFA season, Ladder\nNote: South Park were ranked above South Adelaide on head-to-head record (2-1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027257-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1883 Scottish Cup Final was the 10th final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1882\u201383 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The original match - which ended in a 2\u20132 draw - was played at Hampden Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 31 March 1883 and was watched by a crowd of 15,000 spectators. For the first time in the competition's history, the final was contested by two teams from outside Glasgow - Dumbarton, who had never won the cup before, and three-time winners Vale of Leven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027257-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Scottish Cup Final\nThe replay took place at the same venue on 7 April 1883 in front of 8,000 spectators. Dumbarton won the competition for the first - and so far only - time after they beat Vale of Leven 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027257-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Scottish Cup Final\nThis was the last Scottish Cup final to be held at the first Hampden Park before it was demolished by the Caledonian Railway to make way for the Cathcart District Railway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027257-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nVale of Leven had reached the final on three previous occasions, winning the trophy for three consecutive seasons between 1877 and 1879. Only Queen's Park (six) had played in more finals than Vale of Leven before 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027257-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nDumbarton became the third different team to reach the final on three consecutive occasions after Queen's Park and Vale of Leven. Both their previous appearances in the final had ended in defeat after a replay to Queen's Park in 1881 and 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027257-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nAs the earlier rounds of the Scottish Cup were regionalised at the time, Dunbartonshire clubs Dumbarton and Vale of Leven had previously met five times in the competition. Vale of Leven had gone on to win the Scottish Cup after their first two meetings in 1877\u201378 and 1878\u201379 but Dumbarton had won each of the subsequent three ties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027258-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Selwyn by-election\nThe 1883 Selwyn by-election was a by-election held on 6 April 1883 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of Selwyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027258-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Selwyn by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP John Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027258-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Selwyn by-election\nA government supporter, he was opposed by the Hon. Edward Richardson and John McLachlan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027259-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Southern Rugby Union season\nThe 1883 Southern Rugby Union season was the 10th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. Twelve clubs competed from May till August 1883. The season culminated in the Premiership, which was won by Redfern. This was the first premiership in which the winner was awarded the Gardiner Cup. Redfern were crowned Premiers at a committee meeting of the Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027259-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Teams\nBy the beginning of the season, the Southern Rugby Football Union had 37 clubs signed up as part of the Union. Out of these, 24 resided within the Sydney area with 6 representing a school or college. This left 18 clubs based within Sydney, independent of any school. Some of these clubs were considered to be \"Senior\" Clubs with the others called \"Junior\" Clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027259-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Teams\nIt is not clear whether all clubs were eligible for the Premiership or a select group were. According to the Sydney Club Rugby discussion board on the Green and Gold Rugby website, 12 clubs competed for the Premiership. However, in the Australian Town and Country Journal, they state that these were only the principal clubs. This indicates that more clubs were considered when deciding upon the Premier Club. The Paddington Club was included in the list in the Australian Town and Country Journal, but was not included as a member club of the Union. They may have signed on at a later date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027259-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Rule Changes\nThe rules were changed at the beginning of the season determining who was the victor in a match. Previously, games were decided by the number of goals scored irrespective of tries scored. The new system involved awarding points to tries and goals with the winner of the match being the team with the greatest number of points. As a result of this change, it was noticed that game tactics had changed with players working towards tries rather than goals. Some lamented this and suggested that the system be improved to encourage more kicking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027259-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Season Summary\nThe 1883 SRFU Sydney Rugby Premiership was the first season to award the Premiers with the Gardiner Cup. This was a trophy sponsored by Mr W Gardiner for a football competition known as a 'challenge cup'. Unfortunately, the Union found it difficult to organise such a competition due to the lack of suitable playing fields and the disorganisation of club engagements. One of the biggest problems with matches was the encroachment of spectators onto the playing field. This would result in games being suspended. Police intervention was sought after to ensure games could continue uninterrupted. At the beginning of the season, the Union was able to arrange for a section of the grounds at Moore Park in the control of the Agricultural Society of NSW to be used for football matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 831]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027259-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Season Summary\nThe organisation for the Gardiner Cup was still unsettled by 14 June. At a meeting of the Southern Rugby Football Union, a suggestion was made to award the Cup to the Premiers of the season, as decided by the committee of the Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027259-0006-0000", "contents": "1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Season Summary\nPremiers for 1883 were the Redfern Football Club. The first fifteen were undefeated for the season with only 11 points scored against them. Matches included games played against Junior teams. Their second game against Sydney University resulted in their opponents unable to form a team to play against them. President of the club was the Hon. Edmund Barton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027259-0007-0000", "contents": "1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Season Summary\nAt the time, the Premiership was decided by a committee of the Union. It was not clear how the Union decided upon the Premier club. When the season had concluded, it was suggested that the relative positions of the clubs should not be left up to the allotment of the Union. It was suggested that a set of rules be arranged at the beginning of the season to determine the champion and what was needed to obtain the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027259-0008-0000", "contents": "1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nAfter the success of the previous season's games, a New South Wales team was sent to Brisbane to compete against a Queensland team in two intercolonial matches. This was the first time that a representative team had been sent by the Southern Rugby Football Union. The first match saw a thrilling game with Queensland snatching the win 12 points to 11. Pratten ran the entire length of the field to score the winning try. At the conclusion of the game, the enthusiastic Queensland crowd carried Pratten from the field. The second match saw New South Wales win the game 13 points to nil surprising the Queensland crowd. The NSW forwards displayed superior power with the team showing superb passing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027260-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 St. Louis Browns season\nThe St. Louis Browns 1883 season was the team's second season in St. Louis, Missouri and its second season in the American Association. The Browns went 65\u201333 during the season and finished second in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027260-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nPos=Position, G=Games played, AB=At bats, R=Runs scored, H=Hits, 2B=Doubles, 3B=Triples, Avg=Batting average, HR=Home runs, RBI=Runs batted in, BB=Base on balls, Slg=Slugging percentage", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027260-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nG=Games played, AB=At bats, R=Runs scored, H=Hits, 2B=Doubles, 3B=Triples, Avg.=Batting average, HR=Home runs, RBI=Runs batted in, BB=Base on balls, Slg=Slugging percentage", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027261-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Tehachapi train wreck\nThe Tehachapi train wreck occurred on January 20, 1883, near Tehachapi, California, when a runaway train rolled down a slope into a curve and derailed. The accident resulted in the deaths of 15 people, including former Wisconsin congressman Charles H. Larrabee and Maria Guirado, the wife of the former California Governor John G. Downey. Governor Downey was also injured in the wreck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027261-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Tehachapi train wreck, Incident\nOn January 20, 1883, a 4-8-0 steam locomotive had just climbed a steep peak in Tehachapi, California. However, when the train was left unattended, it became a runaway and derailed along the same track that it had previously climbed. Both sleeper cars, an express car, and the mail and baggage coaches derailed and ignited a fire. Fifteen were killed. Investigation into the incident revealed that two strangers had boarded the train. It is believed that these two men were robbers that had lost control of the train and would also die in the disaster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 36], "content_span": [37, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027262-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Transvaal presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Transvaal on 16 April 1883. The election was held after the country's triumvarate leadership, consisting of Paul Kruger, Piet Joubert and Marthinus Wessel Pretorius, was abolished. The result was a victory for Kruger, who was sworn in on 9 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027263-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nThe 1883 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, United States. The tournament ran from 21 August until 24 August. It was the 3rd staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027263-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Doubles\nRichard D. Sears /  James Dwight def. Arthur Newbold /  Alexander Van Rensselaer 6\u20130, 6\u20132, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027264-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Doubles\nDwight and Sears won the title by defeating Newbold and Van Rensselaer in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027265-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Singles\nRichard Sears won his third singles title in defeating James Dwight in the final 6\u20132, 6\u20130, 9\u20137 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1883 U.S. National Championships. Except for the final, each match was played on the best of three sets. Winner of a set was the player who won six games first, no two-games advantage was required. The participation was restricted to players who competed for US clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027266-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 United States House of Representatives elections\nThere were several special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1883 during the 47th and 48th Congresses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027267-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nThe 1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held in January 1883. Incumbent Republican Senator George Frisbie Hoar was re-elected to a second term in office despite a serious challenge from Democrats and members of his own party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027267-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nAt the time, Massachusetts elected United States Senators by a resolution of the Massachusetts General Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027267-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, State legislature\nAt the time, the Massachusetts legislature was controlled by the Republican Party, as it had been since that party's founding. However, 1883 was the high point of the Massachusetts Democratic Party in the latter half of the 19th century. The upcoming Senate election was a dominant issue in the 1882 legislature elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 82], "content_span": [83, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027267-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, State legislature\nThe Senate was composed of 22 Republicans and 18 Democrats, and the House had 151 Republicans, 84 Democrats, and 5 independents. Unless the Republicans could emerge unanimously in favor of one candidate, it was possible for the Democratic Party to choose the winner from among the Republican candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 82], "content_span": [83, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027267-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, Anti-Hoar sentiment\nIncumbent George F. Hoar, who was elected in 1877 after a protracted four-day struggle, faced strong opposition from within the Republican Party. The anti-Hoar faction cited his icy and aloof demeanor, which had allegedly cost him any chance at influence in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 84], "content_span": [85, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027267-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, Anti-Hoar sentiment\nHarvard President Charles William Eliot was among those who called for Hoar's defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 84], "content_span": [85, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027267-0006-0000", "contents": "1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, Anti-Hoar sentiment\nNewly-elected Democratic Governor Benjamin F. Butler, a former Republican, was also a bitter rival of Hoar, decreasing the chances that he could rely on Democratic votes. The Democratic party, now at its apex, also may have looked to defeat Hoar to weaken the unity of the Republicans in the long term. However, Governor Butler's inaugural address may have inflamed partisan tensions, leading many Republicans to return to Hoar's side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 84], "content_span": [85, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027267-0007-0000", "contents": "1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, Edmunds speech\nBefore the election, Hoar made a speech in which he excoriated his Republican Senate colleague George F. Edmunds for missing a minor vote; Edmunds had been at the deathbed of his teenage daughter and just returned from her funeral. Edmunds rose in response and choking back tears said, \"The Senator knows I was not present at the session.\" Hoar attempted to apologize, but his speech was widely criticized in the Democratic press.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027267-0008-0000", "contents": "1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Candidates, Declared\nThe chief names offered by anti-Hoar faction were William W. Crapo and outgoing Governor John Davis Long, a candidate more friendly to the Butler Democrats and the younger \"progressive\" element in the Republican Party, including Henry Cabot Lodge and Oliver Ames. Any candidate faced the difficult task of uniting the disparate elements of the anti-Hoar faction, which included Democrats, Butler Republicans, and anti-reform Stalwarts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027267-0009-0000", "contents": "1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Candidates, Potential\nThe following candidates were mentioned as potential candidates or received votes, but did not openly declare their willingness or desire to be elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 74], "content_span": [75, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027267-0010-0000", "contents": "1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, Republican conference (January 10)\nThere was some effort made by Long supporters to call for a binding caucus of the Republican legislators, but this effort was defeated at an informal conference. Speeches at the conference expressed favor for Senator Hoar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 97], "content_span": [98, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027267-0011-0000", "contents": "1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, January 16\nOn the fifth ballot, Democrats abandoned Bowerman in favor of Long, giving him victory in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027267-0012-0000", "contents": "1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, January 16\nIn the House, a single ballot was taken, showing Hoar with a lead but 11 votes short of a majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027267-0013-0000", "contents": "1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, January 17\nOn the second day, the two houses met in a joint convention. No candidates achieved a majority, but Hoar and Long each gained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027267-0014-0000", "contents": "1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, January 17\nAfter the second ballot, a motion for a third ballot was defeated by the Hoar faction 128\u2013119. The Long supporters claimed that a third ballot would have given their man the victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027268-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Upper Hunter colonial by-election\nThe 1883 Upper Hunter colonial by-election was held on 6 March 1883 for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Upper Hunter because of the resignation of John McElhone after a heated argument with the member for Mudgee Adolphus Taylor in which McElhone challenged Taylor to resign and both would contest Taylor's seat. The Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate reported that despite McElhone saying he would not stand for Upper Hunter, he had been nominated without his authority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027268-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Upper Hunter colonial by-election, Results\nJohn McElhone was defeated at the by-election for Mudgee which was conducted on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027269-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 VFA season\nThe 1883 Victorian Football Association season was the seventh season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club. It was the club's fifth VFA premiership in just six seasons, and was the second in a sequence of three consecutive premierships won from 1882 to 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027269-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 VFA season, Association membership\nAs the East Melbourne Football Club folded in August 1882, the senior metropolitan membership of the Association (including Geelong) was reduced from seven to six clubs in 1883: Carlton, Essendon, Geelong, Hotham, Melbourne and South Melbourne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027269-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 VFA season, Association membership\nAt this time, three other provincial senior clubs were full Association members represented on the Board of Management, for a total membership of nine: Ballarat, Albion Imperial and Horsham Unions. Due to distance, these clubs played too few matches against the rest of the VFA to be considered relevant in the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027269-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 VFA season, 1883 VFA premiership\nThe 1883 premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club. Geelong won fifteen and drew three of its twenty-one matches for the season. It was named premiers ahead of runners-up South Melbourne, whose record of eighteen wins and three draws from twenty-five matches was almost equally meritorious. Carlton finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027269-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 VFA season, 1883 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe below table details the playing records of the six clubs in all matches during the 1883 season. Two sets of results are given:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027269-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 VFA season, 1883 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Sportsman newspaper. The VFA had no formal process by which the clubs were ranked, so the below order should be considered indicative only, particularly since the fixturing of matches was not standardised; however, the top three placings were later acknowledged in publications including the Football Record and are considered official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027270-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Welsh Cup Final\nThe 1883 Welsh Cup Final, was the 6th in the competition. It was contested by Wrexham and Druids at The Racecourse, Wrexham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027271-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Wimbledon Championship\nThe 1883 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 7 July until 16 July. It was the 7th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1883. William Renshaw won for the third year running, and so won the original Field championship cup outright. The players changed ends at the end of each set, or (if the umpire so ruled) at the end of each game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027271-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 Wimbledon Championship, Gentlemen's singles, Final\nWilliam Renshaw defeated  Ernest Renshaw, 2\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027272-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Wimbledon Championship \u2013 Singles\nErnest Renshaw defeated Donald Stewart 0\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20130, 6\u20132 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champion William Renshaw defeated Ernest Renshaw 2\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 6\u20133 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1883 Wimbledon Championships. The challenge round was watched by 2500 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027273-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1883 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1883 college football season. The team compiled a 9\u20130 record, shut out eight of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents, 540 to 2. The team was retroactively named as the national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation, Billingsley Report, National Championship Foundation and Parke H. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027274-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 college football season\nThe 1883 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Yale as having been selected national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa\nThe 1883 eruption of Krakatoa (Indonesian: Letusan Krakatau 1883) in the Sunda Strait began on 20 May 1883 and peaked on the late morning of Monday, 27 August 1883, when over 70% of the island of Krakatoa and its surrounding archipelago were destroyed as it collapsed into a caldera.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa\nThe eruption was one of the deadliest and most destructive volcanic events in recorded history and explosions were so violent that they were heard 3,110 kilometres (1,930\u00a0mi) away in Perth, Western Australia, and Rodrigues near Mauritius, 4,800 kilometres (3,000\u00a0mi) away. The sound was claimed to be heard in 50 different locations around the world and the sound wave is recorded to have travelled the globe seven times over. At least 36,417 deaths are attributed to the eruption and the tsunamis it created.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa\nSignificant additional effects were also felt around the world in the days and weeks after the volcano's eruption. Additional seismic activity continued until February 1884; reports of seismic activity after October 1883 were later dismissed by Rogier Verbeek's investigation into the eruption.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Early phase\nIn the years before the 1883 eruption, seismic activity around the Krakatoa volcano was intense, with earthquakes felt as far away as Australia. Beginning on 19 May 1883, steam venting began to occur regularly from Perboewatan, the northernmost of the island's three cones. Eruptions of ash reached an estimated altitude of 6\u00a0km (20,000\u00a0ft) and explosions could be heard in New Batavia (Jakarta) 160\u00a0km (99\u00a0mi) away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Early phase\nEruptions at Krakatoa started again around 16 June, with loud explosions of a thick black cloud covering the islands for five days. On 24 June, a prevailing east wind cleared the cloud, and two ash columns could be seen issuing from Krakatoa. The seat of the eruption is believed to have been a new vent or vents that formed between Perboewatan and Danan. The violence of the ongoing eruptions caused tides in the vicinity to be unusually high, and ships at anchor had to be moored with chains. Earthquakes were felt at Anyer, Banten, and ships began to report large pumice masses to the west in the Indian Ocean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0005-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Early phase\nIn early August, a Dutch topographical engineer, Captain H. J. G. Ferzenaar, investigated the Krakatoa islands. He noted three major ash columns (the newer from Danan), which obscured the western part of the island, and steam plumes from at least eleven other vents, mostly between Danan and Rakata. When he landed, he noted an ash layer about 0.5\u00a0m (1\u00a0ft 8\u00a0in) thick, and the destruction of all vegetation, leaving only tree stumps. He advised against any further landings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0006-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Climactic phase\nBy 25 August, the Krakatoa eruptions intensified. At about 1:00 pm on 26 August, the volcano went into its paroxysmal phase. By 2:00 pm, a black cloud of ash could be seen 27 kilometres high. At this point, the eruption was almost continuous and explosions could be heard every ten minutes or so. Ships within 20\u00a0km (12\u00a0mi) of the volcano reported heavy ash fall, with pieces of hot pumice up to 10\u00a0cm (4\u00a0in) in diameter landing on their decks. Between 7:00 pm and 8:00 pm, a small tsunami hit the shores of Java and Sumatra, 40\u00a0km (25\u00a0mi) away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 42], "content_span": [43, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0007-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Climactic phase\nOn 27 August, four enormous explosions occurred, which marked the climax of the eruption. At 5:30 am, the first explosion was at Perboewatan, triggering a tsunami heading to Telok Betong, now known as Bandar Lampung. At 6:44\u00a0am, Krakatoa exploded again at Danan, with the resulting tsunami propagating eastward and westward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 42], "content_span": [43, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0007-0001", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Climactic phase\nThe third and largest explosion, at 10:02 am, was so violent that it was heard 3,110\u00a0km (1,930\u00a0mi) away in Perth, Western Australia, and the Indian Ocean island of Rodrigues near Mauritius, 4,800\u00a0km (3,000\u00a0mi) away, where the blast was thought to have been cannon fire from a nearby ship. The third explosion has been reported as the loudest sound heard in historic times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 42], "content_span": [43, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0007-0002", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Climactic phase\nThe loudness of the blast heard 160\u00a0km (100\u00a0mi) from the volcano has been calculated to have been 180 dB. Each explosion was accompanied by tsunamis estimated to have been over 30 metres (98 feet) high in places. A large area of the Sunda Strait and places on the Sumatran coast were affected by pyroclastic flows from the volcano. The energy released from the explosion has been estimated to be equal to about 200 megatonnes of TNT (840 petajoules), roughly four times as powerful as the Tsar Bomba, the most powerful thermonuclear weapon ever detonated. At 10:41\u00a0am, a landslide tore off half of Rakata volcano, along with the remainder of the island to the north of Rakata, causing the final explosion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 42], "content_span": [43, 748]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0008-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Climactic phase, Pressure wave\nThe pressure wave generated by the colossal third explosion radiated out from Krakatoa at 1,086\u00a0km/h (675\u00a0mph). The eruption is estimated to have reached 310\u00a0dB, loud enough to be heard 5,000 kilometres (3,100\u00a0mi) away. It was so powerful that it ruptured the eardrums of sailors 64\u00a0km (40 miles) away on ships in the Sunda Strait, and caused a spike of more than 8.5 kilopascals (2.5\u00a0inHg) in pressure gauges 160\u00a0km (100 miles) away, attached to gasometers in the Batavia gasworks, sending them off the scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0009-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Climactic phase, Pressure wave\nThe pressure wave was recorded on barographs all over the world. Several barographs recorded the wave seven times over the course of five days: four times with the wave travelling away from the volcano to its antipodal point, and three times travelling back to the volcano. Hence, the wave rounded the globe three and a half times. Ash was propelled to an estimated height of 80\u00a0km (50\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0010-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Climactic phase, Pressure wave\nThe eruptions diminished rapidly after that point, and by the morning of 28 August, Krakatoa was silent. Small eruptions, mostly of mud, continued into October 1883. By then, less than 30% of the original island remained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0011-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects\nThe combination of pyroclastic flows, volcanic ash, and tsunamis associated with the Krakatoa eruptions had disastrous regional consequences. Some land in Banten, approximately 90\u00a0km south, was never repopulated; it reverted to jungle and is now the Ujung Kulon National Park. The official death toll recorded by the Dutch authorities was 36,417.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0012-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, \"The Burning Ashes of Ketimbang\"\nVerbeek and others believe that the final major Krakatoa eruption was a lateral blast, or pyroclastic surge. Around noon on 27 August 1883, a rain of hot ash fell around Ketimbang (now Katibung in Lampung Province) in Sumatra. Approximately 1,000 people were killed in Sumatra; there were no survivors from the 3,000\u00a0people on the island of Sebesi. There are numerous reports of groups of human skeletons floating across the Indian Ocean on rafts of volcanic pumice and washing up on the east coast of Africa, up to a year after the eruption.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 68], "content_span": [69, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0013-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Tsunamis and distant effects\nShips as far away as South Africa rocked as tsunamis hit them, and the bodies of victims were found floating in the ocean for months after the event. The tsunamis which accompanied the eruption were believed to have been caused by gigantic pyroclastic flows entering the sea; each of the four great explosions was accompanied by large pyroclastic flows resulting from the gravitational collapse of the eruption columns. This caused several cubic kilometres of material to enter the sea, displacing an equal volume of seawater. The town of Merak was destroyed by a tsunami which was 46 metres high. Some of the pyroclastic flows reached the Sumatran coast as much as 40\u00a0km (25\u00a0mi) away, having apparently moved across the water on a cushion of superheated steam. There are also indications of submarine pyroclastic flows reaching 15\u00a0km (9.3\u00a0mi) from the volcano.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 64], "content_span": [65, 926]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0014-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Tsunamis and distant effects\nSmaller waves were recorded on tidal gauges as far away as the English Channel. These occurred too soon to be remnants of the initial tsunamis and may have been caused by concussive air waves from the eruption. These air waves circled the globe several times and were still detectable on barographs five days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 64], "content_span": [65, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0015-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Geographic effects\nIn the aftermath of the eruption, it was found that Krakatoa had almost entirely disappeared, except for the southern third. The Rakata cone was cut off along a vertical cliff, leaving behind a 250-metre (820\u00a0ft) cliff. Of the northern two-thirds of the island, only a rocky islet named Bootsmansrots ('Bosun's Rock'), a fragment of Danan, was left; Poolsche Hoed had totally disappeared.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 54], "content_span": [55, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0016-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Geographic effects\nThe huge amount of material deposited by the volcano drastically altered the surrounding ocean floor. It is estimated that as much as 18\u201321\u00a0km3 (4.3\u20135.0\u00a0cu\u00a0mi) of ignimbrite were deposited over 1,100,000\u00a0km2 (420,000\u00a0sq\u00a0mi), largely filling the 30\u201340\u00a0m (98\u2013131\u00a0ft) deep basin around the mountain. The land masses of Verlaten and Lang islands were increased, as was the western part of the remnant of Rakata. Much of this gained material quickly eroded away, but volcanic ash continues to be a significant part of the geological composition of these islands. The basin was 100\u00a0m (330\u00a0ft) deep before the eruption, and 200\u2013300\u00a0m (660\u2013980\u00a0ft) after.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 54], "content_span": [55, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0017-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Geographic effects\nTwo nearby sandbanks (called Steers and Calmeyer after the two naval officers who investigated them) were built up into islands by ashfall, but the sea later washed them away. Seawater on hot volcanic deposits on Steers and Calmeyer had caused steam to rise, which some mistook for a continued eruption.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 54], "content_span": [55, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0018-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Global climate\nIn the year following the eruption, average Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures fell by 0.4\u00a0\u00b0C (0.72\u00a0\u00b0F). The record rainfall that hit Southern California during the water year from July 1883 to June 1884 \u2013 Los Angeles received 970 millimetres (38.18\u00a0in) and San Diego 660 millimetres (25.97\u00a0in) \u2013 has been attributed to the Krakatoa eruption. There was no El Ni\u00f1o during that period as is normal when heavy rain occurs in Southern California, but many scientists doubt that there was a causal relationship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 50], "content_span": [51, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0019-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Global climate\nThe eruption injected an unusually large amount of sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas high into the stratosphere, which was subsequently transported by high-level winds all over the planet. This led to a global increase in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration in high-level cirrus clouds. The resulting increase in cloud reflectivity (or albedo) reflected more incoming light from the sun than usual, and cooled the entire planet until the sulfur fell to the ground as acid precipitation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 50], "content_span": [51, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0020-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Global optical effects\nThe 1883 Krakatoa eruption darkened the sky worldwide for years afterwards and produced spectacular sunsets throughout the world for many months. British artist William Ascroft made thousands of colour sketches of the red sunsets halfway around the world from Krakatoa in the years after the eruption. The ash caused \"such vivid red sunsets that fire engines were called out in New York, Poughkeepsie, and New Haven to quench the apparent conflagration.\" This eruption also produced a Bishop's Ring around the sun by day, and a volcanic purple light at twilight. In 2004, an astronomer proposed the idea that the red sky shown in Edvard Munch's 1893 painting The Scream is also an accurate depiction of the sky over Norway after the eruption.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 58], "content_span": [59, 801]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0021-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Global optical effects\nWeather watchers of the time tracked and mapped the effects on the sky. They labelled the phenomenon the \"equatorial smoke stream\". This was the first identification of what is known today as the jet stream. For several years following the eruption, it was reported that the moon appeared to be blue and sometimes green. This was because some of the ash clouds were filled with particles about 1\u00a0\u03bcm wide\u00a0\u2013 the right size to strongly scatter red light, while allowing other colours to pass. White moonbeams shining through the clouds emerged blue, and sometimes green. People also saw lavender suns and, for the first time, recorded noctilucent clouds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 58], "content_span": [59, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0022-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Possible causes\nThe fate of northern Krakatoa has been the subject of some dispute among geologists. It was originally proposed that the island had been blown apart by the force of the eruption. Most of the material deposited by the volcano is clearly magmatic in origin, and the caldera formed by the eruption is not extensively filled with deposits from the 1883 eruption. This indicates that the island subsided into an empty magma chamber at the end of the eruption sequence, rather than having been destroyed during the eruptions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 42], "content_span": [43, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0023-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Possible causes\nThe established hypotheses \u2013 based on the findings of contemporary investigators \u2013 assume that part of the island subsided before the first explosions on the morning of 27 August. This forced the volcano's vents to be below sea level, causing:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 42], "content_span": [43, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0024-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Possible causes\nThere is geological evidence which does not support the assumption that only subsidence before the explosion was the cause. For instance, the pumice and ignimbrite deposits are not of a kind consistent with a magma-seawater interaction. These findings have led to other hypotheses:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 42], "content_span": [43, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0025-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Possible causes\nA numerical model for a Krakatoa hydrovolcanic explosion and the resulting tsunami was described by Mader & Gittings, in 2006. A high wall of water is formed that is initially higher than 100 metres driven by the shocked water, basalt and air.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 42], "content_span": [43, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0026-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Verbeek investigation\nAlthough the violent phase of the 1883 eruption was over by late afternoon of 27 August, after light returned by 29 August, reports continued for months that Krakatoa was still in eruption. One of the earliest duties of Verbeek's committee was to determine if this was true and also verify reports of other volcanoes erupting on Java and Sumatra. In general, these were found to be false, and Verbeek discounted any claims of Krakatoa still erupting after mid-October as due to steaming of hot material, landslides due to heavy monsoon rains that season, and \"hallucinations due to electrical activity\" seen from a distance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0027-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Verbeek investigation\nNo signs of further activity were seen until 1913, when an eruption was reported. Investigation could find no evidence the volcano was awakening, and it was determined that what had been mistaken for renewed activity had actually been a major landslide (possibly the one which formed the second arc to Rakata's cliff).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0028-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Verbeek investigation\nExaminations after 1930 of bathymetric charts made in 1919 show evidence of a bulge indicative of magma near the surface at the site that became Anak Krakatau.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027275-0029-0000", "contents": "1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Comparison of selected volcanic eruptions\nVesuvius is estimated to have killed thousands, yet the death toll is uncertain: so far, evidence of fewer than 2,000 human deaths has been identified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 68], "content_span": [69, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027276-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in Argentina, Births\nThis article article about the history of Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027277-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1883 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027278-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027278-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1883 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027278-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1883 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027279-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in Belgium\nThe following lists events that happened during 1883 in the Kingdom of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027281-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in Canada, Historical documents\nDestitute Cree insist government live up to its treaty obligations", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027281-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 in Canada, Historical documents\nHaida story of The Man in the Moon repeated by ethnographer James G. Swan and illustrated by Johnny Kit Elswa", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027281-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 in Canada, Historical documents\nRouting CPR line away from more fertile prairie land will hinder settlement", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027281-0003-0000", "contents": "1883 in Canada, Historical documents\nMounties return stolen horses, but deny U.S. Army claim that Cree will wage war in Montana", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027281-0004-0000", "contents": "1883 in Canada, Historical documents\nOne cattle hand shoots another, then outraces Mounties to U.S. border", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027282-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1883\nThe Ontario Rugby Football Union was formed on January 6, 1883. The Quebec Rugby Football Union would organize ten days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027282-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1883, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 89], "content_span": [90, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027283-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1883 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027290-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1883 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027290-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 in New Zealand, Sport, Horse racing\nThe New Zealand Cup is so-named, the race having been run under another name since 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027292-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1883 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027296-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1883 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027298-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1883 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027302-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1883 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027303-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1883  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027304-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027306-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027307-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027307-0001-0000", "contents": "1883 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027307-0002-0000", "contents": "1883 in poetry, Deaths\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027308-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027309-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in science\nThe year 1883 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027310-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 in sports\n1883 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027313-0000-0000", "contents": "1883 \u00c7e\u015fme earthquake\nThe 1883 \u00c7e\u015fme earthquake occurred at 13:30 UTC on October 15. It had a magnitude of 6.8 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. There was widespread damage in the Urla\u2013\u00c7e\u015fme area with 3,600 homes destroyed and at least 120 people killed. There were damaging aftershocks on October 22 and November 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027314-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Bolton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe 1881\u201382 season was the third season in which Bolton Wanderers competed in a senior competitive football competition. The club entered the FA Cup in November 1883, but were knocked out in the fourth round by Notts County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027315-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 British Home Championship\nThe 1883\u201384 British Home Championship was the inaugural international football tournament, played between the Home Nations of the British Isles which at the time made up the constituent nations of the United Kingdom; England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. International football matches had begun with annual games played between England and Scotland in 1872 and they had been joined by Wales in 1876 and Ireland in 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027315-0001-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 British Home Championship\nThe tournament was played in an unusual layout, with Ireland playing all three of their games first, and losing heavily in each one. Then England and Scotland played what would eventually be the deciding match of the tournament, which Scotland won in a close fought contest. Finally, Wales played both England and Scotland, losing heavily to each in turn and thus granting Scotland victory in the first British Home Championship. Scotland won the final match, even though many of the best Scottish players were absent playing for Queen's Park FC in the 1884 FA Cup Final, which took place on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1883\u201384 season was the 11th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0001-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nAfter the success of the previous season, Dumbarton fell at the 'first hurdle' in the Scottish Cup by losing to local rivals Renton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0002-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Glasgow Charity Cup\nDumbarton's fortunes were no better in the Glasgow Charity Cup where they lost at the semi final stage to 3rd LRV. A protest was lodged by Dumbarton after the game that their opponents had played several players from other teams - against SFA rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0002-0001", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Glasgow Charity Cup\nHowever the basis of the objection was doomed to failure, due in part to the fact that the game had been refereed by the president of the SFA, and if the protest had been successful, Queen's Park's victory over Rangers would have had to be replayed, as the QP team was similarly sprinkled with 'guest' players - indeed it seemed that very few decisions went against Queens Park in those days!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0003-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies/other matches\nNotwithstanding the early cup exit, Dumbarton's fixture card was a busy one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0004-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies/other matches\nThe season began with a charity match against Rangers in aid of the Daphne Disaster Fund. This was followed in Scotland with home and away fixtures against Queen's Park, Vale of Leven, Rangers, St Mirren (the Renfrewshire Cup holders) and St Bernards - all 10 of which were won, in addition to a 7-0 thumping of Ayrshire Cup holders Kilmarnock Athletic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0005-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies/other matches\nThere were also 12 'friendly' matches played against English opposition, including home and away fixtures against Aston Villa, Walsall Swifts, Nottingham Forest, Blackburn Rovers and Blackburn Olympic, the 1882-83 FA Cup winners. The 6-1 win at Boghead against 'Olympic' was at the time recognised as the unofficial Championship of Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0006-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies/other matches\nIn all, 23 matches were won, 1 drawn and 7 lost, scoring 95 goals and conceding 38.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0007-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOf note amongst those donning the club's colours for the first time was Robert 'Plumber' Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0008-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0009-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\nAn international trial match was played on 8 March 1884 to consider selection of teams to represent Scotland against Ireland, England and Wales in the inaugural British Home Championship. Joe Lindsay, James McAulay, William McKinnon and Peter Miller were all selected to play for the 'Probables' against an 'Improbable' XI which included 'Sparrow' Brown and Jock Hutcheson. The game ended in a 2-2 draw with McKinnon scoring one of the 'Probables' goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0010-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\n- Robert 'Sparrow' Brown earned his first and second caps against Ireland and Wales respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0011-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\n- Joe Lindsay earned his fourth and fifth caps against England and Wales respectively, scoring a goal in the 4-1 win over the Welsh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0012-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\n- William McKinnon earned his third and fourth caps against England and Wales respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0013-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\n- James McAulay earned his fourth cap against England and Michael Paton earned his second cap against Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0014-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton reached the final of the Scottish Second XI Cup for the second time in three seasons before losing out to the holders, Kilmarnock Athletic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027316-0015-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nOn the same day as the international trial, a Dumbartonshire XI played against a Glasgow XI to raise funds for the Second Eleven Association. Ralph Aitken, James Liddell, James Miller and W Watt played, with Miller scoring twice and Watt once in the 4-1 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027317-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 FA Cup\nThe 1883\u201384 Football Association Challenge Cup was the thirteenth staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. One hundred teams entered, sixteen more than the previous season, although three of the one hundred never played a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027317-0001-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 FA Cup\nPreston North End was disqualified from the competition in February 1884, after an FA committee determined that the club had violated rules against professionalism by offering financial inducements to Scottish players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027318-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nSeason 1883\u201384 was the ninth season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the ninth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027318-0001-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts reached the third round of the Scottish Cup and were knocked out by Edinburgh rivals Hibs. Later that season they reached the semi final of the newly renamed East of Scotland Shield once again being knocked out by Hibs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027319-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Hibernian F.C. season\nSeason 1883\u201384 was the 8th season in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the 7th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027319-0001-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nHibs reached the semi-final of the Scottish Cup, losing 5\u20131 to the Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027320-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Iowa Hawkeyes men's soccer team\nThe 1883\u201384 Iowa Hawkeyes men's soccer team represented the State University of Iowa during the 1883\u201384 college soccer season. Per the Intercollegiate Football Research Association and the American Soccer History Archives, the 1883\u201384 squad was declared the de facto national champion during this season, although it was nearly 20 years prior to the first formal awarding of a collegiate soccer champion. The team played two matches against Cornell College and won both 1\u20130, giving them a perfect 2\u20130\u20130 record, leaving them with the best overall record among college soccer programs that season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027320-0001-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Iowa Hawkeyes men's soccer team\nAccording to a research study by Melvin Smith in his book Evolvements of Early American Foot Ball: Through the 1890/91 Season, it was Iowa's third season fielding a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027321-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Morton F.C. season\nThe 1882\u201383 season was Morton Football Club's seventh season in which they competed at a national level, entering the inaugural Scottish Cup. The club competed in the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027322-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season\nThe 1883\u201384 season was the first season in which Newton Heath LYR F.C. competed in a senior competitive football competition, having spent the first five years of their existence playing friendly matches against local clubs. The club entered the Lancashire Cup in October 1883, but were knocked out in the first round by Blackburn Olympic's reserve team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027322-0001-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season, Lancashire Cup\nFor their first ever competitive match, Newton Heath were drawn at home to Blackburn Olympic in the first round of the Lancashire Cup. The opposition had won the FA Cup the previous season, beating Old Etonians in the final. However, they did not seem to be taking Newton Heath seriously, sending only their reserve team for the match, which was played on 27 October 1883. This gave the Heathens every chance of progressing to the next round, and indeed they were only 2\u20131 down at half-time. They then equalised shortly after the break, but were then hit by a barrage of goals, eventually losing the tie 7\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027322-0002-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season, Lancashire Cup\nIt is assumed that Newton Heath's North Road ground had become an enclosed structure by this point, as the club charged an entry fee of 3d for entry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027323-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1883\u201384 season is the 10th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027324-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Cup\nThe 1883\u201384 Scottish Cup was the 11th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Queen's Park won the competition for the seventh time after Vale of Leven could not field a team on the date fixed for the final due to player illness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027324-0001-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Cup\nDumbarton became the first defending champions to unsuccessfully retain the cup after they were knocked out in the first round by Renton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027324-0002-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 132 teams entered the competition in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027324-0003-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Cup, First round\nCowlairs, Coupar Angus, Drumlanrig Rangers, Newcastleton and Vale of Avon received a bye to the second round. Edinburgh University received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027324-0004-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Cup, Second round\nCumnock, Hamilton Academical, Morton, St Bernard's and Vale of Leven received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027324-0005-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Cup, Third round\nDunblane, Edinburgh University, Pollokshields Athletic and Royal Albert received a bye to the fourth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027324-0006-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Cup, Fifth round\nBattlefield, Cambuslang, Cartvale, Hibernian and Queen's Park received a bye to the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027324-0007-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Cup, Final\nVale of Leven did not appear for the final in protest after a request made on the Wednesday before the match was due to take place for a postponement due to bereavement, illness and injury had been refused by the Scottish FA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027325-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1883\u201384 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027325-0001-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027325-0002-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Districts season, History\nEdinburgh District won the Inter-City for the first time in three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027325-0003-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe East v West match was played on 26 January 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027325-0004-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nGlasgow District: D. A. C. Reid (Glasgow University), David Kidston (Glasgow Academicals). R. G. Eaglesham (West of Scotland), Alexander Stephen (West of Scotland), John Alexander Neilson (Glasgow Academicals) C. W. Dunlop (West of Scotland), John Jamieson (West of Scotland), David Morton (West of Scotland), Gordon Mitchell (West of Scotland), David McCowan (West of Scotland), H. S. Brown (West of Scotland), George Robb (Glasgow Academicals), William Andrew Walls (Glasgow Academicals), R. H. Young (Glasgow Academicals), J. S. Lang (Glasgow University) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027325-0004-0001", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\ncaptain]Edinburgh District: J. P. Veitch (Royal HSFP), E.T. Roland (Edinburgh University), J. Glegg (Edinburgh University), Andrew Ramsay Don-Wauchope (Edinburgh University), D. M. Orr (Edinburgh Academicals), Thomas Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution F.P.) [ captain], David Somerville (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), Robert Maitland (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), Charles Reid (Edinburgh Academicals), John Guthrie Tait (Edinburgh Academicals), Walter Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), C. Morrison (Edinburgh Wanderers), W. M. Gossip (Royal HSFP), William Peterkin (Edinburgh University), J. Todd (Watsonians)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027325-0005-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nEast: J. P. Veitch (Royal HSFP), back; E. T. Roland (Edinburgh Wanderers), W. A. Macfarlane (Royal HSFP), G. Maitland (Edinburgh Institution), half-backs; A. R. Don Wauchope (Edinburgh Wanderers), D. Sanderson (Melrose), quarter-backs; T. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution) [", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027325-0005-0001", "contents": "1883\u201384 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\ncaptain], D. Somerville (Edinburgh Institution), R. Maitland (Edinburgh Institution), and J. Greig (Edinburgh Wanderers), C. Reid (Edinburgh Academicals), W. A. Peterkin (Edinburgh University), J. Tod (Watsonians), E. Morrison (Edinburgh Wanderers) and W. M. Gossip (Royal HSFP), forwardsWest: D. A. C. Reid (University), back :D. W. Kidston (Glasgow Academicals), R Eaglesham (West of Scotland), half-backs; E. E. Steven (West of Scotland), E. Leitke (Southern), quarters; J. French (Glasgow Academicals), J. Jamleson (West of Scotland), Highlands (West of Scotland), J. B. Brown, W. A. Walls, G. H. Robb, R. A. Young (Academicals), and H. Edmiston (Southern), D. Morton, A R. Paterson", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season\nThe 1883\u201384 season was the first season Stoke took part in a major competitive competition, the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0001-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season, Season review\nSince Stoke were founded in 1863 their seasons consisted of friendly matches and the Staffordshire Senior Cup. There was the FA Cup which had been competed for by amateur clubs until the Football Association's resolution that a 'Challenge Cup' be established and open to all clubs belonging to the association which had a tremendous bearing on the game. Stoke first entered the FA Cup in 1883\u201384 but they were defeated 2\u20131 by Manchester in the First Qualifying Round. Edward Johnson scoring Stoke's first competitive goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0002-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season, Before competitive football - 1868 to 1882\nPrior to Stoke entering the FA Cup they competed in friendlies and in the Staffordshire Senior Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 69], "content_span": [70, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0003-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season, Before competitive football - 1868 to 1882\nThe club contends that it was formed in 1863 as Stoke Ramblers F.C. when Railway students from the Charterhouse School in Surrey moved to Stoke-upon-Trent to work as apprentices for the North Staffordshire Railway Works. Amongst them was Henry Almond who was a keen sportsman and it is believed that he introduced football to the local workers although there is no record that matches took place. However, in 1868 it was reported in The Field newspaper that Stoke Ramblers had been formed with Almond as its captain and the club was to play under association football rules. It remains unclear as to whether Stoke played any matches from 1863 to 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 69], "content_span": [70, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0004-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season, Before competitive football - 1868 to 1882, 1868\u201369\nStoke's first recorded match was a fifteen-a-side game against E.W May's XV on 17 October 1868. Both sides were made up of local railway employees with Stoke Ramblers being captained by Henry Almond who played a major role in creating the club. The match finished 1\u20131 with both goals being scored by Almond and May. Stoke's second match was a goalless draw with D. Gordon's XI and then another draw followed against Congleton. Stoke recorded their first victory against Newcastle under-Lyme by the score of 2\u20130. The local papers stated that the matches were attended by a 'fashionable assembling of spectators'. Their final match of the first season saw them play Leek under Rugby football rules with Stoke winning by a goal and one try to Leek's two tries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 78], "content_span": [79, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0005-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season, Before competitive football - 1868 to 1882, 1870\u201371\nStoke Ramblers suffered their first defeat at the hands of Whitchurch in December 1870 going down 1\u20130. The match is said to have been played under association football rules but with an oval ball. Stoke had beaten Derby School a fortnight earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 78], "content_span": [79, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0006-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season, Before competitive football - 1868 to 1882, 1871\u201372\nThe local press began to cover matches more fully by the 1871\u201372 season, while some sides were still fielding anything from eleven to fifteen players, there was far less variation in the overall rules. There was a strong local bias in Stoke's fixture list during the first half of the 1871\u201372 campaign as they achieved victories over Sandbach, Burton-on-Trent, Congleton and Rugeley. Towards the end of the season the team's performance fell away as Burton got their revenge and Stoke lost 3\u20130 to Derby School when they fielded two players less than Derby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 78], "content_span": [79, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0007-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season, Before competitive football - 1868 to 1882, 1872\u201373\nIn 1871 Thomas Slaney played his first match for Stoke and he would go on to become club captain and the club's first manager. Stoke played some interesting matches during the 1872\u201373 with Congleton, essentially a rugby team played Stoke with four men short so the Ramblers lent Congleton four reserves, despite butting up a brave fight Stoke won 2\u20130. The match against Nottingham Forest was played on a frosted surface and so the Forest players added nails to their boots to get a better grip. They caused a number of injuries to the Stoke players and Forest won 3\u20131. Stoke also played Notts County, Derby Town, Ashbourne, Shropshire Victoria, Burton-on-Trent, Tutbury, Whitchurch and Great Lever but the results of these matches went unrecorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 78], "content_span": [79, 826]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0008-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season, Before competitive football - 1868 to 1882, 1873\u201374\nThe only match recorded this season was against Birmingham but the result is unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 78], "content_span": [79, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0009-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season, Before competitive football - 1868 to 1882, 1874\u201375\nStoke played Wednesbury Old Athletic, Strollers and Stafford Road but the results went unrecorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 78], "content_span": [79, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0010-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season, Before competitive football - 1868 to 1882, 1877\u201378\nFor the 1877\u201378 season the Staffordshire Football Association was formed and immediately set up the Staffordshire Senior Cup for interested teams and Stoke now attracting about 300 spectators decided to enter the competition. Stoke played their first senior match against village side Mow Cop and won by an incredible scoreline of 26\u20130, a club record. Stoke went on to lift the cup beating Talke Rangers 1\u20130 in the final. Stoke had now moved to the Victoria Ground and had dropped 'Ramblers' from their name.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 78], "content_span": [79, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0011-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season, Before competitive football - 1868 to 1882, 1878\u201379\nStoke retained the Staffordshire Senior Cup by beating Cobridge 2\u20131. Edward Johnson came to the club at this time and he would go on to become the club's first international player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 78], "content_span": [79, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0012-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season, Before competitive football - 1868 to 1882, 1879\u201380\nNo matches in the Staffordshire Senior Cup and Stoke's results in 1879\u201380 were mixed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 78], "content_span": [79, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0013-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season, Before competitive football - 1868 to 1882, 1880\u201381\nStoke suffered their first cup exit in 1880\u201381 losing 2\u20130 away at West Bromwich Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 78], "content_span": [79, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0014-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season, Before competitive football - 1868 to 1882, 1881\u201382\nStoke beat Boothen All Saints 7\u20131 in the first round of the Senior Cup but no more matches were recorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 78], "content_span": [79, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027326-0015-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Stoke F.C. season, Before competitive football - 1868 to 1882, 1882\u201383\nStoke reached the final of the Staffs Senior Cup by scoring 42 goals with Edward Johnson scoring 18. It was all in vain however as Stoke lost in the final to West Bromwich Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 78], "content_span": [79, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027327-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 Welsh Cup\nThe 1883\u201384 FAW Welsh Cup was the 7th edition of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027328-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season\nThe 1883\u201384 season was the sixth season in the history of West Bromwich Albion Football Club. Albion played their home matches at the Four Acres during the season, and the team wore a chocolate and white coloured kit. The club competed in the FA Cup for the first time, losing in the first round. They did reach the final of the Staffordshire Senior Cup, but were defeated by St George's in the final. Albion also participated in the Birmingham Senior Cup, Birmingham Charity Cup and Wednesbury Charity Cup, but were eliminated at the semi-final stage of all three competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027328-0001-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, FA Cup\nHaving joined The Football Association in the summer of 1883, West Bromwich Albion became eligible to take part in the FA Cup for the first time. Their first season in the competition was not a successful one however, as the team lost 0\u20132 to local rivals Wednesbury Town in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 48], "content_span": [49, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027328-0002-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Birmingham Senior Cup\nAlbion took part in the Birmingham Senior Cup for the third time. In the first round, they won 7\u20130 against Stourbridge Standard, then defeated Walsall Alma Athletic 6\u20130 in the second round. Albion drew 1\u20131 with Wednesbury Old Athletic in round three. George Timmins scored a hat-trick in the replay, but the match finished 3\u20133, meaning that a second replay would be required. Albion won 3\u20131 at Aston Lower Grounds. After a 1\u20131 draw against Wolverhampton Wanderers, Albion won the fourth round replay 2\u20131. In the semi-final, Albion lost 0\u20131 to Walsall Swifts at Aston Lower Grounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027328-0003-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Staffordshire Senior Cup\nAlbion entered the 1883\u201384 Staffordshire Senior Cup as defending champions, having won the trophy at the first attempt during the previous season. The club's second season in the competition saw them defeat Cocknage in the first round, George Bell scoring the only goal of the game. In the second round, Harry Aston scored all four goals in the club's 4\u20130 victory against Walsall Town. The semi-final took place in Wednesbury, against Stoke; goals from Billy Bisseker and George Timmins put Albion into the final for the second successive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 66], "content_span": [67, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027328-0003-0001", "contents": "1883\u201384 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Staffordshire Senior Cup\nTheir opponents in the final were St George's, who had knocked Albion out of the Wednesbury Charity Cup two weeks earlier. The match took place at Stoke's Victoria Ground in front of 5,500 spectators. Arthur Loach scored for Albion, but the team failed to retain the cup as St George's were 2\u20131 winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 66], "content_span": [67, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027328-0004-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Birmingham Charity Cup\nAston Villa beat Albion 4\u20131 in the semi-final of the Birmingham Charity Cup. This was the first time that Albion had participated in this competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027328-0005-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Wednesbury Charity Cup\nTaking part in the Wednesbury Charity Cup for the second time, Albion defeated Aston Unity 3\u20130 in the first round. The semi-final took place at Aston Lower Grounds and finished in a 1\u20131 draw between Albion and St George's. In the replay at Wednesbury, St George's won 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027328-0006-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Friendly matches\nAs league football had yet to be established, West Bromwich Albion took part in a number of friendly matches throughout the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027329-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 in English football\nThe 1883\u201384 season was the 13th season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027329-0001-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 in English football, Overview\n1883\u20131884 saw the world's first international tournament begin. The British Home Championship pitted the UK's four national teams (England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland) against each other in a league competition in which each played the other three once. Scotland won the first contest with England finishing second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027329-0002-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027330-0000-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 in Scottish football\nThe 1883\u201384 season was the 11th season of competitive football in Scotland. This season saw the introduction of the British Home International Championship, with Scotland winning the inaugural contest. In addition, two further regional competitions were played for the first time with the inaugural Forfarshire Cup and Stirlingshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027330-0001-0000", "contents": "1883\u201384 in Scottish football, Scotland national team\nScotland won the inaugural British Home Championship after defeating Ireland, England and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027331-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\n1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1884th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 884th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 84th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  5th   year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1884, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027332-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on August 4, 1884, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama. Incumbent Democrat Edward A. O'Neal ran unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027333-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Amherst football team\nThe 1884 Amherst football team represented the Amherst College during the 1884 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake\nThe 1884 Andalusian earthquake (Spanish: Terremoto de Andaluc\u00eda de 1884) occurred in Andalusia, in the south of Spain, and had an estimated magnitude of 6.7 Mw. It shook a poor region where many of the houses were built without foundations, with lime or mud mortar, and with weak joints. 10,715 buildings were badly damaged, of which 4,399 were completely destroyed. Fortunately, many people were in the streets celebrating Christmas, or casualties would have been higher, but there were over 1,200 deaths and 1,500 serious injuries. The heavy snow that followed the earthquake caused further suffering and deaths. Help was slow to arrive at first, but as the news spread food and blankets arrived, then tents, and then donations from around the world helped with reconstruction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 806]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Background\nThe B\u00e9tica region in the south and southeast of Spain experiences seismic activity caused by the collision of the African Plate and the Eurasian Plate. Within this region, Andalusia is a zone of moderate seismic activity by world standards, but is a dangerous seismic zone under the Spanish building code. Most earthquakes are of magnitude less than 5.5, but large earthquakes with magnitude greater than 6.5 do occur occasionally. Many of the earthquakes are shallow, at depths of less than 40 kilometres (25\u00a0mi), but there are a significant number with hypocenters at depths from 40 to 150 kilometres (25 to 93\u00a0mi). Some rare events have been detected at depths of around 630 kilometres (390\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Background\nThe slippage rate in the Ventas de Zafarraya fault is about 3.5 centimetres (1.4\u00a0in) per century. At least two other earthquakes of magnitude 6.5 have occurred along this fault in the last 10,000 years. There are records of earthquakes with epicenters in the region in 1431, 1504, 1518, 1522, 1531,1645, 1674, 1680, 1748, 1804 and 1829. Historical records show that destructive earthquakes in the  M\u00e1laga/Granada region occur every 200 years or so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Background\nDestructive earthquakes in the Depression of Granada occurred on 24 April and 27 June 1431 and on 27 October 1806 with epicenters in Santa Elvira near Granada. There were destructive shocks in the Province of Almer\u00eda in 1804, 1860 and 1863, and in the Region of Murcia in 1828\u201329 and 1864. A few very weak tremors were felt a day or two before the 25 December 1884 earthquake. Minor shocks were noted at Colmenar and Zafarraya during the night of 24\u201325 December, and later on 25 December small movements were felt in M\u00e1laga and Periana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Earthquake\nThe clock at the Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada stopped at 9:08 p.m. GMT, or 9:18 p.m. Paris time on 25 December 1884. Magnetographs at Lisbon, Parc de Saint-Maur near Paris, Greenwich and Wilhelmshaven recorded disturbances at 9:09, 9:14, 9:15 and 9:29 respectively. Two observatories near Rome detected slight tremors at or just after 10:00 p.m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake caused damage in a zone 200 by 80 kilometres (124 by 50\u00a0mi) in the provinces of Granada and Malaga. It was felt as far away as Madrid and Valencia. Later, the French commission estimated that 154,000 square miles (400,000\u00a0km2) were disturbed by the earthquake, and the Italian commission put the area at 174,000 square miles (450,000\u00a0km2). Even the larger estimate must be too small, since the shock was sufficient to ring bells and stop clocks in Madrid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0005-0001", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Earthquake\nThe fracture zone was 17 to 20 kilometres (11 to 12\u00a0mi) long, which indicates a moment magnitude of about 6.5 to 6.9. The epicenter was between  and . This is between Arenas del Rey and Ventas de Zafarraya. It is on the northern side of the Sierra de Tejeda, nearest to Ventas de Zafarraya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Earthquake\nThe shaking was generally thought to have lasted for 15 to 20 seconds, with a noise \"like cannon shots\" in Arenas del Rey and Jayena, or like loud thunder in Ventas de Zafarraya, Alhama de Granada, Alcauc\u00edn, Canillas de Aceituno and Colmenar. In Ventas de Zafarraya and Alhama almost vertical longitudinal waves were followed one or two seconds later by transverse waves. This indicates a depth of focus that was probably less than 15\u201320 kilometres (9.3\u201312.4\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Earthquake\nAftershocks were felt during the night that followed, with one at 2:30 causing the collapse of some of the buildings damaged by the main earthquake. That night aftershocks were also felt in Jayena, Alcaucin, Ventas de Huelma, Motril, Cac\u00edn, D\u00farcal, and further away in V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga. There were almost daily aftershocks until May, causing further damage in the epicentral area. Significant shocks were felt on 30 December 1884 and in 1885 on 3/5/21 January, 19/27 February, 25 March, 11 April and 13 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0008-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Earthquake\nA visible crack over 7 kilometres (4.3\u00a0mi) long ran in a roughly east-west direction along the northern margin of the Sierra Tejeda and past Ventas de Zafarraya. Displacements along the crack were 1.2 to 1.5 metres (3\u00a0ft 11\u00a0in to 4\u00a0ft 11\u00a0in) horizontally and 1.2 metres (3\u00a0ft 11\u00a0in) vertically. The earthquake produced soil liquefaction, landslides, cracks in the ground, subsidence, changes to the flow from springs, and the release of gases. The three commissions that investigated the earthquake described phenomena associated with soil liquefaction at seven separate sites. Dynamic penetration tests have proved that liquefaction occurred at five of these sites.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0009-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Damage\nThe earthquake damaged 106 communities, of which 39 suffered severe damage. The villages of Arenas del Rey, Ventas de Zafarraya and Alhama de Granada were almost completely destroyed. 10,715 buildings were badly damaged, of which 4,399 were completely destroyed. More than 20,000 houses were affected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0010-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Damage\nThe most common types of building in the region were poorly built, with lime or mud mortar and without foundations, and proved very vulnerable, particularly when built on soft terrain which amplified the shocks. There was less damage to houses built on old limestone or crystalline rocks, greater damage to houses built on soft sedimentary rocks and greatest damage to those built on alluvial soil. A horseshoe-shaped landslide in G\u00fcev\u00e9jar was about 2 kilometres (1.2\u00a0mi) long, with cracks 1 to 4 metres (3\u00a0ft 3\u00a0in to 13\u00a0ft 1\u00a0in) wide and over 6 metres (20\u00a0ft) deep. The village had to be rebuilt in a different place nearby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0011-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Damage\nThere were over 1,200 deaths and 1,500 serious injuries. The quake occurred around 9 p.m. on Christmas night, so many people were on the streets celebrating the holiday, which reduced the number of victims. Other factors that may have reduced the number of casualties compared to other earthquakes of similar magnitude were that few people lived very close to the epicenter, and the most destructive vibrations were near the end of the shock, giving people time to escape.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0012-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Aftermath\nThe villages that were most affected were poor and isolated, and the earthquake was followed by unusually heavy snowfall. The disaster left over 15,000 people without homes, another 25,000 were forced to leave their homes by the ruinous conditions, and others left for fear of further collapses. They had to live in the fields, mostly without shelter, and suffered from the cold and snow. Aftershocks, some quite strong, followed in the next few days. Many of those who remained in their homes kept their doors open despite the intense cold. The first priority was to rescue people buried in the rubble and care for the wounded, and this was done by the local people in the first few days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0013-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Aftermath\nThe newspaper El Defensor de Granada published the first news of the disaster on 26 December 1884, but the full extent was not really known until the next day. The editor called for the central and local governments to act, called for national press coverage, and opened a relief fund. He made a series of visits to distribute grants and funds in the affected villages in January, February and March. The civil and military heads of Granada delayed sending relief until ordered by the central government, and no aid arrived in Alhama until 4 January 1885. King Alfonso XII of Spain (1857\u20131885) visited 25 villages in the region between 10 and 20 January 1885, riding on horseback in severe weather. He died later that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0014-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Aftermath\nThe governors of Granada and Malaga obtained lists of victims, survivors and aid requirements and set up local organizations to distribute aid, usually consisting of the mayor, priest, doctor and leading citizens in each community. Emergency hospitals were set up in Arenas del Rey, Alhama and Padul. Wooden sheds were thrown up for temporary shelter, with 698 sheds built in total in Granada. At a national and international level the first reaction was disbelief, but this was quickly followed by a surge of support for the victims. A national subscription organized by the Spanish government reached 6.5 million pesetas. Newspapers and other organizations collected donations, and aid came from Mexico, Uruguay, Cuba and elsewhere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0015-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Reconstruction\nLarge donations came from subscription funds and private individuals in Argentina, Britain, Germany and France, and from the Vatican. In Spain, Barcelona alone collected 157,925 pesetas for relief. The Catalan poet Jacint Verdaguer published a book of poems Caritat (Charity) to raise funds for reconstruction. People around the world sent donations to help recovery that totaled 10 million pesetas, and in 1885 the Comisar\u00eda Regia was established to distribute the funds to those in need. C\u00f3nchar received 31,870 pesetas and D\u00farcal received 13,062 pesetas. These were not among the worst affected communities. Ventas de Zafarraya was rebuilt almost entirely with money from Cuba, at that time a colony of Spain, and the village became known as \"New Havana\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 801]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0016-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Reconstruction\nIn February 1885 the Ministry of the Interior called for designs by Spanish architects for new houses for the poor, which had to cost no more than 1,500 pesetas and be as strong as possible against future earthquakes. The ministry chose five designs by the architect Mariano Belm\u00e1s Estrada (1850\u20131916). They used similar construction techniques and were between 40 and 150 square metres (430 and 1,610\u00a0sq\u00a0ft) in area. Other architects such as Francisco Jare\u00f1o y Alarc\u00f3n and Juan Monserrat Verg\u00e9s cast doubts on whether the Belm\u00e1s designs would be adequate for the harsh climate of the region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0017-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Reconstruction\nBelm\u00e1s was replaced in January 1886 by Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00edn-Baldo y Cachia (1826\u20131891). The houses that were built had solid foundations, strong frameworks, reinforced corners and other features designed to reduce risk of collapse. The villages were moved to new sites nearby on stable ground with slopes less than 5%. To ensure access after a future earthquake, reduce the risk of falling facades and provide open places for camps the new village layouts had houses grouped in blocks, streets over 10 metres (33\u00a0ft) wide and large squares. 12,345 people received assistance in reconstruction or repairs, which were undertaken from July 1885 to June 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0018-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Investigations and theories\nOn 7 January 1884 the Spanish government appointed a commission to study the earthquake led by the mining engineer Manuel Fern\u00e1ndez de Castro y Suero (1825\u20131895). They visited the region at once, circulated a 33-question survey, and on 12 March 1885 issued a report based in part on the survey results. They located the focus as 4 kilometres (2.5\u00a0mi) deep under the villages of Periana and Guarro. The preliminary report devoted seven pages to current theories of earthquake causes, volcanic and non-volcanic, including the internal heat of the earth, high pressure vapors and dissolution of rocks by underground waters. A further seven pages described the orography and hydrography of the provinces of Granada and  Malaga, followed by twenty-one pages on geology that described rock formations and the location and direction of the main fault line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 905]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0019-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Investigations and theories\nThe Spanish Commission estimated that 17,178 buildings were damaged, of which 4,899 were totally destroyed. 745 people had died and 1,485 had been wounded. They concluded that the earthquake was caused by the pressure of water vapor in deep underground strata, from water that had penetrated the permeable rocks above. The commission noted that atmospheric pressure had dropped markedly before the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0020-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Investigations and theories\nThe French Academy of Sciences sent another commission headed by Ferdinand Andr\u00e9 Fouqu\u00e9 (1828\u20131904), an Academy member, which prepared a long report with a map. The French commission said the atmospheric conditions were irrelevant and the earthquake was related to the region's geology.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0021-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Investigations and theories\nThe Italian Government and the Accademia dei Lincei sent the seismologists Torquato Taramelli (1845\u20131922) and  Giuseppe Mercalli (1850\u20131912), who also provided a long report on the area's geology with a map of the intensity of the shaking. Mercalli thought the earthquake was produced by the build-up of pressure in magma in a region where the crust was too strong to allow a volcanic eruption. The Italian team, with access to more information than the Spanish and French commissions, estimated there were 750 deaths and 1,554 severely wounded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0021-0001", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Investigations and theories\nAfter careful enquiries, El Defensor de Granada estimated that 828 died and 1,164 were wounded in Granada alone. The pioneering geologist Jos\u00e9 Macpherson y Hemas (1839\u20131902) explained the earthquake as having been caused by movement along the faults that bound the Tejeda / Almijara massif to the north and south. He thought the movement was due to contraction of the earth. Others thought the cause might have been the collapse of underground cavities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027334-0022-0000", "contents": "1884 Andalusian earthquake, Investigations and theories\nIn historical times the only earthquake in Spain that was larger than the 1884 earthquake was that of 1954, which also had an epicenter in Granada, although the destruction in 1954 was not as great.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027335-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Anglo Queensland FA Cup\nThe 1884 Anglo Queensland FA Cup was the first edition of the oldest soccer tournament in Australia, the Anglo Queensland FA Cup. The winners of the cup were the Rangers who defeated St Andrews 1\u20130 in the Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027335-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Anglo Queensland FA Cup, Teams\nThe Anglo Queensland FA Cup was a competition with three teams taking part in a round-robin tournament with the top two teams qualifying for the Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 35], "content_span": [36, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027335-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Anglo Queensland FA Cup, Regular season\nThe regular season was played in a round-robin tournament of three teams with two qualifying for the Final. The two teams who advanced to the Final were St Andrews and Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027336-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1884 Atlantic hurricane season was one of only three Atlantic hurricane seasons, along with 1852 and 1858, in which every known tropical cyclone attained hurricane status. Overall, four tropical cyclones developed, three of which made landfall. The first system was initially observed over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean on September\u00a01. It struck Newfoundland the following day, but impact there is unknown. On September\u00a03, the next hurricane developed, though it did not affect land in its duration. The third hurricane struck Georgia, accompanied by damaging waves in north Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027336-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe final storm was last noted on October\u00a017. These dates fall within the period with the most tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic. Only two tropical cyclones during the season existed simultaneously. The hurricane brought heavy rainfall to Jamaica, resulting in eight deaths. This storm also left damage to crops and vessels in portions of the Bahamas and Cuba. Because technologies such as satellite monitoring were not available until the 1960s, historical data on tropical cyclones from this period may not be comprehensive. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 has been estimated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027336-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nThe first storm of the season was spotted by the steamship State of Nebraska, while located about midway between Bermuda and Sable Island at 00:00\u00a0UTC on September\u00a01. Initially, sustained winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h) were observed, equivalent to a Category\u00a01 hurricane. Later on September\u00a01, the bark Engelbert lost spars and sail to the east of Sable Island. Additionally, the Naupactus encountered heavy seas and lost a portion of its deckload. Early on September\u00a02, the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm. Shortly thereafter, it made landfall in southeastern Newfoundland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027336-0002-0001", "contents": "1884 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nAccelerating northeastward, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone around 00:00\u00a0UTC on September\u00a03, while located about 460\u00a0mi (740\u00a0km) northeast of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. The extratropical remnants moved east-northeastward across the Atlantic and struck Ireland, before dissipating late on September\u00a06. This hurricane was added to HURDAT based on a study by Jose F. Partagas and Henry F. Diaz in 1996.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027336-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nAnother tropical storm was first observed by the bark Campero at 00:00\u00a0UTC on September\u00a03, while located about 850\u00a0mi (1,370\u00a0km) northeast of Cayenne, French Guiana. Moving west-northwestward, the storm intensified into a Category\u00a01 hurricane on September\u00a05. The brig Comalo was damaged by the hurricane and was leaky and dismasted upon arrival in Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. By midday on September\u00a06, the storm strengthened into a Category\u00a02 hurricane. Early the following day, the system further intensified into a Category\u00a03 hurricane while curving northeastward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027336-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nAt 12:00\u00a0UTC on September\u00a07, the storm attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 957\u00a0mbar (28.3\u00a0inHg). Early the following day, the system weakened to a Category\u00a02 hurricane. Around 00:00\u00a0UTC on September\u00a012, the storm deteriorated further to a Category\u00a01 hurricane. The next day, the hurricane began accelerating to the northeast. The steamship Marseille encountered the storm on September\u00a014 and suffered damage. By midday on September\u00a015, the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm and dissipated late on September\u00a016, while located about 575\u00a0mi (925\u00a0km) west-southwest of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027336-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nEarly on September\u00a010, the steamship City of Palatka encountered a tropical storm, while located about 90\u00a0mi (140\u00a0km) east-northeast of Cape Canaveral, Florida. Heading northwestward, the storm made landfall in a rural area of McIntosh County, Georgia at 01:00\u00a0UTC on September\u00a011, with winds of 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h). Hours later, the system weakened to a tropical depression. Late on September\u00a012, the depression re-emerged into the Atlantic Ocean and soon re-strengthened into a tropical storm. Thereafter, the storm headed southeastward and then eastward while slowly intensifying. By September\u00a014, the system turned southward and became a Category\u00a01 hurricane. It curved west-southwestward on September\u00a015, then doubled-back by the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 803]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027336-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe hurricane accelerated east-northeastward starting on September\u00a017, before turning northeastward on September\u00a018. Around 06:00\u00a0UTC, the system attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 90\u00a0mph (150\u00a0km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 979\u00a0mbar (28.9\u00a0inHg). At 00:00\u00a0UTC on September\u00a020, the hurricane transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while situated about 575\u00a0mi (925\u00a0km) east of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. Unusually high tides were reported at St. Johns, Florida, causing considerable damage to wharves and freight between September\u00a015 and September\u00a018, long after the storm moved offshore the Southeastern United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027336-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nThe final known tropical cyclone of the season was first observed in the Caribbean Sea by the steamship Cienfuegos on October\u00a07, while located about 120\u00a0mi (190\u00a0km) south-southeast of Kingston, Jamaica. That day, the storm dropped heavy rainfall on the island, resulting in at least eight fatalities. Moving north-northeastward, the system strengthened into a Category\u00a01 hurricane on October\u00a08. Early the next day, the hurricane made landfall in Cuba near modern-day Guant\u00e1namo Bay with winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h). While crossing the island, the system weakened to a tropical storm on October\u00a09. In Oriente Province, \"some heavy damage\" and several injuries were reported. Around midday on October\u00a09, the storm emerged into the Atlantic Ocean near Frank Pa\u00eds, Cuba.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 821]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027336-0008-0000", "contents": "1884 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nContinuing northward, the system became a Category\u00a01 hurricane again on October\u00a011. In the Bahamas, considerable damage was inflicted upon crops and fruit plantations. A number of shipping vessels were also lost. The brigantine Emma L. Hall, which was carrying 12,000\u00a0bushels of salt, suffered severe damage. At Grand Turk Island, the hurricane was considered the worst storm in 25\u00a0years. After moving north of the Bahamas, the storm strengthened into a Category\u00a02 hurricane on October\u00a014 and peaked with sustained winds of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h). Shortly thereafter, the hurricane curved north-northeastward and weakened to a Category\u00a01 hurricane on the next day. Further weakening occurred and the system fell to tropical storm intensity by October\u00a017. The storm was last noted about 450\u00a0mi (720\u00a0km) southeast of Bermuda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 875]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027337-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Baltimore Monumentals season\nThe 1884 Baltimore Monumentals finished with a 58\u201347 record in the Union Association, finishing in fourth place. This was the only season this version of the team existed, and indeed the only season the Union Association existed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027337-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Baltimore Monumentals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027337-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Baltimore Monumentals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027337-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Baltimore Monumentals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027337-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Baltimore Monumentals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027337-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Baltimore Monumentals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027338-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027338-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027338-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027338-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027338-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027339-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Bathurst colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Bathurst on 8 February 1884 as a result of the Legislative Assembly declaring the seats of Francis Suttor, and George Reid, were vacant as a result of a report of the Committee of Elections and Qualifications that they were incapable of being elected, or of sitting, or voting, as a member of the Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027339-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Bathurst colonial by-election, Background\nXVIII.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 53]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027339-0001-0001", "contents": "1884 Bathurst colonial by-election, Background\nAny person holding any Office of Profit under the Crown, or having a Pension from the Crown during Pleasure or for Term of Years, shall be incapable of beingelected, or of sitting or voting as a Member of the Legislative Assembly, unless he be One of the following official Members of the Government, that is to say, the Colonial Secretary, Colonial Treasurer, Auditor General, Attorney General, and Solicitor General, or One of such additional Officers, not being more than Five, as the Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council, may from Time to Time, by a notice in the Government Gazette, declare capable of being elected a Member of the said Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027339-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Bathurst colonial by-election, Background\nAdolphus Taylor argued that the Governor had already issued five proclamations prior to the appointment of Suttor and thus the appointments of Suttor and Reid to the office of Minister of Public Instruction meant they were disqualified. The Elections and Qualifications Committee agreed, declaring that both Suttor and Reid held an office of profit under the crown and they were both disqualified from holding office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027339-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Bathurst colonial by-election, Aftermath\nWhile Suttor was unopposed, Reid was defeated in the East Sydney by-election. The errors were remedied by the Constitution Act Amendment Act 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027340-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Belgian general election\nLegislative elections were held in Belgium in June and July 1884, for partial Chamber and full Senate elections respectively. Voter turnout was 79.1% in the Chamber of Representatives elections, although only 69,276 people were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027340-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Belgian general election, Background\nThe election occurred during the First School War. The incumbent Liberal government under Walth\u00e8re Fr\u00e8re-Orban aimed to secularize education, which sparked heavy protests from Catholics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027340-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Belgian general election, Background\nRegular partial elections for the Chamber of Representatives were held on Tuesday 10 June 1884, with a run-off on Tuesday 17 June. Under the alternating system, elections for the Chamber of Representatives were only held in five out of the nine provinces: Antwerp, Brabant, Luxembourg, Namur and West Flanders. Special elections were held in the arrondissements of Aalst and Sint-Niklaas, for one representative in each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027340-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Belgian general election, Background\nThe result was a large victory for the Catholic Party. The Fr\u00e8re-Orban government resigned and was succeeded by a Catholic government led by Jules Malou, which immediately abolished the Ministry of Public Education.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027340-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Belgian general election, Background\nThe Liberals however retained a majority in the Senate, which was not up for election. It was subsequently dissolved, triggering its complete re-election. Senate elections were held on Tuesday 8 July 1884, with a run-off on Tuesday 15 July. The Catholic Party won 43 of the 69 seats in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027340-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Belgian general election, Background\nThe election ended the First School War and marked the end of the last homogeneously liberal government. The Catholic Party under Jules Malou gained an absolute majority, which they would retain until the First World War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027340-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Belgian general election, Campaign\nThe Catholics gained 27 Chamber seats from the Liberals: 16 in Brussels, four in Nivelles, two in Namur, one in Philippeville, one in Antwerp, one in Ostend, one in Neufch\u00e2teau and one in Bruges. The Liberals only retained the single seats in Arlon and Virton, both in Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027341-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Birthday Honours\nThe 1884 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette in May and June 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027341-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027342-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Bolivian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Bolivia in 1884. Gregorio Pacheco of the Democratic Party received the most votes in the presidential election, whilst the Liberal Party emerged as the largest party in Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027342-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Bolivian general election\nAs no candidate received an absolute majority in the presidential election, the President was elected by Congress on 1 September. Although Pachecho's Democratic Party was the smallest faction in Congress, he was elected President by 47 votes to 29 for Liberal candidate Eliodoro Camacho after the Conservatives decided to support Pacheco. Their decision followed an agreement between Mariano Baptista of the Conservative Party and Jorge Oblitas and Casimiro Corral of the Liberal Party that Pacheco would work to support Conservative candidate Aniceto Arce in the next elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027343-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Boston Beaneaters season\nThe 1884 Boston Beaneaters season was the fourteenth season of the franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027343-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027343-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027343-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027343-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027344-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Boston Reds season\nThe 1884 Boston Reds finished with a 58\u201351 record in the Union Association, finishing in fifth place (fourth among teams that played a full schedule). This was the only season the team existed, and indeed the only season the Union Association existed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027344-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 68], "content_span": [69, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027344-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 61], "content_span": [62, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027345-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1884 saw the election of Hugh O'Brien, who unseated incumbent mayor Augustus Pearl Martin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027346-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Brooklyn Atlantics season\nThe 1884 Brooklyn Atlantics season was a season in American baseball. It was the first season in the American Association for the team, and they finished the year in ninth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027346-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Brooklyn Atlantics season\nThe Brooklyn baseball team had played as the Brooklyn Grays in the Interstate Association in 1883, where they won the championship. In 1884, Charles Byrne moved the team into the American Association, renaming them the Atlantics in tribute to the old National Association Brooklyn Atlantics team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027346-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Brooklyn Atlantics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs Scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027346-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Brooklyn Atlantics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs Scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027347-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Buffalo Bisons season\nThe 1884 Buffalo Bisons finished the season with a 64\u201347 record, good for third place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027347-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027347-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027347-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027347-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027347-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027348-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Bulgarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 27 May 1884. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 100 of the 171 seats. Voter turnout was 28.9%. Further members were elected from Eastern Rumelia between 11 and 18 May 1886, after it became part of Bulgaria in 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027349-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Butler Christians football team\nThe 1884 Butler Christians football team represented Butler University during the 1884 college football season. The team beat DePauw in the first game in the state, and lost to Wabash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027350-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Calgary municipal election\nThe 1884 Calgary municipal election was held on December 3, 1884 to elect a Mayor and four Councillors to sit on the first Calgary Town Council from December 4, 1884 to January 18, 1886 (Or possibly April 3, 1886, or possibly October 21, 1886).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027350-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Calgary municipal election, Background\nCalgary was officially incorporated as Town of Calgary under provisions of the newly passed Northwest Territories Municipal Ordinance of 1884 on November 17, 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027350-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Calgary municipal election, Background\nVoting rights were provided to any male British subject over twenty-one years of age who are assessed on the last revised assessment roll with a minimum property value of $300.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027350-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Calgary municipal election, Background\nThe election was held under Multiple non-transferable vote where each elector was able to cast a ballot for the mayor and up to four ballots for separate councillors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027350-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Calgary municipal election, Background, Length of Council Term\nThe first municipal council for the Town of Calgary was intended to sit from December 4, 1884 to January 18, 1886, however judicial interference by stipendiary magistrate Jeremiah Travis in the January 1886 election resulted in Territorial Ordinance 1-1886 \"An Ordinance Respecting Municipal Matters in the Town of Calgary\" voiding the results of the January 1886 election and declaring no council or mayor for the Town of Calgary exists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 67], "content_span": [68, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027350-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Calgary municipal election, Background, Length of Council Term\nThe City of Calgary recognizes George Murdoch as Mayor of the Town of Calgary from December 4, 1884 to October 21, 1886, which implies the City either recognizes Murdoch as the winner of the January 1886 election, or recognizes Murdoch remained Mayor until the November 1886 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 67], "content_span": [68, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027350-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Calgary municipal election, 1885 Council By-election\nSimon Jackson Hogg would resign from council effective May 20, 1885. A by-election was scheduled for June 17, 1885, and following nominations Isaac Sanford Freeze was acclaimed and installed June 10, 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027351-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Canterbury colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of Canterbury in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 19 April 1884 because of the resignation of William Pigott due to ill health.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027352-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Carcoar colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Carcoar on 21 November 1884 because of the death of Andrew Lynch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027352-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Carcoar colonial by-election, Candidates\nFitzpatrick won the show of hands however a poll was demanded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027353-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies season\nThe 1884 Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies finished with a 41\u201350 record (34\u201339 while in Chicago, 7\u201311 while in Allegheny City) in the Union Association, finishing in sixth place. This was the only season the team existed, and indeed the only season the Union Association existed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027353-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies season\nThe team moved from Chicago to Allegheny City (today a part of Pittsburgh's North Shore) after their game of August 22. The team folded completely after their game of September 18, which was about a month before the 1884 season was scheduled to be over. With the Wilmington Quicksteps also having folded on September 21, and with about a dozen games remaining to be played, for the final games of the season the two defunct teams were replaced by teams from Milwaukee and St. Paul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027353-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 90], "content_span": [91, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027353-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 83], "content_span": [84, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027353-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 88], "content_span": [89, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027353-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027353-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 86], "content_span": [87, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027354-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1884 Chicago White Stockings season was the 13th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 9th in the National League and the 7th at Lakefront Park. The White Stockings finished fifth in the National League with a record of 62\u201350. White Stocking 3rd baseman, Ned Williamson set the then major league single season home run record with 27 home runs. After hitting just 13 home runs in 1883, the White Stockings hit 142, the first time that a team had hit 100+ home runs in a season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027354-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027354-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027354-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027354-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027355-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Cincinnati Outlaw Reds season\nThe 1884 Cincinnati Outlaw Reds finished with a 69\u201336 record in the Union Association, finishing in third place (second among teams that played a full schedule). This was the only season the team existed, and indeed the only season the Union Association existed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027355-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Cincinnati Outlaw Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027355-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Cincinnati Outlaw Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027355-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Cincinnati Outlaw Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027355-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Cincinnati Outlaw Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027355-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Cincinnati Outlaw Reds season, Postseason\nThe Outlaw Reds played a postseason series against the first place team in the UA, the St. Louis Maroons. The Outlaw Reds managed just four wins in sixteen games against the league champs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027356-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Cincinnati Red Stockings season\nThe 1884 Cincinnati Red Stockings season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fifth in the American Association with a record of 68\u201341, 8 games behind the New York Metropolitans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027356-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nThe Red Stockings were looking to return to their 1882 form, when they won the American Association pennant before falling to third place in 1883. The club named pitcher Will White the player-manager for the 1884 season, taking over for catcher Pop Snyder. Cincinnati was relatively quiet during the off-season, although they did sign Tom Mansell, who had split the previous season between the Detroit Wolverines of the National League, and the St. Louis Browns of the AA, hitting .305 with 34 RBI and 45 runs between those two teams. The club also moved into American Park for the 1884 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027356-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nJohn Reilly was the offensive force on the team, hitting .339 with eleven home runs and 91 RBI, all club highs. Charley Jones hit .314 with seven home runs and 71 RBI, along with a team high 117 runs. On the mound, White led the way with a 34\u201318 record and a 3.32 ERA in 52 starts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027356-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season, Season summary\nCincinnati got off to a slow start, as they lost their first game in their new ballpark, 10\u20139 to the Columbus Buckeyes, and they had a record of 4\u20135 in their first nine games, before reeling off four wins in a row to stay above the .500 level for the rest of the season. The Red Stockings got red hot, as they eventually had a 28\u201314 record, only one game out of first place. In a three-game series against the Washington Nationals, the Red Stockings outscored their opposition 48\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 68], "content_span": [69, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027356-0003-0001", "contents": "1884 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season, Season summary\nCincinnati started to fade as the season continued on, and with their record at 44\u201327 changed managers, bringing Pop Snyder back as player-manager. Cincinnati continued to slump, falling to 10\u00bd games out of first place with a 52\u201335 record, but then won ten games in a row to climb back to within 4\u00bd games. It was too little too late though, as Cincinnati finished the season with a 68\u201341 record, good enough for fifth place, eight games behind the Metropolitans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 68], "content_span": [69, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027356-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 81], "content_span": [82, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027356-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027356-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027356-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 77], "content_span": [78, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027357-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Cleveland Blues season\nThe 1884 Cleveland Blues season was a season in American baseball. It involved the Blues finishing the season at 35\u201372, seventh place in the National League. After the season, the team was purchased by Charles Byrne for $10,000 and shut down, many of the players being added to Byrne's Brooklyn Grays team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027357-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027357-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027357-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027357-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027358-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Colchester earthquake\nThe Colchester earthquake, also known as the Great English earthquake, occurred on the morning of 22\u00a0April 1884 at 09:18. It caused considerable damage in Colchester and the surrounding villages in Essex. In terms of overall destruction caused it is certainly the most destructive earthquake to have hit the United Kingdom in at least the last 400\u00a0years, since the Dover Straits earthquake of 1580.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027358-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Colchester earthquake\nAt 9:18\u00a0am the earthquake struck, centred mainly in the villages of Wivenhoe, Abberton, Langenhoe, and Peldon causing the surrounding area to rise and fall violently as the waves spread, lasting for around 20 seconds. Measuring 4.6 on the Richter magnitude scale, the effects were felt across England, as well as in northern France and Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027358-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Colchester earthquake\nThe earthquake damaged about 1,250 buildings, including almost every building in Wivenhoe and Abberton, and in settlements all the way to Ipswich. The medieval church in Langenhoe was significantly damaged, as were those in the villages of Layer-de-la-Haye, Layer Marney, Layer Breton, and Peldon. In Peldon, the local newspapers claimed that every building had been damaged in some way. The Guardian reported that the earthquake was greeted with terror by the people near Colchester.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027358-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Colchester earthquake\nThere are some reports that between 3 and 5 people were killed by the earthquake, but this has been disputed by other contemporary accounts. The Times reported damage \"in the many villages in the neighbourhood from Colchester to the sea coast\", with many poor people made homeless, and estimated the cost of the disaster at \u00a310,000. It did, however, mention the death of a child at Rowhedge, attributed to the earthquake. Mary Saunders, of Manningtree, drowned herself in the River Stour some days later. The large waves caused by the earthquake destroyed many small craft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027358-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Colchester earthquake\nIt is believed that the earthquake resulted from movement along a fault in the ancient Palaeozoic rocks that underpin most of Essex, causing waves to propagate through the overlying Cretaceous and Tertiary layers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027358-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Colchester earthquake\nAs is often the case, it is not always the strongest earthquakes that cause the most damage, and the British Geological Survey estimates that the 1884 earthquake's magnitude was only around 4.6 on the Richter magnitude scale, compared with 6.1 for the 1931 Dogger Bank earthquake. Langenhoe Church was badly damaged. Masonry tumbled off the tower, crashing into the roof of the nave and chancel. The nearby rectory was also damaged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027359-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Colombian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in the United States of Colombia in 1884. The result was a victory for Rafael N\u00fa\u00f1ez of the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027359-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Colombian presidential election, Electoral system\nThe 1863 constitution changed the electoral system from a direct vote to an indirect vote. The President was now elected on the basis of which candidate received the most votes in each state, with a candidate required to win in at least five of the nine states to be elected. If no candidate received a majority, Congress would elect the President from the main contenders. Following the tensions around the 1875 elections of the electoral college, constitutional reforms in 1876 ended the staggered nature of the college elections, requiring that all electors were elected on the same day across the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027360-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Colorado gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1884. Republican nominee Benjamin Harrison Eaton defeated Democratic nominee Alva Adams with 50.74% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027361-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Columbia football team\nThe 1884 Columbia football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1884 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20131 record and was outscored by a total of 35 to 21. The team had no coach. Charles A. Stevens was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027362-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Columbus Buckeyes season\nThe 1884 Columbus Buckeyes finished with a 69\u201339 record, second place in the American Association. The team folded at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027362-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Columbus Buckeyes season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027362-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Columbus Buckeyes season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027362-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Columbus Buckeyes season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027362-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Columbus Buckeyes season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027362-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Columbus Buckeyes season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027363-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1884. Republican nominee Henry Baldwin Harrison defeated Democratic incumbent Thomas M. Waller with 48.12% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027363-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nAccording to the law at the time, if no candidate received a majority, the state legislature would choose between the top two candidates. As the legislature was controlled by Republicans, they voted for fellow Republican Harrison, even though Waller received more votes. Thus, Harrison won the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027364-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Croatian parliamentary election\nCroatian parliamentary elections were held on September 16\u201319, 1884. The People's Party emerged as the victor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027364-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Croatian parliamentary election\nAccording to the 1881 electoral law, the franchise was limited to males over 24 years of age who paid at least 15 F in taxes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027365-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Danish Folketing election\nIn the Danish Folketing election of 1884, which was held on 25 June 1884, the approximate total votes and the actual seats won were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027366-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Dartmouth football team\nThe 1884 Dartmouth football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1884 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027367-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 DePauw football team\nThe 1884 DePauw football team represented DePauw University during the 1884 college football season. The team lost the first game played in the state of Indiana to Butler by a score of 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027368-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Democratic National Convention\nIn 1884, the Democrats gathered in Chicago for their National Convention. The Democrats made Governor Grover Cleveland of New York their presidential nominee with the former Governor Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana as the vice presidential nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027368-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Democratic National Convention, Background\nThe leading candidate for the presidential nomination was New York Governor Grover Cleveland. Cleveland's reputation for good government made him a national figure. The Republican Party nominated James G. Blaine for president in 1884, although he had been implicated in a financial scandal. Many influential Republicans were outraged, thought the time had come for a national reform administration and withdrew from the convention. These Republicans were called mugwumps, and declared that they would vote for the Democratic candidate based on his integrity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027368-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Candidates\nSeven names were placed in nomination: Grover Cleveland, Thomas F. Bayard, Allen G. Thurman, Samuel J. Randall, Joseph E. McDonald, John G. Carlisle, and George Hoadly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 72], "content_span": [73, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027368-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Candidates\nThomas A. Hendricks professed that he was not a candidate for the presidential nomination. When a delegate from Illinois cast the only vote he received on the first ballot, Hendricks rose to ask this vote be withdrawn because it \"wrongly\" placed him before the convention. Nonetheless, Hendricks made an impressive showing on the second ballot but it was not enough to prevent the nomination of Cleveland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 72], "content_span": [73, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027368-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination\nHendricks, who was the 1876 Democratic vice presidential nominee, was offered the 1884 nomination and accepted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027368-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination, Withdrawn candidates\nThomas A. Hendricks of Indiana was overwhelming nominated as the Democratic vice-presidential candidate after the names of John C. Black, George W. Glick, Joseph E. McDonald, and William Rosecrans were withdrawn from consideration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 87], "content_span": [88, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027369-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Detroit Wolverines season\nThe 1884 Detroit Wolverines finished the season with a 28\u201384 record, finishing in last place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027369-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027369-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027370-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Dominion Championship\nThe 1884 Rugby Football Championship of the Dominion was a Canadian football game that determined the Senior Rugby Football champion of Canada for the 1884 season. The game was played on Thanksgiving Day on November 6, 1884 on the University lawn at the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario. The Quebec Rugby Football Union (QRFU) champion Montreal Football Club defeated the Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) champion Toronto Football Club with a 30\u20130 victory in the first ever game to decide a national champion, as directed by the Canadian Rugby Football Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027370-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Dominion Championship, Background\nThe QRFU and the ORFU had been formed in 1883 to organize play in their provincial jurisdictions. In the following year, on February 7, 1884, the Canadian Rugby Football Union was formed to provide a regulatory body for Rugby Football in Canada along with establishing a national championship game. This game was established to determine a champion between the Quebec and Ontario challenge cup champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027370-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Dominion Championship, Background, Toronto Football Club\nThe Toronto Football Club had won the ORFU Challenge Cup in 1883 and repeated as Ontario champions in 1884 after posting victories over Peterborough, University of Toronto, Hamilton, and Ottawa. The Toronto club wore maroon jerseys with white pants in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 61], "content_span": [62, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027370-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Dominion Championship, Background, Montreal Football Club\nThe Montreal Football Club had also won their provincial championship in 1883 and also repeated as champions in 1884 after defeating Britannia, Kingston, and McGill. The Montreal team wore red and black barred jerseys with white pants in this game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 62], "content_span": [63, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027370-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Dominion Championship, Game summary\nMontreal won the coin toss and elected to play down field and with the wind in the first half. The game kicked off at 3:20pm local time with Montreal establishing dominance early and moving the ball upfield to bring the ball within the Toronto ten-yard line. Unable to return a kick by Montreal's Stirling from their own end, Toronto gave up a rouge and Montreal led 1\u20130. Following the ensuing kickoff, Montreal moved the ball downfield again with Drummond returning a ball from the scrimmage past the Toronto goal line for a try (four points).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027370-0004-0001", "contents": "1884 Dominion Championship, Game summary\nThe following kick at goal, from a difficult angle, was missed by Hodgson, keeping the score 5\u20130 for Montreal. On the next series, after Toronto's failed attempt to kick the ball upfield, Montreal brought the ball back downfield and Toronto was forced to concede a rouge again. It could have been worse as Cleghorn from Montreal had actually crossed the Toronto goal line but was ruled to have received the ball from a forward pass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027370-0004-0002", "contents": "1884 Dominion Championship, Game summary\nOn the next possession, Montreal re-gained the ball with Louson running downfield then making a pass to Cleghorn who ran across the Toronto line for a try. Stirling was successful on the kick at goal (four points), so Montreal added a total of eight points to bring the score to 14\u20130 where it remained until the end of the half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027370-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Dominion Championship, Game summary\nIn the second half, Toronto now had the wind advantage and optimism, but Aldwell muffed the ball on Montreal's kickoff. The ball was forced upfield toward Toronto's goal line until it finally crossed in the northwest corner of the field where Stirling jumped on the ball and scored the try for Montreal. Hodgson missed the long kick at goal with the wind playing a factor and the score was then 18\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027370-0005-0001", "contents": "1884 Dominion Championship, Game summary\nToronto's McCallum returned the ball near midfield, but following a scrimmage, Montreal's G. L. Cains returned the ball the other way and after passing to Cleghorn, he continued the charge. Toronto was able to get the ball back and, after a series of passes, the ball was returned to midfield by Aldwell before being tackled by Montreal's F. L. Cains. After several scrimmages in the middle of the field, Toronto kicked the ball which went directly to Montreal's Drummond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027370-0005-0002", "contents": "1884 Dominion Championship, Game summary\nIt was then placed for a kick at goal attempt by R. Campbell, who missed, and the ball was recovered by Toronto's Aldwell in goal. He attempted to kick the ball back out, but it deflected off of the goal post and was recovered in goal by Montreal's Stirling who scored the try as well as the ensuing kick conversion to bring the score to 26\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027370-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Dominion Championship, Game summary\nFollowing the kickoff, Toronto's Maclennan returned the ball downfield with McCallum effectively dribbling the ball then running with it toward Montreal's end. McCallum then drop kicked the ball into Montreal's territory, but they soon showed their dominance again. Montreal's Cleghorn brought the ball back on an effective run to midfield where it was recovered by Drummond who returned the ball all the way to Toronto's goal line where he touched down for the try. Stirling missed the kick at goal and the score became 30\u20130 where the game was called shortly thereafter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027371-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 East Coast by-election\nThe 1884 East Coast by-election was a by-election held on 16 June 1884 in the East Coast electorate during the 8th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027371-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 East Coast by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Allan McDonald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027371-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 East Coast by-election\nHe was replaced by Samuel Locke. A show of hands had preferred Rees, who said he was opposed by the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027371-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 East Coast by-election\nRees subsequently accused Locke of \"corrupt practices\" during the by-election. Michael Gannon decided to stand for the Bay of Islands in the 1884 election (general election) held on 22 July, and came second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027372-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 East Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Sydney on 29 February 1884 as a result of the Legislative Assembly declaring the seats of Francis Suttor, and George Reid, were vacant as a result of a report of the Committee of Elections and Qualifications that they were incapable of being elected, or of sitting, or voting, as a member of the Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027372-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 East Sydney colonial by-election\nXVIII.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 44]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027372-0001-0001", "contents": "1884 East Sydney colonial by-election\nAny person holding any Office of Profit under the Crown, or having a Pension from the Crown during Pleasure or for Term of Years, shall be incapable of being elected, or of sitting or voting as a Member of the Legislative Assembly, unless he be One of the following official Members of the Government, that is to say, the Colonial Secretary, Colonial Treasurer, Auditor General, Attorney General, and Solicitor General, or One of such additional Officers, not being more than Five, as the Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council, may from Time to Time, by a notice in the Government Gazette, declare capable of being elected a Member of the said Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027372-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 East Sydney colonial by-election\nAdolphus Taylor argued that the Governor had already issued five proclamations prior to the appointment of Suttor and thus the appointments of Suttor and Reid to the office of Minister of Public Instruction meant they were disqualified. The Elections and Qualifications Committee agreed, declaring that both Suttor and Reid held an office of profit under the crown and they were both disqualified from holding office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027372-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 East Sydney colonial by-election\nThe Protection and Political Reform League had intended to nominate Richard Luscombe, however he was withheld to avoid splitting the protectionist vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027372-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 East Sydney colonial by-election, Aftermath\nWhile Reid was defeated, Suttor was unopposed in the Bathurst by-election. The errors were remedied by the Constitution Act Amendment Act 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027372-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 East Sydney colonial by-election, Aftermath\nReid did not regain a seat in Parliament until the October 1885 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027373-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 English cricket season\n1884 was the 98th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). Australia toured England to compete for the Ashes. It was the seventh test series between the two sides. Fred Spofforth, an overseas bowler, took the most wickets, but England avenged its loss to the touring Australians in 1882 winning 1 test to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027373-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 English cricket season, Champion County, Playing record (by county)\nDerbyshire's ignominy of losing every game has been repeated since in county cricket only by the same club in 1920.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027373-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed. The match between Lancashire and Gloucestershire scheduled for 24 to 26 July was abandoned on the announcement of the death of Mrs Grace, mother of WG and EM Grace. It is shown as a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final\nThe 1884 FA Cup Final was a football match between Blackburn Rovers and Queen's Park contested on 29 March 1884 at the Kennington Oval. It was the showpiece match of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup), it was the 13th Cup final. It was the first time that a Scottish team reached the final of the tournament, with Queen's Park knocking out the previous holders of the trophy en route.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final\nBoth teams received protests from the defeated teams following the semi-final matches, but each were turned down by the Football Association. By the time the match was played, Queen's Park had already been awarded the Scottish Cup after Vale of Leven declined to participate in the final. Prior to the match there were temporary stands built at the Oval as the Pavilion was reserved for members of the Surrey County Cricket Club. There was a record breaking attendance at the match, with between 10,000 and 12,000 fans attending making it the most attended match in London; special trains were laid on by the railways to transport spectators from Lancashire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final\nThe final coincided with a Scotland v Wales international match which took place in Glasgow on the same day, with the many Scottish internationals in the Queen's Park team opting play for their club team rather than their country. In the event, Scotland won the international comfortably by a scoreline of 4 goals to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final\nDespite Queen's Park entering the match as favourites, it was Blackburn Rovers who won the game by two goals to one with goals from Jimmy Douglas and Jimmy Forrest; Robert M Christie scored for Queen's Park. The Scottish team had a goal disallowed during play, and the referee later said that they had scored once more but as the players did not attempt to claim it, he had not bothered to award it. The two teams met once more in the final of the following FA Cup final in 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Queen's Park\nQueen's Park were invited to compete in the 1883\u201384 FA Cup, despite being from Scotland. They had previously been invited on several occasions from the 1871\u201372 competition onwards, but ultimately withdrew on each occasion. Their most successful runs had been in both 1871\u201372 and 1872\u201373 when they reached the semi-final each time before withdrawing. On each occasion since, they had withdrawn from the cup without playing any matches. Queen's 1883\u201384 FA Cup campaign began on 6 October 1883 with a 10\u20130 victory over Crewe Alexandra in the first round in front of a crowd of 2,000 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 51], "content_span": [52, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0004-0001", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Queen's Park\nThe second round saw their first home game, and a 15\u20130 victory against Manchester F.C. on 1 December. It was the first time that an English cup match had been played in Scotland, and drew 6,000 fans. However the match was a one-sided affair, with Queen's Park dominating throughout to the extent that their goalkeeper was never required to handle the ball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 51], "content_span": [52, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Queen's Park\nThey defeated the Welsh team from Oswestry in the third round, 7\u20131. They were drawn at home against Aston Villa in the fourth round, but the match was called into doubt when it was scheduled to take place on the same date and location as Queen's Park's match against Hibernian F.C. in the Scottish Cup. But Queen's and their Scottish opponents agreed to postpone the match for two weeks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 51], "content_span": [52, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0005-0001", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Queen's Park\nThere was a great deal of interest by the spectators from Birmingham, and three special trains were laid on to transport them to Glasgow for the game with more than 1200 of them travelling north of the border. Around 10,000 fans filled the ground where they watched Queen's Park defeat Aston Villa 6\u20131. The fifth round was their lowest scoring game of the campaign, where they won away to Old Westminsters 1\u20130 at the Kennington Oval in London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 51], "content_span": [52, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0005-0002", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Queen's Park\nIn the semi-final they defeated Blackburn Olympic 4\u20131 to set up a final against the other Blackburn-based team; the match was played at a neutral venue in Nottingham. Olympic subsequently complained to The Football Association as the crowd invaded the pitch to cause disruption for their team; the complaint was not upheld.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 51], "content_span": [52, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Blackburn Rovers\nBlackburn Rovers also started their campaign in the first round, where they won their first game at home against Southport Central 7\u20131. The second round saw them drawn away to South Shore at Blackpool resulting in a further victory by a margin of 7\u20130. They defeated Padiham 3\u20130 in the third round, once again at their home ground of Leamington Street, and in the fourth round against Staveley 5\u20131 in a match which was dominated by Rovers and in front of a crowd of 3000 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 55], "content_span": [56, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Blackburn Rovers\nRovers won once again in an away game against Upton Park at West Ham Park by a scoreline of 3\u20130 in the fifth round. The match was more competitive than the scoreline might suggest, as Blackburn were a goal down at half time but won the game after a goal by John Inglis and two by Joe Lofthouse in the second half. At Birmingham in a neutral venue, they defeated Notts County in the semi-final 1\u20130. As with Olympic against Queen's Park, Notts also complained of events that took place during their semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 55], "content_span": [56, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0007-0001", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Blackburn Rovers\nThey argued that Rovers had illegally fielded Inglis, a player from Glasgow who had played for Glasgow Rangers and was only drafted it to the Blackburn team to improve their cup performance. A letter was produced by Rovers to show that he had been expelled from Rangers because he continued to play for the English team instead. Notts wanted the match to be replayed without Inglis, but the FA did not uphold the complaint.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 55], "content_span": [56, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0008-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Pre-match\nPrior to the match, Queen's Park and Blackburn Rovers had met on three occasions; each time the game ended in a draw. Queen's went into the match as the favourites, being the most successful club in Scotland at that point and having developed a style of play involving short passing which was not in use in England. They had been awarded the Scottish Cup earlier in the season after Vale of Leven declined to participate in the final due to illnesses suffered by a number of their players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0009-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Pre-match\nBlackburn Rovers were seeking to emulate the success of rivals Blackburn Olympic, who were the current holders of the trophy, and the team that Queen's Park defeated in the semi-final. Rovers had previously reached the FA Cup final, in 1882, where they were defeated by Old Etonians. Blackburn trained during the week prior to the game by conducting practise games and going for walks. They departed for the London area by train on the day before the final; a large crowd of local supporters gathered at the train station in Blackburn to wish them well as they left. The team stayed in Richmond the night before the match and made their way into the city at lunchtime on the Saturday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0010-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Pre-match\nFor the second year in succession, special trains were laid on for the final to transport fans down from Blackburn. However, due to issues with the Olympic fans from the previous year destroying tea-rooms at stations on the route, the railway instead closed all refreshment rooms on the line on the day of the match. Additional stands were built at the Oval for the match at both the Gasometre end and on the west side, as the Pavilion was reserved for members of the Surrey County Cricket Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0011-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Match\nThe match was refereed by Major Francis Marindin of the Royal Engineers, who was also President of the Football Association. His two umpires were Charles Wollaston of Wanderers and C. Crump of the Birmingham Football Association. According to initial estimates, there were around 10,000 to 12,000 spectators, breaking previous records for attendances in London. This was unexpected, and so there was not enough staff at the stadium to prevent the crowd from rushing through the turnstiles without paying. The weather was described as \"bright and seasonable\". Queen's won the coin toss and chose to defend the gasometer end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0011-0001", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Match\nRovers kicked off, but play quickly turned in the Scottish team's favour and they made the first two attacks. The work of Inglis and Sowerbutts saw Rovers take control of the match briefly, but Queen's Park were awarded an indirect free kick for handball inside the Blackburn half. The ball was shot straight into the Blackburn net without touching another player, and so no goal was awarded. Rovers quickly gained a corner kick but failed to score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0012-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Match\nQueen's went on the attack once again, with Christie going on a run but losing possession to Hargreaves. After around 30 minutes of play, Hargreaves passed the ball to his teammate Douglas who went on to score Rovers' first goal. Queen's Park then committed the second handball of the game, giving Rovers a free kick. Brown took the ball up the wing, and centred it towards Forrest, who turned the ball into the back of the Queen's Park goal and put Blackburn two ahead. In response, Queen's Park's attacks on the Blackburn defence increased, and they scored through Christie before half time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0013-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Match\nQueen's Park took the advantage early on in the second half, and a series of rapid attacks followed the break. The Scottish team were only prevented from scoring in one goal mouth scramble by the teamwork of Arthur and Suter. Rovers appeared to have switched to a defensive posture, and conceded a further corner kick, but nothing came of it as Gow kicked it behind the goal. A further handball just inside the Queen's Park half resulted in a solitary attack for Blackburn, ending in Brown sending the ball over the crossbar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0013-0001", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Match\nFurther attacks Queen's Park followed, but one further attack from Blackburn led to a shot from Brown which many in the crowd thought crossed the line before Gillespie cleared it. Blackburn dominated the final five minutes of the game, and the match ended 2\u20131; all three goals were scored in the first half. The medals and trophy had been expected to be awarded by Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, however due to his death on the day before the final, they were not presented publicly. Instead, Major Marindin handed them over in the dressing rooms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0014-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nFollowing the match, the referee admitted that at one point during the game the ball had passed the Blackburn goal line, but as Queen's Park did not attempt to claim the goal, it was not awarded. Queen's Park would ultimately become the only Scottish club to reach the final of the FA Cup, although they returned the following year where they again faced Blackburn Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027374-0015-0000", "contents": "1884 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nFollowing their victory in the FA Cup final, Blackburn Rovers played Blackburn Olympic in the final of the Lancashire Association Cup where Rovers won once again 2\u20131. The 1884 FA Cup was the first of a winning streak for Rovers, with the team retaining the trophy for the following two seasons, by first defeating Queen's Park again in 1885 and then West Bromwich Albion following a replay in 1886. This run was ended in the second round of the 1886-87 FA Cup when Rovers played another Scottish team, Renton. After an initial 2\u20132 draw played at Queen's Park's ground at Hampden Park, Renton were victorious in the replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027375-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Florida gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 Florida gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1884. Democratic nominee Edward A. Perry defeated Republican nominee Frank W. Pope with 53.53% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027376-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 German federal election\nFederal elections were held in Germany on 28 October 1884. The Centre Party remained the largest party in the Reichstag, with 99 of the 397 seats. Voter turnout was 60.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027377-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Grand National\nThe 1884 Grand National was the 46th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 28 March 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027377-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Grand National, Finishing order\nNote: In the 1880s the only official return was for the first, second, and third-placed horses. The lower finishing order listed is taken from the dedicated sports newspaper, Bell's Life, which published a more detailed account of the race than the syndicated report which appeared in most regional newspapers. However, the finishing positions from fourth must be regarded as unofficial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027378-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Greenback National Convention\nThe 1884 Greenback Party National Convention assembled in English's Opera House in Indianapolis, Indiana. Delegates from 28 states and the District of Columbia were in attendance. The convention nominated Benjamin F. Butler for president over Party Chairman Jesse Harper on the first ballot. Absolom M. West was nominated unanimously for vice-president, and subsequently was also endorsed by the Anti- Monopoly Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027378-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Greenback National Convention\nButler had initially hoped to form a number of fusion slates with the \"minority party\" in each state, Democratic or Republican, and for his supporters of various parties to come together under a single \"People's Party\". Many in the two major parties however, while maybe agreeing with Butler's message and platform, were unwilling to place their support beyond the party line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027378-0001-0001", "contents": "1884 Greenback National Convention\nIn a number of places, Iowa in particular, fusion slates were nominated; essentially, Butler's and Cleveland's votes would both be added together for the total vote of the fusion slate, allowing them to carry the state even if neither were to carry a plurality, with the electoral vote being divided according to the percentage of the vote each party net.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027378-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Greenback National Convention\nEven if Fusion were carried out in every state in which it were considered possible (Indiana, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Illinois), it would not have changed the end result, none of the states flipping from Blaine to Cleveland, with Butler winning a single electoral vote from Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027379-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Gundagai colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Gundagai on 21 November 1884 because of the resignation of Bruce Smith, to return to Melbourne to run his father's business, WM Howard Smith and Sons Ltd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027379-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Gundagai colonial by-election, Candidates\nWant won the show of hands however a poll was demanded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027380-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1884 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1884 college football season. They finished with a 7\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027380-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Harvard Crimson football team\nOn November 15, Harvard lost to Princeton by a 36\u20136 score before 3,000 spectators at Jarvis Field in Cambridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027380-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Harvard Crimson football team\nOn November 22, Harvard lost to Yale by a 51\u20130 score before 2,400 spectators at the new athletic grounds in New Haven. The game was played in two halves of 45 minutes with a 15-minute intermission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship\nThe 1884 Home Nations Championship was the second series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Six matches were played between 5 January and 12 April 1884. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship\nEngland won the championship for the second consecutive season and in beating the other three nations won the Triple Crown for the second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship\nThis Championship was most notable for a dispute arising from the game between England and Scotland, when the winning English try was disputed by the Scottish. The teams disagreed with the interpretation of a knock-on law from which England's Richard Kingsley scored and Scotland were told to accept the decision, and their request for adjudication was denied by England. The bitter feelings caused by this situation resulted in the creation of the International Rugby Board in 1886, to create an accepted body of rules that all members would agree to.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Matches, England v Wales\nEngland: HB Tristram (Oxford University), CG Wade (Oxford University), CE Chapman (Cambridge University), WN Bolton (Blackheath), A Rotherham (Oxford University), HT Twynam (Richmond), JT Hunt (Manchester), CS Wooldridge (Blackheath), CJB Marriott (Cambridge University), Herbert Fuller (Cambridge University), EL Strong (Oxford University), WM Tatham (Oxford University), RSF Henderson (Blackheath), Charles Gurdon (Richmond), ET Gurdon (Richmond) capt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Matches, England v Wales\nWales: Charles Lewis (Llandovery College), Charles Peter Allen (Oxford University), William Norton (Cardiff), Charles Taylor (Ruabon), Charlie Newman (Newport) capt., William Gwynn (Swansea), William David Phillips (Cardiff), John Sidney Smith (Cardiff), Joe Simpson (Cardiff) Tom Clapp (Newport), Bob Gould (Newport), Horace Lyne (Newport), Frederick Margrave (Llanelli), Fred Andrews (Swansea), George Morris (Swansea)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Matches, England v Wales\nThis game was the first rugby union international game to be played in Yorkshire and the third game between the two countries. Although Wales lost the game by two tries, the result was a vast improvement on their prior two meetings, with Wales scoring their first try against England. The try came from English-born Charles Peter Allen, and was converted by Charles Lewis who was also the vice-president of the Welsh Rugby Union. The English play was dominated by Wade and Bolton, continuing their strong play from the previous Championship; Wade scored a try while Rotherham's score was set up after a 75-yard run from Bolton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Matches, Wales v Scotland\nWales: Charles Lewis (Llandovery College), Charles Peter Allen (Oxford University), William Norton (Cardiff), Charles Taylor (Ruabon), Charlie Newman (Newport) capt., William Gwynn (Swansea), William David Phillips (Cardiff), Thomas Baker Jones (Newport), Joe Simpson (Cardiff) Tom Clapp (Newport), Bob Gould (Newport), Horace Lyne (Newport), Frederick Margrave (Llanelli), Fred Andrews (Swansea), George Morris (Swansea)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0008-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Matches, Wales v Scotland\nScotland: JP Veitch (Royal HSFP), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish) capt., DJ Macfarlan (London Scottish), George Campbell Lindsay (Fettesian-Lorettonians), Andrew Ramsay Don-Wauchope (Fettesian-Lorettonians), AGG Asher (Oxford University), T Ainslie (Edinburgh Inst FP), JB Brown (Glasgow Acads), John Jamieson (West of Scotland), R Maitland (Edinburgh Inst FP), William Peterkin (Edinburgh University), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads), D. Somerville (Edinburgh Inst FP), J Tod (Watsonians), WA Walls (Glasgow Acads)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0009-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Matches, Wales v Scotland\nThe second meeting between the two teams resulted in another Scottish win. Both Scottish scores in this game were disputed by Wales, but this was a common occurrence. Welsh player William Gwynn took the ball over the line, but instead of touching down for a try he looked for support and was tackled. All three officials at the game were officials from three different rugby unions; the referee was James MacLaren, President of the RFU and the umpires were Richard Mullock, secretary of the WRU and JA Gardener, secretary of the SRU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0010-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Matches, Ireland v England\nIreland: JWR Morrow (Queen's College, Belfast), RE McLean (NIFC), RH Scovell (Dublin University), DJ Ross (Belfast Albion), M Johnston (Dublin University), WW Higgins (NIFC), SAM Bruce (NIFC), FH Levis (Wanderers), HM Brabazon (Dublin University), DF Moore (Wanderers), JBW Buchanan (Dublin University), JA McDonald (Methodist College, Belfast) capt., RW Hughes (NIFC), WG Rutherford (Tipperary), OS Stokes (Cork Bankers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0011-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Matches, Ireland v England\nEngland: CH Sample (Cambridge University), Herbert Fallas (Wakefield Trinity), H Wigglesworth (Thornes), WN Bolton (Blackheath), JH Payne (Broughton), HT Twynam (Richmond), GT Thomson (Halifax), CS Wooldridge (Blackheath), CJB Marriott (Cambridge University), A Teggin (Broughton), EL Strong (Oxford University), WM Tatham (Oxford University), H Bell (New Brighton), A Wood (Halifax), ET Gurdon (Richmond) capt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0012-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Matches, Scotland v Ireland\nScotland: JP Veitch (Royal HSFP), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish) capt., DJ Macfarlan (London Scottish), ET Roland (Edinburgh Wanderers), Andrew Ramsay Don-Wauchope (Fettesian-Lorettonians), AGG Asher (Oxford University), Thomas Ainslie (Edinburgh Inst FP), JB Brown (Glasgow Acads), John Jamieson (West of Scotland), D McCowan (West of Scotland), William Peterkin (Edinburgh University), Charles Reid (Edinburgh Acads), CW Berry (Fettesian-Lorettonians), J Tod (Watsonians), WA Walls (Glasgow Acads)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0013-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Matches, Scotland v Ireland\nIreland: JM O'Sullivan (Limerick), RE McLean (NIFC), GH Wheeler (Queen's College, Belfast), LM MacIntosh (Dublin University), M Johnston (Dublin University), WW Higgins (NIFC), W Kelly (Wanderers), THM Hobbs (Dublin University), A Gordon (Dublin University), JF Maguire (Cork), JBW Buchanan (Dublin University), JA McDonald (Methodist College, Belfast) capt., RW Hughes (NIFC), WG Rutherford (Lansdowne), J Johnston (NIFC)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0014-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Matches, England v Scotland\nEngland: HB Tristram (Oxford University), CG Wade (Oxford University), Arthur Evanson (Richmond), WN Bolton (Blackheath), A Rotherham (Oxford University), HT Twynam (Richmond), GT Thomson (Halifax), CS Wooldridge (Blackheath), CJB Marriott (Cambridge University), RS Kindersley (Oxford University), EL Strong (Oxford University), WM Tatham (Oxford University), RSF Henderson (Blackheath), Charles Gurdon (Richmond), ET Gurdon (Richmond) (capt.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0015-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Matches, England v Scotland\nScotland: JP Veitch (Royal HSFP), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish) capt., DJ Macfarlan (London Scottish), ET Roland (Edinburgh Wanderers), Andrew Ramsay Don-Wauchope (Fettesian-Lorettonians), AGG Asher (Oxford University), T Ainslie (Edinburgh Inst FP), JB Brown (Glasgow Acads), John Jamieson (West of Scotland), D McCowan (West of Scotland), William Peterkin (Edinburgh University), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads), CW Berry (Fettesian-Lorettonians), J Tod (Watsonians), WA Walls (Glasgow Acads)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0016-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Matches, Wales v Ireland\nWales: Tom Barlow (Cardiff), Frank Hancock (Cardiff), William Norton (Cardiff), Charles Taylor (Ruabon), William Stadden (Cardiff), William Gwynn (Swansea), William David Phillips (Cardiff), John Sidney Smith (Cardiff), Joe Simpson (Cardiff) capt., Tom Clapp (Newport), Bob Gould (Newport), Horace Lyne (Newport), Buckley Roderick (Llanelli), Samuel Goldsworthy (Swansea), John Hinton (Cardiff)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0017-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Matches, Wales v Ireland\nIreland: JWR Morrow (Queen's College, Belfast), Charles Jordan (Newport), J Pedlaw (Bessbrook), Henry Spunner (Wanderers), AJ Hamilton (Lansdowne), HG Cook (Lansdowne), DF Moore (Wanderers) capt., FW Moore (Wanderers), JM Kennedy (Wanderers), WS Collis (Wanderers), J Fitzgerald (Wanderers), W Hallaran, Lambert Moyers (Dublin Uni. ), WE Johnston (Dublin Uni. ), Harry McDaniel (Newport)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027381-0018-0000", "contents": "1884 Home Nations Championship, Matches, Wales v Ireland\nWhen Ireland arrived in Wales for the 1884 encounter they were two players short. To allow the game to take place, uncapped substitute Welsh players were provided. Charles Jordan and Harry McDaniel, both of Newport RFC, took to the field as Ireland players, though contemporary reports continued to list the original chosen Irish players: Ernest Greene and Robert Gibson Warren.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027382-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Hungarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Hungary between 13 and 22 June 1884. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 234 of the 413 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027383-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Illinois gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 Illinois gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027383-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Illinois gubernatorial election\nRepublican nominee Richard J. Oglesby defeated Democratic nominee Carter Harrison Sr. with 49.63% of the vote. Oglesby's victory was the eighth consecutive victory for the Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027383-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Illinois gubernatorial election\nRepublican John C. Smith was elected Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. At this time in Illinois history, the Lieutenant Governor was elected on a separate ballot from the governor. This would remain so until the 1970 constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027383-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Illinois gubernatorial election, Bibliography\nThis Illinois elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027384-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Indiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1884. Democratic former Governor Isaac P. Gray defeated Republican nominee William H. Calkins with 49.51% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027385-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Indianapolis Hoosiers season\nThe 1884 Indianapolis Hoosiers baseball team finished with a 29\u201378 record, 12th place in the American Association. This was the only season the team was in operation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027385-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027385-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027385-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027385-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027386-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1884 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 26 November 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027386-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Invercargill mayoral election\nGeorge Froggatt was elected mayor for the first time. His opponent, David Roche, would be elected mayor two years later in 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027387-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Jamaican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Jamaica in September 1884. Eight of the nine constituencies were contested, with only the candidate in St Mary & St Ann returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027387-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Jamaican general election, Background\nIn 1866 the Jamaican House of Assembly had been abolished during disturbances on the island following the Morant Bay rebellion. Since then, the legislative functions of the Assembly had been used by a Council appointed by the Governor. In April 1884 a conference was at the Westminster Palace Hotel, which resulted in the re-establishment of an elected Assembly. The new Assembly would consist of nine elected members and six appointed members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027388-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Kaiapoi by-election\nThe 1884 Kaiapoi by-election was a by-election held on 16 May 1884 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of Kaiapoi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027388-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Kaiapoi by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Isaac Wilson on 7 April 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027388-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Kaiapoi by-election\nThe by-election was won by Edward Richardson, who was unopposed (although earlier J. Lowthian Wilson had considered to stand).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027389-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1884. Republican nominee John Martin defeated Democratic incumbent George Washington Glick with 55.34% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027390-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1884 Kentucky Derby was the 10th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 16, 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027391-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Lafayette football team\nThe 1884 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1884 college football season. Playing without a regular coach, the team compiled a 2\u20135 record and was outscored by a total of 261 to 88. Lewis Frey was the team captain, and F. Drake was the manager. The team played its home games on The Quad in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027391-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Lafayette football team\nOn October 29, 1884, Lafayette lost to Princeton by a 140\u20130 score. Princeton's 140 points was the highest score achieved by a team in the history of the sport to that time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027392-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Lehigh football team\nThe 1884 Lehigh football team represented Lehigh University in the 1884 college football season. The team finished with an overall record of 0\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027393-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Tuesday 1 November 1884. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027393-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 1, Everton, 21 November 1884\nCaused by the resignation of Councillor Robert Galloway (Conservative, Everton, elected 1 November 1882).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 84], "content_span": [85, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027394-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Louisiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 Louisiana gubernatorial election was the second election to take place under the Louisiana Constitution of 1879. As a result of this election Samuel D. McEnery was re-elected Governor of Louisiana. The election saw widespread intimidation of African-Americans which guaranteed the election of the Democratic nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027395-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Louisville Eclipse season\nThe 1884 Louisville Eclipse season was a season in American baseball. The team finished with a 68\u201340 record, third place in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027395-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Louisville Eclipse season\nThere has been some debate over whom the manager of this club was, with some sources listing the club's starting second baseman, Joe Gerhardt, as manager for at least part of the year, with others crediting team official Mike Walsh with either all or part of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027395-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Louisville Eclipse season\nGuy Hecker started 75 games for the Eclipse in 1884 and won the American Association Pitching Triple Crown by leading the league in wins, with 52, strikeouts, with 385, and earned run average with 1.80.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027395-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027395-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027395-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027395-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027396-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1884 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1884 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 1\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027397-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 4. Incumbent Republican Governor George D. Robinson was re-elected to a second term in office over Democrat William Crowninshield Endicott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027398-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 105th Massachusetts General Court was convened in 1884. It sat Watson F. Hammond, the first American Indian to be elected to the Great and General Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027399-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Men's Tennis tour\nThe 1884 Men's tennis tour was the eighth annual tennis tour, consisting of 55 tournaments it began at the beginning of the year in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and ended 21 December in Melbourne, Australia..", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027399-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Men's Tennis tour, Summary of tour\nHerbert Lawford wins the Irish Lawn Tennis Championships at his 3rd attempt in Dublin defeating Ernest Renshaw in straight sets. William Renshaw a fourth consecutive Wimbledon Championship. Former Wimbledon champion Donald Stewart wins the Northern Championship in Liverpool against Herbert Wilberforce. In America Richard Sears collects a fourth successive US National Championship beating Howard Taylor in straight sets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027399-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Men's Tennis tour, Summary of tour\nThe title leader this season was Charles Walder Grinstead winning 5 tournaments from 5 finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027399-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 1: Challenge Round: the final round of a tournament, in which the winner of a single-elimination phase faces the previous year's champion, who plays only that one match. The challenge round was used in the early history of tennis (from 1877 through 1921), in some tournaments not all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027399-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 2:Tournaments in italics were events that were staged only once that season", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027400-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Mexican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Mexico in 1884. The result of the presidential election was a victory for Porfirio D\u00edaz, who received 98.8% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1884 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1884 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20130 record and outscored its opponents by a combined score of 36 to 10. The team captain was Horace Greely Prettyman. Prettyman played a record eight years on the Michigan Wolverines football team between 1882 and 1890. The team's manager and starting center was Henry Killilea. Killilea was one of the five men who founded baseball's American League as a major league in 1899. He also owned the Boston Red Sox from 1903 until 1904. Quarterback Thomas H. McNeil went on to become the 30th Grand Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nIn early October 1884, The Michigan Argonaut (a University of Michigan weekly newspaper) wrote that prospects looked good for Michigan's rugby team. (The game of American football was evolving in 1884 and was sometimes referred to as rugby and sometimes as football.) The Argonaut noted that many students were gathering daily at the northeast corner of campus to practice for the fall games. With several key players returning, including Olcott, Prettyman, and Killilea, and many new prospects, the paper concluded \"there is no reason why an eleven cannot be made up which will equal any Rugby team the University ever had.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nThe football team was managed by the university's Rugby Association. In early October, the Association met and elected Edward Adolphus Rosenthal as the president, Frank G. Higgins as the vice president, Ross L'Estrange Mahon as the treasurer, Edward Lester Dorn as the corresponding secretary, and James S. Skinner as the recording secretary. Henry Killilea was appointed as the manager. At a meeting held on the Tuesday before the Chicago game, Horace Greely Prettyman was elected as the team's captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nIn late October and early November, The Chronicle urged \"every student who takes an interest in Rugby\" to participate in the \"scrub\" or \"practice\" games or to try their hand at umpiring. Several lines above the notice about the scrub game, the introduction of a new technology was rumored: \"There is rumor of the introduction of incandescent lights into Ann Arbor.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nDuring the first week of November, the Albion College team invited the Michigan eleven to play a game at Albion on November 7. The team was unable to accept the invitation because the required permission from the faculty could not be secured. The Chronicle expressed its hope that a game with Albion could be arranged. Such a game was arranged for the following week in Ann Arbor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nThe 1884 football team played its first game on November 15, 1884, against the team from Albion College. The game was the first meeting between the two programs. As Albion was the only other college in Michigan at that time with a football program, Michigan played Albion on a regular basis. The two programs played 16 games between 1884 and 1905, with Michigan winning 15 of those games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nMichigan won the inaugural game by a score of 18\u20130 in a match that was limited to a single inning. Michigan's 18 points were scored on three goals. The Chronicle (a weekly newspaper at the University of Michigan) wrote: \"The Albion team was only recently organized, but nevertheless did some good playing. They proved themselves a gentlemanly set of fellows, and expressed their satisfaction at the treatment received.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nThe game was played at the Ann Arbor Fairgrounds and was part of university's annual field day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0007-0001", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nThe program for the field day included a ten-mile walk,  three-mile walk, \u201ccollar and elbow,\u201d standing long jump, half mile run, \u201chop, step and jump,\u201d heavyweight boxing (won by Higgins), tug-of-war, Indian club swinging (won by W. J. Olcott), hammer throw, \"catch-as-catch-can wrestling,\" \"passing rugby ball\" (won by Thomas H. McNeil with a distance of 116 feet), drop-kick, 100 yard dash, sprint exhibition by Michigan's national collegiate sprint champion Fred N. Bonine, baseball throwing, \u201cchasing greased pig,\u201d obstruction race, lawn tennis,  and the rugby game at 4:15\u00a0pm", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0008-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nThe Detroit Free Press wrote that \"[t]he game of Rugby between the University and Albion College [was] for the championship of Michigan.\" The Free Press wrote that growing interest in the new game was creating a market for weights in Ann Arbor stores:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0009-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\n\"As a result of the field-day Rugby games a new invasion of villainous looking Indians clubs and weighty dumb bells occupies a conspicuous place in nearly all the stores resorted to by students. It is no uncommon thing to see a sprig of youth walk calmly into a store and come out again in a few minutes lugging a pair of dumb bells having enough iron to last a foundry a week; and he never fails to take his way homeward through the principal streets.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0010-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nThe Michigan team that played in the Albion game consisted of Prettyman, Brock, Wilson, Killilea, Goss, Dorn and Duff as \"rushers\"; McNeil as quarterback; Olcott and Jaycock as halfbacks; and Duffy as goalkeeper. Frank G. Higgins was reportedly \"severely injured\" in the game. The Chronicle reported a week later that Higgins \"has been unable to attend lectures and can barely get out of his room by the aid of a crutch.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0011-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Chicago\nOn November 22, 1884, Michigan played its second and final game of the  season, an 18\u201310 victory over a Chicago city team reportedly \"composed of business men.\" The Chronicle reported that the Chicago city team was \"made up almost wholly of Englishmen who learned to kick shins at the English public schools.\" The game began at 2:15\u00a0pm and was played before 200 spectators at the Ann Arbor Fairgrounds. In the first inning of play (the halves were referred to as \"innings\"), Goss scored a quick touchdown for Michigan, but Duffy missed the kick for goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0011-0001", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Chicago\nThe game was played according to \"American college rules\" which put the Chicago team (nine of whom were Englishmen) at a disadvantage due its practice of playing under the English rugby rules. After Michigan's touchdown, the game was paused briefly to allow the Chicago team to receive instruction on the American rules. After the break, Chicago scored a touchdown and kicked the goal to take a 6\u20134 lead. Michigan kicked a field goal (six points) and scored another touchdown (four points) and led 14\u20136 at the end of the first inning. In the second inning, Chicago scored a quick touchdown to narrow Michigan's lead to 14\u201310. Michigan scored a final touchdown in the second inning but missed the kick for goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0012-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Chicago\nThe Detroit Free Press called it a \"very exciting and hotly contested game,\" but the paper criticized the poor condition of the playing field: \"[I]t is due the Chicagoans to say that they played at a disadvantage on account of the unevenness of the field, which the home team were accustomed to.\" The Chicago Daily Tribune called it \"A Fine Game of Foot-Ball.\" The Chronicle wrote: \"The game was by far the finest ever witnessed in Ann Arbor and has greatly increased the interest in Rugby. Of the home team, Killilea, Olcott, Prettyman, and McNeil ought to be noticed for their fine playing.\". The Chronicle also credited Duffy with \"some good playing as goal-keeper\" against Chicago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0013-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Chicago\nMichigan's lineup against Chicago was Goss, Dorn, Duff, Prettyman, Beach, Schemm and Killilea (rushers), McNeil (quarterback), Olcott and Jaycox (halfbacks), and Duffy (goal keeper). A Michigan player, Higgins, was the umpire for Michigan. Wild was the umpire for Chicago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027401-0014-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Chicago\nKillilea was \"severely hurt\" in the game and was still carrying his arm in a sling two weeks later. He was replaced in the game by Charles E. Everett from the Class of 1887. A return game had been planned against the Chicago team for Thanksgiving Day in Chicago. However, the team did not make the trip due to the weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027402-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1884. Republican nominee Russell A. Alger defeated incumbent Josiah W. Begole, who ran on a fusion ticket, representing both the Democratic and Greenback, with 47.67% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027403-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Missouri gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1884 and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, former Confederate general John S. Marmaduke, over the Republican candidate, former Congressman David Patterson Dyer, and Populist nominee John A. Brooks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027403-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Missouri gubernatorial election\nMarmaduke died in 1887 and was replaced for the remainder of this term by Lt. Gov. Albert P. Morehouse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027404-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Monaro colonial by-election\nA by-election was held in the New South Wales state electoral district of Monaro on 18 July 1884. No poll was held as David Ryrie was the only candidate nominated. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Robert Tooth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027405-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1884 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy in the 1884 college football season. The team was the fourth intercollegiate football squad to represent the United States Naval Academy, and was the final time the school played a single-game season. The squad was captained by rusher Jim Kittrell. The team's single game was a 9 to 6 (9\u20136) defeat of rival-school Johns Hopkins. The season continued a seven-season, eight game rivalry between the Naval Academy and Johns Hopkins. It was the final season that a Naval Academy team would go unbeaten and untied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027405-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Navy Midshipmen football team, Background and prelude\nAccording to biographer C. Douglas Kroll, the first evidence of a form of football at the United States Naval Academy came in 1857, but the school's cadets lost interest in the game shortly afterward. However, it is widely believed by football researchers that the playing of intercollegiate football began in November 1869, when a player at Rutgers University challenged another player at the nearby College of New Jersey (now Princeton). The contest more closely resembled soccer, with teams scoring by kicking the ball into the opponent's net, and lacked a uniform rules structure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027405-0001-0001", "contents": "1884 Navy Midshipmen football team, Background and prelude\nThe game developed slowly; the first rules were drafted in October 1873, and only consisted of twelve guidelines. Even though the number of teams participating in the sport increased, the game was still effectively controlled by the College of New Jersey, who claimed eight national championships in ten years. Only Yale presented any form of challenge, claiming four national championships in the same time period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027405-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Navy Midshipmen football team, Background and prelude\nThe Naval Academy's first ever football team was fielded in 1879. The squad was entirely student-operated, receiving no official support from Naval Academy officials. The team was entirely funded by its members and their fellow students. The 1879 team participated in just one game, which resulted in a scoreless tie. It was played against the Baltimore Athletic Club, apparently on the Academy superintendent's cow pasture. Navy would not field a football team in 1880 or 1881, due to the lack of support from officials. When football returned to the academy in 1882, the squad was led by player-coach Vaulx Carter, and won 8\u20130 in a match with Johns Hopkins, starting the seven-year rivalry between the schools. The 1883 season resulted in Navy's first ever loss, a 2\u20130 defeat by Johns Hopkins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 854]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027405-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary, Navy 9, Johns Hopkins 6\nThe sole game of Navy's 1884 season was the annual competition against rival Johns Hopkins, the third consecutive playing of the series. In what was the final season where the rivalry was the only game of the year, Navy defeated Johns Hopkins 9\u20136. The game, played on November 27, was hosted by the Academy, likely on an unused drill or parade field. In an unusual agreement between the two schools, the contest was played entirely under rugby rules. In the first half, Hopkins scored twice, on a touchdown from Mr. Bonsall and on a two-point safety. Navy scored twice in the second half of the game, when halfback Julius Dashiell, brother of Hopkins' Paul Dashiell, kicked a five-point goal and rusher David W. Taylor scored a touchdown to secure a victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027405-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary, Navy 9, Johns Hopkins 6\nThe game was somewhat marred by one of the players suffering a broken collarbone and another spraining an ankle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027405-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Navy Midshipmen football team, Players\nThe 1884 Naval Academy team was made up of eleven players at four different positions. The squad consisted of seven rushers, one fullback, two halfbacks, and a quarterback:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027405-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath\nThe first postseason college football game was not played until 1902, with the Pasadena Tournament of Roses' establishment of the east\u2013west tournament game, later known as the Rose Bowl. The Midshipmen did not participate in their first Rose Bowl until the 1923 season, when they went 5\u20131\u20132 and tied with the Washington Huskies 14\u201314 in the match. As a result of the lack of a competition, there were no postseason games played after the 1882 season. According to statistics compiled by the National Championship Foundation, Parke Davis, and the Helms Athletic Foundation, Yale was declared the 1884 season champion. However, the Billingsley college football research center and Parke Davis also selected Princeton as the 1884 national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 807]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027405-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath\nThe 1884 win over Johns Hopkins brought the Naval Academy's overall win-loss record to positive, as well as once again giving the Midshipmen a lead over Hopkins in their rivalry. The season marked the final time a team for the Naval Academy would play a single-game season. In 1885, their schedule was expanded to three games. It also marked the final time a Navy team finished a season unbeaten and untied; the closest a squad would come was in 1926, when they went 9\u20130\u20131. Navy finished the 1880s with four winning seasons, and an overall record of 14\u201312\u20132. The school outscored their opponents 292\u2013231, and finished the 19th century with an overall record of 54\u201319\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027406-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 New Hampshire gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1884. Republican nominee Moody Currier defeated Democratic nominee John M. Hill with 50.33% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027407-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 New York Gothams season\nThe 1884 New York Gothams season was the second season of that baseball franchise, eventually known as the San Francisco Giants. The team finished in fourth place, 22 games behind the pennant-winning Providence Grays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027407-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 New York Gothams season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027407-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 New York Gothams season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027407-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 New York Gothams season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027407-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 New York Gothams season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027408-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 New York Metropolitans season\nThe 1884 New York Metropolitans finished with a 75\u201332 record, first place in the American Association. After the season, they played the National League champion Providence Grays in the 1884 World Series and lost three games to zero.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027408-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027408-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027408-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027408-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 New York Metropolitans season, The World Series of 1884\nProvidence Grays (NL) (84\u201328) vs New York Metropolitans (AA) (75\u201332)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027409-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 New York state election\nThe 1884 New York state election was held on November 4, 1884, to elect two judges of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027409-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 New York state election, History\nIn 1884, the terms of the only two remaining original judges of the re-organized Court of Appeals expired. These were the only state officers to be elected statewide this year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027409-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on June 18 at Saratoga, New York. William E. Smith, of Clinton County, was Temporary Chairman and President. Democrat Charles A. Rapallo and Republican Charles Andrews were nominated for judges after a viva voce vote almost unanimously, thus endorsing the resolution of the Republican convention that \"the Court of Appeals should be removed from politics.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027409-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 New York state election, History\nThe Greenback-Labor state convention met on August 30 at Masonic Hall in New York City. H. Alden Spencer was Temporary Chairman until the choice of George O. Jones as President. Prof. Isaac L. Rice, of New York City, and Patrick H. Cowen, of Saratoga County, were nominated for judges of the Court of Appeals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027410-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand general election\nThe New Zealand general election of 1884 was held on 22 July to elect a total of 95 MPs to the 9th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The M\u0101ori vote was held on 21 July. A total number of 137,686 (60.6%) voters turned out to vote. In 11 seats there was only one candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027410-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand general election, 1881 electoral redistribution\nThe same 95 electorates that were defined through the 1881 electoral redistribution were used for the 1884 election. The next electoral redistribution was held in 1887 in preparation for the 1887 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027410-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand general election, Government formation\nPrior to the election Harry Atkinson had served as Premier since 1883. His government was unpopular at the time and the polls went against him. Only 32 of the returned Members supported him whilst 57 opposed his government as well as 6 independents. Soon after the election his government fell in August 1884 after Robert Stout successfully passed a vote of no confidence and assumed the premiership with the support of Julius Vogel. A strong counter-offensive by Atkinson enabled him to unseat Stout again after only twelve days. Stout, however, was not so easily defeated, and took the Premiership again after seven days. This time, Stout held his position for three years, defeating Atkinson's attempts to oust him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027410-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand general election, Results\nThe following table shows the results of the 1884 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales\nThe first New Zealand team was selected in 1884, for a tour to New South Wales, Australia. It was a privately organized selection as the New Zealand Rugby Union was founded not until eight years later. On 22 May 1884, before the tour start, the team played a test match against the Wellington Rugby Football Union team, winning 9 to 0. During the tour, the team recorded eight wins in eight matches in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match summary\nComplete list of matches played by New Zealand in New South Wales:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 67], "content_span": [68, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Cumberland\nNew Zealand: R. J. Wilson, P. P. Webb, G. S. Robertson, J. O'Donnell, T. B. O'Connor, W. V. Millton (capt), E. B. Millton, J. G. Lecky, J. Allan, H. Roberts, J. T. Dumbell, G. H. N. Helmore, J. G. Taiaroa, T. Ryan, J. A. Warbrick", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 79], "content_span": [80, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Waratahs\nNew Zealand: P. P. Webb, H. Udy, G. S. Robertson, J. O'Donnell, T. B. O'Connor, W. V. Millton (capt), J. G. Lecky, G. Carter, J. Allan, H. Roberts, G. H. N. Helmore, J. G. Taiaroa, J. A. Warbrick, T. Ryan, H. Y. Braddon", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 77], "content_span": [78, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Combined Suburbs\nNew Zealand: R. J. Wilson, P. P. Webb, H. Udy, G. S. Robertson, J. O'Donnell, E. B. Millton, J. G. Lecky, G. Carter, J. Allan, J. G. Taiaroa, J. T. Dumbell, E. Davy, J. A. Warbrick, T. Ryan, H. Y. Braddon", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 85], "content_span": [86, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nMatch Report, Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners Advocate of 6 Jun 1884", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nThe long-looked forward to match between the New Zealand footballers and a combined local team, came off on the Newcastle Cricket Club's ground yesterday afternoon. It proved, as will be seen, an easy victory for the Maori-landers, by twenty-nine points to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nAbout daylight signs of rain appeared, and up till breakfast hour a few drops fell. Later on, heavy clouds banked up, and showers commenced, the wind hauling to the south. Subsequently, the sun conquered, and bright warm weather lasted until noon; when once more the horizon darkened, and a renewal of the downpour commenced. Ten minutes before the advertised time for kicking off (3 p.m.) building rain squalls were flying across the sward from the southward, and whispers went the round that postponement was inevitable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0008-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nThis however, was not to be: seeing that the visitors are booked to play at Bathurst to-morrow. Exactly one and a quarter minute past 3 p.m., while the grandstand was packed like a sardine case with beauty and muscle, both sexes vainly seeking to ward off the rain, and outsiders, huddled like so many storm overtaken bandicoots under every available shelter-place, the teams emerged, and took their positions. Newcastle won the toss and elected to play from the north side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0009-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nIt was clear to onlookers that from the jump our boys were outweighted and had an uphill two hours' work before them. The struggle opened with a strong defence (so much of it as could be caught is glimpse of between the squalls), and after a little by-play the New Zealanders forced down; following up speedily by a second. The local men followed suit, and J. Woods was put on to kick off; but proved unlucky, owing to the slippery state of the ball; which was every moment whirling through water-pools or greasy mud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0009-0001", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nFred Lockhead led off with a good attempt at a run in, and on the ball going up, Greaves held his own with some careful dribbling for the Newcastilians. A scrimmage followed-the first of the day by which the superior weight and centralized play of our visitors commenced to shew their generalship in working up being of thorough draught-board fashion. \"Tommy\" Johnson's weight and \"go\" shewed up 'brilliantly when called on, but the ball found its way down to the visitors' end for a long while.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0009-0002", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nBefore anything decisive had occurred, a second blinding squall came up, rendering the sward a seething mass of spray, water, and foam; thunder growling angrily all around, and forked lightning flashing at all points of the compass, whilst the contestants flitted around like so many grey ghosts chasing a shadow. Under such circumstances genuine play was all but out of the question. No grip of the ball was obtainable. When caught it slipped like an eel; and on colliding or falling, player after player shot like Scotch curling stones several yards along the turf before bringing up to a standstill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0009-0003", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nThe Newcastle men soon after scored their first and only touch-down; the kick-off. being entrusted to J. Wood, who made a good attempt for a goal. Following off, Greaves made a splendid lift, which Johnson backed up by nearly getting a touch-down; but a New Zealand man, slipping in, made a big dash and forced down. W. Langwill secured the leather after a few scrimmages, and with a brilliant run and dodging carried it opposite the grandstand but got out of bounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0009-0004", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nWood was next to score for the home team, but the visitors again forced down five minutes later, near the goal. The N.Z. captain was soon after sent heavily to mother earth, when nearly finishing a smart run in, but further force down was called. \"Get into the scrimmage better, blues\" followed as the order, which was well responded to; despite game responses by the local men. Ford and Langwill and W. Laing essayed, but the latter was cleverly floored by the Maori, just before getting in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0009-0005", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nThe next force down was made at the northern end, followed speedily by another, after some good generalship. The kick missed but following an immediate scrimmage a blue skied the ball clean over the fences and scored first goal. J. Woods kicked off and after hard play, the next goal was scored by a blue through a chance kick out of a scrimmage, at twenty minutes to 4 p.m. The Newcastle forwards at this. stage began to improve, working well through them. Laing again got it and made another dash, but minus result when half-time was called.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0010-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nOnly a few minutes' spell was allowed, when the blues kicked away to the southward, and followed passing and scrimmaging, barren of results, till the ball went nearly out of bounds at the southern end, and was then dribbled into a water-hole near the Grandstand, and blue once more forced down; the players looking like a cage of mud-bespattered drowned rats. Seven minutes' scrimmage ensued in midfield, when a herculean young visitor was running it in, but was smartly collared and floored by Laurence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0010-0001", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nFord made a fine kick of seventy or eighty yards on to the toe of a Maori man, who immediately shot the ball out of bounds, and a fierce scrimmage took place in which a chance goal was nearly scored. The visitors secured the chance of a kick, and Taiaroa, with his left foot, lauded another splendid goal. Newcastle's first kick went prettily over the goal posts, but of course did not count; and another touchdown speedily fell to the strangers; the Maori this time missing kick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0010-0002", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nBode and Johnson made two collars; one of their opponents getting a nasty bruise on his brow. Another force down and free-kick claimed by NZ., but the try missed, and the twenty-seventh scrimmage ensued. Taiaroa later on made a big effort to get in but was tripped and shot heels over head; the local men getting a free kick through off-side playing, but without scoring. Work now began to improve, and some brilliant runs we made on either slide the \"passing\" of the blues being beyond praise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0010-0003", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nCharge upon charge took place the Newcastle boys each time answering gamely and generally bringing the man down. A further touch down and a goal accredited to New Zealand with our men following with a strong effort to the northern end, whence they were sent by a high kick from one of the backs, and incessant scrimmaging followed, with very trying cross-field work, and constant out of bounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0010-0004", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nThe demon Taiaroa, later on, had the ball passed backwards to him, and with the dash of the day rushed it through all opposition, and touched down near the rails, after sliding several yards in a complete duck-pond of rain water, amid deafening cheers. The kick off failed, and shortly afterwards a most interesting and well contested match was closed by time. Three cheers were exchanged lustily; and a like honour having been paid to the Queen, the ground was cleared. It may not be generally known that the player Taiaroa has had his collar-bone fractured no fewer than three times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0011-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nThe actual result was a win for the New Zealanders by five goals and three tries to nil. Two of the goals dropped from the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0012-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Northern Districts\nNew Zealand: R. J. Wilson, P. P. Webb, H. Udy, G. S. Robertson, J. O'Donnell, W. V. Millton (capt), E. B. Millton, G. Carter, J. Allan, H. Roberts, J. T. Dumbell, J. G. Taiaroa, G. H. N. Helmore, T. Ryan, J. A. Warbrick", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027411-0013-0000", "contents": "1884 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales, Match details, Waratahs\nNew Zealand: R. J. Wilson, P. P. Webb, H. Udy, G. S. Robertson, J. O'Donnell, T. B. O'Connor, W. V. Millton (capt), E. B. Millton, J. Allan, H. Roberts, J. A. Warbrick, J. G. Taiaroa, G. H. N. Helmore, T. Ryan, H. Y. Braddon", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 77], "content_span": [78, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027412-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 North Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1884. Democratic nominee Alfred Moore Scales defeated Republican nominee Tyre York with 53.80% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027413-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Northumberland colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of Northumberland in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 26 May 1884 because of the resignation of Atkinson Tighe due to ill health.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027414-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Olivet Comets football team\nThe 1884 Olivet football team was an American football team that represented Olivet College as an independent during the 1884 college football season. In Olivet's first year fielding a Varsity football team, the Comets compiled a 0\u20132 record, both games against Albion, and were outscored by a total of 20 to 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027415-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Open Championship\nThe 1884 Open Championship was the 24th Open Championship, held 3 October at Prestwick Golf Club in Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Jack Simpson won the Championship by four strokes, ahead of runners-up Willie Fernie and Douglas Rolland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027415-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Open Championship\nThis was the first Open Championship to be played at Prestwick after it had been extended from 12 to 18 holes in 1882. The contest was still over 36 holes but  consisted of two 18-hole rounds rather than three 12-hole rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027415-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Open Championship\nConditions were difficult with a strong wind. Simpson, one of the early starters, had the best score in both rounds and was the surprise winner. Fernie and Rolland were joint second and shared the second and third prizes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027415-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Open Championship, Final leaderboard\nIndividual round scores are only known for the leading six players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027416-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Ottawa Hockey Club season\nThe 1884 Ottawa Hockey Club season was the club's first season of play. The club had formed the previous March and now was playing a season against other clubs. They played in red and black striped sweaters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027416-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Roster\nThomas D. Green, Thomas Gallagher, F.M.S. (Frank) Jenkins, Jack Kerr, Halder Kirby, Albert Peter Low, Nelson Porter, Ernest Taylor, George Young", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027417-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Paisley by-election\nThe Paisley by-election, 1884 was a parliamentary by-election held on 15 February 1884 for the British House of Commons constituency of Paisley in Scotland. It was caused by the resignation of the constituency's sitting Liberal Member of Parliament William Holms who had held the seat since the general election of 1880 when he was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027417-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Paisley by-election, Result\nThe seat was held for the Liberals by Stewart Clark, a local thread manufacturer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027417-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Paisley by-election, Result\nThis by-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Scotland-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027418-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1884 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania during the 1884 college football season. The team compiled a 5\u20131\u20131 record. Alexander Gray was the team captain, and there was no coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027419-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1884 Philadelphia Athletics finished with a 61\u201346 record and finished in seventh place in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027419-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027419-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027419-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027419-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027419-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027420-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027420-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027420-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027420-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027421-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Philadelphia mayoral election\nThe Philadelphia mayoral election of 1884 saw William Burns Smith defeat incumbent mayor Samuel G. King. This would ultimately be the last election to a three-year term as mayor, as the city subsequently extended mayoral terms to four years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027422-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season\nThe 1884 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season was the 3rd season of the Pittsburgh Alleghenys franchise. The Alleghenys finished 11th in the American Association with a record of 30\u201378.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027423-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Poole by-election\nThe Poole by-election of 1884 was fought on 19 April 1884. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP, Charles Schreiber. It was won by the Conservative candidate William James Harris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027423-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Poole by-election, Background\nCharles Schreiber had been elected at the 1880 general election, representing Poole, Dorset until his death in March 1884. A by-election was called for the following month.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027424-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 29 June 1884. The result was a victory for the Regeneration Party, which won 110 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027424-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Portuguese legislative election, Results\nThe results exclude the six seats won at national level and those from overseas territories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027425-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1884 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1884 college football season. The Tigers finished with a 9\u20130\u20131 record and were retroactively named national champions by the Billingsley Report and co-champions by Parke H. Davis. This season marked Princeton's 12th football national championship. Clinton N. Bird was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027426-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Prohibition National Convention\nThe 1884 Prohibition National Convention was a presidential nominating convention held at Lafayette Hall, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from July 23\u201324, 1884, to select the Prohibition Party's presidential ticket for the 1884 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027426-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Prohibition National Convention, Opening\nOn July 23, 1884, the convention was called to open by Chairman Gideon T. Stewart and was attended by 505 delegates from thirty one states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027426-0001-0001", "contents": "1884 Prohibition National Convention, Opening\nReverend Alonzo Ames Miner, who had served as the president of the 1880 convention, gave the opening prayer, Secretary R. W. Nelson read the call for the convention, Stewart gave the opening address where he criticized the alcohol industry as a greater evil than slavery, Reverend C. W. Blanchard gave a speech, and Frances Willard read a message from the Woman's Christian Temperance Union giving support to a constitutional amendment prohibiting the sale and consumption of alcohol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027426-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Prohibition National Convention, Opening\nSamuel Dickie was selected to serve as the chairman of the convention and afterwards the vice-presidents of the thirty one state delegations were selected with ten being female.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027426-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Prohibition National Convention, Presidential nomination\nOn July 24, the delegates reconvened to vote on the presidential nomination. The California delegation nominated R. H. McDonald, who was seconded by delegates from Kentucky and Maine, the Illinois delegation nominated former Kansas Governor John St. John, who was seconded by Frances Willard, the Massachusetts delegation nominated Gideon T. Stewart, and a delegate from Pennsylvania nominated former presidential nominee James Black. Stewart withdrew from the balloting and endorsed St. John, the California delegation withdrew McDonald's nomination, and Black declined to contest the presidential ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027426-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Prohibition National Convention, Presidential nomination\nJohn B. Finch made a motion to suspend the rules to nominate St. John by acclamation was successful and 505 delegates voted in favor of St. John, who accepted the nomination via telegram. William Daniel of Maryland was selected to serve as the vice-presidential nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027426-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Prohibition National Convention, Platform\nThe platform drafted by the platform committee was approved by the delegates, and it criticized the Republican and Democratic parties for not creating prohibition legislation while in power, included support for the prohibition of the sale and consumption of alcohol, increasing immigration, political and civil gender equality, women's suffrage, refusing to allow statehood to areas without the prohibition of polygamous marriages, soldier pensions, and money issued and regulated by the federal government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027426-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Prohibition National Convention, Platform\nThe platform plank in support of women's suffrage was weakened by Frances Willard to gain support among southern votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season\nThe Providence Grays went 84\u201328 during the 1884 season to win the National League championship. The team started out with two main pitchers, Charles \"Old Hoss\" Radbourn and Charlie Sweeney. After Sweeney jumped to the Union Association in mid-season, Radbourn pitched most of the Grays' remaining games and led the team to the pennant. Radbourn won 60 games by himself, setting a Major League Baseball record that has never been broken.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season\nAfter the regular season, the Grays faced the American Association champions, the New York Metropolitans, in the 1884 World Series. The Grays swept the series to become the \"World Champions.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, Background\nIn 1883, the Providence Grays finished in third place. Pitcher Charles \"Old Hoss\" Radbourn won 48 games. Before the 1884 season, manager Harry Wright left the team and was replaced by Frank Bancroft. The franchise was on shaky financial ground, and ownership was close to disbanding the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, Pitching rivalry\nIn early 1884, the Grays' two main pitchers were Radbourn and Charlie Sweeney. Both Radbourn and Sweeney were talented pitchers but also vain and temperamental. Through much of April and May, the younger Sweeney outshone the veteran Radbourn, creating tension between the two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, Pitching rivalry\nOn June 7, 1884, Sweeney struck out 19 Boston batters to set the single-game MLB record. The record would be tied a few times but not broken for 102 years, until Roger Clemens struck out 20 in a game in 1986. Sweeney was feted upon his return to Providence for days following his accomplishment, much to the bitter jealousy of Radbourn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, Pitching rivalry\nNot long after that, Sweeney suffered arm problems which sidelined him. This meant that Radbourn would suffer the workload of two men, further driving a wedge between the veteran and the upstart. The two eventually fought in the clubhouse, and on July 16, Radbourn had a meltdown on the mound, intentionally lobbing several slow pitches over the plate in a losing effort. He was suspended from the team. Sweeney was forced to return to his regular pitching duties, which he did effectively for a time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, Sweeney's blowup\nFollowing an exhibition game on July 21 in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, Sweeney, who had allegedly been drinking throughout the game, refused to return with the team to Providence, choosing to stay in Woonsocket with a lady he had escorted to the park that day. Waking the next morning, he realized he missed morning practice and raced to make it back to Providence for his start that afternoon. Though most players at the time were held to temperance clauses during the season, Grays manager Frank Bancroft was left with little choice but to pitch Sweeney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, Sweeney's blowup\nAfter five effective innings, Bancroft signaled for the team captain Joe Start to make a pitching change. Sweeney refused to budge and continued to pitch for another two innings. With the Grays leading 6\u20132 before the start of the eighth inning, Bancroft insisted that Sweeney vacate the pitcher's box and move to right field. Still intoxicated, as well as the prevailing sentiment of 1880s baseball being that finishing a game a pitcher started was a question of manhood, Sweeney flatly refused.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0007-0001", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, Sweeney's blowup\nWhen Bancroft threatened the pitcher with a $50 fine, Sweeney told him to take his fine and the rest of his salary, promptly quitting. This left Providence with only eight players. With two men to cover the outfield, they lost the game. Sweeney watched the rest of the game in street clothes and left with two women, presumably prostitutes. The Grays subsequently expelled Sweeney from the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0008-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, Sweeney's blowup\nSweeney then signed with the St. Louis Maroons of the Union Association, helping the Maroons win the UA's only championship. For the season, Sweeney pitched 221 innings for the Grays, going 17\u20138 with a 1.55 ERA, and pitched 271 innings for the Maroons, going 24\u20137 with a 1.83 ERA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0009-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, Radbourn's record\nWith only one main pitcher left, the Grays were left in a state of disarray with the consensus view that the team should be disbanded. At that point, Radbourn, who had spent the last several weeks demanding he be paid for doing the work of two men, offered to start every game for the rest of the season (having pitched in 76 of 98 games the season before). In exchange, he wanted a raise and exemption from the reserve clause for the next season. Ownership agreed, and Radbourn got his raise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0010-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, Radbourn's record\nOver the Grays' next 43 games, Radbourn started 40 of them and won 36. Soon, pitching every other day as he was, his arm became so sore he couldn't even raise it to comb his hair. On game day he was at the ballpark hours before the start, getting warmed up. He began his warm up by throwing just a few feet, increasing the distance gradually until he was pitching from second base and finally from short center field. Led by Radbourn, the Grays got hot and stayed hot, clinching the National League championship on September 24 and finishing the season with a record of 84\u201328.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0011-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, Radbourn's record\nRadbourn himself finished the season with a league-leading 678.2 innings pitched and 73 complete games, and he won the Triple Crown with a record of 60\u201312, a 1.38 earned run average, and 441 strikeouts. His 60 wins in a season is a record which is expected to never be broken because no pitcher has made even as many as 37 starts in a season since 1991. Also, his 678.2 innings pitched stands at second all-time, behind only Will White (680 in 1879) for a single season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0012-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, World Series\nAt the end of the season, Providence officials accepted New York Metropolitans (AA) manager Jim Mutrie's challenge to a three-game postseason match, which became known as the first World Series. All of the games took place at the Polo Grounds in New York and were played under American Association rules, which forbade overhand pitching. Each team put up one thousand dollars with the winner taking all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0013-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, World Series\nGame 1 took place on October 23. Radbourn allowed two hits and struck out nine, and the Grays defeated the Metropolitans, 6\u20130. New York's ace pitcher, Tim Keefe, took the loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0014-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, World Series\nThe next day, Radbourn three-hit the Metropolitans and won 3\u20131 in a game called after seven innings due to darkness. Grays third baseman Jerry Denny hit a three-run home run in the fifth inning, the first homer in World Series history. Keefe lost for the second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0015-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, World Series\nProvidence had clinched the series, but New York, hoping to generate more revenue, asked them to play the third game anyway. The Grays agreed to play as long as they had the option of choosing the umpire, and they strategically chose Keefe, the Metropolitans' best pitcher. Due to the extremely cold weather, the attendance for the game was just 300, and the game was called after six innings. Radbourn, pitching his third complete game in three days, led the Grays to a 12\u20132 rout. Buck Becannon was the losing pitcher for New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0016-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Summary, World Series\nOverall, Radbourn pitched all 22 innings in the series, allowing 11 hits, three unearned runs, and no earned runs. The total attendance for the three games was 3,800. Local newspaper The New York Clipper called the series \"The Championship of the United States.\" Several newspapers such as The Sporting Life penned the Grays as \"World Champions,\" and the new title stuck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0017-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0018-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0019-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0020-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027427-0021-0000", "contents": "1884 Providence Grays season, 1884 World Series\nProvidence Grays (NL) (84\u201328) vs New York Metropolitans (AA) (75\u201332)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027428-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Republican National Convention\nThe 1884 Republican National Convention was a presidential nominating convention held at the Exposition Hall in Chicago, Illinois, on June 3\u20136, 1884. It resulted in the nomination of former House Speaker James G. Blaine from Maine for president and Senator John A. Logan of Illinois for vice president. The ticket lost in the election of 1884 to Democrats Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027428-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Republican National Convention\nIn attendance were 1600 delegates and alternates and 6000 spectators. There were 820 official delegates; 411 votes were needed to win the nomination. The incumbent president, Chester A. Arthur, was not a serious contender due to ill health. Blaine was the favorite going in, but there was a possibility that President Arthur could build a coalition with smaller candidates such as George F. Edmunds. There were also rumors that members of the party would bolt if Blaine won the nomination. Neither Blaine nor Arthur were in attendance. Blaine was at his home in Augusta, Maine, and Arthur followed the events from the White House by telegraphy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027428-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Republican National Convention, Pre-balloting maneuvers\nTo test the waters, Blaine supporters nominated Powell Clayton as temporary chair of the Convention. A former Arthur supporter, Clayton was now in Blaine's camp. He was popular with veterans, but was also associated with the Star Route Frauds. Edmunds's supporters, led by Henry C. Lodge, moved to nominate John R. Lynch instead, an African-American from Mississippi. The speech supporting Lynch was given by Theodore Roosevelt. Lynch won the vote 424 to 384, and Blaine's nomination seemed for the first time vulnerable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027428-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Republican National Convention, Pre-balloting maneuvers\nBlaine's future seemed more vulnerable the next day when, to address the rumors of party members bolting, his supporters made a motion to remove seats of delegates who failed to pledge support of the eventual nominee. The motion failed, again by the fortitude of Edmunds's supporters. The day closed with John B. Henderson being elected permanent chair of the convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027428-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Republican National Convention, Pre-balloting maneuvers\nThat evening leaders of Arthur's and Edmunds's camps met in private in the Grand Pacific Hotel and tried to create a viable coalition. Arthur's team could not guarantee that his supporters would back Edmunds. It was more likely that the second choice of Arthur delegates was Blaine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027428-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Republican National Convention, Nominations\nThe roll call of the States began the next evening. When Maine was called, the cheering lasted ten minutes, during which time William H. West came to the platform and gave a rabble-rousing speech to second the nomination. After West's speech, pandemonium continued in the building, much to West's chagrin. Further speeches seconding the nomination were given by Cushman Kellogg Davis and Thomas C. Platt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027428-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Republican National Convention, Nominations\nWhen the roll call reached New York, it was Arthur's turn to be nominated. Martin I. Townsend's speech was lackluster at best and poorly prepared, Townsend having been selected for the responsibility only after the roll call began. His speech was occasionally drowned out by hisses and eruptions of side conversations. The nomination was seconded by Harry H. Bingham, John R. Lynch and Patrick H. Winston. Bingham's speech was strong, Lynch's brief, and Winston's irritating. Although it was already 11 PM, a motion to adjourn failed. Another speech for Arthur was given by P. B. S. Pinchback, but like the others, it did not sway any support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027428-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 Republican National Convention, Nominations\nTo close the night Joseph B. Foraker nominated John Sherman and John Davis Long nominated Edmunds. The delegates adjourned just after midnight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027428-0008-0000", "contents": "1884 Republican National Convention, Balloting\nOn the first ballot Blaine received 344\u00bd, Arthur 278, Edmunds 93, Logan 63\u00bd, and Sherman 30, with Joseph Roswell Hawley, Robert Todd Lincoln and William Tecumseh Sherman receiving parts of the remainder. Arthur received only a third of his votes from the North, none from Ohio, 1 of 44 from Illinois, 9 of 30 from Indiana, 11 of 60 from Pennsylvania and only 31 of 71 from his home state of New York. It was expected that Logan's delegates would shift to Blaine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027428-0009-0000", "contents": "1884 Republican National Convention, Balloting\nOn the second ballot, Blaine received 375 (gaining delegates from Edmunds), Arthur 274. On the fourth ballot, Blaine received 541, Arthur 207, and Edmunds 41. Blaine received 130 more than the majority needed, grabbing 67 from Arthur's camp and 28 from Edmunds's. That evening Logan was selected to be Blaine's running mate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027429-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 2, 1884. Incumbent Republican Augustus O. Bourn defeated Democratic nominee Thomas W. Segar with 62.39% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027430-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Richmond Virginians season\nThe 1884 Richmond Virginians joined the American Association during the season after the Washington Statesmen dropped out. They  finished with a 12\u201330 record, 10th place in the American Association. This was the only season the team was in operation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027430-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Richmond Virginians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027430-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Richmond Virginians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027430-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Richmond Virginians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027430-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Richmond Virginians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027430-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Richmond Virginians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027431-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1884 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1884 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 4\u20134 record and were outscored by their opponents, 184 to 155. The team had no coach, and its captain was John DeWitt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027432-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 SAFA season\nThe 1884 South Australian Football Association season was the 8th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027432-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 SAFA season\nPort Adelaide went on to record its 1st premiership and in doing so ended Norwood's run of 6 straight premierships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027432-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 SAFA season\nThe season would be the last of the South Park Football Club and the North Adelaide Football Club, previously known as the Victorian Football Club. It shares no relation to the modern day North Adelaide Roosters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027432-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 SAFA season, Ladder\nNote: Norwood were ranked ahead of South Adelaide on head-to-head record (2-1), and South Park were ranked ahead of North Adelaide on head-to-head record (1-0-1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027433-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1884 Scottish Cup Final was scheduled to be the 11th final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1883\u201384 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. Six-time winners Queen's Park were due to face three-time winners Vale of Leven at Cathkin Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 23 February 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027433-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Scottish Cup Final\nFollowing a bereavement, illness and injury, Vale of Leven requested that the match be postponed but this was refused by the SFA. In protest, Vale of Leven did not appear for the final. A subsequent meeting of an SFA committee narrowly decided to award the cup to Queen's Park rather than reorganising the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027433-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nQueen's Park had reached the final on six previous occasions and had gone on to lift the trophy each time, most recently in 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027433-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nRunners-up in 1883, Vale of Leven reached the final for the second season in succession. This was their fifth appearance in the final and they had previously won the competition three times consecutively between 1877 and 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027433-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nPrior to the final, Queen's Park and Vale of Leven were the most successful teams in the competition having lifted the trophy in nine of the previous 10 seasons between them. However, they had only met twice previously in the competition. Queen's Park won 2\u20131 on their way to winning the trophy in 1875\u201376 before Vale of Leven recorded a 2\u20131 on their way to winning the cup the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027433-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Scottish Cup Final, Match details\nAs a result of a bereavement, illness and injury, three of Vale of Leven's players were set to miss the final. With their replacements also unavailable, Vale appealed to the SFA on the Wednesday before the final to have the match postponed but this was refused. The club then asked opponents Queen's Park to agree to a postponement but failed to notify them of their situation. With no reason to postpone the game and an upcoming FA Cup final, Queen's Park refused and the game was expected to go ahead as planned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027433-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Scottish Cup Final, Match details\nAfter Vale failed to appear for the final, an SFA committee was tasked with deciding what should happen next. Chaired by the president of the SFA - a Queen's Park man - the committee decided by seven votes to six to award the cup to Queen's Park rather than reorganising the match. Following the decision, there were reports in the press that the SFA should be renamed the \"Queen\u2019s Park and Rangers Association\" because of a perceived Glasgow bias.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027434-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Selwyn by-election\nThe Selwyn by-election of 1884 was a by-election held on 15 February 1884 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the rural Canterbury electorate of Selwyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027434-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Selwyn by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death, on 18 December 1883, of the previous member of parliament Edward Lee, who had won the previous by-election in April 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027434-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Selwyn by-election\nThe by-election was contested by John McLachlan and Edward Wakefield, the latter winning the show of hands at the nomination meeting. The election was won by Wakefield, with 479 votes to 316.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027434-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Selwyn by-election, Results\nMcLachland won the polling booth at Leeston by one vote, but Wakefield won the other booths at Brookside, Southbridge and Dunsandel. At the 1884 general election on 22 July, Wakefield was returned unopposed in Selwyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027435-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Serbian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Serbia in early 1884. The governing Conservative Party won 58 of the 130 seats. King Milan appointed a further 44 members. Following the elections, Milutin Gara\u0161anin of the Progressive Party became Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027436-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 South Australian colonial election\nColonial elections were held in South Australia from 8 April to 23 April 1884. All 52 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027436-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 South Australian colonial election\nSince the inaugural 1857 election, no parties or solid groupings had been formed, which resulted in frequent changes of the Premier. If for any reason the incumbent Premier of South Australia lost sufficient support through a successful motion of no confidence at any time on the floor of the house, he would tender his resignation to the Governor of South Australia, which would result in interested members declaring their intent to run for the vacant position. A parliamentary ballot would then take place, resulting in the member with the most votes being sworn in by the Governor as the next Premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027436-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 South Australian colonial election\nInformal groupings began and increased government stability occurred from the 1887 election. The United Labor Party would be formed in 1891, while the National Defence League would be formed later in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027437-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1884 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Governor Hugh Smith Thompson was renominated by the Democrats and was reelected for a second two-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027437-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Convention\nGovernor Hugh Smith Thompson had made no enemies during his first term as governor and no opposition to his nomination developed at the state Democratic convention of 1884. Thompson was then renominated by acclamation to be the Democratic nominee for governor in the general election, effectively meaning that he would serve two more years since there was no opposition in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027437-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held on November 4, 1884 and Hugh Smith Thompson was elected as governor of South Carolina without opposition. Turnout was less than the previous gubernatorial election because of the lack of opposition in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027438-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Southern Rugby Union Season\nThe 1884 Southern Rugby Union season was the 11th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. This was the second competition for the Gardiner Cup which was awarded to the winners of the premiership. The football season lasted from May till September 1884 with the main cup games held between June and August. The season culminated in the premiership, which was won by Burwood. Burwood were crowned premiers by a committee of the Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027438-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams\nFive Senior Clubs competed for the Gardiner Challenge Cup. Senior Clubs competed against each other for the Cup and played other games against Junior or Country Clubs. Only the first teams from the Senior Clubs were eligible for the Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027438-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nThe Sydney Rugby Premiership was still in its infancy in 1884 with many aspects of the championship undeveloped. It was the second year that the Gardiner Challenge Cup was to be given to the winner of the Premiership. As per the previous year, a committee was setup to organise the competition for the Cup. Their task was to arrange the contests and determine the conditions that the Cup would be awarded. However, the matches were rather sporadic with games intermingled between those against Junior Clubs and Country Clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027438-0002-0001", "contents": "1884 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nSupporters of the game questioned the arrangement of matches and suggested organising rounds with a concluding final. The first games between Senior teams for the Cup were held on 21 June despite many of the clubs having played games since early May against Junior teams. The premiership was again decided by the committee at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027438-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nThe Wallaroo Football Club began their Cup matches with a string of victories. It wasn't until they met Sydney University in a return match that the Wallaroos lost their first game. Unfortunately, they then lost against both Redfern and Burwood in close matches. Against the 'Varsity, Wallaroo had won one game and had lost the second. This was the same against Burwood. Across the entire season, the Club played 15 games, winning 11 of them. Eight of these games were against Senior Clubs with Wallaroo victorious in 5 of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027438-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nThe Sydney University Football Club finished the Cup games strong, winning three out of the last four games. Over the season, the 'Varsity played 15 games and won 11. In the Cup matches, the Club played 8 games against the Senior Clubs, winning 5. The 'Varsity lost against Wallaroo and Burwood but were able to reverse the result against Wallaroo in a return match later in the season. A return match against the Burwood Club saw the game end in controversy when a try was awarded near the end of the game. The first umpire for the game declared no try as time had ended, while the second umpire indicated that time was still available. The matter was passed on to the Union who declared the game as unfinished and therefore no result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027438-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nThe Burwood Football Club enjoyed a successful season. The team played 13 matches, winning 11 of them and losing only 1. Against the Senior Clubs, Burwood played 7 games and won 5. Their only loss all season was against Wallaroo, whom they beat later in the year. After defeating University in their first matchup, their second match ended in controversy and was eventually declared \"no result\". This decision by the Union gave the Club the Premiership and the Gardiner Challenge Cup. During their matches, Burwood only had 9 points scored against them, indicating their strength in defence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027438-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades\nThe Southern Rugby Football Union classified the participating clubs into two groups, Seniors and Juniors. Prior to 1883, all clubs were considered for the Premiership. With the introduction of the Gardiner Challenge Cup, only Senior clubs participated in the competition. The Junior clubs competed with each other, but no award was recognised for their achievements. Matches between Senior and Junior teams were common place, with results in those matches assisting in deciding the final Senior Premiership winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027438-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The New Zealand Rugby Tour\nIn 1884 the first team from New Zealand toured New South Wales and played a number of matches across the colony. The team was supported by the Canterbury Rugby Football Union, a provincial union who administered rugby in New Zealand until a national body was formed. Despite a New South Wales team having visited New Zealand in 1882, no games were played against a team representing the colony. This meant that the three games held in Sydney were the first time that a New Zealand Rugby team competed in football. In all, the team played eight games during the tour and were victorious in all of them scoring 167 points and conceding 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 82], "content_span": [83, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027438-0008-0000", "contents": "1884 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The New Zealand Rugby Tour\nDespite being known in modern times as the \"All Blacks\", the New Zealanders at the time wore dark blue jerseys with New South Wales playing in olive-green jerseys. The team that the visitors placed into the field was heavier than the local team. Much of the three matches saw play restricted to the NSW line with a number of attempts made by the New Zealanders at scoring. In three games between New South Wales and the visiting team, the New Zealand team scored 48 points to 2. One of the main draw cards for the matches was the Maori player, John Taiaroa, who dazzled whenever he had the ball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 82], "content_span": [83, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027438-0009-0000", "contents": "1884 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The New Zealand Rugby Tour\nWith the three matches being played at the end of May into mid June, the Gardiner Challenge Cup was not begun until late June. At the conclusion of the matches, some of the touring players remained in Sydney and took up positions in the local clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 82], "content_span": [83, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027438-0010-0000", "contents": "1884 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nTwo intercolonial games were played in July between New South Wales and Queensland at the Association Ground in Sydney. Both matches saw the local New South Wales team display superior play resulting in two easy wins over the Queenslanders. The first match saw the NSW team score 4 tries to defeat the tourists 17 points to 4. The next match was entirely dominated by the local team with NSW scoring 7 tries to win 26 point to nil. In support of these matches, the Gardiner Cup was put on hold in order to allow players to be available for representative duties and not jeopardise their club's performance in the Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027439-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Spanish general election\nThe 1884 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 27 April and on Thursday, 8 May 1884, to elect the 3rd Restoration Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 393 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027439-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Spanish general election, Overview, Background\nThe Spanish Constitution of 1876 enshrined Spain as a constitutional monarchy, awarding the King power to name senators and to revoke laws, as well as the title of commander-in-chief of the army. The King would also play a key role in the system of El Turno Pac\u00edfico (the Peaceful Turn) by appointing and toppling governments and allowing the opposition to take power. Under this system, the Conservative and Liberal parties alternated in power by means of election rigging, which they achieved through the encasillado, using the links between the Ministry of Governance, the provincial civil governors, and the local bosses (caciques) to ensure victory and exclude minor parties from the power sharing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027439-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nThe Spanish Cortes were envisaged as \"co-legislative bodies\", based on a nearly perfect bicameralism. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate had legislative, control and budgetary functions, sharing equal powers except for laws on contributions or public credit, where the Congress had preeminence. Voting for the Cortes was on the basis of censitary suffrage, which comprised national males over twenty-five, being taxpayers with a minimum quota of twenty-five pesetas per territorial contribution or fifty per industrial subsidy, as well as being enrolled in the so-called capacity census (either by criteria of Education or for professional reasons).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027439-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nFor the Congress of Deputies, 88 seats were elected using a partial block voting in 26 multi-member constituencies, with the remaining 305 being elected under a one-round first-past-the-post system in single-member districts. Candidates winning a plurality in each constituency were elected. In constituencies electing eight seats, electors could vote for up to six candidates; in those with seven seats, for up to five candidates; in those with six seats, for up to four; in those with four or five seats, for up to three candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027439-0003-0001", "contents": "1884 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nAdditionally, up to ten deputies could be elected through cumulative voting in several single-member constituencies, provided that they obtained more than 10,000 votes overall. The Congress was entitled to one member per each 50,000 inhabitants, with each multi-member constituency being allocated a fixed number of seats: 8 for Madrid, 5 for Barcelona and Palma, 4 for Seville and 3 for Alicante, Almer\u00eda, Badajoz, Burgos, C\u00e1diz, Cartagena, C\u00f3rdoba, Granada, Ja\u00e9n, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coru\u00f1a, Lugo, M\u00e1laga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza. The law also provided for by-elections to fill seats vacated throughout the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027439-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nFor the Senate, 180 seats were indirectly elected, with electors voting for delegates instead of senators. Elected delegates\u2014equivalent in number to one-sixth of the councillors in each municipal corporation\u2014would then vote for senators using a write-in, two-round majority voting system. The provinces of \u00c1lava, Albacete, \u00c1vila, Biscay, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Guip\u00fazcoa, Huelva, Logro\u00f1o, Matanzas, Palencia, Pinar del R\u00edo, Puerto Pr\u00edncipe, Santa Clara, Santander, Santiago de Cuba, Segovia, Soria, Teruel, Valladolid and Zamora were allocated two seats each, whereas each of the remaining provinces was allocated three seats, for a total of 147.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027439-0004-0001", "contents": "1884 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nThe remaining 33 were allocated to a number of institutions, electing one seat each\u2014the Archdioceses of Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Cuba, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; the Royal Spanish Academy; the Royal Academies of History, Fine Arts, Sciences, Moral and Political Sciences and Medicine; the Universities of Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Havana, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; and the Economic Societies of Friends of the Country from Madrid, Barcelona, Cuba\u2013Puerto Rico, Le\u00f3n, Seville and Valencia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027439-0004-0002", "contents": "1884 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nAn additional 180 seats comprised senators in their own right\u2014the Monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age; Grandees of Spain of the first class; Captain Generals of the Army and the Navy Admiral; the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops; as well as other high-ranking state figures\u2014and senators for life (who were appointed by the Monarch).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027439-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Spanish general election, Overview, Election date\nThe term of each House of the Cortes\u2014the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate\u2014expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The Monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both Houses at any given time\u2014either jointly or separately\u2014and call a snap election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027440-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1884 St. Louis Browns season was the team's third season in St. Louis, Missouri, and its third season in the American Association. The Browns went 67\u201340 during the season and finished fourth in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027440-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027440-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027440-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027440-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027440-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027441-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 St. Louis Maroons season\nThe 1884 St. Louis Maroons baseball team finished with a 94\u201319 record and won the championship of the new Union Association. After the season the UA folded and the Maroons joined the National League, the only UA team to continue past the 1884 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027441-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 St. Louis Maroons season\nThe Maroons were back in the news in 2015, when the Golden State Warriors started the 2015\u201316 season with an NBA-record 24 straight wins; this surpassed St. Louis' 20-0 start, which was the previous record for the four major professional sports leagues in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027441-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 St. Louis Maroons season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027441-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 St. Louis Maroons season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027441-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 St. Louis Maroons season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027441-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 St. Louis Maroons season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027442-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Swedish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sweden in 1884 to elect the Second Chamber of the Riksdag for a three-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027442-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Swedish general election\nOf a total population of 4.7 million, only 291,668 people (6.3%) were eligible to vote. Only 73,636 voters participated in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027443-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Swiss federal election\nFederal elections were held in Switzerland on 26 October 1884. The Radical Left retained its majority in the National Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027443-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Swiss federal election, Electoral system\nThe 145 members of the National Council were elected in 49 single- and multi-member constituencies using a three-round system. Candidates had to receive a majority in the first or second round to be elected; if it went to a third round, only a plurality was required. Voters could cast as many votes as there were seats in their constituency. There was one seat for every 20,000 citizens, with seats allocated to cantons in proportion to their population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027443-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Swiss federal election, Results, National Council, Summary\nVoter turnout was highest in Schaffhausen (where voting was compulsory) at 95.9% and lowest in Neuch\u00e2tel at 25.1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027444-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Swiss referendum\nA four-part referendum was held in Switzerland on 11 May 1884. All four were rejected by voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027444-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Swiss referendum, Background\nAll four referendums were optional referendums, which meant that only a majority of the public vote was required for the proposals to be approved, as opposed to a mandatory referendum which required both a majority of voters and cantons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027444-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Swiss referendum, Results, Question I\nQuestion I asked whether a federal law on the organisation of the federal departments for justice and the police should be enacted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027444-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Swiss referendum, Results, Question II\nQuestion II asked voters whether they approved of a federal resolution on patent taxes for salesmen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027444-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Swiss referendum, Results, Question III\nQuestion III asked voters whether they approved of an amendment to the federal criminal law made on 4 February 1853.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 44], "content_span": [45, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027444-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Swiss referendum, Results, Question IV\nQuestion IV asked voters whether they approved of a federal resolution on a 10,000 CHF contribution to the cost of the Swiss embassy in Washington, D.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 43], "content_span": [44, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027445-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Tennessee gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1884. Incumbent Democrat William B. Bate defeated Republican nominee Frank T. Reid with 51.24% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027446-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Tenterfield colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of Tenterfield in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 20 November 1884 because of the resignation of Sir Henry Parkes, stating that he was retiring from politics and that \"I have no intention of seeking or accepting a seat in any future Parliament\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027446-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Tenterfield colonial by-election, Aftermath\nDespite Sir Henry's statement that he was retiring from politics, he re-entered the Legislative Assembly at the Argyle by-election on 31 March 1885, and would become Premier for a fourth time in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027447-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Thorndon by-election\nThe 1884 Thorndon by-election was a by-election held on 13 May 1884 for the Wellington urban electorate of Thorndon during the 8th Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027447-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Thorndon by-election\nOne of the losing candidates, Henry Bunny had represented the Wairarapa electorate from 1865 to 1881. He was widely expected to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027447-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Thorndon by-election\nThomas Dwan did not impress one reporter at the opening meeting of the campaign, saying that he did not give his usual \"political mountebank\" speech but a deadly dull one, and that he showed he knew as much about the country districts as a \"Hindoo does about skating\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027448-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Toledo Blue Stockings season\nThe 1884 Toledo Blue Stockings finished with a 45\u201358 record, eighth place in the American Association. This was the only season the team was in a major league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027448-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Toledo Blue Stockings season\nThe team was noteworthy for catcher Fleet Walker and outfielder Weldy Walker, two brothers who are credited as being the first and second African Americans to play Major League Baseball before the color barrier prevented blacks from playing in the majors again until 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027448-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Toledo Blue Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027448-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Toledo Blue Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027448-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Toledo Blue Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027448-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Toledo Blue Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027448-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 Toledo Blue Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027449-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nList of champions of the 1884 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open). The tournament was held from August 26 to August 27 on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. It was the 4th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027449-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Singles\nRichard D. Sears defeated  Howard Taylor 6\u20130, 1\u20136, 6\u20130, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027449-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Doubles\nRichard D. Sears /  James Dwight defeated  Walter Berry /  Alexander Van Rensselaer, 6\u20134, 6\u20131, 8\u201310, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027450-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Doubles\nJames Dwight and Richard Sears defended their title against Alexander Van Rensselaer and Walter Berry in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027451-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Singles\nThree-time defending champion Richard Sears defeated Howard Taylor in the final, 6\u20130, 1\u20136, 6\u20130, 6\u20132, to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1884 U.S. National Championships. A challenge round was introduced which was played until 1911. Arthur Rives is the first player to play at more than one Grand Slam singles tournament within one calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027452-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections\nElections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1884 for Representatives in the 49th Congress. These election coincided with the election of President Grover Cleveland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027452-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections\nIn spite of Cleveland's victory, the opposition Republican Party gained back some of the seats lost in 1882, but the Democratic Party retained a majority in the House. Republicans were able to make these slight gains by connecting their pro-business and industry message with progress. The Democrats were also hindered by the Panic of 1884, but were not greatly affected by it since the depression ended quickly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027452-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections, Early election dates\nIn 1884, four states, with 28 seats among them, held elections early:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 75], "content_span": [76, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027452-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections, California\nTwo new districts were created for the seats gained in the 1882 reapportionment, eliminating the at-large district that had been created for them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027453-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1884 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 4, 1884. Republicans won both newly created districts and three of the four existing districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027454-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida\nElections to the United States House of Representatives in Florida were held November 4, 1884 for the 49th Congress. These elections were held at the same time as the 1884 Presidential election and election for governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027454-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background\nThe 1882 elections had sent one Democrat and one Republican to the House to represent Florida. That would prove to be the last Congressional election won by a Republican in Florida until 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 76], "content_span": [77, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027454-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Election results\nBoth incumbents ran for re-election, one of whom was re-elected. One seat changed from Republican to Democratic control", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 82], "content_span": [83, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027455-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 4, 1884 to select seven Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. Five incumbents were re-elected and the two open seats were split between the Democrats and the Republicans. The composition of the state delegation after the election was six Democrats and one Republican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027455-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Samuel Dibble of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1883, defeated Republican challenger W.N. Taft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027455-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman George D. Tillman of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1883, defeated Republican challenger E.J. Dickerson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027455-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman D. Wyatt Aiken of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1877, defeated Republican challenger John R. Tolbert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027455-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district special election\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John H. Evins of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1877, died on October 20, 1884. A special election was called for December and Democrat John Bratton was unopposed in his bid to serve the rest of the term for the 48th Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 116], "content_span": [117, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027455-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John H. Evins of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1877, died on October 20, 1884. William H. Perry was nominated by the Democrats and was unopposed in his bid for election to the 49th Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027455-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John J. Hemphill of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1883, defeated Republican challenger C.C. Macoy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027455-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman George W. Dargan of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1883, defeated Republican challenger Edmund H. Deas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027455-0008-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 7th congressional district special election\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Edmund William McGregor Mackey of the 7th congressional district, in office since 1883, died on January 27, 1884. A special election was called for March 18 and Republican Robert Smalls was unopposed in his bid for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 116], "content_span": [117, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027455-0009-0000", "contents": "1884 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 7th congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Robert Smalls of the 7th congressional district, in office since 1884, defeated Democratic challenger William Elliott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027456-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States elections\nThe 1884 United States elections was held on November 4, electing the members of the 49th United States Congress. The election took place during the Third Party System.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027456-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States elections\nIn the Presidential election, Democratic Governor Grover Cleveland of New York defeated Republican former Secretary of State James G. Blaine. Though Cleveland won the popular vote by less than 1%, he won by a fairly comfortable margin in the electoral college. Cleveland won the South and the critical state of New York, while Blaine took most of the rest of the country. This was the most recent example of an incumbent President being denied nomination by his party for another term, as Blaine defeated President Chester A. Arthur at the 1884 Republican National Convention. Cleveland took the Democratic nomination on the second ballot of the 1884 Democratic National Convention, defeating Delaware Senator Thomas F. Bayard and several other candidates. Cleveland's win made him the first Democratic President to win election since the 1856 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 882]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027456-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States elections\nRepublicans picked up several seats in the House, but Democrats continued to command a majority in the chamber. In the Senate, Republicans made moderate gains and established a clear majority. As of 2020, these are the last elections in which the new incoming president's party held control of the House of Representatives but not the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election\nThe 1884 United States presidential election was the 25th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 4, 1884. It saw the first election of a Democrat as President of the United States since James Buchanan in 1856 and the first Democratic president since the American Civil War. Governor Grover Cleveland of New York defeated Republican James G. Blaine of Maine. The election was set apart by unpleasant mudslinging and shameful allegations that eclipsed substantive issues, for example, civil administration change.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election\nCleveland won the presidential nomination on the second ballot of the 1884 Democratic National Convention. President Chester A. Arthur had acceded to the presidency in 1881 following the assassination of James A. Garfield, but he was unsuccessful in his bid for nomination to a full term. Blaine, who had served as Secretary of State under President Garfield, defeated Arthur and other candidates on the fourth ballot of the 1884 Republican National Convention. A group of reformist Republicans known as \"Mugwumps\" abandoned Blaine's candidacy, viewing him as corrupt. The campaign was marred by exceptional political acrimony and personal invective. Blaine's reputation for public corruption and his inadvertent alienation of Catholic voters proved decisive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election\nIn the election, Cleveland won 48.9% of the nationwide popular vote and 219 electoral votes, carrying the Solid South and several key swing states. Blaine won 48.3% of the popular vote and 182 electoral votes. Cleveland won his home state by just 1,149 votes; had he lost New York, he would have lost the election. Two third-party candidates, John St. John of the Prohibition Party and Benjamin Butler of the Greenback Party and the Anti- Monopoly Party, each won less than 2% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0002-0001", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election\nBlaine was the last former or current Secretary of State to be nominated by a major political party until the nomination of Hillary Clinton in 2016, while Cleveland became the only sitting Democratic president between the end of the civil war and the election of Woodrow Wilson in the 1912 United States presidential election, a span of almost 50 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nThe Democrats convened in Chicago on July 8\u201311, 1884, with New York Governor Grover Cleveland as clear frontrunner, the candidate of northern reformers and sound-money men (as opposed to inflationists). Although Tammany Hall bitterly opposed his nomination, the machine represented a minority of the New York delegation. Its only chance to block Cleveland was to break the unit rule, which mandated that the votes of an entire delegation be cast for only one candidate, and this it failed to do. Daniel N. Lockwood from New York placed Cleveland's name in nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0003-0001", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nBut this rather lackluster address was eclipsed by the seconding speech of Edward S. Bragg from Wisconsin, who roused the delegates with a memorable slap at Tammany. \"They love him, gentlemen,\" Bragg said of Cleveland, \"and they respect him, not only for himself, for his character, for his integrity and judgment and iron will, but they love him most of all for the enemies he has made.\" As the convention rocked with cheers, Tammany boss John Kelly lunged at the platform, screaming that he welcomed the compliment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nOn the first ballot, Cleveland led the field with 392 votes, more than 150 votes short of the nomination. Trailing him were Thomas F. Bayard from Delaware, 170; Allen G. Thurman from Ohio, 88; Samuel J. Randall from Pennsylvania, 78; and Joseph E. McDonald from Indiana, 56; with the rest scattered. Randall then withdrew in Cleveland's favor. This move, together with the Southern bloc scrambling aboard the Cleveland bandwagon, was enough to put him over the top of the second ballot, with 683 votes to 81.5 for Bayard and 45.5 for Thomas A. Hendricks from Indiana. Hendricks was nominated unanimously for vice president on the first ballot after John C. Black, William Rosecrans, and George Washington Glick withdrew their names from consideration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nThe 1884 Republican National Convention was held in Chicago, Illinois, on June 3\u20136, with former Secretary of State James G. Blaine from Maine, President Arthur, and Senator George F. Edmunds from Vermont as the frontrunners. Though he was still popular, Arthur did not make a serious bid for a full-term nomination, knowing that his increasing health problems meant he would probably not survive a second term (he ultimately died in November 1886). Blaine led on the first ballot, with Arthur second, and Edmunds third. This order did not change on successive ballots as Blaine increased his lead, and he won a majority on the fourth ballot. After nominating Blaine, the convention chose Senator John A. Logan from Illinois as the vice-presidential nominee. Blaine remains the only Presidential nominee ever to come from Maine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 910]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nFamed Civil War general William Tecumseh Sherman was considered a possible Republican candidate, but ruled himself out with what has become known as the Sherman pledge: \"If drafted, I will not run; if nominated, I will not accept; if elected, I will not serve.\" Robert Todd Lincoln, Secretary of War of the United States, and son of the past President Abraham Lincoln, was also strongly courted by politicians and the media of the day to seek the presidential or vice-presidential nomination, but Lincoln was as averse to the nomination as Sherman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, Anti-Monopoly Party nomination\nThe Anti- Monopoly National Convention assembled in the Hershey Music Hall in Chicago, Illinois on May 14. The party had been formed to express opposition to the business practices of the emerging nationwide companies. There were around 200 delegates from 16 states, but 61 of them were from Michigan and Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 115], "content_span": [116, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0008-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, Anti-Monopoly Party nomination\nAlson Streeter was the temporary chairman and John F. Henry was the permanent chairman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 115], "content_span": [116, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0009-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, Anti-Monopoly Party nomination\nBenjamin F. Butler was nominated for president on the first ballot. Delegates from New York, Washington D.C. and Maryland bolted the convention when it appeared that no discussion of other candidates would be allowed. Allen G. Thurman and James B. Weaver were put forward as alternatives to Butler, but Weaver declined, not wishing to run another national campaign for political office, and Thurman generated little enthusiasm. Butler, while far from opposed to the nomination, hoped to be nominated by the Democratic or Republican party, or at least in the case of the former, to make its platform more favorable to greenbacks. Ultimately only the Greenback Party endorsed his candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 115], "content_span": [116, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0010-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, Anti-Monopoly Party nomination\nThe convention chose not to nominate a candidate for vice president, hoping that other conventions would endorse a similar platform and name a suitable vice-presidential nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 115], "content_span": [116, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0011-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, Greenback Party nomination\nThe 3rd Greenback Party National Convention assembled in English's Opera House in Indianapolis, Indiana. Delegates from 28 states and the District of Columbia attended. The convention nominated Benjamin F. Butler for president over its Party Chairman Jesse Harper on the first ballot. Absolom M. West was nominated unanimously for vice president, and subsequently was also endorsed by the Anti- Monopoly Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 111], "content_span": [112, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0012-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, Greenback Party nomination\nButler had initially hoped to form a number of fusion slates with the \"minority party\" in each state, Democratic or Republican, and for his supporters of various parties to come together under a single \"People's Party\". But many in the two major parties, while maybe agreeing with Butler's message and platform, were unwilling to place their support beyond the party line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 111], "content_span": [112, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0012-0001", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, Greenback Party nomination\nIn a number of places, Iowa in particular, fusion slates were nominated; essentially, Butler's and Cleveland's votes would be added together for the total vote of the fusion slate, allowing them to carry the state even if neither won a plurality, with the electoral vote being divided according to the percentage of the vote each party netted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 111], "content_span": [112, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0013-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, Greenback Party nomination\nBut even if Fusion had been carried out in every state in which it was considered possible (Indiana, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Illinois), it would not have changed the result, none of the states flipping from Blaine to Cleveland, with Butler winning a single electoral vote from Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 111], "content_span": [112, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0014-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, American Prohibition Party nomination\nThe American Prohibition Party held its national convention in the YMCA building in Chicago, Illinois. There were 150 delegates, including many non-voting delegates. The party sought to merge the reform movements of anti-masonry, prohibition, anti-polygamy, and direct election of the president into a new party. Jonathan Blanchard was a major figure within the party. He traveled throughout northern states in the spring and gave an address entitled \"The American Party \u2013 Its Principles and Its Claims.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 122], "content_span": [123, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0015-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, American Prohibition Party nomination\nDuring the convention, the party name was changed from the American Party to the American Prohibition Party. The party had been known as the Anti-Masonic Party in 1880. Many of the delegates at the convention were initially interested in nominating John St. John, the former governor of Kansas, but it was feared that such a nomination might cost him that of the Prohibition Party, which he was actively seeking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 122], "content_span": [123, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0015-0001", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, American Prohibition Party nomination\nParty leaders met with Samuel C. Pomeroy, a former senator from the same state who was the convention's runner-up for the nomination, and at Pomeroy's suggestion they agreed to withdraw the ticket from the race should St. John win the Prohibition Party nomination. Nominated alongside Pomeroy was John A. Conant from Connecticut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 122], "content_span": [123, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0016-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, American Prohibition Party nomination\nSt. John later unanimously won the Prohibition Party nomination, with Pomeroy and Conant withdrawing from the presidential contest and endorsing him. The New York Times speculated that the endorsement would \"give him 40,000 votes\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 122], "content_span": [123, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0017-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, Prohibition Party nomination\nThe fourth Prohibition Party National Convention assembled in Lafayette Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. There were 505 delegates from 31 states and territories at the convention. The national ticket was nominated unanimously: John St. John for president and William Daniel for vice president. The straightforward single-issue Prohibition Party platform advocated the criminalization of alcoholic beverages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 113], "content_span": [114, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0018-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, Equal Rights Party nomination\nDissatisfied with resistance by the men of the major parties to women's suffrage, a small group of women announced the formation in 1884 of the Equal Rights Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 114], "content_span": [115, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0019-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, Equal Rights Party nomination\nThe Equal Rights Party held its national convention in San Francisco, California, on September 20. The convention nominated Belva Ann Lockwood, an attorney in Washington, D.C., for president. Chairman Marietta Stow, the first woman to preside over a national nominating convention, was nominated for vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 114], "content_span": [115, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0020-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, Nominations, Other parties and candidates, Equal Rights Party nomination\nLockwood agreed to be the party's presidential candidate even though most women in the United States did not yet have the right to vote. She said, \"I cannot vote but I can be voted for.\" She was the first woman to run a full campaign for the office (Victoria Woodhull conducted a more limited campaign in 1872). The Equal Rights Party had no treasury, but Lockwood gave lectures to pay for campaign travel. She received approximately 4,194 votes nationally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 114], "content_span": [115, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0021-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nThe issue of personal character was paramount in the 1884 campaign. Blaine had been prevented from getting the Republican presidential nomination during the previous two elections because of the stigma of the \"Mulligan letters\": in 1876, a Boston bookkeeper named James Mulligan had located some letters showing that Blaine had sold his influence in Congress to various businesses. One such letter ended with the phrase \"burn this letter\", from which a popular chant of the Democrats arose \u2013 \"Burn, burn, burn this letter!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0021-0001", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nIn just one deal, he had received $110,150 (over $1.5 million in 2010 dollars) from the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroad for securing a federal land grant, among other things. Democrats and anti-Blaine Republicans made unrestrained attacks on his integrity as a result. Cleveland, on the other hand, was known as \"Grover the Good\" for his personal integrity; in the space of the three previous years he had become successively the mayor of Buffalo, New York, and then the governor of the state of New York, cleaning up large amounts of Tammany Hall's graft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0022-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nCommentator Jeff Jacoby notes that, \"Not since George Washington had a candidate for president been so renowned for his rectitude.\" In July the Republicans found a refutation buried in Cleveland's past. Aided by sermons from a minister named George H. Ball, they charged that Cleveland had fathered an illegitimate child while he was a lawyer in Buffalo. When confronted with the scandal, Cleveland immediately instructed his supporters to \"Above all, tell the truth.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0022-0001", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nCleveland admitted to paying child support in 1874 to Maria Crofts Halpin, the woman who claimed he fathered her child, named Oscar Folsom Cleveland after Cleveland's friend and law partner, but asserted that the child's paternity was uncertain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0022-0002", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nShortly before election day, the Republican media published an affidavit from Halpin in which she stated that until she met Cleveland her \"life was pure and spotless,\" and \"there is not, and never was, a doubt as to the paternity of our child, and the attempt of Grover Cleveland, or his friends, to couple the name of Oscar Folsom, or any one else, with that boy, for that purpose is simply infamous and false.\" In a supplemental affidavit, Halpin also implied Cleveland had raped her, hence the conception of their child. Republican cartoonists across the land had a field day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0023-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nCleveland's campaign decided that candor was the best approach to this scandal: it admitted that Cleveland had formed an \"illicit connection\" with the mother and that a child had been born and given the Cleveland surname. They also noted that there was no proof that Cleveland was the father, and claimed that, by assuming responsibility and finding a home for the child, he was merely doing his duty. Finally, they showed that the mother had not been forced into an asylum; her whereabouts were unknown. Blaine's supporters condemned Cleveland in the strongest of terms, singing \"Ma, Ma, Where's my Pa?\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0023-0001", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\n(After Cleveland's victory, Cleveland supporters would respond to the taunt with: \"Gone to the White House, Ha, Ha, Ha.\") However, the Cleveland campaign's damage control worked well enough and the race remained a tossup through Election Day. The greatest threat to the Republicans came from reformers called \"Mugwumps\" who were angrier at Blaine's public corruption than at Cleveland's private affairs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0024-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nIn the final week of the campaign, the Blaine campaign suffered a catastrophe. At a Republican meeting attended by Blaine, a group of New York preachers castigated the Mugwumps. Their spokesman, Reverend Dr. Samuel Burchard, said, \"We are Republicans, and don't propose to leave our party and identify ourselves with the party whose antecedents have been rum, Romanism, and rebellion.\" Blaine did not notice Burchard's anti-Catholic slur, nor did the assembled newspaper reporters, but a Democratic operative did, and Cleveland's campaign managers made sure it was widely publicized. The statement energized the Irish and Catholic vote in New York City heavily against Blaine, costing him New York state and the election by a narrow margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0025-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nIn addition to Burchard's statement, it is also believed that John St. John's campaign was responsible for winning Cleveland the election in New York. Since Prohibitionists tended to ally more with Republicans, the Republican Party attempted to convince St. John to drop out. When they failed, they resorted to slandering him. Because of this, he redoubled his efforts in upstate New York, where Blaine was vulnerable on his prohibition stance, and took votes away from the Republicans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0026-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nIn Burke County, Georgia, 897 votes were cast for bolting \"Whig Republican\" electors for president (they were not counted for Blaine).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0027-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, General election, Geography of results\nResults by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 80], "content_span": [81, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0028-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, General election, Results by state\nSource: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836\u20131892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247\u201357.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 76], "content_span": [77, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0029-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nMargin of victory between 1% and 5% (117 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027457-0030-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nMargin of victory between 5% and 10% (104 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027458-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Alabama\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the nationwide presidential election. Alabama voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027458-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Alabama\nAlabama was won by Grover Cleveland, the 28th governor of New York, (D\u2013New York), running with the former governor of Indiana Thomas A. Hendricks, with 60.37% of the popular vote, against Secretary of State James G. Blaine (R-Maine), running with Senator John A. Logan, with 38.69% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027459-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 4, 1884. All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Arkansas voters chose seven electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027459-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nArkansas voted for the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine by a margin of 17.12%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027460-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in California\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in California was held on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027460-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in California\nCalifornia voted for the Republican nominee, former Secretary of State James G. Blaine, by a comfortable margin, over the Democratic nominee, New York Governor Grover Cleveland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027461-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Colorado\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Colorado took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027461-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Colorado\nColorado voted for the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine, over the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland. Blaine won the state by a margin of 12.57 points. In its earliest years as a state Colorado was like the Plains States to its east  solidly Republican, with that party continuously controlling the legislature and holding the governorship for five of seven terms. This was in spite of widespread criticism of the national GOP for its monetary policy in a state that was the major producer of silver in the United States", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027462-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027462-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nConnecticut voted for the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine. Cleveland won the state by a very narrow margin of 0.94%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027463-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Delaware\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027463-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Delaware\nDelaware voted for the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine. Cleveland won the state by a margin of 13.35%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027464-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Florida\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Florida voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027464-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Florida\nFlorida was won by Grover Cleveland, the 28th governor of New York, (D\u2013New York), running with the former governor of Indiana Thomas A. Hendricks, with 52.96% of the popular vote, against Secretary of State James G. Blaine (R-Maine), running with Senator John A. Logan, with 46.73% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027465-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Georgia\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the wider United States Presidential election. Voters chose twelve representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027465-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote\nFollowing Reconstruction, Georgia would be the first former Confederate state to substantially disenfranchise its newly enfranchised freedmen and many poor whites, doing so in the early 1870s. This largely limited the Republican Party to a few North Georgia counties with substantial Civil War Unionist sentiment \u2013 chiefly Fannin but also to a lesser extent Pickens, Gilmer and Towns \u2013 and in presidential elections to a small number of counties elsewhere where blacks were not fully disenfranchised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 72], "content_span": [73, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027465-0001-0001", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote\nThe Democratic Party served as the guardian of white supremacy against a Republican Party historically associated with memories of Reconstruction, and the main competition became Democratic primaries, which were restricted to whites on the grounds of the Democratic Party being legally a private club. This restriction was done by local county laws, but combined with the highly efficacious cumulative poll tax introduced in 1877 meant that turnout declined steadily throughout the 1880s, unlike any other former Confederate state except South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 72], "content_span": [73, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027465-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote\nDespite economic problems in the mountain counties due to deflation produced by the gold standard and large-scale government spending reductions by the \u201cRedeemer\u201d Democrats, voter turnout, especially for opposition parties, would maintain its poll tax-driven decline until the Populist movement, which did not begin until five years after the 1884 election. Consequently, Cleveland and Hendricks were able to stabilise the decline from 1880, again carrying Georgia by almost a two-to-one margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 72], "content_span": [73, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027466-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Illinois\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose 22 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027466-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Illinois\nIllinois voted for the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine, over the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland. Blaine won the state by a narrow margin of 3.74%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027467-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Indiana\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027467-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Indiana\nIndiana voted for the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland over the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine. Cleveland won the state by a narrow margin of 1.31%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027468-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Iowa\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 4, 1884. All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Iowa voters chose thirteen electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027468-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Iowa\nIowa was won by Secretary of State James G. Blaine (R-Maine), running with Senator John A. Logan, with 52.25% of the vote, against Grover Cleveland, the 28th governor of New York, (D\u2013New York), running with the former governor of Indiana Thomas A. Hendricks, with 47.01% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027468-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Iowa\nThe Prohibition party chose the 8th Governor of Kansas, John St. John and Maryland State Representative William Daniel, received 0.40% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027469-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Kansas\nThe 1884 Presidential Election held in Kansas took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose nine representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027469-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Kansas\nKansas was won by Republican nominee, James G. Blaine, over the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland. Blaine won the state by a margin of 24.18%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027469-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Kansas\nWith 58.08% of the popular vote, Kansas would prove to be Blaine's third strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont and Minnesota. The state would also prove to be Greenback Party candidate Benjamin Butler's second strongest state after Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027470-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 4, 1884. All contemporary thirty-eight states were part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Kentucky voters chose thirteen electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027470-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote\nEver since the Civil War, Kentucky had been shaped politically by divisions created by that war between secessionist, Democratic counties and Unionist, Republican ones, although the state as a whole leaned Democratic throughout this era and the GOP would never carry the state during the Third Party System at either presidential or gubernatorial level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 73], "content_span": [74, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027470-0001-0001", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote\nWhat would become a long-lived partisan system after the state was freed from the direct control of former Confederates would not be seriously affected by the first post-war insurgency movement \u2013 that of the Greenback Party at the tail end of the 1870s in the secessionist Jackson Purchase and other western regions. The Democratic Party would permanently lose some of the Greenback voters, especially in the Western Coal Field region, with the result that nominee Grover Cleveland lost three points on Winfield Scott Hancock\u2019s 1880 margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 73], "content_span": [74, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027470-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last occasion when Russell County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 73], "content_span": [74, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027471-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 4, 1884. All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1884 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027471-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nLouisiana voted for the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine by a margin of 14.85%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027472-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Maine\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027472-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Maine\nMaine voted for the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine, over the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland. Blaine won his home state by a margin of 15.37%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027473-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Maryland\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027473-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Maryland\nMaryland voted for the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine. by a margin of 5.98%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027474-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose 14 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027474-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nMassachusetts voted for the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine, over the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland. Blaine won the state by a margin of 8.03%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027475-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Michigan\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027475-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Michigan\nMichigan was won by the Republican nominee James G. Blaine over Democrat Grover Cleveland in a close race by only 3,308 votes, a margin of less than 1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027476-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027476-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nMinnesota was won by Republican nominee, James G. Blaine, over the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland. Blaine won the state by a margin of 21.91%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027476-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nWith 58.78% of the popular vote, Minnesota would prove to be Blaine's second strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027477-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose 9 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027477-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nMississippi voted for the Democratic candidate, New York Governor Grover Cleveland over the Republican candidate, former Secretary of State James G. Blaine. Cleveland won Mississippi by a margin of 28.68%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027478-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Missouri\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 4, 1884. All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose 16 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027478-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Missouri\nMissouri was won by Governor Grover Cleveland of New York,  and Governor Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana, with 53.49% of the vote, against former Secretary of State and Senator James G. Blaine of Maine and his running mate Senator John A. Logan of Illinois, with 46.02% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027479-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027479-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nNebraska voted for the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine, over the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland. Blaine won the state by a margin of 16.78%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027479-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nWith 57.31% of the popular vote, Nebraska would prove to be Blaine's fifth strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont, Minnesota, Kansas and Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027480-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Nevada\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Nevada voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027480-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Nevada\nNevada was won by Secretary of State James G. Blaine (R-Maine), running with Senator John A. Logan, with 56.21% of the vote, against Grover Cleveland, the 28th governor of New York, (D\u2013New York), running with the former governor of Indiana Thomas A. Hendricks, with 43.59% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027480-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Nevada\nThe Greenback and Anti- Monopoly Parties both chose major general and former governor of Massachusetts Benjamin Butler and Absolom M. West, an unseated Mississippi representative, received 0.20% of the vote for the scant 26 votes they received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027481-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027481-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nNew Hampshire voted for the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine, over the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland. Blaine won the state by a narrow margin of 4.80%. This would be the last occasion a Democratic presidential candidate won Belknap County until Woodrow Wilson won it in 1912.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027482-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose nine representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027482-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nNew Jersey voted for the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine. Cleveland won his birth state by a very narrow margin of 1.67%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027483-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in New York\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4, 1884. All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose 36 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027483-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York was won by the Democratic nominees, Governor Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana. Cleveland and Hendricks defeated the Republican nominees, former Secretary of State and Senator James G. Blaine of Maine and his running mate Senator John A. Logan of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027483-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in New York\nCleveland narrowly carried New York State with a plurality of 48.25% of the vote to Blaine's 48.15%, a victory margin of 0.10%. In a distant third came the Prohibition Party candidate John St. John with 2.14%, while Greenback Party candidate Benjamin Butler came in fourth, with 1.46%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027483-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York weighed in for this election as less than 1% more Republican than the national average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027483-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in New York\nCleveland's narrow victory in his home state, with its 36 electoral votes, proved decisive in clinching him the 1884 election and allowing him to win the presidency. He won despite strong opposition to Cleveland from the corrupt Tammany Hall machine, which held significant influence over New York's politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027483-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in New York\nCleveland performed most strongly downstate in the New York City area, where he won New York County, Kings County, Queens County, and received over 60% of the vote in Richmond County. Cleveland also won nearby Suffolk County, Westchester County, and Rockland County. Blaine won much of upstate New York, including a victory in Erie County, home to the city of Buffalo, although Cleveland did manage to win Albany County, home to the state capital of Albany, along with several rural upstate counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027484-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. North Carolina voters chose 11 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027484-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nNorth Carolina was won by Grover Cleveland, the 28th governor of New York, (D\u2013New York), running with the former governor of Indiana Thomas A. Hendricks, with 53.25 percent of the popular vote, against Secretary of State James G. Blaine (R-Maine), running with Senator John A. Logan, with 46.59 percent of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027485-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Ohio\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Ohio was held on November 4, 1884 as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. State voters chose 23 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027485-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Ohio\nOhio was narrowly won by the Republican Party candidate, James G. Blaine, with 50.99% of the popular vote. The Democratic Party candidate, Grover Cleveland, garnered 46.94% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027486-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Oregon\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 4, 1884. All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027486-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Oregon\nOregon was won by Secretary of State James G. Blaine (R-Maine), running with Senator John A. Logan, with 50.99% of the vote, against Grover Cleveland, the 28th governor of New York, (D\u2013New York), running with the former governor of Indiana Thomas A. Hendricks, with 46.70% of the popular vote. Blaine won the state by a narrow margin of 4.29%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027486-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Oregon\nThe Greenback and Anti- Monopoly Parties both chose major general and former governor of Massachusetts Benjamin Butler and Absolom M. West, an unseated Mississippi representative, received 1.38% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027486-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Oregon\nThe Prohibition party chose the 8th Governor of Kansas, John St. John and Maryland State Representative William Daniel, received 0.93% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027487-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose 30 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027487-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nPennsylvania voted for the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine, over the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland. Blaine won Pennsylvania by a margin of 9.51%. This was the first time since 1824 that the national winner of the election did not carry Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027488-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027488-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nRhode Island voted for the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine, over the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland. Blaine won the state by a margin of 20.26%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027488-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nWith 58.07% of the popular vote, Rhode Island would prove to be Blaine's fourth strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont, Minnesota and Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027489-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose 9 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027489-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nSouth Carolina voted for the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine. Cleveland won the state by a wide margin of 51.84%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027490-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose twelve representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027490-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nFor over a century after the Civil War, Tennessee\u2019s white citizenry was divided according to partisan loyalties established in that war. Unionist regions covering almost all of East Tennessee, Kentucky Pennyroyal-allied Macon County, and the five West Tennessee Highland Rim counties of Carroll, Henderson, McNairy, Hardin and Wayne voted Republican \u2013 generally by landslide margins \u2013 as they saw the Democratic Party as the \u201cwar party\u201d who had forced them into a war they did not wish to fight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027490-0001-0001", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nContrariwise, the rest of Middle and West Tennessee who had supported and driven the state\u2019s secession was equally fiercely Democratic as it associated the Republicans with Reconstruction. After the state\u2019s white landowning class re-established its rule in the early 1870s, blacks and Unionist whites nonetheless forged adequate support for the GOP to produce a competitive political system for two decades, although during this era the Republicans could only capture statewide offices when the Democratic Party was divided on this issue of payment of state debt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027490-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nWhite Democrats in West Tennessee were always aiming to eliminate black political influence, and during the 1880s they attempted to do this by election fraud and stuffing of ballot boxes. However, at this stage the Republican Party was a strong force throughout the state and the Democratic Party had not yet achieved a monopoly in power in secessionist areas, with its statewide vote not rising above sixty percent in any year\u2019s congressional race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027490-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nTennessee was won by the Democratic nominees, Governor Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana. Cleveland and Hendricks defeated the Republican nominees, former Secretary of State and Senator James G. Blaine of Maine and his running mate Senator John A. Logan of Illinois, with 51.45% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027491-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Texas\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Texas was held on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. State voters chose 13 electors to represent the state in the Electoral College, which chose the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027491-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Texas\nTexas voted for the Democratic nominee Grover Cleveland, who received 69.3% of the vote. With 69.3% of the popular vote, the Lone Star State would prove to be Cleveland's second strongest state only after South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027492-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Vermont\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027492-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Vermont\nVermont voted for the Republican nominee, James G. Blaine, over the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland. Blaine won the Green Mountain State by a margin of 37.34%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027492-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Vermont\nWith 66.52% of the popular vote, Vermont would be Blaine's strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027493-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Virginia\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027493-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Virginia\nVirginia voted for the Democratic candidate, New York Governor Grover Cleveland over the Republican candidate, former Secretary of State James G. Blaine. Cleveland won Virginia by a margin of 2.15%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027493-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Virginia\nThe city of  Portsmouth supported Blaine in this election. It has proceeded to do so for president only twice since  1928, and  1972", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027494-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. West Virginia voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027494-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nWest Virginia was won by Grover Cleveland, the 28th governor of New York, (D\u2013New York), running with the former governor of Indiana Thomas A. Hendricks, with 50.94% of the popular vote, against Secretary of State James G. Blaine (R-Maine), running with Senator John A. Logan, with 47.75% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027494-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThe Prohibition Party chose John St. John, the former governor of Kansas, and former Maryland State Senator William Daniel as their presidential and vice-presidential candidates and received 0.71% of the vote. The Greenback and Anti- Monopoly Parties both chose major general and former governor of Massachusetts Benjamin Butler and Absolom M. West, an unseated Mississippi representative, received 0.60% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027495-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nThe 1884 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 4, 1884 as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. State voters chose 11 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027495-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nRepublican Party candidate James G. Blaine won Wisconsin with 50.38 percent of the popular vote, winning the state's eleven electoral votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027496-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 VFA season\nThe 1884 Victorian Football Association season was the eighth season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club. It was the club's sixth VFA premiership in just seven seasons, and was the third in a sequence of three consecutive premierships won from 1882 to 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027496-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 VFA season, Association membership\nThe senior metropolitan membership of the Association (including Geelong) increased from six to eight clubs in 1884. The two new clubs were the Williamstown Football Club, which was elevated from junior status; and the newly established Fitzroy Football Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027496-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 VFA season, Association membership\nAt this time, three other provincial senior clubs were full Association members represented on the Board of Management: Ballarat, South Ballarat (formerly known as Albion Imperial) and Horsham Unions. Due to distance, these clubs played too few matches against the rest of the VFA to be considered relevant in the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027496-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 VFA season, 1884 VFA premiership\nThe 1884 premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club, which won twenty-two and drew one of its twenty-five matches. Essendon finished second with sixteen wins and two draws from twenty-four matches; Hotham finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027496-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 VFA season, 1884 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe below table details the playing records of the eight clubs in all matches during the 1884 season. Two sets of results are given:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027496-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 VFA season, 1884 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Sportsman newspaper. The VFA had no formal process by which the clubs were ranked, so the below order should be considered indicative only, particularly since the fixturing of matches was not standardised; however, the top three placings were later acknowledged in publications including the Football Record and are considered official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027497-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 2, 1884. Incumbent Republican John L. Barstow, per the \"Mountain Rule\", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Samuel E. Pingree defeated Democratic candidate Lyman W. Redington to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027498-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Wabash football team\nThe 1884 Wabash College football team represented Wabash College during the 1884 college football season. The team would not garner the nickname \"Little Giants\" until late in its 1904 football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027499-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Washington Nationals (UA) season\nThe 1884 Washington Nationals finished with a 47\u201365 record in the Union Association, finishing in seventh place. This was the only season the team existed, and indeed the only season the Union Association existed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027499-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Washington Nationals (UA) season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 82], "content_span": [83, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027499-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Washington Nationals (UA) season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 75], "content_span": [76, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027499-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Washington Nationals (UA) season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 80], "content_span": [81, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027500-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Washington Nationals season\nThe 1884 Washington Nationals (sometimes called the Washington Statesmen) had a 12\u201351 record in the American Association when the team folded without finishing the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027500-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027500-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027500-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027500-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027500-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027501-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 West Macquarie colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of West Macquarie in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 2 July 1884 because of the resignation of Thomas Hellyer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027502-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on October 14, 1884, to elect the governor of West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027503-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1884 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 5 July until 19 July. It was the 8th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1884. The men's doubles (previously hosted by the Oxford University Club) and women's singles (originally planned by the London Athletic Club) were added to the Wimbledon Championships, but these were not started until after the men's singles competition had been completed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027503-0000-0001", "contents": "1884 Wimbledon Championships\nThe first prize for the women was valued at twenty guineas, and the second prize was valued at ten guineas There were thirteen female competitors. James Dwight, Arthur Rives and Dick Sears from the United States entered the men's singles event and were the first non-British and overseas players to enter the Wimbledon Championships. The South Western Railway ran special trains to the ground from Waterloo and the temporary Stand A at the Centre Court was converted into a permanent and covered stand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027503-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Gentlemen's Doubles\nErnest Renshaw /  William Renshaw defeated  Ernest Lewis /  Teddy Williams 6\u20133, 6\u20131, 1\u20136, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027504-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Doubles\nErnest Renshaw and William Renshaw defeated Ernest Lewis and Teddy Williams 6\u20133, 6\u20131, 1\u20136, 6\u20134 to win the inaugural Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1884 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027505-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Singles\nHerbert Lawford defeated Charles Walder Grinstead 7\u20135, 2\u20136, 6\u20132, 9\u20137 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champion William Renshaw defeated Herbert Lawford 6\u20130, 6\u20134, 9\u20137 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1884 Wimbledon Championships. James Dwight, Arthur Rives, and Richard Sears were the first overseas players to compete at Wimbledon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027506-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Ladies' Singles\nMaud Watson defeated her elder sister Lilian Watson 6\u20138, 6\u20133, 6\u20133 to win the inaugural Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1884 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027507-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1884 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027507-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nRepublican nominee Jeremiah McLain Rusk defeated Democratic nominee Nicholas D. Fratt and two other nominees with 51.00% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027507-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThis was the first Wisconsin gubernatorial election held in an even-numbered year. In 1882, a constitutional amendment was carried moving gubernatorial elections from odd-numbered to even-numbered years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027507-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Bibliography\nThis Wisconsin elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027508-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 World Series\nIn baseball, the 1884 World Series was a post-season championship series between the Providence Grays of the National League and the New York Metropolitans of the American Association at the Polo Grounds in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027508-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 World Series\nWhile the 1884 post-season championship series was the first such to be referred to as the \"World's Series,\" Major League Baseball considers the 1903 World Series the first. Nonetheless, the 1884 series was baseball's first inter-league championship contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027508-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 World Series, History\nIn 1884, Metropolitans manager Jim Mutrie issued a challenge to his NL counterpart, Frank Bancroft of the Grays. Mutrie's challenge was for a best-of-three series. Each team would put up a thousand dollars with the winner taking the booty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027508-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 World Series, History\nThis pre-modern-era World Series would feature a pitching match-up of future Hall of Famers and 300-game winners Charles \"Old Hoss\" Radbourn and Tim Keefe. That was the year Radbourn won his season-record 59 games (some sources say 60) for the Grays. Keefe was a \"mere\" 37\u201317. Playing under American Association rules, Radbourn and the Grays defeated the New York team in the first two games, 6\u20130 and 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027508-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 World Series, History\nOnly the first game went the full nine innings; the others were called after seven and six, because of darkness and extreme cold, respectively. The third game arguably should never have been played as the format was best-of-three, and Providence clinched in two. It was played with the hope of generating further revenue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027508-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 World Series, History\nThe crowd for the third game comprised only 300 people due to bitter cold. The Grays did not want to play due to the weather but were given the option of choosing the umpire if they would play. The Grays accepted and strategically chose Keefe, the Mets best pitcher. Radbourn, pitching his third complete game in three days, led the Grays to a 12\u20132 rout. For the series, Radbourn allowed 11 hits and no earned runs in 22 innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027508-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 World Series, History\nLocal newspaper The New York Clipper called the series \"The Championship of the United States.\" Several newspapers such as The Sporting Life penned the Grays as \"World Champions\", and the new title stuck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027508-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 World Series, History\nThe total attendance for the three games was 3,800. Despite the low attendance, the two leagues continued the series, and attendance and prize money increased each of the next two years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027508-0008-0000", "contents": "1884 World Series, The World Series of 1884\nProvidence Grays (NL) (84\u201328) vs New York Metropolitans (AA) (75\u201332)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027509-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1884 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1884 college football season. The team compiled an 8\u20130\u20131 record, shut out eight of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents, 495 to 10. The team was retroactively named as the national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and National Championship Foundation and as a co-national champion by Parke H. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027510-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections\nThe United States Senate elections of 1884 and 1885 were elections that coincided with the presidential election of 1884. Both Republicans and Democrats lost seats in the United States Senate due to the failure of three state legislatures to finish elections in time. Republicans, nevertheless, retained majority control and the Readjusters joined their caucus. By the beginning of the first session, in December 1885, Republicans had won all three vacant seats, increasing their majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027510-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections\nAs these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027510-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 48th Congress\nIn this election, the winner was seated in 1885 before March 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 104], "content_span": [105, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027510-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 49th Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1885; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027510-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 49th Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were elected in 1885 after March 4, sorted by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027510-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections, Complete list of races, New York\nThe New York election was held January 20, 1885, by the New York State Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 78], "content_span": [79, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027510-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections, Complete list of races, New York\nRepublican Elbridge G. Lapham had been elected to this seat in a special election in 1881 to succeed Roscoe Conkling who had resigned. Lapham's term would expire on March 3, 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 78], "content_span": [79, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027510-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections, Complete list of races, New York\nAt the State election in November 1883, 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1884-1885) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1884, 73 Republicans and 55 Democrats were elected for the session of 1885 to the Assembly. The 108th New York State Legislature met from January 6 to May 22, 1885, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 78], "content_span": [79, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027510-0008-0000", "contents": "1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections, Complete list of races, New York\nThe caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 19, President pro tempore of the State Senate Dennis McCarthy presided. 19 State senators and 73 assemblymen attended. The Evarts faction required the nomination to be made by viva voce vote, which was opposed by the Morton faction, but was carried by a vote of 64 to 28. The caucus nominated Ex-U.S. Secretary of State William M. Evarts on the first ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 78], "content_span": [79, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027510-0009-0000", "contents": "1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections, Complete list of races, New York\nThe Democratic caucus nominated Ex-Mayor of New York Edward Cooper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 78], "content_span": [79, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027510-0010-0000", "contents": "1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections, Complete list of races, New York\nWilliam M. Evarts was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 78], "content_span": [79, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027510-0011-0000", "contents": "1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections, Complete list of races, New York\nNote: The votes were cast on January 20, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 21 to compare nominations, and declare the result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 78], "content_span": [79, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027510-0012-0000", "contents": "1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections, Complete list of races, Ohio\nIn 1884, the Democrats held a majority in the Ohio legislature. In a caucus meeting to determine the party's choice for United States Senator, many Democratic legislators looked to replace the incumbent Senator, Democrat George H. Pendleton, because they disagreed with his advocacy of civil service reform and low tariffs. Some of Pendleton's opponents, led by Oliver Payne, promoted Henry B. Payne for the Senate seat, recalling his opposition to both of those positions during his time in the House. After a secret ballot by the Democratic caucus, Henry B. Payne received 46 out of 80 votes. Because Oliver was a trustee and treasurer of the Standard Oil company, many of the Pendleton supporters immediately alleged that $100,000 from the oil trust had been used to bribe Democratic legislators, and claimed that an open ballot would not have favored Payne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 936]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027510-0013-0000", "contents": "1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections, Complete list of races, Ohio\nWhen the full legislature met, Henry B. Payne was elected with 78 votes out of 120. The Democratic legislature initially refused to investigate their members' alleged corruption, but when Republicans regained the majority in the next session, the legislature looked into the allegations and forwarded the results to the federal Senate. The evidence gathered was voluminous, but the Senate declined to expel Payne, who proclaimed his innocence. While there was never enough evidence for definitive proof of bribery, biographer Dewayne Burke wrote that the \"circumstantial evidence seems to convict Payne\" of the charge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027510-0014-0000", "contents": "1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections, Complete list of races, Pennsylvania\nThe Pennsylvania election was held January 20, 1885. The Pennsylvania General Assembly convened January 20, 1885. Incumbent Republican J. Donald Cameron, who was elected in an 1877 special election and re-elected in 1879, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 82], "content_span": [83, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027511-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 attack on London Bridge\nOn Saturday 13 December 1884 two American-Irish Republicans carried out a dynamite attack on London Bridge as part of the Fenian dynamite campaign. The bomb went off prematurely while the men were in a boat attaching it to a bridge pier at 5.45 pm during the evening rush hour. There was little damage to the bridge, and no casualties other than the bombers. However, there was considerable collateral damage and \"hundreds of windows were shattered\" on both banks of the Thames. The men's boat was so completely destroyed the police initially thought the bombers had fled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027511-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 attack on London Bridge\nThe front-page of the Illustrated London News on 20 December 1884 featured a full-page illustration depicting the flash of the explosion from under the bridge as seen by witnesses. On 25 December the discovery was made of the mutilated remains of one of the bombers. The body of the other man were never recovered, but the police were later able to identify the dead men as two Americans, William Mackey Lomasney, and John Fleming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027511-0001-0001", "contents": "1884 attack on London Bridge\nThe men were identified after a landlord reported to police that dynamite had been found in the rented premises of two American gentlemen who had disappeared after 13 December, enabling police to piece together who was responsible for the attack. The men had already been under surveillance by the police in America and in Britain. While most accounts claim that there were three men killed, a Fenian History website reports only two deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027512-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 college football season\nThe 1884 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Princeton and Yale as having been selected national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027513-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in Argentina, Deaths\nThis article article about the history of Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027514-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1884 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027515-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027515-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1884 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027515-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1884 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027516-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in Australian soccer\nThe 1884 season was the first season of competitive Australia. The Anglo-Queensland Football Association introduced the Anglo Queensland FA Cup in 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027516-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 in Australian soccer, Anglo Queensland FA Cup\nThe Anglo Queensland FA Cup began in 1884. Rangers won the annual championship by beating St. Andrews 1\u20130 in the Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 50], "content_span": [51, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027516-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 in Australian soccer, Honours\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027517-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in Belgium\nThe following lists events that happened during 1884 in the Kingdom of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027519-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in Canada, Historical documents\nOpposition Leader Edward Blake touches on several Liberal Party principles and political points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027519-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 in Canada, Historical documents\nWinnipegger Alexander Begg lectures in London on his years in the Northwest", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027519-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 in Canada, Historical documents\nReport on Indigenous peoples of Northwest (Note: \"savage,\" other stereotypes)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027519-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 in Canada, Historical documents\nWitnesses describe tense stand-off between Mounties and armed group of Cree", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027519-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 in Canada, Historical documents\nTouring British scientists find Chief Crowfoot selling his personal items at Gleichen, Alberta", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027519-0005-0000", "contents": "1884 in Canada, Historical documents\nLetter of Louis Riel declining invitation to speak in Prince Albert", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027519-0006-0000", "contents": "1884 in Canada, Historical documents\nAnglophone Quebeckers assess agricultural and forestry advantages of Calgary region", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027519-0007-0000", "contents": "1884 in Canada, Historical documents\nNewspaper controversy over encouraging deaf people to settle in Northwest", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027519-0008-0000", "contents": "1884 in Canada, Historical documents\nNova Scotia woman writes to her mother about losing her newborn child", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027520-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in Canadian football\nThe 1884 Canadian football season was the second season since the creation of the Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) and the Quebec Rugby Football Union (QRFU) in 1883 and the first since the re-establishment of the Canadian Rugby Football Union (CRFU). The season was highlighted by the first ever Rugby Football Dominion Championship where the Montreal Football Club defeated the Toronto Football Club by a score of 30 to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027520-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 in Canadian football, Canadian football news in 1884\nOn February 7, 1884, the Canadian Rugby Football Union was formed to provide a regulatory body for Rugby Football in Canada along with establishing a national championship game. The QRFU adopted a point based system this year, adopting the ORFU model, as opposed to the previous year where they recorded the number of tries and goals scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027520-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 in Canadian football, QRFU results, Quebec Challenge Cup\nThe Montreal Football Club and the Britannia Football Club played for the Quebec Challenge Cup. The teams proved evenly matched with Montreal only scoring one rouge in the entire game while the Brits did not score. Since Montreal did not record enough points, the game ended in a draw. Because Britannia was not able to defeat Montreal, Montreal retained their Quebec title and were declared the champions of Quebec.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 61], "content_span": [62, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027520-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 in Canadian football, ORFU results\nAt the beginning of the season, 14 Ontario rugby clubs were eligible to compete for the Ontario Challenge Cup. Five of these clubs either did not participate or forfeited immediately. The remaining nine teams competed in a series of sudden death matches until one undefeated team remained, being named the Ontario Rugby Challenge Cup champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027520-0004-0000", "contents": "1884 in Canadian football, ORFU results, Ontario Challenge Cup\nPrior to the scheduled final between Toronto and Ottawa, Ottawa declared forfeit due to seven of their players being unable to make the trip to Toronto. Given the short notice, since the Toronto club received the telegram one day before the scheduled match, the integrity of the Ottawa club was questioned since they had at least 35 members and appeared reluctant to send a replacement team that would only lose. Since tickets had been paid for, Toronto attempted to schedule a match with Hamilton, but were refused due to the justifiably short notice. Consequently, the Toronto Football Club were Ontario Challenge Cup champions due to Ottawa's forfeit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 62], "content_span": [63, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027521-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1884 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027527-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in Ireland, Sport, Gaelic Games\nMichael Cusack, Maurice Davin and other Gaelic games enthusiasts meet to establish the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) on Saturday, November 1, 1884, in Hayes' Hotel, Thurles, County Tipperary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 36], "content_span": [37, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027529-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in Mexico, Notable deaths\nThis article related to a particular year is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027529-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 in Mexico, Notable deaths\nThis Mexican history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027530-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1884 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027530-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nThe 1884 general election is held on 22 July. Afterwards the 9th New Zealand Parliament is formed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027532-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1884 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027536-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1884 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027539-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1884 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027541-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in architecture\nThe year 1884 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027543-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1884 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027544-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1884  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027544-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 in baseball, All-Time Statistical Leaders (Strikeouts)\nThe 1884 season was memorable in that six of the top 10 all-time Major League Baseball single season strikeout totals were set that season:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 59], "content_span": [60, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027544-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 in baseball, Notable seasons\nOld Hoss Radbourn won a record 59 or 60 games (depending on the sources), a record that will almost certainly never be broken. In addition to wins, Radbourn led the National League in games (75), games started (73), complete games (73), ERA (1.38), saves (2), strikeouts (441), and innings pitched (678.2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027544-0003-0000", "contents": "1884 in baseball, Notable seasons\nThe season record for pitching strikeouts (369, by Tim Keefe 1883) is broken by seven players, with Hugh Daily beating Keefe's record by 114. To this day (as of 2020), six of the top ten strikeout seasons were accomplished in 1884 (including five of the top seven). 1884 was the first season in which pitchers were allowed to throw overhand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027546-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027547-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027548-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027548-0001-0000", "contents": "1884 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027548-0002-0000", "contents": "1884 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027549-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027550-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in science\nThe year 1884 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027551-0000-0000", "contents": "1884 in sports\n1884 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027554-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Bolton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe 1881\u201382 season was due to be the fourth season in which Bolton Wanderers competed in a senior competitive football competition. The club originally entered the FA Cup and were drawn to play Preston Zingari. However, both clubs withdrew due to a professional argument with The Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027555-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 British Home Championship\nThe 1884\u201385 British Home Championship was the second football tournament between the Home Nations and was, like the previous competition, won by a Scottish team which completely dominated proceedings. The English also performed well, beginning with a strong victory over Ireland but failing to capitalise on this start with 1\u20131 draws with Wales and Scotland. The Welsh thrashed Ireland 8\u20131 but were well beaten 8\u20132 by the Scots who won their final game in a similar scoreline against the Irish, who finished last having conceded 20 goals in three games. The Scots, who had scored 16 goals two games, would win (individually or shared) six of the first seven tournaments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1884\u201385 season was the 12th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0001-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nDumbarton's run in the Scottish Cup was short-lived as they were knocked out in the third round by Pollokshields Athletic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0002-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season, Dumbartonshire Cup\nAs the sport continued to grow, so did the demand for more competitive football, and so began the setting up of regional competitions for clubs in specific counties/cities. The first was nine years earlier with the first playing of the East of Scotland Shield (formerly the Edinburgh FA Cup) and with the formation of the Dumbartonshire Football Association in March 1884, the first Dumbartonshire Cup was put up for competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0002-0001", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season, Dumbartonshire Cup\nWith three of the strongest teams in the country at the time playing out of Dumbartonshire, it was no easy feat to win the cup, and Dumbarton required to see off both of their strongest local rivals, Renton in the first round and Vale of Leven in the final, to become the first winners for the county cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0003-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season, Glasgow Charity Cup\nDumbarton reached the final of the Glasgow Charity Cup for the second time. Three tough matches against Rangers were followed by a final against their old adversary Queen's Park, where they lost by the only goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0004-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDuring the season, 22 'friendly' matches were played, including a 0-0 draw against Queen's Park to celebrate the opening of the 'new' Hampden Park and 5 games against English opposition with mixed success. In all, 9 were won, 7 drawn and 6 lost, scoring 50 goals and conceding 30.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0005-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOf note amongst those donning the club's colours for the first time was Ralph Aitken.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0006-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0007-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\nAn international trial match was played on 7 March 1885 to consider selection of teams to represent Scotland in the 1885 British Home Championship. Robert 'Plumber' Brown, Joe Lindsay, James McAulay and Michael Paton played for a 'Counties XI' against a 'Glasgow XI' with the latter winning 3-1, Brown scoring the 'Counties' goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0008-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\nSubsequently, five Dumbarton players were selected to play, as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0009-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\n- Robert 'Plumber' Brown and Leitch Keir both earned their first caps against Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0010-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\n- Joe Lindsay earned his sixth and seventh caps against England and Wales respectively. He scored the only goal in the 1-1 draw against the English - and scored a hat-trick in the 8-1 defeat of Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0011-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\n- James McAulay earned his fifth and sixth caps against England and Wales respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0012-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\n- Michael Paton earned his third and fourth caps against England and Wales respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0013-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative matches\nThe Dumbartonshire Football Association played three representative matches during the season and Dumbarton players were selected to play as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027556-0014-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton withdrew from the Second Eleven Association in protest at the unsuccessful attempt to have the previous year's final against Kilmarnock Athletic replayed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027557-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Eastville Rovers F.C. season\nThe 1884\u201385 season was the second to be played by the team that are now known as Bristol Rovers, and their first playing under the name Eastville Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027557-0001-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nAs well as a new name, the team moved to a new ground known as Three Acres in the Ashley Down area of Bristol, and appointed Bill Somerton as captain. As with their previous season, the club played only friendly matches. Boxing, Cricket and Rugby were the most popular sports in Bristol at the time, and only a small number of association football teams played in the city, limiting the potential opposition for Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027557-0002-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nThe full details of the games played this season are not known, but they suffered a 7\u20131 defeat at the hands of Warmley some time before a second eleven lost 2\u20131 to the same opposition on 8 November 1884. Two matches were scheduled against Gloucester, in Gloucester on 27 December and in Bristol on 7 February, and there were also games played against Bristol Wagon Works, Clifton Wanderers, Melksham, Right Against Might, St George, and Wotton-under-Edge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027557-0003-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nIn addition to these games, a match was arranged against a team in Cardiff, but this had to be cancelled when the Rovers team refused to travel on the Aust Ferry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027558-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 FA Cup\nThe 1884\u201385 Football Association Challenge Cup was the fourteenth staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. 114 teams entered, 14 more than the previous season, although 8 of these never played a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027559-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nSeason 1884\u201385 was the tenth season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the tenth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027559-0001-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts entered the Scottish Cup at the second round winning their match against Dunfermline. Hearts should have proceeded to the third round but were disqualified for professionalism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027559-0002-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nLater that season Hearts reached the fourth round of the Edinburgh Shield losing to Rival Hibernian.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027560-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Hibernian F.C. season\nSeason 1884\u201385 was the 9th season in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the 8th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027560-0001-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nHibs reached the semi-final of the Scottish Cup, losing 2\u20131 to the Renton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027561-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Leicester Fosse F.C. season\nThe 1884\u201385 season was the first season in which Leicester Fosse competed in a senior football competition, though they would not play competitive football until 1887 and did not join the Football League until 1892, so only friendly matches were played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027562-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Morton F.C. season\nThe 1884\u201385 season was Morton Football Club's eighth season in which they competed at a national level, entering the inaugural Scottish Cup. The club competed in the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027563-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season\nThe 1884\u201385 season was Newton Heath LYR's second season of competitive football. Having entered the Lancashire Cup for the first time the previous year, they reached the Second Round this time around. However, it was to be the last time that the club entered a senior team in the competition until 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027563-0001-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season\nThe Heathens also entered a team in the Manchester and District Challenge Cup for the first time in 1885, and found much more success than in the Lancashire Cup; they reached the final at the first attempt, where they lost 3\u20130 to Hurst. Apart from the final, the team scored three goals or more in every round of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027563-0002-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season, Lancashire Cup\nThe Heathens' first entry into the Lancashire Cup had seen them drawn against Blackburn Olympic, who beat them comfortably despite playing their reserve team. The 1884\u201385 tournament paired Newton Heath with Haydock Temperance, to be played at North Road. The match was won 4\u20130 and set up a clash with Baxenden the following month. However, Baxenden proved to be tougher opposition than Haydock and beat the Heathens 4\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027563-0003-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season, Manchester and District Senior Cup\nThe 1884\u201385 Manchester Cup was Newton Heath's first foray into that competition. The competition was geared towards teams in and around the Manchester area, a narrower focus than the Lancashire Cup, thus limiting the number of quality teams that Newton Heath would come up against. Therefore, although it displayed less ambition from the club, it also provided them with a more likely chance of silverware.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 72], "content_span": [73, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027563-0004-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season, Manchester and District Senior Cup\nTheir first opposition in the competition was Eccles, whom they beat 3\u20132 at North Road on 31 January 1885. However, Eccles appealed against the result, claiming that Newton Heath's third goal was invalid and should not have stood. The match was replayed two weeks later at Henrietta Street, Old Trafford, home of the Manchester Association club. This time, Newton Heath won the match 3\u20130, putting the result beyond doubt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 72], "content_span": [73, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027563-0005-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season, Manchester and District Senior Cup\nIn the second round, the Heathens were pitted against the favourites for the cup, Manchester. However, despite being the home team and their status as favourites, Manchester were unable to compete with Newton Heath, who ran out 3\u20130 winners. The Railwaymen racked up another four goals in the semi-final against Owens College (which would go on to become the University of Manchester), winning 4\u20133 to put them into their first ever final. Their opponents in the final, played at Whalley Range in south Manchester, were Hurst. The Heathens went into the game with high hopes, coming off the back of some high-scoring games in the earlier rounds, but ultimately lost 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 72], "content_span": [73, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027564-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1884\u201385 season is the 11th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027565-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Scottish Cup\nThe 1884\u201385 Scottish Cup was the 12th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Renton won the competition for the first tie after they defeated Vale of Leven in a replayed final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027565-0001-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Scottish Cup\nDefending champions Queen's Park lost to Battlefield in the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027565-0002-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 130 teams entered the competition in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027565-0003-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Scottish Cup, First round\nCampsie Central, Dean Park, Heart of Midlothian and Maybole received a bye to the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027565-0004-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Scottish Cup, Second round\nCartvale, Hamilton Academical, Morton, Partick, St Bernard's and Vale of Nith received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027565-0005-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Scottish Cup, Fifth round\nBattlefield, Renton, Thornliebank, Vale of Leven and the winners of the replayed Arbroath vs Rangers tie received a bye to the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027566-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1884\u201385 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027566-0001-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027566-0002-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nGlasgow District: F. Macindoe (Glasgow Academicals), R. G. Eaglesham (West of Scotland), M. F. Reid (West of Scotland), A. E. Stephen (West of Scotland), H. Kennedy (Glasgow Academionls), J. M. Ross (West of Scotland), J. B. Brown (Glasgow Academicals), G. H. Robb (Glasgow Academicals), J. French (Glasgow Academicals), A. Young (Glasgow Academicals), J. Jamieson (West of Scotland) [ captain], D. Morton (West of Scotland), J. G. Mitchell (West of Scotland), A. Findlay (West of Scotland), and W. A. McDonald (1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027566-0002-0001", "contents": "1884\u201385 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nEdinburgh District: Cameron (Watsonians), A. Ronald (Edinburgh Wanderers), Evans (Edinburgh University), G. Maitland (Edinburgh Institution), A. R. Don Wauchope (Edinburgh Wanderers), P. Cosens (Royal HSFP), William Peterkin (Edinburgh University). Reid (Edinburgh Academicals), T. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution). Robert Maitland (Edinourgh Institution). J. Tod (Watsoniana), J. Brown (St. George), G. Henderson (Edinburgh Institution), J. Greig (Edinburgh Wanderers), Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027566-0003-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nEast: J. P. Veitch (Royal HSFP), G. Maitland (Edinburgh Institution) L. Evans (Edinburgh University), McKenzie (Institution), A. R Don Wauchope (Fettesian-Lorrettonians) P. H. Cosens (Royal HSFP), C. Reid (Edinburgh Academicals), T. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution), Dr. Tod (Watsonians), William Peterkin (Edinburgh University), Robert Maitland (Edinburgh Institution), R. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution), W. Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), Horsburgh (Royal HSFP), McEwen (Edinburgh Academicals) Reserves: W. Cameron (Watsonians), Aitken (Edinburgh Wanderers), Rutherford (Royal HSFP), W. J. Laing (Watsonians), Cosens (Royal HSFP), P. H. Don Wauchope (Edinburgh Wanderers), Greig (Edinburgh Wanderers), Douglas (Collegiate), Henderson (Edinburgh Institution)West: Macindoe (Glasgow Academicals), Holms (Blair Lodge), Stephen (West of Scotland), Eaglesham (West of Scotland), Kennedy (Glasgow Academicals), Graham (Glasgow Academicals), Jamieson (West of Scotland), Morton (West of Scotland), Mitchell (West of Scotland), Robb (Glasgow Academicals), Young (Glasgow Academicals), French (Glasgow Academicals), Macdonald (Glasgow University)Reserves: Finlay, W. Macdonald, Ker, Macdonald (lst Lanarkshire Volunteers), Holm, Bruce, Orr, W. McKendrick", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 1314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027567-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Stoke F.C. season\nThe 1884\u201385 season was the second season Stoke took part in the FA Cup; they, however, withdrew at the First Qualifying Round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027567-0001-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Stoke F.C. season, Season review\nStoke were drawn to play Scottish side Queens Park away; however, the directors were unhappy about having to pay the full travel costs and so decided to withdraw from the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027568-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Welsh Cup\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Adamsquire86 (talk | contribs) at 21:07, 18 March 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027568-0001-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 Welsh Cup\nThe 1884\u201385 FAW Welsh Cup was the 8th edition of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027569-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season\nThe 1884\u201385 season was the seventh season in the history of West Bromwich Albion Football Club. It was their third and final season at the Four Acres and their last season as an amateur club. Continuing the trial of various coloured kits during the club's early years, the players wore cardinal red and blue halved shirts. The club reached the FA Cup quarter-final for the first time, played in the semi-finals of the Staffordshire Senior Cup and Birmingham Charity Cup and were eliminated from the Birmingham Senior Cup at the third round stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027569-0001-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, FA Cup\nAlbion's second season in the FA Cup began with a first round match away at Junction Street School, Derby. The 7\u20131 victory was Albion's first ever win in the competition, with Jem Bayliss scoring the club's first FA Cup goal. In round two, Wednesbury Old Athletic were defeated by a 4\u20132 scoreline. Aston Villa provided the opposition in the third round; after a goalless draw in the initial match, Albion won the replay 3\u20130 in \"drenching rain\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 48], "content_span": [49, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027569-0002-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, FA Cup\nIn the fourth round, Albion faced Welsh side, Druids, who did not take to the field by the time the match was due to start. Peter Morris records that the Welshmen refused to start the match until one of their late-arriving players turned up, while according to G. A. Willmore, the entire Druids team was late to arrive. Either way, Albion scored unopposed straight from the kick-off, after which the Druids players did take to the field. Albion scored again, through Arthur Loach, but the earlier goal was not counted and the score was recorded as 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 48], "content_span": [49, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027569-0003-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, FA Cup\nAlbion were then given a bye to the sixth round, the first time that they had reached this stage of the competition. They lost 0\u20132 to eventual FA Cup winners Blackburn Rovers in front of 16,393 spectators, the highest ever attendance at the Four Acres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 48], "content_span": [49, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027569-0004-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Birmingham Senior Cup\nParticipating in their fourth Birmingham Senior Cup campaign, Albion faced Darlaston All Saints in the first round. Harry Aston scored a hat-trick in an 8\u20130 victory. In the second round, Jem Bayliss scored six goals in the team's 15\u20130 win against Bloxwich Strollers. Albion were eliminated in round three, losing 2\u20133 to St George's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027569-0005-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Staffordshire Senior Cup\nAlbion, taking part in the Staffordshire Senior Cup for the third time, beat Burton Swifts 7\u20131 in the first round. In round two, a hat-trick from Arthur Loach contributed to an 8\u20130 win against Leek. Another hat-trick in the third round, this time from Jem Bayliss, saw Albion beat Stoke 6\u20132. Despite having scored 21 goals in the first three rounds, Albion failed to find the net in the semi-final, losing 0\u20132 to Walsall Town at Stoke's Victoria Ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 66], "content_span": [67, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027569-0006-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Birmingham Charity Cup\nIn the Birmingham Charity Cup semi-final, Albion were defeated 1\u20134 by Aston Villa. This was the second season in succession that Villa had beaten Albion in the competition, and by the same scoreline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027569-0007-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Friendlies and benefit matches\nAs league football had yet to be established, West Bromwich Albion played in a number of friendly matches throughout the season. On 6 April 1885, Albion played their last game at the Four Acres, ahead of their move to Stoney Lane the following season. They beat Wednesbury Old Athletic 3\u20132, in front of 3,500 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027570-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 in English football\nThe 1884\u201385 season was the 14th season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027570-0001-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 in English football, National team\nEngland finished second in the British Home Championship, which was won by Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027570-0002-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 in English football, National team\nNote \u2013 Some sources credit England's third goal as a Joe Lofthouse goal, but match reports clearly state an Eames own goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027570-0003-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027571-0000-0000", "contents": "1884\u201385 in Scottish football\nThe 1884\u201385 season was the 12th season of competitive football in Scotland. This season saw three further additions to the list of regional competitions with the inaugural playing of the Dumbartonshire Cup, the Linlithgowshire Cup and the Perthshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027572-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\n1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1885th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 885th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 85th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  6th   year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1885, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027573-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 American Cup\nThe 1885 American Cup was the inaugural edition of this tournament staged by the American Football Association. Six teams contended for the first edition played in the 1884\u201385 season. Five of the teams were from New Jersey and one from New York. The Association and the tournament itself were the result of the success the game had in the previous winter and fall and despite all the teams coming from a relatively limited area it was anticipated that the game would undoubtedly grow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027573-0000-0001", "contents": "1885 American Cup\nThe draw for the first round was reported in newspapers on October 1 1884 after being conducted by the clubs' secretaries at Paterson. The completion of the trophy was announced several days later. The trophy was exhibited in several places around Newark, Paterson and New York. The trophy, originally valued at $200, was described as having \"a neat design in silver and gold appropriate figures of foot ballists being engraved on it\". Clark ONT became the first winners of the trophy along with the purse of $150.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027573-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 American Cup, Participants\nClark ONT played at their association ground in the rear of the Kearny Mills. They wore crimson jerseys, white knickerbockers, and crimson stockings. Paterson wore blue and white striped jerseys, white knickerbockers, and blue stockings. The Domestics, also having blue and white for colors, were composed of employees of the Domestic Manufacturing Company and played at their counterparts baseball ground at Williams Hill. However in March 1885 the Domestic company no longer allowed the baseball club to use that name so they simply became the Newark baseball club and their field also became Newark baseball grounds aka Emmett street grounds. The participants hailing from three different cities were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027573-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 American Cup, First round\nONT: GK J. Douglas, DF A. Kenworthy, E. Sargent, MF Joe Swithemby, J. Howarth, T. Smith, FW J. Spillane, J. Mitchell, Jack Swithemby, J.McGurk, William Clark Jr.(c)Domestic: GK W. Hollenbeck, DF J. Corby, F. Ward, MF C. Riker, L. Conklin, FW C. Fairchild, R.O'Toole, H.Chadwick(c), T. Bock, T. Butchford, J.Utter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027573-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 American Cup, Second round\nThe secretaries of the remaining three teams met on November 8 in East Newark to make the second round draw which resulted in the Rangers being pitted against New York on Thanksgiving Day with the winner to meet ONT in the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027573-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 American Cup, Second round\nKearny Rangers: GK D. Ferguson, DF W. Hood, D. Morris, MF John Hood, James Lennox(c), FW R. Raeburn, J. Hill, A. Bolton, H. Ashley, W. Taylor, J.Milner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027573-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 American Cup, Final round\nThe final was played in the snow on Valentine's Day. ONT emerged victorious by a score of 2-1, however captain Mitchell of New York entered a protest indicating that some of the ONT players were not members of the club and that the goal posts were not regulation size. The AFA ordered the game replayed at Paterson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027573-0006-0000", "contents": "1885 American Cup, Final round\nONT: GK P. Hughes, DF H. Holden, J. Donnelly, MF Joe Swithemby, J. Howarth, T. Smith, FW P. Garron, William Thornton, Jack Swithemby(c), J. Swarbrick, J.McGurk.New York: GK T. Walker, DF A. Johnston, F. Marsterton, MF W. Sinclair, J. Gold, FW A.Mitchell(c), A. Young, J. Lowe, J. Grant, D. Sinclair, D.McNeil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027574-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Antrim by-election\nThe Antrim by-election, 1885 was a by-election held on Thursday 21 May 1885 for the British House of Commons constituency of Antrim in present-day Northern Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027574-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Antrim by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election was caused by the death, at the age of only 43, of the sitting Conservativel MP James Chaine on 4 May 1885. Chaine had been one of the MPs for the constituency since 1874.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027574-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Antrim by-election, Candidates\nThe Conservatives selected Robert Torrens O'Neill as their candidate. O'Neill, who was 40 years old at the time of the by-election, was the third son of Lord O'Neill and thus a member of the prominent Irish Chichester family headed by the Marquess of Donegall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027574-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Antrim by-election, Candidates\nThe Liberals chose William Pirrie Sinclair, a 38-year-old, Belfast born merchant and ship owner with business interests in Glasgow, Liverpool and elsewhere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027574-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Antrim by-election, The campaign\nO'Neill announced his candidature with the issue of an address to the electors of Antrim, calling himself a Constitutional candidate. He said he would try to advance the interests of the tenant farmers and would support measures to enable them to buy their farms on easy terms. He also pledged strenuously to oppose the admission of atheists to Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027574-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Antrim by-election, The campaign\nSinclair had two main campaigning themes. He favoured some reform of Irish government but opposed Home Rule. He also took a stand against the policies of his own government in opposing the case for coercion laws, for example those which allowed imprisonment without trial or rent boycotts and those giving government officers the power to change trial venues or appoint special juries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027574-0006-0000", "contents": "1885 Antrim by-election, Result\nSinclair gained the seat from the Tories with a majority of 139 votes. This seemed to come as something of a surprise to both sides as the Conservatives had been reported as confident and the Liberals rather despondent. The defeat was taken as a bad omen for the Conservatives in view of the forthcoming general election. One commentator put forward the possible explanation that the Conservatives had not taken the election as seriously as they should, given that the general election would soon be upon them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027574-0006-0001", "contents": "1885 Antrim by-election, Result\nThere was a reduced turnout over the previous general election in 1880 and it was felt that the voters too were underwhelmed by the prospect of going to the polls twice in quick succession. The Liberals believed that their candidates stand on Coercion was an important factor. Thomas Alexander Dickson Liberal MP for Tyrone said he had spoken at one of Sinclair's campaign meetings and had been enthusiastically received on this issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027574-0006-0002", "contents": "1885 Antrim by-election, Result\nThe Times newspaper was sceptical on this as an explanation, which, it reported, could have been down to numerous factors; but it did point to the Coercion question as one which could prove fruitful for the Irish Party at the forthcoming general election and problematic for the Liberals. This certainly seemed to prove true. The Liberals failed to win any seat in what is today Northern Ireland at the 1885 general election, while the Conservatives won sixteen and the Nationalists eight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027574-0006-0003", "contents": "1885 Antrim by-election, Result\nOne psephologist has noted that the fact that the Liberal Party was not in a majority in the House of Commons was caused by the activities of the Irish Nationalists. Charles Stewart Parnell had advised his supporters to vote Conservative if there were no Irish Nationalist candidates running and that it is almost certain the Nationalists caused the loss of at least five, or perhaps seven or more Liberal seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027574-0007-0000", "contents": "1885 Antrim by-election, Result\nThe Antrim seat itself was abolished for the 1885 election and divided into four single member divisions. Sinclair stood in North Antrim in a three-cornered contest but was not successful. The defeated O'Neil was luckier. He tried his hand in the new seat of Mid Antrim where he beat Sinclair's by-election helper Thomas Dickson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027574-0008-0000", "contents": "1885 Antrim by-election, Result\nSinclair did however return to the House of Commons at the 1886 general election as Liberal Unionist Party member for Falkirk Burghs in the central Scottish Lowlands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027575-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Argyle colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Argyle on 31 March 1885 because of the resignation of John Gannon resigned due to ill health.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027576-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1885 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and the first half of fall in 1885. This is the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. In 1885 there were two tropical storms and six hurricanes in the Atlantic basin. However, in the absence of modern satellite monitoring and remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027576-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) recognizes eight tropical cyclones for 1885 in the Atlantic basin; two were tropical storms and six were hurricanes. The most significant storm of the season was Hurricane Two, which hit Georgia as a Category 2 hurricane, causing 25 deaths. The first cyclone was a tropical storm that existed in the Atlantic between August 7 and August 13 without making landfall. From north of Puerto Rico, Hurricane Two struck the Bahamas but then remained offshore until making a landfall in South Carolina. The hurricane caused considerable damage throughout the Carolinas, Georgia and Maryland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027576-0001-0001", "contents": "1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nAlso in August, Tropical Storm Three formed in the Gulf of Mexico, before crossing Florida and dissipating off South Carolina. Hurricane Four also grew from a tropical storm that formed in the Gulf of Mexico. It brought high winds and flooding to towns along the Gulf coast. This storm also crossed over Florida into the Atlantic and eventually made another landfall at New Brunswick as an extratropical storm. Hurricane Five existed in the tropical Atlantic between September 18 and September 21, without making landfall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027576-0001-0002", "contents": "1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nHurricane Six formed as a tropical storm in the Gulf of Mexico and reached hurricane strength off North Carolina a week later on October 2. The cyclone had impacted both Mississippi and Florida as it had travelled north. Hurricane Seven existed in the mid-Atlantic between September 26 and September 29. The last known cyclone of 1885 was Tropical Storm Eight which formed north of Cuba and impacted Florida. It travelled through the south-east United States and brought gales and flooding to the North Carolina coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027576-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nA tropical storm was seen on August\u00a07 to the southeast of Bermuda. It moved north-northeastward, and became a hurricane on August\u00a08. It turned to the northeast, and passed offshore of Newfoundland on the 10th as a 90\u00a0mph\u00a0(145\u00a0km/h) hurricane. The hurricane weakened over the north Atlantic Ocean, and became extratropical on the 14th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027576-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nA tropical storm was first observed north of Puerto Rico on August\u00a021. It moved to the west, hitting the Bahamas. It paralleled the coast of Florida and Georgia, remaining offshore until its South Carolina landfall on the 25th as a Category\u00a02 hurricane. The hurricane passed across North Carolina just west of Wilmington and Hatteras. At Smithville (Southport) the anemometer was destroyed measuring a wind speed of 98\u00a0mph. The maximum wind speed was estimated at125\u00a0mph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027576-0003-0001", "contents": "1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nThe hurricane weakened to a Category 1 hurricane as it accelerated to the northeast, but restrengthened to a 105\u00a0mph\u00a0(169\u00a0km/h) Category 2 hurricane on the 27th. It became extratropical on August 28. The storm caused considerable damage at Wilmington, Smithville (Southport), Charleston and at Morehead City. The value of this damage was estimated at $1,790,000. Heavy rains and flooding were also seen across Maryland. At Ellicott City, Maryland lightning set fire to a residence causing damage worth $16,000. In total the hurricane caused 25 deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027576-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three\nA tropical storm formed in the western Gulf of Mexico on August\u00a029. It moved quickly to the northeast, and made landfall on extreme southeastern Louisiana on the 30th as a 60\u00a0mph\u00a0(97\u00a0km/h) tropical storm. After crossing Florida, the storm was last seen off the coast of South Carolina on August\u00a031.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027576-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nOn September\u00a017, a tropical storm developed in the western Gulf of Mexico near Veracruz, Mexico. It paralleled the Gulf of Mexico coastline to the northeast flooding coastal towns. Winds along the Texas coast at Indianola were reported at 45 miles per hour (72\u00a0km/h). After hitting southeastern Louisiana on September\u00a021, the storm crossed Florida. Over the Western Atlantic, it strengthened to become a hurricane on the 22nd before becoming extratropical near its New Brunswick landfall on the 23rd. The storm brought flooding to Indianola and coastal flooding in the Galveston area. Four people died when a coal barge, the Orient, was cast adrift in the Gulf.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027576-0006-0000", "contents": "1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nFrom September\u00a018 to the 21st, a hurricane existed in the tropical Atlantic Ocean to the northeast of the Lesser Antilles, peaking at 80\u00a0mph\u00a0(129\u00a0km/h) before never being seen again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027576-0007-0000", "contents": "1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nA tropical storm formed in the central Gulf of Mexico on September\u00a024. It drifted northward, and hit southeastern Mississippi before turning eastward. It moved across the Florida panhandle and peninsula, and became a hurricane to the southeast of North Carolina on October\u00a02. Its track after this point is unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027576-0008-0000", "contents": "1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nA tropical storm in the central Atlantic Ocean moved northward in late September, reaching 90\u00a0mph\u00a0(145\u00a0km/h) winds before dissipating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027576-0009-0000", "contents": "1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nA tropical storm formed north of Cuba on October\u00a010. It moved northward, and hit Florida as a strong tropical storm. It moved northeastward through the southeast United States, passing west of Jacksonville and later Savannah. It reached southwestern Virginia around midnight on October\u00a012 and became extratropical on the 13th. Gales of 44-56\u00a0mph occurred along the North Carolina coast. High tides coincided with the storms passage and led to the waterfront at Smithville (Southport) being flooded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027577-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Aylesbury by-election\nThe Aylesbury by-election, 1885 was a by-election held on Thursday 16 July 1885 for the British House of Commons constituency of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027577-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Aylesbury by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election was caused by the elevation to the peerage of the sitting Liberal MP Sir Nathaniel Rothschild (usually known as 'Natty') of the famous Rothschild merchant banking family. Rothschild had been one of the two MPs for Aylesbury since 1865. However, since the formation of the Liberal government of W E Gladstone in 1880, Rothschild had become increasingly disillusioned with the policies of his leader. In particular he was odds with Gladstone's foreign policy in the Middle East and domestically he was an opponent of Irish home rule. It is likely that Gladstone agreed to send Rothschild to the House of Lords to reinforce his Liberal sympathies or perhaps to have him replaced in the Commons by someone more supportive of party policy. In neither case was he successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 821]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027577-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Aylesbury by-election, Candidates\nThe Liberals chose another scion of the Rothschild family, Ferdinand de Rothschild. 'Ferdy' Rothschild, who was aged 46 years at the time of the by-election, was a man of considerable independent means as a result of his family connections and spent most of his time in art collecting and appreciation, although he also had a great fondness for country sports. It was Ferdy who was responsible for the building of the magnificent, Ch\u00e2teau-like Waddesdon Manor. Ferdinand was the brother-in-law of Natty Rothschild, who was the brother of Ferdy's late wife Evelina (1839-1866). Natty did not like Ferdinand and considered him 'effete, fussy and pretentious'. However politically, as it turned out, Ferdinand was in tune with his brother-in-law as they both moved from the Liberal to the Liberal Unionist Party cutting themselves off from Gladstone on the issue of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 910]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027577-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Aylesbury by-election, Candidates\nThe Conservatives, who had history of sharing the Aylesbury seat with the Liberals, chose Mr William Graham as their candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027577-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Aylesbury by-election, The campaign\nGraham announced his candidature and launched his campaign at the market ordinary held at the George Hotel in Aylesbury on 27 June 1885 with a speech to assembled businessmen. Rothschild issued an address to the electors on 30 June. Among the reforms he said he would support were measures for making the transfer of land cheaper and easier, equalising duties on property and the abolition or modification of the law on entail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027577-0004-0001", "contents": "1885 Aylesbury by-election, The campaign\nHe was in favour of some degree of the licensing of public houses to be placed in the hands of the ratepayers, deplored the economic conditions which had afflicted rural areas and pledged to do what he could to alleviate hardships and make the cultivation of land more attractive. He stated that every cottage occupier should be given enough garden ground to grow his own food and, like other members of his family, said he was strongly supportive of measures designed to extend and secure civil and religious rights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027577-0004-0002", "contents": "1885 Aylesbury by-election, The campaign\nHe was a free trader, opposed to any levies of taxes on imported food. These articulate sounding views may not however have been all Ferdinand's own work. The Liberal politician Lewis 'Loulou' Harcourt regarded Ferdy as something of a political prot\u00e9g\u00e9e but wrote in his diary that while he was glad Ferdinand had been selected as candidate, senior Liberals had reservations that he was capable of getting through the campaign without someone to look after him. He also recorded that Ferdy was 'profoundly ignorant on all political subjects and was in need of a great deal of cramming'. Fortunately, Harcourt records, he was to visit the constituency soon and speak for Rothschild and no doubt did his best to bring his prot\u00e9g\u00e9e up to scratch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027577-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Aylesbury by-election, The campaign\nMeetings and canvassing took place, with visits from Liberal and Conservative MPs \u2013 some were described as 'uproarious' and a free for all took place outside the George Hotel after polls had closed on the evening of 16 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027577-0006-0000", "contents": "1885 Aylesbury by-election, Result\nRothschild comfortably held the seat for the Liberals with a majority of 937 votes. This seems to have come as something of a surprise for the other Liberal MP for Aylesbury, George Russell. On the eve of poll, Russell had confided in Louisa, Lady Knightley of Fawsley, the wife of Tory MP Rainald Knightley, that he was low at the possible outcome of the contest. Lady Knightley recorded in her journal that it would be a triumph if the Conservatives were to beat Rothschild.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027577-0006-0001", "contents": "1885 Aylesbury by-election, Result\nThis is confirmed by Loulou Harcourt who wrote in his Journal for 17 July 1885 that when he got a telegram from Rothschild with the result of the by-election he was pleased the majority was very much larger than expected and most satisfactory for most of the electors were agricultural labourers. The result must also therefore have been a relief to Gladstone and the Liberal leadership, although not for too long in view of the Rothschilds' defection to the cause of Liberal Unionism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027577-0007-0000", "contents": "1885 Aylesbury by-election, Result\nFerdy Rothschild held his seat as a Liberal at the 1885 general election and retained it as a Liberal Unionist thereafter at every election until dying in office in December 1898.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027578-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027578-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027578-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027578-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027578-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027579-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Belmont Stakes\nThe 1885 Belmont Stakes was the 19th running of the Belmont Stakes, a race that would become the third leg of the U.S. Triple Crown series. Run on June 6, 1885, it was the 19th time the event was held at Jerome Park Racetrack in The Bronx, New York. The race drew six starters and was won easily by Tyrant who beat George L. Lorillard's runner-up St. Augustine by three lengths, with third place going to Preakness Stakes winner Tecumseh owned and trained by Charles Littlefield Sr. Heavily favored, Tyrant's winning time was 2:43 flat over a distance of 1\u00bd miles on a dirt track which was rated as good. The Breeder and Sportsman report on the race stated that \"Tyrant won the race in the most easy manner possible.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027579-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Belmont Stakes, Background to the big race\nIn 1884, the two-year-old Tyrant was conditioned for racing on the Rancho Del Paso's three-quarter mile training track but it was decided that the colt was not yet ready for the rigors of competition. As such, Tyrant only began his racing career as a three-year-old in 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027579-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Belmont Stakes, Background to the big race\nTo be prepared and able to compete at racetracks in the New York City area, Tyrant and six other horses along with jockey Patsy Duffy and trainer William Claypool had traveled for 13 days from Rancho Del Paso Stud in Sacramento County, California. The New York racing community marveled at the excellent condition of the seven horses which had been shipped by rail transport in a boxcar specially built for Rancho Del Paso owner James Ben Ali Haggin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027579-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Belmont Stakes, Background to the big race\nTyrant soon showed how good he was with a win in the important Withers Stakes at the Jerome Park track. As reported by the Breeder and Sportsman, Tyrant was trained by William Claypool and the win in the Withers Stakes marked the first time a California horse with a California trainer had won a major race for three-year-olds on the East Coast. About the Belmont Stakes, the Breeder and Sportsman wrote that \"out of the original entry of sixty-two horses there were only six left in, most of them having been frightened by Tyrant's victory in the Withers.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027579-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Belmont Stakes, Background to the big race\nMiss Palmer was the only filly in the field and was in last place shortly after the race began and remained there until the end. While the filly had won the Ladies Stakes on the same track as the Belmont, and had done it impressively, that was just seven days before the Belmont Stakes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027580-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Birthday Honours\nThe Queen's Birthday Honours 1885 are the birthday honours announced in 1885 in celebration of the birthday of Queen Victoria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027580-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Birthday Honours, The Most Honourable Order of the Bath\nAppointments to the Order of the Bath were published in The London Gazette on 15 June 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 60], "content_span": [61, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027580-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Birthday Honours, Order of St Michael and St George\nAppointments to the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George were published in The London Gazette on 6 June 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 56], "content_span": [57, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027580-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Birthday Honours, Order of the Star of India\nAppointments to the Order of the Star of India were published in The London Gazette on 6 June 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 49], "content_span": [50, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027580-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Birthday Honours, Order of the Indian Empire\nAppointments to the Order of the Indian Empire were published in The London Gazette on 6 June 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 49], "content_span": [50, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027580-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Birthday Honours, Knight Bachelor\nAppointments of Knight Bachelor were published in Times, London on 6 June 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027581-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Boston Beaneaters season\nThe 1885 Boston Beaneaters season was the fifteenth season of the franchise. The team finished in fifth place in the National League with a record of 46\u201366, 41 games behind the Chicago White Stockings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027581-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027581-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027581-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027582-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1885 saw the reelection of Hugh O'Brien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027583-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Brooklyn Grays season\nThe 1885 Brooklyn Grays finished the season in fifth place. The team added several players from the defunct Cleveland Blues team after team owner Charlie Byrne bought the Blues assets for $10,000 after the 1884 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027583-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Brooklyn Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs Scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027583-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Brooklyn Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs Scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027584-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Bruce by-election\nThe 1885 Bruce by-election was a by-election held on 5 August 1885 in the Bruce electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027584-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Bruce by-election\nThe by-election was held after the resignation of Robert Gillies for health reasons. He had won the seat at the general 1884 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027584-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Bruce by-election\nThe runner-up James McDonald had represented Bruce up to the 1884 election. A former representative of the Bruce electorate, William Murray, was invited to contest the by-election but he declined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027584-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Bruce by-election\nJ. C. Anderson was born in Bruce and had farmed there for thirteen years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027584-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Bruce by-election\nWilliam Hutchison wrote that he had \"many pleasant memories\" of the electoratebut another correspondent said it was a \"very palpable defeat\" and denied that the Kaitangata miners were told how to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027585-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Buffalo Bisons season\nThe 1885 Buffalo Bisons finished the season with a 38\u201374 record, good for seventh place in the National League. As things continued to implode on the field, the team ownership sold the whole franchise to the Detroit Wolverines. With all their players gone, the team finished out the season with local amateurs filling in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027585-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027585-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027585-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027585-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027586-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Canterbury colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of Canterbury in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 16 September 1885 because Henry Moses was appointed to the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027587-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Central Cumberland colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Central Cumberland on 21 November 1885 because of the resignation of John Lackey who was appointed to the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027588-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1885 Chicago White Stockings season was the 14th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 10th in the National League and the 1st at the first West Side Park. The White Stockings won the National League pennant for the first time since 1882, beating the New York Giants by two games. They went on to face the St. Louis Browns in the 1885 World Series. The series ended without a champion, with both teams winning three games with one tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027588-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027588-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027588-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027588-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027588-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027588-0006-0000", "contents": "1885 Chicago White Stockings season, 1885 World Series\nThe White Stockings tied the St. Louis Browns in the World Series 3\u20133\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027589-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Chicago mayoral election\nThe Chicago mayoral election of 1885 saw Democratic incumbent Carter Harrison Sr. win an unprecedented fourth term, receiving a majority of voter and narrowly defeating Republican Sidney Smith by a less than half-percent margin of victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027589-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nRepublicans exploited controversies which had tarnished the image of Harrison's administration. Unsubstantiated allegations of voter fraud and patronage had been key controversies throughout his mayoralty. In February 1885, a month before the election, a grand jury found Michael Cassius McDonald's right-hand man Joseph Mackin and others with connections to Harrison guilty of election fraud in the 1884 elections. Despite the fact that no personal wrongdoing on Harrison's part was involved in these charges, the charges against Mackin and others compounded with the preexisting rumors relating to Harrison to foster a public sentiment that challenged Harrison's popularity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027589-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nCitizens groups led by the city's elite forged a strong campaign effort against Harrison, taking advantage of the voter fraud charges against those connected to Harrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027589-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nHarrison lost the support of many liberal German voters that had previously voted for him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027589-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Chicago mayoral election, Results\nLess than 50% of the city's German population voted for Harrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027590-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka\n1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka was an ethnic cleansing event that took place in Eureka, California on February 7, 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027590-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Background\nAnti - Chinese sentiment in the United States had been rising since mid-19th century. Numerous anti-Chinese riots broke out in the west, including California. The San Francisco riot of 1877 led to the formation of the Workingmen's Party of California that same year; its slogan \"The Chinese must go!\" served to further incite resentment toward Chinese immigrants. The growing sinophobia was reflected in 1882 when the United States Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, ceasing Chinese immigration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027590-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Background\nIn the Humboldt Bay area, the logging industry drew Chinese laborers, who formed a Chinatown in Eureka around Fourth and E streets. By 1880 the Chinese population in Eureka was reported to be 96.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027590-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Expulsion\nOn the evening of February 6, 1885 around 6 pm, Eureka City Councilman David Kendall was caught in the crossfire of two rival Chinese gangs and killed. Two hundred feet from Chinatown was Centennial Hall (built a decade before to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence), where a crowd of over 600 whites gathered and decided to evict the Chinese.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027590-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Expulsion\nNext day, February 7, city resolutions were passed stipulating that \"all Chinamen be expelled from the city and that none be allowed to return.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027590-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Expulsion\nA Committee of Fifteen organized the systemic deportation of virtually all 480 Chinese residents aboard two steamships to San Francisco; only a few Chinese managed to stay within the county.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027590-0006-0000", "contents": "1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Expulsion\nAmazingly, no fatalities occurred during the expulsion, but Chinatown was demolished, with nothing left behind. To this day, there are few Asians in Humboldt County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027590-0007-0000", "contents": "1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Aftermath\nThis \"peaceful\" method of expelling Chinese was touted as The Eureka Method (or Eureka Plan), and served as a model for Chinese expulsions in other California cities, including Crescent City (1885), Arcata (1886), Ferndale (1906), as well as other towns along the west coast such as Tacoma, Washington (1885).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027590-0008-0000", "contents": "1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Aftermath\nIn 1886 the San Francisco Chinese Six Companies sued the city of Eureka in Wing Hing vs. Eureka, demanding reparations and financial compensation as a consequence of the expulsion, but the case was dropped since the Chinese couldn't own land, they had lost no property.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027590-0009-0000", "contents": "1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Aftermath\nIn 1890, the Humboldt County business directory boasted it is \"The Only County in the State Containing No Chinamen\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027590-0010-0000", "contents": "1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Aftermath\nExclusion of Chinese and other Asians in Eureka continued well into the 20th century. In 1941, the Eureka City Council revised its charter:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027590-0011-0000", "contents": "1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Aftermath\nSec . 190 No Chinese shall ever be employed, either directly or indirectly on any work of the city, or in the performance of any contract or sub-contract of the city, except in punishment of a crime. Nor shall any provisions, supplies, materials, or articles of Chinese manufacture or production ever be use or purchased by or furnished to the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027590-0012-0000", "contents": "1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Aftermath\nThis section was not removed from Eureka's charter until 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027591-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season\nThe 1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season was a season in American baseball. The team finished second in the American Association, 16 games behind the St. Louis Browns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027591-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nDuring the off-season, the Red Stockings hired O. P. Caylor to become the manager of the team, the first time in club history that the club did not have a player-manager. Cincinnati also signed Tony Mullane to a contract. Mullane, who spent the 1884 season with the Toledo Blue Stockings, had a 36\u201326 record with a 2.52 ERA in 67 starts, striking out 325 batters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027591-0001-0001", "contents": "1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nMullane was suspended for the 1885 season for defying his contract, as the Blue Stockings and the St. Louis Maroons, another team he tried to sign with, folded after the 1884 season, and the St. Louis Browns attempted to reclaim Mullane, as he pitched there in 1883. Before the Browns could reclaim him, he signed with the Red Stockings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027591-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nFrank Fennelly, who the Red Stockings acquired late in the 1884 season from the Washington Nationals, had a breakout season, hitting .273 with ten home runs and a league high 89 RBI. Charley Jones led the team with a .322 average, and had five home runs and 35 RBI to go along with it, while John Reilly hit .297 with five homers and 60 RBI.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027591-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nOn the mound, nineteen-year-old Larry McKeon led the Red Stockings with 20 wins and a 2.86 ERA in 33 starts, while Will White had eighteen wins and a 3.53 ERA in 34 starts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027591-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season, Season summary\nCincinnati began the season very well, putting up an impressive 16\u20138 record in their first 24 games to sit in second place in the league, two games behind the St. Louis Browns. The Red Stockings then began to slump, as they would win only six of their next sixteen games to slip into third place, seven games behind the Browns. On July 1, the Red Stockings acquired Jim Keenan and Larry McKeon, who both jumped from the Detroit Wolverines to join Cincinnati. The Red Stockings improved with their new acquisitions in the lineup, as the team eventually moved back into second place, however, they were too far behind the Browns, and Cincinnati finished the season with a 63\u201349 record, good for second place, however, they were sixteen games out of first.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 68], "content_span": [69, 822]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027591-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 81], "content_span": [82, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027591-0006-0000", "contents": "1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027591-0007-0000", "contents": "1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027591-0008-0000", "contents": "1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027591-0009-0000", "contents": "1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 77], "content_span": [78, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027592-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Cincinnati football team\nThe 1885 Cincinnati football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1885 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20130\u20131 record. Arch Carson was the team captain. The team had no head coach and played its home games at Union Ball Park in Cincinnati. In its inaugural season of college football, Cincinnati played two games against the Mount Auburn Athletic Club team with the games three weeks apart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027592-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Cincinnati football team\nCincinnati did not play its first intercollegiate football game until three years later in December 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027593-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Colorado College Tigers football team\nThe 1885 Colorado College Tigers football team represented Colorado College during the 1885 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027594-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Crescent Athletic Club football team\nThe 1885 Crescent Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented Brooklyn's Crescent Athletic Club during the 1885 college football season. The team compiled a 3\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027595-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Detroit Wolverines season\nThe 1885 Detroit Wolverines finished the season with a 41\u201367 record, finishing in sixth place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027595-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027595-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027595-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027595-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027596-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Dissolution Honours\nThe 1885 Dissolution Honours List was issued in June 1885 prior to the general election of that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027596-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Dissolution Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027597-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 English cricket season\n1885 was the 99th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). It was the third in succession in which Nottinghamshire was proclaimed the champion county.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027597-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed. The return match between Kent and Lancashire was cancelled because Lord Harris objected to the bowling of two Lancashire players", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027598-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 FA Cup Final\nThe 1885 FA Cup Final was a football match between Blackburn Rovers and Queen's Park on 4 April 1885 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the fourteenth final of the world's oldest football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (known in the modern era as the FA Cup). Blackburn had won the Cup in the previous season while Queen's Park were competing in their second final with the previous final being previous year. Rovers won 2\u20130 in their second successive FA Cup Final victory, with the goals coming from Jimmy Forrest and James Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027599-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 French legislative election\nThe 1885 general election was held on 14 and 18 October 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027599-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 French legislative election\nFollowing the deaths of Napol\u00e9on, Prince Imperial and the Comte de Chambord, the monarchists and Bonapartists formed a conservative electoral alliance under the leadership of the Baron de Mackau. In the first round of the election, the conservatives won 176 seats, whereas the Republicans - partly because radical and moderate Republicans ran against each other, underestimating the danger from the right - only won 127. However, in the second round the radical and moderate Republicans agreed that the worse-placed Republican candidates would withdraw, and Republicans won 244 seats to the conservatives' 25, leading to a Republican victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027599-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 French legislative election\nHenri Brisson remained prime minister immediately after the election, but resigned in December following his defeat in the presidential election to the incumbent, Jules Gr\u00e9vy. Brisson was replaced by Charles de Freycinet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027600-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Grand National\nThe 1885 Grand National was the 47th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 27 March 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027601-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 7 April 1885. Supporters of Theodoros Deligiannis emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, with 170 of the 245 seats. Deligiannis became Prime Minister on 1 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027602-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Home Nations Championship\nThe 1885 Home Nations Championship was the third series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, but the tournament was not completed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027602-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Home Nations Championship\nThe 1885 Championship was notable for the disputes occurring between the Home Nation Unions which prevented a full tournament to be completed. England and Scotland refused to face each other due to the refereeing disagreement from their 1884 encounter, and Wales and Ireland also failed to meet due to union disputes. The 1885 Championship also experienced a rare replay, when the Ireland versus Scotland game at Ormeau was abandoned after bad weather stopped play. The replay was played in Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027602-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England\nWales: Arthur Gould (Newport), Frank Hancock (Cardiff), Martyn Jordan (Newport), Charles Taylor (Ruabon), Charlie Newman (Newport) capt., William Gwynn (Swansea), Ernest Rowland (Lampeter), John Sidney Smith (Cardiff), Evan Richards (Swansea), Tom Clapp (Newport), Bob Gould (Newport), Horace Lyne (Newport), Thomas Baker Jones (Newport), Samuel Goldsworthy (Swansea), Lewis Thomas (Cardiff)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027602-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England\nEngland: HB Tristram (Oxford University), CG Wade (Oxford University), Andrew Stoddart (Blackheath), JJ Hawcridge (Bradford), A Rotherham (Oxford University), JH Payne (Broughton), Frank Moss (Broughton), G Harrison (Hull), AT Kemble (Liverpool), RS Kindersley (Oxford University), HJ Ryalls (New Brighton), ED Court (Blackheath), RSF Henderson (Blackheath), A Teggin (Broughton), ET Gurdon (Richmond) capt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027602-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales\nScotland Pat Harrower, Bill Maclagan capt., Alexander Stephen, Gardy Maitland, Bunny Wauchope, Augustus Grant-Asher, Tom Ainslie, George Robb, John Jamieson, Robert Maitland, William Peterkin, Charlie Reid, Charles Berry, John Tod, Gordon Mitchell", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027602-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales\nWales: Arthur Gould, Frank Hancock, Martyn Jordan, Charles Taylor, Charlie Newman capt., William Gwynn, Willie Thomas, Edward Alexander, Frank Hill, Tom Clapp, Bob Gould, D Morgan, Thomas Baker-Jones, Samuel Goldsworthy, Lewis Thomas", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027602-0006-0000", "contents": "1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nEngland: CH Sample (Cambridge University), WN Bolton (Blackheath), Andrew Stoddart (Blackheath), JJ Hawcridge (Bradford), A Rotherham (Oxford University), JH Payne (Broughton), Frank Moss (Broughton), G Harrison (Hull), AT Kemble (Liverpool), Charles Gurdon (Richmond), HJ Ryalls (New Brighton), CH Horley (Swinton), CS Wooldridge (Blackheath), GT Thomson (Halifax), ET Gurdon (Richmond) capt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027602-0007-0000", "contents": "1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nIreland: GH Wheeler (Queen's College, Belfast), EH Greene (Dublin Uni. ), JP Ross (Lansdowne), RG Warren (Lansdowne), RE McLean (NIFC), EC Crawford (Dublin Uni. ), THM Hobbs (Dublin Uni. ), Thomas Lyle (Dublin Uni. ), FW Moore (Wanderers), T Shanahan (Lansdowne), RM Bradshaw (Wanderers), TC Allen (NIFC), HJ Neill (NIFC), RW Hughes (NIFC), WG Rutherford (Lansdowne) capt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027602-0008-0000", "contents": "1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Ireland\nScotland James Veitch, Bill Maclagan (capt), Henry Evans, Gardyne Maitland, ARD (Bunny) Wauchope, Patrick Wauchope, Tom Ainslie, John Brown, John Jamieson, Walter Irvine, William Peterkin, Charlie Reid, Jack Tait, John Tod, Gordon Mitchell", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027602-0009-0000", "contents": "1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Ireland\nIreland: Robert Morrow, Ernest Greene, John Ross, Robert Warren, Daniel Ross, D.V. Hunter, J.A. Thompson, Thomas Lyle, Frederick Moore, Thomas Shanahan, Robert Bradshaw, Arthur Forrest (capt), Harry Neill, Jack Johnston, William Hogg", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027603-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1885 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 26 November 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027603-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Invercargill mayoral election\nIn a rematch from the 1882 election, John Lyon McDonald was elected, defeating former mayor John Kingsland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027604-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Iowa Senate election\nIn the 1885 Iowa State Senate elections Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the twenty-first Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 24 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027604-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 39 seats to Democrats' 11 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027604-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 15 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027604-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1885 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 31 seats and Democrats having 19 seats (a net gain of 8 seats for Democrats).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027605-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1885 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1885. Republican nominee William Larrabee defeated Democratic nominee Charles E. Whiting with 50.76% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027606-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1885 Kentucky Derby was the 11th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 14, 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027607-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Lafayette football team\nThe 1885 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1885 college football season. Playing without a regular coach, the team compiled a 3\u20132\u20131 record. John Hamme was the team captain, and E. Swift was the manager. The team played its home games on The Quad in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027608-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Lehigh football team\nThe 1885 Lehigh football team represented Lehigh University in the 1885 college football season. The team finished with an overall record of 1\u20135\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027609-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Liberian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liberia in May 1885. In the presidential election, the result was a victory for incumbent Hilary R. W. Johnson of the True Whig Party (the dominant ruling party at the time), who was re-elected for a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027610-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Monday 2 November 1885. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027610-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No.2, Scotland, 11 November 1885\nCaused by the resignation of Councillor Joseph Simpson (Liberal, Scotland, elected 1 November 1883), reported to the Council on 2 December 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 84], "content_span": [85, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027610-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No.12, Lime Street, 4 June 1886\nCaused by the death of Councillor Thomas Patrick Holden (Party?, Lime Street, elected 1 November 1883) on 17 May 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 83], "content_span": [84, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027610-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 16, North Toxteth, 22 July 1886\nAlderman Thomas Rigby died on 4 June 1886. In his place Councillor John Hughes (Conservative, North Toxteth, elected 1st November 1883)was elected as an alderman by the Council (Councillors and Aldermen) on 7 July 1886", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027611-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Louisville Colonels season\nThe 1885 Louisville Colonels season was a season in American baseball. The team (formerly the Louisville Eclipse) finished with a 53\u201359 record, sixth place in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027611-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027611-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027611-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027611-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027611-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027612-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1885 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1885 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 3\u20132\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027613-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1885 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 3. Incumbent Republican Governor George D. Robinson was re-elected to a third term in office over Democratic Mayor of Boston Frederick O. Prince.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027614-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 106th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1885 during the governorship of George D. Robinson. Albert E. Pillsbury served as president of the Senate and John Q. A. Brackett served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027614-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Massachusetts legislature\nIn 1885 the legislature officialized the state coat of arms and seal. Other notable legislation included an \"Act to Protect Persons Using Public Libraries From Disturbance.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027615-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Men's tennis tour\nThe 1885 Men's tennis tour was the ninth annual tennis tour, consisting of 54 tournaments it began at the beginning of the year in Pietermaritzburg KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and ended 12 October in New Haven, Connecticut, United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027615-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Men's tennis tour, Summary of tour\nIn a repeat of the 1884 final Herbert Lawford retains his Irish Lawn Tennis Championships title in Dublin defeating Ernest Renshaw in five sets. William Renshaw Wins a fifth consecutive Wimbledon Championship. American player James Dwight breaks British dominance at the Northern Championships in Manchester defeating defending champion Donald Stewart in straight sets. In the United States Richard Sears collects a fifth consecutive US National Championship beating Godfrey Brinley in four sets. In Australia New South Wales Championships are held for the first time at the Association Cricket Ground at the Moore Park in Sydney . In England the British Covered Court Championships, one of the first tournaments in history to be played on indoor courts is held in London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 812]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027615-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Men's tennis tour, Summary of tour\nAmerican player James Dwight is the title leader this season winning 5 titles from 7 finals he is the first non-European player to do so since 1877.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027615-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Men's tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 1: Challenge Round: the final round of a tournament, in which the winner of a single-elimination phase faces the previous year's champion, who plays only that one match. The challenge round was used in the early history of tennis (from 1877 through 1921), in some tournaments not all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027615-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Men's tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 2:Tournaments in italics were events that were staged only once that season", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027615-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Men's tennis tour, Attribution\nThis article contains some copied and translated content from this article Tornei di tennis maschili nel 1885 (at Italian Wikipedia)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1885 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1885 college football season. The team compiled a 3\u20130 record and outscored its opponents by a combined score of 82 to 2. The team captain was Horace Greely Prettyman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe season began with a home-and-away series against a team from Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The first game was played in Windsor under Canadian rules (allowing 15 men on the field per side), and was the second and final football game played by a Michigan football team in a foreign country. The return game against Windsor was the first to be played on the University of Michigan campus, prior home games having been played at the Ann Arbor Fairgrounds. The team concluded the season with a 42\u20130 victory on Thanksgiving Day against the Peninsular Cricket Club team from Detroit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nWith several veteran players returning from the undefeated 1884 team, expectations were high for the 1885 team. The returning players included James E. Duffy, Horace Greely Prettyman, John M. Jaycox, Thomas H. McNeil, and Raymond W. Beach. On October 4, 1885, The Michigan Argonaut (a University of Michigan weekly newspaper) wrote: \"From this number there is no reason why an eleven cannot be made up which will equal any Rugby team the university ever had. With the good material now present, we may expect some interesting games before the fall season closes.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nOne of the challenges facing the 1885 team was the lack of other college and university teams in proximity to Ann Arbor. Other major colleges and universities in the region had not yet established regular varsity football programs: Notre Dame, Purdue, Indiana, and Penn State did so in 1887; Northwestern in 1888; Iowa, Ohio State and Wisconsin in 1889; and Nebraska, Illinois, Pittsburgh, and Missouri in 1890. In 1881 and 1883, Michigan had traveled to the east coast to play games against the major college teams of that region. In the absence of such a trip, Michigan was left with the option of playing Albion College (the only other established collegiate program in Michigan during the 1880s) and club teams from Detroit, Chicago, and even Windsor, Ontario.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 831]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Football on roller skates\nIn March 1885, the Princess football team of Detroit challenged Michigan to a football game on roller skates to be played at a roller rink in Ann Arbor. In mid-March 1885, The Michigan Argonaut reported: \"The Rugby team are [sic] now practicing football on rollers.\" The two teams ultimately met on April 3, 1885, for a Friday night game \"on rollers\" at the Palace Rink. The Wolverines defeated the Princess team \"in two straight innings.\" The game is not recorded as an official game in Michigan's football records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Windsor\nOn November 7, 1885, Michigan officially began its season with an 8\u20132 victory over the Windsor team from the Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU), a league that was instrumental in the development of Canadian football. (The Ottawa, Toronto and Hamilton teams in the Canadian Football League began as members of the ORFU.). The Windsor team had advanced to the second round of the ORFU playoffs in 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0006-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Windsor\nThe game was played in Windsor, Ontario, under Canadian rules. The match was Michigan's second game played in Canada, the first having been a victory over the University of Toronto in 1880. The Canadian rules allowed each team to have 15 men on the field. In addition, the ball was not snapped back from the line, but was instead \u201cdribbled until it is out of the rush.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0007-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Windsor\nThe Chronicle (a University of Michigan weekly newspaper) noted that the team played well despite being unacquainted with the Windsor rules. The Michigan Argonaut credited the victory to James E. Duffy: \"The game was practically won by Duffy who in the middle of the first inning succeeded in kicking a goal from in field, thus scoring six points.\" The intermission was called at 4:30\u00a0p.m. with Michigan leading 8\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0007-0001", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Windsor\nAfter a 15-minute break, the game resumed at 4:45\u00a0p.m., and Windsor scored two points on \"rouges,\" described in The Chronicle as follows: \"Michigan made a rouge; one point for Windsor. . . . The ball went out of bounds and on being thrown in, a rouge was made by Michigan.\" The game was eventually stopped because of darkness. The Michigan Argonaut called the victory \u201ca flattering one, as being entirely unacquainted with the Canadian rules, our team expected to be defeated.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0008-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Windsor\nThe Windsor team hosted a banquet for the Michigan team at the British American Hotel. The Michigan lineup against Windsor consisted of Muir (goalkeeper), Jaycox and Duffy (halfbacks), McNeil and Bishop (quarterbacks), Prettyman, Skinner, Hetzler, Bumps, Kennedy, Morrow, Banks, Trowbridge, Beach and Higgins (rushers). E. L. Dorn and Hastings were umpires, and Morton of Windsor was the referee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0009-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Windsor\nMichigan's second game of the 1885 season was a return game against Windsor on November 14, 1885. The game, originally set to be played at the Ann Arbor Fairgrounds, was instead played on the campus. It was the first football game played on Michigan's campus, and The Michigan Argonaut applauded the Rugby Association's decision to move the game to the campus: \u201cThe distance to the [Fair grounds] has constantly been urged as an argument favoring such a change, to say nothing of the impossibility of playing an errorless game on such wretched turf. . . . A game on the campus has all the spirit of genuine college playing and it is to be hoped that the experiment undertaken by the present Association will have the hearty encouragement of all who enjoy a lively college game.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0010-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Windsor\nThe game was played under American intercollegiate rules, putting the Canadians at a disadvantage. Michigan won the game, 32-0. The Windsor team had sent a telegram canceling the game, but Edward L. Dorn, the president of the Michigan Rugby Association, traveled to Windsor on the morning of the scheduled game, and \"a team was picked up, somewhat inferior to the team which met our boys at Windsor last week.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0011-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Windsor\nThe game was played in two innings with the first inning beginning at 3:45\u00a0p.m. and ending at 4:20\u00a0p.m.  Horace Prettyman scored a touchdown in the first inning. At the intermission between innings, Michigan led 8\u20130. The Wolverines added 24 points in the second inning, with James E. Duffy and Horace Prettyman serving as the principal ball carriers. Skinner and McNeil scored touchdowns for Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0012-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Windsor\nAfter the game, the Michigan Rugby Association hosted the Windsor team at a banquet at Hangsterfer's (referred to in The Michigan Argonaut as \u201cHank's parlors\u201d). T. H. McNeil served as toastmaster and called on Horace Prettyman to speak on the topic of \"Foot-ball,\" and then on a Windsor player to speak about \"The Social Features of Foot-ball.\" The banquet reportedly featured \"roast turkey a la Ann Arbor\" and \"'Miss Ann Arbor kisses,' well suited to tempt the Canadian appetite.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0012-0001", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Windsor\nThe banquet continued until midnight with the evening \u201cpassed in singing college songs and general conversation.\u201d  With the lack of large colleges making it difficult to arrange games under the inter-collegiate rules, one of the topics discussed at the banquet was a proposal that Michigan learn the Candadian rules to enable it to play games more readily against the teams from Windsor, Toronto, and Hamilton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0013-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Windsor\nThe captain and star of the Windsor team was a player named Parkyn. In early January 1886, The Michigan Argonaut reported that Parkyn had become ill with malarial fever after returning from Ann Arbor, and had died a short time later. The Argonaut wrote: \"The Windsor team has lost a good player, and foot-ball, a warm friend and advocate.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0014-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Windsor\nMichigan's lineup for the home game against Windsor was Morrow, Higgins, McNeil (quarterback), Prettyman (halfback), J. L. Banks, J. L. Duffy (goalkeeper), J. E. Duffy (halfback), Bumps, Bishop, and Skinner. The referee was Michigan's national intercollegiate champion sprinter, Frederick N. Bonine, and the umpires were Dorn and Bartlett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0015-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Peninsular Cricket Club\nThe Wolverines concluded their season with a Thanksgiving Day football game in Detroit. Michigan defeated the Peninsular Cricket Club team by a score of 42\u20130. The Peninsular Cricket Club began as a cricket club in 1858' but by 1885 it had evolved into the city's leading all-purpose athletic club, featuring baseball, tennis, and bicycling. In 1887, it would become part of the new Detroit Athletic Club. The 1885 football game was played at the Peninsular Cricket Grounds near Woodward Avenue and started at 3:15\u00a0p.m.  Because of \"bitter cold\" weather, the game attracted only about 200 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0016-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Peninsular Cricket Club\nMichigan took a 16-0 lead in the first inning with four touchdowns, a field goal (kicked by J. E. Duffy), and two rouges. The Wolverines added 26 points in the second inning, including touchdowns by Prettyman and McNeil. The Detroit Free Press wrote that the game was a mismatch:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0017-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Peninsular Cricket Club\n\"It was evident from the start that the Detroit team were no match for the others, nearly all the men being very light, while the visitors were all of good size and strong build. In play there was more disparity still, the Detroits showing no kicking ability at all, the result being a game made up very largely of scrimmaging . . .\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0018-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Peninsular Cricket Club\nThe Chronicle wrote that J. L. Duffy and Horace Prettyman \"did the best work\" for Michigan and noted that the Michigan players \"immediately showed their superiority, both in running and rushing, by rapidly carrying the ball toward their opponent's goal.\" The Michigan Argonaut concluded that the victory was the result of a heavier team and \"careful practice,\" and noted that the best features of the game were \"some fine runs by Prettyman and good kicking by Duffy.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0019-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Peninsular Cricket Club\nThe Michigan lineup against the Detroit team consisted of J. E. Duffy (goalkeeper), J. M. Jaycox and J. L. Duffy (backs), N. Banks, T. H. McNeil, and H. G. Prettyman (halfbacks), and Wm. Morrow, F. F. Bumps, J. L. Skinner, C. D. Wright, L. F. Gottschalk, F. G. Higgins, G. C. Higgins, J. McNaughton and H. G. Hetzler (forwards). E. L. Dorn and Belcher (of Montreal) served as umpires, and T. M. Morton (of Windsor) was the referee. Approximately 40 Michigan students attended the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0020-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Peninsular Cricket Club\nAt the conclusion of the season, The Chronicle published an editorial urging the University to send its football team to the east on an annual basis. The newspaper also criticized the strength of the teams defeated in 1885:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027616-0021-0000", "contents": "1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Peninsular Cricket Club\n\"[I]f it were regularly understood that our eleven and our nine were to go east every year, our under-graduate material would be brought forward and men who now never venture on the ball field would be so anxious to try for the nine or the eleven, that there is small doubt that such teams could be picked as would win victories in the east and return with laurels won from more than one eastern competitor, instead of deeming it their greatest victory to beat a club composed of men in Detroit who play without practice.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027617-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Mississippi gubernatorial election\nThe 1885 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1885, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Governor Robert Lowry ran for reelection to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027617-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Mississippi gubernatorial election, General election\nIn the general election, Democratic candidate Robert Lowry, the incumbent governor, defeated independent candidate Put Darden in a landslide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027618-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1885 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy in the 1885 college football season. The team was the fourth intercollegiate football squad to represent the United States Naval Academy, and marked the first time that the school played a multiple-game season. The squad was captained by halfback Cornelius Billings. The year began with a blowout victory over St. John's College, but was followed by close losses to Johns Hopkins University and the Princeton Tigers reserves squad. The season continued a seven-season, eight game rivalry between the Naval Academy and Johns Hopkins, and began a ten-game, seven-year rivalry with St. John's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027618-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Navy Midshipmen football team, Prelude\nAccording to Ellsworth P. Bertholf's biographer C. Douglas Kroll, the first evidence of a form of football at the United States Naval Academy came in 1857, but the school's cadets lost interest in the game shortly afterward. The Naval Academy's first ever football team was fielded in 1879. The squad was entirely student-operated, receiving no official support from Naval Academy officials. The team was entirely funded by its members and their fellow students. The 1879 team participated in just one game, which resulted in a scoreless tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027618-0001-0001", "contents": "1885 Navy Midshipmen football team, Prelude\nIt was played against the Baltimore Athletic Club, apparently on the Academy superintendent's cow pasture. Navy would not field a football team in 1880 or 1881, due to the lack of support from officials. When football returned to the academy in 1882, the squad was led by player-coach Vaulx Carter, and won 8\u20130 in a match with Johns Hopkins, starting a seven-year rivalry between the schools. The 1883 season resulted in Navy's first ever loss, a 2\u20130 defeat by Johns Hopkins. Navy returned the favor the following year, defeating Hopkins in a close 9\u20136 game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027618-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary\nThe Naval Academy scheduled three games for the 1885 season, breaking from the tradition of playing only Johns Hopkins. According to Morris Allison Bealle, \"Football at Annapolis had shed its swaddling clothes when the autumn of 1885 rolled around. Some of the faculty actually gave in and admitted that football might, at that, be or become an interesting diversion\" so the squad was allowed to schedule three games. The first was played against St. John's College, also located in Annapolis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027618-0002-0001", "contents": "1885 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary\nThe game kicked off a brief rivalry with St. John's, which would conclude in 1911 with Navy winning eighteen of twenty-one contests. The 1885 match was a 46\u201310 blowout victory over St. John's. The second game of the season was the annual Thanksgiving Day match against Johns Hopkins. After winning the previous year, Navy fell to Johns Hopkins 12\u20138. The season concluded with the Naval Academy challenging the Princeton freshman team, a game which ended in a 10\u20130 shutout loss for Navy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027618-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Navy Midshipmen football team, Players\nThe 1885 Naval Academy team was made up of thirteen players at four different positions. The squad consisted of seven rushers, two fullback, three halfbacks, and a quarterback:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027618-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath\nThe first postseason college football game would not be played until 1902, with the Pasadena Tournament of Roses' establishment of the east\u2013west tournament game, later known as the Rose Bowl. The Midshipmen would not participate in their first Rose Bowl until the 1923 season, when they went 5\u20131\u20132 and tied with the Washington Huskies 14\u201314 in the match. As a result of the lack of a competition, there were no postseason games played after the 1885 season. According to statistics compiled by Billingsly, Houlgate, the National Championship Foundation, Parke Davis, and the Helms Athletic Foundation, Princeton was declared the 1885 season champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027618-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath\nThe 1885 season brought Navy's overall win\u2013loss record to an even 3\u20133\u20131. It also brought the Academy's record against Johns Hopkins to 2\u20132 tie. The season marked the first time a team for the Naval Academy would play a multiple-game season. In 1886, their schedule was expanded from three games to five, and continued to grow through subsequent years. It was the worst single-season record for the Academy until 1888, when they went 1\u20134. Navy would finish the 1880s with four winning seasons, and an overall record of 14\u201312\u20132. The school would outscore their opponents 292\u2013231, and would finish the 19th century with an overall record of 54\u201319\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027619-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 New South Wales colonial election\nThe 1885 New South Wales colonial election was held between 16 October and 31 October 1885. This election was for all of the 122 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 37 single-member constituencies, 24 2-member constituencies, seven 3-member constituencies and four 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult male British subjects, resident in New South Wales. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 7 October 1885 by the Governor, Lord Augustus Loftus, on the advice of the Premier, George Dibbs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027619-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 New South Wales colonial election\nThere was no recognisable party structure at this election, the last election for which this was the case; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system. Dibbs had succeeded Alexander Stuart two weeks before the election was held, and maintained a fragile grip on power after the election until 22 December, when he was defeated by Sir John Robertson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027619-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 New South Wales colonial election, Results\nNew South Wales colonial election, 16 \u2013 31 October 1885\u200aLegislative Assembly << 1882\u20131887 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027620-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 New York Giants season\nThe 1885 New York Giants season was the franchise's 3rd season. The team finished in second place, 2 games behind the Chicago White Stockings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027620-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027620-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027620-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027620-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027621-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 New York Metropolitans season\nThe 1885 New York Metropolitans were hard hit as manager/co-owner Jim Mutrie moved over to manage the New York Giants and took several of the team's stars with him. The Metropolitans finished with a 44\u201364 record, seventh place in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027621-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027621-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027621-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027621-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027622-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 New York state election\nThe 1885 New York state election was held on November 3, 1885, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the secretary state, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer and the state engineer, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027622-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 New York state election, History\nThe Prohibition state convention met on September 9 at Syracuse, New York. William J. Groo presided. Henry Clay Bascom, of Troy, was nominated for governor by acclamation. W Jennings Demorest, of New York City, for lieutenant governor, Edward Evans, of Tonawanda, for Secretary of State, Hiram Vandenburgh, of Fulton County, for treasurer, Frederick Sheldon, of Hornellsville, for attorney general, and George A. Dudley for state engineer, were nominated unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027622-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 New York state election, History\nThe Greenback State Committee met on September 9 at Clarendon Hall in New York City. Ralph Beaumont was chosen to preside over the convention. The Anti- Monopoly delegates met in an adjoining room, Dr. Seeger presided. The remnants of Benjamin F. Butler's \"People's Party\" merged with the Anti- Monopolists. When the Greenback/Anti- Monopoly convention opened there was much debate among the several factions, and the Anti- Monopolists walked out. The remaining Greenbackers were split in two opposing factions: the friends and the adversaries of Edward O. Jones, the latter faction led by Louis F. Post, a New York City banker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027622-0002-0001", "contents": "1885 New York state election, History\nPost's faction then walked out too, and the remaining delegates nominated George O. Jones, of Albany, for governor; Lyman W. Gage, of Rochester, for lieutenant governor; George W. Pimm, of Coldenham, for Secretary of State; Nelson S. Shaler, of Catskill, for comptroller; Allen Wood for treasurer; William B. Guernsey, of Norwich, for attorney general; and Edwin A. Stillman for state engineer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027622-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on September 23 at the Skating Rink in Saratoga, New York. James W. Husted was president. Ex-Comptroller Ira Davenport (in office 1880-1881) was nominated for governor after the second ballot. Many candidates were proposed and on the first ballot the votes were scattered among many names, the second ballot stood as follows: Davenport 214, Joseph B. Carr 194, James D. Warren 113, C. N. Bliss 66, Frederick W. Seward 54, Swinburne 29, Drexel 12, Levi P. Morton 8, Alonzo B. Cornell 2, William M. Evarts 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027622-0003-0001", "contents": "1885 New York state election, History\nThen many delegates changed their votes and Davenport was nominated. Secretary of State Joseph B. Carr (in office since 1880) was nominated for lieutenant governor; Deputy Secretary of State Anson S. Wood was nominated to succeed Carr; and Ex-Comptroller James W. Wadsworth (in office 1880-1881) was nominated again, all three by acclamation. For Treasurer, a first ballot was taken and the votes were scattered among many different names (vote: D. Ogden Bradley 173, William T. O'Neil 157, Waldo Wallace Rockwell 149, Nathan D. Wendell 88, Robert N. Marvin 76, Stephen C. Medbury 49).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027622-0003-0002", "contents": "1885 New York state election, History\nThen it was proposed to give the nomination to a German-American, and Charles F. Ulrich was nominated unanimously. Edward B. Thomas was nominated for attorney general on the second ballot (first ballot: Thomas 318, E. H. Hobbs 257, Edward Mitchell 93, Sheldon 8; second ballot: Thomas 353, Hobbs 321, Mitchell 5). William V. Van Rensselaer was nominated for state engineer by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027622-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on September 24. George Raines was president. The incumbent Governor David B. Hill was re-nominated on the first ballot (vote: Hill 338, Abram S. Hewitt 33, Henry W. Slocum 8, Roswell P. Flower 1). Contrary to tradition, the nomination was not \"made unanimous.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027622-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 New York state election, Results\n21 Republicans and 11 Democrats were elected to a two-year term (1886\u20131887) in the State Senate; and 77 Republicans and 51 Democrats were elected to the State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027623-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Newfoundland general election\nThe 1885 Newfoundland general election was held on 31 October 1885 to elect members of the 15th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Newfoundland Colony. The Reform Party had been created by Robert Thorburn on a platform of \"Protestant Rights\" after supporters of the Orange Order abandoned the Whiteway government after sectarian riots in 1885 against the government's 'denominational compromise'. Whiteway's Conservative Party was destroyed as a result and Whiteway founded a new Liberal Party. Thorburn's new party swept to power but soon turned away from its sectarian agenda by inviting Catholic Liberals into the Cabinet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027624-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 North-West Territories election\nThe 1885 North-West Territories election was the first major election in the history of the territory. The election took place on 15 September 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027624-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 North-West Territories election\nThe election was held to elect members to new districts to cope with the rapid growth of settlers in the territories at the time. Elections were also held in established electoral districts to renew members terms at the end of 3 years as per North-West Territories law at the time. The election would see 11 members acclaimed and elected to various electoral districts to the 1st Council of the North-West Territories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027624-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 North-West Territories election\nThe election was not considered a general election, since it did not involve every electoral district, and was not caused by the dissolution of the council. It was also held in the wake of the North-West Rebellion of spring, 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027624-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 North-West Territories election\nThe election would be followed by the 1st North-West Territories general election in 1888 at the completion of the 3-year term. The election conducted without political parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027624-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 North-West Territories election, Members elected\nCalgary and Moose Mountain did not participate in the 1885 election having elected members to a three-year term in 1884. Moosomin and St. Albert electoral districts were won by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027625-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Norwegian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Norway in 1885. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 84 of the 114 seats in the Storting. Johan Sverdrup remained Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027626-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Oamaru by-election\nThe Oamaru by-election 1885 was a by-election held in the Oamaru electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament, on 20 May 1885. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Samuel Shrimski, who was appointed to the Legislative Council, and was won by Thomas William Hislop.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027626-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Oamaru by-election, Background\nFor the 1876 election, Waitaki became a two-member electorate. Four candidates put their names forward. Steward and Joseph O'Meagher contested the election as abolitionists (i.e. they were in favour of abolishing the provincial government), while Thomas William Hislop and Shrimski were provincialists (i.e. they favoured the retention of provincial government). The provincialists won the election by quite some margin, and both became members of parliament for the first time. Hislop and Shrimski were both confirmed in the 1879 election, but Hislop resigned on 28 April 1880 \"for private reasons\". From 1881 onwards, Waitaki became a single-member constituency again, and Shrimski won the re-constituted Oamaru electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027626-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Oamaru by-election, Background\nIn the 1884 general election, Shrimski was challenged by Viscount Reidhaven (who later became the Earl of Seafield when he succeeded his father). Shrimski resigned on 28 March 1885 and was appointed to the Legislative Council on 15 May 1885. Shrimski was one of an unprecedented nine appointments made by the Stout\u2013Vogel Ministry in 1885, which inflated the council's membership to 54. Three other appointments also caused by-elections in the Tauranga, Waimea, and Southern Maori electorates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027626-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Oamaru by-election, The election\nShrimski's resignation became public knowledge on 28 March 1885. Hislop was first discussed by The Oamaru Mail as a likely candidate three days later, but he declared that he would only become a candidate if the electors so wished. Reidhaven first advertised his candidacy on 6 April. William Hutchison's possible candidacy was discussed in the media, but nothing came of it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027626-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Oamaru by-election, The election\nA large meeting was held on Friday evening of 10 April for \"liberal electors only\" to choose a representative for the upcoming by-election. The candidacies of Hislop, who was in attendance, and Reidhaven, who was otherwise engaged, were discussed. Hislop was eventually proposed by one of the attendees, with three quarters of the electors supporting his nomination, and nobody voting against the motion. Nobody proposed Reidhaven. The nomination meeting was held on 13 May, where Hislop and Reidhaven were formally put forward as candidates, with Hislop winning the show of hands. A Timaru evening paper wrote the following endorsement of Hislop just before the election, which The Oamaru Mail quoted in its 16 May edition:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027626-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Oamaru by-election, The election\nMr Hislop is an old and active citizen of Oamaru, of liberal views and progressive energy, one too who has seen a good deal of public life. Above all, Mr Hislop has been the consistent foe of land monopoly. His noble opponent has just been called out of a position of obscurity to the enjoyment of a title. His political views have not yet been enunciated, his fitness for parliamentary honors [sic] has never yet been tested. He is an entirely untried man. A man who has filled representative public positions with credit is the most eligible candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027626-0006-0000", "contents": "1885 Oamaru by-election, The election\nHislop won the by-election with a majority of 61 votes (7.47%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027626-0007-0000", "contents": "1885 Oamaru by-election, Election results, 1884 election\nThe 1884 general election was contested by two candidates in the Oamaru electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027627-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1885 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 13, 1885. Republican nominee Joseph B. Foraker defeated Democratic incumbent George Hoadly in a rematch of the 1883 election with 48.95% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027628-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Open Championship\nThe 1885 Open Championship was the 25th Open Championship, held 3 October at the Old Course at St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Bob Martin won the Championship for the second time, by a stroke from Archie Simpson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027628-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Open Championship\nSimpson was one of the early starters. The first six holes took him 32 strokes but he reached the turn in 43 and coming home in 40 had an excellent round of 83. Martin started well an reached the turn in 41, eventually finishing with an 84. These turned out to be the leading scores of the morning play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027628-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Open Championship\nIn the second round, Simpson again started badly, taking 38 for the first seven holes. He eventually finished with an 89 to a total of 172. Martin started his round better and, reaching the turn in 43, was now a stroke ahead of Simpson. Playing steadily he had 16 strokes for the last three holes to beat Martin. Taking five and six at the next two holes left him needing five at the last to take the lead. He put his third shot close at the last but missed the short putt and took five. David Ayton Sr. had a second round of 84 but was too far behind after the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027628-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Open Championship\nThe Championship is best remembered for an event that never took place. Various sources refer to David Ayton losing the Open by taking 11 at the \"Road hole\" (the 17th) but a contemporary newspaper report gives his scores there as 6 and 7. His full cards are given as: Round 1: 555565734 = 45, 544764464 = 44, Total 89, Round 2: 554565533 = 41, 435565474 = 43, Total =84.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027628-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Open Championship, Field\nAmateurs: David Baldie, Leslie Balfour, John Ball, Robert Tod Boothby, W. Burn, Harry Everard, Samuel Mure Fergusson, Bruce Goff, W.H. Goff, T.S. Hendry, James Hunter, Horace Hutchinson, James Kirk, Johnny Laidlay, Arthur Molesworth, L. Ross", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 29], "content_span": [30, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027628-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Open Championship, Field\nProfessionals: Jamie Allan, David Anderson Sr., David Anderson Jr., Willie Anderson Sr., David Auchterlonie, Joseph Auchterlonie, Tom Auchterlonie, David Ayton Sr., Willie Brown, Jack Burns, Ben Campbell, Willie Campbell, C. Conacher, David Corstorphine, William Cosgrove, Willie Dunn, George Fernie, J. Fernie, Willie Fernie, Thomas Gourlay, David Grant Sr., William Greig, Sandy Herd, J. Kinsman, Robert Kinsman, Hugh Kirkaldy, Jack Kirkaldy, Bob Martin, George Mason, Douglas McEwan, Jack Morris, James Morris, Tom Morris Sr., Frank Park, Mungo Park, Willie Park Jr., James Paxton, Peter Paxton, James Rennie, Ben Sayers, George Sayers, Archie Simpson, David Simpson, Jack Simpson, Robert Simpson", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 29], "content_span": [30, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027629-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Ottawa Hockey Club season\nThe 1885 Ottawa Hockey Club season was the club's second of play. The Club played in the Montreal tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027629-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Team business\nThe Club moved its practices to the new Dey's Skating Rink, which was electrically-lit. The Club now adopted the colours of gold and blue for their uniforms. Frank Jenkins was selected Captain for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 45], "content_span": [46, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027629-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Season\nThe club played in the Montreal Winter Carnival Tournament. Games were held at the Crystal Rink. William O'Dell was goaltender, replacing Albert Low, who was on a survey exhibition. Ottawa placed second to the Montreal Hockey Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027629-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Roster\nG. Currier, Thomas D. Green, Thomas Gallagher, F.M.S. (Frank) Jenkins(captain), Jack Kerr, Halder Kirby, William O'Dell(goal)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027630-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1885 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania during the 1885 college football season. In its first year under head coach Frank Dole, the team compiled a 8\u20135 record. Paul Thompson was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027631-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1885 Philadelphia Athletics finished with a 55\u201357 record and finished in fourth place in the   American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027631-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027631-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027631-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027631-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027631-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027632-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Philadelphia Quakers season\nThe 1885 Philadelphia Quakers season was a season in American baseball. The team finished with a record of 56\u201354, a distant third place in the National League, 30 games behind the Chicago White Stockings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027632-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027632-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027632-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027633-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season\nThe 1885 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season was the 4th season of the Pittsburgh Alleghenys franchise. The Alleghenys finished third in the American Association with a record of 56\u201355.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027634-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1885 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1885 college football season. The team finished with a 9\u20130 record and was retroactively named as national champions by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis. This season marked Princeton's 13th football national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027634-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe season was notable for one of the most celebrated football plays of the 19th century\u2014a 90-yard punt return by Henry \"Tillie\" Lamar in the closing minutes of the game to beat Yale, 6\u20135, a team Princeton had not defeated since 1878.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027635-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Providence Grays season\nAfter the team's success in 1884, things went downhill for the 1885 Providence Grays. The team dropped in the standings, finishing 30 games back in fourth place and attendance fell drastically. After the season, the club's directors sold all the remaining players to the Boston Beaneaters and folded the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027635-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027635-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027635-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027635-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027635-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027636-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1885 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 1, 1885. Republican nominee George P. Wetmore defeated Democratic nominee Ziba O. Slocum with 55.97% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027637-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Richmond Colts football team\nThe 1885 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College\u2014now known as the University of Richmond\u2014as an independent during the 1885 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027638-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1885 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1885 college football season. The Queensmen played only one intercollegiate game, a 10-5 loss to Lehigh on November 14, 1885, in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The team had no coach, and its captain was Lewis Chamberlain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027639-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 SAFA season\nThe 1885 South Australian Football Association season was the 9th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027639-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 SAFA season\nThe Adelaide Football Club  combined with North Parks from the Adelaide and Suburban Football Association and returned to the league in a standalone capacity for the first time since 1880 (it had merged with Kensington for the 1881 season, but resigned after  five games).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027639-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 SAFA season\nThe 1885 SAFA season was the first time since 1878 that all clubs played a fixed number of games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027639-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 SAFA season\nTwenty three of the thirty games played had crowd figures quoted for an approximate average of 1,800 spectators per game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027640-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1885 Scottish Cup Final was the 12th final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1884\u201385 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. For only the second time in the competition's history, the final was contested by two teams from outside Glasgow: Renton, who had never won the cup before, and three-time winners Vale of Leven, representing neighbouring communities in Dunbartonshire (their home grounds were approximately 1.6 miles (2.6\u00a0km) apart).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027640-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Scottish Cup Final\nThe original match - which ended in a 0\u20130 draw - was played at the second Hampden Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 21 February 1885 and was watched by a crowd of 3,000 spectators. The replay took place at the same venue on 28 February 1885 in front of 5,000 spectators. Renton won the competition for the first time after they beat Vale of Leven 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027640-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Scottish Cup Final\nThis was the first Scottish Cup final to be held at the second Hampden Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027640-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nVale of Leven had reached the final on four previous occasions, winning the trophy for three consecutive seasons between 1877 and 1879. They had reached the final for the third season in succession however, they never appeared for the previous final in protest after the SFA had refused to postpone the match. Prior to 1885, no team had reached the final for three successive seasons without lifting the trophy at least once.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027640-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nRenton had only previously reached the final once before 10 years earlier when they lost 3\u20130 to Queen's Park", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027640-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nAs the earlier rounds of the Scottish Cup were regionalised at the time, Dunbartonshire neighbours Renton and Vale of Leven had previously met three times in the competition with Vale of Leven progressing each time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027641-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Southern Maori by-election\nThe 1885 Southern Maori by-election was a by-election held on 10 June 1885 in the Southern Maori electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027641-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Southern Maori by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, H\u014dri Kerei Taiaroa, when he was re-appointed to the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027641-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Southern Maori by-election\nTaiaroa has been appointed to the Legislative Council in February 1879, but in August 1880 had been disqualified over a technicality, a cause of bitterness and resentment among M\u0101ori. When appointed by Sir George Grey Taiaroa held (and continued to hold) a salaried (government) office, hence was not eligible to sit in the Council, despite having attended three sessions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027642-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Southern Rugby Union Season\nThe 1885 Southern Rugby Union season was the 12th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. This was the third competition for the Gardiner Cup which was awarded to the winners of the premiership. The football season lasted from May till September 1885. The season culminated in the premiership, which was won by Sydney University. University were awarded the Gardiner Challenge Cup and were crowned premiers by a committee of the Union. The club were undefeated during the premiership season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027642-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams\nIn 1885, the Union decided to elevate three Junior clubs into the Gardiner Challenge Cup. Arfoma, St. Leonards and Newtown had performed well during the previous season and were given the opportunity to compete for the cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027642-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nIn 1885 the Sydney Rugby Premiership continued to develop into a more structured competition. Before the season began, the Southern Rugby Football Union decided to promote three Junior Clubs into the Gardiner Challenge Cup. This took the competing teams to eight. The number of games during the season also increased, with most of the teams playing each other twice. However, at the conclusion of the season, some clubs had not played the same number of games as others. The competition still did not see organised rounds and an official points ladder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027642-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nOverall, the season was not seen as being as brilliant as the previous. The Association Cricket Ground became unavailable during the season, which had an effect upon the games being played. This ground was the only one that fenced in the playing field. As a result, many games were interrupted by the crowds encroaching upon the field. The Agricultural Society made their ground available to the Union later in the season, with two games often being played side-by-side. This did see some confusion with players stopping play in one game on hearing the call from the other game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027642-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nDespite a deficit in their defence and kicking, the Sydney University Football Club proved to be the Premier club and were awarded the Gardiner Challenge Cup. The 'Varsity were well organised and displayed consistent form during the season. The team put the same players onto the field each week. As a result, the club were undefeated during the cup campaign with their only losses coming from non-cup games with a weakened team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027642-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nThe Wallaroo Football Club displayed occasional brilliance on the field. On a good day, they demonstrated excellent forward play. However, a heavy schedule of 20 games across all matches saw the club become inconsistent in their performance. In 14 Cup games, the team won 8. Despite being beaten by Burwood, Wallaroo were ranked second for the season due to winning more games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027642-0006-0000", "contents": "1885 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nLast season's Premiers, Burwood, were considered the more all-round team. They were splendidly led by their captain Samuel Chapman who had spent some time playing in Cambridge. Using the experience gained, he encouraged his players to back each other. The club finished their season with a draw against the eventual champions, displaying the potential of the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027642-0007-0000", "contents": "1885 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades\nThe Southern Rugby Football Union classified the participating clubs into two groups, Seniors and Juniors. Prior to 1883, all clubs were considered for the Premiership. With the introduction of the Gardiner Challenge Cup, only Senior clubs participated in the competition. The Junior clubs competed with each other, but no award was recognised for their achievements. Matches between Senior and Junior teams were common place, with results in those matches possibly assisting in deciding the final Senior Premiership winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027642-0008-0000", "contents": "1885 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades\nIn 1885, the top Junior Clubs were Balmain Wellington and Rosedale who were both undefeated for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027642-0009-0000", "contents": "1885 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nIn 1885, the New South Wales Rugby team visited Brisbane to play two matches against the Queensland team. For the first time, the Gardiner Cup continued to be played. This saw some of the local clubs losing valuable players and were thus unable to form a team to play their matches. Some controversy was present in the newspapers concerning the selection of certain NSW players and the omittance of other players in the team. With this in mind, the Queensland team had the edge in the first match, defeating NSW 14 points to nil. After this success, the Queensland team was seen to be a little over confident heading into the second match. As a result, they were out classed and were defeated by NSW 12 points to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027643-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 St Leonards colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of St Leonards in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 4 June 1885 because of the death of Bernhardt Holtermann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027644-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1885 St. Louis Browns season was the team's fourth season in St. Louis, Missouri, and the fourth season in the American Association. The Browns went 79\u201333 during the season, best in the American Association, and won their first AA pennant. In the World Series, the Browns played the National League champion Chicago White Stockings. The series ended in dispute, with each club winning 3 games with 1 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027644-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season\nManager Charlie Comiskey finally was able to assemble and direct a team from start to finish the way he wanted. The result: a runaway championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027644-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season\nThe team was built on daring baserunning, clutch hitting, and the best pitching in the league. The team as a whole led the league in both earned run average (ERA) and overall runs allowed by a healthy margin over second-best Louisville. Individually, Dave Foutz was outstanding, as he won 33 of the 46 games he started and ranked fifth in ERA. His teammate Bob Caruthers was even better, compiling league-leading totals in wins (40), ERA (2.07) and winning percentage (a stellar .755).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027644-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season\nThe Browns took over first place to stay in the second week of May, but they made a joke of the race in July. On successive home stands, they had winning streaks of 17 and 12 games, combining for a major-league record 27-game winning streak at home that still stands as the best ever. They finished games laps ahead of the second-place Cincinnati Red Stockings and earned a berth in the World Series against the National League champion Chicago White Stockings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027644-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027644-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027644-0006-0000", "contents": "1885 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027645-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 St. Louis Maroons season\nThe 1885 St. Louis Maroons season was the team's first season in the National League after winning the Union Association championship in 1884. This season was not nearly as successful, as the Maroons finished with a 36\u201372 record, worst in the eight-team league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027645-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 St. Louis Maroons season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027645-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 St. Louis Maroons season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027645-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 St. Louis Maroons season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027645-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 St. Louis Maroons season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027646-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Swiss constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in Switzerland on 25 October 1885. The constitutional amendments were approved by 59.4% of voters and a majority of cantons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027646-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Swiss constitutional referendum, Background\nIn order to pass, any amendments to the constitution needed a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027647-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Tauranga by-elections\nTwo 1885 by-elections were held in the electorate of Tauranga to replace the sitting member in 1885, during the term of the 9th Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027647-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Tauranga by-elections\nWilliam Kelly stood and came second in both by-elections. He had come second for the electorate in the two previous general elections in 1881 election and 1884 election, and was finally elected in the 1887 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027647-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Tauranga by-elections, May 1885 by-election\nThe first by\u2013election was held on 22 May after the resignation of George Morris when he was appointed the Legislative Council, and was won by John Sheehan. After Kelly asked for a scrutiny of the votes, Sheehan's majority was reduced from 15 to 12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027647-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 Tauranga by-elections, July 1885 by-election\nThe second by\u2013election was held on 11 July after the death of John Sheehan on 12 June, Lawrence Grace won the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027648-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nList of champions of the 1885 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open). The tournament was held from 18 August to 22 August on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. It was the 5th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027648-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Singles\nRichard D. Sears defeated  Godfrey M. Brinley 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 6\u20130, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027648-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Doubles\nRichard D. Sears /  Joseph Clark def. Henry Slocum /  Percy Knapp 6\u20133, 6\u20130, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027649-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Doubles\nRichard Sears and Joseph Clark won the final against Henry Slocum and Percy Knapp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027650-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Singles\nRichard Sears defeated Godfrey M. Brinley in the final, 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 6\u20130, 6\u20133, to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1885 U.S. National Championships. This was Sears fifth title at the U.S. championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027651-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 United Kingdom general election\nThe 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. This was the first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats. For the first time a majority of adult males could vote and most constituencies by law returned a single member to Parliament fulfilling one of the ideals of Chartism to provide direct single-member, single-electorate accountability. It saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027651-0000-0001", "contents": "1885 United Kingdom general election\nAs the Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between them and the Conservatives who sat with an increasing number of allied Unionist MPs (referring to the Union of Great Britain and Ireland), this exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule and led to a Liberal split and another general election the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027651-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 United Kingdom general election\nThe 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman standing three candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027652-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nThe 1885 general election in Ireland was the first election following the Representation of the People Act 1884 and the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, which redrew the Irish electoral landscape.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027652-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nThe election saw the Irish Parliamentary Party secure their place as the dominant party in Irish politics, winning the vast majority of available seats. In comparison, the Liberals were wiped out in Ireland, whilst the Conservatives were reduced to 16 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027652-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nThe election also saw the emergence of the Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union; one of the forerunners of the later Irish Unionist Alliance. The IPLU sought to maximise the number of candidates elected from unionist parties in the three southern Irish provinces. In doing this the party would support individual candidates in various constituencies, and encourage Irish unionists to vote for these candidates, instead of splitting their vote between the various parties. Despite the IPLU's attempts, no southern Unionists were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027652-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nThe election also saw a similarly named Loyal Irish Union, which campaigned alongside Irish Conservatives. Unlike the ILPU, which prioritised Unionism over party politics, the Loyal Irish Union prioritised opposition to the Liberals over forming any kind of bi-partisan Unionist alliance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027652-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 United Kingdom general election in Ireland, Changes to the Irish Electorate\nThe Irish electorate in 1885 was radically different to that in 1880. The Representation of the People Act 1884 equalised the county and borough franchises and made all householders and lodgers in the counties eligible to vote, thereby bringing Irish electoral law into line with that in Great Britain. The result of this reform was massive, and saw the Irish electorate more than triple, increasing from 229,204 in 1880 to 737,965 in 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 80], "content_span": [81, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027652-0004-0001", "contents": "1885 United Kingdom general election in Ireland, Changes to the Irish Electorate\nIn spite of this, however, the Irish electorate was still comparatively smaller than the electorates of the other nations of the United Kingdom; whilst 2 in 3 adults males had the vote in England and Wales, or 3 in 5 in Scotland, in Ireland only 1 in 2 adult males could vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 80], "content_span": [81, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027652-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 United Kingdom general election in Ireland, Results\nNot included in the totals are the two Dublin University seats, which were uncontested and were retained by the Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027653-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 United Kingdom general election in Scotland\nThese are the results of the 1885 United Kingdom general election in Scotland. The election was held between 24 November and 18 December 1885 and 70 constituency seats in Scotland were contested. One of the two university seats for Scotland was also contested. Scotland had gained 12 seats since the previous election as a result of the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, and the electorate had increased from 293,581 to 560,580 as a result of the Representation of the People Act 1884 (out of 24,397,385 people registered in the 1881 census).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027653-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 United Kingdom general election in Scotland\nOf particular note was the splintering of the Liberal representation in Scotland. Some 7 MPs were returned as Independent Liberals, with Edinburgh in particular seeing 3 of its 4 constituencies return Independent Liberals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027653-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 United Kingdom general election in Scotland\nIn the western Highlands the Crofters Party emerged as the dominant force, taking four constituencies. The Independent Liberal MP elected for the Wick Burghs also aligned with the group. The emergence of the group was owed to the Representation of the People Act 1884, which had reduced the property qualifications for voters. As a result many Crofters were able to vote for the first time in 1885. The Crofting Party worked in close collaboration with the Highland Land League, and opposed the lack of secure and tenure and the severely reduced access to land for crofters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027653-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 United Kingdom general election in Scotland, Results\nBelow is a table summarising the results of the 1885 general election in Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 57], "content_span": [58, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027654-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 United States House of Representatives elections\nThere were six special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1885 during the 48th and 49th Congresses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027655-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Illinois\nThe 1885 United States Senate election in Illinois was held from February 18 to May 19, 1885. The contentious election was determined by a joint session of the Illinois General Assembly. Incumbent Republican United States Senator John A. Logan, seeking a third term (second consecutive) in the United States Senate, was unanimously nominated by a Republican caucus. However, some assemblymen expressed concern about the candidate and abstained from supporting him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027655-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Illinois\nLogan initially faced off against Democrat William Ralls Morrison, who was nominated during a legislative session. When the election began on February 18, the assembly combined for 102 Republicans and a coalition of 102 supporting the Democrats, thus producing a stalemate. For the next two months, elections were held to no avail during joint sessions. On April 12, a Democratic representative died and a Republican candidate won the special election to replace him. This angered Democrats, who tired of Morrison's lack of appeal and nominated Judge Lambert Tree in his place. After three months, the last Republican holdout consented to follow the rest of his party, and Logan was elected with 103 of the 204 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 764]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027655-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Illinois, Early voting, Republican caucus\nOn February 5, 1885, a Republican senatorial caucus was held in the Leland Hotel in Springfield, Illinois. The meeting sought to determine the party's candidate for the US Senate seat currently held by Republican John A. Logan. President of the Illinois Bar Association Melville Fuller presided over the meeting and US Representative William E. Mason was elected chairman. Daniel Hogan and Henry Sherman Boutell were named secretaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 79], "content_span": [80, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027655-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Illinois, Early voting, Republican caucus\nState senator Lorenzo D. Whiting made the first speech supporting Logan as the Republican candidate. State representatives Orrin P. Cooley and Charles E. Scharlau and state senators Martin B. Thompson and William S. Morris seconded the nomination. Other assemblymen joined in and Logan was easily nominated for his seat. Logan gave a speech, noting that Republicans held 102 of 204 seats against a coalition of other parties. This speech was followed by ones by former Governor of Illinois John Marshall Hamilton and district attorney James A. Connolly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 79], "content_span": [80, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027655-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Illinois, Early voting, Republican caucus\nIllinois Democrats were relieved to hear that there were eight absences among the ranks of the Republicans at their nominating convention, although five expressed support for Logan within the day. Thomas C. MacMillan did not attend and did not explicitly support Logan, but stated that he would \"in no event\" vote for a Democrat. W. H. Ruger expressed hesitation towards Logan but admitted he would probably vote for him. Eugene A. Sittig did not attend the meeting and made no statement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 79], "content_span": [80, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027655-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Illinois, Early voting, Democratic vote\nWithout any nominating conventions, the Democratic party nominated their candidate during a legislative session on February 11. The deadline for officially naming a Democratic candidate was that day, though uncertainties prevailed about what time it was. Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives Elijah M. Haines, nominally an independent, presided over the session. The motion to name a Democratic candidate was proposed by E. R. E. Kimbrough and was supported by fifty-six other Democrats. James M. Dill nominated William Ralls Morrison as the Democratic candidate. In protest, Republican members of the assembly left the hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027655-0005-0001", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Illinois, Early voting, Democratic vote\nThe remaining members of the house then cast a vote. Morrison received forty-four votes, Haines received one vote, and Haines voted for former representative Richard Bishop. Edward L. McDonald presented the resolution to the senate; most Democratic members of that body then entered the chamber. Henry Seiter was declared president pro tempore in the absence of any Republicans. Erastus N. Rinehart made the nominating speech on behalf of Morrison. A joint vote was then held in both houses. All senators and most of the representatives voted for Morrison, who was then officially nominated. Six Democratic representatives refused to vote and Haines again received one vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027655-0006-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Illinois, Early voting, Stalemate\nOn February 13, a motion was held during a state senate session to proceed with the ballot, but it failed by one vote. Nonetheless, Whiting again spoke on behalf of Logan. The first ballot in the General Assembly was held on February 18. Logan received 101 votes, Morrison received 94, Haines received four, and three others received one vote apiece. Three ballots were held the next day, with Logan losing one vote to a third-party candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 71], "content_span": [72, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027655-0006-0001", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Illinois, Early voting, Stalemate\nThe assembly aimed to hold an election on February 26, but the sudden death of Republican representative R. E. Logan (no relation) prompted a stall in the vote. Republican Dwight S. Spafford replaced him, continuing the stalemate. A joint ballot was held on March 12 and each main candidate received 99 votes; four voters cast a vote for other candidates. Although Logan held a small lead in some of the ballots, the final ballot was 100 to 100 and the session adjourned. The Republicans held a vote on March 26.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 71], "content_span": [72, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027655-0006-0002", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Illinois, Early voting, Stalemate\nAt first, Logan received 100 votes, but on a second ballot, Sittig supported Logan; MacMillan was the lone abstaining vote. Democratic senator Frank M. Bridges died in late March and was replaced with Democrat Robert H. Davis. Democrats began to explore other candidates, including General John C. Black and US Representative Richard W. Townshend.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 71], "content_span": [72, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027655-0007-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Illinois, Early voting, Stalemate\nOn April 12, Democrat R. H. Shaw, of the Democratic-leaning 34th district, died. Republican William H. Weaver won the election the next month against Arthur Allen Leeper by 246 votes. This finally gave the Republicans a majority in the joint session. Republicans in Springfield celebrated when the telegram confirming the victory arrived. Democrats blamed Morrison for the loss of the legislature seat. On May 14, a joint session was held. After three sessions of voting, Senator James W. Duncan announced that the Democrats wished to withdraw Morrison as a candidate. However, no replacement was immediately named. The fourth ballot saw a scattering of Democratic votes among fourteen candidates, though Morrison maintained a majority. The fifth ballot saw the emergence of Judge Lambert Tree with 35 of the 96 Democratic votes. Tree received 89 votes on the sixth and final ballot and was named the new candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 71], "content_span": [72, 987]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027655-0008-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Illinois, Election\nThe session of May 19 saw an audience from around the state convene on Springfield to watch the joint legislative session. A roll call was first held in the senate. Senators had the right to vote at any time before the final reveal of the ballot, so no Democrat officially voted during the roll call. When the roll reached a key swing-vote in Ruger, Democrats were dismayed that he enthusiastically cast his vote for Logan. When the roll call moved on to the house, Democrats again kept silence as Republicans voted in turn for Logan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027655-0008-0001", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Illinois, Election\nAnother swing vote, MacMillan, supported Logan. The last hope for the Democrats was Sittig. When Sittig's name was called, he did not vote. This resulted in a round of applause from Democrats. However, after the roll call was finished, Sittig took the opportunity to speak. Sittig criticized Logan and the rest of the Republican caucus, but finally consented to vote for Logan. The assembly erupted in cheers for Logan, who finally had 103 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027655-0009-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Illinois, Election\nWith a Republican victory close at hand, Democrats no longer passed the opportunity to vote and started to cast votes for Tree. In a last-ditch effort, some Democrats threw their support behind Republican Charles B. Farwell, hoping to splinter the Republican vote. For the next hour, Democrats petitioned Speaker Haines to change their vote from Tree to Farwell. After Democratic senators cast their votes, Farwell only had the support of 96 Democrats and had not elicited support from any Republicans. With the results all but secure, Republicans agreed that a second roll call of Democrats should be held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027655-0009-0001", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Illinois, Election\nDemocratic senators cast their votes for Tree. Tree received most of the Democratic votes, with two votes going to Black, and one each to Morrison, to Chicagoan John R. Hoxie, and to Judge Charles J. Schofield. Haines held a last call, but no one changed their votes. Logan was elected to the US Senate with 103 votes to Tree's 96. Republicans cheered for the next ten minutes, then Logan gave an accepting speech and the meeting was adjourned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027656-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in New York\nThe 1885 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 20, 1885, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 3) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027656-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nRepublican Elbridge G. Lapham had been elected to this seat in a special election in 1881 to succeed Roscoe Conkling who had resigned. Lapham's term would end on March 3, 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027656-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nAt the State election in November 1883, 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1884-1885) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1884, 73 Republicans and 55 Democrats were elected for the session of 1885 to the Assembly. The 108th New York State Legislature met from January 6 to May 22, 1885, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027656-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus\nThe caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 19, President pro tempore of the State Senate Dennis McCarthy presided. 19 State senators and 73 assemblymen attended. The Evarts faction required the nomination to be made by viva voce vote, which was opposed by the Morton faction, but was carried by a vote of 64 to 28. The caucus nominated Ex-U.S. Secretary of State William M. Evarts on the first ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027656-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Democratic caucus\nThe Democratic caucus nominated Ex-Mayor of New York Edward Cooper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027656-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in New York, Result\nWilliam M. Evarts was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027656-0006-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in New York, Result\nNote: The votes were cast on January 20, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 21 to compare nominations, and declare the result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027656-0007-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in New York, Aftermath\nEvarts served a single term, and remained in office until March 3, 1891. The seat became vacant on March 4, 1891, because Gov. David B. Hill was elected to succeed Evarts in January 1891, but Hill remained in office as Governor until December 31, 1891, and took his seat only on January 7, 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027657-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1885 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on January 20, 1885. J. Donald Cameron was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027657-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results\nThe Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 20, 1885, to elect a Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1885. Incumbent Republican J. Donald Cameron, who was elected in an 1877 special election and re-elected in 1879, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 59], "content_span": [60, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027658-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1885, in seven states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027658-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 United States gubernatorial elections\nMississippi and Virginia at this time held their gubernatorial elections in odd numbered years, every 4 years, following the United States presidential election year. New York at this time elected its governors to a three-year term. Massachusetts and Rhode Island both elected its governors to a single-year term, which they would abandon in 1920 and 1912, respectively. Iowa and Ohio at this time held gubernatorial elections in every odd numbered year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027658-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 United States gubernatorial elections\nIn Ohio, the gubernatorial election was held in October for the last time; the next gubernatorial election would be held on the same day as federal elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027659-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 VFA season\nThe 1885 Victorian Football Association season was the 9th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the South Melbourne Football Club. It was the club's second VFA premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027659-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 VFA season, Association membership\nThe senior metropolitan membership of the Association (including Geelong) increased from eight to ten clubs in 1885. The two new clubs were Richmond and University, both of which were newly formed this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027659-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 VFA season, Association membership\nAt this time, five other provincial senior clubs were full Association members represented on the Board of Management: Ballarat, Ballarat Imperial, South Ballarat, Horsham Trades and Horsham Unions. Due to distance, these clubs played too few matches against the rest of the VFA to be considered relevant in the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027659-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 VFA season, 1885 VFA premiership\nThe 1885 premiership was won by the South Melbourne Football Club, which finished the season undefeated from a total of 25 matches. Essendon, which lost only two of its 21 matches, finished as runner up, and the defending premiers Geelong finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027659-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 VFA season, 1885 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe below table details the playing records of the ten clubs in all matches during the 1885 season. Two sets of results are given:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027659-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 VFA season, 1885 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Sportsman newspaper. The VFA had no formal process by which the clubs were ranked, so the below order should be considered indicative only, particularly since the fixturing of matches was not standardised; however, the top three placings were later acknowledged in publications including the Football Record and are considered official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027660-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1885 Virginia gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1885, to elect the governor of Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027661-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 WAFA season\nThe 1885 WAFA season was the first season of senior Australian rules football in Perth, Western Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027661-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 WAFA season\nThe first WAFL game was played at the Esplanade Reserve between Rovers and Victorians on Saturday 6 June 1885. Rovers won the game by a goal. The final score was Rovers 1.6 (12) defeated Victorians 0.6 (6).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027662-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Waimea by-election\nThe 1885 Waimea by-election was a by-election held on 3 June 1885 in the Waimea electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027662-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Waimea by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Joseph Shephard on 15 April 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027662-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Waimea by-election\nThe by-election was won by John Kerr. The runner up was William Norris Franklyn (who, at some point, was chair of Waimea County Council) by three votes, with six candidates having contested the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027663-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Wakanui by-election\nThe 1885 Wakanui by-election was a by-election held on 11 December 1885 in the Wakanui electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027663-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Wakanui by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP John Grigg on 4 June 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027664-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1885 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 4 July until 17 July. It was the 9th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1885. There was a change in the draw method, to use the Bagnall Wild system, in which all byes were restricted to the opening round, instead of being distributed through all the rounds until the final. There were 3500 spectators for the Challenge Round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027664-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Gentlemen's Doubles\nErnest Renshaw /  William Renshaw defeated  Claude Farrer /  Arthur Stanley, 6\u20133, 6\u20133, 10\u20138", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027665-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Doubles\nErnest Renshaw and William Renshaw defeated Claude Farrer and Arthur Stanley 6\u20133, 6\u20133, 10\u20138 to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1885 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027666-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Singles\nHerbert Lawford defeated Ernest Renshaw 5\u20137, 6\u20131, 0\u20136, 6\u20132, 6\u20134 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champion William Renshaw defeated Herbert Lawford 7\u20135, 6\u20132, 4\u20136, 7\u20135 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1885 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027667-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Ladies' Singles\nMaud Watson defeated Blanche Bingley 6\u20131, 7\u20135 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1885 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027668-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 World Series\nThe 1885 World Series (the \"World's Championship\") was an end-of-the-year playoff series between the National League champion Chicago White Stockings and American Association champion St. Louis Browns. The Series was played in four cities (Chicago, St. Louis, Pittsburgh, and Cincinnati). It ended in a disputed 3\u20133\u20131 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027669-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1885 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1885 college football season. The Bulldogs finished with a 7\u20131 record. The team recorded six shutouts and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 366 to 11. Its only loss was against rival Princeton by a 6\u20135 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027670-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 Young colonial election re-count\nIn December 1885 the Elections and Qualifications Committee overturned the 1885 general election for Young, in which Gerald Spring and William Watson had been declared elected, with William Watson having a margin of 2 votes over James Mackinnon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027670-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 Young colonial election re-count\nThe petition made 2 main complaints (1) the returning officer at Bendick Murrell had marked the ballot papers with the electoral number of the voter, allowing anyone to ascertain how each elector had voted and (2) votes for Mackinnon were improperly rejected as informal. The members of the committee were Robert Smith (Chairman), John Burns, Henry Clarke, John Purves, George Reid, Septimus Stephen and John Sutherland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027670-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 Young colonial election re-count\nThe Elections and Qualifications Committee declared that William Watson had not been elected the member for Young, however no by-election was conducted. Instead instead the committee declared that James Mackinnon had been elected with a margin of 48 votes. No reasons were published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027671-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 college football season\nThe 1885 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Princeton as having been selected national champions. The season was notable for one of the most celebrated football plays of the 19th century - a 90-yard punt return by Henry \"Tillie\" Lamar of Princeton in the closing minutes of the game against Yale. Trailing 5\u20130, Princeton dropped two men back to receive a Yale punt. The punt glanced off one returner's shoulder and was caught by the other, Lamar, on the dead run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027671-0000-0001", "contents": "1885 college football season\nLamar streaked down the left sideline, until hemmed in by two Princeton players, then cut sharply to the middle of the field, ducking under their arms and breaking loose for the touchdown. After the controversy of a darkness-shortened Yale-Princeton championship game the year before that was ruled \"no contest,\" a record crowd turned out for the 1885 game. For the first time, the game was played on one of the campuses instead of at a neutral site, and emerged as a major social event, attracting ladies to its audience as well as students and male spectators. The Lamar punt return furnished the most spectacular ending to any football game played to that point, and did much to popularize the sport of college football to the general public.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027671-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 college football season, Conference standings\nThe following is a potentially incomplete list of conference standings:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027672-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 hangings at Battleford\nThe hangings at Battleford refers to the hanging on November 27, 1885, of eight Indigenous men for murders committed in the North-West Rebellion. The executed men were found guilty of committing murder in the Frog Lake Massacre and in the Looting of Battleford, These murders took place outside the actual fighting that took place during the North-West Rebellion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027672-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 hangings at Battleford\nThe trials and hangings followed the Looting of Battleford, where the judge himself had suffered material loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027672-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 hangings at Battleford\nPrior to the North-West Rebellion the Canadian government's actions in the District of Saskatchewan resulted in starvation, disease, and death among the Indigenous peoples of the area. Traditional means of self-support, such as buffalo disappeared with the sale of lands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027672-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 hangings at Battleford\nAt both Frog Lake and Battleford, some people took up arms against the wishes of their leaders. Some were sentenced to prison terms or death. Others fled to the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027672-0004-0000", "contents": "1885 hangings at Battleford, Trial and charges of bias against Stipendiary Magistrate (Judge) Charles Rouleau\nThe Frog Lake Massacre saw Indian Agent Thomas Trueman Quinn shot in the head. Quinn was a notoriously harsh Indian agent, who kept Indigenous people near Frog Lake on the brink of starvation (\"no work, no rations\"). Quinn treated the Cree with harshness and arrogance. Before dawn on April 2, 1885, a party of Cree warriors captured Quinn at his home. He refused to go to another location with the Cree warriors, and Wandering Spirit shot him dead. In the moments of panic following Quinn's shooting, eight other settler prisoners were shot dead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 109], "content_span": [110, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027672-0005-0000", "contents": "1885 hangings at Battleford, Trial and charges of bias against Stipendiary Magistrate (Judge) Charles Rouleau\nFollowing the end of the rebellion, marked by the capture of Batoche, the participants of the events at Frog Lake were taken to Battleford. Wandering Spirit pleaded guilty and was sentenced to hang on September 22, 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 109], "content_span": [110, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027672-0006-0000", "contents": "1885 hangings at Battleford, Trial and charges of bias against Stipendiary Magistrate (Judge) Charles Rouleau\nThe major trial condemning six of the eight men to death by hanging was heard by Battleford Resident Stipendiary Magistrate (Judge) Charles Rouleau. He was described as a \"heavy loser pecuniarily\" after the Looting of Battleford in the December issue of the Saskatchewan Herald following the hangings - in reality, his house had been burned to the ground, and he reportedly threatened that \"every Indian and Half-breed and rebel brought before him after the insurrection was suppressed, would be sent to the gallows if possible.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 109], "content_span": [110, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027672-0007-0000", "contents": "1885 hangings at Battleford, Trial and charges of bias against Stipendiary Magistrate (Judge) Charles Rouleau\nThe Cree-speaking men who were sentenced to hang were not provided with translation at their trial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 109], "content_span": [110, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027672-0008-0000", "contents": "1885 hangings at Battleford, People sentenced to death at Battleford\nThe following people were sentenced to die in Battleford. The first six names relate to murders which occurred at the Frog Lake Massacre, while the final two relate to murders which occurred during Looting of Battleford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027672-0009-0000", "contents": "1885 hangings at Battleford, Hangings\nThere are a number of first-hand historical records that exist of the Hangings at Battleford. The majority of accounts are written from the perspective of settlers in the area. Blood Red the Sun, a work by William Bleasdell Cameron, first published in 1926 as The War Trail of Big Bear, describes the events leading up to the Frog Lake Massacre and the executions in significant detail. Cameron's friends and colleagues were killed at the Frog Lake Massacre, and he was an HBC employee whose life was spared by Wandering Spirit. Cameron testified at the trials against the accused men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027672-0010-0000", "contents": "1885 hangings at Battleford, Hangings\nA number of sources indicate that children from Battleford Industrial School were brought from the school to witness the hangings as a \"warning\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027672-0011-0000", "contents": "1885 hangings at Battleford, Historical significance\nIn his 1970s-era histographical account of Indian policy in Canada, Prisons of Grass, Howard Adams points to the significance of the hangings at Battleford:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027672-0012-0000", "contents": "1885 hangings at Battleford, Historical significance\n\"Every member of the Indian nation heard the death-rattle of the eight heroes who died at the end of the colonizers rope and they went quietly back to their compounds, obediently submitting themselves to the oppressors. The eight men who sacrificed their lives at the end of the rope were the champions of freedom and democracy. They were incomparable heroes, as shown by their last moments.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027672-0013-0000", "contents": "1885 hangings at Battleford, Rediscovery of the gravesite\nAfter the hangings, the bodies were placed in a mass grave near the fort. It remained unmarked and forgotten for many years. In 1972, the gravesite was rediscovered by students who followed old plans of the fort in order to find the burial location. The location was marked with a concrete pad and chain fence. In later years, this was removed and replaced with a modern headstone bearing the names of the executed men. There is also an interpretive panel explaining the history of the burial site.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 57], "content_span": [58, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027672-0014-0000", "contents": "1885 hangings at Battleford, Rediscovery of the gravesite\nThe gravesite is located on public property in the Town of Battleford at  near the Eiling Kramer Campground and Fort Battleford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 57], "content_span": [58, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027673-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in Argentina\nThis article is about events that occurred in 1885 in Argentina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027674-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1885 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027675-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027675-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1885 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027675-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1885 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027676-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in Australian soccer\nThe 1885 season was the second season of competitive association football in Australia. The South British Football Soccer Association introduced their NSW football league (now known as the National Premier Leagues NSW).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027676-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 in Australian soccer, NSW Football League\nThe NSW state league began on 6 June 1885. Caledonians won the annual championship as the remaining fixtures were not played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027676-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 in Australian soccer, Representative matches\nAfter the end of the NSW football league, New South Wales XI played a match against the Victoria XI and was played on 16 July 1885 at East Melbourne Cricket Ground. Victoria won the match 4\u20130 with two goals by H. Dunbar and one goal each from F. Ware and U.F. Robbins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027676-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 in Australian soccer, Honours\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027677-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in Belgium\nThe following lists events that happened during 1885 in the Kingdom of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027679-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in Canada, Historical documents\nTwo settler women travel with Chief Big Bear's Cree band after Frog Lake Massacre", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027679-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 in Canada, Historical documents\nConvicted of treason, Chief Big Bear pleads for relief of his people", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027679-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 in Canada, Historical documents\nReport of psychiatric physician who visited Louis Riel in prison", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027679-0003-0000", "contents": "1885 in Canada, Historical documents\nMontrealers' resistance to vaccination during smallpox outbreak turns to rioting", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027680-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in Canadian football, Canadian football news in 1885, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 89], "content_span": [90, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027680-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 in Canadian football, Dominion Championship\n1885 Dominion Championship Game: University of Toronto Lawn - Toronto, Ontario", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027681-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1885 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027690-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in Liberia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1885 in Liberia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027691-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in Michigan, Population\nIn the 1880 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 1,636,937. By 1890, Michigan's population had increased by 27.9% to 2,093,890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027691-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 in Michigan, Population, Cities\nThe following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 5,000 based on 1880 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1870 and 1890 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027691-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 in Michigan, Population, Counties\nThe following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 30,000 based on 1880 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1870 and 1890 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027692-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1885 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027692-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 in New Zealand, Sport, Rugby union\nThe Nelson union is formed. It is now part of the Tasman Rugby Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027694-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1885 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027698-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1885 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027700-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1885 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027702-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in architecture\nThe year 1885 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027704-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1885 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027704-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 in association football, Events\nDuring the summer of 1885, there was pressure put on the Football Association to accept professionalism in English football, culminating in a special meeting on 20 July, after which it was announced that it was \"in the interests of Association Football, to legalise the employment of professional football players, but only under certain restrictions\". Clubs were allowed to pay players provided that they had either been born or had lived for two years within a six-mile radius of the ground. There were also rules preventing professional players playing for more than one club in a season, without obtaining special permission, and all professional players had to be registered with the F.A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027705-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1885  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027705-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 in baseball, Champions, Major League Baseball\nPost-season playoff: the Chicago White Stockings played the St. Louis Browns, which ended with both teams going 3\u20133\u20131 in a best-of-seven series. Game 1 finished in a tie called after eight inning due to darkness; Game 2 was awarded to Chicago by forfeit after six innings because St. Louis refused to continue after disputing an umpiring decision. Both teams dispute series and claim championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 50], "content_span": [51, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027706-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in film\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1885 in film, including a list of notable births.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027707-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027707-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 in literature\nYou don't know about me without you have read a book by the name of 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer'; but that ain't no matter. That book was made by a Mr Mark Twain, and he told the truth, mainly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027709-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027710-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027710-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027710-0002-0000", "contents": "1885 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027711-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027712-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in science\nThe year 1885 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027713-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in sports\n1885 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027714-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 in the Congo Free State\nThe following lists events that happened during 1885 in the Congo Free State", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027717-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina\nThe 1885 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina was the second census of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina taken during the Austro-Hungarian occupation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027718-0000-0000", "contents": "1885 speed skating race at Frognerkilen\nThe speed skating race at Frognerkilen in 1885 was a duel between Norwegian skater Axel Paulsen and Dutch skater Renke van der Zee. The race took place on the fjord ice on the bay of Frognerkilen, Kristiania, on 26 February 1885. Paulsen had been named \"amateur champion of the world\" following a series of victories in the United States in 1883 and 1884, and he was challenged by Dutch skater van der Zee. The competition was met with huge interest from the local population. A crowd of between 20,000 and 30,000 spectators witnessed the duel. The newspaper Morgenbladet published a special edition on the event. The duel was fought over a length of 3 English miles (4,827 meter). Paulsen won the race, finishing about one minute ahead of van der Zee. The prize money was 1,800 kr to the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027718-0001-0000", "contents": "1885 speed skating race at Frognerkilen\nThe organizing committee was headed by consul general Peter J. K. Petersen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027719-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Bolton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe 1885\u201386 season was the fourth season in which Bolton Wanderers competed in a senior competitive football competition. The club entered the FA Cup in October 1885, but were knocked out in the third round by Preston North End and subsequently disqualified for professionalism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027720-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 British Home Championship\nThe 1885\u201386 British Home Championship was the third annual international football tournament played between the British Home Nations. As common for the time, the matches were punctuated by some high scorelines and for the first time two teams finished level on points at the top of the table, thus sharing the championship as goal difference would not be introduced to separate teams for over nearly 90 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027720-0001-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 British Home Championship\nEngland and Scotland were the joint winners, with Wales third and Ireland last with zero points. The tournament began in February 1886 with a match between Wales and Ireland which Wales won comfortably 5\u20130. Ireland next played against England and Scotland, suffering two heavy defeats in which they conceded 13 goals for three in reply. With the three leaders therefore equal on points, England and Scotland played their match, sharing points in a 1\u20131 draw. Wales then played against England and Scotland in the final games but lost both, resulting in England and Scotland sharing the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027721-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1885\u201386 season was the 13th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027721-0001-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nDumbarton had an easy passage through the early rounds of the Scottish Cup before losing out to Hibernian, the East of Scotland Shield holders, in the fifth round after a 2-2 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027721-0002-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Dumbarton F.C. season, Dumbartonshire Cup\nDumbarton failed to hold on to the Dumbartonshire Cup and were defeated at the semi-final stage by Dumbarton Athletic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027721-0003-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Dumbarton F.C. season, Glasgow Charity Cup\nIt was at the semi final stage of the Glasgow Charity Cup that Dumbarton also tasted defeat, this time to rivals Vale of Leven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027721-0004-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Dumbarton F.C. season, Dumbartonshire Association Tournament\nAt the start of the season a tournament was played across the county in order to raise funds for the Dumbartonshire association. There were 8 invitees with the first rounds being played in two groups at Alexandria on 4 August and at Helensburgh a week later, where Dumbarton were due to have met Yoker, but their opponents having failed to turn up, the Dumbarton players entertained the crowd by playing a six-a-side match. The semi finals were played at Boghead where Dumbarton drew with Vale of Leven - the replay took place five days later. In the final against Dumbarton Athletic on 27 August Dumbarton won 2-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027721-0005-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDespite the growing competitive calendar, 22 'friendly' matches were played, including home and away fixtures against Rangers, Queens Park, Vale of Leven and Vale of Leven Wanderers, together with matches against Glasgow Cup holders Cambuslang, and Forfarshire Cup holders, Dundee Harp. In addition a four match tour of the north of Scotland was undertaken during the New Year holidays. In all, 14 were won, 5 drawn and 3 lost, scoring 72 goals and conceding 42.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027721-0006-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOf note amongst those donning the club's colours for the first time was Tom McMillan. At the same time two internationalists were lost from the club's squad:- Robert 'Sparrow' Brown's club career spanned seven seasons, and in addition to his international caps was a member of the Scottish Cup winning side of 1882-82. - Jock Hutcheson travelled south to join Bolton Wanderers. He served the club for over a decade, and was also a member of the cup winning squad. He was perhaps unlucky not to earn a Scottish cap, having played in 4 international trials without success.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027721-0007-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027721-0008-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\nAn international trial match was played on 13 March 1886 to consider selection of teams to represent Scotland in the upcoming games in the 1886 British Home Championship. James McAulay played for the 'Probables' and Ralph Aitken and Joe Lindsay for the 'Improbables'. The latter won by 6-3 with Lindsay scoring a hat-trick and Aitken getting another.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027721-0009-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\nSubsequently, five Dumbarton players were selected to play, as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027721-0010-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\n- Ralph Aitken, Michael Paton, James McAulay and Joe Lindsay earned their first, fifth, seventh and eighth caps respectively against England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027721-0011-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative matches\nFour representative matches were played during the season by the Dumbartonshire Football Association, and Dumbarton players were selected to play as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027721-0012-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative matches\nIn addition, the Scotland XI who played against Ireland (including Leitch Keir) subsequently played a friendly against Dundee Harp on 8 April 1886 - and lost 1-3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027722-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Eastville Rovers F.C. season\nThe 1885\u201386 season was the third to be played by the team that are now known as Bristol Rovers, and their second playing under the name Eastville Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027722-0001-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nAs with their first two seasons, Eastville Rovers continued to play only friendly matches during the 1885\u201386 season. A new blue-and-white hooped shirt with white shorts was adopted this year, replacing the original black and gold kit, and it was first worn during a truncated match against Bristol side Right Against Might on 17 October 1885. Only 40 minutes of play was possible in this game due to poor light \u2013 Right Against Might had failed to arrive at the ground until 5:10pm, not long before sunset.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027722-0002-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nThe Boxing Day fixture away to St George was also a shortened affair, with the game being abandoned after just 20 minutes due to one of the home team's players suffering a broken leg. With the score standing at 1\u20130 to St George, Mr E. Fleming attempted to kick the ball, but missed and instead his shin hit a Rovers player's knee. The sound of Fleming's leg breaking was reportedly heard 60 yards away. A benefit match was played for Fleming four weeks later between a combined Warmley and St George XI and a Bristol & District representative side. The game, played in difficult conditions on a partially frozen pitch, ended 2\u20130 to Warmley & St George.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027722-0003-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nWhere results are known, Rovers ended the season with three wins, a draw and two defeats, but they played at least nine other games on top of these.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027722-0004-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Results\nIn addition to these games there were also matches played against Bristol Wagon Works, Cardiff, Melksham and Wotton-under-Edge, the dates, venues and results of which are not known.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027723-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 FA Cup\nThe 1885\u201386 Football Association Challenge Cup was the fifteenth staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. One hundred and thirty teams entered, sixteen more than the previous season, although six of the one hundred and thirty never played a match. Blackburn Rovers retain the cup for the third time in a row. As of 2020, they were the last side to achieve an FA Cup hat-trick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027724-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nSeason 1885\u201386 was the eleventh season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the eleventh time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027724-0001-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts reached the second round of the Scottish Cup and were knocked out by Edinburgh rivals Hibs. They had to play their first round tie twice due to a protest by St Bernard's they won both games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027725-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Hibernian F.C. season\nSeason 1885\u201386 was the 10th season in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the 9th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027725-0001-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nHibs reached the semi - final of the Scottish Cup, losing  2\u20130 to Renton", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027726-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Luton Town F.C. season\nThe 1885\u201386 season was the first season in the history of Luton Town Football Club. The club had been in existence for less than three months on the season's start, and as Luton did not enter any league competition the team's first competitive match came on 31 October, an FA Cup tie against Great Marlow which was lost 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027726-0001-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Luton Town F.C. season\nThis article covers the period from 1 July 1885 to 30 June 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027726-0002-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Luton Town F.C. season, Background\nLuton Town Football Club was formed on 11 April 1885 at a meeting convened \"for the purpose of considering the advisability of forming a town football club\". The new club was a merger of the two leading local teams, Luton Town Wanderers and Excelsior; Excelsior's Dallow Lane became the home stadium of the new club. Some of the Wanderers players were not enthusiastic, as they had extended their name to Luton Town Wanderers only three months before; these players made the decision to continue separately to the new amalgamated club. Despite this, Luton Town's early line-ups consisted of six players from one of the former clubs and five from the other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027726-0003-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Luton Town F.C. season, Review\nLuton Town played only one competitive match during the season, an FA Cup first round tie at Great Marlow which was lost 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027727-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Millwall Rovers F.C. season\nThis is the first season of Millwall Rovers, the club that was to become Millwall. The club's first match was against Fillebrook FC on 3 October 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027727-0001-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Millwall Rovers F.C. season, Background\nMillwall Rovers were formed by the workers of J.T. Morton's canning and preserve factory in the Millwall area of the Isle of Dogs in London's East End in 1885. First founded in Aberdeen in 1849 to supply sailing ships with food, the company opened their first English cannery and food processing plant at Millwall docks in 1872 and attracted a workforce from across the country, including the east coast of Scotland, primarily Dundee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027727-0002-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Millwall Rovers F.C. season, Background\nThe club secretary was seventeen-year-old Jasper Sexton, the son of the landlord of The Islander pub in Tooke Street where Millwall held their meetings. Millwall Rovers' first fixture was on 3 October 1885 against Fillebrook, a team that played in Leytonstone. The newly formed team were well beaten 5\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027727-0003-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Millwall Rovers F.C. season, Season summary\nClub secretary Jasper Sexton submitted to the Football Annual the following record, of played 24, won 17, drawn 3 and lost 4. Goals 45 for and 28 against. After the away loss to Fillebrook, their first home game was against St Luke's, which they won 2-1. They won their next five games, then a draw, a defeat and four more wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027727-0004-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Millwall Rovers F.C. season, Kit\nNavy blue shirts and white trousers. The initials of the club MRFC were embroidered on the shirt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 40], "content_span": [41, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027728-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Morton F.C. season\nThe 1885\u201386 season was Morton Football Club's ninth season in which they competed at a national level, entering the inaugural Scottish Cup. The club competed in the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027729-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season\nThe 1885\u201386 season was Newton Heath LYR's third season of competitive football. The only competition that the club entered their first team in this season was the Manchester Cup, a competition in which they had reached the final at the first attempt the previous season. It was a case of \"second time lucky\" for the Heathens, as they went one better in the 1886 competition, beating Manchester 2\u20131 in the final to claim the first trophy in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027729-0001-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season\nThe Lancashire Cup, which the club had entered and been soundly beaten in both of the two previous seasons, split into \"Senior\" and \"Junior\" competitions in 1885. Believing that the club's status was better suited to the Junior competition, the Heathens entered their reserve team for the 1885\u201386 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027729-0002-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season, Manchester and District Challenge Cup\nAfter reaching the final of the Manchester Cup in 1884\u201385, the team would have been determined to go one better in 1885\u201386. Like the previous season, they were drawn at home to Eccles in the first round. Goals from Gotheridge and Watkins secured a 2\u20130 win for the Heathens and passage to the Second Round. Only the results of the Second and Third Round matches remain, with Newton Heath beating Gorton Villa 5\u20130 in the Second Round and Thornham 10\u20130 in the Third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027729-0003-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season, Manchester and District Challenge Cup\nThis set up a semi-final with Hurst to be played on a neutral venue in Salford. Gotheridge and Watkins were again on the scoresheet, Watkins getting a brace in a 3\u20131 win. As in the previous season, the final of the competition was played at Whalley Range, where Newton Heath were to play against Manchester. A strong wind and the incline of the pitch aided Newton Heath in the first half, and they went into half-time 2\u20130 up, goals coming from Watkins and Sam Black.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027729-0003-0001", "contents": "1885\u201386 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season, Manchester and District Challenge Cup\nThere was a certain amount of controversy about Watkins' goal, the Manchester players believing not only that Davies was offside before striking the original shot, but also that Watkins had diverted the ball into the net with his hand. Despite the Manchester appeals, the goal stood. Farrington scored a consolation goal for Manchester in the second half, but Newton Heath managed to hang on for the win, the first trophy in their history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027730-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1885\u201386 season is the 12th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027731-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Cup\nThe 1885\u201386 Scottish Cup was the 13th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Queen's Park won the competition for the eighth time after they beat defending champions Renton 3\u20131 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027731-0001-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Cup\nArbroath set a world record in the first round when they defeated Bon Accord 36\u20130 on 12 September 1885. The score remains a record in British senior football and globally for a match that was not fixed or thrown. Coincidentally, on the same day, Dundee Harp recorded an equally one-sided victory as they beat Aberdeen Rovers 35\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027731-0002-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 134 teams entered the competition in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027731-0003-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Cup, First round\nAlloa Athletic, Dykehead, Pilgrims and Queen of the South Wanderers received a bye to the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027731-0004-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Cup, Second round\nCartvale, Partick Thistle, Thornhill and West Calder received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027731-0005-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Cup, Fourth round\nPort Glasgow Athletic received a bye to the fifth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027731-0006-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Cup, Quarter-final\nQueen's Park, Renton and 3rd Lanark RV received a bye to the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 35], "content_span": [36, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027732-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1885-86 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027732-0001-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027732-0002-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe Hamilton Crescent ground was being re-turfed, so the Inter-City was played at Hampden Park for the first time that any rugby match was played there. The match was played in splendid weather. The Leeds Mercury reported that the match was the finest rugby match ever played in Glasgow; and that the attendance was the largest ever for a rugby match in Glasgow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027732-0003-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nGlasgow District: F. McIndoe (Glasgow Acdemicals), A. E. Stephen (West of Scotland), M. F. Reid (West of Scotland), R. G. Eaglesham (West of Scotland), C. E. Orr (West of Scotland), C. F. P. Fraser (Glasgow University), G. Ker (Glasgow Acdemicals), W. A. Walls (Glasgow Acdemicals), J. French (Glasgow Acdemicals), J. G. Mitchell (West of Scotland), D. Morton (West of Scotland), C. J. B. Milne (West of Scotland), J. E. Orr (West of Scotland), W. A. Macdonald (1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers), D. McLeod (West of Scotland).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027732-0003-0001", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nEdinburgh District: Cameron (Watsonians), G. Maitland (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), Morrison (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), Evans (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), A. G. G. Asher (Edinburgh Wanderers), A. R. Don-Wauchope (Edinburgh Wanderers), C. Reid, W. Huskie, T. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), J. McLeod (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), G. Henderson (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), J. Horsburgh Duke (Royal HSFP), J. Tod (Watsonians)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027732-0004-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nNorth of Scotland District: Back, C. Low (Dundee High School); halt-backs, A. Stewart (St Andrews University), A. Wills (High School), and H. P. Stiven (Panmure); quarter-backs, J. C. Baird and R. Lawson (St Antirews); forwards, M. McKerracher, J. Hill, and T. Bell (St Andrews), T. C. Ferguson (captain), P. G. Grant, and E. Carmichael (High School), C. M. Stewart and F. Hay (Panmure), P. Stewart (Kirkcaldy).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027732-0004-0001", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nGlasgow District: Back, F. Macindoe (Glasgow Academicals)\u00a0; half-backs, A. E. Stephen (West of Scotland), C. J. Higginbotham, and W. Robertson (Glasgow University)\u00a0; quarterbacks, C. E. Orr (West o\u00a3 Scotland) and C. F. P. Fraser (University); forwards, A. W. Young, J. B. Brown (captain), and J. French (Academicals), J. G. Mitchell, D. Morton, J. E. Orr, W. Neilson, and D. G. Findlay (West), and H. Edmiston (Clydesdale).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027732-0005-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nEast: J. P. Veitch (Royal HSFP), R. H. Morrison (Edinburgh University), G. Wilson (Royal HSFP), R. D. Sewell (Fettesian- Loretonians), P. H. Don-Wauchope (Fettesian- Loretonians), A. R. Don-Wauchope (Fettesian- Loretonians), A. G. G. Asher (Fettesian- Loretonians), C. Reid (Edinburgh Academicals), T. W. Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Rankin (Watsonians), T. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution F.P.) [ captain], A. P. Clay (Edinburgh Academicals), M. McLeod (Edinburgh Wanderers), M. C. M\u2018Ewan (Edinburgh Academicals), A. Duke (Royal HSFP), G. Henderson (Edinburgh Institution F.P.).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027732-0005-0001", "contents": "1885\u201386 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nWest: F. McIndoe (Glasgow Academicals), A. E. Stephen (West of Scotland), M. F. Reid (West of Scotland), W. Robertson (Glasgow University), C. F. Fraser (Glasgow University), H. Nelson (West of Scotland); J. B. Brown (Glasgow Academicals) [ captain], J. French (Glasgow Academicals), W. A. Walls (Glasgow Academicals), H. T. Ker (Glasgow Academicals), C. J. B. Milne (West of Scotland), J. G. Mitchell (West of Scotland), G. Findlay (West of Scotland), D. A. Macleod (Glasgow University), W. A. Macdonald (1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season\nThe first match played by what is now Southampton Football Club, from Southampton in southern England, was by a team from St. Mary's Young Men's Association (YMA) on 21 November 1885. Since then, the club established themselves as a major force in local and regional football before moving up to national level, winning the FA Cup in 1976 and being founder members of the Premier League in 1992.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0001-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Background, National\nThe game of association football (\"football\") had been popular in England for many years, having its origins in the Middle Ages. The game was played under various rules, all of which were considerably different from the modern game. By the mid-19th century, attempts were being made to unify the rules, with these culminating in the foundation of the Football Association in October 1863.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0002-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Background, National\nThe FA organised the first national tournament when they founded the Football Association Challenge Cup in 1871. At first, the cup was dominated by southern amateur sides, with the cup finals for the first ten years up to 1881 all being contested by teams from various public schools and similar institutions. Within the next two years, however, there had been a complete shift with Blackburn Rovers being the first northern club side to reach the final in 1882. The following year, the cup was won by a predominately working class side, when Blackburn Olympic defeated the Old Etonians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0002-0001", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Background, National\nThis was the last occasion that a public school side reached the final, and it was not until 1900 that a team from the south of England again reached the Cup Final, when Southampton were defeated by Bury, with Tottenham Hotspur going on to be the first southern professional club to win the cup in the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0003-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Background, National\nThis shift in football power to northern England was also reflected in the foundation of organised league football. By 1885, the FA had grudgingly accepted professionalism in football. The newly emerging professional clubs needed more regular competitive football and in 1888, The Football League was founded, involving 12 clubs from the midlands and north of England. The first southern side to be admitted to the Football League was Woolwich Arsenal, who joined the Second Division in 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0004-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Background, Local\nThe earliest known association football club in Southampton was Southampton Rangers, who had been founded in 1878. The team comprised workers, many of whom had been recruited from northern England, at the Oswald & Mordaunt (later Vosper Thorneycroft) shipyard and played their early games on Southampton Common. Among their players was a teacher, Mr. A. Wood, who became the club's secretary. Wood was later to be instrumental in the foundation of the Deanery football club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0005-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Background, Local\nIn the 1870s however, the predominant winter ball game in Hampshire was rugby with at least seven Rugby sides having been established in Southampton by 1880. In November 1880, a 19-year-old clerk, Stanley Gibbs, was killed (with a broken spine) as a result of a collapsed scrummage in a rugby match played on Porters Mead (now Queens Park) between Trojans and Romsey Rangers. Following the inquest, John Cooksey J.P. the mayor of Southampton, attempted to ban all forms of football on public lands in Southampton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0005-0001", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Background, Local\nThe ban was reported in the national press, with the Athletic News declaring that Mr. Cooksey was \"maternally disposed\" who bore the \"senile temerity of bumbledom\" upon his face. Although no football was played in Southampton on the day of Gibbs's funeral, on the following weekend the fixtures continued as normal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0006-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Background, Local\nNonetheless, it appears that the tragic accident did precipitate a gradual shift towards association football. The Deanery club, which was founded in 1882 as an offshoot of the Deanery Cricket Club, decided from the outset to play \"soccer\". Writing some years later, A. A. Fry (who was to play in the Y.M.A. 's first match) recalled: \"So far as I know, the first organised association football match in Southampton was played between two teams of teachers\u00a0... on the old Porter's Mead. Usually Rugby football was played there, and one day during a particularly fierce game one player was killed. This cast a shadow over the game for a time in the town, and it was then we began to play association football regularly\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0007-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Background, Local\nThe Deanery club folded in 1883, when the Town Council converted Porters Mead into a public park, with the last report being of a match in November 1883. By 1885, however, six soccer teams existed in the town and by 1893 the only rugby team still playing was Trojans (who still exist today). Among the soccer clubs was a team from Freemantle, then just outside the town boundary; the \"Magpies\", as Freemantle were known, were formed in 1884 and appear to have had strong links with Christ Church, Freemantle. Other clubs were Southampton Harriers, Spring Hill, Banister Court School and Somnambulists, a short-lived offshoot of Trojans Rugby Club, as well as Geneva Cross, a team from the Royal Victoria Military Hospital, based at Netley, to the south of the town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0008-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Background, Local\nThe Harriers had started life as the Temperance Amateur Athletic Association but changed their name in 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0009-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, St. Mary's Young Men's Association\nSt. Mary's Young Men's Association had been formed in the early 1880s under the auspices of St. Mary's Church, Southampton. The parish of St. Mary's had encompassed most of the eastern part of the town of Southampton, including across the River Itchen (what is now Woolston) and northwards to South Stoneham. By 1866, the parish had been sub-divided into several smaller parishes leaving St. Mary's Church presiding over the inner areas of Chapel, Crosshouse and part of Kingsland, although it remained the \"mother church\" for the town, having been founded in the 7th century. The present church was rebuilt under the auspices of Canon Basil Wilberforce, with the rebuilding starting in 1878 and being finished in 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 68], "content_span": [69, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0010-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, St. Mary's Young Men's Association\nThe parish contained some of the poorest parts of the town, with in excess of 8,000 parishioners, with the associated problems of violence, drunkenness and prostitution. The members of the YMA were (according to the St. Mary's Parish Journal  of March 1886) \"believers in muscular Christianity (who) think that the advantage of strong developed limbs, a supple frame, and a quick eye, cannot be overestimated\". \"Our young men\u00a0... use their physical strength and freedom as to make their power the handmaiden to that moral strength and decision of character, that shall free them from the world's slavery and bondage\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 68], "content_span": [69, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0010-0001", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, St. Mary's Young Men's Association\nThe \"Young Men\" were generally middle class, \"well-connected and well-educated\", and were expected to attend regular Bible classes and carry out duties within the parish, including singing in the choir and teaching at Sunday school. They helped out at clubs for the working classes including the Crow's Nest, a night school \"for a rough and neglected class of lads\", and the Fo'c'sle, a \"club for working lads\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 68], "content_span": [69, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0011-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, St. Mary's Young Men's Association\nBy 1886, the YMA had separate football, cricket, athletics and gymnasium sections as well as its own choral society and an entertainments committee, who organised a series of lectures on a diverse range of subjects.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 68], "content_span": [69, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0012-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Formation of the Football Club\nIn early November 1885, the members of St. Mary's Young Men's Association held a meeting at Grove Street schoolrooms to discuss the formation of a football club. The meeting was chaired by the Rev. Arthur Baron Sole (1853\u20131903) who was a curate at St. Mary's Church. Following the meeting, a match was arranged against Freemantle to be played on the \"backfield\" of the County Ground in Northlands Road, where the Hampshire Bowling Club was later established.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0013-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Strip\nThe players wore white shorts, black knee-length socks and \"white tunics\" with a red sash worn diagonally. Early photographs show the sashes worn from either shoulder in a rather haphazard fashion. In the club's 125th season (2010\u201311), the players wore a stylised version of the original strip, with the \"sash\" diagonally from right to left. It has also has been released again for the 2020\u201321 season. The third kit being the closest representation to the original sash design worn, the shirt also celebrates the clubs 135th year of its formation back in 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0014-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, The first match\nThe following report appeared in both the Hampshire Independent and Southampton Times newspapers in the week after the match:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0015-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, The first match\nThe football club which has just been formed in connection with St. Mary's Young Men's Association, played their first match on Saturday last according to \"Association Rules\", when they showed that they have among their members the materials with which to form a fairly strong club by practice. During the first half, St. Mary's scored four goals rather quickly, three of these being obtained from corner kicks. The game became much faster during the second half, and shortly after the change, St. Mary's scored another point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0015-0001", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, The first match\nFreemantle then obtained a goal through the ball from a corner kick passing off one of the St. Mary's team and so through the posts. Up to the call of time, no further point was scored, so that St. Mary's were the victors by five goals to one. The goals were obtained by Bromley (three) and Fry (2). The Freemantle team showed some good play during the latter part of the game, while the good individual play of each of the St. Mary's team was well sustained throughout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0016-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, The first match\nThe match reports did not contain a list of players for either side. In 1912, the Southampton Pictorial published a feature on the history of Southampton Football Club. Members of the original side were consulted who came up with this line-up:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0017-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, The first match\nThe reliability of this list of players has been called into question; A. G. Fry is later recorded as playing for Southampton Harriers in two matches against St. Mary's. The match reports for the remaining games do include team lists, and neither Ruffell nor McDonald are included in these. Of the players listed, four (A. A. Fry, A. G. Fry, George McIvor and George Gandy) had previously played for the Deanery Association Football side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0018-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Other matches\nIn the first season, the club arranged eight matches, although details of some of these have been lost; for example, a match was arranged against Totton on 16 January 1886 but no further details are available, although the St. Mary's Parish Magazine notes that the game was \"lost\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0019-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Other matches\nOn 9 January, the club played Southampton Harriers on Southampton Common; the Harriers had started life as the Temperance Amateur Athletic Association but changed their name in 1885. The Southampton Times described the match as \"a very exciting football match (played) under Association Rules\" \"before a good concourse of people\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0020-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Other matches, Results\nThe results of those matches that are known were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0021-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Aftermath\nOver the next few years, the St. Mary's club gradually established itself as the premier club in Southampton, winning first the Hampshire Junior Cup for three consecutive years from 1887\u201388 to 1889\u201390 followed by the Hampshire Senior Cup which was won in 1890\u201391 and 1891\u201392. By now known as Southampton St. Mary's F.C., the club first entered the FA Cup in 1891\u201392, reaching the final in 1900 and 1902, eventually winning the cup in 1976.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0022-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Aftermath\nThe club joined the Southern League in 1894 (simplifying its name to Southampton F.C.) and were champions for six of the next ten years. In 1920, Southampton were founder members of the Football League Third Division, gradually working their way up through the divisions, to reach the First Division in 1966. In 1992, they were founder members of the Premier League where they remained until 2005; following a series of financial problems, the club dropped back down to the third tier of English football before successive promotions restored them to the Premier League in 2012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027733-0023-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Players\nThe following is known about the eleven men who played in the inaugural match:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027734-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Stoke F.C. season\nThe 1885\u201386 season was the third season Stoke took part the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027734-0001-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Stoke F.C. season, Season review\nStoke fared little better in the 1885\u201386 FA Cup again failing to go beyond the first qualifying round, losing to nearby Crewe Alexandra in a replay after extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027735-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 Welsh Cup\nThe 1885\u201386 FAW Welsh Cup was the 9th edition of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027736-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season\nThe 1885\u201386 season was the eighth season in the history of West Bromwich Albion Football Club. In what was their inaugural season as a professional club, Albion moved to the Stoney Lane ground after leaving their previous home at Four Acres. The team also changed the colour of its kit, wearing blue and white striped jerseys for the first time. As league football had not been introduced in England at the time, the team competed solely in cup competitions and friendly matches throughout the season, playing 52 matches in total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027736-0001-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season\nWest Bromwich Albion won two regional cup competitions in 1885\u201386. They defeated Walsall Swifts by a single goal in the replayed final of the Birmingham Senior Cup, while in the Staffordshire Senior Cup a replay was again required as Stoke were beaten 4\u20132 following a goalless draw in the original tie. Albion also progressed through seven rounds to reach the FA Cup Final for the first time, becoming the first Midlands team to do so. However, after initially drawing 0\u20130 with Blackburn Rovers, they lost 2\u20130 in the replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027736-0002-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Off the field\nFootball was an amateur game until July 1885, when the Football Association decided to legalise payments to players. West Bromwich Albion held a committee meeting the following month, at which it was decided that the club should become professional. Albion's first professionals earned 10 shillings (50 pence) per week, with no training allowance provided.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 55], "content_span": [56, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027736-0003-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Off the field\nAfter deciding not to renew the lease on the Four Acres, Albion moved to their fifth ground, Stoney Lane, in time for the 1885\u201386 season. The ground was located close to the Plough and Harrow public house, which served as the club's headquarters at the time. Albion took out an initial seven-year lease on the Stoney Lane site, paying an annual rent of \u00a328 to its owner, a local undertaker named Mr Webb. The pitch was returfed and levelled, with ashes spread around the perimeter, and a wooden grandstand was built that came to be known as 'Noah's Ark'. The ground cost \u00a3370 to build, a sum that was offset by a number of friendly matches that took place early in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 55], "content_span": [56, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027736-0004-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Off the field\nDuring their early years, West Bromwich Albion had played in whatever coloured kit was available locally. However, at a committee meeting held in September 1885, the club decreed that blue and white striped jerseys should be adopted on a permanent basis. With the exception of a brief trial of scarlet and blue broad stripes early in the 1889\u201390 season, the team have worn these colours ever since, although initially the blue was of a lighter shade; the navy blue stripes were not introduced until after the First World War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 55], "content_span": [56, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027736-0005-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Off the field\nDue to the club's financial situation, the reserve team had their wages halved early on in the season, and by January 1886 the payments made to reserve players were withdrawn altogether, although there was a possibility of them receiving a bonus at the end of the season if funds permitted. This resulted in Albion's second team refusing to play against Small Heath Alliance and the game was cancelled. Some of the players were suspended as a result of their actions, but were later re-instated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 55], "content_span": [56, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027736-0006-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, FA Cup\nIn their third season in the FA Cup, West Bromwich Albion were drawn at home in every round prior to the semi-final. In the first two rounds, they defeated Aston Unity 4\u20131 and Wednesbury Old Athletic 3\u20132. The team then received a bye to the fourth round, where they beat Wolverhampton Wanderers by a 3\u20131 scoreline. Old Carthusians were defeated by a single goal in the fifth round. A hat-trick from Jem Bayliss\u2014the first by an Albion player in the FA Cup\u2014contributed to a 6\u20130 quarter-final victory over Old Westminsters, putting the club into the FA Cup semi-final for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 48], "content_span": [49, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027736-0007-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, FA Cup\nThe semi-final took place at Aston Lower Grounds and was against one of Albion's local rivals, Small Heath Alliance. Albion won 4\u20130\u2014Arthur Loach and George Woodhall each scoring twice\u2014to become the first Midlands club to reach the FA Cup Final. After the game, Small Heath supporters invaded the pitch and then pelted missiles at vehicles bound for West Bromwich, causing several injuries. In the final, Albion met holders Blackburn Rovers at the Kennington Oval, drawing 0\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 48], "content_span": [49, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027736-0007-0001", "contents": "1885\u201386 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, FA Cup\nNo extra time was played, so a replay was arranged at Derby Cricket Ground, the first time that an FA Cup Final match had taken place outside London. Albion were beaten 2\u20130 as Rovers lifted the FA Cup for the third year in succession. This was the first of three successive FA Cup Finals in which West Bromwich Albion participated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 48], "content_span": [49, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027736-0008-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Birmingham Senior Cup\nDue to a congested fixture list, Albion fielded a reserve side in the first two rounds of their fifth Birmingham Senior Cup campaign, beating Sparkhill Alliance 6\u20130 and Burton Swifts 4\u20131. Tommy Green scored a hat-trick in the third round match away at Notts Rangers, as Albion ran out 7\u20132 winners. Burslem Port Vale were defeated 5\u20130 in the semi-final, which took place at a neutral venue, Aston Lower Grounds. The team drew 1\u20131 with Walsall Swifts in the final, which was also at Aston Lower Grounds. The replay took place at the same venue and George Woodhall scored the only goal of the game as Albion won the trophy for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027736-0009-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Staffordshire Senior Cup\nAlbion, taking part in the Staffordshire Senior Cup for the fourth time, defeated Stafford Rangers 4\u20130 in the first round replay (following a goalless draw). In round two, a George Woodhall hat-trick helped to achieve a 5\u20132 win against Leek, after which Albion were handed a bye to the fourth round. They then beat Stoke Free Wanderers 5\u20130, while in the semi-final Burton Wanderers were defeated 3\u20130 at Stoke's Victoria Ground. The final took place at the same venue as Stoke themselves provided the opposition. The match finished goalless and Albion won the replay 4\u20132 at Stoney Lane in front of 5,500 supporters. Two goals from Jem Bayliss and one each from Tommy Green and George Woodhall gave Albion their second victory in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 66], "content_span": [67, 811]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027736-0010-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Friendlies and benefit matches\nAfter the move to Stoney Lane, Albion held four exhibition games to help cover the cost of the ground. The first of these was a 4\u20131 win against Third Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers on 5 September 1885, in front of 2,122 spectators. Tommy Green scored a hat-trick, including the first goal to be scored at Stoney Lane. As league football had yet to be established, the club also played in a number of other friendly matches throughout the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027736-0010-0001", "contents": "1885\u201386 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Friendlies and benefit matches\nTheir 31 friendly matches included 21 wins and 9 defeats, while one match against Bolton Wanderers was abandoned with the game still scoreless. Albion's joint biggest friendly victories of the season were their 7\u20130 wins against Small Heath Alliance, Aston Unity and Halliwell. The season's heaviest friendly defeat was the 0\u20137 reverse at home to Preston North End. Albion also took part in the Walsall Senior Cup and Birmingham Charity Cup, but entered a reserve team for both competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027737-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 in English football\nThe 1885\u201386 season was the 15th season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027737-0001-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 in English football, National team\nEngland were joint winners of the 1886 British Home Championship with Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027737-0002-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 in English football, National team\nNote \u2013 see Talk page re query on goalscorers against Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027737-0003-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027738-0000-0000", "contents": "1885\u201386 in Scottish football\nThe 1885\u201386 season was the 13th season of competitive football in Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027739-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\n1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1886th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 886th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 86th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  7th   year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1886, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027740-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on August 2, 1886, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027741-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Altrincham by-election\nThe 1886 Altrincham by-election was held on 26 March 1886 after the incumbent Conservative MP, John Baguley Brooks died. The seat was retained won by the Conservative candidate, Sir William Cunliffe Brooks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027742-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 American Cup\nThe 1886 American Cup was the second installment of the soccer tournament directed by the American Football Association. Clark ONT, as holders of the trophy, had successfully defended their title and receiving along with the trophy a pair of leg guards donated by the Alma Cricket and Football club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027742-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 American Cup, Participants\nThe Domestic club had withdrawn while the Almas, New York Rovers and Trenton were added. The clubs still all came from New York and New Jersey, though there were now four different cities represented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027742-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 American Cup, First round\nTrenton- E.H.Openshaw(c), J.James, J.Mart, H.Everingham, T.Baddely, D.Baggley, J.Mardel, W.Emery, T.McNichol, Frank Gee, R.Rhodes. Kearny Rangers: GK D.Ferguson, DF J.Hood, J.Lennox, MF T.Burke, W.Hood, D.Morris, FW R.Raeburn, W.Taylor, J.Young, J.Taylor, H.Ashley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027742-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 American Cup, First round\nONT: GK R.Hughes, DF H.Holden, J.Dougherty, MF T.Smith, Joe Swithemby, A.Polisher, FW C.McCann, J.Howarth, Jack Swithemby, J.McGurck, J.Swarbrick. Rovers: GK W.Donnegan, DF A.Crawford, W.Dunnan, J.Lachlan, MF W.Lachlan, B.Wilson, H.Westbrook, FW J.White, F.Malcomb, W.Harris, A.Campbell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027742-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 American Cup, First round\nAlmas: GK Hollenback DF Starmer, Moore, MF Farrow, Morton, Corbey, FW Lucas, Lodge, Maxfield, Gray, Curtin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027742-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 American Cup, Second round\nONT: GK Hughes, DF Pollister, Holden, MF Howarth, Joe Swithenby, P.Smith, FW Swarbrick, McGurck, McCann, Devine, Jack Swithenby(c). Thistles: T.Paterson, Chapman, Hall, Williamson, Forsythe, W.Turner(c), Anderson, A.Turner, Donaldson, H.Craig, J.Kane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027742-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 American Cup, Second round\nAlmas: GK Ryker, DF Moore, Conklin, MF Corby, Morton, Hirst, FW Gray, Lucas, Lodge, Curtin, Maxfield. Rangers: GK T.Hood, DF J.Hood, Lennox, MF Buck, W.Hood, Crawford, FW Ashley, William Taylor, Walter Taylor, Raeburn, J.Young.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027742-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 American Cup, Final round\nONT: GK P.Hughes, DF A.Palister, H.Holden, MF J.Howarth(c), Joe Swithenby, T.Smith, FW J.Swarbrick, J.McGurck, J.McCann, M.Devine, J.Fisher. Rangers: GK Furguson, DF J.Hood, J.Lennox(c), MF A.Alsop, W.Hood, T.Burke, FW T.Woods, J.McKell, W.Taylor, R.Raeburn, J.Conley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027743-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Amherst football team\nThe 1886 Amherst football team represented the Amherst University during the 1886 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027744-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Argentine presidential election\nThe Argentine presidential election of 1886 was held on 11 April to choose the president of Argentina. Miguel Ju\u00e1rez Celman was elected president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027744-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Argentine presidential election, Background\nConfident of his authority following six years of peace and prosperity, President Roca was by then known for his shrewdness as \"the fox.\" Enjoying the support of the agricultural elites - as well as of the London financial powerhouse, Barings Bank - Roca daringly fielded his son-in-law, C\u00f3rdoba Province Governor Miguel Ju\u00e1rez Celman, as the PAN candidate for president. A number of distinguished candidates appeared, including Buenos Aires Governor Dardo Rocha and Foreign Minister Bernardo de Irigoyen. Roca tolerated no opposition against his dauphin, however, who was selected nearly unanimously on 11 April 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027745-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on September 6, 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027745-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor Simon Pollard Hughes Jr. defeated Republican nominee Lafayette Gregg and Agricultural Wheel nominee Charles E. Cunningham with 55.31% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1886 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the early summer and the first half of fall in 1886. This is the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. It was a very active year, with ten hurricanes, six of which struck the United States, an event that would not occur again until 1985 and 2020. Four hurricanes became major hurricanes (Category 3+). However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea are known, so the actual total could be higher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0000-0001", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season\nAn undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. Of the known 1886 cyclones, Hurricane Seven and Tropical Storm Eleven were first documented in 1996 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz. They also proposed large alterations to the known tracks of several other 1886 storms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nThe 1886 Atlantic hurricane season commenced at 06:00 UTC on June\u00a013. The season was approximately average, featuring 12\u00a0tropical storms compared to the 1981\u20132010 annual average of 12.1. The number of hurricanes, however, was well above average, with 10\u00a0forming compared to the annual average of 6.4. The number of major hurricanes\u2014defined as Category\u00a03 or higher on the modern Saffir\u2013Simpson scale\u2014was four, compared to an average of 2.7. Owing to deficiencies in surface weather observations at the time, the total number of tropical storms in 1886 was likely higher than 12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0001-0001", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nA 2008 study indicated that about three\u00a0storms may have been missed by observational records due to scarce marine traffic over the open Atlantic Ocean. All but two\u00a0of the storms in 1886 affected land at some point in the tropical stages of their life cycles. Of these, four\u00a0hurricanes struck the island of Cuba, a record unsurpassed in any Atlantic hurricane season since then. According to the Cuban Meteorological Society, 1886 coincided with a highly active period, 1837\u20131910, in which one\u00a0hurricane struck the island every 9.25\u00a0years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0001-0002", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nAdditionally, seven\u00a0hurricanes made landfall in the United States, establishing a record for the number of hurricane strikes in a single season. The years 1886\u20131887 featured 11\u00a0U.S. hurricane landfalls, setting a record for consecutive seasons until 2004\u20132005, when 12\u00a0such storms hit the country. Hurricane activity centered on the Gulf of Mexico: all seven\u00a0landfalls in 1886 occurred on the U.S. Gulf Coast, with no hurricanes making landfall along the Atlantic Seaboard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nAlthough other storms may have gone undetected, tropical activity definitely began by the middle of June with the formation of the first named storm over the western Gulf of Mexico on June\u00a013. Two\u00a0other storms formed before the end of the month and also reached the Gulf of Mexico. The first three\u00a0storms of the season each attained hurricane intensity and eventually made landfall on the U.S. Gulf Coast with winds of 100\u00a0mph (155\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0002-0001", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nA mid-July storm that formed over the western Caribbean moved northward and struck the west coast of Florida as a hurricane, after two earlier, stronger storms had already done so. Never before or since have so many hurricanes struck Florida in the same season before the month of August. Three\u00a0storms, all of which attained major hurricane intensity, formed in close succession, over a span of eight\u00a0days, in August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0002-0002", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary\nThe first of these, the Indianola hurricane, was the strongest and most intense tropical cyclone of the season, striking multiple islands in the Greater Antilles before rapidly strengthening over the western Gulf of Mexico. It struck the U.S. state of Texas on August\u00a020 with winds of 150\u00a0mph (240\u00a0km/h), making it one of the strongest hurricanes on record to hit the state. September was a less active month than August, featuring two\u00a0hurricanes on and just after mid-month. The final hurricane of the year formed in early October and struck Louisiana with winds of 120\u00a0mph (195\u00a0km/h). Two\u00a0additional tropical storms occurred in October, with no further activity confirmed afterward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nEarly in June, unsettled weather prevailed over the western Caribbean Sea, causing heavy rain and strong winds over Jamaica as early as June\u00a07\u20138. However, ship reports and data from weather stations first confirmed that a low-pressure area formed off the coast of South Texas. Based on the data, HURDAT analyzed that a tropical storm formed about 140\u00a0miles (225\u00a0km) east-southeast of La Pesca, in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas, on the morning of June\u00a013. Moving generally northward at first, the cyclone quickly intensified through the day as it gradually turned to the north-northeast, paralleling the Texas coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0003-0001", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nBy 06:00 UTC on June\u00a014, the cyclone already attained hurricane status, and its parabolic path increasingly bent to the northeast. Around 16:00 UTC, the cyclone attained its peak intensity of 100\u00a0mph (155\u00a0km/h), equivalent to a modern-day Category 2 hurricane, and made landfall just east of High Island, Texas. The cyclone rapidly weakened as it headed inland to the east-northeast, crossing south-central Louisiana as a tropical storm on June\u00a015. Reanalysis in the 1990s determined that it dissipated about 20\u00a0miles (30\u00a0km) east-southeast of Hattiesburg, Mississippi, by 18:00 UTC on June\u00a015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nAs it passed just offshore, the hurricane produced strong winds from the east and northeast in Galveston, Texas, generating very high tides. Observers suggested that only the shifting of the winds prevented severe flooding, possibly the worst since a hurricane in 1875; even so, small boats sustained significant damage. Waterfront structures, a tramway, and a railroad were destroyed. Galveston recorded peak winds of 50\u00a0mph (81\u00a0km/h), and a barometer in town registered a minimum pressure of 29.43\u00a0inHg (997\u00a0mb); as these conditions were recorded outside the storm's radius of maximum wind, the cyclone was likely stronger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0004-0001", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nUpon making landfall, the hurricane brought a 7-to-8-foot (2.1 to 2.4\u00a0m) storm tide and major flooding to Sabine Pass and its environs. Numerous structures and wharves were destroyed by wind or water, and winds tore roofs from houses. Fruit trees in the area lost much of their fruit. Saltwater intrusion extended several miles inland, imperiling livestock for want of freshwater. Across the state border in adjourning Louisiana, widespread flooding occurred at Calcasieu Pass, where a barge stranded and schooners were wrecked. Half of the corn crop in southwest Louisiana was damaged. While losing intensity so rapidly after landfall that forecasters lost track of it, the storm generated prolific rainfall in its path across Southeast Texas and Louisiana, peaking at 21.4 inches (544\u00a0mm) in Alexandria, Louisiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 871]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nLittle more than a day after the dissipation of the previous hurricane, a broad area of low pressure over the western Caribbean Sea developed into a tropical storm while centered about 180\u00a0miles (290\u00a0km) east-southeast of Punta Allen, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Over the next two\u00a0days, the storm meandered toward and through the Yucat\u00e1n Channel, gradually intensifying as it proceeded to the north-northwest and north. Late on June\u00a018, the system attained hurricane status off the western tip of Pinar del R\u00edo Province, Cuba.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0005-0001", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nThe following day, the cyclone turned to the north-northeast, producing \"severe gales\" (47\u201354\u00a0mph, 76\u201387\u00a0km/h) over the waters off Cuba and Jamaica, as reported by ships. At 00:00 UTC on June\u00a020, the storm reached its peak intensity of 100\u00a0mph (155\u00a0km/h), and shortly afterward its forward speed accelerated. At 11:00 UTC on June\u00a021, the cyclone made landfall a short distance east of St. Marks, Florida, as a Category 2 hurricane. The storm gradually decreased in intensity over the next day and a half as it crossed the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic states. By 18:00 UTC on June\u00a023, the system passed about 70\u00a0miles (115\u00a0km) southeast of New York City and curved to the east before dissipating a day later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nOver a six-day period, a long duration of heavy rainfall from the storm caused severe flooding over parts of western Cuba, killing an undetermined number of people in flash floods. Winds over the island were apparently modest, however, though the rain over Vuelta Abajo was the heaviest over a one-week span in 29\u00a0years. Several locations were underwater following the deluge. As it passed west of Key West, Florida, the cyclone produced strong southerly winds there. At Cedar Key, gusts of 75\u201390\u00a0mph (121\u2013145\u00a0km/h) toppled trees, signage and communications wires, but caused little structural damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0006-0001", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nBetween there and Apalachicola, above-normal tides covered low-lying streets and pushed ships onshore. Heaviest damages were concentrated in and near Apalachicola and Tallahassee. The storm produced minimal effects in the Jacksonville area, as hurricane-force winds were confined to the west of the Gainesville\u2013Lake City area. The strongest sustained winds measured in Florida were below hurricane force\u2014only 68\u00a0mph (109\u00a0km/h) at Cedar Key\u2014but \"high tides\" affected much of the coastline near the point of landfall. Outside Florida, heavy rains, peaking at 5.44\u00a0in (138\u00a0mm), inundated streets in Lynchburg, Virginia, producing the then-wettest June on record at that place. A daily record for the month, 4.16\u00a0in (106\u00a0mm), also occurred in Washington, D.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 810]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nIn a 1949 report by meteorologist Grady Norton, the U.S. Weather Bureau\u2014later the National Weather Service\u2014considered the storm a \"Great Hurricane\", implying winds of at least 125\u00a0mph (200\u00a0km/h), though reassessments could find no evidence that the cyclone ever reached major hurricane status.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0008-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nClosely following the dissipation of the previous storm, yet another tropical storm developed about 90\u00a0miles (145\u00a0km) west of Negril, Jamaica, at 12:00 UTC on June\u00a027. The system quickly strengthened as it headed north-northwest, acquiring hurricane intensity early the next day. Sharply turning to the west-northwest, the cyclone continued to intensify, reaching its first peak intensity of 90\u00a0mph (150\u00a0km/h) at 18:00 UTC on June\u00a028. Maintaining force, it struck Pinar del R\u00edo Province, Cuba, later that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0008-0001", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nOn June\u00a029, the cyclone weakened as it crossed western Cuba, but began restrengthening over the eastern Gulf of Mexico as its path turned northwestward. Early on June\u00a030, the hurricane attained its second and strongest peak of 100\u00a0mph (155\u00a0km/h) as its path began curving to the north. Veering and accelerating to the northeast, the storm struck the Florida Panhandle near Indian Pass around 21:00 UTC that day. The cyclone weakened as it headed inland, losing its identity near Cedartown, Maryland, late on July\u00a02.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0009-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nIn Jamaica, \"at least\" 18\u00a0deaths were attributed to the effects of the storm, and a ship west of the island experienced hurricane-force winds. While described as being of only \"moderate intensity\", the hurricane caused considerable damage to western Cuba, where homes were destroyed or lost their roofs and trees were prostrated; flooding was reportedly severe as well. Damage was concentrated in and near Bataban\u00f3 and across Pinar del R\u00edo Province. Trece de la Coloma reported a minimum pressure of 29.49\u00a0inHg (999\u00a0mb).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0009-0001", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nTwo\u00a0drownings occurred when a ship capsized, and an unknown number of fatalities occurred on land in Cuba. In Florida, the eye of the cyclone passed over Apalachicola, which reported top winds of 70\u00a0mph (113\u00a0km/h). Homes in town lost their roofs, frame buildings collapsed, and several craft in the bay sank, killing some people. At Cedar Key, high tides undermined roadways, and winds of 47\u201354\u00a0mph (76\u201387\u00a0km/h) removed a warehouse from its foundation. Winds gusting to 80\u00a0mph (129\u00a0km/h) uprooted large trees and moved railroad cars in Tallahassee; one\u00a0person perished in Jefferson County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0009-0002", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\n\"Considerable\" destruction of crops occurred in parts of North Florida and adjacent Georgia. Farther north, in North Carolina, winds of 42\u201344\u00a0mph (68\u201371\u00a0km/h) affected Kitty Hawk and Fort Macon, respectively. Copious rains affected southeast Virginia over a two-day span, destroying railroad trestles and embankments. The James River crested 10 feet (3.0\u00a0m) above flood stage, flooding waterfront structures in Richmond and prompting evacuations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0010-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nAfter nearly two\u00a0quiet weeks, the fourth tropical storm of the season developed about 105\u00a0miles (170\u00a0km) west-southwest of George Town, Cayman Islands, at 06:00 UTC on July\u00a014. For two\u00a0more days, the system drifted west-northwest, gradually strengthening. On July\u00a016, the cyclone began turning to the northeast and accelerated. It reached hurricane status at 12:00 UTC on July\u00a017 and passed just west of Cuba later that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0010-0001", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nIts path then bent to the north-northeast, and early the next day, the storm attained its first peak intensity of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h) as its eye neared the west coast of the Florida peninsula. Around 01:00 UTC on July\u00a019, the hurricane made landfall near Ozello, Florida, at that intensity. The storm soon lost hurricane status as it swiftly turned to the east-northeast, briskly crossing North Florida en route to the Atlantic Ocean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0010-0002", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nAt 00:00 UTC on July\u00a020, the storm recovered hurricane status while centered about 140\u00a0miles (225\u00a0km) south-southeast of Cape Lookout, North Carolina, and six\u00a0hours later attained its second and strongest peak of 85\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h). The storm acquired extratropical characteristics early on July\u00a023, and after curving to the northeast over the far north Atlantic, it dissipated at 18:00 UTC on July\u00a024.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0011-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nAlthough it bypassed the island to the west, the cyclone generated heavy rains over western Cuba throughout July\u00a016\u201317, causing rivers to overflow their banks. An anemometer in Key West measured top winds of 52\u00a0mph (84\u00a0km/h) during the passage of the hurricane, with no damage to shipping in the harbor. A few schooners were forced to shelter in safe harbor overnight. Overall damage near the point of landfall in Florida was slight, as the area was thinly inhabited. Off the Atlantic coast of the Southeastern United States, the storm interrupted maritime traffic. Multiple ships in the path of the storm recorded hurricane-force winds; the lowest pressure reported dipped to 29.23\u00a0inHg (990\u00a0mb).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0012-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nA tropical storm developed east of Trinidad and Tobago on August\u00a012 and began moving northwestward. Originally it was thought the storm became a Category 1  hurricane the next day but re-analysis now shows it remained as a tropical storm until August\u00a014. On the evening of August\u00a015 it reached the island of Hispaniola. After crossing the south of that island as a Category 1 hurricane, it struck southeastern Cuba on August\u00a016 as a Category 2 hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0012-0001", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nThe storm briefly weakened whilst over land and entered the Gulf of Mexico near Matanzas on August\u00a018 as a Category 1 storm. As the hurricane crossed the Gulf of Mexico it strengthened further, first to a Category 2 then to a Category 3 cyclone. As it approached the coast of Texas, it had intensified to a 150\u00a0mph (240\u00a0km/h) Category 4 hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0013-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nOn August\u00a020, it made landfall as a category 4 hurricane at that strength with catastrophic results. At Indianola, Texas a storm surge of 15\u00a0feet overwhelmed the town. Every building in the town was either destroyed or left uninhabitable. When the Signal Office there was blown down, a fire started which took hold and destroyed several neighboring blocks. The village of Quintana, at the mouth of the Brazos River was also destroyed. At Houston the bayou rose between 5\u20136\u00a0feet on August\u00a019. Bridges were overrun by flood water and trees blown over at Galveston. Offshore several ships were wrecked there. Since the town of Indianola was destroyed, it was abandoned and never rebuilt. After making landfall, the storm eventually dissipated on August\u00a021 in the northwest corner of Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0014-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nOn August\u00a015 a hurricane was seen 90\u00a0miles northeast of Barbados. On August\u00a016 it passed over the island of Saint Vincent as Category 2 hurricane. The hurricane passed north of Grenada and continued westward towards the coast of Venezuela, bringing a heavy gale, and some damage, to Cura\u00e7ao before curving north. Around midnight on August\u00a019 it hit Jamaica, still at Category 2 intensity. The island experienced winds of 110\u00a0mph (180\u00a0km/h) throughout August\u00a019 and 20th. The hurricane approached the south coast of Cuba as a major Category 3 hurricane on August 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0014-0001", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nIt crossed Cuba over the central provence of Ciego de \u00c1vila before exiting the island near Moron on the north coast. The hurricane then passed over Nassau on the night of August\u00a022. It quickly moved northeastward, and travelled parallel to the east coast of the United States, still at Category 2 intensity, before it weakened and dissipated south of Newfoundland on the August\u00a027. Damage was extensive at several of the locations impacted by the hurricane and some fatalities occurred on St. Vincent, Jamaica and possibly Cuba.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0014-0002", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nThroughout the south of St Vincent, damage was extensive with many injuries and some fatalities reported. Thousands of trees were blown down and 300 homes destroyed on the island. At Jamaica crops and plantations were destroyed and some ships wrecked in Kingston harbour. In Cuba hundreds of homes were blown down, many trees were uprooted and some areas flooded. In the Bahamas, several sailing ships were blown ashore, both at Nassau and at Andros and at the Berry Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0015-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nA tropical storm formed west of Bermuda on August\u00a020. It passed about 175 miles to the south of the island before turning northwestward. As the storm travelled north on August\u00a021, it intensified to a 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) Category 3 hurricane. It reached the area of Georges Bank at that intensity on August\u00a022 and damaged several vessels there. On August\u00a023 it weakened to a Category 1 hurricane and became an extratropical storm on August\u00a024 near the Grand Banks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0016-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eight\nA tropical storm formed north of Puerto Rico on September\u00a016. It travelled west, passing north of Hispaniola on September\u00a017 and crossing Cuba in the Las Tunas region on September\u00a018. The next day the storm passed just south of Isla de la Juventud and continued westward before curving north into the Gulf of Mexico. As the storm travelled north, parallel to the east coast of Mexico, it intensified to a 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h) Category 2 hurricane. The hurricane maintained this intensity until it made landfall just south of the Mexico\u2013United States border early on September\u00a023.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0016-0001", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eight\nAfter crossing into Texas, the system quickly weakened and dissipated the next day to the southeast of Austin. Heavy rainfall was recorded, including about 26\u00a0in (660\u00a0mm) at Brownsville between September\u00a021 and September\u00a023. Two hundred houses were blown down there. Only five weeks after the devastation brought by Hurricane Five, Indianola was again flooded by rainwater and storm surge from Matagorda Bay. The remaining residents were evacuated. Following this storm the post office at Indianola was shut down, marking the official abandonment of the town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0017-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine\nA tropical storm formed in the western Atlantic on September\u00a022. Within two days it had grown to a Category\u00a02 hurricane with winds of 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h). The storm maintained this intensity for six days until September\u00a030, when it weakened to first a Category 1 hurricane then to a tropical storm. The cyclone never made landfall but is known from several ship reports. Most notable are those from the bark Mary, which endured the storm from September\u00a022 until the 28th, and that of the brigantine Pearl which, on the evening of September\u00a025, recorded sightings of ball lighting and \"St. Elmo's light at the yard-arms\" during the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0018-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ten\nA tropical storm was observed in the northwest Caribbean on October\u00a08. It moved to the northwest, reaching major hurricane strength in the Gulf of Mexico on October\u00a011. Late on October\u00a012, the hurricane made landfall as a category 3 hurricane near the border between Louisiana and Texas. It caused between 126 and 150 deaths in the East Texas area. due to the heavy rainfall and storm surge, with $250,000 in damage occurring. Port Eads, Louisiana and parts of New Orleans were reported to be flooded. Sabine Pass, Texas was all but destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0018-0001", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ten\nOn the afternoon of October\u00a012 wind speeds there reached 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h) and waves from the Gulf were 20 feet high. Most buildings in the town were destroyed and ten miles of railroad track damaged. Numerous vessels were washed miles inshore and wrecked. At Johnson Bayou, Louisiana most buildings in the town were destroyed, and many residents drowned, by the impact of a seven-foot storm surge which extended twenty miles inland. At least 196 people died as a result of the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0019-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eleven\nA tropical storm existed in the western Atlantic between October\u00a010 and October\u00a015. It reached a peak wind speed of 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) throughout October 13 and 14. It is thought that the existence of this storm may have been responsible for the westward deviation taken by Hurricane Ten in the Gulf of Mexico on October\u00a010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027746-0020-0000", "contents": "1886 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Twelve\nSeveral ships reported a large, but weak, tropical storm in the Caribbean Sea, south of Haiti on October\u00a022. It is thought the storm had actually formed the previous day. After crossing Haiti on October\u00a022 the storm continued moving northeastward into the Atlantic. The storm maintained a peak wind speed of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) throughout October\u00a023 and 24. It weakened on October\u00a025 and dissipated on October\u00a026 in the mid-Atlantic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027747-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027747-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027747-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027747-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027748-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Bathurst colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Bathurst on 9 March 1886 as a result of the appointment of Francis Suttor to the office of Postmaster-General in the Jennings ministry. Under the constitution, ministers in the Legislative Assembly were required to resign to recontest their seats in a by-election when appointed. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and on this occasion a poll was required for Bathurst and Redfern where Arthur Renwick was re-elected. The 7 other ministers were re-elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027749-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Battersea by-election\nThe 1886 Battersea by-election was held on 1 March 1886 after the incumbent Liberal MP, Octavius Vaughan Morgan resigned to seek re-election to pre-empt disqualification. He was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027749-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Battersea by-election\nAt the 1885 general election Morgan was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Battersea. However, his right to sit was questioned in 1886, as his family company Morgan Crucible held government contracts; from which, however, he had disassociated himself before his nomination. Morgan took the Manor of Northstead to resign from Parliament until the question was settled, but was returned unopposed at the ensuing by-election in March 1886. He held the seat at the general election in July 1886, and sat for Battersea until 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027750-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Belfast riots\nThe 1886 Belfast riots were a series of intense riots that occurred in Belfast, Ireland, during the summer and autumn of 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027750-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Belfast riots, Background\nIn the late 19th century, Catholics began to migrate in large numbers to the prosperous city of Belfast in search of work. By the time of the riots, Catholics made up over one-third of the population of the city. This migration brought with it sectarian tensions as Catholics and Protestants competed for jobs. As the minority, Catholics found themselves discriminated against in this area and were kept at the lower end of the labour market.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027750-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Belfast riots, Background\nAt this time there was a real possibility that the British government would establish a devolved Irish parliament (see Irish Home Rule Movement). Belfast Catholics believed that a devolved Irish government would be sympathetic to their situation and end the discrimination. Belfast Protestants believed this too, and feared the end of their privileged position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027750-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Belfast riots, Background\nIn April 1886, Prime Minister William Gladstone introduced a Home Rule Bill. The Bill was defeated in the House of Commons on 8 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027750-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Belfast riots, Riots\nThe introduction of the Bill led to renewed sectarian tensions in Belfast. On 3 June, a Catholic navvy sneered to a Protestant co-worker that under an Irish government Protestants would never get hired, even in Belfast. This represented the very worst fears of Protestants towards Home Rule and the story quickly spread throughout Belfast. This led to clashes between Protestant and Catholic labourers on the shipyards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027750-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Belfast riots, Riots\nThe riots intensified on 8 June, the day that the Home Rule Bill was defeated in parliament. Celebrations were held throughout the city to celebrate the defeat. Some of the revellers attacked Catholic homes and businesses. The police found themselves unable to cope with the situation. Reinforcements were sent in from other parts of Ireland. Most of the reinforcements were Catholic. A rumour that the reinforcements were sent by Gladstone to punish Belfast Protestants for opposing Home Rule spread throughout the city. It was encouraged by popular preachers such as Hugh Hanna. The rioters thus began to attack the police, and later soldiers. Running battles between security forces and rioters lasted until 14 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027750-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 Belfast riots, Riots\nOn 22 June the reinforcements were sent home by the city government, although some were kept as trouble was expected on 12 July, the date of annual Protestant celebrations. Trouble did indeed erupt on the 12th and, contrary to the expectations of the government, the police found themselves overwhelmed by the Protestant attackers. Reinforcements had to be sent into Belfast again, and the threat of over 2,000 police officers and soldiers descending on the city caused the rioters to quit by 14 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027750-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 Belfast riots, Riots\nOn the last Saturday of July, Hanna held his annual outing for the Protestant children of Belfast. This outing usually involved a trip out to the countryside, with marching and drumming along the way. Hanna agreed to comply with the city's request that he forgo the drumming and marching due to the tense situation. As the outing made its way through Belfast, disappointed local Protestants joined in to march with their own drums and anti-Catholic banners. Marchers deliberately provoked the Catholics by marching into Catholic areas. Taunting quickly gave way to heavy street fighting between Catholics, Protestants and police. Bloody clashes on a par with the riots in June lasted for a few days, but low-intensity rioting continued until September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027750-0008-0000", "contents": "1886 Belfast riots, Riots\nOfficially thirty-one people were killed in the riots, although George Foy, who made surgical reports on the riots, reckoned that the real death toll might have been as high as fifty. Hundreds were injured. Over four hundred arrests were made. An estimated \u00a390,000 worth of property damage was incurred, and local economic activity was significantly compromised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027751-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Belgian general election\nPartial general elections were held in Belgium on 8 June 1886. In the elections for the Chamber of Representatives the result was a victory for the Catholic Party, which won 98 of the 138 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027751-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Belgian general election\nUnder the alternating system, elections were only held in four out of the nine provinces: Hainaut, Limburg, Li\u00e8ge and East Flanders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027751-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Belgian general election\nThe Catholics continued their gains, after the 1884 elections that gave them a victory over the Liberals. With the defeat of the Liberals by the Catholics in the eight-member arrondissement of Ghent, the Catholics now had all \"Flemish\" seats. Catholics also gained both seats of the arrondissement of Waremme and two out of seven in the arrondissement of Charleroi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027752-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Birthday Honours\nThe Queen's Birthday Honours 1886 were granted in celebration of the 24 May birthday of Queen Victoria. They were announced in the London Gazette of 28 May 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027752-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Birthday Honours\nRecipients of honours are shown below as they were styled in the Gazette, before their new honours or any subsequent honours. Various archaisms are preserved, e.g. spellings such as \"Burmah\", now spelt Burma (or called Myanmar), etc. ; abbreviations such as \"Knt.\" for Knight [Bachelor], etc. ; and sequence of post-nominal letters, such as \"K.C.B., V.C.\" whereas V.C. is now placed before other post-nominals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027753-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Blackpool by-election\nThe 1886 Blackpool by-election was held on 20 August 1886 after the incumbent Conservative MP Frederick Stanley was elevated to the House of Lords and thus had to resign his seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The seat was won by the Conservative candidate Sir Matthew Ridley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027754-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Boston Beaneaters season\nThe 1886 Boston Beaneaters season was the sixteenth season of the franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027754-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027754-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027755-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1886 saw the reelection of Hugh O'Brien to a third consecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027756-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 British Columbia general election\nThe 1886 British Columbia general election was held in 1886. The number of members was increased for this election from 25 to 27, and the number of ridings increased to 13.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027756-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 British Columbia general election, Political context, Non-party system\nThere were to be no political parties in the new province. The designations \"Government\" and \"Opposition\" and \"Independent\" (and variations on these) functioned in place of parties, but they were very loose and do not represent formal coalitions, more alignments of support during the campaign. \"Government\" meant in support of the current Premier; \"Opposition\" meant campaigning against him, and often enough the Opposition would win and immediately become the Government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027756-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 British Columbia general election, Political context, The Smithe, A.E.B. Davie, Robson and T. Davie governments\nThe election mandated the government of William Smithe who had assumed power from the failure of Robert Beaven's government in January 1883. In May 1887 Smithe died in office and Alexander Edmund Batson Davie assumed power, although due to his own illness he was unable to attend the opening of the Legislature. When Davie died in 1889 a further change of government saw newspaperman John Robson become Premier that year, receiving a mandate in the 1890 election only to die himself in 1892 of blood poisoning from a cut suffered from the door of a carriage. He was succeeded by Theodore Davie, who was Premier going into the 1894 election", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 116], "content_span": [117, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027756-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 British Columbia general election, Political context, Byelections not shown\nAny changes due to byelections are shown below the main table showing the theoretical composition of the House after the election. A final table showing the composition of the House at the dissolution of the Legislature at the end of this Parliament can be found below the byelections. The main table represents the immediate results of the election only, not changes in governing coalitions or eventual changes due to byelections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027756-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 British Columbia general election, Political context, List of ridings\nThe original ridings were thirteen in number, and Cowichan was restored to a two-member seat while New Westminster was increased to three, with the new total being 27 members. There were no political parties were not acceptable in the House by convention, though some members were openly partisan at the federal level (usually Conservative, although both Liberal and Labour allegiance were on display by some candidates).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027756-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 British Columbia general election, Political context, Polling conditions\nNatives (First Nations) and Chinese were disallowed from voting, although naturalized Kanakas (Hawaiian colonists) and American and West Indian blacks and certain others participated. The requirement that knowledge of English be spoken for balloting was discussed but not applied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027757-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Brooklyn Grays season\nThe 1886 Brooklyn Grays season was a season in American baseball. The team finished the season in third place with a record of 76\u201361, 16 games behind the St. Louis Browns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027757-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Brooklyn Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted In; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027757-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Brooklyn Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted In; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027757-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Brooklyn Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Walks; SO = Strikeouts; CG = Complete games", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027757-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Brooklyn Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027758-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Brooklyn Hill Football Club season\nThe 1886 Brooklyn Hills football team was an American football team that represented the Brooklyn Hill Football Club who had been playing football since at least the year prior, in the American Football Union during the 1886 football season. Coached and captained by William Halsey, notable halfback, capatin, and secretary of the fledgling American Football Union, the Hills compiled a 3\u20135\u20133 (of games confirmed), and finished 0\u20131\u20132 in AFU play before resigning from the Union on November 16 due to a lack of league games scheduled for Saturday and an inability to complete the rest of their conference schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027758-0000-0001", "contents": "1886 Brooklyn Hill Football Club season\nThe Brooklyn Hills were also not allowed to claim their forfeit win against the Unions of Columbia, as an AFU meeting on the same day confirmed. It is unclear whether or not Brooklyn Hill claimed a win on October 16 against the Crickets of Stevens Institute, with the referee deferring to the AFU, who either never resolved the issue or did so quietly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027759-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1886 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University in the 1886 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027760-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election\nConstitutional Assembly elections were held in Bulgaria in 1886. The body known as the Grand National Assembly (Bulgaria: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 - Veliko Narodno Subranie) was convened for a third time in order to elect a new prince following the abdication of Alexander I. The assembly was composed of 493 representatives and convened on 19 October 1886. It then dissolved itself on 3 August 1887, having elected Ferdinand Saxe-Coburg and Gotha as the new prince of Bulgaria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027761-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Bulgarian coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe Bulgarian coup d'\u00e9tat of 1886, also known as the 9 August coup d'\u00e9tat (Bulgarian: \u0414\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442, Devetoavgustovski prevrat) was an attempted dethronement of Knyaz Alexander Battenberg in Principality of Bulgaria, carried out on 9 August 1886. Although unsuccessful, the event led to the abdication of Alexander Battenberg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027761-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Bulgarian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nAfter the Russo-Turkish War (1877\u201378) Bulgaria was liberated from Ottoman rule and Knyaz Alexander Battenberg was elected in 1879 as Prince of Bulgaria at the request of the Russian Tsar, his uncle, Alexander II. The latter was assassinated in 1881 and was succeeded by the conservative Alexander III.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027761-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Bulgarian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nThe relations between Bulgaria and Russia suffered after the Bulgarian unification with Eastern Rumelia in 1885, which had not been approved by Russia. Prior to the subsequent Serbo-Bulgarian War, Russia had withdrawn Imperial Russian Army officers, who had commanded all larger units of Bulgaria's young army until that point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027761-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Bulgarian coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nDespite the successful unification, the Rusophile circles in the country held Knyaz Alexander Battenberg responsible for the deterioration of relations with Russia. The Rusophiles had valued Russia's role in supporting the restoration of Bulgaria as a state in the boundaries, promised by the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027761-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Bulgarian coup d'\u00e9tat, Coup\nOn the eve of 8 to 9 August 1886 Alexander Battenberg was arrested in his palace in Sofia, forced to sign a decree for his abdication, and expelled from Bulgaria to Russia by boat. A provisional government was installed, led by Kliment of Tarnovo. However, the coup was not backed by many Bulgarian officers and politicians, including the chief of the National Assembly, Stefan Stambolov. A counter-coup, led by Sava Mutkurov, was organized in Plovdiv and the members of the original coup were quickly isolated. On 17 August 1886, Alexander Battenberg returned to Bulgaria, but his reign lasted only till 26 August 1886, when he abdicated of his own recognizance in an attempt to calm down the crisis in relations with Russia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 32], "content_span": [33, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027761-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Bulgarian coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath\nThe relations between Bulgaria and Russia continued to be hostile in the years following the coup. Bulgaria elected a new Knyaz on 7 July 1887, Ferdinand I of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, an Austrian Emperor's nephew and an officer in the Austrian army. Bulgaria's domestic political life was dominated during the early years of Ferdinand's reign by liberal party leader Stefan Stambolov, whose foreign policy saw a marked cooling in relations with Russia, formerly seen as Bulgaria's protector.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027762-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1886 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1886 college football season. The team was the first team to represent the University. The team competed as an independent under head coach Oscar S. Howard and compiled a record of 6\u20132\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027763-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 California gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 California gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886, to elect the governor of California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027764-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Cardiff Boroughs by-election\nThe Cardiff Boroughs by-election, 1886 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Cardiff Boroughs comprising the towns of Cardiff, Cowbridge and Llantrisant in South Wales on 27 February 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027764-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Cardiff Boroughs by-election, Vacancy\nUnder the provisions of the Succession to the Crown Act of 1707 and a number of subsequent Acts, MPs appointed to certain ministerial and legal offices were at this time required to seek re-election. The vacancy in the Cardiff Boroughs was caused by the appointment of the sitting Liberal Member of Parliament (MP), Sir Edward James Reed to become a Junior Lord of the Treasury, a formal title held one of the government's assistant Whips in the House of Commons. Reed had held his Cardiff district seat since 1880 and had previously been Liberal MP for Pembroke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027764-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Cardiff Boroughs by-election, Candidates, Liberals\nReed stood again in the Liberal interest. At the 1885 general election, he had only narrowly held his seat against his Conservative opponent, Henry Harben, formerly the unsuccessful Tory candidate in Norwich in 1880, a Sussex businessman in the insurance industry in London. Reed won by just 140 votes, a meagre 1.2% of the poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027764-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Cardiff Boroughs by-election, Candidates, Conservatives\nThis time the Conservatives selected John Talbot Dillwyn-Llewellyn, a 49-year-old land-owner and brother-in-law of former Cabinet Minister Sir Michael Hicks Beach. Dillwyn-Llewellyn seems to have been the only name put forward by the representatives of the various wards making up the constituency, reflecting the reluctance of Conservatives to put themselves forward in Welsh seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027764-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Cardiff Boroughs by-election, Candidates, Irish Party\nIt was reported that a meeting of the local Irish Party had been held at which it was decided, almost unanimously, not to stand a candidate of their own but to recommend a vote for Reed. This was confirmed with the receipt of a telegram from T. P. O'Connor, President of the Irish National League in London, by the local Cardiff branch of the League, which read, \"Executive of the National League respectfully advise the Irish electors of Cardiff to vote to a man to Sir Edward J Reed, the supporter of Mr Gladstone and justice to Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027764-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Cardiff Boroughs by-election, The result\nThe result was re-election for Reed by a majority of 863, a slightly healthier position over the general election of the previous November. The Irish vote may have been a factor. It was reported that the Irish vote had gone against the Liberals in 1885 whereas this time it was decidedly in favour. This is perhaps ironic as Reed was later to defect from the Liberals to the Liberal Unionist Party, the raison d\u2019etre of which was to oppose Irish Home Rule, albeit over the issue of tariff reform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027765-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Charleston earthquake\nThe 1886 Charleston earthquake occurred about 9:50\u00a0p.m. local time August 31. It caused 60 deaths and $5\u20136 million ($158.42\u00a0million in 2020) in damage to 2,000 buildings in the Southeastern United States. It is one of the most powerful and damaging earthquakes to hit the East Coast of the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027765-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Charleston earthquake\nScientists have classified it as an intraplate earthquake, and said that it had an estimated moment magnitude of 6.9\u20137.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). Very little to no historical earthquake activity had occurred in this region, which is unusual for any seismic area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027765-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Charleston earthquake, Earthquake\nThe shock was felt as far away as Boston, Massachusetts, to the north, Chicago, Illinois, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to the northwest, New Orleans, Louisiana, to the west, and across water to Cuba to the south, and Bermuda to the east. The earthquake was so severe that outside the immediate area, there was speculation that the Florida peninsula had broken away from North America. There were at least 60 fatalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027765-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Charleston earthquake, Earthquake\nSand boils were common throughout the affected area due to soil liquefaction. Aftershocks continued to be felt for weeks after the event. Minor earthquake activity that still continues in the area in the early 21st century may be a continuation of aftershocks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027765-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Charleston earthquake, Earthquake\nWith the development of earthquake studies and technology, this event has been extensively studied as an example of an intraplate earthquake. It is believed to have occurred on faults formed during the break-up of Pangaea. Similar faults are found all along the east coast of North America. It is thought that such ancient faults remain active from forces exerted on them by present-day motions of the North American Plate. The exact mechanisms of intraplate earthquakes are a subject of much ongoing research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027765-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Charleston earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nWithin the city, many of the buildings sustained damage; some had to be torn down and rebuilt. Wires were cut and the railroad tracks were torn apart, cutting residents off from the outside world and vice versa. The damage was assessed to be between $5 million and $6 million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027765-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 Charleston earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nMajor damage occurred as far away as Tybee Island, Georgia, which is more than 60 miles away. Structural damage was reported several hundred miles from Charleston, including in central Alabama, central Ohio, eastern Kentucky, southern Virginia and western West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027765-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 Charleston earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nThe Old White Meeting House near Summerville, Dorchester County, South Carolina was reduced to ruins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027765-0008-0000", "contents": "1886 Charleston earthquake, Earthquake, Aftermath\nMany building owners added earthquake bolts to existing unreinforced masonry buildings in order to add support to the structure to avoid having to demolish it because of instability. The bolts pass through the existing masonry walls, tying walls on opposite sides of the structure together for stability.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027765-0009-0000", "contents": "1886 Charleston earthquake, Earthquake, Aftermath\nLocal photographer George LaGrange Cook took a series of photographs of the city after the quake, publishing them as Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. A collection of his work is held by the Gibbes Museum of Art in the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027766-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1886 Chicago White Stockings season was the 15th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 11th in the National League and the 2nd at the first West Side Park. The White Stockings finished first in the National League with a record of 90\u201334, 2.5 games ahead of the second place Detroit Wolverines. The team was defeated four games to two by the St. Louis Browns in the 1886 World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027766-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027766-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027766-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027766-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027766-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Chicago White Stockings season, 1886 World Series\nThe White Stockings lost the 1886 World Series to the St. Louis Browns, four games to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027767-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Chilean presidential election\nThe Chilean presidential election of 1886 took place through a system of electors, and resulted in the election as President of Jos\u00e9 Manuel Balmaceda, who was the sole candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027768-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Cincinnati Red Stockings season\nThe 1886 Cincinnati Red Stockings season was a season in American baseball. The Red Stockings finished in fifth place in the American Association, 27.5 games behind the St. Louis Browns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027768-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nPop Corkhill had a breakout season, hitting .265 with five home runs and a team high 97 RBI, while Bid McPhee hit .268 with a team highs in home runs with eight, stolen bases with 40, and runs with 139. Fred Lewis had a team high .318 batting average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027768-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nOn the mound, Mullane was the ace of the staff, as he had a 33\u201327 record with a 3.70 ERA in 56 starts, as he struck out 250 batters in 529.2 innings pitched.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027768-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season, Season summary\nThe Red Stockings were coming off a second-place finish in the 1885 season, which was their highest placing since winning the 1882 American Association pennant. Cincinnati was relatively quiet during the off-season; however, Tony Mullane, who had been suspended for the 1885 season for defying his contract, returned and made his Cincinnati debut in 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 68], "content_span": [69, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027768-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season, Season summary\nThe Red Stockings started the season off slowly, winning only four of their first twelve games to sit in seventh place. Cincinnati would continue to play mediocre baseball, and would be in eighth place with a 24\u201335 record, 12.5 games out of first place. The Red Stockings then went on a seven-game winning streak to climb into sixth place to bring their record to 31\u201335, however, they remained 12.5 games out of first. The team eventually broke over the .500 level, reaching a season best three games over .500 with a 50\u201347 record. However, Cincinnati faded down the stretch, and finished with a losing record for the first time in team history, as they were 65\u201373, which was good for fifth place 27.5 games behind the St. Louis Browns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 68], "content_span": [69, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027768-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 81], "content_span": [82, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027768-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027768-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027768-0008-0000", "contents": "1886 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027768-0009-0000", "contents": "1886 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 77], "content_span": [78, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027769-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Cincinnati football team\nThe 1886 Cincinnati football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1886 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20130 record. Arch Carson was the team captain. The team had no head coach and played its home games at Union Ball Park in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027770-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Colombian presidential election\nIndirect presidential elections were held in Colombia in 1886. Rafael N\u00fa\u00f1ez was elected unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027770-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Colombian presidential election, Background\nFollowing the promulgation of the 1886 constitution, the Council of Delegates selected a president and vice president to serve a six-year term until elections in 1892. The Council also elected the Designdao, a designated replacement for the president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027771-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Colorado gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886. Democratic nominee Alva Adams defeated Republican nominee William H. Meyer with 49.66% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027772-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886. Republican nominee Phineas C. Lounsbury defeated Democratic nominee Edward S. Cleveland with 46.19% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027772-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThis was the second consecutive gubernatorial election in which the Republican-controlled state legislature elected the candidate who received fewer votes. The law at the time specified that if no candidate received a majority, the state legislature would decide the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027773-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Costa Rican general election\nThe 1886 Costa Rican general election was held on 4 April 1886. After the death of Pr\u00f3spero Fern\u00e1ndez Oreamuno in March 1885, Bernardo Soto Alfaro took over the presidency temporarily for the remainder of the term. Soto was a thirty-year-old young man who had to command the country in the war against Guatemala that sought to re-establish the Federal Republic of Central America. Soto was a freemason and liberal, belonging to \"The Olympus\", a group of liberal intellectuals who would have a great influence on Costa Rican politics and many would hold the Presidency of the Republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027773-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Costa Rican general election\nSoto managed to prevent through various tricks the candidacy of V\u00edctor Guardia Guti\u00e9rrez, brother of the late dictator Tom\u00e1s Guardia Guti\u00e9rrez, becoming sole and unanimous candidate in a two-degree type of election in which all male citizens allowed by law choose second-degree electors who selected the President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027774-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 County Carlow by-election\nThe County Carlow by-election, 1886 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of County Carlow on 29 January 1886. The sitting member, Edmund Dwyer Gray had been re-elected in the general election of 1885, but having run and been elected also in the new constituency of Dublin St Stephen's Green, he chose to sit for the latter. The County Carlow seat thus became vacant, and in the ensuing by-election, another Irish Nationalist candidate, John Aloysius Blake, was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027775-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Crescent Athletic Club football team\nThe 1886 Crescent Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Crescent Athletic Club during the 1886 college football season. The team compiled a 4\u20131 record and played its home games at Crescent Athletic Club grounds at Ninth Avenue and Ninth Street in Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027776-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Cypriot legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in Cyprus on 1 November 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027776-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Cypriot legislative election, Electoral system\nThe Legislative Council consisted of six official members appointed by the High Commissioner and twelve elected members, three of which were Muslims and nine of which were non-Muslims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027776-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Cypriot legislative election, Electoral system\nThe island was divided into three constituencies, each formed of two districts. Each constituency elected one Muslim and three non-Muslims. Muslim voters had one vote, whilst non-Muslims could vote for up to three candidates. Due to the high levels of illiteracy, voting was not secret, with voters required to tell the polling officers their candidates of choice, often in front of agents of the candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027776-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Cypriot legislative election, Electoral system\nSuffrage was limited to men aged over 21 who had been permanent residents during the five years prior to the election, and had paid either the verghi tax (which was levied as an annual payment of one four-thousandth of a property's value, 4% of rental income or 3% on profits or salaries) or rent for a dwelling or shop within the last year. The number of registered voters for the non-Muslim seats dropped from 16,727 in 1883 to 15,408.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027776-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nThe Larnaca\u2013Famagusta constituency only had three candidates for the three non-Muslim seats; Sotiris Amfietzis (Mayor of Famagusta and losing candidate in 1883), Ioannis Karemfylakis (a lawyer) and Nikolaos Rossos (another lawyer). They were declared elected on 18 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027776-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nThe Limassol\u2013Paphos constituency also only had three non-Muslim candidates; incumbent MLCs Kyprianos Economides, Socrates Fragoudis and Georgios Malikides. They were declared elected on 19 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027776-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nIn Nicosia\u2013Kyrenia, there were five non-Muslim candidates; incumbent MLCs Efstathios Constantinides and Paschalis Constantinides, Achillea Liasides (a lawyer who worked with Paschalis Constantinides), Kyrillos Papadopoulos (a priest) and Nikolaos Rossos (who had also run in Larnaca\u2013Famagusta). Rossos attempted to withdraw his candidacy after being elected in Larnaca\u2013Famagusta, but it was too late for him to be removed from the ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027776-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 Cypriot legislative election, Results, Non-Muslim seats\nIn Nicosia\u2013Kyrenia, the only contested constituency, voter turnout was just 10%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027776-0008-0000", "contents": "1886 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, defeated Nicosia\u2013Kyrenia candidate Liasides protested that Kyrillos Papadopoulos (who had been elected in third place) was not registered to vote in the constituency, and his election should be annulled. Papadopoulos subsequently resigned voluntarily, and a by-election was scheduled for 22 December. Liasides was the only candidate, and was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027776-0009-0000", "contents": "1886 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nKyprianos Economides died on 10 December 1886. In the by-election for the vacant seat on 3 January 1887, Dimitrios Nikolaidis (an MLC between 1883 and 1886) defeated the trader Michail Michailidis by 284 to 195 votes. Only 479 of the 3,990 registered voters voted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027776-0010-0000", "contents": "1886 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nFrom 1887 onwards there were a spate of resignations and by-elections, several of which had no nominations. Sotiris Amfietzis resigned from the Council in 1887. Richardos Matei, an unsuccessful candidate in the 1883 elections, was the only nominee, and was returned unopposed on 5 September 1887. Socrates Fragoudis also resigned from the Council in June 1889. No nominations were received for the subsequent by-election scheduled for 23 July. A second attempt to hold a by-election in November saw Papadopoulos returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027776-0011-0000", "contents": "1886 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nLarnaca\u2013Famagusta representative Ioannis Karemfylakis resigned in July 1889 and there were again no nominations for the by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027776-0012-0000", "contents": "1886 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nRichardos Matei and Georgios Malikides both resigned in January 1890. Pericles Vontitsianos was elected unopposed to replace Matei on 15 February, whilst Aristotle Paleologos was returned unopposed as Malikides' replacement on 25 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027776-0013-0000", "contents": "1886 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nA by-election was eventually held for the vacant seat in Larnaca\u2013Famagusta on 16 October 1890, with Richardos Matei defeating Loukas Paisiou by 183 votes to 144.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027777-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Dartmouth football team\nThe 1886 Dartmouth football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1886 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027778-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Delaware gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886. Incumbent Democratic Governor Charles C. Stockley was barred from seeing a second consecutive term in office. Former Congressman Benjamin T. Biggs won the Democratic nomination to succeed Stockley. The Republican Party, which was weak and practically nonexistent in the state at the time, did not run a candidate for Governor. As a result, the Temperance Reform Party briefly supplanted the Republican Party as the primary opposition to the Democratic Party. Former State Representative and Smyrna Town Treasurer John H. Hoffecker, a former Democrat, emerged as the Temperance Reform nominee. However, the Democratic Party remained strong in the state; with no Republican opponent and only weak opposition, Biggs won in a landslide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 840]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027778-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Delaware gubernatorial election, Temperance Reform convention\nAt the Temperance Reform convention in Dover in June 1886, John H. Hoffecker received the party's nomination by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 66], "content_span": [67, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027778-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Delaware gubernatorial election, Democratic convention\nAt the Democratic convention in Dover in August 1886, former Congressman Benjamin T. Biggs entered as the frontrunner. He faced a number of prospective candidates, including:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 59], "content_span": [60, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027778-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Delaware gubernatorial election, Democratic convention\nDespite the fierce competition, however, Biggs was easily nominated, winning the convention vote on the first ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 59], "content_span": [60, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027779-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Derby by-election\nThe Derby by-election, 1886 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Derby, the county town of Derbyshire on 9 February 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027779-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Derby by-election, Vacancy\nUnder the provisions of the Succession to the Crown Act of 1707 and a number of subsequent Acts, MPs appointed to certain ministerial and legal offices were at this time required to seek re-election. The by-election in Derby was caused by the appointment of the sitting Liberal MP, William Vernon Harcourt as Chancellor of the Exchequer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027779-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Derby by-election, Candidates, Liberals\nHarcourt had been MP for Derby since 1880 when he had won the seat in a by-election. Before that he had been MP for Oxford, having first been elected there at the 1868 general election. In 1880 he was appointed Home Secretary in Gladstone's second administration and had to resign to seek re-election in Oxford. He was however narrowly beaten by his Conservative opponent, Alexander William Hall at the subsequent by-election on 8 May 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027779-0002-0001", "contents": "1886 Derby by-election, Candidates, Liberals\nTo enable Harcourt to return to Parliament and take up his appointment as Home Secretary, a seat was found for him at Derby by the resignation of the sitting Liberal MP Samuel Plimsoll. On becoming Chancellor of the Exchequer in February 1886, Harcourt had to resign again to seek re-election in Derby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027779-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Derby by-election, Candidates, Conservatives\nDerby was two member seat and very safely Liberal. Since the 1832 general election there had been only two occasions when the Conservatives had taken one of the two seats for the borough. Harcourt had been unopposed at his 1880 by-election and held a substantial majority over the sole Conservative candidate who had stood at the general election of 1885. Against this electoral background it is unsurprising that the Tories chose not to stand a candidate against Harcourt this time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 49], "content_span": [50, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027779-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Derby by-election, Candidates, Moderate Liberals\nIt had been reported on 6 February that it was not at that point a certainty that Harcourt would be unopposed and there was talk of what was described as a 'moderate Liberal'  being brought forward in support of Lord Hartington. Hartington had broken with Gladstone on the issue of Irish Home Rule, although had not yet formed the Liberal Unionist Party. It was thought however, as the day of the by-election approached, that there was not enough time to get such a candidate into the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 53], "content_span": [54, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027779-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Derby by-election, The campaign\nThe writ for the by-election was moved in Parliament on 4 February by Arnold Morley, who went on to be the new government's Chief Whip, along with a number of writs for other seats involving newly appointed ministers in Gladstone's third administration. These included Gladstone himself, Joseph Chamberlain and Henry Campbell-Bannerman amongst others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027779-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 Derby by-election, The campaign\nIn an election address to his former constituents, Harcourt promised to support the government of Mr Gladstone and in particular to assist in finding a solution to the Irish question. It was clear that Ireland and the consequences of Home Rule were the over-riding issue of the day, as the possibility of a moderate Liberal opponent had foreshadowed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027779-0006-0001", "contents": "1886 Derby by-election, The campaign\nIn a further speech to Liberals in Derby, Harcourt placed his trust in Gladstone to ensure that whatever concessions were made in respect of Ireland these would not be at the expense of the maintenance of social order, the supremacy of the Crown or the unity of the Empire. . As it turned out there were many Liberals who felt that, when it came, Gladstone's Home Rule Bill did not fulfil these criteria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027779-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 Derby by-election, The result\nThere being no nominations for any candidate but Harcourt, he was declared elected unopposed by the returning officer, the Mayor of Derby, on 9 February 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027780-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Detroit Wolverines season\nThe 1886 Detroit Wolverines had the best winning percentage of any major league baseball team to play in Detroit. They compiled a record of 87\u201336 for a .707 winning percentage. Nevertheless, the Wolverines finished in second place, 2\u00bd games behind the Chicago White Stockings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027780-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; Slg. = Slugging percentage; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027780-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; Slg. = Slugging percentage; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027780-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027780-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027780-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Detroit Wolverines season, Awards and honors, Players Ranking Among Top 100 of All Time at Position\nThe following members of the 1886 Detroit Wolverines are among the Top 100 of all time at their positions, as ranked by The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract in 2001:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 104], "content_span": [105, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027781-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Dublin University by-election\nThe Dublin University, by-election, 1886 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Dublin University on 13 August 1886. Following the general election of that year and the formation of a new government, both elected members in this two-seat constituency were appointed to government posts: David Plunket as First Commissioner of Public Works, and Hugh Holmes as Attorney-General for Ireland. According to the rules of the era, this required them to submit to re-election. No other candidate was nominated for either seat, and Plunket and Holmes were therefore elected unopposed: Plunket at 11 o'clock and Holmes at 12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027782-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Dunedin Central by-election\nThe 1886 Dunedin Central by-election was a by-election held on 19 October 1886 in the Dunedin Central electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027782-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Dunedin Central by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death on 1 September of the incumbent MP James Benn Bradshaw. The by-election was won by Thomas Bracken.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027782-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Dunedin Central by-election\nWilliam Hutchison who was interested in standing in both Wellington and Dunedin seats, and who had represented Wellington South in parliament was a controversial candidate. There were suggestions that Mr Bracken had agreed to stand down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027783-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Dutch Reformed Church split\nThe 1886 Dutch Reformed Church split, also known as Doleantie (from Latin dolere, 'to feel sorrow') was the name of a prominent schism in the Dutch Reformed Church (Nederlands Hervormde Kerk) which took place in 1886 and was led by the renowned minister Abraham Kuyper. The Doleantie was not the first schism in the Dutch Reformed Church. In 1834 another schism, the Secession of 1834 (Afscheiding van 1834), had led to the formation of the Christian Reformed Church in the Netherlands (Christelijke Gereformeerde Kerk in Nederland).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027783-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Dutch Reformed Church split\nIn 1885 the first moves towards schism were made when Kuyper and his supporters issued a formal complaint about liberalizing practices in the Dutch Reformed Church. Their complaint never won broad support within the church, and in the winter of 1885-1886 the call for schism grew stronger amongst a large number of conservative congregations, most of which were located in the Veluwe area and elsewhere in what is today the Dutch Bible Belt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027783-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Dutch Reformed Church split\nThe first congregation to secede was Kootwijk, on February 7, 1886 appointed a minister trained at the Free University of Amsterdam without waiting for permission of its classis. The following day the congregation in Voorthuizen followed suit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027783-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Dutch Reformed Church split\nThe seceded congregations united in the Low German Reformed Church (Dolerende) (Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerk (Dolerende)). Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerk had been the official name of the Dutch Reformed Church until 1816 and with this name the seceded churches wanted to show that they thought of themselves as the legitimate continuation of this church, which was highly prominent in the Dutch Republic. The suffix (Dolerende), meaning 'those who feel sorrow', was added to show their disapproval with the Dutch Reformed Church.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027783-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Dutch Reformed Church split\nLater in 1886 Kuyper and his supporters occupied the New Church in Amsterdam, the seat of the governing body of the Reformed Church, to force a settlement in the conflict over church property that had followed the Doleantie. In July 1886 the dolerenden had to accept a verdict against them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027783-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Dutch Reformed Church split\nIn 1892 the Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerken (Dolerende) merged with the Christian Reformed Church in the Netherlands to form the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027784-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 English cricket season\n1886 was the 100th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). Poor results caused the temporary relegation of both Hampshire and Somerset from first-class status. England beat Australia three-nil in the Test series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027784-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 English cricket season, Ashes tour\nThe Australians (referred to at the time as the \"colonials\") toured England for the fifth time and ninth test series in 1886; however their results did not equal those of previous tours. Of a total of thirty-nine games, they won only nine, lost eight and drew twenty-two, which is the second worst record by a touring Australian side after the 1890 team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027784-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 English cricket season, Ashes tour\nTheir poor results, including the loss of all three Tests with the last two being lost by an innings, were due to the decline of the key players, such as Fred Spofforth and Eugene Palmer who had made the 1882 team so strong, along with the absence of their former captain Billy Murdoch who was later to settle in England and assist Sussex.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027784-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 English cricket season, Ashes tour\nGeorge Giffen headed both the batting and bowling averages for the tourists, and achieved the rare feat of twice taking sixteen wickets in a match during the season, with sixteen for 65 against Derbyshire and sixteen for 103 against Lancashire. No player was to again achieve the \"double\" of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets until Giffen returned to England in 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027784-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 English cricket season, Events\nSomerset did not play any other first-class counties and dropped out of the Championship until 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027784-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 English cricket season, Events\nHampshire ceased to be a first-class county after years of difficult circumstances and poor results. They did play matches against Surrey and Sussex in 1886 but these matches are not recognised as first-class. Hampshire did not recover first-class status until the beginning of the 1895 season when they were readmitted to the Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027784-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 English cricket season, Events\nGeorge Ulyett achieved the unusual feat of scoring 1,000 runs with an average of under twenty, with 1,005 runs in 52 innings at an average of 19.78.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027784-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027785-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Epsom Derby\nThe 1886 Epsom Derby was a horse race which took place at Epsom Downs on 26 May 1886. It was the 106th running of the Derby, and it was won by Ormonde. The winner was ridden by Fred Archer and trained by John Porter. At the initial nomination stage 205 entries were received. At the beginning of 1886 Ormonde, Minting and Saraband were all a similar price for the Derby, around 11/2, with The Bard at 6/1. Neither Minting or Saraband lined up at Epsom though, both having been easily beaten by Ormonde in the 2000 Guineas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027785-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Epsom Derby, Full result\n* The distances between the horses are shown in lengths or shorter. shd = short-head; hd = head; PU = pulled up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027785-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Epsom Derby, Form analysis, Two-year-old races\nNotable runs by the future Derby participants as two-year-olds in 1885:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 51], "content_span": [52, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027786-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 FA Cup Final\nThe 1886 FA Cup Final was contested by Blackburn Rovers and West Bromwich Albion at the Kennington Oval. The match finished goalless, Albion wanted to play extra time but Blackburn Rovers declined, meaning a replay was necessary. The replay was particularly noteworthy in that it took place at Derbyshire County Cricket Club's Racecourse Ground, the first time an FA Cup Final was played outside London. The replay was won 2\u20130 by Blackburn Rovers, their third successive FA Cup Final victory. The goals came from James Brown and Joe Sowerbutts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027786-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, West Bromwich Albion\nIn their third season in the FA Cup, West Bromwich Albion were drawn at home in every round prior to the semi-final. In the first two rounds, they defeated Aston Unity 4\u20131 and Wednesbury Old Athletic 3\u20132. The team then received a bye to the fourth round, where they beat Wolverhampton Wanderers by a 3\u20131 scoreline. Old Carthusians were defeated by a single goal in the fifth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 59], "content_span": [60, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027786-0001-0001", "contents": "1886 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, West Bromwich Albion\nA hat-trick from Jem Bayliss\u2014the first by an Albion player in the FA Cup\u2014contributed to a 6\u20130 quarter-final victory over Old Westminsters, putting the club into the FA Cup semi-final for the first time. The semi-final took place at Aston Lower Grounds and was against one of Albion's local rivals, Small Heath Alliance. Albion won 4\u20130\u2014Arthur Loach and George Woodhall each scoring twice\u2014to become the first Midlands club to reach the FA Cup Final. After the game, Small Heath supporters invaded the pitch and then pelted missiles at vehicles bound for West Bromwich, causing several injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 59], "content_span": [60, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027787-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Galway Borough by-election\nThe Galway Borough by-election, 1886 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Galway Borough on 11 February 1886. The seat had been won by T. P. O'Connor of the Irish Parliamentary Party in the general election of 1885, but having been elected also in Liverpool Scotland, he chose to sit for the latter. The Galway seat thus became vacant, requiring a by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027787-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Galway Borough by-election, Background\nIt appeared at first that this would be a straightforward matter. The Times reported on 4 February that Dr O'Connor, brother of the East Donegal MP Arthur O'Connor, would stand for selection as Irish Parliamentary Party candidate, along with a Mr Doherty from Dublin. It was expected that the nominated candidate would be unopposed in the by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027787-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Galway Borough by-election, Background\nTwo days later, however, the paper announced a development. William O'Shea, formerly a Home Rule MP for Clare, and who had narrowly been defeated in the general election as a candidate for the Liberal party in Liverpool, would stand for the Irish Parliamentary Party. O'Shea's candidacy had been proposed by the Irish Parliamentary Party leader, Charles Stewart Parnell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027787-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Galway Borough by-election, Background\nParnell's move was opposed by leading members of the party - T. P. O'Connor, Joseph Biggar and T. M. Healy. Biggar and Healy went to Galway to offer their support to a local candidate, Michael Lynch. Speaking to a large crowd, Healy protested of 'an attempt to foist a politician who had voted with the Whigs' on the Irish party, and complained that the party had not been consulted about the candidature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027787-0003-0001", "contents": "1886 Galway Borough by-election, Background\nHowever, like his colleagues, he was aware that Parnell was in a relationship with O'Shea's wife, Katharine, who had had three children by him - a fact not publicly known and likely to cause a scandal. In an attempt to persuade O'Shea to withdraw, Healy hinted to his campaign manager that Biggar might make public reference to the affair. This failed, and on 8 February both O'Shea and Lynch were nominated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027787-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Galway Borough by-election, Background\nParnell now made clear that support for O'Shea was essential to upholding his authority as party leader and representative of the Irish people. In a telegram to his followers, he wrote: \"If I be weakened now no other man in our time will ever get so near success\". Insisting that the only course of action was for Lynch to withdraw, he insisted that \"O'Shea has given most satisfactory pledges and he will not sit in opposition\". Privately, he made clear that he believed Healy had long planned to stab him in the back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027787-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Galway Borough by-election, Background\nAt a meeting in the Railway Hotel, Eyre Square, Galway, Healy and Biggar made their case to a hostile group of party MPs. Healy, in an emotional speech, denied that personal hostility was behind his actions. Outside, Lynch addressed a crowd, stating that the people had made Parnell, and they could unmake him. The parliamentarians, however, swung behind Parnell after a passionate speech in which he insisted that if he were defeated, \"a shout would rise from all the enemies of Ireland, 'Parnell is beaten; Ireland no longer has a leader'.\" Lynch was persuaded to withdraw his candidature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027787-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 Galway Borough by-election, Background\nBy now the ballot papers had been printed and the voting had to go ahead. O'Shea received just 945 votes, compared to the 1,335 O'Connor had got just months earlier. 65 people voted for Lynch, despite his withdrawal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027787-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 Galway Borough by-election, Consequences\nWhile the imposition of O'Shea as candidate emphasised Parnell's control of his party, the by-election was to have important consequences. O'Shea abstained in the House of Commons vote on the Home Rule Bill, and did not contest the general election that followed. Parnell's opponents pointed to the rift that had opened up within the party. The Times observed that \"a heavy blow had been struck at the discipline of the Home Rule Army\". The unionist Galway Express said that \"another such victory would cost him the leadership of the Irish party\". The personal divisions within the party remained, and those who opposed Parnell over Sligo would be prominent among the supporters of the Anti- Parnellite movement when the publicity surrounding the O'Shea divorce case brought his relationship with Katharine O'Shea to public notice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 877]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027788-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Grand National\nThe 1886 Grand National was the 48th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 26 March 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027789-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Gwydir colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Gwydir on 10 June 1886 because of the resignation of William Campbell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027790-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1886 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1886 college football season. The team finished with a 12\u20132 record and outscored opponents 765 to 41 under first-year head coach Frank A. Mason. On November 3, 1886, in a game played at Exeter, New Hampshire, the Crimson defeated the team from Phillips Exeter Academy by a score of 158-0, the highest point total ever achieved in a football game to that point. The team's two losses were against rivals Princeton (0\u201312) and Yale (4\u201329). Princeton and Yale are recognized by various selectors as the 1886 national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027791-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Home Nations Championship\nThe 1886 Home Nations Championship was the fourth series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Five matches were played between 2 January and 13 March 1886. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The 1886 Championship was shared by England and Scotland who both won two matches each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027791-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Home Nations Championship, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027791-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Wales\nEngland: AS Taylor (Blackheath), CG Wade (Richmond), AR Robertshaw (Bradford), Andrew Stoddart (Blackheath), A Rotherham (Richmond), F Bonsor (Bradford), Charles Gurdon (Richmond), WG Clibbon (Richmond), CJB Marriott (Blackheath) capt., GL Jeffery (Blackheath), RE Inglis (Blackheath), Froude Hancock (Blackheath), E Wilkinson (Bradford), Frank Moss (Broughton), CH Elliot (Sunderland)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027791-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Wales\nWales: Harry Bowen (Llanelli), Charles Taylor (Ruabon), Arthur Gould (Newport), Billy Douglas (Cardiff), Charlie Newman (Newport) capt., William Stadden (Cardiff), Frank Hill (Cardiff), Dai Lewis (Cardiff), George Avery Young (Cardiff), William Bowen (Swansea), D Morgan (Swansea), Edward Alexander (Cambridge Uni. ), Bob Gould (Newport), Willie Thomas (Llandovery), Evan Roberts (Llanelli)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027791-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Scotland\nWales: Harry Bowen (Llanelli), Charles Taylor (Blackheath), Arthur Gould (Newport), Frank Hancock (Cardiff) capt., Billy Douglas (Cardiff), Alfred Augustus Mathews (Lampeter), William Stadden (Cardiff), Frank Hill (Cardiff), Dai Lewis (Cardiff), George Avery Young (Cardiff), William Bowen (Swansea), D Morgan (Swansea), Edward Alexander (Cambridge Uni. ), Tom Clapp (Newport), Willie Thomas (Llandovery)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027791-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Scotland\nScotland: F McIndie (Glasgow Acads), WF Holmes (London Scottish), DJ Macfarlan (RIE College), RH Morrison (Edinburgh University), Andrew Ramsay Don-Wauchope (Fettesian-Lorettonians), PH Don Wauchope (Fettesian-Lorettonians),  JB Brown (Glasgow Acads) capt., AT Clay (Edinburgh Acads), J French (Glasgow Acads), TW Irvine (Edinburgh Acads), WM Macleod  (Edinburgh Wanderers), CJB Milne (West of Scotland), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads), J Tod (Watsonians), WA Walls (Glasgow Acads)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027791-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. England\nIreland: JWR Morrow (Queen's College, Belfast), EH Greene (Dublin Uni. ), JP Ross (Lansdowne), RG Warren (Lansdowne), DJ Ross (Belfast Acads), M Johnston (Wanderers) capt., Victor Le Fanu (Cambridge University), Thomas Lyle (Dublin Uni. ), HB Brabazon (Dublin Uni. ), T Shanahan (Lansdowne), RW Hughes (NIFC), R. H. Massy-Westropp (Limerick), J Chambers (Dublin Uni. ), J Johnston (Belfast Acads), WG Rutherford (Tipperary)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027791-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. England\nEngland: AS Taylor (Blackheath), CG Wade (Richmond), AR Robertshaw (Bradford), Andrew Stoddart (Blackheath), A Rotherham (Richmond), F Bonsor (Bradford), Charles Gurdon (Richmond), WG Clibbon (Richmond), CJB Marriott (Blackheath) capt., GL Jeffery (Blackheath), RE Inglis (Blackheath), Froude Hancock (Blackheath), E Wilkinson (Bradford), N Spurling (Blackheath), A Teggin (Broughton Rangers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027791-0008-0000", "contents": "1886 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Ireland\nScotland: F McIndie (Glasgow Acads), AE Stephens (West of Scotland), DJ Macfarlan (RIE College), RH Morrison (Edinburgh University), Andrew Ramsay Don-Wauchope (Fettesian-Lorettonians), AGG Asher (Edinburgh Wanderers),  JB Brown (Glasgow Acads) capt., AT Clay (Edinburgh Acads), DA Macleod (Glasgow Uni. ), TW Irvine (Edinburgh Acads), WM Macleod  (Edinburgh Wanderers), CJB Milne (West of Scotland), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads), J Tod (Watsonians), WA Walls (Glasgow Acads)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027791-0009-0000", "contents": "1886 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Ireland\nIreland: JWR Morrow (Queen's College, Belfast), Maxwell Carpendale (Monkstown), JP Ross (Lansdowne) capt., RW Herrick (Dublin Uni. ), JF Ross (NIFC), M Johnston (Wanderers), Victor Le Fanu (Cambridge University), J McMordie (Queen's College, Belfast), FH Miller (Wanderers), FW Moore (Wanderers), R Nelson (Queen's College, Belfast), FO Stoker (Wanderers), J Chambers (Dublin Uni. ), J Waites (Bective Rangers), HJ Neill (NIFC)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027791-0010-0000", "contents": "1886 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nScotland: JP Veitch (Royal HSFP),  WF Holmes (RIE College), GR Wilson (Royal HSFP), RH Morrison (Edinburgh University), Andrew Ramsay Don-Wauchope (Fettesian-Lorettonians), AGG Asher (Edinburgh Wanderers),  JB Brown (Glasgow Acads) capt., AT Clay (Edinburgh Acads), DA Macleod (Glasgow Uni. ), TW Irvine (Edinburgh Acads), WC McEwan  (Edinburgh Acads), CJB Milne (West of Scotland), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads), J Tod (Watsonians), WA Walls (Glasgow Acads)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027791-0011-0000", "contents": "1886 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nEngland: CH Sample (Cambridge Uni. ), Ernest Brutton (Cambridge Uni. ), AR Robertshaw (Bradford), Andrew Stoddart (Blackheath), A Rotherham (Richmond), F Bonsor (Bradford), Charles Gurdon (Richmond), WG Clibbon (Richmond), CJB Marriott (Blackheath), GL Jeffery (Blackheath), RE Inglis (Blackheath), ET Gurdon (Richmond) capt., E Wilkinson (Bradford), N Spurling (Blackheath), A Teggin (Broughton Rangers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027792-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Indianola hurricane\nThe 1886 Indianola Hurricane was a powerful tropical cyclone that destroyed the town of Indianola, Texas in August 1886, remarkably impacting the history and economic development of Texas. It was the fifth and strongest hurricane of the 1886 Atlantic hurricane season, and one of the most intense hurricanes to ever hit the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027792-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Indianola hurricane, Meteorological history\nA tropical storm developed east of Trinidad and Tobago on August\u00a012, and began moving northwestward. Originally it was thought the storm became a Category 1 hurricane the next day but re-analysis now shows it remained as a tropical storm until August\u00a014. On the evening of August\u00a015 it reached the island of Hispaniola. After crossing the south of that island as a Category 1 hurricane, it struck southeastern Cuba on August\u00a016 as a Category 2 hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027792-0001-0001", "contents": "1886 Indianola hurricane, Meteorological history\nThe storm briefly weakened over land and entered the Gulf of Mexico near Matanzas on August\u00a018 as a Category 1 storm. As the hurricane crossed the Gulf of Mexico it strengthened further, first to a Category 2 then to a Category 3 cyclone. As it approached the coast of Texas, it intensified to a 150\u00a0mph (240\u00a0km/h) Category 4 hurricane. At the time, it was tied for the strongest hurricane ever recorded (the first reported, and confirmed, Category\u00a05 hurricane would be in 1924).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027792-0001-0002", "contents": "1886 Indianola hurricane, Meteorological history\nOn August 19, winds increased in Indianola, and, on August 20, it made landfall as a catastrophic Category\u00a04 hurricane. Pressure at landfall is estimated to be 925 mbar, which would make it the sixth strongest hurricane known to have hit the United States, and by winds, it is tied for the fifth most powerful hurricane to hit the U.S. mainland. The hurricane moved inland and eventually dissipated on August\u00a021 in northeast Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027792-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Indianola hurricane, Impact\nThe total death toll was at least 74, including 28 in Cuba.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027792-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Indianola hurricane, Impact\nThe storm made landfall on the coast of Texas on August\u00a020, wreaking property destruction in a number of towns, and resulting in a number of deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027792-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Indianola hurricane, Impact\nIn Texas, the hurricane obliterated the town of Indianola that was only just recovering from a powerful 1875 hurricane on the same location. At Indianola a storm surge of 15\u00a0feet from Matagorda Bay overwhelmed the town. Every building in the town was either destroyed or left uninhabitable. When the Signal Office was blown down, a fire started which took hold and destroyed several neighboring blocks. The fire destroyed all but two of the town's buildings and killed a large number of citizens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027792-0004-0001", "contents": "1886 Indianola hurricane, Impact\nThe storm also destroyed two and half miles of railroad track, making communication with Indianola very difficult and complicating rescue efforts. This storm caused fewer fatalities however (46 in Indianola, compared to 400 in the 1875 storm), largely because the storm struck during the day and residents had time to take shelter. The hurricane also ended a severe drought in Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027792-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Indianola hurricane, Impact\nThe village of Quintana, at the mouth of the Brazos River, was also destroyed. At Houston, the bayou rose between 5\u20136\u00a0feet on August\u00a019. The storm reached Victoria, Texas at about 7 AM, destroying or damaging most of the buildings in the city. An estimated 75 houses were destroyed and another 118 were damaged. The town's jail and high school were both damaged while the freight station, Masonic hall, and certain sections of town were \"almost literally swept from the earth.\" No deaths were reported in the town, but the initial damages were estimated at $100,000 (equivalent to $2.6\u00a0million in 2019) and the citizens of the town declared the hurricane \"the most terrible storm ever known in Victoria.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027792-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 Indianola hurricane, Impact\nIn Galveston, Texas, the storm capsized a forty-ton schooner, the Liviona Perkins, killing three crew members. The storm also damaged roads, railways, and houses, leading to an estimated $200,000 in damage (equivalent to $5.2\u00a0million in 2019).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027792-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 Indianola hurricane, Aftermath\nMany of Indianola's residents relocated farther inland after the storm. Five weeks later, in September 1886, another hurricane hit the Texas coast between Brownsville and Corpus Christi. Indianola was again flooded by rainwater and storm surge from Matagorda Bay. The remaining residents were evacuated. Following this storm the post office at Indianola was shut down, marking the official abandonment of the town. The old town's ruins sit just offshore under 15\u00a0feet of water in Matagorda Bay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027792-0008-0000", "contents": "1886 Indianola hurricane, Aftermath\nThe storm ended the rivalry between Galveston and Indianola as the chief port of Texas. With the abandonment of Indianola and the unwillingness of the former residents to rebuild close to shore, Galveston became the most important Texan port until the catastrophic damage wrought there by the 1900 Galveston hurricane led to the rise of Houston as a major port on the Texan coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027793-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1886 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 24 November 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027793-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Invercargill mayoral election\nIncumbent mayor John Lyon McDonald was defeated by David Roche.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027794-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Italian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Italy on 23 May 1886, with a second round of voting on 30 May. The \"ministerial\" left-wing bloc emerged as the largest in Parliament, winning 292 of the 508 seats. As in 1882, the election was held using small multi-member constituencies with between two and five seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027794-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Italian general election, The race\nThe Historical Left was led by the Prime Minister of Italy, Agostino Depretis, a prominent member of the Italian politics for decades. Depretis had been head of the government since 1881 and also from 1876 to 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027794-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Italian general election, The race\nThe leader of the Historical Right was Antonio Starabba di Rudin\u00ec, a conservative marchese from Sicily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027794-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Italian general election, The race\nThe  Historical Far-Left was led by Felice Cavallotti, a famous Italian poet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027794-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Italian general election, The race\nThe Left emerged as the largest in Italian Parliament, winning 292 of the 508 seats, before the Right, which gained 145 seats. As in 1882, the election was held using small multi-member constituencies with between two and five seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027795-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Kansas City Cowboys season\nThe 1886 Kansas City Cowboys  was a season in American baseball. The team had a 30\u201391 record in the National League, finishing in seventh place. This was the only season this version of the team existed, as the team went bankrupt before the 1887 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027795-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Kansas City Cowboys season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027795-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Kansas City Cowboys season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027795-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Kansas City Cowboys season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027795-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Kansas City Cowboys season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027796-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886. Incumbent Republican John Martin defeated Democratic nominee Thomas Moonlight with 54.74% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027797-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1886 Kentucky Derby was the 12th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 14, 1886. The winning time of 2:36.50 set a new Derby record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027798-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Lafayette football team\nThe 1886 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1886 college football season. Playing without a regular coach, the team compiled a 10\u20132 record and outscored opponents by a total of 211 to 75.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027799-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Lehigh football team\nThe 1886 Lehigh football team represented Lehigh University in the 1886 college football season. The team finished with an overall record of 4\u20133\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027800-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Liechtenstein general election, Electors\nElectors were selected through elections that were held between 6 and 10 April. Each municipality had two electors for every 100 inhabitants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027800-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nThe election of Oberland's Landtag members and substitutes was held on 19 April in Vaduz. Of Oberland's 114 electors, 112 were present. Oberland elected six Landtag members and four substitutes. One Landtag seat for Oberland was left vacant as there were candidates from Oberland who did not accept their election as Landtag members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027800-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nThe election of Unterland's Landtag members and substitutes was held on 20 April in Mauren. Of Unterland's 68 electors, 67 were present. Unterland elected five Landtag members and two substitutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027800-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nXaver Bargetze and Wendelin Erni did not accept their elections as Oberland's Landtag members. Albert Sch\u00e4dler initially did not accept his election as one of Oberland's Landtag members, but he was elected as one of Oberland's substitutes and was subsequently made to become a Landtag member. Meinrad Ospelt was substituted in to become one of Oberland's Landtag members. Josef Brunhart and Johann Alois Schlegel did not accept their election as Oberland's substitutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027801-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Tuesday 1 November 1886. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027801-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Election\nAt the meeting of the Council on 9 November 1886, the terms of office of eight alderman expired. The following eight were elected as Aldermen by the Council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 9 November 1896 for a term of six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 57], "content_span": [58, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027801-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 2, Scotland, Tuesday 2 November 1886\nCaused by the resignation of Cllr. Laurence Connolly MP (Irish Home Rule, Scotland, elected 1 November 1884).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 92], "content_span": [93, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027801-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 13, St. Anne's Street, 23 November 1886\nCaused by the election of Dr. William Cross (Conservative, St. Anne's Street, elected 1 November 1886) as an alderman by the Council on 9 November 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 95], "content_span": [96, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027801-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 11, Abercromby\nAlderman John Pearson died on 2 June 1887. Councillor Anthony Bower (Conservative, Abercromby, elected 1 November 1884)  was elected by the council as an alderman on 6 July 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027802-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Louisville Colonels season\nThe 1886 Louisville Colonels season was a season in American baseball. The team finished with a 66\u201370 record, fourth place in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027802-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027802-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027802-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027802-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027802-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027803-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 MIT Engineers football team\nThe 1886 MIT Engineers football team was an American football team that represented the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an independent during the 1886 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027804-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Manitoba general election\nThe 1886 Manitoba general election and was held on December 9, 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027805-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1886 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1886 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027806-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886. Incumbent Republican Governor George D. Robinson did not run for re-election to a fourth term in office. He was succeeded by his Lt. Governor Oliver Ames, who defeated Democratic former State Senator John F. Andrew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027807-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 107th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1886 during the governorship of George D. Robinson. Albert E. Pillsbury served as president of the Senate and John Q. A. Brackett served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027808-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Mauritian general election\nGeneral elections were held for the first time in Mauritius between 11 and 20 January 1886. They followed the introduction of a new constitution the previous year. The Democrats and Reformists (also known as the Oligarchs) each won five of the ten elected seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027808-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Mauritian general election, Electoral system\nThe new constitution provided for a 28-member Council of Government, which consisted of the Governor, 12 officials, 5 appointed members and 10 elected members. The ten elected members were returned from nine constituencies formed from the nine districts, which all districts returning one member except Port Louis, which returned two. Voting took place in each constituency on a different day, starting in Port Louis on 11 January and ending in Grand Port on 20 January.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027808-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Mauritian general election, Electoral system\nThe franchise for the elections was severely limited; the right to vote was restricted to male British subjects aged 21 and over and who possessed Rs300 of immovable property or movable property worth Rs3,000, a monthly salary of Rs50, those paying rent of Rs25 a month or paying a licence duty of at Rs200 a year. People married to eligible voters, or the oldest son of a qualifying widow were also entitled to vote. As a result, although the population of Mauritius was 359,688, only 4,061 people were eligible to vote, of which just 253 were Asian.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027808-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Mauritian general election, Campaign\nA total of 25 candidates contested the elections; led by William Newton, the Reformists nominated ran candidates in all ten constituencies. The Democrats put forward nine, with their leader On\u00e9sipho Beaugeard running in two constituencies. The remaining six candidates were independents, one of whom (Arthur Pitot) also ran in two candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027808-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Mauritian general election, Campaign\nDespite the limited franchise, election notices were published in English, French, Hindustani (written in Arabic script), Tamil and Chinese.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027809-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Men's Tennis tour\nThe 1886 Men's tennis tour was composed of the tenth annual pre-open era tour incorporating 85 tournaments. The tour began in April in London, Great Britain and ended in December in Napier, New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027809-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Men's Tennis tour, Summary of tour\nIn the four most important tournaments of the year Herbert Lawford win a third successive Irish Lawn Tennis Championships title in Dublin beating Willoughby Hamilton in four sets. William Renshaw wins a sixth consecutive Wimbledon Championship defeating Irish Champion Herbert Lawford in four sets. At the Northern Championships in Liverpool, Harry Grove beats defending champion James Dwight in three straight sets. In the United States Dick Sears wins a sixth consecutive US National Championship beating Robert Livingston Beeckman in four sets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027809-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Men's Tennis tour, Summary of tour\nIn the United States the sectional tournaments the New England Championships, Northwestern Championships and Southern Championships are all staged for the first time this year. In New Zealand the New Zealand Championships are held for the first time at Napier, New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027809-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Men's Tennis tour, Summary of tour\nIrish player Willoughby Hamilton and British player Ernest Wool Lewis were joint title leaders this season winning 4 titles each. Harry Grove reached the most finals with 7 in total winning 3 of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027809-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 1: Challenge Round: the final round of a tournament, in which the winner of a single-elimination phase faces the previous year's champion, who plays only that one match. The challenge round was used in the early history of tennis (from 1877 through 1921), in some tournaments not all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027809-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar\nNotes 2:Tournaments in italics were events that were staged only once that season", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027809-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 Men's Tennis tour, Attribution\nThis article contains some copied and translated content from this article https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornei di tennis maschili nel 1886", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027810-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1886 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1886 college football season. The team played only two games, both against Albion College. Michigan won both games by a combined score of 74 to 0. Charles D. Wright, a senior from Minneapolis, Minnesota, scored six touchdowns in the first game. The manager and goalkeeper was John L. Duffy, a senior from Ann Arbor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027810-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Michigan Wolverines football team, Horace Prettyman\nThe team's captain was Horace Greely Prettyman, from Bryan, Ohio. Prettyman played eight years for the Michigan football team and was captain of the Michigan team three straight years from 1884 to 1886. No other player in the history of Michigan football has been selected as captain three times. In Prettyman's three years as captain, Michigan never lost a game, winning seven games and outscoring opponents 192 to 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027810-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Game one: Michigan 50, Albion 0\nThe first game was played on October 16, 1886, at Albion, with Michigan winning by a score of 50\u20130. The Michigan Argonaut described the game as \"a walk-over for our team.\" The score was already 37 to 0 when time was called for the half, and the Argonaut singled out Wright, Prettyman and Frank Higgins for their fine play. The writer noted that the Albion team was \"not in fine trim\" and failed to get the ball near the Michigan goal. Perhaps trying to find something favorable to say about the opponent, the Argonaut reporter observed that \"the Albion team did their best work in tackling.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 87], "content_span": [88, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027810-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Game two: Michigan 24, Albion 0\nThe second game was played at the Ann Arbor Fairgrounds on October 30, 1886, as part of a \"field day\" that included various athletic events. Michigan won the football game against Albion 24 to 0. The Michigan Argonaut noted, \"The most striking difference between the elevens was that of weight, U. of M. presenting a much heavier team. It was evident, however, that Albion had come to play ball, and what they lacked in avoirdupois was in great measure made up by neat and rapid playing.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 87], "content_span": [88, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027810-0003-0001", "contents": "1886 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Game two: Michigan 24, Albion 0\nThe teams agreed to play \"two innings of thirty minutes each,\" and the \"rugby game\" started at 3:35 with referee George W. Whyte calling, \"Play.\" Michigan lost the toss, and Jaycox kicked off for Michigan, sending the ball near Albion's goal line. Michigan scored its first touchdown seven minutes into the game to take the lead 6 to 0. Jaycox and Jim Duffy made several fine runs, and \"Prettyman's play was characterized by his usual heavy rushing.\" Michigan scored a second touchdown \"just before the inning was called,\" and led 12 to 0 at the intermission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 87], "content_span": [88, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027810-0003-0002", "contents": "1886 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Game two: Michigan 24, Albion 0\nThe second inning began at 4:40\u00a0p.m., and the Argonaut reported that \"Albion played a much better game in this inning that did Michigan, and several times it looked as though they would score.\" Jaycox and Jim Duffy made several bad fumbles in the second inning, and Morrow, \"who had been serving in first-class style one-fourth back, made several poor throws to the half backs and lost ground for Michigan.\" Jim Duffy made two brilliant runs in the inning, and Jaycox ran for a touchdown shortly before the game ended. Albion objected that the field was \"overrun with spectators,\" and also claimed that Jaycox had run out of bounds on his touchdown run, but the claim was overruled. The Argonaut concluded its report on the game by noting, \"The Albion boys were gentlemen, and played a square game.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 87], "content_span": [88, 887]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027811-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886. Republican nominee Cyrus G. Luce defeated Fusion candidate George L. Yaple with 47.65% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027812-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Mid Armagh by-election\nThe Mid Armagh by-election, 1886 was a parliamentary by-election held on 1 February 1886 for the British House of Commons constituency of Mid Armagh in Ireland. The seat had become vacant when the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) John McKane had died on 11 January 1886. McKane had held the seat since it had been created for the 1885 general election. The Conservative candidate, Sir James Corry, previously an MP for Belfast, held the seat for the party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027813-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Mine Falls Gatehouse\nCoordinates:  The Mine Falls Gatehouse is a dam gatehouse in Mine Falls Park in Nashua, New Hampshire. It was built in 1886 by the Nashua Manufacturing Company to regulate water flow from the mill yard. The company relied on waterflow to provide power to its mill. In 1987 the gatehouse was included in the Nashua Manufacturing Company Historic District and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027813-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Mine Falls Gatehouse, Origin\nThe Nashua Manufacturing Company received a charter in the 1820s to make cloth and to trade near the Nashua River. Three miles from where the company's mills were being built, a dam was constructed at Mine Falls. A power canal was hand-dug under the supervision of James Baldwin. His idea was to change the course of the water from the river, through the guard gates, and into the canal. By the time the water reached the mills, it had enough velocity to turn the waterwheels under the building.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027813-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Mine Falls Gatehouse, Origin\nThe gatehouse was constructed in 1886 during the presidency of Grover Cleveland. At the time it was a state-of-the-art improvement over the smaller gates that once occupied the canal. A Lowell, Massachusetts contractor, L.F. Kittrege, hired men to build five new lift gates that would be protected by the brick walls of the gatehouse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027813-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Mine Falls Gatehouse, Origin\nThe gatehouse, along with the dam and canal, is a part of the Nashua Manufacturing Company Historic District; they are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The gatehouse was built for practicality, not architectural refinement. Its interior contains the machinery that reflects the transition from hydro power to electric power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027813-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Mine Falls Gatehouse, Decline\nDuring the Great Depression of the 1930s, construction of new commercial buildings came to a stop as the economy declined. With changing manufacturing practices, many textile companies in New England closed or relocated to the South, where non-union workers could be hired for less money. Nashua Manufacturing Company did not move, and finally closed in 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027814-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1886 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota during the 1886 college football season. The season was the first season under head coach Frederick S. Jones. He came from Yale to teach physics and became known as the \"father of Minnesota football\". Unlike Coach Peebles, he preferred the rugby style of football. They each put together competing teams, but practical considerations helped to decide the future of football at Minnesota - Alfred F. Pillsbury arrived on campus and he owned a brand-new rugby ball, which was rare in those days. From that point on, football at Minnesota was played in the rugby style.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027814-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Before the season\nAfter not fielding a team in 1884 and 1885, the 1886 season saw the debut of Alf Pillsbury, a crucial figure in the early days of Minnesota football. Due to a lack of rules regarding eligibility in college football, he played on the team for eight years and was captain for two of them. On the way to the game in Faribault, the team designed its first set of signals. It didn't seem to help much in the game itself, which they lost 9-5. The rematch with Shattuck back in Minneapolis marked the first time that admission was charged at a Minnesota game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 62], "content_span": [63, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027814-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Before the season\nTeam of 1886: Rushers, William Wagner (center), Alf F. Pillsbury, F.W. Nickerson, Christopher Graham, J. Paul Goode, Birney E. Trask, Charles H. Alden; Quarterback, Howard T. Abbott (captain); Halfbacks, John F. Hayden, Herschel J. Mayall and E.R. Allen; Back, Frank D. Jones; Substitutes, Henry Cotton and A.D. Meeds; Coach, Frederick S. Jones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 62], "content_span": [63, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027815-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886 to elect the governor of Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027816-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Mudgee colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Mudgee on 29 June 1886 because of the resignation of John Robertson attributed to ill-health, financial difficulties and loss of the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027817-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 NYU Violets football team\nThe 1886 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1886 college football season. The Violets compiled an 0\u20133 record for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027818-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1886 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy in the 1886 college football season. The team marked the second time that the school played a multiple-game season. The squad was captained by halfback Clarence Stone. The year began with consecutive wins over rivals St. John's College and Johns Hopkins, but then regressed with a loss to the former and a close victory over the latter. The year concluded with shutout losses to the Princeton reserve squad and Gallaudet. The season was the program's longest until 1890, when that year's team played seven games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027818-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Navy Midshipmen football team, Prelude\nAccording to Ellsworth P. Bertholf's biographer C. Douglas Kroll, the first evidence of a form of football at the United States Naval Academy came in 1857, but the school's cadets lost interest in the game shortly afterward. The Naval Academy fielded its first official football program in 1879, headed by William John Maxwell. The team played one match (a 0\u20130 tie), after which the program went on hiatus for two years. It returned with the 1882 season under the guidance of player-coach Vaulx Carter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027818-0001-0001", "contents": "1886 Navy Midshipmen football team, Prelude\nThat season and the following two years of football, were single-game seasons played against rival Johns Hopkins; Navy won two of the three years. The 1885 season was the first the school participated in a multi-game year, playing three games, including the first against nearby St. Johns College. The season ended in what was generally considered a disappointment, ending in a 1\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027818-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season\nThe season began with a game against St. Johns, one of the first contests in what would become a heated rivalry. Navy won the game with relative ease, 12\u20130. The following game was against Johns Hopkins, played on November 13. The contest was an irregularity in the schools' rivalry; all previous and most following games were played on Thanksgiving Day, as a part of the Naval Academy's Thanksgiving athletic carnival. Although the score was close, a 6\u20130 win for the Naval Academy, Hopkins was never a threat to the cadets. After this point, the Academy's luck shifted. The squad was upset 4\u20130 in a rematch with St. Johns, and barely defeated Johns Hopkins in a 15\u201314 contest, played as a part of the athletic carnival. The Baltimore American covered the Johns Hopkins game in detail:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 42], "content_span": [43, 827]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027818-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season\nJust two days after the second Hopkins game, on November 27, the Naval Academy challenged the Princeton Tigers reserve squad and was easily shutout, 30\u20130. The Academy never came close to scoring on the reserves. The Naval Academy hosted Gallaudet in its final game of the season sometime in December, a contest that the visitors won in a shutout, 16\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 42], "content_span": [43, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027818-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Navy Midshipmen football team, Players\nThe 1886 Navy football team was made up of twelve players at five unique positions. The squad consisted of five rushers, one snap-back, two fullbacks, two halfbacks, and two quarterbacks. Three of the players (both halfbacks and a rusher) had played the previous season. The age of the players ranged several years due to the academy's admission policy; the school allowed for men between the ages of 14 and 18 to be admitted, which future player John B. Patton remarked made it \"just a boys' school\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027818-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath\nThe first postseason college football game would not be played until 1902, with the Pasadena Tournament of Roses' establishment of the Tournament East-West football game, later known as the Rose Bowl. The Midshipmen would not participate in their first Rose Bowl until the 1923 season, when they went 5\u20131\u20132 and tied with the Washington Huskies 14\u201314 in the match. As a result of the lack of competition, there were no postseason games played after the 1886 season. According to statistics compiled by Billingsly, Houlgate, the National Championship Foundation, Parke H. Davis, and the Helms Athletic Foundation, Princeton and Yale were declared the 1886 season national co-champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027818-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath\nPaul Dashiell, the Johns Hopkins player who nearly single-handedly beat the Naval Academy, later served as the team's head coach, leading the program to a 25\u20135\u20134 record between 1904 and 1906. The 1886 season kept Navy's overall win\u2013loss record at an even 6\u20136\u20131. It also brought the Academy's record against Johns Hopkins to a 4\u20132 lead, from which Hopkins never recovered. The season marked the first time a team for the Naval Academy would play a multiple-game season. The 1886 schedule was the longest for the Naval Academy until 1891, when that year's squad played seven matches. Navy finished the 1880s with four winning seasons, and an overall record of 14\u201312\u20132. The school outscored their opponents 292\u2013231, and would go on to finish the 19th century with an overall record of 54\u201319\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027819-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Nevada gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Nevada gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027819-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Nevada gubernatorial election\nRepublican nominee Charles C. Stevenson defeated incumbent Democratic Governor Jewett W. Adams with 52.41% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027820-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 New Brunswick general election\nThe 1886 New Brunswick general election was held on 26 April 1886, to elect 41 members to the 26th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The election was held before the adoption of party labels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027820-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 New Brunswick general election\nIn 1883, the Opposition led by Andrew George Blair defeated the government of Daniel L. Hanington in a non-confidence vote which resulted in the government's resignation and Blair being asked to form a government. The 1886 election saw Blair's government returned to office. Of forty-one MLAs, thirty-three supported the government, and eight formed the opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027821-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 New Hampshire gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886. Republican nominee Charles H. Sawyer defeated Democratic nominee Thomas H. Cogswell with 48.86% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027822-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 New Jersey gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886. Democratic nominee Robert Stockton Green defeated Republican nominee Benjamin Franklin Howey with 47.44% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027823-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 New York City mayoral election\nAn election for Mayor of New York City was held on November 2, 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027823-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 New York City mayoral election\nCandidates included four-term former state assemblyman Theodore Roosevelt, author Henry George, and twelfth-term U.S. congressman Abram Hewitt. Roosevelt, at age 28, would have been the youngest mayor in New York City history had he been elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027823-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 New York City mayoral election\nThe election saw many Republican voters swing their support to Hewitt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027824-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 New York Giants season\nThe 1886 New York Giants season was the franchise's 4th season. The team had a record of 75\u201344, finishing third in the National League, 12.5 games behind the Chicago White Stockings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027824-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027824-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027824-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027824-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027824-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027825-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 New York Metropolitans season\nThe 1886 New York Metropolitans (under new management) finished with a 53\u201382 record, seventh place in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027825-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027825-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027825-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027825-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027826-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 New York state election\nThe 1886 New York state election was held on November 2, 1886, to elect a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027826-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 New York state election, History\nIn 1880, there was only one state officer to be elected statewide: a judge of the Court of Appeals, to succeed Theodore Miller who had reached the constitutional age limit of 70 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027826-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 New York state election, History\nThe Republican State Committee met on September 29 at the Gilsey House in New York City. Charles Daniels was nominated for the Court of Appeals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027826-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic State Committee met on September 29 at Hoffman House in New York City. Charles C. B. Walker was Chairman. Rufus W. Peckham was nominated for the Court of Appeals by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027826-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 New York state election, Result\nThe Democratic judge was elected in a tight race, with a plurality of less than 8,000 votes. Only in New York City, Peckham had a majority of over 53,000 votes, thus swamping the solid Republican upstate majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027827-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 North Monaghan by-election\nThe North Monaghan by-election, 1886 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North Monaghan on 10 February 1886. Tim Healy of the Irish Parliamentary Party had won the seat in the  general election of 1885, but having been elected also in South Londonderry, he chose to sit for the latter. The North Monaghan seat thus became vacant, and in the ensuing by-election, Patrick O'Brien of the Irish Parliamentary Party was elected, defeating his Conservative opponent, Dr Hall, by 4,015 votes to 2,551, a slightly increased majority from the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027828-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Northwestern Purple football team\nThe 1886 Northwestern Purple football team was an American football team that represented Northwestern University during the 1886 college football season. The Northwestern team played only one game, a 32\u20134 loss at Evanston to a team representing the Harvard School Athletic Club. The loss to the Harvard School was only the fourth game played by a Northwestern football team, one game having been played in 1876 and two games having been played six years later in 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027829-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Nova Scotia general election\nThe 1886 Nova Scotia general election was held from 8 June to 15 June 1886 to elect members of the 29th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Liberal party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027830-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Ontario general election\nThe 1886 Ontario general election was the sixth general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on December 28, 1886, to elect the 90 Members of the 6th Legislative Assembly of Ontario (\"MLAs\").", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027830-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Liberal Party, led by Oliver Mowat, won a fifth consecutive term in government and an increased majority in the Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027830-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Conservative Party, led by William Ralph Meredith lost five of its seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027830-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Ontario general election\nThis and the next election (1890) were held under the Limited Vote system wherein Toronto voters had two votes for the three MPPs in their districts. This allowed a degree of minority representation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027831-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Open Championship\nThe 1886 Open Championship was the 26th Open Championship, held 5 November at the Musselburgh Links, Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland. David Brown won by two strokes from Willie Campbell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027831-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Open Championship\nThe contest consisted of four rounds of the nine-hole course. There were 42 entries, including seven amateurs. Horace Hutchinson and Johnny Laidlay were the two leading amateurs playing. Local Musselburgh professionals dominated the field, providing 19 of the professional entries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027831-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Open Championship\nBrown and John Lambert led after the first round, both scoring 38. Lambert and Willie Campbell led after two rounds on 78, with Brown on 79 with Willie Fernie and Ben Campbell. Brown had an excellent 37 in the third round and took a one-stroke lead over Willie Campbell. They both fared badly at the 3rd hole, where Brown took 7 and Campbell took 8. Campbell was ahead in the final round until he took seven at the 5th, having been bunkered twice on the hole. Eventually Brown finished two ahead of Campbell, finishing with two threes to Campbell's two fours. Willie Park Jr. finished strongly, but his chances were ruined by taking 34 on the first six holes of his first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027831-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Open Championship, Final leaderboard\nIndividual round scores are only known for the leading seven players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027832-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Oregon gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on June 7, 1886 to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. The election matched Republican former state senator Thomas R. Cornelius against Democrat Sylvester Pennoyer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027832-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Oregon gubernatorial election\nPennoyer gained support for advocating the use of American labor over Chinese immigrants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027833-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Peloponnese earthquake\nThe 1886 Peloponnese earthquake occurred at 23:27 local time (21:32 UTC) on 27 August. It had an estimated magnitude between 6.8 and 7.3 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum felt intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused extensive damage in Messenia, with the towns of Filiatra and Marathos both severely affected. Between 326 and 600 people were killed. It was felt over a wide area from the Khedivate of Egypt to Malta and possibly as far away as Bern and Marseille.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027833-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Peloponnese earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe western side of the Peloponnese lies close to the convergent boundary between the Aegean Sea Plate and the African Plate. A major NNW-SSE trending thrust fault is mapped off the coast near the location of the 1886 event and displacement on this may have caused the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027833-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Peloponnese earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake occurred at about 23:30 local time, although contemporary reports give a range of times. The shaking lasted for between 40 and 60 seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027833-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Peloponnese earthquake, Earthquake\nIntensities of \u2265X on the Mercalli scale have been estimated from contemporary reports, with the highest intensity reported from Filiatra and Gargalianoi on the mainland and on the island of Zakynthos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027833-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Peloponnese earthquake, Earthquake\nThe aftershock sequence continued for about twelve months with the largest being on 2 March 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027833-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Peloponnese earthquake, Earthquake\nA small tsunami was observed along the coast from Filiatra to Pylos with minor inundation. An underwater telegraph cable between Zakynthos and Crete was severed about 47\u00a0km south of Zakynthos, suggesting that the tsunami may have been caused by an underwater landslide triggered by the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027833-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 Peloponnese earthquake, Flames out to sea\nSmoke and flames were reported out to sea about half an hour after the earthquake by Captain Aquilina of the La Valette. This matches eyewitness accounts from the mainland of flames seen in the direction of the Strofades. Assuming that both observations were of the same phenomenon, it would be located about 150\u00a0km offshore. These observations were initially interpreted as a volcanic eruption, but the lack of any known previous activity combined with its location in the Mediterranean Ridge accretionary complex mean that this explanation is considered unlikely. The accretionary complex is known to have many mud volcanoes and the most likely cause of the flames is the spontaneous ignition of methane escaping from a mud volcano triggered by the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027833-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 Peloponnese earthquake, Damage\nSevere damage was widespread throughout Messenia, with the towns of Filiatra, Koroni and Ligudista completely destroyed and Gargalianoi, Kyparissia and Messini badly affected. A further 160 villages were either destroyed or severely damaged. Six other towns and 65 villages suffered significant damage. About 6,000 homes were so damaged as to be unusable and 50,000 inhabitants were left homeless. Several bridges were either damaged or destroyed and a 3\u00a0km length of train track was damaged near Pyrgos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027833-0008-0000", "contents": "1886 Peloponnese earthquake, Damage\nThe number of reported casualties varies widely, from 326 dead and 796 injured, 370 dead and 500+ injured, to 600 dead and an unknown number injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027834-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1886 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania during the 1886 college football season. In its second year under head coach Frank Dole, the team compiled a 9\u20137\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027835-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on November 2, 1886. Republican candidate James A. Beaver defeated Democratic candidate Chauncey Forward Black to become Governor of Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027836-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Peruvian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Peru in March 1886. Following the end of the Peruvian Civil War of 1884\u20131885, a decree was issued on 5 December 1885 calling for elections for the presidency and members of Congress. Victorious general Andr\u00e9s Avelino C\u00e1ceres of the Constitutional Party was the only candidate for president. He was also supported by the Civilista Party, while supporters of Nicol\u00e1s de Pi\u00e9rola in the Democratic Party boycotted the elections. C\u00e1ceres was inaugurated as president on 3 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027837-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1886 Philadelphia Athletics finished with a 63\u201372 record and finished in sixth place in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027837-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027837-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027837-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027837-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027837-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027838-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Philadelphia Quakers season\nThe 1886 Philadelphia Quakers season was a season in American baseball. The Quakers finished in fourth place in the National League with a record of 71\u201343, 14 games behind the Chicago White Stockings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027838-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027838-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027838-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027838-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027839-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season\nThe 1886 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season was the 5th season of the Pittsburgh Alleghenys franchise. The Alleghenys finished second in the American Association with a record of 80\u201357.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027840-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe 1886 Prince Edward Island election was held on 30 June 1886 to elect members of the House of Assembly of the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada. It was won by the Conservative party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027841-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1886 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1886 college football season. The team finished with a 7\u20130\u20131 record and was retroactively named as the national champion by the Billingsley Report and as a co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. They outscored their opponents 320 to 27.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027841-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Princeton Tigers football team\nOn Thanksgiving Day in Princeton, New Jersey, undefeated teams from Yale and Princeton met. The game started late due to the absence of a referee, and heavy rain caused the game to be called on account of darkness with Yale leading 4\u20130 in the second half. Under the rules of the time, the game was declared \"no contest\" by the substitute referee, and the final score was declared to be 0\u20130. After a special meeting of the Intercollegiate Football Association held to review the game, the Association issued a two-part resolution: that (1) Yale should have been acknowledged the winner, but that (2) under their existing rules, the Association did not have the authority to award the game to them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027842-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Quebec general election\nThe 1886 Quebec general election on October 14, 1886, to elect members of the 6th Legislative Assembly for the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Parti National, a broad coalition formed and led by Honor\u00e9 Mercier, that included the Parti lib\u00e9ral du Qu\u00e9bec and nationalist defectors from the Conservative party. The Parti national got a large boost when Liberals and dissident Conservatives rallied in reaction to the hanging of Louis Riel in 1885, for which the federal Conservatives were held responsible by Quebec voters. The nationalists won a majority of seats against the Parti conservateur du Qu\u00e9bec, led by John Jones Ross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027842-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Quebec general election\nThe Conservatives hung on in a minority government until Mercier became premier on January 27, 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027843-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Queen's County Ossory by-election\nThe Queen's County Ossory, by-election, 1886 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Queen's County Ossory on 12 February 1886. Arthur O'Connor of the Irish Parliamentary Party, member for the former Queen's County constituency, having been elected both in this seat and in East Donegal, chose to sit for the latter. The Queen's County Ossory seat thus became vacant, requiring a by-election. Only one candidate, Stephen O'Mara of the Irish Parliamentary Party, was nominated, and was elected unopposed. He held the seat until the general election later that year, which he did not contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027844-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Redfern colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Redfern on 9 March 1886 because Arthur Renwick was appointed Minister of Public Instruction in the ministry of Sir Patrick Jennings. Under the constitution, ministers in the Legislative Assembly were required to resign to recontest their seats in a by-election when appointed. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and on this occasion a poll was required for Redfern and Bathurst where Francis Suttor was easily re-elected. The 7 other ministers were re-elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027845-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Revelation\nIn the Mormon fundamentalist movement, the 1886 Revelation is the text of a revelation said to have been received by John Taylor, third President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), that is claimed to restate the permanence of the principle of plural marriage. Along with Joseph Smith, Jr.'s 1843 revelation on plural marriage, the 1886 revelation is one of the primary documents used by Mormon fundamentalists to justify their continued practice of polygamy. The LDS Church, which issued manifestos in 1890 and 1904 to terminate the practice of plural marriage, does not accept the 1886 revelation as authentic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027845-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Revelation\nIn 1911, John W. Taylor, Taylor's son and an apostle  claimed that he had discovered the revelation among his father's papers after his death in 1887. Unfortunately, his was a copy written in his own hand. Photographs of the original document exist, but the document itself is not extant. Examinations of the photographs have suggested that the document is in John Taylor's handwriting. In 1912, Lorin C. Woolley, a Mormon fundamentalist leader, published a claim that five copies of the revelation had been made and entrusted to LDS Church apostle George Q. Cannon (and four other men who were not LDS Church officials) with the intent of preserving it for posterity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027846-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 7, 1886. Incumbent Republican George P. Wetmore defeated Democratic nominee Amasa Sprague with 53.36% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027847-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Richmond Colts football team\nThe 1886 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College\u2014now known as the University of Richmond\u2014as an independent during the 1886 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027848-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1886 Rutgers Queensmen football team was an American football team that represented Rutgers University as an independent during the 1886 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20133 record and was outscored by a total of 115 to 70. The team had no coach, and its captain was Asa Wynkoop.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027849-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 SAFA season\nThe 1886 South Australian Football Association season was the 10th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027849-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 SAFA season\nThis was the first season in South Australia that quarters were played, allowing ends to be changed four times per match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027849-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 SAFA season\nThe thirty games played had crowd figures quoted for an approximate average of 2,055 spectators per game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027849-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 SAFA season, Attendances\nThe figures for club and ground attendances are only based on those given above.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027850-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1886 Scottish Cup Final was the 13th final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1885\u201386 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The match was played at Cathkin Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 13 February 1886 and was watched by a crowd of 7,000 spectators. The final was contested by defending champions Renton and seven-time winners Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027850-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Scottish Cup Final\nThis was the first Scottish Cup final since 1880 to be decided without the need for a replay (excluding the 1884 final which went unplayed).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027850-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nQueen's Park had reached the final on seven previous occasions and had gone on to win the competition on each occasion. This was the fifth time in seven seasons which Queen's Park had reached the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027850-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nDefending champions Renton had only previously reached the final twice before, lifting the trophy in 1885, 10 years after they finished as runners-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027850-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nRenton and Queen's Park had played twice before in the Scottish Cup, although they hadn't been drawn together for over a decade. Renton hadn't scored a goal against Queen's Park before the 1886 final with the Glasgow side winning 3\u20130 in the 1875 final and 2\u20130 in the 1874 semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027851-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Serbian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Serbia on 26 April 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027851-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Serbian parliamentary election, Background\nA new government was formed in Serbia in early 1886. Attempts by Jovan Risti\u0107 to form a government failed after King Milan refused to dissolve Parliament on the grounds that it was not a good time to have a general election during the Bulgarian Crisis. It was also thought that whoever controlled the government would be able to influence the election results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027851-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Serbian parliamentary election, Background\nHowever, after Milutin Gara\u0161anin formed a government, the King granted his request to dissolve Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027851-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Serbian parliamentary election, Aftermath\nThe new Parliament opened in July. Whilst Risti\u0107 could not be elected due to being in receipt of a government pension, his supporters won around 15 seats, with the remainder of the 78 opposition seats being held by members of the People's Radical Party. Pro -government groups held 82 seats, although 40 of them were appointed by the King. However, prior to the election of a new government, the incumbent government had several opposition members arrested or disqualified from voting, reducing them to 68 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027852-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Sheffield Brightside by-election\nThe Sheffield Brightside by-election, 1886 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Sheffield Brightside in the West Riding of Yorkshire on 9 February 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027852-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Sheffield Brightside by-election, Vacancy\nUnder the provisions of the Succession to the Crown Act of 1707 and a number of subsequent Acts, MPs appointed to certain ministerial and legal offices were at this time required to seek re-election. The by-election in Sheffield was caused by the appointment to the Cabinet of the sitting Liberal MP, Anthony John Mundella as President of the Board of Trade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027852-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Sheffield Brightside by-election, Candidates\nMundella had been the MP for Sheffield Brightside since 1885 and before that had represented Sheffield since 1868. He had held a number of government posts before and sought re-election again now as President of the Board of Trade. Although he had been opposed by the Conservative Lord Edmund Talbot in 1885, the Tories did not wish to contest Mundella\u2019s appointment to the government and there being no other nominations, Mundella was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027853-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. John Peter Richardson III was nominated by the Democrats and became the 83rd governor of South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027853-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Convention\nBen Tillman, an upstate demagogue, sought to increase his political strength statewide by entering in a union with the editor of The News and Courier, Francis Dawson. They united behind the candidacy of Governor John Calhoun Sheppard for reelection, although Sheppard refused to accept Tillman's agriculture program. The News and Courier ran articles leading up to the convention describing the growing strength of Sheppard's campaign and by beginning of the state Democratic convention held in Columbia on August 4, the newspaper had proclaimed that Sheppard was in the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027853-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Convention\nOn the morning of August 4, Tillman gathered the delegates from the Democratic convention who were supporters of the Farmers' Association at the Richland County courthouse and tried to bind them to a resolution to support Sheppard. The effort failed and the farmers instead adopted a resolution stating that they would not endorse any candidate for governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027853-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Convention\nWhen it became public that Tillman tried to coerce support for Sheppard, a delegate from Richland County went to the floor after the initial call of the third ballot and changed his vote from Sheppard to John Peter Richardson III, a planter from Clarendon County. Immediately a stampede of other delegates changed their vote and a second call of the third ballot was taken. After this tally, Richardson received 172 votes and was declared the nominee for governor, having passed the required threshold of 159.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027853-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held on November 2, 1886 and John Peter Richardson III was elected as governor of South Carolina without opposition. Being a non-presidential election and few contested races, turnout was the lowest for a gubernatorial election since the election of 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027854-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Southern Rugby Union Season\nThe 1886 Southern Rugby Football Union season was the 13th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. This was the fourth competition for the Gardiner Challenge Cup which was awarded to the winners of the premiership. The football season was from May till September 1886. The season culminated in the premiership, which was won by Gordon who were newly formed at the beginning of the year. Gordon were crowned premiers by a committee of the Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027854-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams\nFor the 1886 season, the Union decided to elevate 5 Junior clubs into the senior competition. Albion, Balmain Wellington, Glebe, Parramatta and Rosedale had performed well during the previous season. In addition, they also included 3 regional clubs from Newcastle, Bathurst and Goulburn. These clubs had successfully competed against metropolitan clubs prior to their admission. A new club, exclusively for New Zealand players, was formed and successfully petitioned to be included in the senior competition. This club took on the name Gordon. Many of their players had competed previously for other clubs. After poor performance during the previous season, the St. Leonards club was not reformed and thus did not participate in the Gardiner Challenge Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027854-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nWith the addition of regional clubs and the promotion of junior clubs, the Sydney Rugby Premiership saw sixteen teams compete for the Gardiner Challenge Cup. This increase in teams competing for the cup caused many of the senior clubs to limit their games to only those which would count towards the final results. Previous competitions between junior and senior clubs were thus rare. Growing crowd numbers saw games moving from the open Moore Park to more enclosed fields. The Royal Agricultural Society of NSW arranged for three fields to be available upon their grounds, however the third area was of poor quality. The Association Cricket Ground was made available from July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027854-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nIn their first season of football, the Gordon Football Club performed well against the more established senior clubs. In fifteen games, the club was only defeated once by the Balmain team. Amongst their victories during the season, Gordon had defeated Sydney University, Redfern, Burwood and Wallaroo who were amongst the best teams. Much of their success was attributed to their captain, James O'Donnell. At the conclusion of the season a committee of the union awarded Gordon the premiership with Sydney University recognised as coming second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027854-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nIn 1885, Balmain Wellington had been the premier junior club. Now in the senior ranks, the club performed well displaying improvement as the season progressed. Many of their games were played on inferior grounds with the club not once playing on the Association Cricket Ground. the club had the benefit of all of their players remaining fit for the entire season. Their game against Gordon was a highlight of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027854-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nThe new regional clubs that had been added to the premiership only played a handful of games. At a meeting of the Union in September, it was suggested that branch unions be formed in the Newcastle, Bathurst and Goulburn regions to deal with disputes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027854-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades\nIn 1886, a Sydney businessman donated a cup for the development of a Junior Rugby Football competition. The MacGregor Junior Challenge Cup was open to clubs not participating in the senior competition. Fifteen clubs submitted applications to enter the competition. The competition was due to begin May 24 and run each Saturday until August 1. Each club was balloted with a game for each weekend. It was planned that the best 8 clubs would then be matched up with another ballot. The final for the MacGregor Cup occurred on 4th September between Oxford and Randwick. Oxford won the match 5 points to nil to win the cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027854-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nIn late July, the Gardiner Cup took a break in order to play two matches against a visiting Queensland team. When the visitors arrived in Sydney, it was obvious that they were far larger and heavier than the local players. The first match saw showers, making the ground and ball slippery. During the game, when the play was of a more tight nature, the Queenslanders were dominate. However once the play moved into being more open, the two teams were more equal. In the end an exciting game saw Queensland victors 4 points to 2. After making some changes for the second match, New South Wales were superior to the Queensland team winning the match 26 points to 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027854-0008-0000", "contents": "1886 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The New South Wales Tour of New Zealand\nIn 1886 a team of New South Wales players were chosen and sent to New Zealand to play a number of matches against the local teams. The NSW team departed Sydney at the conclusion of the Gardiner Cup. No games were scheduled to play against a New Zealand team with games being against only local clubs. Unfortunately, the tourists did not fare well with a number of disappointing results. The merit of sending a team of young and inexperienced players was questioned and it was hoped that the results would not cause opposing teams to not value the New South Wales rugby players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 95], "content_span": [96, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027855-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Spanish general election\nThe 1886 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 4 April and on Sunday, 25 April 1886, to elect the 4th Restoration Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 395 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate. The electoral body consisted of about 4.6\u00a0% of the country population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027855-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Spanish general election, Overview, Background\nThe Spanish Constitution of 1876 enshrined Spain as a constitutional monarchy, awarding the King power to name senators and to revoke laws, as well as the title of commander-in-chief of the army. The King would also play a key role in the system of El Turno Pac\u00edfico (the Peaceful Turn) by appointing and toppling governments and allowing the opposition to take power. Under this system, the Conservative and Liberal parties alternated in power by means of election rigging, which they achieved through the encasillado, using the links between the Ministry of Governance, the provincial civil governors, and the local bosses (caciques) to ensure victory and exclude minor parties from the power sharing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027855-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nThe Spanish Cortes were envisaged as \"co-legislative bodies\", based on a nearly perfect bicameralism. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate had legislative, control and budgetary functions, sharing equal powers except for laws on contributions or public credit, where the Congress had preeminence. Voting for the Cortes was on the basis of censitary suffrage, which comprised national males over twenty-five, being taxpayers with a minimum quota of twenty-five pesetas per territorial contribution or fifty per industrial subsidy, as well as being enrolled in the so-called capacity census (either by criteria of Education or for professional reasons).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027855-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nFor the Congress of Deputies, 88 seats were elected using a partial block voting in 26 multi-member constituencies, with the remaining 307 being elected under a one-round first-past-the-post system in single-member districts. Candidates winning a plurality in each constituency were elected. In constituencies electing eight seats, electors could vote for up to six candidates; in those with seven seats, for up to five candidates; in those with six seats, for up to four; in those with four or five seats, for up to three candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027855-0003-0001", "contents": "1886 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nAdditionally, up to ten deputies could be elected through cumulative voting in several single-member constituencies, provided that they obtained more than 10,000 votes overall. The Congress was entitled to one member per each 50,000 inhabitants, with each multi-member constituency being allocated a fixed number of seats: 8 for Madrid, 5 for Barcelona and Palma, 4 for Seville and 3 for Alicante, Almer\u00eda, Badajoz, Burgos, C\u00e1diz, Cartagena, C\u00f3rdoba, Granada, Ja\u00e9n, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coru\u00f1a, Lugo, M\u00e1laga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza. The law also provided for by-elections to fill seats vacated throughout the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027855-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nFor the Senate, 180 seats were indirectly elected, with electors voting for delegates instead of senators. Elected delegates\u2014equivalent in number to one-sixth of the councillors in each municipal corporation\u2014would then vote for senators using a write-in, two-round majority voting system. The provinces of \u00c1lava, Albacete, \u00c1vila, Biscay, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Guip\u00fazcoa, Huelva, Logro\u00f1o, Matanzas, Palencia, Pinar del R\u00edo, Puerto Pr\u00edncipe, Santa Clara, Santander, Santiago de Cuba, Segovia, Soria, Teruel, Valladolid and Zamora were allocated two seats each, whereas each of the remaining provinces was allocated three seats, for a total of 147.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027855-0004-0001", "contents": "1886 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nThe remaining 33 were allocated to a number of institutions, electing one seat each\u2014the Archdioceses of Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Cuba, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; the Royal Spanish Academy; the Royal Academies of History, Fine Arts, Sciences, Moral and Political Sciences and Medicine; the Universities of Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Havana, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; and the Economic Societies of Friends of the Country from Madrid, Barcelona, Cuba\u2013Puerto Rico, Le\u00f3n, Seville and Valencia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027855-0004-0002", "contents": "1886 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nAn additional 180 seats comprised senators in their own right\u2014the Monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age; Grandees of Spain of the first class; Captain Generals of the Army and the Navy Admiral; the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops; as well as other high-ranking state figures\u2014and senators for life (who were appointed by the Monarch).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027855-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Spanish general election, Overview, Election date\nThe term of each House of the Cortes\u2014the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate\u2014expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The Monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both Houses at any given time\u2014either jointly or separately\u2014and call a snap election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027856-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Cloud\u2013Sauk Rapids tornado outbreak\nOn April\u00a014\u201315, 1886, a destructive tornado outbreak affected portions of the Midwestern and Southern United States. The outbreak generated at least 18\u00a0tornadoes, four\u00a0of which were violent, including the St. Cloud\u2013Sauk Rapids tornado, an F4\u00a0tornado that tore through the cities of St. Cloud, Sauk Rapids, and Rice, Minnesota, on April\u00a014, destroying much of the town of Sauk Rapids and killing 72\u00a0people along its path. It is the deadliest tornado on record in Minnesota. Other tornadoes occurred in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Texas on the same day, suggesting the possibility of a large outbreak. In all, the entire outbreak killed at least 87\u00a0people and injured at least 324.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027856-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Cloud\u2013Sauk Rapids tornado outbreak, Confirmed tornadoes, St. Cloud\u2013Sauk Rapids, Minnesota\nAt 4:20\u00a0p.m., a tornado of approximately F4 intensity cut through the heart of Sauk Rapids. It was one of at least four\u00a0tornadoes that affected the region between 3:00\u00a0p.m. \u2013 5:00\u00a0p.m. that day. It had a maximum width of 1\u20442\u00a0mi (0.80\u00a0km) and covered an area of 14\u00a0mi (23\u00a0km). As the storm moved across the Mississippi River, it temporarily sucked the river dry. Some of the structures the tornado destroyed included an iron truss bridge spanning the Mississippi River, the post office, the courthouse, a flour mill, a school, and two churches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 98], "content_span": [99, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027856-0001-0001", "contents": "1886 St. Cloud\u2013Sauk Rapids tornado outbreak, Confirmed tornadoes, St. Cloud\u2013Sauk Rapids, Minnesota\n15\u00a0railcars were demolished, and iron rails from the train track were pulled up and mangled. After passing through Sauk Rapids, the tornado moved on to Rice, where it killed 11\u00a0people in a wedding party, including the groom, when the home they were occupying was destroyed. In all, 72\u00a0people were killed by the twister, including 38\u00a0in Sauk Rapids and 20\u00a0in St. Cloud. Over 200\u00a0more were injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 98], "content_span": [99, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027856-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Cloud\u2013Sauk Rapids tornado outbreak, Impact, aftermath, and recovery\nSt. Benedict's Hospital in St. Cloud, which was spared by the tornado, became the center of relief efforts following the destruction. The Benedictine nuns who operated the hospital worked 48 hours straight until aid arrived from the nearby towns of Minneapolis and St. Paul. Over 50 patients were taken to St. Mary's school and convent in St. Joseph, where the teaching sisters served as nurses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 76], "content_span": [77, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027856-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Cloud\u2013Sauk Rapids tornado outbreak, Impact, aftermath, and recovery\nBefore the tornado struck, Sauk Rapids was considered one of the most important towns in Minnesota and a center of business for central Minnesota. It was a blossoming community located on the Mississippi River. However, the tornado changed the economic structure of the entire area, destroying at least 109 commercial and public buildings in Sauk Rapids alone, including every business on Main Street, and causing over $400,000 ($11,521,000 in 2021) in damages. After the tornado, St. Cloud became the dominant business center in the region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 76], "content_span": [77, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam\nIn 1886, a log jam developed in the St. Croix River, close to Taylors Falls, Minnesota, and St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin. It was described at the time by a local journalist as \"the jammedest jam\" he had encountered, and was very difficult to clear, with hundreds of men working for six weeks to clear it, eventually using steamboats and dynamite. The jam was also a major tourist attraction, with thousands of spectators every day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam, Background\nAfter the Wisconsin Territory was established in 1836, large amounts of Native American land were ceded to the United States via the 1837 Treaty of St. Peters (informally known as the White Pine Treaty). Much of the land was covered in vast pine forests, and logging activities started soon after. This was a winter activity, as the trees were so large that the only way to move them through the forests was by horse-drawn sleds. Teams of lumberjacks cut down trees all winter and collected them by the shores of the St. Croix River or its tributaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0001-0001", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam, Background\nPine is light and floats well, so the logs could be easily transported downstream by the river. The logs were marked with the relevant company's timber mark and then released into the river when the snow melted and the water rose in spring. Workers known as \"river pigs\" guided the logs down the river and kept them moving, especially at difficult places like shallows, rapids or sharp bends. Downstream, the logs were caught in the log boom at the St. Croix Boom Site, where they were sorted by owner, bundled into rafts and then sent to the sawmills.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam, Causes and start of the 1886 log jam\nIn the area now covered by Interstate State Park, the St. Croix River runs through a narrow gorge, the Dalles of the St. Croix, and makes a 90 degree turn at Angle Rock. The spring of 1886 was very dry, so the water level was too low to transport logs. This began to change when the Clam River dam was blown up by the hermit Robert Davidson, who claimed the dam interfered with his meadow lands. Davidson was later charged for blowing up the dam and jailed for contempt of court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0002-0001", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam, Causes and start of the 1886 log jam\nThe release of the Clam River water caused the St. Croix to rise slightly. Sluice dams on several other tributaries, including Kettle River and Snake River, were opened as well, and coincidentally, heavy rain storms caused the rivers to rise further. Large numbers of logs were dumped into the river all at once, more than the river or the driving crews working along could deal with. Shortly after midnight on June 13, 1886, while the driving crews were asleep in their tents, the logs were caught at Angle Rock and quickly started to pile up. More and more logs ran onto the jam, including the 15 million feet of the Clam River drive. The Stillwater Messenger reprinted a report from the Taylor's Falls Journal about the start of the jam:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 807]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam, Causes and start of the 1886 log jam\nLast week the lumbermen wore a dejected and lost-their-last-friend look, for the water in the rivers was steadily falling and their logs were almost inextricably jammed at Wood river, Kettle river rapids, the mouth of the Namagon and other places. Crews had been discharged, and there seemed little prospect of getting the logs to market for an indefinite time. But it remained for Davidson, the hermit, to strike the key-note for a change to all this, by blowing out the Clam river dam with dynamite.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0003-0001", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam, Causes and start of the 1886 log jam\nThe water from that stream caused a slight rise, and by one of Elias McKean's \"most remarkable coincidences\", there seemed to be a concert of action by the elements and otherwise. Other dams were opened, heavy rain storms flooded the upper country, and there was immediately a boom in the water of the Saint Croix, and logs went booming along toward the great Stillwater boom. Logs from the \"low-water\" drives were easily floated off, and came down stream in immense rafts, almost blockading the river as they moved along.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0003-0002", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam, Causes and start of the 1886 log jam\nReaching the famous dells of the Saint Croix, their course was interrupted. The channel was too narrow and the current too sluggish to allow their passage in such large bodies, and shortly after midnight, Sunday morning, they \"hung-up\" and began jamming and piling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0003-0003", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam, Causes and start of the 1886 log jam\nSomething such a catastrophe has been anticipated, and yet it came unexpectedly, for the men who had been here for weeks, building sheerbooms at the eddies in the dells, and keeping watch to prevent a jam, were asleep in their tents, and their booms were broken, and the formation of the biggest jam ever known commenced before they were aware of it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam, Causes and start of the 1886 log jam\nAn estimated 125 to 150 million board feet of pine became stuck in the log jam. For comparison, the average annual production of pine in the St. Croix valley between 1870 and 1889 was 241 million board feet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam, Clearing the log jam\nSmaller log jams could be cleared just by human labor, with river pigs releasing key logs, but this log jam was more difficult and dammed up the river. On June 18, 1886, the New York Times reported that the jam was over two miles long and the largest to ever occur in the Northwest, and four hundred men were working day and night to clear it, while it was still growing at a rate of 700,000 board feet per hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0005-0001", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam, Clearing the log jam\nThe logs were owned by more than 100 companies, who joined forces and shared the costs of breaking the jam, which were about $75,000 in total. It was feared that the log jam could endanger the abutments of the two-year-old bridge at Taylors Falls (which until then had been thought to be safe), and some logs sticking out of the almost 70 foot high pile were sawn off. In attempts to clear the logs, two steamboats were used to tug at the front end of the jam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0005-0002", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam, Clearing the log jam\nUsing ropes, land-based steam engines and horses tried to pull out logs from the jam. Around six to eight million feet were released in this way. Finally, it was attempted to use dynamite bombs. On July 2, 1886, a 24-pound dynamite bomb was exploded, releasing a million feet of logs into the water and moving another 15 million feet out of the main jam. This had broken the jam in two, but also released most of the water that had been held back by the jam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0005-0003", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam, Clearing the log jam\nAs flowing water was necessary to get the logs moving, this could have impeded the work, but rain soon replenished the river. When a channel was cleared through the jam, only the logs on the banks still required clearing. Cleanup work involving at least 70 people was still ongoing in mid-September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam, Tourist attraction\nLog jams were a major disruption to the sawmills (the 57-day 1883 jam in the same area had played a part in causing the bankruptcy of Marine Mill in Marine on St. Croix), but also boosted the local tourism industry in Taylors Falls, so were highly welcome events there. Thousands of tourists per day came to see the jam, by special excursion train from St. Paul and by steamboat from Stillwater. Local hotels and restaurants were packed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027857-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Croix River log jam, The end of log jams\nTo end the threat of log jams disrupting the industry, lumbermen organized and in 1890, Nevers Dam, said to be the \"largest pile-driven dam in the world\", was finished and the flow of logs downstream could be controlled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027858-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1886 St. Louis Browns season was the team's fifth season in St. Louis, Missouri, and the fifth season in the American Association. The Browns went 93\u201346 during the season and finished first in the American Association, winning their second pennant in a row. In the World Series the Browns played the National League champion Chicago White Stockings, winning the series 4 games to 2. This was the only win by the AA in seven postseason contests with the NL from 1884 to 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027858-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027858-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027858-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027859-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Louis Maroons season\nThe 1886 St. Louis Maroons finished with a 43\u201379 record in the National League, finishing in sixth place. After the season, the team was purchased by John T. Brush and moved to Indianapolis, becoming the Hoosiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027859-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Louis Maroons season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027859-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Louis Maroons season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027859-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Louis Maroons season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027859-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 St. Louis Maroons season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027860-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Staten Island Football Club season\nThe 1886 Staten Island Football Club football team was an American football team that represented four athletic clubs, the Staten Island Cricket, Rowing, and Athletic clubs, as well as the Clifton Athletic Club during the 1886 football season. The team compiled a  record and played its home games at St. George Cricket Grounds in Hoboken, New Jersey. The Staten Islanders were able to comply with the AFU's system of playing any other league opponents twice, but were forced to disqualify their November 6th match with the Crickets as a conference win because of some controversial officiating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027861-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Stevens football team\nThe 1886 Stevens football team represented Stevens Institute of Technology as an independent during the 1886 college football season. The team compiled a 0\u20137\u20131 record and was outscored by its opponents, 194 to 6. They were also shut out in seven of their eight contests, nearly avoiding a scoreless year with a 61\u20136 loss to national champion Princeton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027861-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Stevens football team, Crickets of Stevens Institute\nThe Stevens Institute also operated a second team known as the Crickets, who joined the American Football Union for their inaugural 1886 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 57], "content_span": [58, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027861-0001-0001", "contents": "1886 Stevens football team, Crickets of Stevens Institute\nThe Crickets compiled a 4\u20131 record against their opponents in the American Football Union (Their official AFU record would be 3\u20130, as the Brooklyn Hill contest on October 10 was before the AFU championship series began and November 6 match against the Staten Island Football Club was declared off by the AFU Executive Committee because of poor officiating), and that was enough to crown them Union champions for the season, and to receive the AFU championship pennant in January of the next year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 57], "content_span": [58, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027862-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Sydenham by-election\nThe by-election for Sydenham in 1886 was a by-election held during the 9th Parliament of New Zealand on 12 May 1886 in the Sydenham electorate. It was held because William White resigned his seat in March 1886 on medical advice. Richard Molesworth Taylor won the by-election against John Lee Scott, Samuel Paull Andrews and S. G. Jolly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027863-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Tennessee gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886. Democratic nominee Robert Love Taylor defeated his brother, Republican nominee Alfred A. Taylor with 53.52% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027864-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nList of champions of the 1886 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open). The tournament was held from 23 August to 28 August on the outdoor Grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. It was the 6th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027864-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Singles\nRichard D. Sears defeated  R. Livingston Beeckman 4\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20133, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027864-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Doubles\nRichard D. Sears /  James Dwight defeated  Howard Taylor /  Godfrey Brinley 7\u20135, 6\u20138, 7\u20135, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027865-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Doubles\nSears and Dwight won the doubles title by beating Taylor and Brinley in four sets in the final. The final was played on August 26, 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027866-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Singles\nFive-time defending champion Richard Sears defeated Robert Livingston Beeckman in the challenge round 4\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1886 U.S. National Championships. For the first time, all matches were played best of 5 sets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027867-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 United Kingdom general election\nThe 1886 United Kingdom general election took place from 1 to 27 July 1886, following the defeat of the Government of Ireland Bill 1886. It resulted in a major reversal of the results of the 1885 election as the Conservatives, led by Lord Salisbury, were joined in an electoral pact with the breakaway Unionist wing of the Liberals led by Lord Hartington (later the Duke of Devonshire) and Joseph Chamberlain. The new Liberal Unionist party gave the Conservatives their parliamentary majority but did not join them in a formal coalition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027867-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 United Kingdom general election\nWilliam Ewart Gladstone's Liberals, who supported the Irish Home Rule movement, and their sometimes allies the Irish Parliamentary Party, led by Charles Stewart Parnell, were placed a distant second. This ended the period of Liberal dominance\u2014they had held power for 18 of the 27 years since 1859 and won five of the six elections held during that time, but would only be in power for three of the next nineteen years. This was also the first election since the 1841 election that the Conservatives won a plurality or majority of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027868-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nThe 1886 general election in Ireland took place from 1\u201327 July 1886 following the collapse of the Liberal government of William Gladstone after his failed attempt to implement Home Rule for Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027868-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nIn response to Gladstone's attempt to implement Home Rule a unionist wing of the Liberals broke off to found the Liberal Unionist Party, which entered into an alliance with the Conservatives in an effort to block any attempt to implement Home Rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027868-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 United Kingdom general election in Ireland, Results\nThe Irish Liberal Party, having lost all seats in the 1885 election, saw its share of the vote further plummet, to 3%. In comparison, the relative share of the vote enjoyed by the Conservatives nearly doubled. This in part is explained by the fact that the election saw a far lower turnout than that seen the previous year. Despite a drop in their relative share of the vote the Parliamentary party only lost one seat, with the bulk of their seats \u2013 66 \u2013 being unopposed. In total the Parliamentary party stood some 97 candidates, the Conservatives 28 (three of whom were unopposed), the Liberal Unionists seven, and the Liberals just three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027868-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 United Kingdom general election in Ireland, Results\nWhilst the Liberal Unionists gained two seats \u2013 South Londonderry and South Tyrone \u2013 the Conservatives lost the seat of Belfast West to the Parliamentary party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027868-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 United Kingdom general election in Ireland, Results\nNot included in the totals are the two Dublin University seats, which were retained by Conservatives standing on a Unionist ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027869-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections\nElections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1886 for Representatives to the 50th Congress, taking place in the middle of President Grover Cleveland's first term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027869-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections\nAs in many midterm elections, the President's party lost seats to the opposition, in this case, Democrats lost seats to Republicans, although a narrow majority was retained. Many of these Republican pickups were in the industrializing Midwest states, where the debate over tariffs, which were advocated by Republicans to protect domestic industry but opposed by Democrats to allow for free agricultural trade, led to political change. The small Labor Party, supported by industrial workers, gained one seat each in Virginia and Wisconsin, while the Greenback Party maintained its one seat in Iowa (James B. Weaver). One Independent was also elected in North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027869-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries\nThere were 2 Labor and 1 Independent members elected, and 1 Greenback member re-elected. The previous election saw just the Greenback elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 73], "content_span": [74, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027869-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections, Election dates\nIn all the states except three, elections were held November 2, 1886. Those three states, with 7 seats among them, held elections:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027870-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1886 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 2, 1886. Democrats gained one district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027871-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida\nElections to the United States House of Representatives in Florida were held November 2, 1886 for the 50th Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027871-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background\nThe previous elections had solidified Democratic domination of Florida's congressional delegation. Florida would be represented entirely by Democrats in both houses of Congress until 1954", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 76], "content_span": [77, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027871-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Election results\nBoth incumbents ran successfully for re-election. This election marked the first appearance of the Prohibition Party in Florida's congressional elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 82], "content_span": [83, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027872-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 2, 1886 to select seven Representatives for one two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. Five incumbents were re-elected, the Republican incumbent was defeated, and the open seat was retained by the Democrats. The composition of the state delegation after the election was solely Democratic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027872-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Samuel Dibble of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1883, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027872-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman George D. Tillman of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1883, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027872-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman D. Wyatt Aiken of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1877, opted to retire. James S. Cothran was nominated by the Democrats and was unopposed in his bid for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027872-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman William H. Perry of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1885, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027872-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John J. Hemphill of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1883, won the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027872-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman George W. Dargan of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1883, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027872-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 7th congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Robert Smalls of the 7th congressional district, in office since 1884, was defeated by Democratic challenger William Elliott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027873-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 United States elections\nThe 1886 United States elections occurred in the middle of Democratic President Grover Cleveland's term, during the Third Party System. Members of the 50th United States Congress were chosen in this election. Democrats retained control of the House, while Republicans retained control of the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027873-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 United States elections\nIn the House, Republicans won a moderate number of seats, but Democrats retained a narrow majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027873-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 United States elections\nIn the Senate, Democrats won a moderate number of seats, but Republicans retained a narrow majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027874-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 VFA season\nThe 1886 Victorian Football Association season was the 10th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club. It was the club's seventh VFA premiership, and the last won by its senior team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027874-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 VFA season, Association membership\nThe senior membership of the Association increased substantially in 1886, from ten clubs in 1885 to a record-high fifteen clubs in 1886. Four clubs were elevated from junior to senior status: Port Melbourne (maroon and navy blue), Footscray (red, white and blue), St Kilda (red and black) and Prahran (light blue and dark blue).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027874-0001-0001", "contents": "1886 VFA season, Association membership\nThe fifth new club was the newly established South Williamstown Football Club (light blue and white), which came into existence out of a dispute between the existing Williamstown Football Club and the Williamstown Cricket Club: the football club was unable to agree to terms with the cricket club for use of the Williamstown Cricket Ground, forcing the football club to play its matches without charging for admission at the unfenced Gardens Reserve; so the rival South Williamstown Football Club was established, and received permission to play its matches at the cricket ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027874-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 VFA season, Association membership\nAt this time, five other provincial senior clubs were full Association members represented on the Board of Management: Ballarat, Ballarat Imperial, South Ballarat, Horsham Trades and Horsham Unions. Due to distance, these clubs played too few matches against the rest of the VFA to be considered relevant in the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027874-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 VFA season, 1886 VFA premiership\nThe 1886 season was dominated by Geelong and South Melbourne, the clubs which had between them won all of the previous eight premierships. When the two clubs played their only match against each other for the season on 4 September, both clubs were still undefeated for the year \u2013 and, in fact, South Melbourne was undefeated since 1884 \u2013 and as such, assuming both clubs continued winning in the final month of the season, this match became seen as a de facto premiership deciding match for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027874-0003-0001", "contents": "1886 VFA season, 1886 VFA premiership\nThe match generated unprecedented public interest, with more than 25,000 spectators attending the South Melbourne Cricket Ground \u2013 despite the venue being suitable to accommodate around half that number \u2013 and the venue took more than \u00a3700 at the gate. Geelong comfortably outplayed South Melbourne in the match, and won by the score of 4.19 to 1.5. Geelong went on to remain undefeated for the season and was awarded the premiership, its seventh in nine seasons; South Melbourne's loss to Geelong was its only for the season, and it finished as runners-up. Carlton finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027874-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 VFA season, 1886 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe below table details the playing records of the fifteen clubs in all matches during the 1886 season. Two sets of results are given:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027874-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 VFA season, 1886 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Sportsman newspaper. The VFA had no formal process by which the clubs were ranked, so the below order should be considered indicative only, particularly since the fixturing of matches was not standardised; this was more noticeably the case in the 1886 season than in other seasons, as the five new senior clubs played few matches against the stronger long-established clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027874-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 VFA season, 1886 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nSouth Williamstown, for example, finished with a positive record of 6\u20133\u20135 against senior clubs in its first season, but achieved it without playing any of the teams ranked in the top five by the Sportsman. The top three placings were later acknowledged in publications including the Football Record and are considered official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027874-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 VFA season, 1886 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe Leader newspaper included the three Ballarat-based teams among its final standings. The newspaper ranked South Ballarat, with a senior record of 13\u20134\u20131, ahead of Carlton as having the third-best record in the colony, but noted that the club's weak fixture (playing half of its games against the other Ballarat clubs, and most of its metropolitan games against weaker clubs) meant that it should not be entitled to third place. The Ballarat-based clubs' senior records are given below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027874-0008-0000", "contents": "1886 VFA season, Intercolonial matches\nA New South Wales representative team toured Victoria during May, playing one fully representative match intercolonial match against an Association representative team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 38], "content_span": [39, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027875-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Vermont Green and Gold football team\nThe 1886 Vermont Green and Gold football team represented the University of Vermont during the 1886 college football season. The first intercollegiate game in the state of Vermont happened on November 6, 1886, between Dartmouth and Vermont at Burlington, Vermont. Dartmouth won 91 to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027876-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 7, 1886. Incumbent Republican Samuel E. Pingree, per the \"Mountain Rule\", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Ebenezer J. Ormsbee defeated Democratic candidate Stephen C. Shurtleff to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027877-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Waitemata by-election\nThe 1886 Waitemata by-election was a by-election held on 11 December 1886 in the Waitemata electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027877-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Waitemata by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent MP William John Hurst on 29 September 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027877-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Waitemata by-election\nThe by-election was won by Richard Monk who beat Harry Farnall. Farnall was ridiculed by one report, saying that Monk deserves to be called a \"working man\" not Farnall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027878-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Washington Nationals season\nThe 1886 Washington Nationals finished with a 28\u201392 record in the National League, finishing in last place in their debut season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027878-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027878-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027878-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027878-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027878-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027879-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 West Down by-election\nThe West Down, by-election, 1886 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of West Down on 13 August 1886. Following the general election of that year and the formation of a new government, Lord Arthur Hill, elected member for the constituency, was appointed to the post of Comptroller of the Household, which by the rules of the time required him to submit to re-election. No other candidate was nominated, and therefore Hill was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027880-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Western Maori by-election\nThe 1886 Western Maori by-election was a by-election held in the Western Maori electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament, on 23 December 1886. The by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent, Te Puke Te Ao, and was won by Hoani Taipua.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027880-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Western Maori by-election, Background\nTe Ao had won the Western Maori electorate in the 1884 election; it had been the first time that he had stood in a general election. Te Ao died in October 1886. This triggered the by-election, which was held on 23 December 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027880-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Western Maori by-election, The election\nThe nomination meeting was held on 2 December 1868 at the court house in Wanganui, with George Thomas Wilkinson presiding as the returning officer. The candidates were nominated in the following order: Hoani Taipua, Ngawaka Taurua, Henare Kaihau of Waiuku, Wiremu Te Wheoro, and Sydney Taiwhanga. The show of hands was strongly in favour of Hoani Taipua, and Te Wheoro demanded a poll, for which 23 December was set.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027880-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 Western Maori by-election, The election\nThe by-election was a decisive win for Hoani Taipua, who gained an absolute majority of the votes, and had a 33% lead over the second-placed candidate, Wiremu Te Wheoro. Te Wheoro had previously represented the electorate, from 1879 until his defeat in the 1884 election. Taipua went on to represent the electorate until his retirement at the 1893 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027880-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 Western Maori by-election, Election results, 1884 election\nThe 1884 general election was contested by eight candidates in the Western Maori electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027881-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Williams Ephs football team\nThe 1886 Williams Ephs football team represented the Williams College during the 1886 college football season. The team finished with a final record of 5\u20131\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027882-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1886 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 3 July until 17 July. It was the 10th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1886. Henry Jones retired as referee after nine years, and was replaced by Julian Marshall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027882-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Gentlemen's Doubles\nErnest Renshaw /  William Renshaw defeated  Claude Farrer /  Arthur Stanley, 6\u20133, 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027883-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Doubles\nClaude Farrer and Arthur Stanley defeated Patrick Bowes-Lyon and Herbert Wilberforce 7\u20135, 6\u20133, 6\u20131 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champions Ernest Renshaw and William Renshaw defeated Farrer and Stanley 6\u20133, 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 7\u20135 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1886 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027884-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Singles\nHerbert Lawford defeated Ernest Lewis 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 2\u20136, 4\u20136, 6\u20134 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champion William Renshaw defeated Lawford 6\u20130, 5\u20137, 6\u20133, 6\u20134 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1886 Wimbledon Championships for a record sixth consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027885-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Ladies' Singles\nBlanche Bingley defeated Amy Tabor 6\u20132, 6\u20130 in the All Comers Final, and then defeated the reigning champion Maud Watson 6\u20133, 6\u20133 in the Challenge Round to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1886 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027886-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1886 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027886-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nRepublican nominee Jeremiah McLain Rusk defeated Democratic nominee Gilbert M. Woodward, Populist nominee John Cochrane, and Prohibition nominee John Myers Olin with 46.53% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027886-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Bibliography\nThis Wisconsin elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027887-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Wollombi colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Wollombi on 17 December 1886 because of the resignation of Lyall Scott due to ill health.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027887-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Wollombi colonial by-election, Candidates\nThis was at the emergence of political parties in New South Wales, and both candidates declared their support for free trade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series\nThe 1886 World Series was won by the St. Louis Browns (later the Cardinals) of the American Association over the Chicago White Stockings (later the Cubs) of the National League, four games to two. The series was played on six consecutive days running from October 18 to October 23 in Chicago and St. Louis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series\nThe teams were judged to be approximately equal going into the series, with gamblers betting on the teams at even odds. However, Chicago pitcher Jim McCormick was sidelined by a chronic foot ailment after game 2, and third Chicago pitcher Jocko Flynn had already been lost for the season due to an arm ailment. An effort to use a substitute pitcher was protested by St. Louis, with the board of umpires flipping a coin to decide the matter in favor of the Browns. With his team unable to field a competent second starter, Chicagos ace John Clarkson proved unable to carry the full pitching load, tipping the series to St. Louis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series\nThe series was decided in extra innings of game 6 by Curt Welch's so-called \"$15,000 slide\" following a passed ball. The decisive run scored by Welch became one of the most famous plays in the history of baseball in that era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Background\nIn 1886, the St. Louis Browns won the American Association championship for the second consecutive season with a record of 93\u201346, while the Chicago White Stockings won the National League championship with a record of 90\u201334. The victory for the White Stockings, who featured the 6'2\" slugger Cap Anson, marked the 6th time in 11 years that the team had garnered the National League pennant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Background\nThe two teams agreed to meet each other in a best-of-seven pre-modern-era World Series, with the winner taking all the prize money. It was the second straight year that the Browns and White Stockings met in the World Series. The six games of the series were played on six consecutive days. The first three games were scheduled for Chicago, with the next three games to be held in St. Louis. A decisive seventh game, if necessary, was to be held in a neutral site. The location of the rubber game in the match was to be determined by coin toss, with each franchise owner selecting a city for the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Background\nGoing into the series, gamblers are said to have assessed the teams as approximately equal, with bets on the series outcome commonly taking place at even money. More than $50,000 was said to have been wagered on the series in St. Louis alone. The Browns are said to have traveled together on a special rail car to Chicago on the day before the scheduled October 18 start of the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 1\nMonday, October 18, 1886 at Chicago Ball Park in Chicago, Illinois", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 1\nThe Browns arrived in Chicago on the morning of game day, October 18, and were immediately incensed at an article appearing in the morning Chicago Tribune calling Browns' star third baseman Arlie Latham a \"monkey\" and advising that White Stockings outfielder King Kelly should create a collision with him on the base. The series started in cold, windy conditions at 3:00 pm, with the grandstands filled with a crowd estimated variously between 3,000 and 5,000 \u2014 somewhat fewer than anticipated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0008-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 1\nThe game began with a coin toss to determine which side would bat first, with Anson and Chicago winning the call and sending the Browns to the plate to open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0009-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 1\nAfter retiring the side in order in the top of the first, Chicago quickly jumped out to a two-run lead powered by a Cap Anson RBI triple to the right-center gap. Clean-up hitter Fred Pfeffer drove Anson home with a single, and the blue-uniformed home team took a lead, 2\u20130. This would prove to be all the scoring that the White Stockings needed for the win as Chicago's ace pitcher John Clarkson (a future member of the Baseball Hall of Fame) struck out ten in throwing a five-hit shutout as \"Anson's Pets\" beat Dave Foutz and the Browns, 6\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0010-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 2\nTuesday, October 19, 1886 at Chicago Ball Park in Chicago, Illinois", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0011-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 2\nScottish-born right-hander Jim McCormick got the start and took the loss for Chicago, giving up two home runs to St. Louis outfielder Tip O'Neill. St. Louis curveball specialist Bob Caruthers made short work of the home team, allowing just two hits and cruising to a 12\u20130 victory in a game mercifully shortened to 8 innings by darkness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0012-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 2\nThe game was reckoned by one sportswriter to be \"one of the worst games...ever played\" by the Chicagos, who not only failed to hit Caruthers but who also \"fielded like a parcel of schoolboys out on a lark and missed nearly every opportunity given them to do effective work.\" Chicago committed an astounding 12 errors and made 2 wild pitches in the defeat, with third baseman Tom Burns single-handedly adding 4 errors to the team total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0013-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 3\nWednesday, October 20, 1886 at Chicago Ball Park in Chicago, Illinois", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0014-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 3\nHeavy morning rain in Chicago followed by extensive drizzle threatened the third game of the 1886 World Series on October 20. However, around 2:00 pm the skies cleared up and the ground was fit to play when the teams took the field for warmups shortly before 3:00 pm. Attendance was weak, doubtlessly owing to the bad weather. Coming off his complete game 1-hitter the previous day, Bob Caruthers again took the ball for the Browns, while John Clarkson made his second series start for the White Stockings. A coin toss determined the first team to bat, with St. Louis winning the flip and sending Chicago up to the plate first.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0015-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 3\nWith his effectiveness hindered by the necessity of pitching two days in a row, the Browns found themselves on their heels quickly when ace Bob Caruthers walked four of the first five batters, surrendering a second run on a base hit given up to third baseman Tom Burns of the Chicagos. The game was called after completion of eight innings due to darkness. John Clarkson was again on top of his game as the right hander struck out 8 Browns in earning his second win of the series. Caruthers took the loss for the Browns, giving Chicago a lead of two games to one in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0016-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 3\nThe Browns and their supporters were despondent over the loss and returned from Chicago to a station devoid of welcoming fans. Browns players were critical of player-manager Charlie Comiskey's decision to start Caruthers in back-to-back games, noting that Nat Hudson had been ready to start for the visitors until the last-minute decision was made to bring back the team's ace on zero rest. Star outfielder Tip O'Neill expressed the view that the pitching situation had been miserably managed and that the entire team had been put off by the decision not to rest Caruthers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0017-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 3\nGambling odds to win the series moved to 5:4 in favor of Chicago following the Browns' game 3 loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0018-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 4\nThursday, October 21, 1886 at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis, Missouri", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0019-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 4\nThe series moved to St. Louis on October 21, with Chicago ace John Clarkson pitching for the third time in four days. Clarkson was nothing if not durable, having won 53 games in 1885 to lead the National League \u2014 the second greatest number of wins by an individual pitcher in baseball history. It was necessity rather than design that forced Clarkson into back-to-back action during the World Series, however. Chicago's second pitcher, Jim McCormick, failed to make the trip due to a recurrence of \"rheumatism\" in his feet, an ailment which hampered his mobility and made participation impossible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0019-0001", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 4\nMoreover, third Chicago pitcher Jocko Flynn, a 23-game winner, was already lost to the team for the year (and for his career) with arm trouble. In an effort to overcome the pitching deficit the team hurriedly signed a youthful 39-game winner from a minor league club in Duluth, Ward Baldwin, but the new addition to the team did not see action in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0020-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 4\nIt was not for the lack of trying that Baldwin was unavailable to fill the void left by McCormick's injury. Chicago manager Cap Anson intended to start the newcomer in game 4, but objection was made by Browns owner Chris von der Ahe, who declared there was an understanding that the World Series was a competition between the two teams which had won the championships of their respective leagues and that no additional players were to be used by either side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0020-0001", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 4\nChicago owner Albert Spalding remonstrated on behalf of the new addition to his stable and the two owners stormed off for speedy decision of the dispute by the board of umpires appointed for the series, a process specified by an earlier agreement between the teams. Three of the four umpires (two from each league) were located and it was determined that the matter should be left to the toss of a coin. The National League lost the flip and Baldwin was barred from the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0021-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 4\nAfter the starting bell rang at 3:15 pm, the Chicagos managed to rack up a 3\u20130 lead in the top of the first inning with one hit, two walks, two errors, and a sacrifice fly. The Browns narrowed the margin with a run in the second inning on some astute base running by Bill Gleason, with another run notched in the third inning when Tip O'Neill tripled home a runner. The tide turned decisively in the fifth inning when starting pitcher John Clarkson, pitching a second consecutive game, began to run out of gas, giving up a two-run single to center by Gleason, followed by an RBI single by Browns first baseman Charlie Comiskey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0022-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 4\nThe White Stockings managed to get two runs back in the top in the sixth, powered by Abner Dalrymple's RBI triple to right field, followed by a base hit by Clarkson. The Browns put the game away for good with three more runs in the bottom half of the frame, however, with three walks, two singles, and a muffed fly ball doing the damage. The game was called after seven innings due to darkness, the series knotted at two games each. Chicago manager Cap Anson was angered by the decision to call the game after 7 innings, claiming that sufficient light remained to see the ball when the game was ended, but his plea went unheeded as the crowd of about 8,000 scurried for the exits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0023-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 4\nAfter the game losing pitcher John Clarkson acknowledged that \"They got away with me today, without the shadow of a doubt. I can't say anything, but they beat us all around.... They just hit me and hit me hard.\" While losing pitcher Clarkson was sanguine about the defeat, team owner Spalding was enraged by the outcome, declaring to a newspaper reporter that his team had \"a perfect right\" to pitch new signee Ward Baldwin instead of the exhausted Clarkson and that the St. Louis owner \"had no business to interfere with me.\" He continued:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0024-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 4\n\"Baldwin is as much a member of the Chicago Club as any man on it and we signed him for the season of 1886 (sic.) and 1887 as well. I am not at all satisfied with the result of today's business, and I think the action of Mr. Von der Ahe in the matter was unsportsmanlike and wrong, and if the loss of this game interferes with our winning the series, I think it would be only right to make some kind of a protest against it.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0025-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 5\nFriday, October 22, 1886 at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis, Missouri", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0026-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 5\nThe action returned to St. Louis on October 22 for game 5. Chicago manager Cap Anson attempted to start the game with Ned Baldwin in the pitcher's area, but the St. Louis crowd roared its disapproval and the Browns refused to play until Baldwin was removed. Forced to improvise in light of Chicago's lack of an alternate pitcher to John Clarkson, Anson trotted out shortstop Ned Williamson to make the start, only to see the hapless conscript knocked out of the box after giving up three hits and walk in the first inning, resulting in two runs. Right fielder Jimmy Ryan came in to relieve, showing himself a better pitcher than Williamson but nevertheless taking the loss as his teammates blundered away the game defensively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0027-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 5\nOne observer noted that \"the playing on both sides was very loose, the batting heavy, and the errors numerous,\" with the Chicagos playing a particularly \"wretched game both at the bat and in the field.\" Chicago right fielder Tom Burns committed two particularly costly errors, allowing runs to score, with Nat Hudson giving up only three hits en route to an easy 10\u20133 victory. Catcher Silver Flint contributed mightily to the carnage, allowing four runs to score on passed balls and making another costly throwing error to third base.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0028-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 5\nThe game was called after 7 innings when it became too dark to see the ball. An estimated 16,000 fans were in attendance to witness the hometown Browns go up three games to two in the best-of-seven series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0029-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 6\nSaturday, October 23, 1886 at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis, Missouri", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0030-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 6\nThe final game of the 1886 World Series took place in St. Louis on October 23 and proved to be a legendary affair. Bob Caruthers made his third pitching start for St. Louis, with John Clarkson returning to the mound for a fourth time for Chicago. Under threatening skies the White Stockings took a 2\u20130 lead into the fourth inning, when a brief rain shower prompted fans to leave the grandstand and run onto the field, demanding that the umpire call the game, thereby nullifying the result, because of inclement weather. Order was restored only with the assistance of a legion of police.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0031-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 6\nA 3\u20130 Chicago lead held until a dramatic eighth-inning comeback by the Browns. Charlie Comiskey began the St. Louis half of the inning with a single to right field and was sent to third by a bunting Curt Welch, who managed to beat out the throw to first base, putting runners on the corners. Chicago infielder Tom Burns threw wildly to first in an effort to pick off Welch only to see the ball skip away and Comiskey score on the error, with Welch advancing to second. The home crowd erupted. Clarkson managed to collect two outs when Dave Foutz and Yank Robinson flew out, but he kept the inning alive with a walk of the hitter in the 9-spot, Doc Bushong, bringing the potential go-ahead run to the plate, leadoff hitting third baseman Arlie Latham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0032-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 6\nThe loud and abrasive Cap Anson had been riding Latham throughout the game when he was on the field from the third base coaching area, taunting him as a \"soft spot\" in the Browns' defense. Latham delivered his answer with his bat, hammering a long fly ball that was misjudged by outfielder Abner Dalrymple. Running on contact, both Welch and Bushong scored on the play, knotting the score at 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0033-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 6\nNeither team scored in the 9th inning, sending the game to extra innings. Chicago similarly failed to score in their half of the 10th inning, but in the bottom half of the frame the Browns started a rally, with the Browns' Curt Welch advancing to third base. Clarkson wound up and threw a pitch that got past catcher King Kelly, with Welch coming home to win the game and the series for St. Louis. It is disputed whether or not Welch was forced to slide in scoring the winning run, but the event was memorialized as the \"$15,000 Slide\" nevertheless and became the most famous play in 19th century baseball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0034-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 6\nThere was contemporary disagreement as to whether the final play of the game was made possible by a passed ball or a wild pitch, with Chicago catcher King Kelly telling the press that he was willing to take the blame:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0035-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 6\n\"I signaled Clarkson for a low ball on one side and when it came it was high up on the other. It struck my hand as I tried to get it, and I would say it was a passed ball. You can give it to me if you want to. Clarkson told me that it slipped from his hands.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0036-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 6\nThe reporter of the Chicago Tribune differed with the official scoring decision, asserting that the all-important passed ball was \"really a wild pitch by Clarkson.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0037-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Game summaries, Game 6\nRegardless of the intricacies of official scoring, the winning run excited the packed grandstand mightily, with fans remaining in their seats and cheering for fifteen minutes after the game was over, while hundreds of others stormed the Browns' locker room with congratulations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0038-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Overview\nThe Browns' Tip O'Neill led all players with a .400 batting average, eight hits, and two home runs in the series. Welch had the second-highest batting average, at .350. Caruthers, who started three games for St. Louis, went 2\u20131 with a 2.42 earned run average. Clarkson started four games for Chicago and went 2\u20132 with a 2.03 ERA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0039-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Overview\nThe Browns outhit the White Stockings in the series, scoring a total of 38 runs in the six games to 28 for their National League opponents. The Browns amassed a total of 64 hits, including 6 doubles, 8 triples, and 2 homers against a total of 52 hits for the White Stockings, who managed 13 extra-base hits, including 3 home runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0040-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Overview\nIt was agreed before the series that one half of total gate receipts would be distributed among the players, with the victors receiving the spoils on a winner-takes-all basis. All receipts were put into the bank in a joint account held by the team owners, with no disbursal of funds to take place until one team had won a majority of games in the 7-game series. A similar winner-takes-all allocation of the other half of the proceeds was made by the respective teams' owners. Total receipts for the series were $13,920.10, from which was first deducted the $100 salaries of the umpires and team travel expenses. The remaining funds were split in half between Browns players and team owner Chris Von der Ahe, with each player taking home slightly over $500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0041-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Overview\nThe 1886 World Series was the American Association's only undisputed championship over the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0042-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Batting order\nSt. Louis Browns1. Arlie Latham, 3B2. Bob Caruthers, P/RF3. Tip O'Neill, LF4. Bill Gleason, SS5. Charlie Comiskey, 1B6. Curt Welch, CF7. Dave Foutz, P/RF8. Yank Robinson, 2B9. Doc Bushong, C", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027888-0043-0000", "contents": "1886 World Series, Batting order\nChicago White Stockings1. George Gore, CF2. King Kelly, C3. Cap Anson, 1B4. Fred Pfeffer, 2B5. Ned Williamson, SS6. Tom Burns, 3B7. Jimmy Ryan, RF8. Abner Dalrymple, LF9. John Clarkson, P", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027889-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1886 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1886 college football season. The team finished with a 9\u20130\u20131 record and was retroactively named as the national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and National Championship Foundation and a co-national champion by Parke H. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027889-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 Yale Bulldogs football team\nOn Thanksgiving Day in Princeton, New Jersey, undefeated teams from Yale and Princeton met. The game started late due to the absence of a referee, and heavy rain caused the game to be called on account of darkness with Yale leading 4\u20130 in the second half. Under the rules of the time, the game was declared \"no contest\" by the substitute referee, and the final score was declared to be 0\u20130. After a special meeting of the Intercollegiate Football Association held to review the game, the Association issued a two-part resolution: that (1) Yale should have been acknowledged the winner, but that (2) under their existing rules, the Association did not have the authority to award the game to them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027890-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 Yass Plains colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Yass Plains on 20 December 1886 because of the resignation of Louis Heydon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027891-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 and 1887 United States Senate elections\nThe United States Senate elections of 1886 and 1887 were elections that had the Republican Party lose two seats in the United States Senate. At the beginning of the 50th Congress, therefore, Republicans had the slimmest possible majority due to a vacant Democratic seat: 38 out of 75 seats. Once that vacancy was filled, Republicans maintained control as the single Readjuster senator caucused with them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027891-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 and 1887 United States Senate elections\nAs these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027891-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 and 1887 United States Senate elections, Results summary\nColored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027891-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 and 1887 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 49th Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were seated during 1886 or in 1887 before March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027891-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 and 1887 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 50th Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1887; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027891-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 and 1887 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 50th Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were elected in 1887 after March 4; ordered by date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027891-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 and 1887 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe election in New York was held from January 18 to 20, 1887. Republican Warner Miller had been elected to this seat in a special election in 1881 to succeed Thomas C. Platt who had resigned. Miller's term would expire on March 3, 1887. At the State election in November 1885, 20 Republicans and 12 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1886-1887) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1886, 74 Republicans and 54 Democrats were elected for the session of 1887 to the Assembly. The 110th New York State Legislature met from January 4 to May 26, 1887, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027891-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 and 1887 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 17, President pro tempore of the State Senate Edmund L. Pitts presided. 20 State senators and 71 assemblymen attended. Ex-Speaker of the Assembly George Z. Erwin (a Morton man) moved that a majority of all Republican legislators should be necessary to nominate, not only a majority of those present, meaning that 48 votes were required instead of 46, which was carried by a vote of 52 to 39. The incumbent U.S. senator Warner Miller (Half-Breed faction) failed to be nominated by only four votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027891-0007-0001", "contents": "1886 and 1887 United States Senate elections, New York\nLevi P. Morton (Stalwart faction) was rejected by the caucus, like in 1885. A small faction voted for Congressman Frank Hiscock. After the second ballot, Erwin moved to adjourn, which was carried by 48 to 43. The caucus met again on the next day, no choice was made in another two ballots. The caucus met again on January 19 after the joint ballot of the State Legislature, and after twelve more ballots, Erwin withdrew Morton's name and urged the Morton men to vote for Hiscock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027891-0007-0002", "contents": "1886 and 1887 United States Senate elections, New York\nOn the next ballot Hiscock received one vote more than Miller (47 to 46), but was one short of the previously established majority of 48. On the 18th and last ballot, Hiscock received 50 votes and was nominated. On the next day, Hiscock was elected on the second joint ballot of the State Legislature. Thus, by blocking Miller's re-election, the Republican boss Thomas C. Platt took his revenge for his defeat at the special election in 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027891-0008-0000", "contents": "1886 and 1887 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe Democratic caucus nominated Smith Mead Weed (1834-1920), a lawyer and businessman of Plattsburgh, New York. Weed had been a member of the New York State Assembly from Clinton County, New York in 1865, 1866, 1867, 1871, 1873 and 1874; and a delegate to the 1876 and 1884 Democratic National Conventions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027891-0009-0000", "contents": "1886 and 1887 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania\nThe election in Pennsylvania was held January 18, 1887. Matthew Quay was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate. The General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate voted as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027892-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 college football season\nThe 1886 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Princeton and Yale as having been selected national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027892-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 college football season, Season notes\nOn Thanksgiving Day in Princeton, NJ, undefeated teams from Yale and Princeton met. The game started late due to the absence of a referee, and heavy rain caused the game to be called on account of darkness with Yale leading 4\u20130 in the second half. Under the rules of the time, the game was declared \"no contest\" by the substitute referee, and the final score was declared to be 0\u20130. After a special meeting of the Intercollegiate Football Association held to review the game, the Association issued a two-part resolution - that (1) Yale should have been acknowledged the winner, but that (2) under their existing rules, the Association did not have the authority to award the game to them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027892-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 college football season, Season notes\nThe first intercollegiate game in the state of Vermont happened on November 6, 1886, between Dartmouth and Vermont at Burlington, Vermont. Dartmouth won 91 to 0. Vermont was the last state in New England yet to have a football contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027892-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 college football season, Conference standings\nThe following is a potentially incomplete list of conference standings:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027893-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera\nThe 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera occurred in the early hours of 10 June 1886 in the North Island near Rotorua then extended to Waimangu, New Zealand. It is the deadliest eruption in New Zealand since the arrival of Europeans. Around 120 people were killed, and many settlements were destroyed or buried.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027893-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera, Eruption\nShortly after midnight on the morning of 10 June 1886, a series of more than 30 increasingly strong earthquakes were felt in the Rotorua area and an unusual sheet lightning display was observed from the direction of Tarawera. At around 2:00 am, a larger earthquake was felt and followed by the sound of an explosion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027893-0001-0001", "contents": "1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera, Eruption\nBy 2:30 am Mount Tarawera's three peaks had erupted, blasting three distinct columns of smoke and ash thousands of metres into the sky At around 3.30 am, the largest phase of the eruption commenced; vents at Rotomahana produced a pyroclastic surge that destroyed several villages within a 6-kilometre (3.7\u00a0mi) radius, and the Pink and White Terraces appeared to be obliterated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027893-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera, Eruption\nApproximately 2 cubic kilometres (0.5 cubic miles) of tephra was erupted, more than Mount St. Helens ejected in 1980. Many of the lakes surrounding the mountain had their shapes and areas dramatically altered, especially the eventual enlargement of Lake Rotomahana, the largest crater involved in the eruption, as it re-filled with water. The rift created during the eruption extends 17 kilometres (11\u00a0mi) across the mountain, Lake Rotomahana and through the Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027893-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera, Eruption\nThe eruption was heard clearly as far away as Blenheim and the effects of the ash in the air were observed as far south as Christchurch, over 800 kilometres (497\u00a0mi) away. In Auckland the sound of the eruption and the flashing sky was thought by some to be an attack by Russian warships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027893-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera, Effects\nThe eruption split the mountain and created the Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley, which lies at the south-western end of the 17-kilometre (11\u00a0mi) rift created on 10 June 1886. The famed Pink and White Terraces, natural wonders of New Zealand, were until 2017 thought destroyed. Recent research using a forgotten 1859 survey has suggested possible locations of the Pink and White Terraces. A small portion of the Pink Terraces was reportedly rediscovered under Lake Rotomahana 125 years later. In 2017, using a lost 1859 survey of the old lake and terraces, researchers finally georeferenced the old Lake Rotomahana and the original Pink and White Terrace locations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027893-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera, Effects\nMount Tarawera was made up of three peaks which erupted one after the other. The first one to erupt was the Wahanga peak (located to the north), the next was Ruawahia (situated in the middle), and the last one was Tarawera (the southern peak). The Tikitapu bush was completely covered under the ash and the surrounding forests were flattened by the blasts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027893-0006-0000", "contents": "1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera, Effects\nThe land was covered with millions of tonnes of volcanic ash, mud and debris on average 20 metres (66\u00a0ft) thick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027893-0007-0000", "contents": "1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera, Effects\nAlthough the official contemporary death toll was 153, exhaustive research by physicist Ron Keam only identified 108 people killed by the eruption. Much of the discrepancy was due to misspelled names and other duplications. Allowing for some unnamed and unknown victims, he estimated that the true death toll was 120 at most. Some people claim that many more people died.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027893-0008-0000", "contents": "1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera, Effects\nThe M\u0101ori settlements of Moura, Te Koutu, Kokotaia, Piripai, Pukekiore, Otuapane, Te Tapahoro, Te Wairoa, Totarariki, and Waingongoro were buried or destroyed. The official death toll was reported as 150, and many more were displaced, making the eruption the most deadly in New Zealand history. Some of the local survivors at Te Wairoa took shelter in a M\u0101ori meeting house, a wharenui, named Hinemihi, which was later taken to England and erected in the grounds of Clandon Park, the seat of the 4th Earl Onslow, who had been governor-general of New Zealand at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027893-0009-0000", "contents": "1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera, Effects\nTe Wairoa is now a tourist attraction called \"The Buried Village\". Many people survived by sheltering in Te Wairoa's stronger buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027895-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1886 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027896-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027896-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1886 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027896-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1886 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027897-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in Australian soccer\nThe 1886 season was the third season of competitive association football in Australia. The Northern NSW Football introduced their Northern NSW football league (now known as the National Premier Leagues Northern NSW).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027897-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 in Australian soccer, Northern NSW Football League\nThe Northern NSW state league began in 1886. Minmi Rangers won the annual championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 55], "content_span": [56, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027897-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 in Australian soccer, Honours\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027898-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in Belgium\nThe following lists events that happened during 1886 in the Kingdom of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027900-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in Canada, Historical Documents\nEdward Blake speaks on Louis Riel's execution and Northwest maladministration", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027900-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 in Canada, Historical Documents\nWilfrid Laurier's House of Commons speech condemns Louis Riel's execution", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027900-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 in Canada, Historical Documents\nCrown issues amnesty for all those not convicted of crimes in 1885 conflict", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027900-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 in Canada, Historical Documents\nWilfrid Laurier envisions Canada's ethnicities combining in one national aim and purpose", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027900-0004-0000", "contents": "1886 in Canada, Historical Documents\nOjibwe, Cree and Inuit medical practice and materials (Note: \"primitive\" and other stereotypes)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027900-0005-0000", "contents": "1886 in Canada, Historical Documents\nNew York City businessman wants Chief Poundmaker for Buffalo Bill's Wild West show", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027901-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1886, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 89], "content_span": [90, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027902-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1886 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027907-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in India, Events\nTrinomali or Tiruvannamalai, a Cheftian town, an Ancient mart and the headquarters of the taluk of same name in South Arcot district in Madras Presidency was constituted as Municipality. Which was shifted to North Arcot district later. After independence, The city and few taluks of North Arcot district separated as new district with Trinomali as headquarters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027907-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 in India, Deaths\nThis year in India article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027909-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in Japan\nEvents in the year 1886 in Japan. It corresponds to Meiji 19 (\u660e\u6cbb19\u5e74) in the Japanese calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027910-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1886 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027910-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 in New Zealand, Sport, Cricket\nThe first recorded game of Women's cricket in New Zealand takes place in the Nelson district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027910-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nThe New Zealand Bowling Association is formed with twelve clubs. Only two clubs (from New Plymouth and Auckland) are from the North Island which will eventually lead to the events of 1891. A national championships is held but the winners are not recorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027910-0003-0000", "contents": "1886 in New Zealand, Sport, Tennis\nA national tennis association is convened in Hastings . The first National Championships take place later in the 1886\u201387 season. (see 1887)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027912-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1886 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027916-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1886 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027919-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1886 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027921-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in architecture\nThe year 1886 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027923-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1886 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027924-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1886  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027924-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 in baseball, All-Time Statistical Leaders (Strikeouts)\nThe 1886 season was memorable as the top two all-time Major League Baseball single season strikeout totals were established that year:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 59], "content_span": [60, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027925-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in film\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1886 in film, including a list of notable births.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027926-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027927-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027928-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027928-0001-0000", "contents": "1886 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027928-0002-0000", "contents": "1886 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027929-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027930-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in science\nThe year 1886 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027931-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in sports\n1886 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027932-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in the Congo Free State\nThe following lists events that happened during 1886 in the Congo Free State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027934-0000-0000", "contents": "1886 in the United States, Events, Unknown Date\nArthur Hinds & Company, now Barnes & Noble, is founded in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 47], "content_span": [48, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027935-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Argyle F.C. season\nThe 1886\u201387 football season marked the formation of Plymouth Argyle Football Club. The team was originally called Argyle F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027935-0001-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Argyle F.C. season, History\nThe club was formed in September 1886 by former college and public school students who wished to continue playing the game. The inspiration for the name Argyle is thought to have come from Argyle Terrace, a local street in a suburb of Plymouth called Mutley. At this time organised League football did not exist. Instead \"first class matches\", otherwise known as \"exhibition matches\", were arranged on a largely ad hoc basis and supplemented by cup competitions. Official records from these matches are sketchy at best, but what is certain is that the club played its first match on 9 October 1886 against Dunheved College (now Launceston Technology College) in Launceston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027935-0002-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Argyle F.C. season, History\nThe club continued in this manner, playing matches at numerous venues in the area, until the decision was made to set up a professional club in the city in 1903. Frank Brettell, a football administrator, was invited to achieve this goal and gain entry to the Southern Football League. He achieved them both, Plymouth Argyle Football Club were elected into the Southern Football League and Western Football League that same year, and they played their first match on 1 September 1903 against West Ham United, winning 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027936-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 British Home Championship\nThe 1886\u201387 British Home Championship was the fourth international football tournament between the British Home Nations. Played during the second half of the 1886\u201387 football season, the competition was won by Scotland for the fourth consecutive time (although they had once shared victory with England). Ireland also achieved their first placing above the bottom of the table, finishing above Wales due to victory at home in their final match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027936-0001-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 British Home Championship\nEngland and Ireland began the competition in early February, England comprehensively defeating their visitors 7\u20130 in Sheffield and taking the initial tournament lead. Scotland joined them with a strong victory over Ireland in their first game, but England again seized the top slot with their own defeat of Wales. In their final match, Ireland succeeded in achieving their first ever international victory with a 4\u20131 win over Wales in Belfast, to put them in third position. England and Scotland then played a deciding match in Blackburn, Scotland only just running out 3\u20132 winners after a very tough game. In the final match, Scotland beat Wales in Wrexham to outstrip England's points total and win the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1886\u201387 season was the 14th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0001-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nDumbarton reached their fourth Scottish Cup final full of confidence, especially having defeated Queen's Park in the semi final, but it wasn't to be and Dumbarton lost out to the East of Scotland Shield holders Hibernian by the odd goal in three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0002-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season, Dumbartonshire Cup\nDumbarton met their old rivals Renton in the third round and found them to be too good on the day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0003-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season, Glasgow Charity Cup\nIt was much the same story in the Glasgow Charity Cup, where Dumbarton fell at the first hurdle to Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0004-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDuring the season, 28 'friendly' matches were played, including home and away ties against Rangers and 3rd LRV, matches against Lanarkshire Cup holders, Airdrie and Renfrewshire Cup holders, Abercorn and a two match north of Scotland tour in the New Year Holidays. In addition, four matches were played against English opposition, including a north of England tour during Easter. In all, 9 were won, 7 drawn and 12 lost, scoring 61 goals and conceding 62.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0005-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOf note amongst those donning the club's colours for the first time were John Madden and William Robertson. At the same time 5-time internationalist Michael Paton was lost from the club's squad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0006-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0007-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\nAn international trial match was played on 5 March 1887 to consider selection of teams to represent Scotland in the upcoming games in the 1887 British Home Championship. Leitch Keir, James McAulay and Willie Robertson all took part.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0008-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\nSubsequently, four Dumbarton players were selected to play for Scotland, as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0009-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\n- Leitch Keir earned his third and fourth caps against England and Wales respectively. Keir scored in the 3-2 win over England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0010-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\n- James McAulay earned his eighth and ninth caps against England and Wales respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0011-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\n- Willie Robertson earned his first and second caps against England and Wales respectively. Robertson scored in the 2-0 win over Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0012-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative Matches\nDumbarton players were selected to play for the Dumbartonshire county team as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0013-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative Matches\nIn addition Leitch Keir was selected to play in the West of Scotland side which played an East of Scotland XI on 24 May 1887. The 'West' won 3-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0014-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton rejoined the Second Eleven Association and duly reached their third final in the Scottish Second XI Cup in four attempts before losing out to the holders, Abercorn, after a drawn match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027937-0015-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nIn addition, Dumbarton entered the Dumbartonshire Second XI Cup competition, and reached the semi final before losing to eventual winners, Renton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027938-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Eastville Rovers F.C. season\nThe 1886\u201387 season was the fourth to be played by the team that are now known as Bristol Rovers, and their third playing under the name Eastville Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027938-0001-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nAs with each of their previous three seasons, Eastville Rovers continued to play only friendly matches this year, but the \"dribbling code\" (as it was sometimes called at the time) of football was now gaining in popularity and the club were beginning to play against a wider variety of opposition. New team colours of Oxford and Cambridge blue were adopted, although the precise design of the kit is not documented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027938-0002-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nTwo Eastville Rovers players took part in an unusual match on New Year's Day, when Clifton Association took on a Rest of Bristol XI in Warmley. The Rest of Bristol team consisted of players from Warmley, St George and Eastville Rovers, and included Rovers pair W. Perrin and H. Horsey in the forward line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027938-0003-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nEastville Rovers were still not particularly well-known at this point, as evidenced by the fact that Weston-super-Mare RFC arranged two matches against them believing them to be a rugby team. Later, when Weston discovered that Rovers were an association football club, the games were cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027938-0004-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nMost of the results from this season are not known, but of the games where a result is documented Rovers recorded three wins, two draws and a defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027939-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 FA Cup\nThe 1886\u201387 Football Association Challenge Cup was the sixteenth FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. One hundred and twenty-eight teams entered, two fewer than the previous season, in addition to four of the one hundred and twenty-eight never playing a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027940-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nSeason 1886\u201387 was the eleventh season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the eleventh time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027940-0001-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts reached the third round of the Scottish Cup and were knocked out by Edinburgh rivals Hibs. They also competed in the FA Cup being knocked out by Darwen in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027940-0002-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nLater that season they reached the final of the East of Scotland Shield losing for the second time in the season to Hibs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027941-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Hibernian F.C. season\nSeason 1886\u201387 was the 11th season in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the 10th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027941-0001-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nHibs reached the final of the Scottish Cup, winning 3\u20131 to the Dumbarton at Hampden Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027942-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Morton F.C. season\nThe 1886\u201387 season was Morton Football Club's tenth season in which they competed at a national level. The club competed in the 14th Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027943-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season\nThe 1886\u201387 season was the first season in which Newton Heath LYR F.C. \u2013 now known as Manchester United F.C. \u2013 took part in a major football competition. The club had previously entered the Lancashire Cup and the Manchester and District Challenge Cup, but this season was the first in which they competed in the FA Cup. However, their cup run was short-lived as they drew with Fleetwood Rangers in the first round, but were disqualified when they refused to play extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027943-0001-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season\nThe club also entered the Manchester and District Challenge Cup for the third season in a row, but lost 2\u20131 to West Manchester in the final, after having beaten Hooley Hill, Gorton Association and Gorton Villa 7\u20130, 11\u20131 and 8\u20130 respectively in the early rounds and Ten Acres 1\u20130 in the semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027943-0002-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season, FA Cup\nThe 1886\u201387 FA Cup was Newton Heath's first foray into a major competitive football tournament. They were drawn away to Fleetwood Rangers in the first round, and played out a close encounter that finished in a 2\u20132 draw; both of the Heathens' goals were scored by Jack Doughty. The referee had turned up to the match expecting to play a period of extra time if the match had finished in a draw, but Newton Heath's captain, Jack Powell, refused. Fleetwood complained about the incident to the FA, who then awarded Rangers the tie. Newton Heath then went into a self-imposed exile from the FA Cup, not entering again until 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 44], "content_span": [45, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027943-0003-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season, Manchester and District Challenge Cup\nThe Heathens' third consecutive entry into the Manchester and District Challenge Cup also saw them reach the final for a third time in a row. The opening three rounds saw Newton Heath sweep aside all challengers, beating Hooley Hill 7\u20130 in the first round \u2013 two goals coming from James Gotheridge \u2013 followed by an 11\u20131 win and an 8\u20130 win over Gorton Association and Gorton Villa respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027943-0004-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season, Manchester and District Challenge Cup\nThe semi-final was the first time the club played away from home in the competition, and also put them up against Ten Acres in a sterner test than in the previous rounds. The Heathens eventually scraped through with a 1\u20130 win, the winner scored by Roger Doughty. As in the seasons before, the final was played at Whalley Range in central Manchester. However, a second title in three years was not to be for Newton Heath, as they capitulated by a score of two goals to one against the unfancied West Manchester.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027944-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1886\u201387 season is the 13th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027945-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nThe 1886\u201387 season was the first season of the club that was to become Arsenal", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027945-0001-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nThe club was formed by David Danskin and other workers from the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. Early games were played under the name Dial Square.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027945-0002-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nHome games were played on an area of Plumstead Common that is now bordered by Heavitree Road, Waverley Crescent and St John's Terrace. Players used The Star Inn public house in Jago Close as a dressing room.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027945-0003-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nThe club's first match was against Eastern Wanderers on 11 December 1886. The match was played on a piece of scrap land in what is now Tiller Road on the Isle of Dogs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027945-0004-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nIn his book \"Forward, Arsenal! \", Bernard Joy gave the team line-up for first match as: Beardsley, Danskin, Porteous, Gregory, Bee, Wolfe, Smith, Moy, Whitehead, Morris, Duggan. However, in 1953 Robert Thompson claimed that he played in the first game (along with Wells in place of Morris and Duggan) and scored the first goal. Further, it has been found that Fred Beardsley played for Nottingham Forest in the F.A. Cup that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027945-0005-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nThompson also claimed to have suggested the name Royal Arsenal. From Thompson's account, it appears that the first game played as Royal Arsenal was against Millwall Rovers on 5 February 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027945-0006-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Royal Arsenal F.C. season, Players\nPlayers that were reported as having played for Dial Square / Royal Arsenal during the 1886\u201387 season include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027945-0007-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Royal Arsenal F.C. season, Club officials\nJack Humble was probably involved with the club during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027945-0008-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Royal Arsenal F.C. season, Matches, Friendlies\nAll matches that Dial Square / Royal Arsenal played during the 1886\u201387 season were friendlies. Significant matches were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027946-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Scottish Cup\nThe 1886\u201387 Scottish Cup was the 14th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Hibernian won the competition for the first time after they beat Dumbarton 2\u20131 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027946-0001-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 139 teams entered the competition in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027946-0002-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Scottish Cup, First round\nCaledonian Rangers, Cambuslang Hibernian, Cowdenbeath, Dykehead and Moffat received a bye to the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027946-0003-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Scottish Cup, Second round\nAlloa Athletic, Coupar Angus, St Bernard's and Tollcross received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027946-0004-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Scottish Cup, Third round\nArbroath, Carfin Shamrock and Morton received a bye to the fourth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027946-0005-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Scottish Cup, Fourth round\nClyde, Dumbarton, Dunblane, Dundee Harp, Hibernian, Hurlford, Kilmarnock, Port Glasgow Athletic, Queen's Park, Vale of Leven and 3rd Lanark RV received a bye to the fifth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027947-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1886\u201387 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027947-0001-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027947-0002-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Scottish Districts season, History\nGlasgow won the Inter-City by a try to nil. The Greenock Telegraph and Clyde Shipping Gazette of 6 December 1886 reporting the match: \"Played at Anniesland, Glasgow, on Saturday, in good weather. At the start of the game Edinburgh had the best of it for about fifteen minutes, but thereafter they had to act on the defensive. Although at half-time no scoring had taken place the second period was much in favour of Glasgow, for whom Kerr gained a try twenty minutes from time, which was not improved on.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027947-0003-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe East v West fixture was marred by a leg break to Asher, the East District quarter-back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027947-0004-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nGlasgow District: Macindoe (Glasgow Academicals), C. J. Higginbotham (Glasgow University), M. F. Reid (West of Scotland), A. M. Woodrow (Glagow Academicals), H. Neilson (West of Scotland), C. J. Fraser (Glasgow University), H. Kerr (Glasgow Academicals), T. French (Glasgow Academicals), R. Young (Glasgow Academicals), J. G. Mitchell (West of Scotland), J. McMillan (West of Scotland), D. Morton (West of Scotland), A. Malcolm (Clydesdale), W. McDonald (1st", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027947-0004-0001", "contents": "1886\u201387 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nLanarkshire Rifle Volunteers)Edinburgh District: A. W. Cameron (Watsonians), W. Macfarlane (Royal HSFP), G. Wilson (Royal HSFP), Marsh (Edinburgh Institution F. P.), P. H. Don Wauchope (Edinburgh Wanderers), D. M. Orr (Edinburgh Academicals), Reid Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), McEwen (Edinburgh Academicals), Berry (Edinburgh Wanderers), Milne (Edinburgh Wanderers), McLeod (Edinburgh Wanderers), Duke (Royal HSFP), Stevenson (Edinburgh University), Huskie (Edinburgh University)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027947-0005-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches\nEast: A. W. Cameron back G. R. Wilson (Royal High School), J. Marsh (Edinburgh Institution), and K. H. Morrison (Edinburgh University), half backs; A. G. G. Asher (Wanderers) and C. Johnston (Edinburgh University), quarter backs; C. Reid (Edinburgh Academicals), T. Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), M. C. McEwen (Edinburgh Academicals), A. T. Clay (Edinburgh Academicals), W. M. Macleod (Wanderers), L. E. Stevenson (Edinburgh University), Clayton Simpson (Edinburgh University), C. W. Berry (Wanderers), and C. J. Milne (Wanderers), forwards. West: F. Macindoe. back; A. E. Stephen, A. N. Woodrow, and M. F. Reid, half backs\u00a0; C. P. Fraser and C. E. Orr quarter backs; W. A. Macdonald, J. French. H. Kerr, R. A. Young, D. Morton, J. G. Orr, J. G. Mitchell (captain), R. Hutcheson, and A. G. Malcolm, forwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 876]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027948-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season\n1886\u201387 was the second year since St. Mary's Y.M.A. (now Southampton Football Club), based in Southampton in Southern England, started playing association football. This was a year of consolidation before the club entered its first local cup tournament in the following season. All the matches played during the season were friendly matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027948-0001-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Personnel\nThere were few changes to the Y.M.A. 's squad of players from the previous, inaugural season, with the most notable newcomers being J. L. Sommerville and Mullens, while Charles \"Ned\" Bromley replaced A. A. Fry as team captain. The players continued to play in white knickerbockers and white shorts with a red sash being sown diagonally across it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027948-0002-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Venue\nThe club played their \"home\" games on Southampton Common although a practice match on 2 October 1886 was played in the grounds of the Deanery, opposite St.Mary's Church. This is the only match known to have been played by the club in the parish of St. Mary's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027948-0003-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Matches\nThe club played 13 known friendly games of which nine were won and two were lost. Two matches were played against Handel College producing the biggest victories of 4\u20130 and 5\u20131. The most difficult opposition were Bannister Court, who inflicted one of the two defeats, and Southampton Harriers, who defeated the Y.M.A. 2\u20130 in the final match of the season, after two previous draws. Other matches were played where the results have been lost, including matches at Cowes and Winchester.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027948-0004-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Matches\nIn the summary of the season, the St. Mary's Parish News claimed that the football club were \"winning golden opinions throughgout the town and neighbourhood (for being) victorious all along the line.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027948-0005-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Matches, Results\nThe results of those matches that are known were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027948-0006-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Other local clubs\nApart from the opponents listed above, the other major association football club in the Southampton area was a team from Woolston Works, who played at Woolston Park, across the River Itchen from the town. The works team comprised employees of the Oswald, Mordaunt & Co. shipyard in Woolston, which later became part of Vosper Thorneycroft. Many of the workers had been recruited from the north of England and Scotland who had previously played football in their home towns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027948-0007-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Other local clubs\nThey entered the South Hants & Dorset Senior Cup, which the Y.M.A. were precluded from entering as they did not have access to an enclosed ground. The works team defeated the Portsmouth Sunflowers 6\u20131 on 9 October 1886. The Sunflowers were run by Canon Norman Pares, who had played for the Old Etonians when they won the 1879 FA Cup Final. The Works team progressed to the final where they defeated Wimborne Town with a single goal. The umpire for the final was M. P. Betts who won the very first FA Cup Final with the Wanderers in 1872.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027948-0008-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Other local clubs\nWoolston Works also reached the final of the Portsmouth & District Cup where they lost 2\u20130 to Portsmouth A.F.C. (not connected with the present-day Portsmouth Football Club). Playing in goal for the Portsmouth side was \"A. C. Smith\", a pseudonym for Dr. Arthur Conan Doyle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027948-0009-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Players\nThe following is known about the players who made their debut this season:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027949-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Stoke F.C. season\nThe 1886\u201387 season was the fourth season Stoke took part the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027949-0001-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Stoke F.C. season, Season review\nStoke's first FA Cup win finally arrived on 30 October 1886, when Welsh side Caernarfon Wanderers came to the Victoria Ground and were well beaten 10\u20131. But joy was short lived as Crewe Alexandra again knocked Stoke out this time 6\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027950-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 Welsh Cup\nThe 1886\u201387 FAW Welsh Cup was the 10th edition of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027951-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season\nThe 1886\u201387 season was the ninth season in the history of West Bromwich Albion Football Club. The club reached the FA Cup final for the second successive season, but again finished as runners-up, losing 0\u20132 to local rivals Aston Villa. Albion also reached the final of two regional cup competitions, winning the Staffordshire Senior Cup and finishing as runners-up in the Birmingham Senior Cup. In addition, they took part in the Walsall Senior Cup and Birmingham Charity Cup, as well as playing a number of friendly matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027951-0001-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, FA Cup\nWest Bromwich Albion began their fourth FA Cup season with a 6\u20130 first round victory against Burton Wanderers, in what was their only home match of the tournament. They followed this up with a 2\u20131 win away at Derby Junction. Albion's second goal in the match was credited to their goalkeeper Bob Roberts, after his long kick downfield ended up in Derby's goal following a goalmouth scrum. Albion then received a bye to the fourth round, where Tommy Green scored the only game of the game against Mitchell St. George's at Aston Lower Grounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 48], "content_span": [49, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027951-0001-0001", "contents": "1886\u201387 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, FA Cup\nIn round five, a goal from George Woodhall gave Albion a victory over Lockwood Brothers, but a dispute over the goal led to the tie being replayed. Tommy Green scored in the replay, putting Albion into the quarter-finals for the third season in succession. Notts County provided the opposition and two goals from Jem Bayliss contributed to a 4\u20131 victory for West Bromwich Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 48], "content_span": [49, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027951-0002-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, FA Cup\nIn the semi-final, Albion took on Preston North End at Trent Bridge. Preston took the lead, but two goals from Tom Pearson and one from Bill Paddock saw Albion reach the final for the second year running. In the final, the team faced local rivals Aston Villa at the Kennington Oval, to determine which side would be the first from the Midlands to win the FA Cup. Villa's goalkeeper Jimmy Warner made a number of saves in a goalless first 45 minutes, and it was they who took the lead in the second half when Dennis Hodgetts scored. Bob Roberts, Albion's goalkeeper, made no attempt to save the shot, wrongly assuming that Hodgetts was offside. Villa captain Archie Hunter added a second goal for Villa near the end as Albion again finished as runners-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 48], "content_span": [49, 803]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027951-0003-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Birmingham Senior Cup\nAlbion, taking part in the Birmingham Senior Cup for the sixth time, beat Aston Villa in the first round by a Tommy Green goal. The match was played in front of 12,000 spectators, the club's largest home attendance of the season and their largest all-time home attendance in the Birmingham Senior Cup. Albion were also drawn at home in the next three rounds and continued to keep clean sheets, defeating Mitchell St George's 3\u20130, Derby County 6\u20130 and Stoke 3\u20130. The semi-final was held at Stoke's Victoria Ground, where Burslem Port Vale provided the opposition. A Jem Bayliss hat-trick contributed to a 5\u20131 victory as Albion reached the final for the second season running. They were unable to retain the trophy however, as they lost by a single goal to Long Eaton Rangers at Wellington Road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 857]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027951-0004-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Staffordshire Senior Cup\nParticipating in their fifth Staffordshire Senior Cup campaign, Albion beat Hednesford Town 8\u20130 in the first round; Bayliss led the scoring with four goals. Albion were also given home ties in the next two rounds, defeating Stafford Rangers 5\u20131 and Leek 3\u20130. The semi-final took place in Burslem; Albion won 3\u20130 with two goals from Jem Bayliss and one from George Timmins. In the final, at Stoke's Victoria Ground, Albion beat Walsall Swifts 4\u20130. Two goals from Bayliss and one each from Woodhall and Paddock meant that Albion retained the trophy, winning the competition for the third time in all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 66], "content_span": [67, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027951-0005-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Birmingham Charity Cup\nEntering the Birmingham Charity Cup for the third time, Albion drew 3\u20133 with Wolverhampton Wanderers in the semi-final. The replay finished goalless after extra time, meaning that a second replay was required. Wolves won the second replay, 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027951-0006-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Walsall Senior Cup\nUnusually for a competition in which they usually entered a reserve team, West Bromwich Albion put out their first team for the Walsall Senior Cup round one match against Crosswells Brewery. Albion won the match 5\u20132, against a brewery side that included seven former Albion players in their team. West Bromwich Albion's reserve team completed the remainder of the club's fixtures in the competition, losing to Walsall Town in an unspecified later round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027951-0007-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Friendlies and benefit matches\nWith league football yet to be established, West Bromwich Albion played in a number of friendly matches throughout the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027952-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 in English football\nThe 1886\u201387 season was the 16th season of competitive football (soccer) in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027952-0001-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 in English football, National team\nEngland finished second in the 1887 British Home Championship, which was won by Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027952-0002-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027953-0000-0000", "contents": "1886\u201387 in Scottish football\nThe 1886\u201387 season was the 14th season of competitive football in Scotland. This season saw the inaugural playing of the Scottish Junior Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027954-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\n1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1887th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 887th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 87th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  8th   year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1887, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027955-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 AHAC season\nThe 1887 AHAC season was the inaugural season of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada. Play was in challenges. The Montreal Crystals won the final challenge of the season to win the Canadian championship and the first league championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027955-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 AHAC season, League business\nThe AHAC was organized on December 8, 1886, when the representatives of various hockey clubs met at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal at the instigation of the Victoria Hockey Club of Montreal. The first executive was composed of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027955-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 AHAC season, Regular season\nA.E. Swift from the Quebec HC played four games for the Victorias, being possibly the first hockey player to play for a city other than their home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027955-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 AHAC season, Regular season\nThe season's final match, held in the Victoria Rink on March 11 ended 3\u20132 for Montreal Crystals over the Montreal Victorias. The Vics had won the previous two meetings between the clubs. The Crystals changed their lineup, replacing F. Dowd, R. Laing and J. McGoldrick. The Crystals took the early lead on two goals by S. McQuisten. The Vics appeared to score a goal, but it was ruled to be too high and did not count. In the second half, D. Brown, one of the replacements, scored the third for Crystals before two goals by T. Arnton made it close.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027955-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 AHAC season, Player statistics, Goaltender averages\nNote: GP = Games played, GA = Goals against, SO = Shutouts, GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 56], "content_span": [57, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027955-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 AHAC season, Winter Carnival Tournament\nIn February, the Montreal teams of the AHAC participated in the Montreal Winter Carnival ice hockey tournament. The tournament, which was scheduled to play outdoors on an ice rink at the Ice Palace, was disrupted by two days of storms, and was not completed until February 25. During this time, no AHAC challenges were played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 44], "content_span": [45, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027955-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 AHAC season, Winter Carnival Tournament\nSource: The Montreal Gazette, The Montreal Daily Herald, Montreal Daily Witness, The Montreal Daily Post", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 44], "content_span": [45, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027956-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1887 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship is the first edition of GAA's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament, played between 12 counties of Ireland. The tournament featured club teams who represented their respective counties after their county championship. The 21 a-side final was between Commercials of Limerick and Young Irelands of Louth. The final was played in Beech Hill, Donnybrook on April 29, 1888, with Commercials winning by 1-4 to 0-3. Unlike later All-Irelands, there were no provincial championships and it was an open draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027956-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Format\nThe 1887 championship was the only to be held as an open-draw knockout tournament, without provincial championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027956-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Representative clubs\nFrom 1887 until 1891 the club champions represented the whole county. In the very first All-Ireland championship the participating counties were represented by the following clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 67], "content_span": [68, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027957-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1887 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the first All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1887 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Limerick were the winners. It was the first of two All-Ireland football titles for Limerick - the other coming in 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027957-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nIn 2005, a gold medal won by the final's man-of-the-match Malachi O'Brien fetched \u20ac26,500 (three times its guide price) at London auction house Sotheby's. It is believed to be the oldest All-Ireland football medal in existence. The Limerick Leader purchased the medal and said it intended to display it in Limerick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027958-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the first staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship. The championship began on 2 July 1887 and ended on 1 April 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027958-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nTipperary won the title following a 1-1 to 0-0 defeat of Galway in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027958-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Background\nThe Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), the governing body of Gaelic games in Ireland, had been formed in 1884, but for the first three years of its existence, its member clubs played only friendly matches and locally organised tournaments. In 1887, however, the existing county boards started to organise knock-out championships for the club teams within their own county. The county club championships were then extended to a national or All-Ireland inter-county series of games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027958-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nAll of the existing county boards were eligible to enter a team, however, only six chose to do so. Disputes in Cork and Limerick over which club should represent the county resulted in neither county fielding a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027958-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nIn all five teams participated: Clare (Garraunboy Smith O'Briens), Dublin (Metropolitans) Galway (Meelick), Kilkenny (Tullaroan) Tipperary (Thurles) and Wexford (Castlebridge).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027958-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nAll of the original entrants subsequently went on the claim the All-Ireland title, while all of the participating clubs still exist in some form.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027958-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format\nFor the only time in its history there were no provincial championships and an open draw was used to determine the pairings in the All-Ireland championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027958-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format\nFirst round: (1 match) This is a lone match between the first two teams paired together. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winning team advances to the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027958-0008-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format\nSecond round: (1 match) This is a lone match between the winner of the first round and another team. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winning team advances to the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027958-0009-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format\nSemi-final: (2 matches) The winners of the second round game join the three remaining teams to make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the two winning teams advance to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027958-0010-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format\nFinal: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contest this game. The winners are declared All-Ireland champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027958-0011-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Scoring\nA unique scoring system was used in the first championship. One goal was worth more than any number of points, while \"forfeit points\" (5 forfeit points = 1 point) were awarded in place of 65's. Scores here are given in the form goals-points-forfeit points, e.g. 2-4-1. So (for example), 2-0-0 defeats 1-7-2 (goal outvalues any number of points); 1-3-4 defeats 1-2-7 (3.8 points vs. 3.4 points); 3-0-6 defeats 3-1-0 (six forfeit points outvalue one point). Similarly, the playing pitch was significantly larger than the modern day pitch, particularly in width, and teams had twenty-one players. The scoring area was exactly similar to the scoring area used in the International rules football games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027959-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match that was played at Birr Sportsfield, Birr on 1 April 1888 to determine the winners of the 1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the first season of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for inter-county hurling teams in Ireland. The final was contested by club representatives Thurles Blues of Tipperary and Meelick of Galway, with Tipperary winning by 1\u20131 (and a forfeit point) to 0\u201300.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027959-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe All-Ireland final between Tipperary and Galway was a unique occasion as it was the first ever championship meeting between the two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027959-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nPatrick White, a native of Blakefield, Toomevara and the first secretary of Offaly County G.A.A. Board. was the referee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027959-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nTipperary's clash with Galway proved to be their toughest championship test yet. At a crucial stage in the second-half team captain Jim Stapleton led a charge down the field. Spotting a free player he passed the sliotar to Tom Healy who went on to score the first goal in an All-Ireland final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027959-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nTipperary's All-Ireland victory was their first in what would be a remarkable record of securing an All-Ireland title in every decade. Tipperary also held a record of never losing an All Ireland Final from 1887 to 1909.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027960-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 American Cup\nThe 1887 American Cup was the third edition of the soccer tournament organized by the American Football Association. For the third time since its inception the Clark ONT's were the champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027960-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 American Cup, Participants\nThe tournament had now increased to nine teams with Newark boasting four entries including the newcomers Tiffany Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027960-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 American Cup, First round\nRangers: GK J.Clynch, DF J.McKell, J.Chapman, MF W.Allsop, J.Hearn, D.Morris, FW William Taylor, J.Williams, G.Sergeant, D.Gloak, Walter Taylor(c). Rovers: GK G.Gray, DF T.Crann, J.Shelby, MF J.McCullough, F.Hatfield, D.O'Mara, FW C.Gray, A.Ringley, W.Houston, W.Hinchley, J.Norton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027960-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 American Cup, First round\nONT: P.Hughes, H.Holden, A.Pallister, J.Dockray, Joe Swithenby(c), J.Howarth, J.Hood, Jack Swithenby, J.McGurck, J.Swarbrick, J.Connolly. Almas: F.Farrar, C.Moore, G.Wright, E.Morton, R.Patterson, F.Britchtord, J.Lucas, G.Curtin(c), E.P.Garren, J.Grey, T.Faulkeley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027960-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 American Cup, First round\nPaterson: GK Dowey, DF B.Henshall(c), J.Hall, MF G.Henshall, E.Gaskell, J.Henshall, FW W.Wyatt, W.Turner, J.W.Warburton, S.Wardle, R.McWilliams. Trenton: GK W.Bradshaw, DF R.Rhodes, Holowan, MF T.McNicol, T.Baddeley, J.James, FW J.Bradshaw, E.Naylor, E.Ward, A.Deearden, D.Baggeley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027960-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 American Cup, First round, replay\nTrenton: GK H.Everingham, DF Hullman, Rhodes, MF McNicol, James, Baddeley, FW Openshaw, Ward, Naylor, Baggeley, Deardon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 38], "content_span": [39, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027960-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 American Cup, Second round\nTrenton: GK Hart Everingham, DF Hullman, Rhodes, MF McNicol(c), James, Baddeley, FW Ward, Openshaw, Naylor, Baggeley, Deardon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027960-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 American Cup, Semifinal round\nONT: P.Hughes, H.Holden, A.Patterson, J.Swithemby, L.Dockray, J.Howarth, J.McGurck, J.Brooks, R.Donnelly, J.Swarbrick, J.Swithemby. Trenton: H.Evenham, G.Holman, R.Rhodes, A.MacNicol, J.James, T.Bradley, E.Openshaw, D.Bagley, A.Reardon, E.Naylor, J.Mart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 34], "content_span": [35, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1887 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active Atlantic hurricane season on record at the time in terms of number of known tropical storms formed, with\u00a019. This total has since been equaled by 1995, 2010, 2011, and 2012. Four seasons have had more storms: 1933 (20), 2021 (20), 2005 (28), and 2020 (30). 1887 also featured five off-season storms, with tropical activity occurring as early as May, and as late as December. Tropical cyclones that did not approach populated areas or shipping lanes, especially if they were relatively weak and of short duration, may have remained undetected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0000-0001", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season\nBecause technologies such as satellite monitoring were not available until the 1960s, historical data on tropical cyclones from this period may not be comprehensive. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. Of the known 1887 cyclones, Tropical Storm One and Tropical Storm Three were first documented in 1996 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz. They also proposed large alterations to the known tracks of several of the other 1887 storms. Later re-analysis led to the known duration of Hurricane Six, and also that of Hurricane Fifteen, being increased.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season\nEleven of the season's nineteen known storms attained hurricane status. However, only two of these storms became major hurricanes, with sustained winds of over 111\u00a0mph (179\u00a0km/h); the strongest reached peak winds of 125\u00a0mph (205\u00a0km/h), with a minimum barometric pressure of 946\u00a0mbar (27.9\u00a0inHg) off the East Coast of the United States in late August. Only a few of the storms during the 1887 season did not impact land, but there was a low number of deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nThe first storm of the season formed south of Bermuda on May 15, outside of the season boundaries and moved to the northwest, staying out to sea. After peaking at 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) late the next day, it turned northward, and became extratropical on May 18 over Newfoundland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nAnother May storm formed south of Jamaica on May 17, way outside of the season and moved generally northward. It crossed Cuba on May 19 as a tropical storm, and moved out to sea. Two peaked at 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) twice, once on May 18 and May 20. Two dissipated on May 21 in the Atlantic Ocean. When this storm and the first storm were active simultaneously from May 17 to May 18, it became the earliest for two storms to be active at one time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three\nA weak tropical storm, which began its life in the northwest Caribbean Sea on June 12. Three peaked at 40\u00a0mph (65\u00a0km/h) and moved northward through the Gulf of Mexico, and dissipated on June 14 after making landfall in Mississippi. It caused \"some\" loss of life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nOn July\u00a020 a tropical storm formed 150 miles southeast of Barbados. The next day it passed south of the island as a Category\u00a01 hurricane and caused several vessels to be wrecked or to be run aground there. The hurricane continued westward into the Caribbean Sea, becoming a strong Category\u00a02 hurricane with winds of 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h) on July\u00a022. Although the hurricane passed far to the south of Cuba, it caused several vessels to sink at Bataban\u00f3 and brought heavy rain and flooding to the islands interior.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0005-0001", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nContinuing westward, the hurricane passed over the eastern tip of the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula before first turning northward and then northeasterly. It made landfall on the Florida panhandle on the morning of July\u00a027 as a Category\u00a01 hurricane, with a wind speed of 85\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h). The storm continued northward, as a tropical storm, before dissipating late on July\u00a028 near Augusta, Georgia. The storm and its remnants brought heavy rain to the Southeast, up to 8 inches in Cedar Keys and a maximum of 16.5 inches (420\u00a0mm) at Union Point, Georgia. The cyclone caused extensive damage to the cotton crop throughout Georgia and Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nTropical Depression Five formed east of the Windward Islands on July 30 and moved northwestward across the Caribbean Sea, strengthening into a storm and reaching peak winds of 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h) on August 2 near St. Vincent before dissipating near Cuba six days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nThe season's first of two major hurricanes, both following a very similar Cape Verde-type hurricane path in mid-August, but remained offshore. Six formed on August 14 in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Six started moving toward the Carolina coast and moved far north and peaked as a 120\u00a0mph (190\u00a0km/h) & 967 mbar major hurricane on August 20, when rapid weakening began. Six was declared extratropical two days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0008-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nThe season's second of two major hurricanes, both following a very similar Cape Verde-type hurricane path in mid-August, but remained offshore. Seven formed from a depression on August 18 into Tropical Storm Seven and followed the same track as Six. Seven peaked at 125\u00a0mph (205\u00a0km/h) winds for three straight days as a major hurricane and rapid weakening began. Seven was declared extratropical on August 27.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0009-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eight\nOn September 1, a tropical storm formed in the central Atlantic Ocean. It moved northwestward, becoming a hurricane on September 2. The hurricane turned to the northeast, and peaked at 105\u00a0mph (169\u00a0km/h) as a Category\u00a02 hurricane before becoming extratropical on September 4. The extratropical storm remained until September 6, when it dissipated off the coast of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0010-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine\nA hurricane, which was first observed on September 11 to the east of the Lesser Antilles, traversed the Caribbean Sea, remaining away from land until hitting extreme northeast Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula on September 17. It moved across the Gulf of Mexico, and weakened slightly before landfall as it hit near Brownsville, Texas, on September 21 as an 85\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h) hurricane. The storm rapidly weakened over Texas and northeast Mexico, and dissipated on the 22nd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0011-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine\nRainfall was reported at 8\u00a0inches at Brownsville, Texas and on September 21 and 2.26 inches (57\u00a0mm) on September 22. Thirty-six hours of rainfall flooded low-lying areas and fourteen sailors were lost at sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0012-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ten\nOn September 14, the tenth storm formed in the central Atlantic Ocean and moved northward. The storm peaked at 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h) with pressure of 983 mbar on September 16. It started losing its tropical characteristics while northeast of Newfoundland on September 18 and was soon declared as an extratropical storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0013-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eleven\nThe eleventh tropical storm of the season developed in the western Caribbean Sea on October 6. The storm peaked at 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h), then started moving westward through the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula and Bay of Campeche. Eleven dissipated on October 9 after making its second landfall in Mexico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0014-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Twelve\nA depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Twelve on October 8 and peaked at 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) winds later that day. After passing over Bermuda, Twelve dissipated the next day. Twelve was the shortest lived storm in the 1887 season lasting only two days (October 8 & 9th).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0015-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Thirteen\nA tropical storm was first seen on October\u00a09 to the northeast of the Lesser Antilles. It moved westward to cross Puerto Rico and Hispaniola, before strengthening into a hurricane while south of Cuba on October\u00a012. The hurricane maintained a peak wind speed of 85\u00a0mph (137\u00a0km/h) for four days, from October\u00a015 to October\u00a019, whilst crossing the Gulf of Mexico. It struck the Louisiana coast near New Orleans on October\u00a019 as a tropical storm. Considerable damage and some flooding were seen in New Orleans, trees were blown down in Algiers and there were significant amounts of crop damage in Abbeville and Iberville Parish. The storm swept across Georgia and the Carolinas before becoming dissipating at sea early on October\u00a020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0016-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Thirteen\nAround October 14, a storm moved over Belize, causing moderate crop damage and disruption in the southern part of the country. Because the 13th storm of the season existed at the same time to its northeast, this system was not included, though further research is under way to determine if it was a new storm or a variation of the 13th storm of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0017-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fourteen\nOn October 10, a depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Fourteen and moved across the ocean. Fourteen peaked with 85\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h) winds as a Category\u00a01 hurricane on October 11. On October 12, Fourteen weakened and was declared extratropical.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0018-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fifteen\nA hurricane was discovered on October 15th with 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h) winds. The system may have intensified while it was discovered. On October 16th, the system reached its peak intensity of 105\u00a0mph (169\u00a0km/h). Hurricane Fifteen remained out at sea and gradually weakened to a tropical depression until dissipating on October 19, without ever impacting land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0019-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Sixteen\nA tropical storm formed on October 27 and took a long, erratic track across the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Sixteen made landfall and moved across Florida as a tropical storm on October 30. Sixteen paralleled the Carolina coastline and peaked at a 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) storm with a tropical pressure of 993\u00a0mbar on October 31. Sixteen was declared extratropical a day later and hit an extratropical peak of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h) and a 990\u00a0mbar extratropical pressure. The storm dissipated on November 6. Sixteen caused a ship to capsize, killing two sailors, and resulted in the loss of four other ships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0020-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seventeen\nOn November 27, a tropical storm formed north of Puerto Rico. It moved to the west-northwest, and looped to the northeast. While looping, it peaked at 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h), but rapid weakening began while the storm was moving to the northeast. The storm was last seen on December 4 in the open Atlantic Ocean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0021-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eighteen\nThe 18th storm was first seen to the northeast of the Lesser Antilles on December 4. It moved northwestward at first, then turned to the northeast, strengthening into a hurricane on December 7 before rapid weakening began and Eighteen was declared an extratropical storm on December 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0022-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nineteen\nThe 19th and final tropical storm formed on December 7 and moved westward through the Caribbean Sea. Nineteen peaked in intensity on December 10 with 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) winds. Nineteen passed by St. Vincent and continued westward until dissipating near the coast of Costa Rica on December 12. When Tropical Storm Nineteen formed on December 7, it made 1887 the year with the most off-season storms (five).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027961-0023-0000", "contents": "1887 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nineteen\nAt the time, Nineteen was the only tropical storm to pass over Costa Rica on record. In 2016, Hurricane Otto passed over Costa Rica as a minimal hurricane. However, prior to doing this Otto made landfall in extreme southern Nicaragua. Therefore, Nineteen remains the only tropical storm recorded to make landfall in Costa Rica.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027962-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Avon by-election\nThe Avon by-election was held in 1887 to elect a member for the Avon electorate to the New Zealand House of Representatives, during the 9th session of Parliament. The election was held on 1 June 1887, less than four months before the next general election. Edwin Blake won the election against William Dunlop, with a majority of 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027962-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Avon by-election\nTurnout was particularly low; in the previous election (which Dunlop lost by a greater margin) 731 valid votes (69%) were cast in an electorate of 1,065 voters, while in the following election (held by Blake) 1,428 valid votes (72%) were cast in an electorate of 1,990 voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027963-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027963-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027963-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027963-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027963-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027964-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Basingstoke by-election\nThe 1887 Basingstoke by-election was held on 18 July 1887 after the incumbent Conservative MP George Sclater-Booth became the first Baron Basing. The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate Arthur Frederick Jeffreys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027965-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Boston Beaneaters season\nThe 1887 Boston Beaneaters season was the seventeenth season of the franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027965-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027965-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027965-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027965-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027966-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1887 saw the reelection of Hugh O'Brien to a fourth consecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027967-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Bourke colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Bourke on 21 January 1887 because of the resignation of both the sitting members, Russell Barton, and William Sawers. The writ however was not returned as Parliament was dissolved on 26 January 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027967-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Bourke colonial by-election, Result\nBoth the sitting members, Russell Barton and William Sawers, resigned. The writ was not returned as the Parliament was dissolved on 26 January.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027967-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Bourke colonial by-election, Aftermath\nThe same 3 candidates contested the election on 22 February. Waddell still headed the poll however Wilson was able to gather enough votes to take the second seat over Willis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027968-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Brooklyn Grays season\nThe 1887 Brooklyn Grays finished the season in sixth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027968-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Brooklyn Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027968-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Brooklyn Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027968-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Brooklyn Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Walks; SO = Strikeouts; CG = Complete games", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027969-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Brooklyn Hill Football Club season\nThe 1887 Brooklyn Hill football team  was an American football team that represented the Brooklyn Hill Football Club. Although they were no longer a member of the local athletic league, the American Football Union, the Hills still managed to play a viable schedule and compiled at least a 0\u20133 record against collegiate and semi-professional opponents. In their match against the Polytechnic Institute in March, the Hills team and a congregation from the Adelphi Academy combined to play the Polys, but still lost 20 to 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027969-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Brooklyn Hill Football Club season, 1887 Brooklyn Heights Football Club schedule\nWhether or not the Brooklyn Heights football club was a separate organization from the Brooklyn Hills team is unknown. There is some evidence though that points to the Heights team as being its own athletic club, and not just another way to describe the hills club, most notably the limited roster differences. Another solution is that the Brooklyn Heights team was a secondary squad for the more prominent Hills team, although no historical newspapers can substantiate this theory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027970-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Bucknell football team\nThe 1887 Bucknell football team represented the Bucknell University during the 1887 college football season. Bucknell played in two games, losing both to Penn State. They did not score a single point in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027971-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Bulgarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 9 October 1887. The People's Liberal Party led by Stefan Stambolov won a large majority, taking 260 of the 292 seats in the National Assembly, whilst the three opposition parties led by Petko Karavelov, Vasil Radoslavov and Dragan Tsankov won 32 between them. All three opposition party leaders lost their seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027971-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Bulgarian parliamentary election\nVoter turnout was only around 33%, with only 3,039 votes cast in Sofia. Thirty people died in violence related to the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027972-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1887 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1887 college football season. The team competed as an independent, without a head coach, and compiled a record of 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027973-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Canadian federal election\nThe 1887 Canadian federal election was held on February 22, 1887, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 6th Parliament of Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027973-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Canadian federal election\nThe Conservative Party of Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald  retained power, defeating the Liberal Party of Edward Blake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027973-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Canadian federal election, National results\n* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027974-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Cardiff Town Council election\nThe 1887 Cardiff Town Council election was held on Tuesday 1 November 1887 to elect councillors to Cardiff Town Council in Cardiff, Glamorgan, Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027974-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Cardiff Town Council election\nThese were to be the penultimate all-Cardiff elections before the creation of the county borough in 1889. The previous elections were in November 1886 and the final town council elections were to take place on 1 November 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027974-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Cardiff Town Council election\nThe election saw the Liberals gain an extra four seats in Cardiff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027974-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Cardiff Town Council election, Background\nCardiff Town Council had been created in 1836. Elections were held annually, though not all council seats were included in each contest, because the six councillors in each ward stood down for election in three-yearly rotation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027974-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Cardiff Town Council election, Background\nThe council consisted of 30 councillors who were elected by the town's voters and ten aldermen who were elected by the councillors. Ten seats were up for election in November 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027974-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Cardiff Town Council election, Overview of the result\nContests took place in four of the five Cardiff electoral wards in November 1887. In the East ward the two councillors were elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027974-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 Cardiff Town Council election, Overview of the result\nThe weather was exceptionally poor on polling day, but the South Wales Echo reported a strong turnout of the town's Irish voters. There was also noticeably strong campaigning by the Liberal Party, with many carriages made available to transport 'lady voters' to the polling booths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027974-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 Cardiff Town Council election, Overview of the result, Council composition\nThe Liberal Party saw an increase of four seats, which made the composition of the council immediately following these elections as Conservatives 20, Liberals 19. There was one vacant alderman seat following the death of Alderman Jones. Whoever filled the post could affect the balance of the council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027974-0008-0000", "contents": "1887 Cardiff Town Council election, Ward results, Roath\nIn such a large ward there was only one polling station, in the schoolroom in Metal Street, but interest was much stronger than normal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027974-0009-0000", "contents": "1887 Cardiff Town Council election, Ward results, South\nSouth had been regarded as a Conservative stronghold. However, with a 79% turnout and with Irish voters supporting the Liberals almost exclusively, the retiring Conservative councillors lost their seats. New councillor Beavan had stood unsuccessfully in November 1886 (previously representing the Canton ward).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027974-0010-0000", "contents": "1887 Cardiff Town Council election, Ward results, West\nThere was considerable interest in the West ward election (with very large crowds at the results) because there had been no contest in the ward for many years. Mr Proger had represented the ward for nine years without having to fight a contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027975-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Central Cumberland colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Central Cumberland on 24 December 1887 because of the resignation of Andrew McCulloch (Free Trade) due to insolvency, having assigned his estate for the benefit of his creditors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027976-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1887 Chicago White Stockings season was the 16th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 12th in the National League and the 3rd at the first West Side Park. The White Stockings finished third in the National League with a record of 71\u201350.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027976-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027976-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027976-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027976-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027976-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027977-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Chicago mayoral election\nThe Chicago mayoral election of 1887 saw Republican John A. Roche win by a landslide, receiving more than a two-thirds majority of the vote, defeating Socialist Robert S. Nelson by more than 36 points (a margin of victory which was itself greater than Nelson's vote share).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027977-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Chicago mayoral election, Lack of Democratic nominee\nIncumbent Democrat Carter Harrison Sr. had opted to retire as mayor. Harrison had lost the backing of his party. This came amid declining public support for Harrison. Among other reasons, Harrison had lost the Party's backing were his handling of the Haymarket Riot and his failure to receive the endorsement of the United Labor Party (which he had attempted to convince to support him in the fusion ticket with the Democrats). His handling of the Haymarket affair also harmed his standing with business groups. Another factor in his decision to not seek reelection was election scandals relating to charges brought against individuals of election fraud which, while having little to do with Harrison's own personal conduct, were still prospectively damaging to his chances of victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 843]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027977-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Chicago mayoral election, Lack of Democratic nominee\nThe Democratic Party nominated DeWitt Clinton Cregier, who refused their nomination. After this, and despite his declared intent to retire, they attempted to nominate Harrison, who also refused their nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027977-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nRoche was regarded by many Democrats to be the lesser of two evils. Behind-the-scenes, Roche received unlikely support from such Democrats at Michael Cassius McDonald. Incumbent Harrison, while not backing either candidate, dismissed many Democrats' worries about the prospect of a Nelson mayoralty, and also cautioned that a Roche election could spur the passage of additional blue laws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027977-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Chicago mayoral election, Results\nRoche received a roughly 27,000-vote margin-of-victory, at the time the greatest in the city's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027978-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Cincinnati Red Stockings season\nThe 1887 Cincinnati Red Stockings season was a season in American baseball. The team finished in second place in the American Association with a record of 81\u201345, 14 games behind the St. Louis Browns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027978-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nFollowing a horrible 1886 season, in which the Red Stockings finished under .500 for the first time in team history, the team hired Gus Schmelz to become the new manager. Schmelz managed the St. Louis Maroons of the National League in 1886 to a 43\u201379 record. He also managed the Columbus Buckeyes of the American Association in 1883, leading them to a 69\u201339 record and a second-place finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027978-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nCincinnati signed George Tebeau to his first professional contract, and acquired Hugh Nicol from the St. Louis Browns in a trade with sent Jack Boyle and $350 to the Browns. Nicol hit .206 with 19 RBI and 38 stolen bases, as well as scoring 44 runs in 67 games in 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027978-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nJohn Reilly had a great season, as he hit .306 with a team high ten home runs and had 96 RBI, as well as 50 stolen bases. Pop Corkhill led the club with a .311 batting average, and his 97 RBI tied him with Frank Fennelly for the team high. Nicol led the American Association with 138 stolen bases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027978-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nOn the mound, nineteen-year-old Mike Smith emerged as the ace of the staff, as he had a 34\u201317 record and a league best 2.94 ERA in 52 starts. Tony Mullane also had a solid season, as he had a 31\u201317 record with a 3.24 ERA in 48 starts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027978-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season, Season summary\nThe Red Stockings got off to a fast start, winning their first five games, however, Cincinnati lost six of their next seven games to fall to 6\u20136. The team hovered around the .500 level, as they had a 21\u201322 record after 43 games, before winning nine of ten to rise up to third place with a 30\u201323 record. After going 3\u20136 in their next nine games, Cincinnati had a season-high ten-game winning streak. However, they remained in third place, 8.5 games behind the St. Louis Browns. The Red Stockings continued to play good baseball for the remainder of the season, as they finished the year in second place with a record of 81\u201354, fourteen games behind the first-place Browns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 68], "content_span": [69, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027978-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 81], "content_span": [82, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027978-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027978-0008-0000", "contents": "1887 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027978-0009-0000", "contents": "1887 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 77], "content_span": [78, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027979-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Cincinnati football team\nThe 1887 Cincinnati football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1887 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20130 record. Henry Bettman was the team captain. The team had no head coach and played its home games at Union Ball Park in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027980-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Cleveland Blues season\nThe 1887 Cleveland Blues baseball team finished with a 39\u201392 record, last in the American Association during their debut season. Organized by streetcar tycoon Frank Robison, the team played its home games at National League Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027980-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027980-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027980-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027980-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027981-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Colonial Conference\nThe 1887 Colonial Conference met in London in 1887 on the occasion of Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee. It was organised at the behest of the Imperial Federation League in hopes of creating closer ties between the colonies and the United Kingdom. It was attended by more than 100 delegates, mostly unofficial observers, from both self-governing and dependent colonies. India, however, was not represented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027981-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Colonial Conference\nAmong other things discussed, the colonies in Australia and New Zealand agreed to pay \u00a3126,000 per annum towards the Royal Navy to help pay for the United Kingdom's naval deployments in the Pacific. In exchange, the British government agreed not to reduce its Pacific Station without colonial consent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027981-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Colonial Conference\nA proposal to lay a telegraph cable between Vancouver and Australia was approved. A Resolution to extend the Queen's title to \"Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Colonies, and all Dependencies thereof, and Empress of India\" was also adopted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027981-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Colonial Conference\nThe conference was only a deliberative body and resolutions passed were not binding. While this was the case and the conference itself was not established by law, it was seen as a formal step in the process of consultation concerning imperial policy and legislation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027981-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Colonial Conference, Participants\nThe conference was hosted by Queen Victoria, Empress of India and her Prime Minister, Lord Salisbury, with Sir Henry Thurston Holland (Secretary of State for the Colonies) acting as chair and the Premiers and other representatives of various colonies as delegates. The colonies invited to send delegates were Newfoundland Colony, Canada, Colony of New South Wales, Colony of Tasmania, Cape of Good Hope, South Australia, the Colony of New Zealand, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, and Natal Colony. Various other colonies were invited to send representatives to the opening ceremonies but not participate as delegates. William A. Baillie-Hamilton, the Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, acted as Secretary to the Conference. The delegates were only able to agree on the most general programs towards closer cooperation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 893]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027981-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Colonial Conference, Participants\nIn his opening address, Lord Salisbury cited the importance of mutual defense but also maintained his opposition to the creation of a federation, deeming it impractical. He explained that attempts at constitution-making is not feasible because such imperial federation could not conduct its affairs from one center. Some colonies also threatened to boycott debates about such measure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom\nThe 1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom was a legal document prepared by anti-monarchists to strip the Hawaiian monarchy of much of its authority, initiating a transfer of power to American, European and native Hawaiian elites. It became known as the Bayonet Constitution for the use of intimidation by the armed militia which forced King Kal\u0101kaua to sign it or be deposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Rebellion of 1887\nOn June 30, 1887, a meeting of residents including the armed militia of the Honolulu Rifles, a group of white soldiers that were secretly the Hawaiian League\u2019s military arm, and politicians who were members of the Reform Party of the Hawaiian Kingdom, demanded from King Kal\u0101kaua the dismissal of his Cabinet, headed by the controversial Walter M. Gibson. Their concerns about Gibson stemmed from the fact that he supported the king's authority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Rebellion of 1887\nThe meeting was called to order by Sanford B. Dole (cousin of then 9-year-old James Dole) and chaired by Peter Cushman Jones, the president of the largest sugarcane plantation agency in Hawaii. The Hawaiian League and Americans controlled a vast majority of the Hawaiian Kingdom's wealth. Lorrin A. Thurston, the main instigator of the subsequent overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, prepared a list of demands to the king. The meeting also insisted a new constitution be written.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Rebellion of 1887\nOn the next morning, July 1, 1887, a shipment of arms was discovered from a neutral Australian ship (later found to be smooth-bore hunting guns used to scare birds from farmers' fields). The Honolulu Rifles took control and arrested and almost hanged Gibson. Kal\u0101kaua called in US Minister George W. Merrill, and the British, French, Portuguese, and Japanese representatives and requested help, but they all suggested that he should comply with any demands, which he did.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Rebellion of 1887\nThurston then became the powerful interior minister although Englishman William Lowthian Green was nominally head of the Cabinet as Minister of Finance. Gibson was later exiled to San Francisco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Rebellion of 1887\nOver less than a week, the new constitution was drafted by a group of lawyers, including Thurston, Dole, William Ansel Kinney, William Owen Smith, George Norton Wilcox, and Edward Griffin Hitchcock. All were also associated with the Hawaiian League, which had explicitly wanted the end of the kingdom and its annexation by the United States since its inception.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Rebellion of 1887\nKal\u0101kaua signed the document July 6, 1887, despite arguments over the scope of the changes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Rebellion of 1887\nIt stripped the king of most of his personal authority, empowering the legislature and cabinet of the government. It has since become widely known as the \"Bayonet Constitution\" because of the threat of force used to gain Kal\u0101kaua's cooperation. While Thurston and Dole denied this use of coercion and threats, Queen Liliuokalani asserted that Kal\u0101kaua's life was threatened: \"He signed that constitution under absolute compulsion.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0008-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Rebellion of 1887\nThe new constitution was never ratified in the Hawaiian Kingdom's legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0009-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Provisions\nThe 1887 constitution replaced the previous absolute veto, allowed to the king, to one that two-thirds of the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom could override.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0010-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Provisions\nIt also took away the power of the king to act without the consent of his cabinet and gave the legislature, which was controlled by the white Americans by this time, the power to dismiss the cabinet instead of the king. It also removed language from the 1864 constitution implying that the king was above the law, replacing it with language that the king was required to obey his laws to the level of his subjects.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0010-0001", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Provisions\nThe cabinet was now allowed to vote in the legislature, but to reduce the king's influence, he was not allowed to appoint legislators to any other government post. The legislature also gained the authority to imprison those that disrespected, published false reports or comments about or threatened or assaulted any of its members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0011-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Provisions\nThe constitution also removed the monarch's power to appoint members of the House of Nobles (the upper house of the legislature), instead making it a body elected by the wealthy landowners to six-year terms and enlarging it to 40 members. Qualifications to serve as a noble or representative now came to include high property and income requirements as well, which stripped almost all of the native population of the ability to serve in the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0012-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Provisions\nThe 1887 constitution had also attempted to limit profligate spending, which had become a problem under Kal\u0101kaua's reign, namely with the costly construction and maintenance of Iolani Palace. The constitution stipulated that the King was required to appoint a Minister of Finance to oversee government spending and submit an annual budget proposal to the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0013-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Provisions\nThe 1887 constitution made significant changes to voting requirements. It allowed foreign resident aliens to vote, not just naturalized citizens. Asians, including subjects who previously enjoyed the right to vote, were specifically denied suffrage. Hawaiian, American, and European males were granted full voting rights only if they met the economic and literacy thresholds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0014-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Provisions\nThe 1864 constitution required that voters generate annual income of at least US$75 (equivalent to US$1241 in 2021) or own private property worth at least US$150 (equivalent to $2482 in 2021). The wealth requirements were removed during the short reign of Lunalilo in 1874. That change extended voter eligibility to many more Hawaiians and was kept for the lower house.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0015-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Provisions\nHowever, the 1887 constitution required an income of $600 (equivalent to US$17282 in 2021) or taxable property of US$3000 (equivalent to $86411 in 2021) to vote for the upper house (or serve in it). That excluded an estimated two-thirds of the Hawaiian population. Disproportionately it was white males, wealthy from the sugar industry, who retained suffrage with the Bayonet Constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0016-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Provisions\nAllocating the government's power to the Cabinet and then promptly appointing their members to the Cabinet, and securing the disenfranchisement of their opposition, the Hawaiian League seized complete control over the Hawaiian Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0017-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Provisions\nThe Bayonet Constitution was the first great implement in the decline of the monarchy. Though it did not depose the King, it did place considerable limitations on his power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027982-0018-0000", "contents": "1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Native Hawaiian response\nImmediately after the adoption of the Bayonet Constitution, the Native Hawaiian population of the Hawaiian Kingdom sought to restore King Kal\u0101kaua's power and authority. A committee of Hawaiians met with Kal\u0101kaua to discuss dismantling the constitution because the king signed it under duress. According to Thurston, Kal\u0101kaua even defended the constitution to protesting natives. Queen Liliuokalani affirmed that he was threatened with violence should he attempt to undo the new constitution. She also listed several petitions from natives that pleaded for a new constitution. Out of 9,500 registered voters, 6,500 signed the petitions. Since the majority of the population supported a new constitution, Queen Liliuokalani proposed one in January 1893. In response, the Hawaiian League overthrew her monarchy and took control of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 67], "content_span": [68, 909]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027983-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1887 Cork Senior Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 30 January 1887. The championship began on 6 March 1887 and ended on 10 July 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027983-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Cork Senior Football Championship\nOn 10 July 1887, Lees won the championship following a 0-04 to 0-01 defeat of Lisgoold in the final at Cork Park. The club subsequently represented Cork in the 1887 All-Ireland Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027983-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Cork Senior Football Championship, Participation\nAll clubs in County Cork were invited to participate in the inaugural championship. The closing date for entries was 29 January 1887. The cost of entering a team was 2s 6d.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 53], "content_span": [54, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027984-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1887 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 30 January 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027984-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe championship began on 6 March 1887, however the latter stages ended in disarray and were unfinished, however, Cork Nationals were subsequently declared the champions without having to play Passage in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027984-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Cork Senior Hurling Championship, Participation\nAll clubs in County Cork were invited to participate in the inaugural championship. The closing date for entries was 29 January 1887. The cost of entering a team was 2s 6d.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 52], "content_span": [53, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027985-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1887 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1887 college football season. In the first season of intercollegiate football at Cornell, the team compiled a 0\u20132 record, losing games to Union College (10\u201324) and Lehigh University (10\u201338).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027986-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 County Carlow by-election\nThe County Carlow by-election, 1887 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of County Carlow on 24 August 1887. It arose as a result of the death of the sitting member, John Aloysius Blake on 22 May. Eighty-seven-year-old James Patrick Mahon, who had formerly sat in Parliament for the constituencies of Clare and Ennis, was nominated as an Irish Nationalist. No other candidate being nominated, Mahon was elected unopposed. He held the seat until his death four years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027987-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Crescent Athletic Club football team\nThe 1887 Crescent Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Crescent Athletic Club during the 1887 college football season. The 1887 season was Crescent's first as a member of the American Football Union (AFU). The team compiled a 8\u20131 record (6\u20130 against AFU opponents), won the AFU championship, and played its home games at Crescent Athletic Club grounds at Ninth Avenue and Ninth Street in Brooklyn. W. H. Ford was the team captain and center rush.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027987-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Crescent Athletic Club football team\nIn October 1887, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle described the club's origin and purpose: \"The Crescent Club was formed not for the purpose of turning out celebrated athletes and winning prizes, but simply to provide exercise and recreation for its members. . . . The club is composed almost entirely of young men who are engaged in business and have not much time to devote to athletics, and the policy has always been to make it an inexpensive organization and to give the members as much for their money as possible.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027988-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Croatian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections for the Croatian Parliament were held on 17 and 18 June 1887 in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. The People's Party won the elections with 87 out of 110 seats. Elections in 3 districts were suspended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027989-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Danish Folketing election\nIn the Danish Folketing election of 1887, which was held on 28 January 1887, the approximate total votes and the actual seats won were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027990-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Dartmouth football team\nThe 1887 Dartmouth football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1887 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season\nThe 1887 Detroit Wolverines season was a season in American baseball. The team won the 1887 National League pennant, then defeated the St. Louis Browns in the 1887 World Series. The season was the team's seventh since it entered the National League in 1881. It was the first World Series championship for the Detroit Wolverines and the City of Detroit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, Offseason\nOn March 13, after training in Macon, Georgia\u201a the Wolverines began a six-week exhibition tour through the South and Midwest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, The players, Catchers: Charlie Ganzel and Charlie Bennett\nCatching duties were divided between Charlie Ganzel (51 games at catcher) and Charlie Bennett (45 games at catcher). Both were good defensive catchers, though neither hit particularly well. Bennett had a better fielding percentage than Ganzel (.951 to .913), but Ganzel was stronger in range factor (6.78 to 5.64) and fielding runs (9 to 2). Bennett's career in baseball ended when he lost both his legs in a train accident. When the Detroit Tigers opened their new ballpark in 1896, they named it Bennett Park in his honor. It remained Bennett Park until 1912, when the newly built stadium on the same site was named Navin Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 89], "content_span": [90, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, The players, Infield: Brouthers, Dunlap, Rowe, Twitchell and White\nFirst baseman Dan Brouthers was the first of four future Hall of Famers to play for the 1887 Wolverines. Brouthers won five batting titles and seven slugging titles, and his career batting average of .342 is the 9th highest in major league history. Brouthers was a key to the Wolverines offensive output in 1887 as he led the National League in runs (153), doubles (36), extra base hits (68), on-base percentage (.426), times on base (246), and OPS (.988).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 98], "content_span": [99, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0003-0001", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, The players, Infield: Brouthers, Dunlap, Rowe, Twitchell and White\nHe was also among the league leaders with a .338 batting average (3rd in the NL), .562 slugging percentage (2nd in the NL), 20 triples, 12 home runs (5th in the NL), 101 RBIs (4th in the NL), 71 walks (4th in the NL), and an at-bat-to-strikeout ratio of 55.6 (2nd in NL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 98], "content_span": [99, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, The players, Infield: Brouthers, Dunlap, Rowe, Twitchell and White\nThe second baseman duties were split between Fred Dunlap and Hardy Richardson. Dunlap played 65 games at second base but missed two months due to an injury. As a result, Richardson played 64 games at second base in addition to 58 games as the left fielder. Richardson was a big contributor to the 1887 Wolverines, as he hit for a .327 average with 51 extra base hits, 131 runs scored, 178 hits and 94 RBIs. Richardson was also a good fielder both at second base and in left field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 98], "content_span": [99, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, The players, Infield: Brouthers, Dunlap, Rowe, Twitchell and White\nJack Rowe played 124 games at shortstop for the 1887 Wolverines. Rowe was part of \"The Big Four\" (along with Dan Brouthers, Deacon White, and Hardy Richardson) that Detroit owner Fred Stearns purchased from the Buffalo Bisons for $7,000 before the 1886 season. The purchase of four of the best players in baseball all at one time drew wide attention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 98], "content_span": [99, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0005-0001", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, The players, Infield: Brouthers, Dunlap, Rowe, Twitchell and White\nRowe had a big year for the Wolverines, with a .318 batting average, 135 runs scored (2nd in the NL), 171 hits (4th in the NL), 96 RBIs (6th in the NL), 30 extra base hits (7th in the NL), and 239 total bases (9th in the NL). Rowe hit for the cycle for the Wolverines on August 21, 1886. Rowe later suffered a nervous breakdown and died at age 54.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 98], "content_span": [99, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, The players, Infield: Brouthers, Dunlap, Rowe, Twitchell and White\nThird baseman Deacon White was also part of \"The Big Four\" acquired from Buffalo before the 1886 season, and is the second of four future Hall-of-Famers on the team. White won two batting crowns earlier in his career but was 39 years old in 1887. He still hit for a .303 batting average and had 11 triples, 75 RBIs and 20 stolen bases. White was a nonsmoking, Bible-toting, church-going deacon. According to Lee Allen in The National League Story (1961), White was one of the last people to believe that the earth is flat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 98], "content_span": [99, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, The players, Outfield: Thompson, Hanlon, Richardson and Twitchell\nRight fielder Sam Thompson, known as \"Big Sam,\" was the third future Hall of Famer on the 1887 Detroit team. Thompson was in his prime in 1887 and had a tremendous year. He was the National League batting champion with a .372 average, and he also led the league in slugging percentage (.571), hits (203), total bases (311), triples (23), RBIs (166), and runs created (127). His 1887 total of 166 RBIs stood as a major league record for 40 years until Lou Gehrig broke it in 1927. He was No. 2 on the all-time home run list at the time of his retirement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 97], "content_span": [98, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0008-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, The players, Outfield: Thompson, Hanlon, Richardson and Twitchell\nCenter fielder Ned Hanlon was the fourth future Hall of Famer on the 1887 Detroit team. Though inducted into the Hall of Fame based on his later performance as a manager, Hanlon was a good fielding center fielder who had tremendous speed and range. In 1887, he stole 69 bases for the Wolverines. He also hit .291 with seven stolen bases and 4 RBIs in the 1887 World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 97], "content_span": [98, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0009-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, The players, Outfield: Thompson, Hanlon, Richardson and Twitchell\nThe left fielder duties were split between second baseman/outfielder Hardy Richardson, and pitcher/outfielder Larry Twitchell. In addition to pitching 15 games for the Wolverines, Twitchell played 44 games in left field and 9 games in center field. Twitchell had a .333 batting average and collected 51 RBIs in just 264 at bats. In his 15 games as a pitcher, Twitchell had a record of 11\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 97], "content_span": [98, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0010-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, The players, Pitching: Getzien, Baldwin, Weidman, Conway and Twitchell\nThe Wolverines' #1 pitcher in 1887 was Charlie Getzien. Getzien had a record of 29\u201313 for the 1887 team. Getzien started 42 games, pitched 41 complete games, and had an ERA of 3.73. He was among the league leaders in wins, win percentage (.690), inning pitched (366.2), and strikeouts (135). He was also first in the league with 24 home runs allowed. In the 1887 World Series, Getzien had a record of 4\u20132 with a 2.48 ERA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 102], "content_span": [103, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0011-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, The players, Pitching: Getzien, Baldwin, Weidman, Conway and Twitchell\nDetroit's #2 starter was Charles B. \"Lady\" Baldwin. Baldwin played four seasons with the Wolverines. In 1886, Baldwin had a record of 42\u201313 (the most wins ever by a Detroit pitcher) with a 2.24 ERA in 487 innings pitched, striking out 323 of 1936 batters faced. Baldwin also completed 55 of 56 games, seven of which were shutouts. In 1887, Baldwin's appearances were reduced from 56 games to 24, and from 487 innings to 211. He won only 13 games in the regular season for the 1887 Wolverines, but in World Series play, Baldwin pitched 5 complete games for a 4\u20131 record and a 1.50 ERA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 102], "content_span": [103, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0012-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, The players, Pitching: Getzien, Baldwin, Weidman, Conway and Twitchell\nThe Wolverines' #3 pitcher was George Edward \"Stump\" Wiedman. Wiedman led the National League with a 1.80 ERA for Detroit in 1881. In 1887, Wiedman returned to the Wolverines, where he went 13\u20137. By late July, Wiedman fell out of favor with manager William Watkins who considered Wiedman to be a malcontent. The Wolverines sold Wiedman to the New York Metropolitans on August 5, 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 102], "content_span": [103, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0013-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, The players, Pitching: Getzien, Baldwin, Weidman, Conway and Twitchell\nThe Wolverines #4 pitcher was Pete Conway. Despite his 8\u20139 record in 1887, Conway had the lowest ERA (2.90) among the Detroit starters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 102], "content_span": [103, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0014-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, Regular season, Season summary\nThe 1887 Wolverines finished the season with a record of 79\u201345. They outscored their opponents by more than 250 runs\u2014969 to 714. They also led the National League in team batting average, runs scored and slugging. Wolverines batters dominated the National League leader board:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0015-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, Regular season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 69], "content_span": [70, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0016-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, Regular season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 69], "content_span": [70, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0017-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, Regular season, Player stats, Pitching\nNote: G = Games; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0018-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, Regular season, Player stats, Pitching\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0019-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, 1887 World Series, World Series summary\nThe Detroit Wolverines defeated the St. Louis Browns in the 1887 World Series, 10 games to 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0020-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, 1887 World Series, World Series summary\nAfter the Wolverines won the National League pennant, owner Fred Stearns challenged the American Association champion St. Louis Browns. The Wolverines and the Browns would play \"a series of contests for supremacy\" of the baseball world. This early \"world series\" consisted of fifteen games \u2013 played in Pittsburgh, Brooklyn, New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Washington, Baltimore and Chicago, as well as Detroit and St. Louis. The Wolverines claimed their eighth victory \u2013 and thus the championship \u2013 in the eleventh game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0021-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, 1887 World Series, Postseason player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 83], "content_span": [84, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0022-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, 1887 World Series, Postseason player stats, Pitching\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 84], "content_span": [85, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027991-0023-0000", "contents": "1887 Detroit Wolverines season, Awards and honors, Players ranking among top 100 of all time at position\nThe following members of the 1887 Detroit Wolverines are among the Top 100 of all time at their positions, as ranked by The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract in 2001:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 104], "content_span": [105, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027992-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Dublin University by-election\nThe Dublin University, by-election, 1887 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Dublin University on 12 July 1887. It resulted from the resignation of Hugh Holmes, one of the members in this two-seat constituency, following his appointment as a high court judge. Two candidates were nominated: Richard Clere Parsons, an engineer and third son of the Earl of Rosse, and Dodgson Hamilton Madden, a lawyer. Parsons received 436 votes; Madden received 958 and was therefore elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027993-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Dulwich by-election\nThe Dulwich by-election, 1887 was a by-election held on 30 November 1887 for the British House of Commons constituency of Dulwich in South London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027993-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Dulwich by-election\nThe by-election was triggered by the appointment of the serving Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP), John Morgan Howard, as a judge in Cornwall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027993-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Dulwich by-election\nThe Conservative candidate was John Blundell Maple, who had unsuccessfully contested St Pancras South at the 1885 general election. The Liberal candidate was James Henderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027993-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Dulwich by-election\nThe main issue in the by-election was the question of Irish Home Rule, which Henderson, a supporter of Gladstone, supported. The Liberal Unionists in the constituency supported Maple.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027994-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Dutch general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Netherlands on 1 September 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027995-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 English cricket season\n1887 was the 101st season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). Surrey was the leading county for the first time in over twenty years, a status they would retain until 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027995-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 English cricket season, Notable events\nThe driest English cricket season since 1870, combined with improvements to pitches from the heavy roller, allowed for a large number of notable batting feats:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027995-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed. The 1887 season saw an unofficial point system of 1 point for a win and 0.5 points for a draw devised by the \"Cricket Reporting Agency\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027996-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 FA Cup Final\nThe 1887 FA Cup Final was a football match between Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion at the Kennington Oval. It was the final of the sixteenth staging of the FA Cup which saw 124 teams compete for the final. The final was won by Aston Villa with goals coming from Archie Hunter and Hodgetts to give Aston Villa a 2\u20130 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027996-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 FA Cup Final, Route to the Final\nAston Villa's route to the final was a turbulent one, smashing Wednesbury Old Athletic 13\u20130 in the first round, but having to play three replays against Wolverhampton Wanderers. After that, they recovered to make it to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027996-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 FA Cup Final, Route to the Final\nAlthough West Bromwich Albion didn't have any wins nearly as large as Aston Villa's, their path to the final was less turbulent, constantly defeating teams without much variation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027996-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 FA Cup Final, Background\nAston Villa and West Bromwich Albion had already played each other in the FA Cup once, in 1885. They played out a goalless draw, with West Bromwich winning the replay 3\u20130. Although the two clubs have a fierce rivalry, this match was well before the rivalry developed and was probably not even a catalyst for the rivalry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027996-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nAfter defeating the incredibly strong team Preston North End in the semis, West Bromwich began the match as favourites. For forty-five minutes, the Aston Villa defense was besieged. The Albion strikers even attempted to run the goalie over his own goal line. However, the first half ended goalless. In the second half, momentum began to shift Villa's way, as West Brom lost confidence. Finally, Villa broke the deadlock when Archie Hunter fired home, the West Brom goalie not even attempting a save, believing Hunter to be offside. In the final minute, Villa completed the win, with Dennis Hodgetts colliding with West Bromwich Albion goalie Bob Roberts, and poking the ball over the line to make it 2\u20130", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027997-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Forest of Dean by-election\nThe 1887 Forest of Dean by-election was held on 29 July 1887 after the retirement of the incumbent Liberal MP Thomas Blake. The seat was retained by the Liberal candidate Godfrey Blundell Samuelson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027998-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Georgetown football team\nThe 1887 Georgetown football team represented the Georgetown University during the 1887 college football season. Georgetown's official records do not include any games prior to 1887, despite other sources and old media guides showing games for at least three prior seasons. These games mark the Georgetown's first games that took place on campus, as all sources indicate previous matchups were at their opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00027999-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 German federal election\nFederal elections were held in Germany on 21 February 1887. The National Liberal Party became the largest party in the Reichstag by winning 98 of the 397 seats, whilst the Centre Party, formerly the largest party, was reduced to 98 seats. Voter turnout was 77.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028000-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Golden Jubilee Honours\nThe Golden Jubilee Honours for the British Empire were announced on 21 June 1887 to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria on 20 June 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028000-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Golden Jubilee Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028001-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Grand National\nThe 1887 Grand National was the 49th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 25 March 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028002-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Great Chatsworth train wreck\nThe Great Chatsworth train wreck was a major rail accident that occurred late on the night of August 10, 1887, 3 miles (5\u00a0km) east of Chatsworth, Illinois, in the United States. A Toledo, Peoria and Western Railroad (TP&W) train bound for Niagara Falls crossed over a trestle, weakened earlier in the day by a fire, causing it to collapse. In 2007, staff of the McLean County Museum of History wrote that \"the Chatsworth Train Wreck probably ranks as the second- or third-deadliest U.S rail accident in the 19th century.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028002-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Great Chatsworth train wreck, Crash\nThe summer of 1887 had been hot and dry. Fearing that sparks from the steam engines of the trains could ignite brush fires, the TP&W company began performing controlled burns to prevent an uncontrollable brush fire. On the day of the accident, TP&W crews performed a controlled burn near the site of the accident\u2014it is suspected that failure to extinguish the fire resulted in charring of the bridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028002-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Great Chatsworth train wreck, Crash\nThat day, a TP&W train carried vacationers taking advantage of a special offer to visit Niagara Falls. It had picked up passengers all along the TP&W line as far back as Iowa, and left Peoria, Illinois around 8 p.m.: Two steam engines pulled six fully-loaded wooden passenger cars, six sleeper cars, and three luggage cars. It travelled east through Eureka and Chenoa, and did not stop at Chatsworth. Just before the accident site, the coach accelerated down a slope, reaching 40 miles per hour (64\u00a0km/h). The first engine successfully crossed the weakened bridge as it collapsed; the second engine crashed into the side of the hill, while each following passenger car telescoped into the next. Sleeper cars attached to the rear of the train halted just short of the bridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028002-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Great Chatsworth train wreck, Crash\nThe disaster immediately made national news, including almost half of the front page of The New York Times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028002-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Great Chatsworth train wreck, Crash\nFour days later, the TP&W gathered together the remaining wreckage and set it on fire. The crash resulted in the increased use of steel in passenger cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028002-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Great Chatsworth train wreck, Historical marker\nIn 1954, the state of Illinois placed a historical marker, along U.S. Route 24, commemorating the event. The marker has the following text:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028002-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 Great Chatsworth train wreck, Historical marker\nThe Chatsworth Wreck - Midnight, August 10\u201311, 1887 - One half mile north on the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroad occurred one of the worst wrecks in American rail history. An excursion train - two engines and approximately twenty wooden coaches - from Peoria to Niagara Falls, struck a burning culvert. Of the 500 passengers about 85 perished and scores were injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028003-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 4 January 1887. Supporters of Charilaos Trikoupis emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, with 90 of the 150 seats. Following the election Trikoupis remained Prime Minister, having assumed office on 21 May 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028004-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Halloween tropical storm\nThe 1887 Halloween tropical storm was a late-season tropical cyclone that caused significant damage along the East Coast of the United States during Halloween of 1887. The sixteenth tropical storm of the annual hurricane season, it formed from an area of disturbed weather over the Gulf of Mexico on October\u00a029. The storm later came ashore along the west coast of Florida. After crossing the state, it produced severe thunderstorms along the North Carolina\u2013Virginia coastline before becoming extratropical on November\u00a01. The extratropical system intensified into the equivalent of a Category\u00a01 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir\u2013Simpson Hurricane Scale. It eventually dissipated on November\u00a06, shortly after hitting northwest France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028004-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Halloween tropical storm\nThe storm affected the town of Norfolk, where it became the most damaging storm since 1879. Despite the damage inland, the storm is best known for the unusually high number of shipwrecks and maritime incidents it caused. One ship, a schooner called the Manantico, capsized, killing the captain and one of its crew members. Three other ships were driven ashore on Virginia beaches from Dam Rock to Cape Henry, and numerous others were put in danger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028004-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Halloween tropical storm, Meteorological history\nThe storm originated from an area of disturbed weather that had persisted in the Gulf of Mexico during late October 1887, outside the area of coastal stations. On October\u00a029, the disturbance completed tropical cyclogenesis and became the sixteenth tropical storm of the season. After forming, the storm was located 200 miles (320\u00a0km) northwest of Key West and began moving east-northeastward, making landfall on the Florida Peninsula. It crossed land and emerged over water within the next eight hours while weakening.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028004-0002-0001", "contents": "1887 Halloween tropical storm, Meteorological history\nDuring its passage near Fort Meade, the storm had an estimated barometric pressure of 1,007 millibars (29.7\u00a0inHg), supporting minimal tropical storm strength. Upon crossing the state, it paralleled the East Coast for two days while restrengthening. It passed closest to land near the North Carolina coastline on October\u00a031 at its peak intensity, with sustained winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) and a pressure of 993 millibars (29.3\u00a0inHg). Shortly after moving away from land, it became extratropical.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028004-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Halloween tropical storm, Meteorological history\nThe extratropical cyclone moved away from the coast and strengthened to the equivalent of a Category\u00a01 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale on November\u00a01. It began a weakening trend on November\u00a02 while taking a wavering path across the north Atlantic Ocean. On November\u00a04, the cyclone started a general east-southeast motion, passing near the southwest coasts of Ireland and Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028004-0003-0001", "contents": "1887 Halloween tropical storm, Meteorological history\nIt made landfall on the Cotentin Peninsula of France on November\u00a06 and dissipated, although one proposed track, which is a modified track that differs from the official record due to new evidence or theory, was given by Charles Mitchell that showed the cyclone executing a counter-clockwise loop over northwest France until dissipating the storm on November\u00a08.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028004-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Halloween tropical storm, Impact\nIn its formative stages, the storm was responsible for causing rain from the Rio Grande Valley along the Gulf Coast to Florida. As the storm crossed Florida, Fort Meade recorded less than 1\u00a0in (2.5\u00a0cm) of rainfall. As it  strengthened off the East Coast, the storm caused damage in various towns. A maximum wind speed of 54\u00a0mph (87\u00a0km/h) was measured at Hatteras, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028004-0004-0001", "contents": "1887 Halloween tropical storm, Impact\nIn Kitty Hawk, impact from the storm was more intense, generating maximum winds of 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h) to as high as 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) from late on October\u00a030 to the following afternoon; despite the intensity, only minor damage was reported. In Lenoir and Raleigh, heavy rain totals up to 4.18\u00a0in (10.6\u00a0cm) were reported. Unusually, reports of hail and snow were also received from these locations. Telegraph poles were snapped on Bodie Island and south of Little Kinnakeet, affecting communication. The worst land-based impact from the storm was in Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028004-0004-0002", "contents": "1887 Halloween tropical storm, Impact\nCape Henry was hit with a combination of wind, rain, and blown sand on October\u00a031 and communications between Cape Henry and Norfolk were lost. In Norfolk, the storm was the longest-lasting and most damaging since the Great Beaufort Hurricane of 1879. The storm conditions made beaches in the area so hazardous that they were watched day and night. Effects from the storm reached as far north as Provincetown, Massachusetts, where winds of 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h) were recorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028004-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Halloween tropical storm, Impact\nDespite causing damage along the East Coast, the storm is best known for causing a record number of maritime incidents. Numerous ships were caught in the storm from October\u00a030, when the steamship Claribel reported gale-force winds, to November\u00a06, when another steamship, the Australia, reported stormy weather. One ship, the brig Osseo, was caught in the storm on November\u00a01 and became flooded. Although the pumps were manned, the water level inside the ship soon reached 4\u00a0ft (1.2\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028004-0005-0001", "contents": "1887 Halloween tropical storm, Impact\nAfter being carried away by a wave, the distressed ship was spotted by the Camalia, which rescued the crew and brought them to port. Another vessel, the Wyonoka, spotted a sunken schooner with its five crew grasping the mast and ropes: they were also rescued. In addition, four ships were deemed total losses after being beached in Virginia. The first was the Mary D. Cranmer, which was ripped from its cables and stranded near Cape Henry. Shortly after the rescue of the crew of the Cranmer another ship, the Carrie Holmes, was found beached. The ship had been driven so far up the beach that its crew were able to jump and wade to safety.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028004-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 Halloween tropical storm, Impact\nA third ship, the Manantico also crashed into shore due to a combination of the storm and human error in which the captain confused Cape Henry with Cape Charles after spotting another schooner. The Manantico was also where the two deaths associated with the storm occurred. The first was when a cook on the ship was crushed to death by the cargo of lumber being hauled by the ship. The ship was then pushed towards a sand bar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028004-0006-0001", "contents": "1887 Halloween tropical storm, Impact\nThe captain, who had stayed high on the starboard side for safety, began climbing down to slip the ship cables, but the ship made a sudden stop. This flung the captain into the water, and he drowned. Both bodies were found after the storm and were very disfigured. The captain was sent to Middletown, Connecticut for interment while the body of the cook was buried on the beach. The final ship was the Harriet Thomas, which was the schooner spotted by the Manantico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028004-0006-0002", "contents": "1887 Halloween tropical storm, Impact\nAfter beaching, the crew managed to get a rope to shore where fishermen had tied the other end. The crew were able to climb ashore, although the captain had to be rescued via alternate means due to being too heavy for this method. The ship was written off as a $7000 (1887 USD) loss. Although all four ships were beached, due to the loss of communications, only one wreck \u2013 that of the Mary D. Cranmer \u2013 was reported in the Norfolk Virginian newspaper. As a result, news of the two deaths from the Manantico were initially unreported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028005-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1887 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1887 college football season. They finished with a 10\u20131 record. In the first 10 games of the season, the Crimson outscored opponents 652 to 6. The sole loss came in the final game on November 24, 1887, a 17-8 loss against Yale in New York, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028006-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Heathcote by-election\nThe 1887 Heathcote by-election was a by-election held on 8 February in the Heathcote electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028006-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Heathcote by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent, John Coster on 17 December 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028006-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Heathcote by-election\nHis opponent Aaron Ayers, the Mayor of Christchurch was expected to win the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028007-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Home Nations Championship\nThe 1887 Home Nations Championship was the fifth series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Six matches were played between 8 January and 12 March. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028007-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Home Nations Championship\nScotland won the championship outright for the first time, having shared the title with England in 1886; George Campbell Lindsay scored five tries against Wales, a record which still stands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028007-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Home Nations Championship, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028007-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England\nWales: Harry Bowen (Llanelli), Charles Taylor (Blackheath), Arthur Gould (Newport), Charlie Newman (Newport) capt., Billy Douglas (Cardiff), Jem Evans (Cardiff), Albert Hybart (Cardiff), Bob Gould (Newport), Alexander Bland (Cardiff), William Bowen (Swansea), D Morgan (Swansea), Edward Alexander (Cambridge Uni. ), Tom Clapp (Newport), Willie Thomas (Llandovery), Thomas William Lockwood (Newport)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028007-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England\nEngland: Samuel Roberts (Swinton), Richard Lockwood (Dewsbury), Rawson Robertshaw (Bradford), John Le Fleming (Blackheath), Alan Rotherham (Richmond) capt., Fred Bonsor (Bradford), Robert Seddon (Broughton Rangers), WG Clibbon (Richmond), CR Cleveland (Oxford Uni. ), GL Jeffery (Blackheath), Lawrie Hickson (Bradford), JH Dewhurst (Cambridge Uni. ), Edgar Wilkinson (Bradford), N Spurling (Blackheath), HC Baker (Clifton)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028007-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. England\nIreland: Dolway Walkington (NIFC), CR Tillie (Dublin Uni. ), DF Rambaut (Dublin Uni. ), R Montgomery (Cambridge University), JH McLaughlin (Derry), RG Warren (Lansdowne) capt., Victor Le Fanu (Cambridge University), Thomas Lyle (Dublin Uni. ), EJ Walsh (Lansdowne), JS Dick (Queen's College, Cork), R Stevenson (Lisburn), J Macauley (Limerick), J Chambers (Dublin Uni. ), J Johnston (Belfast Albion), HJ Neill (NIFC)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028007-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. England\nEngland: S Roberts (Swinton), RE Lockwood (Dewsbury), A St L Fagan (United Hospitals), WN Bolton (Blackheath), A Rotherham (Richmond) capt., Mason Scott (Cambridge Uni. ), Robert Seddon (Broughton Rangers), WG Clibbon (Richmond), CJB Marriott (Blackheath), GL Jeffery (Blackheath), JL Hickson (Bradford), JH Dewhurst (Cambridge Uni. ), AT Kemble (Liverpool), FE Pease (Hartlepool Rovers), A Teggin (Broughton Rangers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028007-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nIreland: JM O'Sullivan (Cork), CR Tillie (Dublin Uni. ), DF Rambaut (Dublin Uni. ), R Montgomery (Cambridge University), JH McLaughlin (Derry), RG Warren (Lansdowne) capt., CM Moore (Dublin Uni. ), Thomas Lyle (Dublin Uni. ), EJ Walsh (Lansdowne), JS Dick (Queen's College, Cork), R Stevenson (Lisburn), J Macauley (Limerick), J Chambers (Dublin Uni. ), J Johnston (Belfast Albion), HJ Neill (NIFC)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028007-0008-0000", "contents": "1887 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nScotland: WF Holmes (London Scottish), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish), DJ McFarlan (London Scottish), AN Woodrow (Glasgow Acads), PH Don Wauchope (Fettesian-Lorettonians), CE Orr (West of Scotland),  Robert MacMillan (West of Scotland), AT Clay (Edinburgh Acads), J French (Glasgow Acads), TW Irvine (Edinburgh Acads), WC McEwan  (Edinburgh Acads), CW Berry (Edinburgh Wanderers), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads) capt., HT Ker (Glasgow Acads), DS Morton (West of Scotland)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028007-0009-0000", "contents": "1887 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales\nScotland: AWC Cameron (Watsonians), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish), GC Lindsay (London Scottish), AN Woodrow (Glasgow Acads), PH Don Wauchope (Fettesian-Lorettonians), CE Orr (West of Scotland),  Robert MacMillan (West of Scotland), AT Clay (Edinburgh Acads), J French (Glasgow Acads), TW Irvine (Edinburgh Acads), WC McEwan  (Edinburgh Acads), CW Berry (Edinburgh Wanderers), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads) capt., HT Ker (Glasgow Acads), DS Morton (West of Scotland)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028007-0010-0000", "contents": "1887 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales\nWales: Hugh Hughes (Cardiff), David Gwynn (Swansea), Arthur Gould (Newport), George Bowen (Swansea), Billy Douglas (Cardiff), Jem Evans (Cardiff), William Williams (Cardiff), Bob Gould (Newport) capt., Alexander Bland (Cardiff), William Bowen (Swansea), D Morgan (Swansea), Evan Richards (Swansea), Tom Clapp (Newport), Willie Thomas (Llandovery), Thomas William Lockwood (Newport)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028007-0011-0000", "contents": "1887 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nEngland: HB Tristram (Richmond), RE Lockwood (Dewsbury), R Robertshaw (Bradford), WN Bolton (Blackheath), A Rotherham (Richmond) capt., F Bonsor (Bradford), Robert Seddon (Broughton Rangers), WG Clibbon (Richmond), CR Cleveland (Oxford Uni. ), GL Jeffery (Blackheath), JL Hickson (Bradford), JH Dewhurst (Cambridge Uni. ), E Wilkinson (Bradford), HH Springman (Liverpool), A Teggin (Broughton Rangers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028007-0012-0000", "contents": "1887 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nScotland: WF Holmes (London Scottish), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish), GC Lindsay (London Scottish), AN Woodrow (Glasgow Acads), PH Don Wauchope (Fettesian-Lorettonians), CE Orr (West of Scotland),  Robert MacMillan (West of Scotland), AT Clay (Edinburgh Acads), J French (Glasgow Acads), TW Irvine (Edinburgh Acads), WC McEwan  (Edinburgh Acads), CW Berry (Edinburgh Wanderers), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads) capt., HT Ker (Glasgow Acads), DS Morton (West of Scotland)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028007-0013-0000", "contents": "1887 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Ireland\nWales: Samuel Clark (Neath), Charles Taylor (Blackheath), Arthur Gould (Newport), George Bowen (Swansea), John Goulstone Lewis (Llanelli), William Stadden (Cardiff), William Williams (Cardiff), Evan Roberts (Llanelli), Alexander Bland (Cardiff), William Bowen (Swansea), D Morgan (Swansea), Edward Alexander (Cambridge Uni. ), Tom Clapp (Newport) capt., William Towers (Swansea), Thomas William Lockwood (Newport)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028007-0014-0000", "contents": "1887 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Ireland\nIreland: Dolway Walkington (NIFC), Maxwell Carpendale (Monkstown), DF Rambaut (Dublin Uni. ), R Montgomery (Cambridge University), PJ O'Connor (Lansdowne), RG Warren (Lansdowne) capt., Victor Le Fanu (Cambridge University), T Taggart (Dublin Uni. ), EJ Walsh (Lansdowne), JS Dick (Queen's College, Cork), R Stevenson (Lisburn), W Davison (Belfast Academy), J Chambers (Dublin Uni. ), J Johnston (Belfast Albion), HJ Neill (NIFC)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028008-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Honduran presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Honduras on 28 February 1887. The result was a victory for the incumbent president Luis Bogr\u00e1n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028008-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Honduran presidential election, Background\nIn January Bogr\u00e1n convened a council of notables to discuss a potential successor. Despite stating that he was opposed to the idea of re-election in his opening speech, a majority of the members of the council requested he contest the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028008-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Honduran presidential election, Background\nBogr\u00e1n's main opponent was former president C\u00e9leo Arias, who was supported by Policarpo Bonilla.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028008-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Honduran presidential election, Results\nThe election was described as \"one of the freest, least violent, and perhaps even fairest ballotings in the country\u2019s history\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028009-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Hungarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Hungary between 17 and 26 July 1887. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 263 of the 413 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028009-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Hungarian parliamentary election\nViolence during the election campaign resulted in the death of nine men and twelve people being seriously injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028010-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Ilkeston by-election\nThe 1887 Ilkeston by-election was held on 24 March 1887 after the death of the incumbent Liberal MP Thomas Watson. The election was won by the Liberal candidate, Sir Balthazar Walter Foster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028011-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1887 Indiana Hoosiers football team was an American football team that represented Indiana University Bloomington during the 1887 college football season. In its first season of intercollegiate football, economics professor Arthur B. Woodford served as the school's football coach, and fullback Harry Wise was the team's captain. Indiana played one game, arranged by the Indianapolis Athletic Club as part of a series of \"rugby games of foot ball\" intended to establish the college championship of Indiana. Indiana was matched against the team from Franklin College with the game set for October 15, 1887. In a game played at Athletic Park in Indianapolis, Franklin won, 10\u20138. The roster of Indiana's 1887 football team included Thomas M. Honan, who later served as the State of Indiana's Attorney General, W. E. Jenkins, who became the Indiana University librarian, and George B. Davis, of Greensburg, Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 951]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028012-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Indianapolis Hoosiers season\nThe 1887 Indianapolis Hoosiers finished with a 37\u201389 record in the National League, finishing in last place in their first season in Indianapolis. They had played the previous three seasons in St. Louis, Missouri as the Maroons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028012-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Offseason\nFollowing the 1886 season, the Maroons franchise was purchased by the National League and subsequently sold to John T. Brush. On March 8, the Hoosiers additionally purchased a number of players who were under league control. Technically, these players were purchased from the Maroons franchise. Among these players were Henry Boyle, John Cahill, Jerry Denny, Jack Glasscock, Egyptian Healy, John Kirby, Jack McGeachey, George Myers, Otto Schomberg and Emmett Seery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028012-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028012-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028012-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028012-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028012-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028013-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Invercargill mayoral by-election\nThe 1887 Invercargill mayoral by-election was held on 10 June 1887 to fill the vacancy left by the resignation of David Roche. Aaron Blacke had been appointed mayor by the council, but this was not done in strict accordance with the law, and Blacke is not included in official lists of Mayors of Invercargill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028014-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Invercargill mayoral election\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Schwede66 (talk | contribs) at 23:00, 19 November 2019 (tidy up). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028014-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1887 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 30 November 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028014-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe candidates were the same as at the by-election earlier in the year. Edwin Alfred Tapper was re-elected with an increased majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028015-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Iowa Senate election\nIn the 1887 Iowa State Senate elections Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the twenty-second Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 32 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028015-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Iowa Senate election\nA statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the 1887 elections is provided by the Iowa General Assembly", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028015-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 31 seats to Democrats' 19 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028015-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 7 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028015-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1887 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 32 seats, Democrats having 16 seats, and two Independents (a net gain of 1 seat for Republicans and 2 seats for Independents).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028016-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1887 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1887. Incumbent Republican William Larrabee defeated Democratic nominee T. J. Anderson with 50.18% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028017-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1887 Kentucky Derby was the 13th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 11, 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028018-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Kentucky gubernatorial election\nThe 1887 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on August 1, 1887. Democratic nominee Simon Bolivar Buckner defeated Republican nominee William O'Connell Bradley with 50.70% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028019-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Kiama colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Kiama on 13 January 1887 because of the resignation of Harman Tarrant, due to the pressures of his professional practice as a surgeon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028019-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Kiama colonial by-election, Candidates\nThis by-election was at the emergence of political parties in New South Wales. Both candidates were supporters of free trade, with Sir Henry Parkes campaigning in support of Angus Cameron. Bruce Smith similarly supported free trade principles, but was of a more independent mind, stating at the nomination that he would not \"follow blindly the lead of Sir Henry Parkes or that of any other gentleman\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028019-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Kiama colonial by-election, Aftermath\nCameron took his seat in the Legislative Assembly on 18 January, however his term was short-lived as Parliament was dissolved on 26 January. Cameron was re-elected unopposed at the election on 9 February as a Free Trade candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028020-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1887 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board. The championship began on 3 April 1887 and ended on 17 April 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028020-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 17 April 1887, Tullaroan won the championship after a 1-01 to 0-04 defeat of Mooncoin in the final. It was the first of 20 championship titles for the Tullaroan club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028020-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship, Championship details, Overview\nAll of the existing clubs within County Kilkenny were invited to participate in the championship, however, at the time hurling had a limited appeal and was confined to small pockets around the county. Just four teams participated: Castlecomer, the Kilkenny Working Men's Club, Mooncoin and Tullaroan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 73], "content_span": [74, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028021-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Lafayette football team\nThe 1887 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1887 college football season. Playing without a regular coach, the team compiled a 7\u20132 record and outscored opponents by a total of 141 to 67. Frederick Paye was the team captain, and H. Martin was the manager. The team played its home games on The Quad in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028022-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Lehigh football team\nThe 1887 Lehigh football team represented Lehigh University in the 1887 college football season. The team finished with an overall record of 4\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028023-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Liberian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liberia in 1887. In the presidential election, the result was a victory for incumbent Hilary R. W. Johnson of the True Whig Party, who was re-elected for a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028024-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Liguria earthquake\nThe 1887 Liguria earthquake struck off the coast of Imperia, Italy on the early morning of February 23, 1887 with an estimated moment magnitude of 6.3\u20137.5 which killed about 600-3000 people. It also generated a tsunami that had a run-up height of 2 meters. The widespread damage was said to be so severe that the town of Bussana Vecchia was abandoned by the locals that used to live in the area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028024-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Liguria earthquake, Earthquake\nThe tremor had a magnitude of between 6.3 and 7.5 Mw along with an intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli scale. The most likely estimate for this earthquake was a 6.9 along a reverse N55\u00b0E striking fault which would also explain for the tsunami generated. It was also hypothesized that the tremor was due to the rupture of the 80\u00a0km long Northern Ligurian fault system that ran along the coast of the Ligurian Basin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028024-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Liguria earthquake, Earthquake\nThe Italian peninsula observes frequent seismic activity due to its location near numerous fault lines between the convergence of the Adriatic Plate and the Eurasian plate. However the area where the epicenter of the tremor was located does not experience much frequent activity due to being far from major fault lines that can cause these events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028024-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Liguria earthquake, Impact\nThe tremor caused widespread damage along Northwest Italy, particularly in the towns of Imperia and Diano Marina and small towns in the Southeastern coast of France. about 600\u20133,000 were presumably dead. Most notably in the town of Bussana Vecchia, Sanremo which was completely abandoned and was beyond repair for more than 6 decades, but in the 1960s, a group of artists from around the globe tried to revive the area and were successful, until this day a small population of artists and a few families live in the area as well as cafes and paintings for display.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028024-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Liguria earthquake, Impact\nNot much damage was observed along the French Riviera, but another tsunami generated by a landslide rose the death toll in the town of Menton. The Prince of Wales was also visiting the town of Cannes at the time as the royal family urged him to return, however it was hard to evacuate the area due to the use of transportation at the time was by train, some civilians were reported to be leaving still wearing their pajamas due to the early occurrence of the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028025-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1887 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028025-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 17 July 1887, Murroe won the championship following a 1-00 to 0-01 defeat of South Liberties in the final. This remains the club's only championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028026-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Tuesday 1 November 1887. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028026-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 2 Scotland, 29 December 1887\nCaused by the resignation of Cllr. William Madden (Home Rule, elected unopposed 1 November 1886).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 84], "content_span": [85, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028026-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 3, Vauxhall, 31 January 1888\nCaused by the death of Councillor John Yates (Irish Home Rule, Vauxhall, elected unopposed 1 November 1886).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 84], "content_span": [85, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028027-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Liverpool Exchange by-election\nThe 1887 Liverpool Exchange by-election was held on 26 January 1887 after the death of the incumbent Liberal MP David Duncan. It was retained by the Liberal candidate Ralph Neville, with a narrow majority of 7 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028028-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Louisville Colonels season\nThe 1887 Louisville Colonels season was a season in American baseball. The team finished with a 76\u201360 record, fourth place in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028028-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028028-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028028-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028029-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Major League Baseball season\nThe 1887 MLB Season was the National League's twelfth season and American Association's sixth season. The Detroit Wolverines defeated the  St. Louis Browns in a 15-game World Series match played in ten cities. The Louisville Colonels set a Major League record which still stands for the most base on balls for a team in a game, with 19 against the Cleveland Blues on 21 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028029-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Major League Baseball season, League leaders\nIn 1887, bases on balls (walks) were counted as hits by the major leagues in existence at the time. This inflated batting averages, with 11 players batting .400 or better, and the experiment was abandoned the following season. Historical statistics for the season were later revised, such that \"Bases on balls shall always be treated as neither a time at bat nor a hit for the batter.\" This results in ambiguity for some players' season and career hits totals, notably with Cap Anson. Anson was credited with a .421 average and the National League batting title in 1887; however, the recalculation of averages with walks excluded lowered his average to .347 and retroactively gave the batting title to Sam Thompson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028030-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Maryland gubernatorial election\nThe 1887 Maryland gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028030-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Maryland gubernatorial election\nDemocratic candidate Elihu Emory Jackson defeated Republican candidate Walter B. Brooks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028031-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1887 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1887 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 2\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028032-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1887 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1887. Incumbent Republican Governor Oliver Ames was re-elected to a second term in office, defeating Democratic former U.S. Representative Henry B. Lovering.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028033-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 108th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1887 during the governorship of Oliver Ames. Halsey J. Boardman served as president of the Senate and Charles J. Noyes served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028034-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe 1887 Meath Football Championship was the first edition of the Meath GAA's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament, for the 12 clubs that chose to participate. The final was played on Sunday 17 April 1887, with Dowdstown (later to become Walterstown) winning by 1-0 to 0-0 against Kells. Unlike later Meath Football Championships, there were no groups and it was an open draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028034-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Meath Senior Football Championship\nDowdstown, as county champions, went on to represent Meath in the 1887 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, also the first All-Ireland Championship, but lost to Commercials of Limerick in the First Round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028034-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Meath Senior Football Championship, Format\nThe 1887 championship was held as an open-draw knockout tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028034-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Meath Senior Football Championship, Results\nIn 1887 point posts flanked the goalposts. A forfeit point was awarded to the opposition when a defender kicked the ball over his own end line. Forfeit points were counted when the scores were level at the end of the game. A forfeit point is represented as 0-0-1 (Goal-Point-Forfeit).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028034-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Meath Senior Football Championship, Results, Final\nKells objected to the result maintaining that the Dowdstown goal was unjustly scored. A subsequent County Committee meeting did not accept the objection. Kells submitted the dispute to the Central Executive. No record can be found of the result of this objection other than Dowdstown were eventually declared winners of the 1887 Meath Football Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1887 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1887 college football season. The team compiled a 5\u20130 record and outscored its opponents by a combined score of 102 to 10. The 1887 season capped three consecutive undefeated seasons in which Michigan won its games by a combined three-season total of 258 to 10. The captain of the 1887 team was John L. Duffy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 32, Albion 0\nOn November 12, 1887, the team opened its season against Albion College at the Ann Arbor Fairgrounds. The Chronicle of Ann Arbor reported: \"The weather was fine, and the contest was witnessed by a fair crowd of spectators, but one that might have been larger.\" The game was preceded by the continuation of a wrestling match between two heavyweights named Malley and Jackson. Three-hundred spectators watched the wrestling match, which lasted for between 30 and 45 minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0001-0001", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 32, Albion 0\nThe football game began between 3:00\u00a0p.m. and 3:30\u00a0p.m. Albion kicked off to start the game and Duffy immediately kicked the ball back to the middle of the field. In a scrimmage that followed, John Duffy \"slipped through\", scored Michigan's first touchdown, and kicked the goal from touchdown to give Michigan a 6\u20130 lead. Michigan scored two additional touchdowns and a safety in the first half (or \"inning\"), with the scores being made by Jim Duffy, Royal Farrand and Ernest Sprague. After a ten-minute break between halves, neither team scored in the first 18 minutes of the second half. John Duffy scored Michigan's fourth touchdown, and the kick for goal was successful. James Duffy scored Michigan's fifth touchdown, \"the ball coming to him on the bound from the punt-out.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 856]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 32, Albion 0\nThe Michigan Argonaut summarized Michigan's play as follows: \"On the whole the boys played a good game. Their passing and running were excellent. Some of the new material is a great strengthening to the eleven. The inability to hold the rush line well was the greatest fault but they will take away with them a stronger one.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 8, Notre Dame 0\nTwo of the players on Michigan's 1887 team, George Winthrop DeHaven, Jr. and William Warren Harless, had previously attended the University of Notre Dame. In October 1887, DeHaven wrote to Brother Paul, who ran Notre Dame's intramural athletics program, telling him about the new game of football. Michigan had planned a game in Chicago on Thanksgiving Day, and the three men, DeHaven, Harless and Brother Paul, persuaded their respective schools to play a football match on the Notre Dame campus on the day before Thanksgiving.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 8, Notre Dame 0\nOn November 22, 1887, the Michigan football team departed from the Michigan Central Railroad Depot in Ann Arbor on the late train. After breakfast in Niles, Michigan, the team changed trains and arrived in South Bend between 7:00\u00a0a.m. and 8:00\u00a0a.m. The team was greeted by Father Superior Walsh and spent two hours touring the university buildings and departments of Notre Dame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 8, Notre Dame 0\nThe game was the first played by Notre Dame, and the Michigan team was credited with teaching the Notre Dame team the game before play began. The Notre Dame student newspaper, Scholastic, reported:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 8, Notre Dame 0\n\"It was not considered a match contest, as the home team had been organized only a few weeks, and the Michigan boys, the champions of the West, came more to instruct them in the points of the Rugby game than to win fresh laurels.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 8, Notre Dame 0\nNewspaper accounts differ as to whether the football game started at 10:00\u00a0a.m. or 11:00\u00a0a.m. The proceedings began with a tutorial session in which players from both teams were divided irrespective of college. For the first 30 minutes, the teams scrimmaged in a practice game with Michigan \"exchanging six men for the same number from Notre Dame.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0008-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 8, Notre Dame 0\nAfter the practice session, the Michigan and Notre Dame teams played a game that lasted only half an hour which was described by The Chronicle as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0009-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 8, Notre Dame 0\n\"The grounds were in very poor condition for playing, being covered with snow in a melting condition, and the players could scarcely keep their feet. Some time had been spent in preliminary practice; the game began and after rolling and tumbling in the mud for half an hour time was finally called, the score standing 8 to 0 in favor of U. of M.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0010-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 8, Notre Dame 0\nBetween 400 and 500 students watched the game. After the game, the team ate at the Notre Dame dining hall. The Notre Dame student newspaper reported on the gratitude of Notre Dame officials for Michigan's tutorial in the game of football: \"After a hearty dinner, Rev. President Walsh thanked the Ann Arbor team for their visit, and assured them of the cordial reception that would always await them at Notre Dame.\" Brother Paul arranged for carriages to take the team to Niles in time to catch the 3:00 train to Chicago. The Notre Dame paper reported: \"At 1 o'clock carriages were taken for Niles, and amidst rousing cheers the University of Michigan football team departed, leaving behind them a most favorable impression.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0011-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 8, Notre Dame 0\nMichigan's lineup against Notre Dame was J.L. Duffy (fullback), J. E. Duffy and E. McPheran (halfbacks), R. T. Farrand (quarterback), W. W. Harless (center rush), F. Townsend, E. M. Sprague, F. H. Knapp, W. Fowler, G. W. DeHaven and M. Wade (rush line).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0012-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 8, Notre Dame 0\nThis was the first game in the Michigan\u2013Notre Dame football rivalry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0013-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 26, Chicago Harvard School 0\nThe team left Notre Dame on the afternoon of November 22, changed trains in Niles, and arrived by train in Chicago at 7:00\u00a0p.m. After a night enjoying the sites of Chicago, the team returned to the hotel at 11:00\u00a0p.m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 93], "content_span": [94, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0014-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 26, Chicago Harvard School 0\nThe team had planned on a Thanksgiving Day game against Northwestern, but the game could not be arranged. Instead, a match against the Harvard school team was played. The Chronicle noted that the team from the Harvard school was superior to Northwestern, \"having defeated Northwestern 28 to 4 and having never before been beaten.\" The Michigan team lounged around the hotel before departing for the game, which was played on a wet and muddy field at the grounds of the Wanderer Cricket Club (referred to in some reports as Wanderers' park) at 37th Street and Indiana Avenue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 93], "content_span": [94, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0014-0001", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 26, Chicago Harvard School 0\nThe game had been scheduled to begin at 3:00\u00a0p.m., but was delayed until 4:00\u00a0p.m. John Duffy scored the first touchdown, and the goal was made for a 6\u20130 lead. Jim Duffy scored the second touchdown on a play described as follows: \"Farrand sends it accurately back to Jim Duffy who makes the circle of the field, passing all opponents and secures the second touchdown.\" Harvard was held for a safety to make the score 14\u20130. The remainder of the game was played in darkness. William Harless scored Michigan's third touchdown \"by good rushing\" and breaking through all opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 93], "content_span": [94, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0014-0002", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 26, Chicago Harvard School 0\nJim Duffy scored Michigan's fourth touchdown. After five more minutes, the game was called with Michigan leading 26 to 0. The Michigan Argonaut wrote that Michigan's score \"would have easily been doubled\" were it not for the \"treacherous nature of the field\" and a ball so slippery that \"it was almost impossible to hold.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 93], "content_span": [94, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0015-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 26, Chicago Harvard School 0\nThe Chronicle described the return from the game as follows: \"Tired out, wet, and covered with mud and glory we returned to the hotel. Some swallow a hasty supper and hurry to catch the train but most of us wait till the next day to start for home. All the boys thoroughly enjoyed themselves and voted it a big time.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 93], "content_span": [94, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0016-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 26, Chicago Harvard School 0\nMichigan's lineup against the Harvard club was Harless (center), Fowler, Sprague, Townsend, Knapp, Wade and DeHaven (rushers), Farrand (quarterback), John Duffy (fullback) and MacPherran and J. E. Duffy (halfbacks).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 93], "content_span": [94, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0017-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 26, Notre Dame 6\nAfter Michigan's visit to South Bend in November, football became a popular game on the Notre Dame campus. A football association was formed with Brother Paul as the president. In the spring of 1888, Brother Paul challenged Michigan to return to South Bend. On March 24, 1888, the Notre Dame student newspaper reported, \"Mr. DeHaven writes from Ann Arbor that the boys of the University of Michigan have such pleasant remembrances of their Thanksgiving game here that they are anxious to play here again.\" The games were scheduled for a Friday and Saturday, April 20 and 21, 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0018-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 26, Notre Dame 6\nDue to injuries, several of Michigan's best players were unable to participate. Quarterback Royal Farrand was left home with his knee in a cast and was replaced by Ball. Sprague and Townsend from the rush line were injured during practice the week before the trip and were replaced by R. S. Babcock and Button. DeHaven recalled, \"We were totally unprepared, but I got five starters to go, and with Harless and I (we wanted to see our South Bend friends) and four of our friends, who had never played, and a referee, we went.\" In his history of the Michigan-Notre Dame rivalry, John Kyrk contends that two of the players who DeHaven recruited for the trip, G. Briggs and E. Rhodes, were non-student \"ringers.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 790]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0019-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 26, Notre Dame 6\nMichigan won the first game on April 21 by a score of 26 to 6. The game was played at Green Stocking Ball Park before a crowd stated to be as low as 300 and as high as 800 spectators. Before the game was played, a 100-yard dash was run with players from both teams participating. Michigan's James E. Duffy defeated Harry Jewett, the American sprint champion, in the race. The game began at 3:20\u00a0p.m., and James Duffy scored the first touchdown after three-and-a-half minutes of play. The Chronicle summarized the game as follows: \"The feature of the game on our side was the tackling of Duffy, Harless, Babcock and Briggs, long runs and good passes by Rhodes, DeHaven, Wood, Ball and Button. As usual J. L. Duffy got in some good kicks.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 819]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0020-0000", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 10, Notre Dame 4\nThe second game of the spring trip was played on the Notre Dame campus, after the players were taken on a boat ride in St. Joseph's Lake. The game began at about 2:00\u00a0p.m. Michigan won by a closer-than-expected score of 10 to 4. The spring games were a disappointment in that the Michigan football team had not allowed its opponents to score a single point since November 1883\u2014a span of more than four years. The Notre Dame team had scored 10 points in two games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028035-0020-0001", "contents": "1887 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 10, Notre Dame 4\nDeHaven recalled that, when the Michigan players returned to Ann Arbor, they were booed on their arrival: \"It was a badly battered team that landed in the crowded Ann Arbor depot, and we received a proper razzing for breaking a four-year record.\" No Michigan football team returned to play at Notre Dame until 1942.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028036-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1887 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota during the 1887 college football season. This was the second season under head coach Frederick S. Jones. For this season, the Ariel recorded that \"The alumni have had their turn and the Minneapolis high school had been met and conquered\" but a hoped for game against Michigan couldn't be arranged and no other recorded games were played this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028036-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nOn one occasion, while getting the team ready to play, Alf Pillsbury noticed that the team was short a man, so he recruited a student from the group of Minneapolis Central students who were on hand. His name was Pudge Heffelfinger and after playing for Minnesota for a year, he went on to Yale and became one of the biggest names in the early days of football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028036-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTeam of 1887: Rushers, Paul Goode (center), Fred M. Mann, John H. Corliss, Birney Trask, William H. Hoyt, Henry S. Morris, Edmund P. Allen; Quarterback, Alf Pillsbury (center); Halfbacks, John F. Hayden, William D. Willard; Back, Alonzo D. Meeds; Substitutes, W. Dann, Walter Heffelfinger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028037-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Mudgee colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Mudgee on 6 May 1887 because of the resignation of Adolphus Taylor (Free Trade) to become the Examiner of Patents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028038-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Nanaimo mine explosion\nThe Nanaimo mine explosion occurred on May 3, 1887, in Nanaimo, British Columbia killing 150 miners. Only seven miners survived and the mine burned for one full day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028038-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Nanaimo mine explosion\nThe explosion started deep underground in the Number One Coal Mine after explosives were laid improperly. Although many miners died instantly, others were trapped by the explosion and the fires that followed. Most miners did not die from the primary explosions or the fires, but many actually died from choking on poisonous gas hours after the initial explosions. These men wrote farewell messages in the dust of their shovels. Nearly 150 children lost their fathers and 46 women became widows. A plaque at the foot of Milton Street commemorates the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028038-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Nanaimo mine explosion\nAlthough past documents put the death toll at 148, researchers have since revised the number to 150, including 53 Chinese workers. Chinese workers were listed in the government inquest and annual report of the Minister of Mines as \"Chinamen, names unknown\", followed by a tag number. B.C. employers did not have to report the deaths of Chinese employees until 1897. Some accounts suggest that 48 of the 53 miners had the surname of Mah \u2014 records may have been destroyed when Nanaimo's Chinatown burned to the ground in 1960. The monument on Milton Street lists the names of white miners, but only the tally number for Chinese miners, who were blamed by many white Nanaimoites for the disaster, claiming they could not read signs or instructions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028038-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Nanaimo mine explosion\nOperated by the Vancouver Coal Company, the Number One mine opened in 1884 at the foot of Milton Street in Nanaimo. Its shafts and tunnels extended under the Nanaimo Harbour to Protection Island, Newcastle Island, and the Nanaimo River. After the explosion, the mine re-opened and produced 18 million tons of coal before permanently closing in 1938.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028039-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1887 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1887 college football season. The team compiled a 3\u20131 record and outscored its opponents 41 to 22. The Midshipmen shut out their first three opponents, including an 8\u20130 victory in the seventh installment of the Johns Hopkins\u2013Navy football rivalry. The Johns Hopkins game was played at the Academy grounds in Annapolis, Maryland, and was described by The Sun (New York) as \"a veritable slugging match\" and \"one of the roughest games of football\" ever seen there. In the final game of the 1887 season, the Midshipmen lost to the Princeton Tigers \"B\" team in the final game of the season. The team captain was George Hayward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028039-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Navy Midshipmen football team, Prelude\nThe Naval Academy's football program formally began in 1879 with a game against the Baltimore Athletic Club. The program went on a two-year hiatus in 1880 and 1881 due to a lack of support, before it was brought back by Vaulx Carter. Johns Hopkins was Navy's primary opponent during the 1880s; the annual contest between the programs made up the entirety of the academy's 1882 through 1884 seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028039-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Navy Midshipmen football team, Players\nThe 1887 Naval Academy football team was made up of twelve players at six unique positions. The squad consisted of five rushers, two ends, one snapback, one fullbacks, two halfbacks, and one quarterbacks. Four of the players (both halfbacks, the fullback, and a rusher) had played the previous season. The age of the players ranged several years due to the academy's admission policy; the school allowed for men between the ages of 14 and 18 to be admitted, which future player John B. Patton remarked made it \"just a boys' school\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028040-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 New England colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of New England on 10 January 1887 because of the resignation of William Proctor. He had been found guilty by a jury of having sat and voted in parliament whilst he had an interest in a contract with the Government and the statutory penalty of \u00a3500 was imposed. Proceedings were stayed pending Proctor's appeal to the Full Court of the Supreme Court, however he resigned stating that he desired to have the verdict of his constituents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028040-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 New England colonial by-election, Background\nThomas Logan and David Proudfoot were partners in a contract for the construction of a section of the Illawarra railway. Proudfoot became insolvent which dissolved the partnership. Logan wanted to carry on the contract and sought Proctor's assistance to get him a bank guarantee. Proctor became one of Logan's guarantors, and wishing to protect himself took an assignment of the contract from Logan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028040-0001-0001", "contents": "1887 New England colonial by-election, Background\nAt the time of taking the assignment Proctor was a  member of the Legislative Assembly, and Proudfoot sought to recover the penalty of \u00a3500 because Proctor, being a member of the Legislative Assembly, had entered into a contract with the Government for or on account of the public service, within the meaning of s. 28 of the Constitution of New South Wales. The jury found for Proudfoot for the full amount claimed. Proceedings were stayed pending Proctor's appeal to the Full Court of the Supreme Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028040-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 New England colonial by-election, Candidates\nThis by-election was at the emergence of political parties in New South Wales, where the division was on fiscal lines of free trade and protection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028040-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 New England colonial by-election, Aftermath\nProctor resumed his seat in the Legislative Assembly however Parliament was dissolved on 26 January. He did not stand as a candidate at the election on 10 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028040-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 New England colonial by-election, Aftermath\nHis appeal the Full Court of the Supreme Court was successful, which held that (1) Proctor did not receive any money that was payable under the contract and (2) the contract required the consent of the government. As that had not been given, Proctor had no rights against the government nor did the government have any rights against Proctor. The Full Court's view was that this was not a sufficient interest to disqualify Proctor from sitting and voting as a member.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 48], "content_span": [49, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028041-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 New South Wales colonial election\nThe 1887 New South Wales colonial election was held between 4 February and 26 February 1887. This election was for all of the 124 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 37 single-member constituencies, 23 2-member constituencies, seven 3-member constituencies and five 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Part 1 (section 13) of the Electoral Act of 1880 had awarded the right to vote to 'every male subject of Her Majesty of the full age of twenty-one years and absolutely free being a natural born or naturalized'. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 26 January 1887 by the Governor, Lord Carrington, on the advice of the Premier, Sir Henry Parkes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028041-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 New South Wales colonial election\nParkes had defeated the government of Patrick Jennings less than a week previously, and was keen to test his electoral strength. This was the first election at which there were recognisable political parties, namely the Protectionist Party, which coalesced around Jennings' successor George Dibbs, and Parkes' Free Trade Party. At this stage these parties were still organisationally very different from today's political parties, and party affiliation was often fluid or non-existent, depending on the individual member.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028041-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 New South Wales colonial election, Results\nNew South Wales colonial election, 4 \u2013 26 February 1887\u200aLegislative Assembly << 1885\u20131889 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028042-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 New York Athletic Club football team\nThe 1887 New York Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the New York Athletic Club in their inaugural season with the American Football Union. The team compiled a 2\u20132 record (1\u20132 in the AFU) and were outscored by their opponents by a total of 24 to 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028043-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 New York Giants season\nThe 1887 New York Giants season was the franchise's 5th season. The team finished in fourth place in the National League with a record of 68\u201355, 10.5 games behind the Detroit Wolverines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028043-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028043-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028043-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028043-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028044-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 New York Metropolitans season\nThe 1887 New York Metropolitans finished with a 44\u201389 record, seventh place in the American Association. The team folded operations at the conclusion of the season. What was left of the team was purchased by the Brooklyn Grays, who were interested in several of the Metropolitans' players. The Kansas City Cowboys inherited the Metropolitans' place in the American Association for the 1888 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028044-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028044-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028044-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028044-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028044-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028045-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 New York state election\nThe 1887 New York state election was held on November 8, 1887, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer and the State Engineer, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028045-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 New York state election, History\nThe United Labor state convention met on August 17 at Syracuse, New York. Louis F. Post, the Greenback candidate for Attorney General in 1883, was elected Temporary Chairman by the Henry George faction with 91 votes over Frank J. Ferrall, a \"colored delegate from New York City\", who was nominated by William Penn Rogers and received 69 votes. The convention lasted another two days, and nominated Henry George for Secretary of State, Victor A. Wilder for Comptroller, Patrick H. Cummins for Treasurer, Dennis C. Feely for Attorney General, and Sylvanus H. Sweet for State Engineer. Ex-State Engineer Sweet (in office 1874-1875 as a Democrat) declined to run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028045-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 New York state election, History\nThe Prohibition state convention met on August 25 at Syracuse, New York. Rev. I. K. Funk was Temporary Chairman until the choice of Henry Clay Bascom as President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028045-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on September 14 at the Skating Rink in Saratoga, New York. Seth Low was Temporary Chairman until the choice of Warner Miller as President. Frederick D. Grant was nominated for Secretary of State by acclamation. Jesse S. L'Amoreaux was nominated for Comptroller during the first ballot. James H. Carmicheal, of Buffalo, was nominated for Treasurer. Maj. James A. Dennison, of Fulton County, was nominated for Attorney General during the  first ballot. Oliver H. P. Cornell was nominated for State Engineer on the first ballot (vote: Cornell 353, Verplanck Colvin 326).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028045-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 New York state election, History\nThe Progressive Labor state convention met on September 28 at Webster Hall in New York City. William Penn Rogers, called the meeting to order, and made a speech repudiating Henry George and his United Labor Party. H. A. Barker was Temporary Chairman and Chairman of the day session; George Block was Chairman of the evening session. John Swinton was nominated for Secretary of State. H. A. Barker, a cigarmaker of Albany, was nominated for Comptroller. Henry Emrich, General Secretary of the Furniture Workers Union, was nominated for Treasurer. Thaddeus B. Wakeman was nominated for Attorney General. Swinton declined to run, and the convention nominated J. Edward Hall for Secretary of State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028045-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 New York state election, History\nThe Greenback-Labor state convention met on October 4 at Albany, New York, and nominated Thomas K. Beecher for Secretary of State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028046-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 New Zealand general election\nThe New Zealand general election of 1887 was held on 26 September to elect 95 MPs to the tenth session of the New Zealand Parliament. The M\u0101ori vote was held on 7 September. 175,410 votes (67.1% turnout) were cast. In 5 seats there was only one candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028046-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 New Zealand general election, 1887 electoral redistribution\nThe Representation Act 1887 had major implication for the procedure of revising electoral boundaries. The revision task was transferred from committees formed by MPs to a permanent Representation Commission. The act specified that a country quota of 18% be applied to all designated districts that excluded boroughs with a population above 2,000 people, and that all electorates were to have the same nominal population within a tolerance of 750 people. It was also stipulated that electoral boundaries were to be reviewed after each New Zealand census.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028046-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 New Zealand general election, 1887 electoral redistribution\nIn the 1887 electoral redistribution, although the Representation Commission was required through the Representation Act 1887 to maintain existing electorates \"as far as possible\", rapid population growth in the North Island required the transfer of three seats from the South Island to the north. Ten new electorates were created: Auckland Central, Woodville, Wellington South and Suburbs, Masterton, Wellington East, Waimea-Picton, Linwood,Rangitata, Waihemo, and Ponsonby. One former electorate, Wairarapa, was recreated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028046-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 New Zealand general election, 1887 electoral redistribution\n1887 was the year the Independent Representation Commission was established to redraw electorate boundaries after each five-yearly population census. The country quota was reduced to 18%. A \u00a310 candidate's deposit was introduced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028046-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 New Zealand general election, The Scarecrow Ministry\nThe Stout-Vogel government had been soundly beaten. Only 34 returned members supported the government, whilst 52 opposition MPs were elected as well as nine independents. This led to much confusion in Wellington in September 1887 when the members gathered to form a government. John Bryce, William Rolleston and Robert Stout had all lost their seats. Sir John Hall said he was too old. Sir Julius Vogel's policies had been rejected by the voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028046-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 New Zealand general election, The Scarecrow Ministry\nSo there was no alternative to Harry Atkinson, and after two weeks of negotiations he announced a ministry on 11 October. Only two ministers had served with him before. The Scarecrow Ministry was not expected to last, but did.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028046-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 New Zealand general election, The Scarecrow Ministry\nThe years 1887 and 1888 were the worst of the Long Depression, and Atkinson cut salaries, raised loans and raised customs duties. He was not popular with the wealthy, but they feared the Opposition leaders Grey and Ballance even more. By 1890 Atkinson was too ill to make speeches in the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028046-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 New Zealand general election, Results\nThe following table shows the results of the 1887 general election:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028047-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 North Antrim by-election\nThe North Antrim by-election, 1887 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North Antrim on 11 February 1887. The sitting member, Edward Macnaghten of the Conservative Party (UK), had been elevated to the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028047-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 North Antrim by-election\nIn the ensuing by-election three candidates were nominated: Charles Lewis of the Conservative Party (UK) was elected, with 3,858 votes; S C McElroy, a Gladstone Liberal, received 2,526; and W. A. Traill (Independent Unionist) received 424.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028047-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 North Antrim by-election\nMcElroy was a leading tenants' rights campaigner. A Presbyterian minister from Portrush, who wrote to Lord Hartington, leader of the Liberal Unionists, seeking advice on whom to vote for, was urged to support the Conservative:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028047-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 North Antrim by-election\nThe Nationalists in the constituency, who supported McElroy, had hoped for his election through a split of the Unionist vote between Lewis and Traill, but as The Times observed, the voters \"have not been tempted from the path of loyalty by the lure held out to them by the enemies of their landlords\". Lewis sat for the constituency until the 1892 general election, but did not seek re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028048-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 North East Cork by-election\nThe North East Cork by-election, 1887 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North East Cork on 16 May 1887. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, Edmund Leamy of the Irish Parliamentary Party. In the ensuing by-election another Irish Parliamentary Party candidate, William O'Brien, former member for South Tyrone, was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028049-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 North Longford by-election\nThe North Longford by-election, 1887 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North Longford on 5 February 1887. The sitting member, Justin McCarthy of the Irish Parliamentary Party had been re-elected in the general election of 1886, but having been elected also in the constituency of Londonderry City, he chose to sit for the latter on the basis that the Longford seat was safe for a Nationalist candidate. In the ensuing by-election another Irish Parliamentary Party candidate, Tim Healy, former member for North Monaghan, was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028050-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Northern Maori by-election\nThe 1887 Northern Maori by-election was a by-election during the 9th New Zealand Parliament. The election was held on 9 May 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028050-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Northern Maori by-election\nThe seat of Northern Maori became vacant following the death of the sitting member Ihaka Hakuene on 6 April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028050-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Northern Maori by-election\nThe by-election was won by Wi Katene (described as a Stout-Vogel government supporter) by a margin of three votes, contrary to expectations. However none of the newspaper reports give the number of votes recorded for each candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028050-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Northern Maori by-election\nAlthough Sydney Taiwhanga petitioned the Supreme Court about irregularities in the poll; the petition was later withdrawn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028051-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Northwich by-election\nThe 1887 Northwich by-election was held on 13 August 1887 after the incumbent Liberal Unionist MP, Robert Verdin died.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028051-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Northwich by-election\nThe seat was retaken by the Liberal candidate John Tomlinson Brunner. Brunner had previously been the MP but lost the seat in the 1885 general election due to a split within the Liberal party over Irish Home Rule. The winning Liberal Unionist candidate in 1886, Robert Verdin, was the brother of the defeated Conservative candidate in the previous General Election, William Henry Verdin  and he won by 458 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028051-0001-0001", "contents": "1887 Northwich by-election\nIn November 1886, Brunner embarked on a world tour and his return to Northwich on 2 July 1887 was greeted with great celebration, as he was extremely popular in the town, regarded as a kind and sympathetic employer and a generous benefactor. Within three weeks of Brunner's return, Robert Verdin died and a by-election was called. At the 1892 general election, Brunner's opponent was not a Liberal Unionist, but a Conservative, George Whiteley, who was a cotton manufacturer from Blackburn. Brunner was returned with an increased majority of 1,255.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028052-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Notre Dame football team\nThe 1887 Notre Dame football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1887 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028052-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Notre Dame football team, Season overview, Notre Dame's first official rugby football game\nThe first Notre Dame football game took place on November 23, 1887 on the school's campus just north of South Bend, Indiana. Michigan had been playing football since May 30, 1879. Two players on Michigan's 1887 team, George Winthrop DeHaven, Jr. and William Warren Harless, had previously attended Notre Dame. In October 1887, DeHaven wrote to Brother Paul, who ran Notre Dame's intramural athletics program, telling him about the new game of football. Michigan had planned a game in Chicago on Thanksgiving Day, and the three men, DeHaven, Harless and Brother Paul, persuaded their respective schools to play a football match on the Notre Dame campus on the day before Thanksgiving.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 95], "content_span": [96, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028052-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Notre Dame football team, Season overview, Notre Dame's first official rugby football game\nOn November 22, 1887, the Michigan football team departed from the Michigan Central Railroad Depot in Ann Arbor on the late train. After breakfast in Niles, Michigan, the team changed trains and arrived in South Bend between 7:00\u00a0a.m. and 8:00\u00a0a.m. The team was greeted by Father Superior Walsh and spent two hours touring the university buildings and departments of Notre Dame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 95], "content_span": [96, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028052-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Notre Dame football team, Season overview, Notre Dame's first official rugby football game\nThe game was the first played by a Notre Dame football team, and the Michigan team was credited with teaching the Notre Dame team the game before play began. The Notre Dame student newspaper, Scholastic, reported: \"It was not considered a match contest, as the home team had been organized only a few weeks, and the Michigan boys, the champions of the West, came more to instruct them in the points of the Rugby game than to win fresh laurels.\" The proceedings began with a tutorial session in which players from both teams were divided irrespective of college. For the first 30 minutes, the teams scrimmaged in a practice game with Michigan \"exchanging six men for the same number from Notre Dame.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 95], "content_span": [96, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028052-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Notre Dame football team, Season overview, Notre Dame's first official rugby football game\nAfter the practice session, the Michigan and Notre Dame teams played a game that lasted only half an hour which was described by The Chronicle (a University of Michigan newspaper) as follows: \"The grounds were in very poor condition for playing, being covered with snow in a melting condition, and the players could scarcely keep their feet. Some time had been spent in preliminary practice; the game began and after rolling and tumbling in the mud for half an hour time was finally called, the score standing 8 to 0 in favor of U. of M.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 95], "content_span": [96, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028052-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Notre Dame football team, Season overview, Notre Dame's first official rugby football game\nBetween 400 and 500 students watched the game. After the game, the Michigan team ate at the Notre Dame dining hall. The Notre Dame student newspaper reported on the gratitude of Notre Dame officials for Michigan's tutorial in the game of football: \"After a hearty dinner, Rev. President Walsh thanked the Ann Arbor team for their visit, and assured them of the cordial reception that would always await them at Notre Dame.\" Brother Paul arranged for carriages to take the team to Niles in time to catch the 3:00 train to Chicago. The Notre Dame paper reported: \"At 1 o'clock carriages were taken for Niles, and amidst rousing cheers the University of Michigan football team departed, leaving behind them a most favorable impression.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 95], "content_span": [96, 829]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028052-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 Notre Dame football team, Season overview, 1888 games\nAfter Michigan's visit to the campus in November 1887, football became a popular game on the Notre Dame campus. A football association was formed with Brother Paul as the president. In the spring of 1888, Brother Paul challenged Michigan to return to Notre Dame. Two games were scheduled for a weekend on April 20\u201321, 1888. On March 24, 1888, the Notre Dame student newspaper reported:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028052-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 Notre Dame football team, Season overview, 1888 games\nMichigan won the first game 26\u20136. The game was played at Green Stocking Ball Park before a crowd stated to be as low as 300 and as high as 800 spectators. Before the game was played, a 100-yard dash was run with players from both teams participating. Michigan's James E. Duffy defeated Harry Jewett, the American sprint champion, in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028052-0007-0001", "contents": "1887 Notre Dame football team, Season overview, 1888 games\nThe game began at 3:20\u00a0p.m., and The Chronicle summarized the game as follows: \"The feature of the game on our side was the tackling of Duffy, Harless, Babcock and Briggs, long runs and good passes by Rhodes, DeHaven, Wood, Ball and Button. As usual J. L. Duffy got in some good kicks.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028052-0008-0000", "contents": "1887 Notre Dame football team, Season overview, 1888 games\nThe second game was played the next day, after the players were taken for a boat ride on St. Joseph's Lake. The game began at about 2:00\u00a0p.m. Michigan won 10\u20134. The spring games were a disappointment to some Michigan fans in that the Michigan football team had not allowed its opponents to score a single point since November 1883 \u2013 a span of more than four years. The Notre Dame team had scored 10 points in two games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028052-0008-0001", "contents": "1887 Notre Dame football team, Season overview, 1888 games\nDeHaven recalled that, when the Michigan players returned to Ann Arbor, they were booed on their arrival: \"It was a badly battered team that landed in the crowded Ann Arbor depot, and we received a proper razzing for breaking a four-year record.\" No Michigan football team returned to play at Notre Dame until 1942.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028052-0009-0000", "contents": "1887 Notre Dame football team, Roster\nTwo rosters are officially listed on the University's record books, the first from the 1887 game and the second after the games in the spring of 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028053-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1887 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 1, 1887. Incumbent Republican Joseph B. Foraker defeated Democratic nominee Thomas E. Powell with 47.73% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028054-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Open Championship\nThe 1887 Open Championship was the 27th Open Championship, held 16 September at Prestwick Golf Club in Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Willie Park Jr. won the Championship, a stroke ahead of Bob Martin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028054-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Open Championship\nThe Open was played in almost incessant rain and a cross wind. Willie Campbell was the warm favourite amongst the local crowd and was followed by the majority of the spectators. Willie Park, Jr. and Willie Fernie were paired together in the preceding group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028054-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Open Championship\nCampbell made a good start reaching the turn in 35 and eventually finishing with a 77. This was enough for a four stroke lead over Bob Martin and Archie Simpson with David Brown and Willie Park Jr. a further shot behind. Ben Sayers took 83 and they were the only six players to score better than 85.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028054-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Open Championship\nIn the second round Campbell reached the turn in 39. Park had reached the same hole in 37 but was still three behind. Playing a few groups behind Martin reached the turn in 38 and was level with Park at that point. The other contenders had faded away. Reaching the 16th hole Campbell was still two ahead of Park. Park had an excellent three at the hole. Campbell tried to carry the fairway bunker but his ball landed in the thick grass at the top of it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028054-0003-0001", "contents": "1887 Open Championship\n\"He made a desperate effort to force it onto the green, but it proved futile, and five strokes were lost in the bunker\". He eventually took nine and his chances of winning were gone. Park finished with two fives for a total of 161. In the second round he didn't have a score worse than five and wasn't in a single bunker in either round. Campbell finished one better than Park on the final two holes but was still three behind on 164. Martin couldn't quite match Park's good finish and ended a stroke behind on 162.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028054-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Open Championship\nThe bunker at the 16th became known as \u201cWillie Campbell\u2019s Grave\u201d.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028055-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Orange Athletic Club football team\nThe 1887 Orange Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Orange Athletic Club during the 1887 college football season. The team played its home games at the Grove Street grounds in East Orange, New Jersey, and compiled a 0\u20131 record in their first season of football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028056-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1887 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania as an independent during the 1887 college football season. In its third and final year under head coach Frank Dole, the team compiled a 6\u20137 record. Penn lost five games to the Big Three (Princeton, Harvard, and Yale) by a combined score of 291 to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028057-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Penn State football team\nThe 1887 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College\u2014now known as Pennsylvania State University\u2013as an independent during the 1887 college football season. The team went  2\u20130 and are the school's only unscored-upon team. The quarterback of this team was George H. \"Lucy\" Linsz. He later changed his last name from Linsz to Lins, probably during World War I. In 1887, Penn State's school colors were dark pink and black.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028057-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Penn State football team, Schedule\n\u2021There is a date discrepancy. Bucknell lists this game as being played on November 12, 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028058-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1887 Philadelphia Athletics had a 64\u201369 record and finished in fifth place in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028058-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028058-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028058-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028058-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028059-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028059-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028059-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028059-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028059-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028060-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Philadelphia mayoral election\nThe Philadelphia mayoral election of 1887 saw the election Edwin Henry Fitler. This was the first Philadelphia mayoral election to a 4-year term. Previously, since 1862, mayoral elections had been for three-year terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028061-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season\nThe 1887 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season was the sixth season of the Pittsburgh Alleghenys franchise and its first in the National League. The Alleghenys finished sixth in the standings with a record of 55\u201369.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028061-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028061-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028061-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028061-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028062-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Port Chalmers by-election\nThe 1887 Port Chalmers by-election was a by-election held on 6 April 1887 in the Port Chalmers electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028062-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Port Chalmers by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death on 11 February of the incumbent MP James Macandrew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028062-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Port Chalmers by-election\nThe by-election was won by James Mills. As he was the only candidate nominated, he was declared duly elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028063-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 6 March 1887. The result was a landslide victory for the Progressive Party, which won 113 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028063-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Portuguese legislative election, Results\nThe results exclude the six seats won at national level and those from overseas territories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028064-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1887 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1887 college football season. The team finished with a 7\u20132 record. The Tigers held their first nine opponents scoreless, winning those games by a combined 420 to 0 score. The team then lost the last two games of the season against Harvard and Yale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028065-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Purdue football team\nThe 1887 Purdue football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University as an independent during the 1887 college football season. The team compiled an 0\u20131 record in the university's first season fielding an intercollegiate football team. Albert Berg, a deaf 23-year-old Princeton University alumnus, was the team's coach. The team of 12 players practiced for one week before playing in the school's first official football game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028065-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Purdue football team\nThe Purdue University football team traces its origin back to October 29, 1887, when its team fell to Butler College by a score of 48\u20136 in Indianapolis, Indiana. A group of students at Purdue University formed the school's first football team in 1887. Albert Berg was hired as the coach. Despite being deaf, Berg was reportedly \"the only man in the territory with any knowledge of the game.\" Berg was 23 years old when he became Purdue's football \"coacher.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028065-0001-0001", "contents": "1887 Purdue football team\nHe was paid $1 for each lesson he gave to the newly organized football team and had only one week to prepare the team for its first game. The 1887 Purdue team played its only game on October 29, 1887, against the Butler College team at Athletic Park in Indianapolis. Butler soundly defeated Berg's squad by a score of 48\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028066-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Ramsey by-election\nThe 1887 Ramsey by-election was held on 30 August 1887. The by-election triggered upon succession of William Fellowes to the peerage as Baron de Ramsey. The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate Ailwyn Edward Fellowes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028067-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1887 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 6, 1887. Democratic nominee John W. Davis defeated incumbent Republican George P. Wetmore with 51.50% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028068-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Richmond Colts football team\nThe 1887 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College\u2014now known as the University of Richmond\u2014as an independent during the 1887 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028069-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1887 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1887 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 3\u20136 record and were outscored their opponents, 187 to 81. The team had no coach, and its captain was Clarence G. Scudder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028070-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 SAFA season\nThe 1887 South Australian Football Association season was the 11th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028070-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 SAFA season\n1887 saw Gawler, Hotham and West Adelaide join the SAFA with the last of those bearing no relation to the modern day West Adelaide Bloods.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028070-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 SAFA season, Premiership season, Round 4\nAdelaide were on an interstate trip to Victoria to play their first ever game on the Melbourne Cricket Ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 45], "content_span": [46, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028070-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 SAFA season, Premiership season, Round 16\nPort Adelaide's score of 17.27 (17) was the highest total ever at the time in South Australian league football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 46], "content_span": [47, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028071-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 San Diego mayoral election\nThe 1887 San Diego mayoral election was held on November 8, 1887 to elect the mayor for San Diego. This was the first mayoral election since the position was abolished due to an 1852 city bankruptcy. William Jefferson Hunsaker was elected Mayor with a majority of the votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028071-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign\nIn 1887, the City of San Diego adopted a new charter reestablishing the office of mayor for the first time in 35 years since an 1852 city bankruptcy. In the interim, the City had been run by a board of trustees appointed by the State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028071-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign\nOn October 4, 1887, trade unions of San Diego met to nominate a slate of candidates to run for office on the platform of the Workingmen's Party of California. On the fourth ballot, William J. Hunsaker was selected as the Workingmen's candidate for mayor. His opponent, Daniel C. Reed ran as a Republican on the Citizen's ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028071-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign\nOn November 8, 1887, Hunsaker was elected mayor with 53.8 percent of the vote to Reed's 46.2 percent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028072-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1887 Scottish Cup Final was the 14th final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1886\u201387 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The match was played at the second Hampden Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 12 February 1887 and was watched by a crowd of 15,000 spectators. The final was contested by the 1883 winners Dumbarton and Hibernian who had never won the competition before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028072-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Scottish Cup Final\nThis was only the third Scottish Cup final not to feature a team from Glasgow after the 1883 and 1885 finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028072-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nDumbarton had reached the final on three previous occasions losing after a replay twice to Queen's Park in 1881 and 1882 before beating Vale of Leven after a replay to lift the trophy in 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028072-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nHibernian had been relatively successful in the Scottish Cup after reaching the fifth round on their first appearance in 1877\u201378. Their best performance prior to 1886\u201387 had come in the three previous seasons when they were knocked in the semi-finals. No team from Edinburgh \u2013 or indeed the East of Scotland \u2013 had previously reached the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028072-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Scottish Cup Final, Background\nThe two teams had been drawn to face each other on three previous occasions. Dumbarton beat Hibernian 6\u20132 three times \u2013 although one was successfully protested \u2013 in 1879\u201380 and 1881\u201382 before Hibernian came out on top after a replay in 1885\u201386.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028073-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Sonora earthquake\nThe 1887 Sonora earthquake occurred at 22:13 UCT on 3 May in the Teras mountain range of northwestern Mexico. It was widely felt, with some damage being recorded up to 200 kilometres (120\u00a0mi) from the epicenter in both Mexico and the United States. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.6 and caused 42 casualties in the town of Bavispe and 51 overall. It was the only historical earthquake to cause considerable damage in Arizona. The 1887 Tombstone Arizona newspapers mentioned lesser quakes (aftershocks) on August 27, 1887, and November 11, 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028073-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Sonora earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe earthquake was located near the southern end of the extensional Basin and Range Province. The western margin of the Sierra Madre Occidental plateau is formed by a series of west-dipping normal faults, over a distance of at least 300 kilometres (190\u00a0mi). The earthquake occurred within this zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 40], "content_span": [41, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028073-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Sonora earthquake, Damage\nTowns near the epicenter suffered significant damage, particularly in Bavispe, where most houses were destroyed and 42 of the town's 700 inhabitants were killed. Houses of adobe construction were also destroyed in Tepic and Moctezuma. The houses were roofed with heavy log rafters that were untied to the adobe walls and fell in when the walls collapsed. The earthquake triggered many rockfalls and landslides and caused ground fissures. Moderate to severe damage occurred in northeastern Sonora, northwestern Chihuahua, southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona and the westernmost part of Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028073-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Sonora earthquake, Characteristics\nThe earthquake was associated with a surface rupture consisting of three segments with a combined length of 101.8\u00a0km, the longest normal fault rupture recorded for an earthquake in historic times. The three faults that ruptured were the Pit\u00e1ycachi, Teras, and Otates faults from north to south. The magnitude of the event has been estimated as 7.6 on the moment magnitude scale from an analysis of an isoseismal map drawn up for this event, following a re-evaluation of earlier estimates of felt intensity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028073-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Sonora earthquake, Characteristics\nThere was a prolonged sequence of aftershocks that are interpreted to continue to the present. Particularly large aftershocks (about magnitude 5) occurred on 26 May 1907, 17 May 1913 and 18 and 19 December 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028073-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Sonora earthquake, Assistance and reporting\nThe earthquake destroyed most of the adobe houses in Bavispe and killed 42 of the town's 700 residents; Dr. George E. Goodfellow in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, loaded his wagon with medical supplies and rode 140 kilometres (87\u00a0mi) to aid survivors. The townspeople named him El Doctor Santo (The Holy Doctor), and in recognition of his humanitarian contributions, Mexican President Porfirio Diaz presented him with a silver medal that had belonged to Emperor Maximilian and a horse named El Rosillo. Goodfellow noted that it was very difficult to pin down the time of the earthquake due to the absence of time pieces or a nearby railroad, and the primitive living standards of the area's residents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 48], "content_span": [49, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028073-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 Sonora earthquake, Assistance and reporting\nGoodfellow returned twice, the second time in July with Tombstone photographer Camillus Sidney Fly to study and record the effects of the earthquake. He covered over 700 miles (1,100\u00a0km) on horseback but mostly on foot through the Sierra Madre Oriental mountains recording his observations. His report included the first surface rupture map of an earthquake in North America and photographs of the rupture scarp by C.S. Fly. The United States Geological Service praised his \"remarkable and creditable\" report, describing it as \"systematic, conscientious, and thorough.\" The earthquake was at the time the \u201clongest recorded normal-fault surface rupture in historic time.\u201d His report was later described as an \u201coutstanding study\u201d and a \u201cpioneering achievement\u201d.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 48], "content_span": [49, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028074-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 South Australian colonial election\nColonial elections were held in South Australia from 19 March to 21 April 1887. All 52 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028074-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 South Australian colonial election\nSince the inaugural 1857 election, no parties or solid groupings had been formed, which resulted in frequent changes of the Premier. If for any reason the incumbent Premier of South Australia lost sufficient support through a successful motion of no confidence at any time on the floor of the house, he would tender his resignation to the Governor of South Australia, which would result in interested members declaring their intent to run for the vacant position. A parliamentary ballot would then take place, resulting in the member with the most votes being sworn in by the Governor as the next Premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028074-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 South Australian colonial election\nHowever, from this election there began a growing informal division between groups of members who were loosely described as \u2018conservative\u2019 and \u2018radical\u2019 by the press. The \u2018conservatives\u2019 found their leaders in John Cox Bray and John William Downer, while the \u2018radicals\u2019 were led by John Colton, Thomas Playford and John Cockburn. The leaders often contested government against their reported allies in loose alliances, producing an element of political \u2018structure\u2019 which continued the previous term's trend toward increased government stability. The United Labor Party would be formed in 1891, while the National Defence League would be formed later in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028075-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 South Donegal by-election\nThe South Donegal by-election, 1887 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of South Donegal on 2 February 1887. It arose as a result of the death of the sitting member, Bernard Kelly of the Irish Parliamentary Party, on 1 January.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028075-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 South Donegal by-election\nThe Times reported on 21 January that the seat had been offered by the Irish party leader, Charles Stewart Parnell, to the former member for Tyrone, Thomas Alexander Dickson, but that he had refused unless he could run as an 'independent Gladstonian Liberal' and would not sign the pledge required of members of the Irish Parliamentary Party; instead, it was reported that Tim Healy, who had lost his South Londonderry seat at the last general election, was to be the candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028075-0001-0001", "contents": "1887 South Donegal by-election\nOn 24 January, however, it was announced that Mr Parnell had asked J. G. Swift MacNeill, Professor of Constitutional and Criminal Law at the King's Inns, Dublin, to be the candidate, saying that MacNeill's election, as a Protestant, by the Catholic electors of South Donegal would have a great effect of dispelling the fears and prejudices of Northern Protestants'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028075-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 South Donegal by-election\nThe other nominated candidate in the by-election was Henry Monsell Munster, representing the Liberal Unionists. Munster received 933 votes; MacNeill received 4,604 and was duly declared elected. He went on to represent the constituency until 1918.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028076-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 South Kerry by-election\nThe South Kerry by-election, 1887 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of South Kerry on 27 September 1887. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, John O'Connor of the Irish Parliamentary Party. In the resulting by-election another Irish Parliamentary Party candidate, Denis Kilbride, a tenant farmer, was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028077-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 South Sligo by-election\nThe South Sligo by-election, 1887 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of South Sligo on 7 February 1887. The sitting member, Thomas Sexton of the Irish Parliamentary Party had been re-elected in the general election of 1886, but having been elected also in the constituency of Belfast West, he chose to sit for the latter. In the ensuing by-election another Irish Parliamentary Party candidate, Edward Joseph Kennedy, was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028078-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 South Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of South Sydney on 4 June 1887 because Bernhard Wise (Free Trade) was appointed Attorney General in the fourth Parkes ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested. Most of the ministry was not required to face a by-election as they had been appointed prior to the general election in February 1887. William Foster had been the Attorney General however he resigned on the ground that he had been promised an appointment to the Supreme Court and Henry Stephen had been appointed instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028078-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 South Sydney colonial by-election, Aftermath\nWith a margin of just 40 votes, William Traill challenged the result in the Elections and Qualifications Committee. The Committee consisted of 2 Free Trade members (William Trickett and Charles Garland) and 3 Protectionist members (James Garvan, Thomas Slattery and Henry Clarke). The committee scrutinised the ballot papers and held that Wise was properly elected, finding that the true result was Wise 2,611, Traill 2,571, formal 5,182, informal 62, total 5,244.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season\nThe 1887 Southern Rugby Football Union season was the 14th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. This was the fifth competition for the Gardiner Challenge Cup which was awarded to the winners of the premiership. The football season was from May till August 1887. The season culminated in the premiership, which was won by Sydney University who were crowned premiers after winning the first ever final against Arfoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams\nFor the 1887 Gardiner Cup, the Southern Rugby Football Union amended the rules for entry into the competition. It was decided that all clubs within the union had the right to enter after paying the entry fee. Eleven clubs entered the competition and were added to the draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams\nAmongst the names of clubs that folded over the off-season was the name Redfern. The Redfern club had been the premiers only a few seasons prior but had succumbed to internal wars and disagreements. After the draw had been created and the first games underway, Parramatta informed the union that the club was folding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams\nThe union declared all games against the now defunct club as null.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nAt a meeting of the union, the new rules were set for the Gardiner Challenge Cup of 1887. Amendments to the rules from previous seasons included the opening of the competition to all union clubs. It was decided that the teams entered into the competition would be entered into a ballot to determine the draw for the season and that all cup games would be held between 24 May and 1 August. Teams would be ranked according to the number of wins with byes counted as wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0004-0001", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nIn addition, at the conclusion of these games, the eight clubs with the best record would then be matched in further games to determine the winner of the cup. Later in the season, it was decided at a meeting of the Union to bring forward the finals and not play the final round of games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nThe Sydney University Football Club completed the season without suffering defeat. Every game they played was won with ease, except for their game against Rosedale. The strength of the team was in their forwards with all players excelling at dribbling the ball. Their halfback, Paddy Flynn proved to be quick and accurate with his kicking. Many of the older and more experienced players led the way with performance. The club were considered to be worthy winners of the cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nArfoma Football Club displayed great improvement over their performance of the previous season. The club finished as well-deserved runners-up to the University. Hillyar, Hill, Fallick and Ashworth proved to be performing better than ever. The team were fast and nimble. Their only fault was their small stature: weight is a major contributor to success in Rugby Football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nThe Wallaroo Football Club were unfortunate to suffer a number of injuries during the season that hampered their performance on the field. Chief amongst these was their captain, C Wade, who was considered one of the best players in Sydney. Rather than see the club play short, some of their older players who had retired played a few matches to complete the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0008-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nBurwood had a successful season losing only their two games against Sydney University. The team boasted quality players such as Percy Chapman (their highly regarded captain), HV Harris (considered one of the best kickers in Sydney) and Samuel Chapman (brother to their captain). Burwood were considered the second best team in the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0009-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nLast seasons premiers, the Gordon Football Club, disappointed many fans of the game. Compared to the previous season the results for the club were very poor winning less than half their games. Questions were being asked as to why they had performed below expectations. The team was still able to boast excellent players and a quality captain in James O'Donnell and the administration of the club was fine. No answer was forthcoming so it was hoped that the club would perform to their previous high standard in the new year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0010-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals\nA \"finals series\" was held for the first time in 1887. At the conclusion of the main draw of games, which were scheduled to end on 30 July, the top eight ranked teams would proceed to the second round of games. For the next week, the top four teams would remain and then the top two ranked teams would compete for the cup in the third week. At a meeting of the Union it was decided to bring the finals forward to begin on 30 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0011-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals\nThe top eight teams qualified for the finals with games decided by ballot. Three games were played on the Agricultural Grounds with approximately 1000 people watching them. University easily defeated Newtown winning 27 to nil. Arfoma won a tight contest against Balmain 4 points to nil. Wallaroo defeated a disappointing Gordon 10 points to nil. On the Ashfield Recreation Reserve Burwood defeated Rosedale 7 to nil. Each of the winners proceeded to week 2 of the finals. The top four teams ranked by wins progressed into the Semi Finals. Both games were played on the Agricultural Ground. On the northern field University won a tight contest against Burwood 4 points to nil. On the southern field Arfoma defeated Wallaroo 9 points to nil. Approximately 2000 people were in attendance across both of the games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0012-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals, Final, 13 August\nThe Final saw Sydney University compete against the young Arfoma club. Atrocious weather kept much of the crowds away with approximately 500 in attendance. Rain turned the ground into a quagmire and a strong wind made it hard to kick accurately. Early in the game, Arfoma unfortunately lost two of their best players to injury. Their opponents sportingly allowed them to draft in two replacements. A close contest saw the scoreline at the end of the first half being 2 points to nil in favour of University. The remaining half saw eventual winners University adding 10 points using the winds at their backs to their advantage. The final score was recorded as 12 points to nil. As a result of this win, Sydney University were declared undefeated premiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 813]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0013-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Junior Cup\nThe Junior Cup was made open for all clubs not participating in the Gardiner Cup. Players who have participated in senior games were not eligible for participating in the Junior Cup. As the cup from the previous year had been won by the Oxford club, a new cup was created and would be given to the winner of the 1887 season. Seventeen clubs entered into the competition for the Atkinson-Price Cup. At the conclusion of the season Double Bay and Elvira competed in the final for the cup. The game was an even contest with no scores made until the final minutes. Elvira won the match and the Atkinson-Price Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0014-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Union Cup\nIt was decided that a Union Cup would be offered for all clubs who did not participate in either the Gardiner Cup or the Junior Cup. The rules for the new competition were written and were similar to both the Senior and Junior Cups. Eligible clubs were stretched to include any club who had not completed the MacGregor Cup of 1886 and second teams of existing clubs competing in the other cup competitions. Eleven clubs submitted entries for the competition. At the conclusion of the season Sydney University II and Wallaroo II competed for the Union Cup. University II won the match and the cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028079-0015-0000", "contents": "1887 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nAt the conclusion of the Gardiner Cup, a New South Wales team was organised to travel to Brisbane to play Queensland in two intercolonial matches. The first match saw a close contest with the accurate boot of Exton giving Queensland the win 9 points to 8. The return match saw another tight contest. Many unsuccessful attempts to kick a goal were made by both teams with the score remaining empty at half time. New South Wales managed to score two tries in the second half to take the win 4 points to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028080-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 St Austell by-election\nThe 1887 St Austell by-election was a by-election held on 18 May 1887 for the British House of Commons constituency of St Austell in Cornwall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028080-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 St Austell by-election\nThe by-election was triggered by the resignation of the serving Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP), William Copeland Borlase. It was retained by the Liberal candidate William Alexander McArthur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028081-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 St Ives by-election\nThe 1887 St Ives by-election was held on 9 July 1887 after the incumbent Liberal Unionist MP, Sir John St Aubyn being elevated to the Peerage. The seat was retained by the Liberal Unionist candidate, Thomas Bedford Bolitho, who was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028082-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 St Leonards colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of St Leonards on 24 October 1887 because of the resignation of Sir Henry Parkes (Free Trade) due to insolvency, having assigned his estate for the benefit of his creditors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028083-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1887 St. Louis Browns season was the team's sixth season in St. Louis, Missouri, and the sixth season in the American Association. The Browns went 95\u201340 during the season and finished first in the American Association, winning their third pennant in a row. In the World Series the Browns played the National League champion Detroit Wolverines, losing the series 10 games to 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028083-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Drawing the color line in baseball\nRacial segregation started to become a custom in baseball about the time that eight members of the Browns withdrew from playing exhibition game in September against the New York Cubans, a prominent 'colored' team. During this time, it was a popular practice to refer to teams of African American players as Cuban, Hispanic, or Arabian to deflect the racial stigma of the time, even though many were predominantly none of the three. News accounts reported that \"for the first time in the history of base ball the color line has been drawn, and that by the St. Louis Browns, who have established the precedent that white players must not play with colored men.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 80], "content_span": [81, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028083-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Drawing the color line in baseball\nThe Browns were in Philadelphia with plans to travel to New York City to play the Cuban Giants in an exhibition game. Scheduled long in advance with a \"big guarantee\", a crowd was anticipated in excess of 15,000 spectators. However, the night before departure to New York, eight Browns players signed a letter addressed to Von der Ahe and delivered it in person. The letter read:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 80], "content_span": [81, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028083-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Drawing the color line in baseball\nWe, the undersigned, members of the St. Louis Baseball Club, do not agree to play against negroes to-morrow. We will cheerfully play against white people at any time, and think, by refusing to play, we are only doing what is right, taking everything into consideration and the shape the team is in at present.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 80], "content_span": [81, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028083-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Drawing the color line in baseball\nManager and first baseman Charlie Comiskey was reportedly unaware of the letter and Ed Knouff refused to sign it. The Cuban Giants had previously played numerous exhibition games against other 'white' teams including Chicago, Indianapolis, Detroit, Louisville, Philadelphia. This was the first reported account that any club refused to play them because of their race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 80], "content_span": [81, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028083-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Drawing the color line in baseball\nThe cancellation of the game with the Cuban Giants was merely symptomatic of a larger trend occurring in professional baseball. The boycott occurred during the same season in which Cap Anson of the Chicago White Stockings threatened not to play any 'white' professional teams who hired black players and just months after the International League prohibited further signing of black players. Clearly the tide was moving toward segregation in baseball, so the St. Louis Browns' withdrawal brought wider attention to what was to become a norm in the United States. Ironically, it would be by an act 60 years later by then-former Cardinals executive in Branch Rickey that broke the color barrier in MLB when he d\u00e9buted Jackie Robinson in 1947 with the Brooklyn Dodgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 80], "content_span": [81, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028083-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028083-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028083-0008-0000", "contents": "1887 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028083-0009-0000", "contents": "1887 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028084-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Staten Island Cricket Club football team\nThe 1887 Staten Island Cricket Club football team  was an American football team that represented the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball club during the 1887 football season. In their first year as a member of the American Football Union, the Islanders compiled a 1\u20133 record (all in the AFU), and were outscored by their opponents by a total of 52 to 37.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028085-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Swiss federal election\nFederal elections were held in Switzerland on 30 October 1887. The Radical Left narrowly retained its majority in the National Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028085-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Swiss federal election, Electoral system\nThe 145 members of the National Council were elected in 49 single- and multi-member constituencies using a three-round system. Candidates had to receive a majority in the first or second round to be elected; if it went to a third round, only a plurality was required. Voters could cast as many votes as there were seats in their constituency. There was one seat for every 20,000 citizens, with seats allocated to cantons in proportion to their population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028085-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Swiss federal election, Results, Summary\nVoter turnout was highest in Schaffhausen (where voting was compulsory) at 95.5% and lowest in Zug at 18.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028086-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Swiss referendums\nTwo referendums were held in Switzerland in 1887. The first was held on 15 May, asking voters whether they approved of a federal law on spirits, and was approved by 65.9% of voters. The second was held on 10 July, asking voters whether they approved of an amendment made to article 64 of the federal constitution, and was approved by 77.9% of voters and 20.5 cantons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028086-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Swiss referendums, Background\nThe spirits referendum was an optional referendum, which meant that only a majority of the public vote was required for the proposal to be approved. The constitutional referendum was a mandatory referendum, which required both a majority of voters and cantons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election\nThe Taunton by-election of 1887 was held on 23 April 1887 in Taunton, Somerset, following the succession of the incumbent, Samuel Charles Allsopp, to the peerage upon the death of his father, becoming 2nd Baron Hindlip. One of Lord Hindlip's brothers, Alfred Percy Allsopp, stood for the Conservative Party, while James Harris Sanders was the candidate for the Liberal Party. Allsopp was elected, with a majority of 536 votes (23.1%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election\nAlthough they had considered not contesting the election because the area was a Conservative stronghold, the Liberals decided to do so in order to generate a discussion on the issue of Home Rule for Ireland. Allsopp was in agreement with the Conservative policy, which was to maintain full governmental control over Ireland, and pass further Coercion Acts to reduce lawlessness in that country. Sanders, who had lost two previous elections for the Liberal Party, was in favour of devolution of powers to Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election, Background, Vacancy and nominations\nAt the 1886 general election, Samuel Allsopp held his seat in parliament unopposed for the Conservative Party. In April 1887, his father, Henry Allsopp, 1st Baron Hindlip, died. As a result of this, Samuel Allsopp succeeded, entering the House of Lords as a peer. This left the parliamentary constituency of Taunton vacant. The Conservative Party offered Samuel Allsopp's brother, Alfred Percy Allsopp (commonly known as Percy Allsopp) the chance to contest the vacancy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 61], "content_span": [62, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0002-0001", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election, Background, Vacancy and nominations\nInitially it was reported that the Liberal Party would not contest the seat if Percy Allsopp was the only Conservative candidate, but a meeting of the local executive could not reach a consensus: some believed that as the area was so strongly Conservative, a large loss would be damaging to the party, while others wanted to generate a debate on Home Rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 61], "content_span": [62, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0002-0002", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election, Background, Vacancy and nominations\nDespite the Taunton executive of the Conservative Party selecting Percy Allsopp as their preferred candidate, the town's Mayor, Samuel Farrant, declared that he would also stand for the Conservatives, which led to concern within that party that a split of the votes could result in a Liberal candidate being elected. Farrant later withdrew his candidacy, leaving Allsopp as the Conservative's sole representative. After their initial uncertainty, the Liberals opted to give the Taunton electorate the opportunity to show their views on Home Rule, and chose James Harris Sanders, of London, as their candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 61], "content_span": [62, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election, Background, Candidates\nAlfred Percy Allsopp was the seventh, and youngest, son of Henry Allsopp, 1st Baron Hindlip, and at the time of the election, was resident in Lichfield, Staffordshire. He often accompanied his brother during his time in office in Taunton, and had occasionally represented him in the town. The Taunton Courier noted that at one dinner, he \"made a great impression by the perspicacity of his utterances, by the breadth of view they indicated, and by his fluency of speech.\" He was a partner in Samuel Allsopp & Sons, which along with Guinness and Bass was one of the largest brewers in the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election, Background, Candidates\nJames Harris Sanders, commonly Harris Sanders, was born in Tavistock, Devon, the second son of Richard Sanders. Sanders had previously stood in the 1886 general election in Harborough, South Leicestershire, and in the King's Lynn by-election in the same year, losing both. The Western Times described him as \"an unexceptionable candidate\", while the Taunton Courier elaborated on his past election performances, and commented that he was \"becoming accustomed to acting as a political ninepin\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election, Background, Home Rule\nHome Rule was the key issue in British politics in the late 1880s. The debate revolved around granting Ireland more powers to govern themselves. William Ewart Gladstone, the Liberal Prime Minister, proposed the First Home Rule Bill in April 1886, aiming to devolve power to Ireland. The Conservatives were opposed to the Bill, and were joined by a number of Liberal members in defeating the Bill. This caused a split in the Liberal party, the creation of the Liberal Unionist Party, and a fresh general election, just a year after the last. At the 1886 general election, the Conservatives entered government with Lord Salibsury as Prime Minister. They formed a majority with the Liberal Unionists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election, Election campaign\nAt the Conservative Assembly meeting at which Allsopp was formally nominated as the party's candidate, one of his nominators, Mr J. Standfast, decried the situation in Ireland. He called upon the people of Taunton to show that they \"disapproved of the murders, and robberies, and outrages which were so common in Ireland, and were not prepared to hand over to the instigators of those crimes the government of that island.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0006-0001", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election, Election campaign\nAllsopp did not initially campaign heavily, while he grieved for his father, but he did leave an advert in the Taunton Courier stating his support for the Conservative government's position on the administration of Ireland. He noted that his views mirrored those of his brother, the previous MP. During his campaigning, Allsopp drew parallels between the 1881 Coercion Bill, which Gladstone had introduced, with the proposed Crimes Bill, which Gladstone and Sanders both opposed. He accused them of hypocrisy, and claimed that those in support of Home Rule did not understand what it meant. He spoke of his hope for the Crimes Bill to be passed, and his belief that it would end the \"misery and distress\" in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election, Election campaign\nAt Sanders' nomination, the Liberal candidate spoke of his \"entire concurrence\" with Gladstone's proposals. At a meeting shortly thereafter, Sanders seconded a resolution raised by a fellow Liberal member protesting \"against the attempt to impose coercion upon Ireland for ever.\" Sanders then highlighted the Corrupt Practices Act, and appealed to the party members to not only avoid engaging in any corruption, but to remain honourable at all times. He spoke at length about the virtues of Liberalism, and what he described as the sad history of Ireland under English rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0007-0001", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election, Election campaign\nThe following Monday, which was Easter Monday, Sanders travelled to London to take part in demonstrations against the Perpetual Crimes Bill. As the election drew close, Sanders issued a statement that he had deposited \u00a31,500 in a local bank, of which \u00a3500 would be split as rewards if people presented evidence of bribery and corruption in the election that led to a conviction. The other \u00a31,000 was set aside for a possible petition against the election result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0008-0000", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election, Election campaign\nThe two sides both adopted mottoes during the election: the Conservatives called for people to \"Vote for Allsopp and liberty\", while the Liberals used \"No Coercion, vote for Sanders.\" Cartoons were distributed by the Liberals, illustrating the recent evictions in Ireland. In reaction, the Conservatives posted pictures of \"brutal outrages\" that had been recently committed in that country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0009-0000", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election, Result\nThe vote was held on Saturday 23 April 1887, with the booths open for twelve hours from eight in the morning. There were seven polling stations across Taunton, which was busy as it was market day. The Taunton Courier reported that party colours of both sides were on display, but that there was more \"Conservative blue\" than the tri-colour and Union Jack of the Liberals. Campaigning continued throughout the day, but was conducted in a civil manner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0009-0001", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election, Result\nTwo hours into the voting it was announced that a third of the constituency had voted, and the Conservatives declared that they were leading by a ratio of two to one. Bad weather in the middle of the day caused a lull in the voting, but the polls were very busy throughout the afternoon when the weather cleared, as most of the town only worked half of the day. Based upon their polling on the day, the Conservatives continued to claim victory during the afternoon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0009-0002", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election, Result\nThe votes were counted in the Municipal Office, and the results were announced at quarter-past nine in the evening. Allsopp received 1,426 votes to Sanders' 890, granting him a 536 majority. Both Allsopp and Sanders spoke briefly to praise the Returning Officer, and Allsopp was then called upon to give a speech. During that speech, Allsopp thanked the people of Taunton, and gently mocked Sanders for the money he had banked in case of corruption.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028087-0010-0000", "contents": "1887 Taunton by-election, Aftermath\nDespite initial suggestions that a petition would be lodged against the result by Sanders, including a strong assertion in the Pall Mall Gazette, such a petition was eventually abandoned. Allsopp entered parliament, becoming the 18th new Member of Parliament to be elected since the general election in 1886. Allsopp served as the Member for Taunton until the 1895 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028088-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Te Aro by-election\nThe 1887 Te Aro by-election was a by-election held in the single-member Te Aro electorate during the 8th New Zealand Parliament, on 15 April 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028088-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Te Aro by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Charles Johnston; who was replaced by Francis Humphris Fraser.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028089-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1887 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028089-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThurles won the championship after a 0-03 to 0-00 defeat of North Tipperary in the final. It was their first ever championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028090-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Tufts Jumbos football team\nThe 1887 Tufts Jumbos football team represented Tufts University in the 1887 college football season. The Jumbos finished the season with a record of 4\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028091-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nList of champions of the 1887 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open). The men's tournament was held from 22 August to 30 August on the outdoor Grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. It was the 7th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year. In 1887 the first U.S. Women's National Singles Championship was held. The event was launched at the Philadelphia Cricket Club, PA and was played after the men's tournament had ended. 17-year-old Philadelphian Ellen Hansell became the first women's champion. The men's doubles event was played at the Orange Lawn Tennis Club in South Orange, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028091-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Champions, Men's Doubles\nRichard D. Sears /  James Dwight defeated  Howard Taylor /  Henry Slocum 6\u20134, 3\u20136, 2\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 67], "content_span": [68, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028092-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Doubles\nIn the final, Sears and Dwight won in five sets against Taylor and Slocum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028093-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nRichard Sears won his 7th consecutive title by beating Henry Slocum in the challenge round 6\u20131, 6\u20133, 6\u20132, to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1887 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028094-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nEllen Hansell defeated Laura Knight 6\u20131, 6\u20130 in the final to win the inaugural event of the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1887 U.S. National Championships. It was played on outdoor grass courts and held from September 27 through October 5, 1887 at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Wissahickon, Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028095-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 United States House of Representatives elections\nThere were elections in 1887 to the United States House of Representatives:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028096-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nThe 1887 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held during January 1887. Republican incumbent Henry L. Dawes was re-elected to a third term over opposition from within his own party, led by former Governor John Davis Long.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028096-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nAt the time, Massachusetts elected United States senators by a majority vote of the combined houses of the Massachusetts General Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028096-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background\nMassachusetts had been a solidly Republican state since the start of the American Civil War. The Senate consisted of 25 Republicans and 14 Democrats, and the House consisted of 158 Republicans, 78 Democrats, and 5 independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028096-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Campaign\nOn January 10, Long supporters in the legislature moved for a binding Republican caucus to nominate a single candidate and coalesce the Republican vote. Dawes supporters killed the motion and instead substituted one for a non-binding conference. Without a binding caucus, the candidates would be put to the whole of the legislature, where Dawes could rely on his support among Democrats and independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 61], "content_span": [62, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028096-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Campaign\nSome considered the matter to be a conclusive victory for Dawes. However, there was a chance that Long could pick up Democratic votes in the legislature, as he had in 1883.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 61], "content_span": [62, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028096-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Campaign\nOn January 11, both candidates conducted separate canvasses of the legislature, and each found that they would win by around 75 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 61], "content_span": [62, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028096-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Campaign\nOn January 17, Democrats caucused and determined to cast their first ballot for Patrick A. Collins, and then to divide between Dawes and Long on subsequent ballots. Supporters of Governor George Robinson also determined to cast their ballots for Dawes after voting for Robinson in early balloting, a major blow to Long.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 61], "content_span": [62, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028096-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Balloting, First ballot\nOn the first ballots, Long was well behind Dawes. However, some of his supporters intentionally cast ballots for George Robinson. No candidate was close to the required majority in either house. It was generally conceded by all but the Long faction that Dawes would be re-elected given his unexpected lead in the House and rumors that Democrats would cast their votes for him tomorrow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 76], "content_span": [77, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028096-0008-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Balloting, Second ballot\nOn January 19, Democrats held a legislative conference to determine their action on the second ballot. The legislature met in joint convention to decide the election, rather than meeting as separate houses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 77], "content_span": [78, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028097-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in New York\nThe 1887 United States Senate election in New York was held from January 18 to 20, 1887, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 1) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028097-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nRepublican Warner Miller had been elected to this seat in a special election in 1881 to succeed Thomas C. Platt who had resigned. Miller's term would expire on March 3, 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028097-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nAt the State election in November 1885, 20 Republicans and 12 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1886-1887) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1886, 74 Republicans and 54 Democrats were elected for the session of 1887 to the Assembly. The 110th New York State Legislature met from January 4 to May 26, 1887, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028097-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus\nThe caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 17, President pro tempore of the State Senate Edmund L. Pitts presided. 20 State senators and 71 assemblymen attended. Ex-Speaker of the Assembly George Z. Erwin (a Morton man) moved that a majority of all Republican legislators should be necessary to nominate, not only a majority of those present, meaning that 48 votes were required instead of 46, which was carried by a vote of 52 to 39. The incumbent U.S. Senator Warner Miller (Half-Breed faction) failed to be nominated by only four votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028097-0003-0001", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus\nLevi P. Morton (Stalwart faction) was rejected by the caucus, like in 1885. A small faction voted for Congressman Frank Hiscock. After the second ballot, Erwin moved to adjourn, which was carried by 48 to 43. The caucus met again on the next day, no choice was made in another two ballots. The caucus met again on January 19 after the joint ballot of the State Legislature, and after twelve more ballots, Erwin withdrew Morton's name and urged the Morton men to vote for Hiscock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028097-0003-0002", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus\nOn the next ballot Hiscock received one vote more than Miller (47 to 46), but was one short of the previously established majority of 48. On the 18th and last ballot, Hiscock received 50 votes and was nominated. On the next day, Hiscock was elected on the second joint ballot of the State Legislature. Thus, by blocking Miller's re-election, the Republican boss Thomas C. Platt took his revenge for his defeat at the special election in 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028097-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Democratic caucus\nThe Democratic caucus nominated Smith Mead Weed (1834-1920), a lawyer and businessman of Plattsburgh, New York. Weed had been a member of the New York State Assembly from Clinton County, New York in 1865, 1866, 1867, 1871, 1873 and 1874; and a delegate to the 1876 and 1884 Democratic National Conventions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028097-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in New York, Aftermath\nHiscock served a single term, and remained in office until March 3, 1893. In January 1893, Hiscock was defeated for re-election by Democrat Edward Murphy, Jr..", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028098-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1887 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on January 18, 1887. Matthew Quay was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028098-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results\nThe Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate, convened on January 18, 1887, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1887. The results of the vote of both houses are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 59], "content_span": [60, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028099-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1887, in six states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028099-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 United States gubernatorial elections\nKentucky and Maryland held their gubernatorial elections in odd numbered years, every 4 years, preceding the United States presidential election year. Massachusetts and Rhode Island both elected its governors to a single-year term, which they would abandon in 1920 and 1912, respectively. Iowa and Ohio at this time held gubernatorial elections in every odd numbered year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028100-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 VFA season\nThe 1887 Victorian Football Association season was the 11th season of the Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028100-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 VFA season\nThe premiership was won by the Carlton Football Club. It was the second and last VFA premiership in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028100-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 VFA season, Association membership\nThe metropolitan membership of the Association (including Geelong) remained unchanged from the fifteen clubs which contested the premiership in 1886. The three Ballarat-based clubs (Ballarat, Ballarat Imperial and South Ballarat) also remained senior clubs; however, unlike in previous years, they were included in the premiership lists by all of the major sportswriters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028100-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 VFA season, 1887 VFA premiership\nThe premiership was won by the Carlton Football Club, which played eighteen matches for the season, winning fifteen and drawing two. The runner-up was Geelong, which won sixteen and drew three matches from twenty-one played. South Melbourne was ranked third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028100-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 VFA season, 1887 VFA premiership\nAlthough no official system for deciding the premiership existed, it was conventional for the club which suffered the fewest defeats during the season to be named premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028100-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 VFA season, 1887 VFA premiership\nOn July 2, a weakened Geelong, which was missing eight of its best twenty due to unavailability, suffered one of its two losses for the season when Ballarat Imperial beat them 3.4 to 0.2 at the Eastern Oval in Ballarat. Geelong lodged a protest with the Association that the match should not be counted toward the premiership on the following grounds:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028100-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 VFA season, 1887 VFA premiership\nHowever, the Association had in place a stringent rule in place that any match played on a Saturday between two Association clubs would count towards the premiership, and Geelong's protest was rejected by a large majority of delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028100-0007-0000", "contents": "1887 VFA season, 1887 VFA premiership\nHad Geelong been successful in having the match excluded from the premiership, ceteris paribus, it and Carlton would each have finished with only one defeat for the season, and a playoff match would likely have been arranged to decide the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028100-0008-0000", "contents": "1887 VFA season, 1887 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe below table details the records of the eighteen clubs in senior matches during the 1887 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028100-0009-0000", "contents": "1887 VFA season, 1887 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nIn addition to Saturday matches, matches played on Queen's Birthday were counted towards the premiership, but matches played on the celebration the Golden Jubilee were not counted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028100-0010-0000", "contents": "1887 VFA season, 1887 VFA premiership, Club senior records\nThe clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Sportsman newspaper. The VFA had no formal process by which the clubs were ranked, so the below order should be considered indicative only, particularly since the fixturing of matches was not standardised; however, the top three placings were later acknowledged in publications including the Football Record and are considered official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 58], "content_span": [59, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028101-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Vermont Green and Gold football team\nThe 1887 Vermont Green and Gold football team represented the University of Vermont during the 1887 college football season. The Green and Gold finished the season with an 0\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028102-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1887 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia in the 1887 college football season. On November 13, 1887, the Cavaliers and Pantops Academy fought to a scoreless tie in the first organized football game in the state of Virginia. Students at UVA were playing pickup games of the kicking-style of football as early as 1870, and some accounts even claim that some industrious ones organized a game against Washington and Lee College in 1871, just two years after Rutgers and Princeton's historic first game in 1869. But no record has been found of the score of this contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028103-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Virton\n1887 Virton, provisional designation 1950 TD, is a stony Eoan asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 21 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Belgian astronomer Sylvain Arend at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle on 5 October 1950, and named after the Belgian town of Virton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028103-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Virton, Orbit and classification\nVirton is a member of the Eos family. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7\u20133.3\u00a0AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,902 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 10\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 37], "content_span": [38, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028103-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Virton, Orbit and classification\nThe body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Uccle, as previous observations at Johannesburg, Crimea-Simeis and Turku Observatory remained unused.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 37], "content_span": [38, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028103-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Virton, Physical characteristics\nThe asteroid has been characterized as a common stony S-type asteroid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 37], "content_span": [38, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028103-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 Virton, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nAccording to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Virton measures between 20.8 and 23.43 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.105 and 0.124, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.14 and calculates a diameter of 21.4 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 58], "content_span": [59, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028103-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 Virton, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves\nAs of 2017, Virton's rotation period and shape remain unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 50], "content_span": [51, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028103-0006-0000", "contents": "1887 Virton, Naming\nThis minor planet was named after the town and capital district, Virton, in the southernmost part Belgium. It is located very close to Robelmont, Arend's birthplace (also see 1145 Robelmonte). The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 22 September 1983 (M.P.C. 8151).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 19], "content_span": [20, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028104-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Washington Nationals season\nThe 1887 Washington Nationals finished with a 46\u201376 record in the National League, finishing in seventh place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028104-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028104-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028104-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028105-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Wentworth colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Wentworth on 28 September 1887 because of the resignation of William MacGregor (Protectionist).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028106-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Williams Ephs football team\nThe 1887 Williams Ephs football team represented the Williams College during the 1887 college football season. The team finished with a final record of 3\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028107-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1887 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 2 July until 7 July. It was the 11th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1887. From 1880 to 1887 the men's singles draw fell from 60 to 16, this was attributed to the superior expertise of the Renshaw brothers and Herbert Lawford. Lawford won the gentleman's singles title after defeating Ernest Renshaw in the All Comers final. Defending champions William Renshaw was unable to play the Challenge Round due to a tennis elbow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028107-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Wimbledon Championships\nThe Ladies singles competition was won by Lottie Dod who won the title at an age of 15 years and 285 days and became the youngest ever Wimbledon singles champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028107-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Gentlemen's Singles\nHerbert Lawford defeated  Ernest Renshaw, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 3\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028107-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Gentlemen's Doubles\nPatrick Bowes-Lyon /  Herbert Wilberforce defeated  Edward Barratt-Smith /  James Herbert Crispe, 6\u20133, 6\u20133, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028108-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Doubles\nPatrick Bowes-Lyon and Herbert Wilberforce defeated E. Barratt-Smith and James Crispe 7\u20135, 6\u20133, 6\u20132 in the All Comers' Final to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1887 Wimbledon Championships. The reigning champions Ernest Renshaw and William Renshaw were unable to defend their title due to William suffering from tennis elbow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028109-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Singles\nHerbert Lawford defeated Ernest Renshaw 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 2\u20136, 4\u20136, 6\u20134 in the All Comers' Final to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1887 Wimbledon Championships. The reigning champion William Renshaw was unable to defend his title due to a tennis elbow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028110-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Ladies' Singles\nLottie Dod defeated Edith Cole 6\u20132, 6\u20133 in the All Comers' Final, and then defeated the reigning champion Blanche Bingley 6\u20132, 6\u20130 in the Challenge Round to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1887 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028111-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 World Championship (football)\nThe 1887 World Championship was an exhibition football match that took place in the city of Birmingham between the Scottish FA's Hibernian (1886\u201387 Scottish Cup winners) and The FA's Aston Villa (the 1886\u201387 FA Cup winners).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028111-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 World Championship (football)\nThe match was billed by the Birmingham Daily Mail in their 7 April 1887 edition as a \"Great International Match\". Aston Villa won the match 3\u20130 to become association football's very first \"world club champions\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028111-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 World Championship (football), Overview\nOn 9 April 1887, Scottish Cup holders Hibernian, from Edinburgh, took on FA Cup winners Aston Villa in the Football World Championship at the Birmingham club's Perry Barr ground. Aston Villa won the match 3\u20130 to become what is believed to be the very first association football world club champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028111-0002-0001", "contents": "1887 World Championship (football), Overview\nThe Birmingham Daily Mail in their 7 April 1887 edition billed the game as a de facto world championship game; however, the Scottish newspapers The Glasgow Herald and The Scotsman reported on it in no grander terms or greater detail than several other cross-border challenge matches of that weekend, acknowledging the participants' cup-winning status in passing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028111-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 World Championship (football), Overview\nThis is believed to have been the first \"World Championship\" game between English and Scottish sides, although further research is required to confirm this. In this series of matches, Sunderland and Aston Villa were the only known English winners, with both teams being powerhouses in English football in the pre 1900s era. Indeed, the National Football Museum, now based in Manchester, England, referred to both sides as forming world football's first great club rivalry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028111-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 World Championship (football), Overview\nLater in 1887, Hibernian won a friendly against 1887 FA Cup semi-finalists Preston North End that was billed as 'The Association Football Championship of the World'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028112-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 World Series\nThe 1887 World Series was won by the Detroit Wolverines of the National League, over the St. Louis Browns of the American Association, 10 games to 5. It was played between October 10 and 26, and played in numerous neutral cities, as well as in Detroit and St. Louis. Detroit clinched the series in game 11.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028112-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 World Series\nThis Series was part of the pre-modern World Series, an annual competition between the champion of the National League and the champion of the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028112-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 World Series\nThe Wolverines, who had been in the League since 1881, had spent a significant sum of money to bring star players to Detroit for the 1887 season and the investment paid off with a championship, but not in money. Detroit was not yet the Motor City, and was not ready to support major league baseball. The 1887 champions folded after the 1888 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028112-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 World Series, World Championship summary\nThe Detroit Wolverines defeated the St. Louis Browns in the 1887 World Series, 10 games to 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028112-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 World Series, World Championship summary\nAfter the Wolverines won the National League pennant, owner Fred Stearns challenged the American Association champion St. Louis Browns. The Wolverines and the Browns would play \"a series of contests for supremacy\" of the baseball world. This early \"world series\" consisted of fifteen games \u2013 played in Pittsburgh, Brooklyn, New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Washington, Baltimore and Chicago, as well as Detroit and St. Louis. The Wolverines claimed their eighth victory \u2013 and thus the championship \u2013 in the eleventh game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028113-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1887 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1887 college football season. The team finished with a 9\u20130 record and was retroactively named as the national champion by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028114-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 Yellow River flood\nThe 1887 Yellow River flood was a devastating flood on the Yellow River (Huang He) in China. This river is prone to flooding due to the elevated nature of the river, running between dikes above the broad plains surrounding it. The flood, which began in September 1887, killed at least 900,000 people. The highest estimated death toll is 2,000,000. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters ever recorded. This flood is ranked one of the top most dangerous natural disasters ever.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028114-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 Yellow River flood, History\nFor centuries, the farmers living near the Yellow River had built dikes to contain the rivers, which over time flowed higher because, not allowed to flood, they had to deposit their silt on the riverbed. In 1887, this rising river, swollen by days of heavy rain, overcame the dikes on around 28 September, causing a massive flood. Since there is no international unit to measure a flood's strength it is usually classified by the extent of the damage done, depth of the water, and the number of casualties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028114-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 Yellow River flood, History\nThe waters of the Yellow River are generally thought to have broken through the dikes in Huayuankou, near the city of Zhengzhou in Henan province. Owing to the low-lying plains near the area, the flood spread very quickly throughout Northern China, covering an estimated 50,000 square miles (130,000\u00a0km2), swamping agricultural settlements and commercial centers. After the flood, two million were left homeless. The resulting pandemic and lack of basic essentials claimed as many lives as those lost directly to the flood. It was one of the worst floods in history, though the later 1931 Yangtze-Huai River flood may have killed as many as four million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028115-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 college football season\nThe 1887 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Yale as having been selected national champions. In the West, the 1887 Michigan Wolverines football team compiled a 5\u20130 record, including three wins over Notre Dame (who was playing its first game ever and did not have a varsity team yet ), and outscored its opponents by a combined score of 102 to 10. On November 13, college football was first played in the state of Virginia when the Virginia Cavaliers and Pantops Academy fought to a scoreless tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028115-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 college football season, Conference standings\nThe following is a potentially incomplete list of conference standings:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028116-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1887 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028117-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028117-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1887 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028117-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1887 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028118-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in Australian soccer\nThe 1887 season was the fourth season of competitive association football in Australia. The were two league competitions played by Northern District British Football Association (Northern NSW) and the South British Football Soccer Association (New South Wales) and three cup competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028118-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 in Australian soccer, League competitions\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028118-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 in Australian soccer, Cup competitions\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 43], "content_span": [44, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028119-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in Belgium\nThe following lists events that happened during 1887 in the Kingdom of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028121-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in Canada, Historical Documents\nSenate committee suggests seeding North-West with wild rice, developing bison hybrid, and preserving food using Indigenous ways", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028121-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 in Canada, Historical Documents\nSenate debate on North-West Territories growth blames decades of delay on British ignorance (Note: \"Indians\" and \"civilize\" stereotypes)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028121-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 in Canada, Historical Documents\nStatistical snapshot of Ontario, with note on reciprocity with U.S.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028121-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 in Canada, Historical Documents\nRoyal commission hears that labour and small business in Toronto are squeezed by increasing competition and rising rents", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028121-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 in Canada, Historical Documents\nCountering slurs in other newspapers, an editorial welcomes Mormons to Alberta", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028121-0005-0000", "contents": "1887 in Canada, Historical Documents\nOpposition Leader Wilfrid Laurier comments on \"cancer of emigration\" to United States", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028122-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1887\nThe ORFU withdrew from the CRFU and the governing body ceased to function. The St.John's Rugby Football Club (St.John's) formed in October 1887. The St. John's team met the Winnipeg Football Club (Winnipegs) to determine the first ever Manitoba champions. After splitting the first two games, a third game was scheduled to determine the winner. The Winnipegs won by a goal and a try to nil. All games were scored using the challenge system which credited the team with the most goals as the winner. The games were unofficially scored using the points system used by the CRU in eastern Canada. Based on the points system, the Winnipegs won all three games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028122-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1887, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 89], "content_span": [90, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028123-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1887 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028125-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in Costa Rica\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by BHGbot (talk | contribs) at 21:23, 18 June 2020 (WP:BHGbot 6 (List 5): eponymous category first, per MOS:CATORDER; fixed sort key; WP:GENFIXES). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028129-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in India, Events\nTrinity College London examiners conducted music examinations in Mumbai for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028132-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in Michigan, Population\nIn the 1880 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 1,636,937. By 1890, Michigan's population had increased by 27.9% to 2,093,890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028132-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 in Michigan, Population, Cities\nThe following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 5,000 based on 1880 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1870 and 1890 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028132-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 in Michigan, Population, Counties\nThe following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 30,000 based on 1880 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1870 and 1890 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028133-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1887 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028133-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nIn the general election on 22 July the Premier Robert Stout loses his seat. A new ministry is formed, the 10th New Zealand Parliament, on 8 October, with Harry Atkinson as Premier, and is announced on 11 October. This is the Atkinson's 4th separate term as Premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028133-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 in New Zealand, Sport, Athletics\nThe Canterbury, Hawke's Bay, Otago and Southland clubs form the New Zealand Amateur Athletics Association, now Athletics New Zealand. Auckland refuses to join. The NZAAA is \"one of the two oldest national bodies among the members of the IAAF\". The first New Zealand Championships will be held towards the end of the 1887\u201388 season (see 1888).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028133-0003-0000", "contents": "1887 in New Zealand, Sport, Horse racing\nThe Auckland Cup of 1887 is moved to January 1888. Subsequently the Auckland Cup is normally scheduled for New Year's Day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028133-0004-0000", "contents": "1887 in New Zealand, Sport, Rowing\nThe New Zealand Amateur Rowing Association is formed on 16 March. 9 clubs are present. The first Championships are held at the end of the 1887\u201388 season. (see 1888)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028135-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1887 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028139-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1887 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028141-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1887 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028143-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in architecture\nThe year 1887 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028145-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in association football\nThe following are the  events of 1887 in association football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028146-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1887  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028148-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028149-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in music, Events\n25 May \u2013 A fire during the 745th performance there of Mignon largely destroys the second Salle Favart, home of the Op\u00e9ra-Comique in Paris; 84 people are recorded dead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028150-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028150-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 in paleontology, Plants\nThe Fossil Grove was discovered in Glasgow, Scotland. It contains the fossilised stumps of eleven extinct Lepidodendron trees, which are sometimes described as \"giant club mosses\" but they may be more closely related to quillworts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028151-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028151-0001-0000", "contents": "1887 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028151-0002-0000", "contents": "1887 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028152-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028153-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in science\nThe year 1887 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028154-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in sports\n1887 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028155-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in the Congo Free State\nThe following lists events that happened during 1887 in the Congo Free State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028156-0000-0000", "contents": "1887 in the United Kingdom\nEvents from the year 1887 in the United Kingdom. This year was the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028158-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 British Home Championship\nThe 1887\u201388 British Home Championship was the fifth edition of the annual international football tournament played between the British Home Nations. It was the first edition of the tournament in which Scotland did not at least share in the trophy and was also notable for a record flood of goals, 46 in six games, 26 of them conceded by Ireland, who suffered a disastrous competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028158-0001-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 British Home Championship\nEngland began the tournament in the same vein as they finished it, winning the opening match 5\u20131 against Wales at the Alexandra Recreation Ground in Crewe. Wales responded to this, and to their shock defeat by Ireland the year previously with an 11\u20130 thrashing of the visiting Irish, a Welsh record scoreline which remains standing after 133 years. Any hopes of a recovery for the Welsh were however dashed in their final game when Scotland administered a 5\u20131 beating in Edinburgh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028158-0002-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 British Home Championship\nEngland returned to the fray and gained revenge for their narrow defeat in the deciding match of the previous year when they in turn thrashed Scotland 5\u20130 in Glasgow, leaving only the weak Irish in between them and the trophy. Before this however, Ireland received another massive defeat at the hands of Scotland, who beat them 2\u201310 in Belfast to take second place. In the final game, England needed only a draw to secure the title but managed a win by five goals to one to take their first undisputed championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028159-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1887\u201388 season  was the 15th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028159-0001-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nFollowing an easy first round victory, Dumbarton were knocked out of the Scottish Cup at the second round stage by their old rivals Vale of Leven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028159-0002-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Dumbarton F.C. season, Dumbartonshire Cup\nFollowing an easy win in the second round, Dumbarton lost to Renton in the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028159-0003-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Dumbarton F.C. season, Glasgow Charity Cup\nA good win was achieved in the first round against 3rd LRV, but Cambuslang were to prove too strong in the semi final replay, after a 1-1 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028159-0004-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDumbarton's fixture list during the season grew to its largest so far with 43 'friendly' matches being played. This included home and away ties against Rangers, Hibernian, Vale of Leven, Partick Thistle, Morton, Port Glasgow and 3rd LRV, a match against Renfrewshire Cup holders Abercorn, and a 4 match tour of the north of Scotland during the New Year holidays. In addition 6 matches were played against English opposition with mixed results. In all, 23 were won, 4 drawn and 16 lost, scoring 134 goals and conceding 98.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028159-0005-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOf note amongst those donning the club's colours for the first time were Duncan Stewart and John Bell. At the same time the club's squad was depleted by the loss four internationalists:- Robert 'Plumber' Brown and Joe Lindsay moved to local rivals Dumbarton Athletic. James McAulay emigrated to Burma and Billy Robertson also heading for 'pastures new'. In addition after returning from a short spell with Bolton Wanderers, Jock Hutcheson left the club for the final time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028159-0006-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028159-0007-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\nAn international trial match was played on 18 February 1888 to consider selection of teams to represent Scotland in the upcoming games in the 1888 British Home Championship. Leitch Keir was selected to take part.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028159-0008-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\nSubsequently, four Dumbarton players were selected to play for Scotland as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028159-0009-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\n- Geordie Dewar and Duncan Stewart earned their first caps and Ralph Aitken earned his second cap against Ireland. Both Dewar and Aitken scored in the 10-2 win over the Irish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028159-0010-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative matches\nDumbarton players were selected to play in Dumbartonshire county XI's as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028159-0011-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative matches\n- Leitch Keir was selected to play in a Scots Anglo XI against a Scots Welsh XI on 26 May 1888. The 'English' XI won 4-3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028159-0012-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative matches\n- Geordie Dewar was selected to play in a Scottish Internationalists XI against Perthshire and Aberdeenshire on 20 and 21 April respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028159-0013-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton were defeated in the second round of the Scottish Second XI Cup by Vale of Leven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028159-0014-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nIn the Dumbartonshire Second XI Cup competition, Dumbarton lost out in the semi final to Renton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028160-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Eastville Rovers F.C. season\nThe 1887\u201388 season was the fifth to be played by the team that are now known as Bristol Rovers, and their fourth playing under the name Eastville Rovers. It marked a major change in the direction of football in Gloucestershire as a County Football Association was established, enabling a formal cup competition to be played in the area for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028160-0001-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nUntil 1887 Eastville Rovers had played only friendly matches, but this season began with a meeting at the Montpelier Hotel in Bristol that would change this. On 7 September 1887 W.W. Perrin and T. Channing, on behalf of Eastville Rovers, along with Charles Lacy Sweet and J. Innes-Pocock from Clifton Association and representatives from Warmley, St George, St Agnes, and Southville voted to establish the Gloucestershire County Football Association. This would enable a cup competition to be organised and enable the standardisation of the rules governing matches, which up to this point had not been the case. The delegates unanimously agreed to adopt a slightly modified version of the London Football Association rules, and to convene again a week later to elect officials for the new County FA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028160-0002-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nRovers were given a bye when the first round draw was made the following month, before being paired with Clifton Association in the semi-final. As the first team drawn, Eastville had the choice of where to play the match, and arranged for it to be played at the home ground of St George F.C..", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028160-0002-0001", "contents": "1887\u201388 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nUnfortunately for them, Rovers lost forward Harry Horsey to injury early in the game and had to play the majority of the match with ten men, but in spite of this disadvantage it was the Eastville side who took the lead in the first half through Harry Cade. H.H. Francis scored an equaliser for Clifton shortly afterwards to make the half time score 1\u20131. In the second half Clifton's man advantage began to show, and aided by playing down the slope of the pitch they managed to score a further three goals, thanks to Charles Wreford-Brown, and A.B. Colthurst (x2), making the final result 4\u20131 to Clifton Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028160-0003-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nAs with previous seasons, many of the team's friendly results are not known, but where final scores have been established Eastville Rovers ended the season with five wins and two defeats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028161-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 FA Cup\nThe 1887\u201388 Football Association Challenge Cup was the seventeenth staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. One hundred and forty-nine teams entered, twenty-one more than the previous season, although four of the one hundred and forty-nine never played a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028162-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nSeason 1887\u201388 was the twelfth season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the twelfth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028162-0001-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts reached the fourth round of the Scottish Cup losing to St Mirren after 3 replays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028162-0002-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nLater that season they reached the Semi Final of the East of Scotland Shield losing to Hibs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028163-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Hibernian F.C. season\nSeason 1887\u201388 was the 12th season in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the 11th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028163-0001-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nHibs reached the third round of the Scottish Cup, losing 6\u20132 to the Heart of Midlothian.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028164-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season\nThe 1887\u201388 season was Newton Heath LYR's final season before entering into league football. They only entered one competitive cup competition during the season, the Manchester and District Challenge Cup. They won the tournament, beating Denton 7\u20131 in the final at Whalley Range.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028164-0001-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season, Manchester and District Challenge Cup\nNewton Heath LYR entered the Manchester and District Challenge Cup for the fourth time in 1887\u201388. Having reached the final in each of their three previous entries, they made it a fourth consecutive final appearance this season. They started their campaign in the Second Round away to Hooley Hill in March 1888, beating them 7\u20130. The semi-final against Hurst was played on neutral ground in Denton. It was a tougher match than the previous round, as proven by the 2\u20130 scoreline, with the Doughty brothers, Jack and Roger, getting a goal apiece.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028164-0002-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season, Manchester and District Challenge Cup\nAs with the previous three seasons, the final was played at Whalley Range in south Manchester. Newton Heath's opponents in the final were Denton, who proved to be no contest, as Newton Heath won the match 7\u20131 to make it two Manchester Cup titles in four years. Both Doughtys scored in the final, as they both had done in the two previous rounds, with Jack getting a hat-trick and Roger a brace. The other two goals were scored by Joe Davies and Tom Burke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028165-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1887\u201388 season is the 14th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028166-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nThis was the second season of the club that was to become Arsenal F.C. In this season they moved from the common of Plumstead Ground to the privately owned Sportsman Ground, in order to charge an entrance fee to view games. The nearby Sportsman Pub was used as a dressing room. This season was notable for their inaugural participation in the London Senior Cup, and home and away games against enduring rivals, Tottenham Hotspur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028166-0001-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Royal Arsenal F.C. season, Players\nBelow is a list of all Arsenal Players reported to play for them that season, and all confirmed appearances and goals. Out of the 24 games played that season, confirmed line-ups were recovered for 12 of these games, and goalscorers for 11. Players who predominantly played as goalkeepers are marked in Italics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028166-0002-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Royal Arsenal F.C. season, Players, Management\nThere was no manager for the 1887-88 season, though Fred Beardsley, Arthur Brown (both players) and Duncan Porteous were positioned as joint-secretaries amongst others, after Elijah Watkins left the position of secretary at the beginning of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028167-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Scottish Cup\nThe 1887\u201388 Scottish Cup was the 15th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Renton won the competition for the second time after they beat Cambuslang 6\u20131 in the final. The result set a new record as the largest margin of victory in a Scottish Cup Final - a record that was equalled by Celtic in 1972 but has never been bettered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028167-0001-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 145 teams entered the competition in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028167-0002-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Scottish Cup, First round\nAberdeen Rovers, Glasgow University, Mauchline, Nithsdale and Southern Athletic received a bye to the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028167-0003-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Scottish Cup, Second round\nHeart of Midlothian, Kilmarnock, Lassodie, Oban, Plains and Vale of Leven Wanderers received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028167-0004-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Scottish Cup, Third round\nLindertis and Partick Thistle received a bye to the fourth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028167-0005-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Scottish Cup, Fourth round\nAbercorn, Albion Rovers, Arbroath, Cambuslang, Carfin Shamrock, Cowlairs, Dundee Our Boys, Queen's Park, St Bernard's and Thistle received a bye to the fifth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028168-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1887\u201388 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028168-0001-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028168-0002-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe North of Scotland District was founded in this year. Initially known as the Scottish Northern Counties Football Union, on 24 November 1887 a meeting was held in Watson's Restaurant in Aberdeen to elect office bearers. Those noted were:- George Cruden (President);  D. M. Milligan (Vice President); C. Sleigh (Secretary).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028168-0003-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Scottish Districts season, History\nRules of the North of Scotland District were agreed on 2 December 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028168-0004-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Scottish Districts season, History\nA North of Scotland District match was arranged with Glasgow District to take place in Cupar on 31 December 1887. Another match was arranged with Edinburgh District on 21 January 1888 in Aberdeen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028168-0005-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Scottish Districts season, History\nOwing to frost, the planned match between the North and Glasgow had to be abandoned. It is noted that a great many matches were postponed in January and February; and it seems the planned Edinburgh District match was also abandoned. North of Scotland did manage a match against Merchiston Castle - but it was noted that it was played in a blizzard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028168-0006-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Scottish Districts season, History\nEdinburgh District won back the Inter-City for the first time in 4 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028168-0007-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe East v West match was postponed from 28 January 1888. It was played on 11 February 1888 and the East won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season\n1887\u201388 was the third season for St. Mary's Young Men's Association Football Club (St. Mary's Y.M.A.) based in Southampton in southern England. The club entered, and won, the Hampshire Junior Cup in its inaugural year, thus laying the foundation for success over the next two decades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0001-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Summary of the season\nThe 1887\u201388 season saw the St. Mary's club start to evolve from a church youth club side playing friendly matches on the local common into the dominant team in Southampton, who would play in front of paying crowds. Two years after being founded, the club began to embrace professionalism and move away from its roots, gradually severing its connection to St. Mary's Church to become a more secular organisation, eventually dropping references to the Young Men's Association becoming simply St. Mary's Football Club and, at the same time, acquiring the nickname, \"the Saints\" which remains to the present day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0002-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Personnel\nThe most significant new arrival was George Carter: Carter was employed as an engraver by the Ordnance Survey and in 1887 he was posted to their offices in Southampton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0002-0001", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Personnel\nSpeaking in 1999, Carter's daughter-in-law, Nellie Carter, said that Carter was \"not at all happy\" about being posted to Southampton and that Carter maintained that the move was arranged by Dr. Russell Bencraft who was medical officer at the Ordnance Survey and was later to become the president of Southampton St. Mary's F.C. As secretary of the Hampshire County Cricket Club, Bencraft was also a colleague of Col. James Fellowes, who was an assistant to the Director-General of the Ordnance Survey. It would seem, therefore, that Carter was transferred to Southampton as a quasi-professional footballer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0003-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Personnel\nCanon Basil Wilberforce continued as the president of the club, although this was an honorary position, with Dr. Bencraft, a \"highly-active\" member of the committee, acting as \"de facto\" president. Wilberforce left the parish of St. Mary's in 1894, after which Bencraft became the official club president. George Muir, a schoolteacher, also continued to act as the club secretary as well as being \"ever-present\" on the pitch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0004-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Strip\nThe players continued to wear white shorts, black knee-length socks and \"white tunics\" with a red sash worn diagonally. A photograph taken after their victory in the Hampshire Junior Cup in March 1888 shows the sashes worn from either shoulder in a rather haphazard fashion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0005-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, The Hampshire F.A.\nIn April 1887, the South Hants & Dorset F.A. was dissolved to be replaced by two separate county associations. The newly formed Hampshire Football Association held its first meeting on 20 April at the Spartan Club in Southampton High Street when St. Mary's were represented by Messrs. Varley and Bromley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0006-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, The Hampshire F.A.\nIn September, the Hampshire F.A. announced the creation of two cup tournaments, the Hampshire Senior Cup and the Hampshire Junior Cup; St. Mary's Y.M.A. entered into the latter competition. The trophy was a silver cup provided by Charles Baring Young, the Member of Parliament for Christchurch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0007-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, The Hampshire F.A.\nIn the first edition of the Hampshire Football Association Handbook, the club is listed as St. Mary's Young Men's Association FC with their home ground at Southampton Common.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0008-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nUnder the rules of the Hampshire cup tournaments, the cup-ties had to be played in an enclosed ground for which an admission fee could be charged, thus precluding the club from playing their cup matches on Southampton Common.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0009-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nThis problem did not arise with the first round match, when the club were drawn to play at Totton who had only been formed the year before but had the use of a field within the grounds of a private estate at South Testwood Park. The report on the match published in the Southampton Times complemented the hosts on their ground which \"in spite of the recent unfavourable weather, was in splendid condition, and the Totton club have good reason to congratulate themselves on having the privilege of playing their matches on such an excellent ground\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0009-0001", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nThe report went on to explain that, despite the visitors dominating the first half of the match, the score was 0\u20130 at half-time. In the second-half, \"A. A. Fry ran the whole length of the field before landing the ball directly in front of his captain, just a few yards out \u2013 Bromley simply couldn't miss\". This being the only goal, St. Mary's went through to the next round where they had a home draw against Petersfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0010-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nAs the Common was not suitable for a cup-tie, the St. Mary's committee secured the use of the Antelope Ground, \"by kind permission of the Pirates\". The Pirates were a rugby club who shared the ground with a football team from Woolston Works. The Antelope Ground, which stood on the east side of St Mary's Road between Brinton's Terrace and  Clovelly Road, had previously been used by Hampshire County Cricket Club until they moved to the County Ground in Northlands Road in 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0011-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nThe visitors could only muster ten men, and had two of their best players absent, and the Saints won easily, 10\u20130, with five goals from A. A. Fry and five from Ned Bromley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0012-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nIn the next round, the Saints received another home draw against Lymington; the Pirates already had a fixture on the date of the match (21 January 1888), so the match was played on the pitch behind the Anchor Hotel, Redbridge, four miles from the town centre. The match was won 4\u20130, but some of the Saints' fans misbehaved; their \"hilarious\" behaviour was such that the owner of the ground (a Mr. Steadfast) demanded that the gate receipts should be paid to the Royal South Hants Hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0013-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nThe semi-final draw gave St. Mary's a match against the Bournemouth Arabs and was played at the County Ground on 18 February 1888. The \"Arabs\" were a strong side and took the lead, after which Carter and Muir in defence (\"certainly the best on the field\" according to the Southampton Times) prevented them from playing other than by shots from distance. The equaliser came from McDonald before, late in the second-half, Bromley \"dribbled in great style down the field, and put the ball through for St. Mary's\", thus securing a place in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0014-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nThe final was played on 10 March 1888 at the County Ground against Southampton Harriers, another strong local side who played their home matches on Southampton Common, having been founded as the Temperance Amateur Athletic Association, but changed their name in 1885. Many of the Harriers players had \"transferred\" from the Freemantle club in the summer of 1887, following the failure of the latter club to enter either Hampshire cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0015-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nThe Southampton Times estimated the crowd for the final at approximately 600, despite the \"threatening\" weather. St. Mary's fell behind early in the game and were 2\u20130 down at half-time but fought back to draw level at 2\u20132, with goals from Warn and Ned Bromley who unleashed a \"splendid shot\" with three minutes left to play. The match report in the Bournemouth Guardian however claimed that St. Mary's had scored a third goal but failed to claim it, as required by the rules \"to the astonishment of both umpires and referee\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0015-0001", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nIn the absence of goal nets, the ball had crossed the line, but the Harriers \"kicked off from the six yards' mark and no claim was made by St. Mary's for the point. I can't imagine how the Saints, who must be kicking themselves with chagrin at the slip, lost sight of the goal. I don't think they will get the chance again.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0016-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nThe captains debated playing an extra half-hour to settle the match but George Noble, the Harriers' captain, refused as two of his players were carrying minor injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0017-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nThe replay was played two weeks later, again at the County Ground in front of a crowd of \"over 500 people, exclusive of the ladies who, bless 'em, are admitted free.\" St. Mary's took a 2\u20130 lead through McDonald and Warn (after some \"pretty passing\") before the Harriers pulled one back. The report in the Southampton Times concluded: \"Soon the final whistle sounded leaving \"Saints\" victorious by two goals to one. Though the Harriers played a great game, the St. Mary's played better football.\" The cup was presented to the \"Saints\" captain, Ned Bromley, with each of the winning team being presented with a silver medal \"in commemoration of the match\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0018-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nFollowing the match, the Harriers team dissolved with most of their players returning to Freemantle, although the Harriers' centre-half William \"Banquo\" Stride joined St. Mary's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0019-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Friendly matches\nSt. Mary's continued to play friendly matches throughout the season, although reports are not available for many of these. For example, there were two matches against Cowes on the Isle of Wight, including an away victory a week before the initial Hampshire Junior Cup match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0020-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Friendly matches\nThe final match of the season was played at the Antelope Ground on 14 April 1888 against Woolston Works who had won the inaugural Hampshire Senior Cup. The clubs had decided that they should compete to decide which was Southampton's top club. The home side were victorious by three goals to nil; the Bournemouth Guardian report on the match summed up the clubs' season:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0021-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Friendly matches\nBoth teams have had a wonderfully good time of it on the whole and the people of Southampton ought to feel proud of their football population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0022-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Friendly matches, Results\nThe results of the friendly matches that are known were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0023-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Club name and nickname\nAs recorded in the Hampshire F.A. handbook, at the start of the season the club were registered as St. Mary's Young Men's Association FC. By the end of the season, however, all match reports had dropped references to the \"Young Men's Association\" and the club were recorded as simply St. Mary's Football Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0024-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Club name and nickname\nThe club had originally been founded by members of the St. Mary's Young Men's Association in 1885 and the members were expected to be practicing members of the Church of England, and participate in Bible classes and teach in Sunday School. The recruitment of players such as George Carter, who had been signed for his abilities as a footballer rather than a Sunday School teacher, indicated a shift away from this policy. In January 1888, Canon Basil Wilberforce convened a meeting of the Young Men's Association which resolved:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0025-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Club name and nickname\nthat St. Mary's Church of England Young Men's Association should, in future, consist only of members who are either active workers in some branch of the parochial organization, or regular attendants at one of the Bible classes. For the purpose of effectively carrying this out, it was resolved to make a fresh enrolment of all those who desire to belong to the Association on this understanding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0026-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Club name and nickname\nThere is no record of how many of the football club members confirmed their membership of the Young Men's Association and it seems that the church and parish were happy for the football club to continue under the banner of \"St. Mary's\", with Canon Wilberforce continuing as club president until he left the parish in 1894. In the April parish magazine, the football club's achievements were reported in glowing terms:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0027-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Club name and nickname\nS. MARY'S FOOTBALL CLUB \u2013 We are glad to record a great triumph for the above club, which has now, by following up its many victories won the much coveted \"Cup\" for the year. We cordially congratulate them on their success.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0028-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Club name and nickname\nBy the end of the season, match reports were also referring to the club as \"the Saints\"; the first known record of this was on the day of the initial Hampshire Junior Cup final when the Southampton Times reported: \"The Saints journeyed to Cowes on Saturday to decide the return match with the town club.\" This nickname continues to be used today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0029-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Player statistics\nThe players who appeared in  the Hampshire Junior Cup were as follows. This list does not include appearances or goals in friendly matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028169-0030-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season, Players\nThe following is known about the players who made their debut this season:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028170-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Stoke F.C. season\nThe 1887\u201388 season was the fifth season Stoke took part in the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028170-0001-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Stoke F.C. season, Season review\nIn the 1887\u201388 FA Cup Stoke advanced past local rivals Burslem Port Vale whom they beat 1\u20130 with a goal from George Lawton, Over Wanderers, Oswestry Town plus a fourth round Bye before losing 4\u20131 to West Bromwich Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028171-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 Welsh Cup\nThe 1887\u201388 Welsh Cup was the eleventh season of the Welsh Cup. The cup was won by Chirk AAA who defeated Newtown 5\u20130 in the final, at Owens Field, Chester Road, Wrexham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028172-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season\nThe 1887\u201388 season was the 10th season in the history of West Bromwich Albion Football Club. The club reached the FA Cup final for the third successive season and won the competition for the first time, beating Preston North End 2\u20131. Albion also competed in four local cup competitions, winning the Walsall Senior Cup and West Bromwich Charity Cup and finishing as runners-up in the Birmingham Senior Cup and Staffordshire Senior Cup. Due to a congested fixture list, the club refused to take part in the Birmingham Charity Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028172-0001-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, FA Cup\nWest Bromwich Albion began their fifth season in the FA Cup with a 7\u20131 first round victory against Wednesbury Old Athletic, including a hat-trick from Jem Bayliss. Bayliss also scored the only goal of the second round match away at  Mitchell St George's. Albion defeated Midlands rivals  Wolverhampton Wanderers (2\u20130) in round three. After receiving a bye in the fourth round, Albion faced Stoke in round five. Bayliss scored all four of Albion's goals in a 4\u20131 victory, becoming the first Albion player to score four in an FA Cup game. Old Carthusians were defeated 4\u20132 in the quarter-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 48], "content_span": [49, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028172-0002-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, FA Cup\nThe semi-final took place at Stoke's Victoria Ground and saw Albion beat Derby Junction 3\u20130. Goals from Bayliss, Wilson and Woodhall saw Albion reach the final for the third year running. In the final, the team faced Preston North End at the Kennington Oval in front of 18,904 spectators. Billy Bassett crossed the ball for Bayliss to put Albion ahead, his 10th goal of the competition. Preston equalised just after half-time, but Bassett's pass set up Woodhall for the winning goal and Albion's first major honour. Upon their return to West Bromwich, the players were greeted by thousands of supporters as they drove through the town in a \"four-horse brake\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 48], "content_span": [49, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028172-0003-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Birmingham Senior Cup\nIn what was their seventh Birmingham Senior Cup campaign, Albion beat Small Heath Alliance in the first round, with both goals scored by Jem Bayliss. There followed victories over  Burslem Port Vale,  Aston Shakespeare and  Mitchell St. George's. Goals from Joe Wilson and George Timmins were enough to see off Wolverhampton Wanderers in the semi-final, a result that meant that Albion had reached the final without having conceded a goal, and was their third Birmingham Senior Cup final in as many seasons. Pearson scored twice for Albion in the final at Aston Lower Grounds, but it was Aston Villa who ran out winners, by a 3\u20132 scoreline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028172-0004-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Staffordshire Senior Cup\nWest Bromwich Albion recorded their biggest win of the season by defeating Burton Wanderers 12\u20132 in the first round of the 1887\u201388 Staffordshire Senior Cup, including hat-tricks from Woodhall and Bayliss. They then beat Wednesbury Old Athletic (2\u20131) and Leek (3\u20132) respectively. The club won away from home for the fourth time in succession when they beat Stoke in the semi-final; a Joe Wilson goal was enough to secure the victory for Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 66], "content_span": [67, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028172-0005-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Staffordshire Senior Cup\nAlbion were participating in the competition for the sixth time and aiming to win the trophy for a third season in succession. The final against Wolverhampton Wanderers required two replays to determine a winner: after 0\u20130 and 1\u20131 draws, both played at Stoke, Albion lost the second replay 1\u20132 at home, despite Woodhall's seventh goal of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 66], "content_span": [67, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028172-0006-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Walsall Senior Cup\nWest Bromwich Albion usually put out their reserves for the Walsall Senior Cup. However, after two draws against  Oldbury Town in the first round, it was decided that the first team should participate in the second replay. Albion won the match 5\u20131, before the second team took over once more, beating Walsall Swifts in the final by a 4\u20131 scoreline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028172-0007-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, West Bromwich Charity Cup\nTaking part in the West Bromwich Charity Cup for the first time, Albion defeated Wednesbury Old Athletic 4\u20131 in the semi-final, which saw \"skirmishes\" between the two sets of supporters. In the final, the club recorded their second biggest win of the season, beating Great Bridge Unity 10\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028172-0008-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season, Friendlies and benefit matches\nWith league football yet to be established, West Bromwich Albion played in a number of friendly matches throughout the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028173-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 in English football\nThe 1887\u201388 season was the 17th season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028173-0001-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 in English football, National team\nEngland won the 1888 British Home Championship, their first victory in the tournament, with comfortable victories over all three other home nations, in each of which England scored five goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028173-0002-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 in English football, National team\nAlbert Allen, of Aston Villa, scored three goals against Ireland in his only appearance for England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028173-0003-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028174-0000-0000", "contents": "1887\u201388 in Scottish football\nThe 1887\u201388 season was the 15th season of competitive football in Scotland. This season saw two further additions to the list of regional competitions with the inaugural playing of the Glasgow Cup and the Aberdeenshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028175-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\n1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1888th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 888th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 88th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  9th   year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1888, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028175-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\nIn Germany, 1888 is known as the Year of the Three Emperors. Currently, it is the year that, when written in Roman numerals, has the most digits (13). The next year that also has 13 digits is the year 2388. The record will be surpassed as late as 2888, which has 14 digits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028176-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 (EP)\n1888 is the debut EP by English metal band The Defiled. It was released on 26 October 2009 through the IATDE Records. The band's first music video for the song \"The Resurrectionists\" was released a couple of months after the EP was released. This same song was re-recorded for their debut album, Grave Times, which was released on 14 February 2011. The band toured with the J\u00e4germeister Stage and headlined this stage during the 2009 Sonisphere Festival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [9, 9], "content_span": [10, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028176-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 (EP), Critical reception\n\"The Defiled's meld of industrial, Marilyn Manson-esque swagger with a more serrated hardcore edge has seen them become lauded as one of the UK's most aggressively vital new live bands,\" according to Kerrang! 's October 2009 review. \"Dealing exclusively in a vicious-chorus/big-verse songwriting format, the short running time is more blast than whimper... What you discover is a band with more witty lyrical nous and thematic depth than their energetic stage presence would suggest,\" wrote reviewer Sam Law, giving it 4 K's out of 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 29], "content_span": [30, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028177-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 (film)\n1888 is a 2018 Indian thriller film shot using Guerrilla filmmaking technique. It's a micro-budget, independent Kannada film with Demonetization as the backdrop. About 50% of the film is shot inside a car. Neethu Shetty a well known Kannada actress plays an important character along with Prathap Kumar, Manju Raj and Vikram Kumar. The movie is directed by debutante Sourabh Shukla. Pradeep is the Director of Photography and Girish Hothur is the Music Composer. Considering the subject and Neethu's role in the movie, there are rumours that she could be essaying the role of Tamil Nadu's late CM, Jayalalithaa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028178-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 AHAC season\nThe 1888 AHAC season was the second season of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada. Play was in a series format. The Montreal Hockey Club would win a playoff against the Montreal Victorias to win the Canadian championship for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028178-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 AHAC season, League business\nThe league at its annual meeting of November 9, 1887, decided to change the method of play for the season to a 'series' between the teams of the AHAC. Each team would play every other team twice. Ottawa did not attend and did not participate in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028178-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 AHAC season, Playoff\nThe playing of the game was tarnished with some scandal. The AHAC council convened to set the date of the playoff. Two players for the Victorias, Ashe and J. J. Arnton Jr. were injured, and the council set the date for the playoff before the players were recovered. The deciding vote for the date was cast by J. Stewart, who played for the Montreal HC team. Hodgson of Montreal scored the first goal at 4\u00bd minutes, followed two minutes by a goal of Campbell for the Vics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 25], "content_span": [26, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028178-0002-0001", "contents": "1888 AHAC season, Playoff\n5\u00bd minutes later Hodgson lifted a shot past Arnton in the Vic's goal to put Montreal ahead to stay. The Vics protested that the goal was off-side to no avail. There was no more scoring in the match. The Montreal Daily Herald reporter praised referee Hamilton of the McGill Club, noting that both side broke the off-side rule often.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 25], "content_span": [26, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028178-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 AHAC season, Player statistics, Goaltender averages\nNote: GP = Games played, GA = Goals against, SO = Shutouts, GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 56], "content_span": [57, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028179-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on August 6, 1888, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama. Incumbent Democrat Thomas Seay ran for reelection to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028180-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Albion football team\nThe 1888 Albion football team, sometimes known as the Albion Methodists, was an American football team that represented Albion College in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA) during the 1888 college football season. The team compiled a 0\u20132 record, and was outscored by a combined total of 84 to 4. Albion scheduled two of its games in 1888 against opponents that later became NCAA Division I FBS football programs, which today are among the top five in winning percentage and total wins at that level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028181-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was unfinished owing to the American Invasion Tour, an unsuccessful attempt to raise funds for a revival of the Tailteann Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028181-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1888 provincial championships had been completed (Tipperary, Kilkenny and Monaghan winning them; no Connacht teams entered) but after the Invasion tour returned, the All-Ireland semi-final and final were not played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028181-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, Leinster\nWicklow used illegal players, and the game was stopped by a pitch invasion with ten minutes to go, so a replay was ordered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 64], "content_span": [65, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028181-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, Munster\nLimerick were awarded the game due to Clare playing illegal players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 63], "content_span": [64, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028181-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, Ulster\nNeither team could field the full 21 players, so 15-a-side was agreed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 62], "content_span": [63, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028181-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Championship statistics, Miscellaneous\nSligo and Mayo played a draw in the Connacht final. There is no record of a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028182-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the second staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 27 May 1888; however, no All-Ireland final took place and the championship remains unfinished due to the North American invasion tour of Irish athletes, an unsuccessful attempt to raise funds for a revival of the Tailteann Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028182-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nTipperary were the defending champions; however, they were defeated in the provincial series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028182-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nA total of nine teams contested the championship, including four teams from the 1887 championship and five new entrants. Galway and Wexford did not field teams in the championship. Cork, Kildare, Laois, Limerick and Waterford all fielded teams in their respective provincial championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028182-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format\nFor the first time the championship was organised on a provincial basis. Two separate championships were played in Leinster and Munster with the winners meeting in the All-Ireland final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028182-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format\nSemi-finals: (2 matches) The four participating teams make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the two winning teams advance to the Leinster final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028182-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format\nFinal: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners are declared Leinster champions and qualify for the All-Ireland final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028182-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format\nQuarter-final: (1 match) This is a lone match between the first two team drawn from the province. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028182-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format\nSemi-finals: (2 matches) The winners of the lone quarter-final join the three other teams to make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the two winning teams advance to the Munster final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028182-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format\nFinal: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners are declared Munster champions and qualify for the All-Ireland final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028182-0009-0000", "contents": "1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format\nFinal: (1 match) The two provincial representatives from Leinster and Munster contest this game with the winners being declared All-Ireland champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028183-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 American Cup\nThe 1888 American Cup was the fourth edition of the soccer tournament organized by the American Football Association. Having expanded into the New England district the first new champions came from Fall River, Massachusetts after Clark ONT of Newark had won the previous three editions. The Rovers defeated the Newark Almas in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028183-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 American Cup, Participants\nPreviously only the New York and New Jersey districts were represented. With the addition of the New England district, the tournament now included five new teams from three different states. The draw was held on September 17, 1887. In order to reduce travel the teams were drawn in two sections with the Rhode Island and Massachusetts teams in the first section and the remaining teams in the second section. The fifteen entrants were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028183-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 American Cup, First round\nRovers: GK J.Clancy, DF T.Crann, W.Flanning, MF M.O'Hara, J.Selby, D.Dwyer, FW C.Gray, A.Hinckley, W.Hinckley, J.Morton, M.Down. Paterson: GK W.Doney, DF J.Smallwood, B.Henshall, MF J.Henshall, G.Henshall, FW T.Bisland, T.Evans, H.Curry, W.Warburton, W.Wyatt, J.Sutton", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028183-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 American Cup, First round\nAlma: GK F.Farrow, DF G.Wright, F.McDonald, MF E.Morton, F.Britchford, R.Pattison, FW J.Lucas, F.Cornall, T.Bright, J.Gray, P.Brennan. Caledonian: GK H.Eddis, DF W.McCormick, John Hood, MF J.Lindsay, John Hearne, W.McNeil, FW J.McWilliams, J.Low, S.Hood, R.Barr, James Hearne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028183-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 American Cup, First round\nRovers: Long, Lonsdale, Bradley, Thomas, Waring, Adams, Bed, Blakely, Wild, Duff, Buckley. East Ends: Bracknell, Whittle, Karzenski, Coupe, Shoarocks, Lord, Wild, Whittle, King, Darlington, Foley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028183-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 American Cup, First round\nProvidence: GK Crone, DF Jack North, Osborne, MF Jerome, Morgan, Tomlinson, FW Such, Start, Axon, Ambler, Heliborne. Pawtucket: GK Bosch, DF Smith, Reye, MF Conley, Pilling, Jack McGuire, FW Hardy, Harry Stewart, John Stewart, Sunderland, Lennox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028183-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 American Cup, Second round\nClark ONT had experienced their first cup-tie loss at the hands of the Almas. ONT lodged a protest on two counts. The first goal obtained by the Almas was awarded by the referee when a shot at goal was struck by Holden with his arm. ONT alleged that the foul was not properly done. The second issue concerned a goal by ONT that was disallowed since it was from a free kick. ONT claimed that the ball was touched by Jack Swithemby before Howarth scored. At a meeting the following week, the AFA did not sustain the referee's decisions and called for a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028183-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 American Cup, Second round\nAlma: GK F.Farrow, DF F.McDonald, B.Fagan, MF E.Morton, F.Britchford, G.Wright, FW F.Cornall, J.Lucas, T.Bright, A.Mountford, J.Gray. ONT: GK P.Hughes, DF H.Holden, A.Pallister, MF J.Howarth, Joe Swithemby, P.Flynn, FW J.Swarbrick, J.Connolly, Jack Swithemby, J.McGurck, H.Fisher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028183-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 American Cup, Second round\nRovers: GK Lang, DF Lonsdale, Bradley, MF Waring, Buckley, Adams, FW Bell, Brookshaw, Wilde, Duff, Blakely. Pawtucket: GK Booth, DF Smith, J.Stewart, MF Pilling, Love, Conley, FW Harding, H.Stewart, Sandilands, McGuire, Lennox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028183-0009-0000", "contents": "1888 American Cup, Second round\nRangers: GK J.Smith, DF E.Walker, W.Lines, MF R.McDonald, T.Spencer, W.Allsopp, FW Walter Taylor, G.Sargeant, J.Campbell, W.Turner, E.Stark. Ansonia: GK W.Winfield, DF C.Williams(c), J.Williams, MF E.Wood, J.Lewis, J.Davidson, FW C.Williams, G.Bell, C.Wood, A.Wherle, M.McHale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028183-0010-0000", "contents": "1888 American Cup, Semifinals\nRovers: GK Mullen, DF Bradley, Lonsdale, MF Buckley, Waring, Adams, FW Bell, Bruckshaw, Blakeley, Wilde, Duff. Rangers: GK J.H.Smith, DF W.Lines, L.Walker, MF R.McDonald, H.Bennett, W.Allsop, FW W.Taylor, G.Sargent, T.Spencer, A.Campbell, E.Stark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028183-0011-0000", "contents": "1888 American Cup, Semifinals\nAlma: GK H.Farron, DF E.Morton, F.McDonald, MF P.Fagin, F.Britchford, R.Patterson, FW P.Brennan, J.Lucas, T.Bright, H.Maxfield, J.Gray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028183-0012-0000", "contents": "1888 American Cup, Final\nRovers: GK: J.Mullin, DF R. Lonsdale, F. Bradley, MF: J. Buckley, H. Waring, H. Adams, FW: R. Bell, T. Bruckshaw, J. Blakeley, H. Wilde, C. Duff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028183-0013-0000", "contents": "1888 American Cup, Final\nAlma: GK F.Farrow, DF F.McDonald, W.Fagin, MF E.Morton, R.Patterson, F.Britchford, FW P.Garron, F.Cornall, T.Bught, J.Gray, H.Maxfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028184-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Amherst football team\nThe 1888 Amherst football team represented the Amherst University during the 1888 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028185-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on September 3, 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028185-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor Simon Pollard Hughes Jr. was defeated for re-nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028185-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nDemocratic nominee James Philip Eagle defeated Union Labor and Republican fusion nominee Charles M. Norwood with 54.09% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028186-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Ashley by-election\nThe 1888 Ashley by-election was a by-election held on 25 July 1888 in the Ashley electorate during the 10th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028186-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Ashley by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death on 3 July of the incumbent MP William Fisher Pearson. The three initial candidates, in the order of them announcing themselves, were John Verrall, John Ollivier, and Marmaduke Dixon. Ollivier resigned from the contest on 17 July and at the same time, it became known that Alfred Saunders would become a candidate. At the nomination meeting, Dixon won the show of hands. The by-election had a close result and was won by John Verrall, with Dixon in third place just nine votes behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1888 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and the first half of fall in 1888. In the 1888 Atlantic season there were two tropical storms, four hurricanes, and two major hurricanes. However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea are known, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nThe first tropical storm and first hurricane of the season formed by 00:00 UTC on June 16 in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, centered about 200 miles (322\u00a0km) southeast of Galveston Island, Texas. (Due to sparse observations, the system may have developed prior to this time, but was not detected.) The cyclone moved west-northwestward and quickly strengthened, becoming a hurricane late on June 16. It reached its peak intensity of 80 miles per hour (129\u00a0km/h) early on June 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0001-0001", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nAround 06:00 UTC on June 17, the hurricane made landfall southwest of Bay City, Texas, over the eastern end of East Matagorda Bay. Turning to the northwest after landfall, it quickly degenerated into a tropical storm, gradually turning northward over time. By 06:00 UTC on June 18, it weakened into a tropical depression, and just 12 hours later it lost its identity near Waco, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nIn Texas, the cyclone produced heavy rain, peaking at 6.4 inches (163\u00a0mm) over a 16-hour period at Galveston. The highest measured winds reached 54\u00a0mph (87\u00a0km/h) in the city. Along the coast of Texas, the lowest measured pressure was 29.69 inches of mercury (1,005\u00a0mb) at Corpus Christi, about 120 miles (193\u00a0km) southwest of the landfall location. The Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project estimated that the minimum central pressure in the storm was likely close to 985 millibars (29.09\u00a0inHg) at the time of landfall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0002-0001", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nOperationally, the U.S. Signal Corps\u2014predecessor to the U.S. Weather Bureau (now the National Weather Service)\u2014did not classify the system as an area of low pressure, and as such, it did not appear in the June 1888 track map of cyclones in the Monthly Weather Review, the official publication of the Signal Corps. However, as early as June 17 the New York Times noted that a moderate storm was apparently approaching Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nThe second tropical storm of the season originated about 200\u00a0mi (322\u00a0km) east of the mouth of the Rio Grande, on the Texas\u2013Mexico border. It moved north-northwest, attaining its peak intensity of 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h) by 00:00 UTC on July 5. About 16 hours later, the moderate tropical storm made landfall at that intensity just east of Bay City\u2014impacting the same region as the previous storm. The cyclone turned north and north-northeast after striking land, slowly weakening as it did so. By 12:00 UTC on July 6, the cyclone was last positioned over northwestern Cherokee County, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nIn Texas, the storm produced peak winds of 42\u00a0mph (68\u00a0km/h) in Galveston, and the lowest measured pressure was 29.78 inches of mercury (1,008\u00a0mb) in the city. Like the preceding storm, the cyclone produced heavy rain over parts of Texas, especially in the Palestine area in Anderson County. In this area, a shower of pebbles, each ranging from 1\u20448\u20131\u20444 inch (0.32\u20130.64\u00a0cm) in diameter and irregularly shaped, was reported to have occurred, possibly due to a tornado or waterspout that touched down at an unknown distance from Palestine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe Miami-Louisiana Hurricane of 1888, the third tropical storm and second hurricane of the season was first detected by 12:00 UTC on August 14, while centered about 100\u00a0mi (161\u00a0km) north-northeast of the Turks and Caicos Islands. (Operationally, the U.S. Signal Corps did not begin tracking the system until August 16, when it was first observed off South Florida.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nMoving west-northwestward, the tropical storm steadily intensified into a hurricane 24 hours later on August 15. It made landfall on Cat Island in The Bahamas, which were then a British crown colony and overseas territory. Continuing to intensify, the hurricane passed just 20\u00a0mi (32\u00a0km) south of the Bahamian capital Nassau, on New Providence Island, around 00:00 UTC on August 16 with winds of 105\u00a0mph (169\u00a0km/h). The cyclone, continuing to the west-northwest, then made another landfall on the northern end of Andros Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0006-0001", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nAs it neared the southeast coast of Florida, it strengthened into the equivalence of a major hurricane\u2014Category 3 on the Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane wind scale\u2014and attained peak winds of 125\u00a0mph (201\u00a0km/h), near the upper threshold of Category 3 intensity, by 12:00 UTC on August 16. About seven hours later, it made landfall just north of present-day Miami Beach at peak intensity. (This location was near present-day Upper Eastside in Miami.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0006-0002", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe cyclone weakened as it moved inland over the Everglades, south of Lake Okeechobee, and by 06:00 UTC on August 17 passed out into the Gulf of Mexico near Matlacha and Cayo Costa. By that time maximum sustained winds had decreased to 80\u00a0mph (129\u00a0km/h). By 18:00 UTC on August 17, however, the cyclone regained intensity, and its path turned westward over the Gulf of Mexico. Early on August 18, the hurricane attained a second peak intensity of 110\u00a0mph (177\u00a0km/h). In the time before landfall in Louisiana, its path gradually bent to the northwest and north-northwest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0006-0003", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nAround 16:00 UTC on August 19, the cyclone made landfall south of Cocodrie, Louisiana, as the equivalence of a strong Category 2 hurricane. Turning northward after moving inland, the hurricane weakened to a strong tropical storm by 18:00 UTC on August 20, its path nearing Greenville, Mississippi, before curving to the northeast. Little more than a day later, it passed over southern New England, becoming extratropical by 12:00 UTC on August 22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nAs it passed over The Bahamas, the hurricane caused damage to fruit trees, crops, and fences, especially on the Abaco Islands, Harbour Island, and New Providence. Winds shifted from northeast and southwest, lasting about eight hours, but damage to shipping was minimal. In South Florida, the hurricane struck a sparsely-populated section of the coast, but still produced widespread damage as far north as Sebastian. The highest wind reported in South Florida was 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h) at Jupiter, and the heaviest rainfall was 2.02\u00a0in (51\u00a0mm) at that location.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0007-0001", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nFarther north along the coast, winds at Sebastian Inlet were estimated at 75\u00a0mph (121\u00a0km/h), downing trees and telegraph poles; many small boats were pushed ashore, and \"several thousand dollars\" in damage were reported to local fruit groves. Additionally, the hurricane reportedly produced a storm surge of 14 feet (4.3\u00a0m) \"on the beaches near Miami.\" In the Big Bend region of Florida, winds at Cedar Key reached 42\u00a0mph (68\u00a0km/h), accompanied by light rain, and caused several yachts to capsize. Winds at Pensacola, in the Florida Panhandle, peaked at 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h), badly damaging local property.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0007-0002", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nWinds in Mobile, Alabama, peaked at 55\u00a0mph (89\u00a0km/h), prostrating trees and fences, and a few homes lost their roofs. Flooding from the storm surge was among the worst on record: the waterfront was flooded to a depth of 3\u00a0ft (0.91\u00a0m), with floodwater extending two to three blocks inland from the Mobile River. Along the Mississippi River Delta, the storm produced severe flooding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0007-0003", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nRainfall in New Orleans totaled 7.9\u00a0in (201\u00a0mm) over a 12-hour period, and winds in the city reached an estimated 90\u00a0mph (145\u00a0km/h); in the city strong winds unroofed many buildings, downed numerous trees, and blew down fences. In many areas, strong winds downed at least one-third of the timber, and damage to rice, sugarcane, corn, and cotton crops was significant. The lowest reported pressure in the Mississippi Delta was 29.37\u00a0inHg (995\u00a0mb) at Vicksburg, Mississippi, with other readings as low as 29.4\u00a0inHg (996\u00a0mb) in the Memphis area. The storm produced heavy rainfall and high winds along much of its path across the Mississippi Valley, the Mid-Atlantic states, and the Northeastern United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nOn August 31, a tropical storm was observed northeast of the Lesser Antilles. It moved westward, strengthening to a hurricane later that day. As it continued to strengthen, it brought heavy rain over Puerto Rico, the Turks and Caicos Islands, and Cuba. The hurricane passed Puerto Rico far off land but brought heavy rains that caused major flooding and over 100 deaths due to river flooding (similar to Hurricane Donna in 1960). On the 3rd, it reached its peak of 130\u00a0mph, but land interaction with Cuba weakened it to a minimal hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0008-0001", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nIt crossed the island and the Yucat\u00e1n Channel, reaching the northeast coast of the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula on the 6th. After weakening to a tropical storm, it restrengthened to a Category 2 hurricane while moving southwestward in the Bay of Campeche, but it dissipated after its Veracruz landfall on the 8th. It caused 921 deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0009-0000", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nA tropical storm formed north of the Turks & Caicos Islands on September 6. It travelled north through the Florida Panhandle and continued northward along the east coast of the US. The storm reached Maryland before becoming extratropical on September 11. The system dissipated near Ottawa on September 13. Across the United States, the storm deposited heavy rainfall from Florida through eastern Georgia through the Carolinas into southern Virginia. The heaviest total reported was 11.70 inches (297\u00a0mm) at Greenwood, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0010-0000", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nA tropical storm formed south of Key West on September 23 and began moving northeast. It travelled parallel to the coast of Georgia, where it produced winds of 65\u00a0mph (105\u00a0km/h; 29\u00a0m/s) before becoming a Category 1 hurricane on September 26. It continued heading northeastward before it became extratropical on September 27 near the Gulf of St Lawrence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0011-0000", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nHurricane seven developed on October 8 in the southern Gulf of Mexico. It moved slowly northeastward and strengthened to a category 2 hurricane with 110\u00a0mph winds as it made landfall on northwestern Florida. The system then moved up the east coast, while weakening to a tropical storm. This system had a pressure of 970 millibar at one point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0012-0000", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nTropical storm eight formed close to the Windward Islands on November 1 and moved northward into the north Atlantic, while strengthening to 50 knots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028187-0013-0000", "contents": "1888 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine\nA tropical storm formed north-east of Puerto Rico on November 17. By the morning of November 23, it had developed into a Category 2 hurricane, reaching wind speeds of 100\u00a0mph (155\u00a0km/h). It maintained that level of intensity throughout the 23rd, 24th and 25 November before weakening to become extratropical on November 26. As an extratropical storm it was active until December 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028188-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Ayr Burghs by-election\nThe Ayr Burghs by-election, 1888 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Ayr Burghs on 15 June 1888. The seat had become vacant when the sitting Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament Richard Frederick Fotheringham Campbell died.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028188-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Ayr Burghs by-election\nThe Liberal candidate, John Sinclair, won the seat in a straight fight with his Liberal Unionist opponent, the Hon Evelyn Ashley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028189-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028189-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028189-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028189-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028190-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition\nThe 1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition (in Catalan: Exposici\u00f3 Universal de Barcelona and Exposici\u00f3n Universal de Barcelona in Spanish) was Spain's first International World's Fair and ran from April 8 to December 9, 1888. It was also the first of the two held in Barcelona (the second one being in 1929).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028190-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition, Summary\nEugenio Serrano de Casanova (journalist, writer and entrepreneur) tried to launch an exposition in 1886, and when that failed, the Mayor of Barcelona, Francesc Rius i Taulet, took over the planning of the project. The fair was hosted on the reconstructed 115-acre (47\u00a0ha) site of the city's main public park, the Parc de la Ciutadella, with Vilaseca's Arc de Triomf forming the entrance. More than 2 million people from Spain, the rest of Europe, and other international points of embarkation visited the exhibition, which made the equivalent of 1,737,000 United States dollars. The fair was opened by Alfonso XIII of Spain and Maria Christina of Austria. Twenty-seven countries participated, including China, Japan and the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028190-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition, Contents\nThe piano manufacturer Erard sponsored a series of 20 concerts featuring Isaac Alb\u00e9niz, a Catalan pianist and composer best known for his piano works based on folk music idioms. The artistic director was Tom\u00e0s Moragas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028190-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition, Contents\nJosep Maria Tamburini won a silver medal at the exhibition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028190-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition, Legacy and surviving monuments\nThe main legacy of the 1888 World Fair is the Ciutadella Park: the World Fair served as the opportunity for Barcelona to rid itself of the hated citadel and transform it into a central park for the city's denizens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028190-0004-0001", "contents": "1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition, Legacy and surviving monuments\nThe entire Ciutadella Park in its present layout is a product of the World Fair, with its monumental fountain and small ponds, its Castell dels tres dracs (Castle of the Three Dragons) built by Dom\u00e8nech i Montaner to house the World Fair's caf\u00e9 / restaurant, which later served to house the Zoology Museum, Hivernacle (Glasshouse or Greenhouse), the classicist Geology Museum and the Umbracle (a remarkable shaded structure for plants).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028190-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition, Legacy and surviving monuments\nAnother product of the World Fair is the Modernista or Neo-Mud\u00e9jar Arc de Triomf (triumphal arch), the Fair's former gateway, presiding over Passeig de Llu\u00eds Companys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028190-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition, Legacy and surviving monuments\nThe Columbus Monument (Monument a Colom), a 60\u00a0m (197\u00a0ft) tall monument to Christopher Columbus, was built for the exposition on the site where Columbus returned to Europe after his first voyage to the Americas. It was erected at the lower end of Les Rambles and remains standing today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028191-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Belgian general election\nPartial general elections were held in Belgium on 12 June 1888. The result was a victory for the Catholic Party, which won 98 of the 138 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 47 of the 69 seats in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028191-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Belgian general election\nUnder the alternating system, elections were held in only five out of the nine provinces: Antwerp, Brabant, Luxembourg, Namur and West Flanders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028192-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Belmont Stakes\nThe 1888 Belmont Stakes was the 22nd running of the Belmont Stakes and the 22nd time it was held at Jerome Park Racetrack in The Bronx, New York where it had been first run in 1867. It was run on June 9, 1888. The race drew only two starters who both carried 118 pounds. It was won by heavily favored Sir Dixon whose winning time was 2:40\u00bc over a distance of 1\u00bd miles on a dirt track rated fast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028192-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Belmont Stakes\nJockey Jim McLaughlin aboard Sir Dixon won his sixth Belmont Stakes, a record that still stands through the 2018 running, and one that has been equaled only by Eddie Arcaro in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028193-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Birthday Honours\nThe 1888 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published in the London Gazette on 1 June 1888 and in The Times on 2 June 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028193-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028194-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Bolivian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Bolivia in 1888. Aniceto Arce of the Conservative Party was elected President with 80% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028194-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Bolivian general election, Background\nIn the 1884 elections, no presidential candidate won an absolute majority of the public vote, resulting in the President being elected by Congress. Gregorio Pacheco of the Democratic Party was elected after the Conservatives decided to support Pacheco. Their decision followed an agreement between Mariano Baptista of the Conservative Party and Jorge Oblitas and Casimiro Corral of the Liberal Party that Pacheco would work to support Conservative candidate Aniceto Arce in the next elections in 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028195-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Boston Beaneaters season\nThe 1888 Boston Beaneaters season was the eighteenth season of the franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028195-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028195-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028195-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028196-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1888 saw the election of Thomas N. Hart, who defeated incumbent mayor Hugh O'Brien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028197-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia\nThe 1888 British Isles tour to New Zealand and Australia was a tour by a British rugby union team, known at the time as the \"English Footballers\", throughout New Zealand and Australia. Although a private venture not organised by any official body, this was the first major tour of the Southern Hemisphere undertaken by a European rugby team. It paved the way for future tours by teams which are now known as British and Irish Lions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028197-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia\nThe team boarded the SS Kaikoura at Gravesend on 9 March 1888, returning to England on the same ship on 11 November. While in Australia and New Zealand the team played a number of state, provincial, and invitation sides, but did not play any international teams. They played 35 rugby matches, winning 27, drawing 6, and losing 2. Only four of the touring party had played, or would play, for their country; Seddon, Andrew Stoddart and Tom Kent for England, and Willie Thomas for Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028197-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia\nThey also played a smaller number of Victorian rules (Australian rules) football matches, but the side had no prior experience of this before arriving in Australia. The team's legacy was honoured in 2013 when the team, along with initial captain Robert Seddon, were inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028197-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia, Tour background\nThe 1888 tour was organised by three professional English cricketers, James Lillywhite, Alfred Shaw and Arthur Shrewsbury, but they could not obtain patronage from the Rugby Football Union who refused to patronise by the tour, though the RFU was happy for the tour to go ahead, provided there was no infringement of the rules of amateurism. The team was led by England's Robert L Seddon and took in 35 games, though no test matches against international opposition. Of the games played the tourists won twenty seven, drew six and lost two matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 69], "content_span": [70, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028197-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia, Tour background\nThe tour was undertaken by Shaw and Shrewsbury as a purely financial exercise with little regard to producing a \"British Isles\" team, and the team itself is more often recorded as an English team. The two managers were not unfamiliar with touring sides, having organised cricket teams to Australia, and the rugby tour was a follow on from the financially disastrous England Cricket tour of 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 69], "content_span": [70, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028197-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia, Tour background\nThe rugby tour was not an economic success either and lost both managers money. Worse was to occur when team captain Seddon, drowned on 15 August in an accident while sculling on the Hunter River in West Maitland. The captaincy was then passed to Andrew Stoddart a future England rugby captain and Wisden Cricketer of the Year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 69], "content_span": [70, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028197-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia, Tour background\nA further economic issue that related to the tour was the burgeoning professional movement that was gathering momentum in England at the time. Rugby players and clubs in Britain were divided by the growing belief that players should be paid for their time playing their sport. The growing popularity of the now professional Association Football was causing many, especially in the North of England, to challenge the amateur standing of the union code.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 69], "content_span": [70, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028197-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia, Tour background\nOne of the catalysts to the split between amateur union code and the future league code, was when Jack P. Clowes, a member of the 1888 tour, was designated a 'professional' sportsman after he accepted \u00a315 to buy equipment shortly before he left for Australia. The other players on the tour were then required to sign an affidavit to state they were not to be paid for playing rugby when in Australia and New Zealand. The tourists played in red, white and blue hooped jerseys and white shorts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 69], "content_span": [70, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028197-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia, Tour background\nIn addition to playing 35 game of rugby union, the Lions team also played 19 games of Victorian Rules Football (later known as Australian rules football). The Lions won 6 of the matches under the Australian rules, despite having no experience with the code prior to the tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 69], "content_span": [70, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028197-0009-0000", "contents": "1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia, Tour background\nThe uniforms wore by the Lions in their first tour was made in striking thick red, white and blue hoops, white shorts and dark socks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 69], "content_span": [70, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028197-0010-0000", "contents": "1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia, Touring party, Forwards\nTwo-thirds of the touring party belonged to clubs that, within a few years, would defect to the Northern Rugby Football Union, founding the game of rugby league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 77], "content_span": [78, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028197-0011-0000", "contents": "1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia, Results\nComplete list of matches played by the British Isles in Australia and New Zealand:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 61], "content_span": [62, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028198-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season\nWith the 1888 season, the Brooklyn Grays underwent a name change to the Brooklyn Bridegrooms, a nickname that resulted from several team members getting married around the same time. Also, owner Charles Byrne decided to withdraw from managing the team's on field activities and turned the reins over to more experienced baseball manager Bill McGunnigle. That, along with the Bridegrooms' purchase of several top players from the defunct New York Metropolitans, led to a dramatic on field improvement as the team finished in second place in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028198-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028198-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028198-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts; CG = Complete games", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028199-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Calgary municipal election\nThe 1888 Calgary municipal election was held on January 3, 1888 to elect a Mayor and six Councillors to sit on the fourth Calgary Town Council from January 16, 1888 to January 21, 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028199-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Calgary municipal election\nThe 1888 election was the first after the Town Council had expanded from four councillors to six councillors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028199-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Calgary municipal election, Background\nNominations for council opened on December 27, 1887 and E. P. Davis was named returning officer, and the town fire hall was selected as the his headquarters. Former Mayors George Murdoch, George Clift King and Arthur Edwin Shelton were nominated for the position of mayor. A public meeting was called a 2 p.m. later in the day to give speeches, which became so pointed and personal that several of the Aldermanic candidates withdrew their nominations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028200-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1888 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1888 college football season. The team competed as an independent, without a head coach, and compiled a record of 6\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028201-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Cardiff Town Council election\nThe 1888 Cardiff Town Council election was held on Thursday 1 November 1888 to elect councillors to Cardiff Town Council in Cardiff, Glamorgan, Wales. They took place on the same day as other local elections in Wales and England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028201-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Cardiff Town Council election\nThese were to be the last all-Cardiff elections before the creation of the county borough in 1889. The previous elections were in November 1887. The first full elections to Cardiff County Borough Council were to take place in November 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028201-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Cardiff Town Council election\nThe election saw the Liberals gain an extra two seats in Cardiff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028201-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Cardiff Town Council election, Background\nCardiff Town Council had been created in 1836. Elections were held annually, though not all council seats were included in each contest, because the six councillors in each ward stood down for election in three-yearly rotation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028201-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Cardiff Town Council election, Background\nThe council consisted of 30 councillors who were elected by the town's voters and ten aldermen who were elected by the councillors. Ten seats were up for election in November 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028201-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Cardiff Town Council election, Overview of the result\nOnly one contest took place in November 1888, in the West electoral ward. In the Canton, East, Roath and South wards the councillors were elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028201-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 Cardiff Town Council election, Overview of the result, Council composition\nThe Liberal Party (or 'Radicals') saw an increase of two seats. The composition of the council following these elections was Liberals 24, Conservatives 16, giving a Radical majority of eight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028201-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 Cardiff Town Council election, Ward results, West\nThe Liberals made a strong campaign, including the use of a Women's Brigade to bring out the vote in Temperance Town. It was reported there were fives times more vehicles available for the Liberals to transport voters to the polling station.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 54], "content_span": [55, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028202-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Championship of Australia\nThe 1888 Championship of Australia was an Australian rules football series held in Adelaide between 6 October and 13 October 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028202-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Championship of Australia\nThe championship was contested by the premiers of the VFA, South Melbourne and the premiers of the SAFA, Norwood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028202-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Championship of Australia\nAll matches were played at Kensington Oval in Adelaide, South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028202-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Championship of Australia\nThe series was won by Norwood 3 games to zero, giving Norwood its 1st Championship of Australia Title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028202-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Championship of Australia\nThis was the first Championship of Australia held, but the only one to be held as a series, with subsequent editions held as a single championship match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028203-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Chicago Harvard Prep School football team\nThe 1888 Harvard Prep School football team of Chicago represented Harvard School of Chicago during the 1888 college football season. In (at least) their 3rd year fielding a football team (as the school played Michigan in 1887, losing 0-26, and Northwestern in 1886, winning 32-4), the Harvard's as they were called, compiled a 6\u20131 record (according to one unverified source). They also had a Junior (JV) team, who reportedly won the Junior Championship of Illinois, although this was just a claim, and not an official title or award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028203-0000-0001", "contents": "1888 Chicago Harvard Prep School football team\nThe team played at the Wanderer's Athletic Club cricket grounds, on 37th Street and Indiana Avenue. They would play two collegiate teams during the football season, defeating Lake Forest 22 to 4 (or 22\u20136), and losing to Notre Dame 20 to 0, which would become the University's first victory in a football game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028203-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Chicago Harvard Prep School football team, Schedules, Junior team, Practice games\nNotes: The Thanksgiving Day game with Hyde Park and the October 27th contest against the Chicago Normal School may not have occurred. It is likely that the games against Chicago Normal school, Evanston Athletic Club, and Harvard-Yale Graduates, were wins for the Harvards, given the record discovered by historian Robert Pruter, but his research on the team already had one known inaccuracy, announcing Harvard Prep School as \"Cook County League Champions\", although the Cook County League would not be formed until 1889, and would not include Harvard Prep.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 86], "content_span": [87, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028203-0001-0001", "contents": "1888 Chicago Harvard Prep School football team, Schedules, Junior team, Practice games\nBoth Harvard Prep's 1st and Junior teams claimed the Illinois or junior championship at certain points in the season, but these claims are not substantial, or backed up by any sources. An article in the South Bend Tribune on December 6, 1888, corroborates that Harvard Prep had not lost a contest prior to playing Notre Dame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 86], "content_span": [87, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028204-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Chicago University club football team\nThe 1888 Chicago University club football team was an American football team that represented a club within the University of Chicago, composed of University Alumni who were still living in the area, in the 1888 college football season. Most of the team were businessmen who had played football on the Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Columbia football teams. Chicago had yet to form an official collegiate football team, not doing so until the 1892 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028204-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Chicago University club football team, Schedule\nThe contest against Harvard Prep on November 21 was seen as a practice game, and so the Harvard team doesn't recognize it", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028204-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Chicago University club football team, Roster\nThe roster for the Thanksgiving Day contest against Michigan consisted of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 50], "content_span": [51, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028205-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1888 Chicago White Stockings season was the 17th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 13th in the National League and the 4th at the first West Side Park. The White Stockings finished second in the National League with a record of 77\u201358, 9 games behind the New York Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028205-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028205-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028205-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028205-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028206-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Cincinnati Red Stockings season\nThe 1888 Cincinnati Red Stockings season was a season in American baseball. The team finished in fourth place in the American Association with a record of 80\u201354, 11.5 games behind the St. Louis Browns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028206-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nCincinnati retained manager Gus Schmelz, who led the team to a franchise record 81 wins in 1887. The Red Stockings were quiet during the off-season, as pitcher Lee Viau, who signed his first professional contract, was the only major signing by the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028206-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nJohn Reilly had the best season of his career, hitting .321 while leading the league with 13 home runs and 103 RBI, as he became the first Red Stocking to crack 100 RBI in a season. He also had 83 stolen bases. Hugh Nicol hit only .239; however, he once again stole over 100 bases, finishing the season with 103. Nicol and Reilly tied for the team high with 112 runs scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028206-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nOn the mound, Lee Viau led Cincinnati with 27 wins and a 2.65 ERA in 42 starts. Tony Mullane and Mike Smith each finished with over 20 wins as well, with 26 and 22 respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028206-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nThe Red Stockings began the season red hot, as they had a 12\u20135 record before winning 10 games in a row to be 22\u20135, three games ahead of the second place St. Louis Browns. Cincinnati then fell into a slump, going 5\u201316 in their next 21 games to fall into fourth place, seven games out of first. The Red Stockings remained in the pennant race until late in the season. However, the team finished the year in fourth place with an 80\u201354 record, 11.5 games behind the first place Browns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028206-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 81], "content_span": [82, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028206-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028206-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028206-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 77], "content_span": [78, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028207-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Cincinnati football team\nThe 1888 Cincinnati football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1888 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20130\u20131 record. Arch Carson was the team captain. The team had no head coach and played its home games at Union Ball Park in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028208-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Cleveland Blues season\nThe 1888 Cleveland Blues baseball team finished with a 50\u201382 record, sixth place in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028208-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028208-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028208-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028208-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched: IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028208-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Cleveland Blues season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028209-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Colorado gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1888. Republican nominee Job Adams Cooper defeated Democratic nominee Thomas M. Patterson with 53.84% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028210-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1888. Republican nominee Morgan Bulkeley defeated Democratic nominee Luzon B. Morris with 47.94% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028210-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThis was the third (and last) consecutive gubernatorial election in which the Republican-controlled state legislature elected the candidate who received fewer votes. It was also the last such election to be determined by the state legislature. The law at the time specified that if no candidate received a majority, the state legislature would decide the election. Coincidentally, this election ran concurrent with the US Presidential election, in which Republican nominee Benjamin Harrison was elected president by the Electoral College, despite receiving fewer votes than incumbent Democrat Grover Cleveland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028211-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1888 Cork Senior Football Championship was the second staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028211-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Cork Senior Football Championship\nLees won the championship following a 0-03 to 0-01 defeat of Dromtarriffe in the final at Cork Park. This was their second title overall and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028212-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1888 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the second staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 21 February 1888. The championship began on 3 March 1888 and ended on 29 April 1888. Due to the increased number of teams taking part, a divisional system was used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028212-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nCork Nationals were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by St. Finbarr's 2nd 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028212-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 29 April 1888, Tower St. won the championship following a 4-1 to 0-1 defeat of Ballygarvan in the final. This remains the club's only championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028213-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1888 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1888 college football season. The team compiled a 4\u20132 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 96 to 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028214-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Crescent Athletic Club football team\nThe 1888 Crescent Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Crescent Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1888 college football season. The team compiled a 6\u20132 record (6\u20130 against AFU opponents), won the AFU championship, and played its home games at Crescent Athletic Club grounds in Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028214-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Crescent Athletic Club football team, Consolidated team schedule\nThe consolidated team of the Crescent Athletic Club was also known as the Brooklyn Football Club, and played as such in their contests against the Alerts of New York on October 20 and the October 27 match against Flushing Athletic Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 69], "content_span": [70, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028215-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Dartmouth football team\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Jweiss11 (talk | contribs) at 21:20, 9 September 2020 (cat sort key). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028215-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Dartmouth football team\nThe 1888 Dartmouth football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1888 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028216-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Democratic National Convention\nThe 1888 Democratic National Convention was a nominating convention held June 5 to 7, 1888, in the St. Louis Exposition and Music Hall in St. Louis, Missouri. It nominated President Grover Cleveland for reelection and former Senator Allen G. Thurman of Ohio for vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028216-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Democratic National Convention\nSt. Louis won the convention after a presentation in February 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028216-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Democratic National Convention, Proceedings\nStephen M. White served as temporary chairman and Patrick A. Collins served as the convention's permanent president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028216-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Democratic National Convention, Platform\nThe Democratic platform largely confined itself to a defense of the Cleveland administration, supporting reduction in the tariff and taxes generally as well as statehood for the western territories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028216-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination, Presidential candidates\nPresident Cleveland was renominated by acclamation. An event few could directly remember, as the last time such a thing happened was 48 years (1840) previous. Presidents Franklin Pierce and Andrew Johnson lost the nomination in 1852 and 1868 respectively, and Presidents James K. Polk and James Buchanan refused to run for a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028216-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination, Vice Presidential candidates\nAfter Cleveland was re-nominated, Democrats had to choose a replacement for Thomas A. Hendricks, who had died in office on November 25, 1885. Hendricks had run unsuccessfully as the Democratic nominee for vice-president in 1876, but had won the office when he ran again with Cleveland in 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 95], "content_span": [96, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028216-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination, Vice Presidential candidates\nThree names were placed in nomination: Allen G. Thurman, Isaac P. Gray, and John C. Black. Former Senator Thurman of Ohio was nominated for vice-president over Indiana Governor Gray, his nearest rival, and John C. Black, who trailed behind. Gray lost the nomination to Thurman primarily because his enemies brought up his actions while a Republican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 95], "content_span": [96, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028217-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Detroit Wolverines season\nThe 1888 Detroit Wolverines finished the season with a 68\u201363 record, finishing in fifth place in the National League. After the season, the ownership, having lost so much money on the team, disbanded the team and sold off the players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028217-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028217-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028217-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028217-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028218-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Dublin St Stephen's Green by-election\nThe Dublin St Stephen's Green by-election, 1888 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Dublin St Stephen's Green on 12 May 1888. It arose as a result of the death of the sitting member, Edmund Dwyer Gray, of the Irish Parliamentary Party. In April, the Times reported that Wilfrid Blunt would be the Irish Parliamentary Party candidate. However, in a bid to appeal to Ulster Presbyterians, the Irish Party leader Charles Stewart Parnell nominated Thomas Alexander Dickson, a Presbyterian who had been Liberal MP for Dungannon and County Tyrone, as candidate. The Conservatives nominated Robert Sexton, a member of Dublin Corporation and Chairman of the South Dublin Union Poor Law Board. Sexton was supported also by the Liberal Unionists. His campaign was interrupted unexpectedly by the death of his wife.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 904]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028218-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Dublin St Stephen's Green by-election\nSexton received 2,932 votes, an increase on the Unionist performance in the preceding general election. Dickson received 4,819 votes, down slightly from Gray's general election result, and was declared elected. At the next general election, in 1892, he contested the seat of South Tyrone as a Liberal, losing to a Liberal Unionist. It was reported that a boy of 14, whose name was on the register, had voted for Dickson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028219-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Dublin University by-election\nThe Dublin University, by-election, 1888 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Dublin University on 3 February 1888. When one of the members in this two-seat constituency, Dodgson Hamilton Madden, was appointed Solicitor-General for Ireland, the rule at the time required him to submit to re-election. Madden was the only candidate in the by-election and was therefore elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028220-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Dundee by-election\nThe Dundee by-election, 1888 was a parliamentary by-election held on 16 February 1888 to elect one of the members for the British House of Commons constituency of Dundee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028220-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Dundee by-election, Background\nThe election was held following the resignation of Charles Carmichael Lacaita, one of the two members for the seat. Lacaita had first been elected in 1885 and who had cited his disapproval of Gladstone's Home Rule policy as his reason for resigning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028220-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Dundee by-election, Background\nIt was reported in the press that on 26 November 1887  Ex-Bailie John Robertson, the Chairman of the Dundee Liberals, had received a letter, published in full in The Glasgow Herald and The Dundee Courier and Argus two days later, from Lacaite announcing his intention to resign. In this lengthy letter Lacaita outlined his objection to what he saw as some Liberals practically encouraging Irish Nationalists pursuing \"obstruction in parliament\" and \"violent agitation and lawlessness in Ireland\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028220-0002-0001", "contents": "1888 Dundee by-election, Background\nHe indicated that this meant he could no longer guarantee to support William Gladstone and the Liberal Party in parliament, and as he believed that the majority in Dundee did support Gladstone and the liberals he felt he should resign. It was reported he had recently visited a prominent Scottish peer close to Gladstone before taking this action and that the peer approved of him taking this course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028220-0002-0002", "contents": "1888 Dundee by-election, Background\nIn a letter sent to The Dundee Courier and Argus from Brighton on 29 November 1887, Lacaita admitted to meeting with Lord Rosebery to tell him of his plan ten days earlier, but said that contrary to the previous report in the newspaper, Rosebery had actually expressed disapproval of Lacaita's views and urged him not to resign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028220-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Dundee by-election, Background\nThe local Liberals and a local Radical Association were divided on who to select as a candidate with four men all looking to stand. These included former MPs William Saunders, who was favoured by the radicals, Sir Horace Davey and Joseph Firth Bottomley Firth. Ultimately, to avoid splitting the Liberal and radical vote an agreement was reached to back Firth. The local Conservatives and Liberal Unionists united behind Sir Henry Dermot Daly, their candidate in 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028220-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Dundee by-election, Aftermath\nFirth died the following year. The Liberal candidate in the resulting by-election, John Leng, was returned without opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028221-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Dutch general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Netherlands on 6 March 1888. The Liberal Union emerged as the largest party, winning 46 of the 100 seats in the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028221-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Dutch general election, Background\nThis was the first election held after the constitutional revision of 1887, achieved by Minister of the Interior Jan Heemskerk, which had several effects on the parliamentary system. Firstly, this revision fixed the number of seats in the House of Representatives at 100. Secondly, it abolished multi-seat electoral districts except in large cities in favour of single-seat districts, thus allowing for better representation of geographically concentrated political minorities. Thirdly, the revision ensured all members of the House of Representatives would be elected simultaneously every four years, replacing the previous system of staggered elections. Finally, the change greatly extended suffrage and allowed for gradual further extension by law.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028221-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Dutch general election, Background\nThe election was won by the confessional parties, leading to the first Coalition government, combining Anti- Revolutionaries and Catholics, led by \u00c6neas, Baron Mackay, thus heralding a period of Antithesis as championed by Abraham Kuyper, in which government alternated between secular liberals on the left and confessional Anti- Revolutionaries and Catholics on the right. The election also saw the first socialist elected into the House of Representatives, with Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis, leader of the Social Democratic League, being elected in a rural Frisian district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028222-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Ecuadorian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Ecuador in 1888. The result was a victory for Antonio Flores Jij\u00f3n, who received 97% of the vote. He took office on 1 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028223-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 English cricket season\n1888 was the 102nd season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). There was a complete contrast to the previous sunlit summer with its record-breaking run-getting: this time the summer was exceptionally cool and wet, resulting in the dominance of bowlers with many records for wicket-taking set.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028223-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 English cricket season\nAustralia toured England to compete for the Ashes. It was the 12th test series between the two sides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028223-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 English cricket season\nAfter a run of disastrous results over a number of seasons, Derbyshire was demoted from first-class status and first-class county cricket was now played by only eight teams: Gloucestershire, Kent, Lancashire, Middlesex, Notts, Surrey, Sussex and Yorkshire. Derbyshire recovered first-class status in 1894 and rejoined the Championship in 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028223-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 English cricket season, Ashes tour\nThe sixth Australia team, under the captaincy of Percy McDonnell, toured England in 1888. The great team of 1882 under Billy Murdoch had largely disintegrated, and under McDonnell, the team was largely dependent on the sensational bowling of Turner and Ferris. Their overall record of nineteen victories and fourteen defeats was a minor improvement on the 1886 team, but the absence of Giffen weakened the batting in an exceptionally wet summer, whilst the support bowlers to Turner and Ferris, including the veteran Harry Boyle, were used so little that they could never get into form. When the weather improved after a dreadful mid-summer, the batting was much too poor to compete with England and the team's results deteriorated with thrashings in the last two Test matches and poor results against the counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 855]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028223-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 English cricket season, Ashes tour\nThanks mainly to the bowling of Bobby Peel, well supported by Lohmann, Briggs and Barnes, England defeated Australia two tests to one to retain the Ashes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028223-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed. Between 1887 and 1889 an unofficial point system of 1 point for a win and 0.5 points for a draw, devised by the \"Cricket Reporting Agency\", was used to determine the unofficial \"Champion County\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028224-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 FA Cup Final\nThe 1888 FA Cup Final was contested by West Bromwich Albion and Preston North End at the Kennington Oval. Preston were strong favourites for the Cup, having set a record which still stands today by beating Hyde 26\u20130 in the first round, and were so confident of overcoming West Bromwich Albion in the final that they asked to be photographed with the trophy before the game. The FA president Major Francis Marindin turned them down and said: \"Hadn't you better win it first?\" They did not get their photo after the game either.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028224-0000-0001", "contents": "1888 FA Cup Final\nSo lacking in confidence were their West Bromwich opponents that when  offered bets on the outcome of the game by the Preston players, they all refused, no matter how great the odds. West Brom won 2\u20131, with their goals scored by George Woodhall and Jem Bayliss. Fred Dewhurst scored Preston's effort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028224-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 FA Cup Final, Overview\nJohn Goodall recalled many years later how, at the final whistle, he stood motionless in the centre circle for many minutes unable to comprehend the result. The refereeing of the game by Major Francis Marindin was also questioned privately by many observers who felt that he had potentially shown bias towards Albion's all English eleven. At one point during the game he stopped play just as Preston were about to score to award a free kick to Albion despite no Albion player having made an appeal, as was required by the rules of the game at that time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028224-0001-0001", "contents": "1888 FA Cup Final, Overview\nCambridge University captain Tinsley Lindley later commented to defeated Preston player Jack Ross \"Well Jack, you cannot expect to win when playing against eleven men and the devil.\" The Preston players however cited their own pre match routine for their defeat. Bob Holmes recalled \"We got starved to death on the Thames bank {While watching the Oxford vs Cambridge boat race} and could not get warm again. The invincibles entered the Kennington Oval field that day in a pitiful state. We were daft.\" At this time the boat race was considered a greater sporting event than the cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028224-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 FA Cup Final, Overview\nBy contrast, Albion captain, Billy Bassett stated \"Jack Ross lost his cool that day. that was the key. I managed to keep my cool and the cooler I kept, the rasher Ross got.\" Bassett also recalled that it was Ross' rashness that cost his side the winning goal as he charged at Bassett and ended up somersaulting clean over him. As he picked himself up he watched as Bassett was able to set up the clinching goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028224-0002-0001", "contents": "1888 FA Cup Final, Overview\nBassett however was complimentary of his opponents when, years later he stated \"I have seen all the best sides in Football but I have never seen a side that compared to Preston North End at their best. We beat them but I do not pretend for a moment that we deserved to beat them.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028224-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 FA Cup Final, Legacy\nIn 2015 what was believed to be one of a small number of surviving copies of the programme from the Final, which originally sold for a penny, was put up for auction. The programme had at one time been owned by West Bromwich Albion director Harold Ely. At auction it achieved a sale price of \u00a320,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028225-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Florida gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Florida gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1888. Democratic nominee Francis P. Fleming defeated Republican nominee V. J. Shipman with 60.37% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028226-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Georgetown football team\nThe 1888 Georgetown football team represented the Georgetown University during the 1888 college football season. Georgetown finished the season with a 4\u20132 record. This season included the first match against a semi-pro team, and the first time that Georgetown played an opponent that was not a local high school. The game against Jefferson Athletic Club was won by forfeit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028227-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Glasgow Exhibition Cup\nThe Exhibition Cup was a one-off football tournament contested in Glasgow, Scotland. Held to coincide with the International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry, this early season competition was won by Cowlairs, beating Celtic in the final. The matches, played over the month of August 1888 with the final on 6 September, were staged at the University of Glasgow recreation grounds at Gilmorehill (today occupied by various departments of the institution such as the Kelvin Building of Physics and the Graham Kerr Building of Zoology), close to the exhibition's main site at Kelvingrove.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028227-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Glasgow Exhibition Cup\nAlthough the Scottish Football League had yet to be formed, the Exhibition Cup could be considered something of a second-tier tournament, as none of the entrants had been a winner or finalist in the Scottish Cup in its first 15 years of existence. However the tournament has some historical significance for Celtic, as it was the first final the club played, having only formed a few months earlier, and their first ever defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028227-0001-0001", "contents": "1888 Glasgow Exhibition Cup\nThe result was seen as a surprise, as Celtic had assembled a strong team of experienced players, mostly with Irish connections, from Hibernian and Renton, although Cowlairs also boosted their squad with guest players. The two teams met again a few weeks later in the second round of the 1888\u201389 Scottish Cup, Celtic this time winning emphatically 8\u20130, and went on to the final, losing to Third Lanark. Celtic also progressed to the final of the 1889 Glasgow North Eastern Cup, where they gained further revenge on Cowlairs by defeating them 6\u20131 to win their first trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028228-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Gower by-election\nThe Gower by-election, 1888 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Gower in South Wales in 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028228-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Gower by-election, Vacancy\nThe vacancy resulted from the death of the sitting member, Frank Ash Yeo, who had held the seat since it was formed in 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028228-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Gower by-election, The Result\nDavid Randell was elected by a small majority, defeating the Conservative landowner, John  Dillwyn-Llewellyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028229-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Grand National\nThe 1888 Grand National was the 50th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 23 March 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028230-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Gunnedah colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Gunnedah on 12 September 1888 because of the resignation of Thomas Goodwin (Protectionist).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028231-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1888 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1888 college football season. They finished with a 12\u20131 record. The team outscored its opponents 626\u201332, including a 102\u20130 victory over Amherst on November 3. The Crimson suffered its sole loss, to Princeton, losing by an 18\u20136 score on November 17. Two days later, Harvard defeated the Penn by a 50\u20130 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028232-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Home Nations Championship\nThe 1888 Home Nations Championship was the sixth series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Three matches were played between 4 February and 10 March. It was contested by Ireland, Scotland and Wales. England were excluded from the Championship due to their refusal to join the International Rugby Football Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028232-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Home Nations Championship, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028232-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Scotland\nWales: Ned Roberts (Llanelli RFC), George Bowen (Swansea), Arthur Gould (Newport),  Pryce-Jenkins (London Welsh), Jem Evans (Cardiff), William Stadden (Cardiff), Tom Clapp (Newport) capt., Richard Powell (Newport), Willie Thomas (London Welsh), Alexander Bland (Cardiff), Frank Hill (Cardiff), Dick Kedzlie (Cardiff), John Meredith (Swansea), T. Williams (Swansea), William Howell (Swansea)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028232-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Scotland\nScotland: HFT Chambers (Edinburgh U. ), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish), HJ Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), MM Duncan (Cambridge U. ), CE Orr (West of Scotland), CFP Fraser (Glasgow University), CW Berry (Fettesian-Lorettonians), AT Clay (Edinburgh Acads), A Duke (Royal HSFP), TW Irvine (Edinburgh Acads), MC McEwan (Edinburgh Acads), DS Morton (West of Scotland), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads) capt., LE Stevenson (Edinburgh U. ), TB White (Edinburgh Acads)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028232-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Scotland\nWales achieved their first victory over Scotland with a debut try from Pryce-Jenkins. After the try Wales switched their tactics to spoil the game by lying on the ball or kicking the ball into touch to prevent Scottish play. During the game Scotland grounded the ball over the Welsh line on five occasions but were not given a try by referee Chambers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028232-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Wales\nIreland: Dolway Walkington (NIFC), Maxwell Carpendale (Monkstown), DF Rambaut (Dublin U. ), CR Tillie (Dublin U. ), RG Warren (Landsdowne), JH McLaughlin (Derry), HJ Neill (NIFC) capt., EW Stoker (Wanderers), FO Stoker (Wanderers), WG Rutherford (Tipperary), T Shanahan (Landsdowne), CM Moore (Dublin U. ), J Moffatt (Belfast Academy), RH Mayne (Belfast Academy), W Ekin (Queen's College)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028232-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Wales\nWales: Ned Roberts (Llanelli RFC), Pryce-Jenkins (London Welsh), George Bowen (Swansea), Charlie Arthur (Cardiff), Jem Evans (Cardiff), Charlie Thomas (Newport), Tom Clapp (Newport) capt., Richard Powell (Newport), Frank Hill (Cardiff), Dick Kedzlie (Cardiff), Willie Thomas (London Welsh), Alexander Bland (Cardiff), John Meredith (Swansea), T. Williams (Swansea), William Howell (Swansea)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028232-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Wales\nThis was Ireland's first win over Wales, which saw Ireland employ Shanahan, a forward, into a wing-forward role. This is believed to be the first time a forward had been used to fill a winging position. Shanahan had an excellent game, setting up Warren's try and scoring himself. Wales played poorly, with eight of the players, including captain Clapp, never selected to represent Wales again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028232-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Wales\nThis game was also noted as the first game in which the Welsh selectors made no changes in the Welsh pack keeping the same forward players as the match against Scotland. It was also the last time Wales fielded nine forwards, adopting the four threequarter system after its successful use in the encounter with the New Zealand M\u0101ori in December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028232-0009-0000", "contents": "1888 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Ireland\nScotland: HFT Chambers (Edinburgh U. ), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish), HJ Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), DJ McFarlan (London Scottish), CE Orr (West of Scotland), Andrew Ramsay Don-Wauchope (Fettesian-Lorettonians), CW Berry (Fettesian-Lorettonians), Alexander Malcolm (Glasgow University), A Duke (Royal HSFP), TW Irvine (Edinburgh Acads), MC McEwan (Edinburgh Acads), DS Morton (West of Scotland), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads) capt., HT Ker (Glasgow Acads), TB White (Edinburgh Acads)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028232-0010-0000", "contents": "1888 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Ireland\nIreland: RW Marrow (Lisburn), Maxwell Carpendale (Monkstown), A Walpole (Dublin U. ), CR Tillie (Dublin U. ), RG Warren (Landsdowne), JH McLaughlin (Derry), HJ Neill (NIFC) capt., EW Stoker (Wanderers), WA Morton (Dublin U. ), Victor Le Fanu (Landsdowne), T Shanahan (Landsdowne), CM Moore (Dublin U. ), J Moffatt (Belfast Academy), RH Mayne (Belfast Academy), W Ekin (Queen's College)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028232-0011-0000", "contents": "1888 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Ireland\nAlthough Ireland lost to Scotland for the sixth consecutive time, their superior score over Wales enabled them to win the Championship for the first time. The match was also notable for being the last international game by Scotland's influential captain Charles Reid, who ended his career with twenty caps, a record for a forward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028233-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Hong Kong sanitary board election\nThe 1888 Sanitary Board Election was held on 11 June 1888 for the 2 unofficial seats in the Sanitary Board of Hong Kong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028233-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Hong Kong sanitary board election\nSanitary Board was set up in 1883 to supervise and control the practical sanitation of the colony. As its work involved interference with the private affairs of residents it was unpopular with property owners and with the Chinese generally. It could however only make proposals. Their implementation was a matter for the Government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028233-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Hong Kong sanitary board election\nOriginally it consisted solely of official members but subsequently provision was made for nominated unofficial members, and two members elected by ratepayers on the special and common jury lists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028233-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Hong Kong sanitary board election\nOf the 669 persons on the jury lists for the year, 213 voted, with 187 valid ballots and 23 spoiled ballots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028233-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Hong Kong sanitary board election\nIt was the first ever election held in the history of Hong Kong. The elections continued as the Sanitary Board transformed into the Urban Council in 1936 and marked the beginning of the Hong Kong constitutional reform in the post-war period. The Daily Press hailed the occasion saying the day would be ranked as a day of note by the future historians of Hong Kong; for the first time the ratepayers of the Colony had been given a voice in the management of their own affairs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028233-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Hong Kong sanitary board election\nOne of the candidates John Joseph Francis was a leading member of the Hong Kong Association founded in 1893 for improving and popularising the Government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028234-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Illinois gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Illinois gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028234-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Illinois gubernatorial election\nRepublican nominee Joseph W. Fifer defeated Democratic nominee John M. Palmer with 49.15% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028234-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Illinois gubernatorial election, Democratic nomination, Results\nThe Democratic state convention was held on May 23, 1888, at Springfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 68], "content_span": [69, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028234-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Illinois gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Results\nThe Republican state convention was held on May 2, 1888, at Springfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 68], "content_span": [69, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028235-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1888 Indiana Hoosiers football team was an American football team that represented Indiana University Bloomington during the 1888 college football season. In Indiana's second season of intercollegiate football, economics professor Arthur B. Woodford returned as the school's football coach. As in 1887, Indiana played only one game, that game ending in a 6\u20136 tie with the team from nearby DePauw University at Greencastle, Indiana. The players on the 1888 team included Joseph W. Murphy, John C. Capron, and J. F. Newsom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028236-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Indiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1888. Republican nominee Alvin Peterson Hovey defeated Democratic nominee Courtland C. Matson with 49.03% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028237-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Indianapolis Hoosiers season\nThe 1888 Indianapolis Hoosiers finished with a 50\u201385 record in the National League, finishing in seventh place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028237-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Offseason\nOctober 20, 1887: Gid Gardner and cash were traded by the Hoosiers to the Washington Nationals for Paul Hines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028237-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028237-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028237-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028237-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028238-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Isle of Thanet by-election\nThe 1888 Isle of Thanet by-election was held on 29 June 1888 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP Edward Robert King-Harman. The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate James Lowther, a former MP and government minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028239-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Kansas City Cowboys season\nThe 1888 Kansas City Cowboys baseball team finished with a 43\u201389 record, winding up in last place in the American Association during their debut season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028239-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Kansas City Cowboys season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028239-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Kansas City Cowboys season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028239-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Kansas City Cowboys season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028240-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1888. Republican nominee Lyman U. Humphrey defeated Democratic nominee John Martin with 54.68% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028241-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1888 Kentucky Derby was the 14th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 14, 1888. The track was labeled as fast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028242-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1888 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the second staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028242-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 29 April 1888, Mooncoin won the championship after a 2-02 to 0-00 defeat of Confederation in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028243-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Lafayette football team\nThe 1888 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1888 college football season. Playing without a regular coach, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record and outscored opponents by a total of 141 to 67. Everet Camp was the team captain, and H. Fay was the manager. The team played its home games on The Quad in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028244-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Lake Forest Foresters football team\nThe 1888 Lake Forest Foresters football team represented Lake Forest College during the 1888 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028245-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Lehigh football team\nThe 1888 Lehigh football team represented Lehigh University in the 1888 college football season. The team finished with an overall record of 10\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028246-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Limerick City by-election\nThe Limerick by-election, 1888 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Limerick City on 17 April 1888. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, Henry Joseph Gill of the Irish Parliamentary Party. In the resulting by-election another Irish Parliamentary Party candidate, Francis Arthur O'Keefe, a solicitor and Mayor of Limerick, was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028247-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1888 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the second staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028247-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nSouth Liberties won the championship after a 0-01 to 0-00 defeat of Murroe in the final. It was their first ever championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028248-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Saturday 1 November 1888. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028248-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 9 Great George, 14 May 1889\nCaused by the resignation of Councillor Thomas Bird Hall (Conservative, Great George, elected 1 November 1886) reported to the Council on 1 May 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 83], "content_span": [84, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028248-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 12, Lime Street, 8 August 1889\nCaused by the death of Councillor Sir James Allanson Picton (Liberal, Lime Street, elected 1 November 1888)on 15 July 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 86], "content_span": [87, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028248-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 2, Scotland\nCaused by the death of Councillor Patrick Edmund O'Hare (Irish Home Rule, Scotland, elected 29 December 1887) on 3 October 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028248-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 2, Scotland\nCouncillor O'Hare's term of office was due to expire on 1 November 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028249-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Liverpool School Board election\nElection to the Liverpool School Board were held in November 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028249-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Liverpool School Board election\nThere were twenty-seven candidates for the fifteen Board member positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028249-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Liverpool School Board election\nAfter the election, the composition of the school board was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028250-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Liverpool West Derby by-election\nThe 1888 Liverpool West Derby by-election was held on August 10, 1888 after the resignation of the incumbent Conservative Party MP Claud Hamilton. It was retained by the unopposed Conservative Candidate William Cross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028251-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Louisiana gubernatorial election was the second election to take place under the Louisiana Constitution of 1879. As a result of this election Francis T. Nicholls was re-elected Governor of Louisiana. The election saw widespread intimidation of African-Americans which guaranteed the election of the Democratic nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane\nThe 1888 Louisiana hurricane was a major hurricane that caused significant flooding and wind damage to the Mississippi River Delta and the Mississippi Valley in late August 1888. It was the third tropical cyclone and second hurricane of the 1888 Atlantic hurricane season. The cyclone first appeared north-northeast of the Turks and Caicos Islands, but may have formed earlier, undetected. It moved west-northwest, reaching hurricane intensity and making several landfalls in the Bahamas. In the island chain, the hurricane caused some damage to shipping, fruit groves, and fences, but apparently caused no known deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane\nThe storm then peaked as the equivalence of a strong Category 3 hurricane before hitting South Florida near present-day Miami Beach. Few people then lived in the area, so damage was mostly minimal, but a large storm surge affected the coast, and areas farther north on the peninsula reported damage to fruit groves, communications wires, and boats. Afterward, the cyclone crossed the thinly populated southern peninsula into the Gulf of Mexico, which it reached as a weaker hurricane. Re", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0001-0001", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane\n-intensifying over the Gulf of Mexico, the hurricane attained a secondary peak intensity of 110 miles per hour (177\u00a0km/h) before hitting Louisiana at that intensity. Areas along the Gulf Coast reported significant, widespread destruction from heavy rains, storm surge, and high tides, especially in Louisiana, where the storm destroyed crops and blew down buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane\nThe storm then curved northeast into New England before transitioning into an extratropical low-pressure area. The outer bands of the storm produced gale-force winds in the region and nearby Mid-Atlantic states, downing loose objects such as tree branches, awnings, and wires. Heavy rains washed out transportation networks like roads and railroads, but the worst effects were from a tornado outbreak; several significant tornadoes hit the Mid-Atlantic region, one of which caused 10 of the 12 reported deaths in the outbreak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Meteorological synopsis\nBy 12:00 UTC on August 14, a weak tropical storm with winds of 40\u00a0mph (64\u00a0km/h) formed about 100 miles (161\u00a0km) north-northeast of the Turks and Caicos Islands. Operationally, the U.S. Signal Corps, responsible for weather forecasting at the time, did not issue updates on the system until August 16, when observations first indicated a low-pressure area off the coast of South Florida. (The precise formative date of the cyclone was not documented in available observations, and may have occurred earlier than officially estimated.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0003-0001", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Meteorological synopsis\nUpon formation, the cyclone moved west-northwest toward The Bahamas\u2014then a British crown colony and overseas territory\u2014and steadily strengthened. As a strong tropical storm, the cyclone made its first landfall on the northern tip of San Salvador Island, then known as Watlings Island until 1925. It first attained hurricane intensity by 12:00 UTC on August 15, exactly 24 hours after formation. As it reached hurricane intensity, the storm made its second landfall on Cat Island in The Bahamas with maximum sustained winds of 80\u00a0mph (129\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0003-0002", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Meteorological synopsis\nContinuing on its west-northwestward course, the hurricane passed over the northern islands of Exuma with winds of 90\u00a0mph (145\u00a0km/h). Afterward, it strengthened further to the equivalent of a modern Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale, with winds of 105\u00a0mph (169\u00a0km/h). Around 00:00 UTC on August 16, the center, or eye, of the cyclone passed 20\u00a0mi (32\u00a0km) south of the Bahamian capital Nassau, on New Providence Island. Still pursuing a track to the west-northwest, the cyclone made a fourth landfall on the northern portion of Andros Island. It then crossed the island in fewer than six hours, and by 06:00 UTC on August 16 it became a major hurricane\u2014equivalent to a modern Category 3 on the Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane wind scale\u2014with winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Meteorological synopsis\nAfter reaching major hurricane status, the cyclone approached the Gulf Stream off the southeast coast of Florida. By 12:00 UTC on August 16, it attained its first and strongest peak intensity of 125\u00a0mph (201\u00a0km/h), near the upper threshold of the modern Category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale. About seven hours later, the hurricane struck the coast of South Florida, just north of present-day Miami Beach, at its peak intensity. (The point of landfall was near the present-day site of Upper Eastside in Miami.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0004-0001", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Meteorological synopsis\nAlthough few observations were available near the inner core of the cyclone, scientific reassessment conducted by the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project determined that the central pressure at landfall was likely close to 945 millibars (27.91\u00a0inHg), based primarily upon an observed storm surge value. The hurricane is one of 15 major hurricanes to have impacted southeast Florida since official records in the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) began in 1851. After striking South Florida\u2014now defined as part of the Miami metropolitan area\u2014the cyclone weakened as it moved inland over the Everglades, passing well to the south of Lake Okeechobee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0004-0002", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Meteorological synopsis\nBy 06:00 UTC on August 17, the cyclone reached the coast of Southwest Florida near present-day Cape Coral; due to interaction with land, its maximum sustained winds had decreased to 80\u00a0mph (129\u00a0km/h), equivalent to a modern Category 1 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale. The storm then passed out into the Gulf of Mexico near present-day Matlacha and Cayo Costa State Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Meteorological synopsis\nAfter entering the Gulf of Mexico off Southwest Florida, the cyclone began to re-intensify and turn to the west. By 18:00 UTC on August 17, the hurricane regained winds equivalent to those of a modern Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale. After having traveled west-northwest for its entire lifespan, at this time its path shifted to the west and began to approach the northern U.S. Gulf Coast. By 00:00 UTC on August 18, the cyclone attained its second peak intensity of 110\u00a0mph (177\u00a0km/h), just below the modern Category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0005-0001", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Meteorological synopsis\nAs it neared the coast of Louisiana, the hurricane maintained its intensity while gradually turning to the northwest and north-northwest. Around 16:00 UTC on August 19, the center of the cyclone made landfall just south of Cocodrie in Terrebonne Parish with winds of 110\u00a0mph (177\u00a0km/h). As it moved inland over the marshes of southern Louisiana, the hurricane turned northward and slowly weakened. By 18:00 UTC on August 20, the cyclone weakened to a strong tropical storm as it neared the town of Greenville in western Mississippi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0005-0002", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Meteorological synopsis\nIts path gradually inclined to the northeast and accelerated over the Mississippi Valley, reaching the Mid-Atlantic region by 00:00 UTC on August 22. Early on August 22, the storm passed over southern New England, and by 12:00 UTC it became extratropical while centered about 80\u00a0mi (129\u00a0km) south of Bar Harbor, Maine. The extratropical cyclone was last positioned northeast of Newfoundland and Labrador at 18:00 UTC on August 24.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Preparations and impact\nAs the hurricane passed through The Bahamas, it damaged fruit trees, crops, and fences, especially on the Abaco Islands, Harbour Island, and New Providence. According to the New York Times, winds in Nassau, on New Providence, shifted from northeast and southwest, lasting about eight hours, but causing only slight damage to nearby shipping.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Preparations and impact\nThe hurricane affected few people in South Florida, striking a portion of the coast that was largely unpopulated and devoid of major settlements. Nevertheless, the cyclone produced widespread damage over much of the region, extending as far north as Sebastian. The highest wind speed reported in South Florida was below hurricane intensity\u2014only 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h) at Point Jupiter\u2014and only modest rainfall of 2.02\u00a0in (51\u00a0mm) was measured at the same location.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0007-0001", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Preparations and impact\nThe highest winds on the east coast of Florida occurred at Sebastian Inlet and were estimated to have reached minimal hurricane intensity, 75\u00a0mph (121\u00a0km/h), from the northeast. The strong winds downed trees and telegraph poles; additionally, many small boats were reportedly pushed ashore, and nearby fruit groves sustained \"several thousand dollars\" in damage. Although the storm mostly produced minimal damage, it reportedly generated a large storm surge of 14 feet (4.3\u00a0m) \"on the beaches near Miami\"\u2014one of the highest on record in South Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0007-0002", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Preparations and impact\nThe surge was comparable to the 14\u201315\u00a0ft (4.3\u20134.6\u00a0m) visually estimated from Coconut Grove in the 1926 Miami hurricane\u2014in fact, it was even higher than the officially measured value of 13.2\u00a0ft (4.0\u00a0m) in Miami from the same storm\u2014and was only exceeded by the 16.89\u00a0ft (5.1\u00a0m) measured at the Burger King International Headquarters near Cutler in Dade County during Hurricane Andrew in 1992. However, little information is available about the circumstances of the storm surge value reported in 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Preparations and impact\nAs the hurricane passed into the Gulf of Mexico, high tides and strong winds affected the northern U.S. Gulf Coast, beginning in the Big Bend and the Florida Panhandle. The town of Cedar Key experienced light rain as the storm passed well to its southwest. The town also witnessed peak winds of 42\u00a0mph (68\u00a0km/h) that led to reports of yachts capsizing. The Florida Panhandle, closer to the center of the storm, experienced much higher winds and sustained heavier damages. Winds of 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h) affected the town of Pensacola, causing significant damage to property in the area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0008-0001", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Preparations and impact\nFarther west, other communities reported even more severe damage due to high tides and storm surge. For instance, the city of Mobile, Alabama, experienced one of its worst floods on record as a storm surge caused the Mobile River to overflow, submerging the Mobile waterfront to a depth of 3\u00a0ft (0.91\u00a0m) and spreading floodwater two to three blocks inland. Strong winds that peaked at 55\u00a0mph (89\u00a0km/h) in the city topped trees, blew down fences, and unroofed some homes. Some damage occurred along the Mississippi coast as waves washed out some coastal structures and winds prostrated trees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0008-0002", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Preparations and impact\nHowever, the worst damage occurred in the Mississippi River Delta, just to the east of the center, where severe flooding left large sections of countryside underwater. Severe damage occurred to crops in the area, particularly rice and sugarcane: entire rice fields were flooded to a depth of several feet, and much of the sugarcane crop was flattened by strong winds. In the Bayou Teche country, the hurricane blew down numerous outbuildings, unroofed numerous homes, and destroyed some large dwellings and churches. After the storm, growers estimated that 30\u201360% of the rice crop sustained damage. In many areas at least one-third of the timber was downed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0009-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Preparations and impact\nIn the Mid-Atlantic region and southern New England, the storm produced gale-force winds and heavy rainfall, washing out numerous railroad bridges and tracks. Strong winds reached 38\u00a0mph (61\u00a0km/h) in Norfolk, Virginia, and 44\u00a0mph (71\u00a0km/h) in New Haven, Connecticut. The winds blew down awnings, signs, and tree branches. In Delaware and Maryland, the cyclone spawned numerous tornadoes\u2014five of which were \"significant\" (F2 or greater) on the Fujita scale\u2014that killed at least 12 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028252-0009-0001", "contents": "1888 Louisiana hurricane, Preparations and impact\nOne or more tornadoes may have hit Springfield and Glendale in Montgomery County, Maryland, north of Washington, D.C., destroying a church, a dwelling, and a blacksmith's shop. Winds downed large oak trees, \"shattering a car\" in the county. One tornado caused a large cannery, two stories tall, to collapse, killing 10 people under mounds of debris near Still Pond, Maryland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028253-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisville Colonels season\nThe 1888 Louisville Colonels season was a season in American baseball. The team finished with a 58\u201387 record, seventh place in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028253-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisville Colonels season, Regular season\nOn June 7, shareholder Mordecai Davidson bought out most of the other shareholder, appointing himself president and John R. Botto vice-president. Two days later, he officially took over as manager as well. John Kerins, among others, served as team captain, guiding the team's on-field activities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028253-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028253-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028253-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028254-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Maltese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Malta between 1 and 3 March 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028254-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Maltese general election, Background\nThe elections were the first held under the new Knutsford Constitution. The number of elected seats was increased from eight to ten, whilst a further four members were elected to represent nobility and landowners, graduates, clerics and the Chamber of Commerce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028254-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Maltese general election, Results\nA total of 9,696 people were registered to vote, of which just 3,487 cast votes, giving a turnout of 36%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028255-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Manitoba general election\nThe 1888 Manitoba general election was held on July 11, 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028256-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1888 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1888 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 2\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028257-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1888. Incumbent Republican Governor Oliver Ames was re-elected to a third term in office, defeating Democratic Mayor of Cambridge William Russell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028258-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 109th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1888 during the governorship of Oliver Ames. Halsey J. Boardman served as president of the Senate and Charles J. Noyes served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028258-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Massachusetts legislature\nNotable legislation included incorporation of the Massachusetts chapter of the National Woman Suffrage Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028259-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Mexican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Mexico in 1888. Incumbent president Porfirio D\u00edaz was re-elected with 99.7% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028260-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1888 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University during the 1888 college football season. The 1888 team was Miami's first football team to compete in intercollegiate football. The team played only one game, a scoreless tie with the University of Cincinnati football team at Oxford, Ohio, on December 8, 1888. The team did not have a paid coach from 1888 to 1894. The 1888 game between Cincinnati and Miami was the first in what later became the Victory Bell series that has been included more than 110 games and is one of the oldest rivalries in college football. It was also the first college football game played in the State of Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028260-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Miami Redskins football team\nThe players on the first Miami football team included W. Chidlaw, S. Fox, J. Lough, F. McCracken, J. Macready, R. Mason, E. Reed, S. Stephenson, W. Stubbs, and S. Townsend.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1888 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1888 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20131 record and outscored its opponents by a combined score of 94 to 36. The team scored 76 points against Albion College, a single-game Michigan record that stood until Fielding H. Yost's 1901 \"Point-a-Minute\" team scored 128 points against Buffalo. The team closed its season with a Thanksgiving Day game against a \"picked team\" from the Chicago University Club that The New York Times called \"undoubtedly the greatest football event that ever took place in the West.\" The captain of the 1888 team was halfback James E. Duffy who had set the world's record for dropkick distance in 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nIn its first issue of the 1888\u20131889 academic year, The Chronicle (a weekly newspaper at the University of Michigan) expressed concern over the prospects for the school's football team. The newspaper noted that the team had lost some of its most valuable men and urged \"everyone who has played foot-ball or who thinks that with practice he could play,\" to try out for the team. In another article, the same newspaper opined that the 1888 team was \"crippled by the general breakup of last year.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0001-0001", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nThe Chronicle repeatedly complained that the professional departments, especially the law and medicine departments, had failed to demonstrate their college spirit by participating on the team. Students who were unable to play were urged to assist the team in its practice sessions or to donate money to a fund to be used in purchasing uniforms and equipment for the team. For those willing to assist the team in practice, The Chronicle wrote: \"Don't be afraid of a rough tumble or a laugh for an awkward play.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nOn September 29, 1888, the seniors defeated the juniors in the annual \"football rush.\" The seniors won the competition \"in two straight innings.\" On October 17, 1888, Theodore Roosevelt, then a \"scholar and writer of New York,\" visited the Michigan campus and delivered a speech. The Chronicle reported on Roosevelt's comments directed at the football team: \"Theo. Roosevelt has no fear of the murderous Sioux or of a cattle stampede, but he does claim that it is not healthy to get in the way of the U. of M. rugby team.\" In late October, the team began practicing every evening at 4 p.m.  All students who were \"strong enough for the game\" were again reminded to come out and practice with the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nThe team's schedule was established based on challenges between teams. The 1888 Michigan team received challenges from Notre Dame, the Harvard School of Chicago, the Detroit Athletic Club, and Albion College. In the end, only three games were scheduled, the first on November 17 and the last on November 29. The last game was set for Thanksgiving Day in hopes that the game would attract a large crowd and develop a tradition to rival the Thanksgiving Day games played before large crowds in New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Detroit Athletic Club\nMichigan played its first game of the year on November 17, 1888, in Detroit. The opponent was the football team from the Detroit Athletic Club, and the game was played at the Club's grounds. As one of the earliest exhibitions of football in Detroit, the game attracted considerable interest and curiosity. The Detroit Free Press emphasized the unfamiliarity of the game in its coverage:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Detroit Athletic Club\n\"The spectacle of twenty muscular young men in one colossal heap, struggling, pulling, hauling, pushing, with arms, legs and caps flying in every direction is an exciting and certainly novel one. . . . All the ground and lofty tumbling was for the possession of a leather-covered foot ball, which every one of those twenty-two athletes had evidently determined to possess or perish in the attempt. . . .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0005-0001", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Detroit Athletic Club\nWhile one unaccustomed to foot ball will naturally be startled by some of the acrobatic feats, still it is impossible to watch the game for any length of time without a tingling of the blood and holding of the breath. It is most intensely exciting, continuous in action and replete with fine points of play.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Detroit Athletic Club\nThe teams took to the field at 3 p.m., and the game began at 3:30\u00a0p.m. The Free Press described the athletic grounds as \"a gay scene\" with young men \"scampering over the field\" in picturesque suits consisting of \"close-fitting knitted caps of gay colors, canvas jackets and knickerbockers, stockings of various colors and shoes of all kind.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Detroit Athletic Club\nOn the opening play of the game, Michigan's team captain James E. Duffy (who had set the world's record for dropkick distance in 1886) lined up for the kick off, but Michigan halfback Edgar McPherran grabbed the ball on a pre-arranged trick play and ran downfield. Duffy followed with a long run from scrimmage. Michigan scored eight points in the first half of 45 minutes. The points came on a touchdown and goal after touchdown (both scored by Duffy) and a safety. In the second half, Michigan end James Van Inwagen added a touchdown for Michigan. The game ended early due to darkness. Although Michigan records reflect the final score as a 14\u20136 victory, the account of the game in the Detroit Free Press indicated that the score was 14\u20130 when the game was \"postponed\" due to darkness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 868]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Detroit Athletic Club\nThe team sent to Detroit consisted of Van Inwagen (right end), Bradley (right tackle), Hagle (right guard), Malley (center), Beach (left guard), Northcroft (left tackle), Smith (left end), Farrand (quarterback), McPherran (halfback), Duffy (halfback), and Ball (goal). DePont and Payne were the substitutes. The umpire was Frederick William Mehlhop, and the referee was Michigan student George P. Codd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0009-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nMichigan played its only home game against Albion College at the Ann Arbor Fairgrounds on November 24, 1888. Michigan won by a score of 76\u20134. Michigan's 76 points established a Wolverines' single-game scoring record that was not exceeded until Fielding H. Yost's 1901 \"Point-a-Minute\" team scored 128 points against Buffalo. Albion's four points were awarded after the visitors disputed a call made by the officials and threatened to leave the grounds. The Albion players were persuaded to continue with the game \"upon a concession of four points by the home team.\" The Detroit Free  Press called it \"a splendid game\" with \"some excellent team work being done by the 'Varsity eleven.\" The Chronicle wrote: \"As usual U. of M. had a walk away. Albion scored her first point through an error.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 853]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0010-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nMichigan's lineup against Albion was Van Inwagen (right end), Bradley (right tackle), Malley (right guard), Hagle (center), Beach (left guard), Payne (left tackle), MacMillan (left end), F. L. Smith (quarterback), McPherran (halfback), J. E. Duffy (halfback), and Ball (goal).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0011-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Chicago University club\nMichigan concluded its season with a Thanksgiving Day game against the Chicago University club. The game was played at the Chicago Baseball Park, the home field of Cap Anson's 1888 Chicago Whitestockings. It was attended by 3,000 persons, and the proceeds totaling approximately $1,200 were given to charities, including the Geneva Fresh Air Fund, the Lake Side Sanitarium, and the Training School for Nurses. A 15-inch high silver cup valued at $300 was presented to the winning team. The New York Times and Outing magazine both called it \"undoubtedly the greatest football event that ever took place in the West.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0012-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Chicago University club\nFootball was new to Chicago, and the Chicago Daily Tribune therefore published a lengthy summary of the game's rules, jargon, and methods on the day before the game. The Tribune described prize-fighting as \"a mild sport\" in comparison to football:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0013-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Chicago University club\n\"In a football game a player who gets possession of the ball may be attacked by anywhere form one to eleven men. . . . Slugging is not allowed, but 'tackling' is. A tackle, as described below, is a delightful and exciting point of play. . . . The man who is tackled, if game, will endeavor to hold the ball while the members of both teams will try to form a mountain on top of him.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0014-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Chicago University club\nThe Michigan team arrived in Chicago at 7 p.m. on Friday evening and stayed at the Palmer House. After eating supper at the hotel, the team attended a performance of Francis Chassaigne's \"Nadjy\" at the Chicago Opera House. The Chicago University Club team was a \"picked team\" selected from the best athletes in the West, many of whom had played college football for Yale, Princeton, Harvard, or Columbia. Chicago's center (Peters) and left guard (Burke) were well-known former college players who were brought in from St. Paul and Nebraska. The New York Times wrote that \"the preparatory schools and the universities had been drained for the best talent in sight.\" The Chicago Daily Tribune wrote that the Chicago team \"represented the best men that could be collected from university men resident west of the Alleghenies.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 906]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0015-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Chicago University club\nThe game attracted many representatives of Chicago's high society. The Chicago Daily Tribune wrote: \"The finest turnouts of the city with the leaders of Chicago beauty decked in ... and favorite college colors swept into the grounds. Four-in-hands, tally-hos, . . . English carts, mail phaetons, carriages and all sorts of fashionable vehicles . . . Their occupants did not know much about football and did not entirely approve of the rough and gory sport.\" A bugle on a tally-ho belonging to Chicago quarterback Harry Hamlin announced the arrival of the Chicago team at the playing field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0016-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Chicago University club\nEarly in the contest, Michigan's starting center Horace Greely Prettyman was ejected for \"slugging\" Chicago's center, Peters. The New York Times wrote: \"Prettyman lost his temper and struck Peters in the mouth twice with his fist.\" The Chronicle offered a defense of Prettyman: \"The facts in the case are that Prettyman knocked loose the hands of Peters when Peters had grabbed him by the jacket. Peters declared that Prettyman had not hit him on the jaw, but the umpire, a Yale man, knew more than the man who was struck!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0017-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Chicago University club\nThe New York Times called Prettyman \"the backbone of the Michigan rush line\" and noted that the team was disheartened after his ejection. Peters, the player who Prettyman hit, was described as \"the giant of the Chicago men.\" The Detroit Free Press described the difficulties that the Michigan team had in handling Peters after Prettyman was ejected: \"Two or three men went for him and were hurled from his shoulders like boys tossed by a long-horned Texas steer, and clearing the mob he knocked down the last remaining opponent and scored a touch-down.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0017-0001", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Chicago University club\nThe Chicago team took an 18-0 lead at halftime. According to the Chicago Daily Tribune, the halftime intermission allowed the players to \"count bruises.\" The Tribune emphasized the physical nature of the battle: \"Not a man on either team had escaped blood. Noses were bleeding profusely, every man's lips were cut and swollen faces were plastered with mud, and lame joints and twitching backs were many.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0018-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Chicago University club\nIn the second half, Michigan halfback and captain James E. Duffy scored Michigan's only touchdown \"by good running and dodging.\" Duffy was singled out for praise. The New York Times wrote that Duffy played with \"wonderful skill\" and noted that many observers thought that Duffy's play was \"the chief feature of the game.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0019-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Chicago University club\nDuffy scored a second touchdown on a long run, but the umpire, Samuel Davis Capen, ruled that Duffy had been offside and disallowed the touchdown. The ruling was disputed, and even the Chicago Daily Tribune wrote that the score should have been allowed. After the game, one Michigan player complained about the officiating: \"Those Yale men [Capen was a Yale graduate] are always ferocious, but we don't object to rough treatment. What we didn't like was that our men were ruled off for slugging, while they could slug as much as they pleased.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0019-0001", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Chicago University club\nMichigan's captain, Duffy, added: \"The only thing that I regret is that we feel that the umpire was unfair. Disqualifying Prettyman disheartened us. He was our mainstay. We have learned that football consists much more in little tricks incessantly played than in plain, fair play.\" The Chronicle emphasized that the Chicago team treated the Michigan team \"most royally and acted as perfect gentlemen,\" but complained, \"'Tis lamentable that as much can not be said of the fairness of the umpire.\" The Chronicle also opined that, despite the loss, the Michigan team \"was well trained, and probably as thoroughly disciplined as any the University has had for some years.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0020-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Chicago University club\nMichigan's starting lineup on Thanksgiving Day was Van Inwagen (right end), Bradley (right tackle), Malley (right guard), Prettyman (center), Beach (left guard), Hagle (left tackle), MacMillan (left end), F. L. Smith (quarterback), McPherran (halfback), J. E. Duffy (halfback), and W. D. Ball (goal).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028261-0021-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Chicago University club\nThe game drew more extensive coverage in the press than any previous football game in the West. The Chronicle expressed the hope that the game would spark interest in football in the West and opined that \"the fever may now be said to be upon us.\" The Chicago Times covered the Thanksgiving Day game on the front page and relegated the Yale\u2013Princeton game to page two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028262-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1888. Republican nominee Cyrus G. Luce defeated Fusion candidate Wellington R. Burt with 49.20% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028263-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Mid Lanarkshire by-election\nThe Mid Lanarkshire by-election, 1888 was a parliamentary by-election held on 27 April 1888 for the House of Commons constituency of Mid Lanarkshire in Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028263-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Mid Lanarkshire by-election, Previous MP\nThe seat had become vacant in April 1888. The constituency's Liberal Member of Parliament, Stephen Mason resigned from his seat. He did this by being appointed Steward of the Manor of Northstead, a notional offices of profit under the Crown, which is used to permit MPs to vacate their seats as Members of the House of Commons cannot technically resign from their seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028263-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Mid Lanarkshire by-election, Previous MP\nMason (1832-21 April 1890) was a Glasgow merchant, who had been the MP for the constituency since the 1885 general election. He was known for having written pamphlets on political topics, such as monetary and land questions, the Anglo-French treaty of 1860 and banking in Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028263-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Mid Lanarkshire by-election, Candidates\nThree candidates were nominated. The list below is set out in descending order of the number of votes received at the by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028263-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Mid Lanarkshire by-election, Candidates\n1. The Liberal Party candidate was John Wynford Philipps (30 May 1860 \u2013 28 March 1938). He was called to the bar of England and Wales in 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028263-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Mid Lanarkshire by-election, Candidates\nPhilipps contested Devizes at the 1886 general election. He was MP for this seat from the by-election until he resigned in 1894. He was subsequently elected MP for Pembrokeshire at an 1898 by-election. He sat for the Welsh county until he was created the 1st Lord St Davids in 1908. He was advanced in the peerage as the 1st Viscount St Davids in 1918.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028263-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 Mid Lanarkshire by-election, Candidates\n2. The Conservative candidate was William Robert Bousfield (12 January 1854 \u2013 16 July 1943), admitted to the bar of England and Wales in 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028263-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 Mid Lanarkshire by-election, Candidates\nBousfield was elected MP for Hackney North at a by-election in 1892 and retained that seat until he was defeated in 1906.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028263-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 Mid Lanarkshire by-election, Candidates\n3. Representing the Labour interest, as an Independent Labour candidate, was the Lanarkshire born (James) Keir Hardie (15 August 1856 \u2013 26 September 1915).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028263-0009-0000", "contents": "1888 Mid Lanarkshire by-election, Candidates\nHardie had a background as a manual worker, which was unusual for a political candidate in 1888. Previously some working men, with a trade union background, had been elected to Parliament as Liberal-Labour candidates but none without Liberal support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028263-0010-0000", "contents": "1888 Mid Lanarkshire by-election, Candidates\nHardie had worked as a miner. He became a trade unionist and then a journalist. At the time of the by-election he was a member of the Liberal Party, but the local Liberal Association rejected him as its candidate at the by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028263-0011-0000", "contents": "1888 Mid Lanarkshire by-election, Candidates\nHardie subsequently was a leading figure in the development of the Labour Party. He was elected Independent Labour MP for West Ham South in 1892 and sat until defeated in 1895. During this time he was the person who presided over the meeting which created the Independent Labour Party (ILP) in 1893. Hardie contested Bradford East for the ILP in a by-election in 1896 and Preston at the 1900 general election for the Labour Representation Committee (LRC). He also contested and won Merthyr Tydfil in the 1900 election. The LRC was renamed the Labour Party in 1906. Hardie was the Parliamentary Labour Party Chairman (its de facto leader) from 1906 until 1908. He continued to represent Merthyr Tydfil until he died in 1915.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference\nThe 1888 Minneapolis General Conference Session was a meeting of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists held in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in October 1888. It is regarded as a landmark event in the history of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Key participants were Alonzo T. Jones and Ellet J. Waggoner, who presented a message on justification supported by Ellen G. White, but resisted by leaders such as G. I. Butler, Uriah Smith and others. The session discussed crucial theological issues such as the meaning of \"righteousness by faith\", the nature of the Godhead, the relationship between law and grace, and Justification and its relationship to Sanctification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Introduction\nThe Seventh-day Adventist Church General Conference Session of 1888 was held in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was one of the most significant meetings the denomination had ever had up to that time since it was formally organized on May 23, 1863. Church historians, theologians, and laypersons consider the session to be important. They differ in their own perspective and interpretation of the specific events, the message presented there, and the ensuing reactions. The \"joint Minneapolis Institute and General Conference, of 1888, involved vastly more than appeared on the surface. It was the culmination of a whole series of developments that led up to it.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Foundational experience\nThe founding pioneers of the Seventh-day Adventist Church believed in Jesus Christ as their Lord and Saviour and the Bible as their guide in life. Those who had come through the Millerite Movement had first-hand knowledge of disappointment and discouragement. As they studied the Scriptures concerning end time prophecy, the sanctuary types and their fulfillment, and the perpetuity of the law of God, they saw the necessity for organization as a means for proclaiming these truths to the world. The denomination was formally organized on May 23, 1863, in Battle Creek, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Foundational experience\nThe men and women who were a part of the development of this denomination came from various religious backgrounds, bringing with them into the new movement some beliefs peculiar to their former associations. Two significant hold-over theological views were semi-Pelagianism and semi-Arianism. The focus of the early Seventh-day Adventist Church tended more toward basic denominational organization and development, emphasis on obedience to the Ten Commandments, and efforts at evangelism and church growth during the anguish of the American Civil War and its aftermath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0003-0001", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Foundational experience\nAfter its formation the doctrines of Salvation and righteousness by faith were understood and accepted but stayed in the background, mostly because these truths were familiar to most churches, so bringing out of these and other specific theological points awaited later focus and discussion. Though their Biblical arguments brought many to the church, they had minimized the centrality of the indwelling Christ as the only power to obey the commandments and to keep the Sabbath, and self-satisfaction and complacency began to affect the church.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Foundational experience\n\"There was nothing wrong with such material progress. . . .It was right and proper that institutes be established, that the work spread into new regions and churches everywhere be raised up. But ministers and laity alike mistook this growth for the true end and purpose of the Advent movement \u2014 a spiritual preparation for the return of Christ. Confusion resulted, and self-esteem and complacency began to surface in the weekly reports of 'the advance of the cause' as published in the Review.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Sources of the developing conflict\nBy the second generation of the movement, the denomination had become well established across the United States and had mission fields around the world. As the church grew, so did opposition (and in some places, persecution), particularly regarding the seventh-day Sabbath. Emphasis on the Ten Commandments as a part of obedience to God was a firmly established and central tenet of the denomination by the 1870s. Sunday-keeping Christians claimed that keeping the seventh-day Sabbath was a sign of legalism or judaizing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 71], "content_span": [72, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0005-0001", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Sources of the developing conflict\nConvinced of the Biblical correctness of the seventh-day Sabbath, Seventh-day Adventists turned to their Bibles to show the beliefs and doctrines from scripture and teach other Christians, prompting the moniker \"People of the Book\" to be applied to them, and not a few became decidedly legalistic. So at the 1888 General Conference Session in Minneapolis, the presentation of the message of Christ as the only source of righteousness by two young preachers was going to create conflict with some members including church leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 71], "content_span": [72, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Sources of the developing conflict, Defending Sabbath observance\nMinisters and laypersons alike used scriptures in debating the beliefs of Adventist, including this particular issue from Scripture. However, there was still much opposition to the Sabbath belief, and there were Christians that said that Seventh-day Adventists were indeed legalists who held strictly to the \"letter of the law.\" All the work involved in developing and extending the denomination seemed to force attention upon what the individual could accomplish, opening the door to self-reliance in spiritual matters as well. The Christ centered gospel was displaced by man's efforts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 101], "content_span": [102, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Sources of the developing conflict, Defending Sabbath observance\n\"Powerful arguments were developed to establish [the law's] 'binding obligations.' Debaters and polemicists emerged, stressing the Sabbath, the Law, etc. \u2014 like lawyers arguing a case. Spirituality waned, and not a few became decided legalists. . . . Cold intellectualism and dry theory increased. Christ often became secondary, and Righteousness by Faith largely lost sight of, through outward profession without inner experience. The majesty of the message and the law was magnified. But something was lacking. Discussions were logical and convincing, but not Christ centered.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 101], "content_span": [102, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Sources of the developing conflict, Arianism and the atonement\nA second issue that paved the way for the discussions at Minneapolis was the semi-Arian view on the divinity of Christ. This was not an openly discussed theological perspective but was a view that many of the early church leaders had brought in from the churches they came from and some prominent individuals still held on to them such as Uriah Smith. Uriah Smith (1832\u20131903), long-time editor of the Review and Herald (now Adventist Review), the official organ of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, had expounded this position in his discourse on the Book of Revelation first published in 1865. Commenting on Revelation 1:4, Smith set forth a straight Arian position by claiming that the language of the verse was \"applicable only to God the Father,\" and was \"never applied to Christ.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 99], "content_span": [100, 885]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0009-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Sources of the developing conflict, Arianism and the atonement\nAnother Adventist pioneer who held to the Arian view was Joseph H. Waggoner (1820\u20131889), Ellet J. Waggoner's father. J.H. Waggoner was an early convert to the Advent movement, serving on the committee called in 1860 to form the legal organization of the denomination. In 1881, Joseph H. Waggoner succeeded James White as editor of the Pacific coast evangelistic magazine, Signs of the Times. Through his several books on the atonement, the elder Waggoner wrote that Christ was only God in \"a subordinate sense,\" and thus not fully divine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 99], "content_span": [100, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0009-0001", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Sources of the developing conflict, Arianism and the atonement\nHis main point of dispute was the Trinitarian concept of three divine persons (God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit). In his expanded volume on the atonement, J.H. Waggoner devoted two chapters in his attempt to prove that the Trinitarian view was false because it inferred that Christ, being God, could not have died on the cross of Calvary, and thus full atonement for sin could not have been made.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 99], "content_span": [100, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0010-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Sources of the developing conflict, Arianism and the atonement\nEllen White wrote very clear passages of the oneness of the GodHead and eventually led the Seventh-day Adventist Church to firmly reject Arianism and accept the concept of the Godhead that the Church holds today on the Trinity. Church historians point out that the teachings and writings of Ellen White, who was raised in a Methodist family, ultimately proved influential in shifting the church away from its largely semi-Arian roots towards Trinitarianism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 99], "content_span": [100, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0011-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Open confrontation\nE.J. Waggoner was selected as a delegate from California to attend the 1886 General Conference session held that year at Battle Creek, Michigan. When he arrived he found that church leaders such as Butler strongly opposed his emphasis on Christ as the sole source of righteousness, especially in light of Waggoner's teaching on the law in Galatians. Butler prepared a small booklet titled \"The Law in the Book of Galatians\" that was handed out to all the delegates at that conference, countering Waggoner's position. (Read a )", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0011-0001", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Open confrontation\nIn this document, Butler presented his position on the law in Galatians, and stated that Waggoner's view would lead the antinomian Christians who opposed Sabbath-keeping to find a reason to claim that the moral law (especially the fourth commandment) was \"nailed to the cross\" and therefore was \"no longer binding\" on New Testament Christians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0012-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Open confrontation\n\"The Westerners had reverted to the early Seventh-day Adventist position that the law Paul here referred to as the 'schoolmaster to bring us to Christ' (verse 24) was the whole body of the moral law including the Ten Commandments. This position the Adventists had almost entirely abandoned during the 1860s and 1870s; the 'schoolmaster' was reinterpreted to mean the ceremonial and sacrificial laws of Moses which pointed forward to the Messiah. This reinterpretation had developed largely as a reaction to Protestant clergymen who interpreted Paul's statement in Galatians 3:25 ('we are no longer under the schoolmaster') to mean that the Ten Commandment law had been abrogated; thus, the seventh-day Sabbath was no longer viable.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0013-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Open confrontation\nEllen White initially saw the conflict as a small diversionary topic but quickly realized the danger and that it was counter-productive to the real issue of the fulfillment of Adventist message of Christ's return and moved to resolve the uncomfortable situation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0014-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Open confrontation, Summary of the forerunning conflict\nThus we find these two main points of contention facing the delegates at Minneapolis: justification is by faith not by works, and the semi-Arian view of the Godhead and its effect on the doctrine of the atonement. Prior to the 1888 Minneapolis conference a third topic of contention developed between Uriah Smith and A.T. Jones. Jones was an avid student of history, especially as it applied to the prophecies of the Bible. He had discovered that the Alemanni and not the Huns were one of the ten horns (tribes or nations) described prophetically in Daniel 7. Smith took grave exception to this new view, relying on the traditional position of the Millerites to support his position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 92], "content_span": [93, 776]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0015-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Open confrontation, Summary of the forerunning conflict\n\"Jones was accordingly regarded by some as the fosterer of a new historical 'heresy,' while Waggoner was thought to be projecting a doctrinal deviation \u2014 which departures would have to be settled at the Minneapolis Meeting.\" Preconceived opinions and strong prejudice were firmly entrenched due to the previous two years' contentions between Waggoner and Butler, and Jones and Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 92], "content_span": [93, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0016-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Season of debate, Ministerial Bible Institute\nPrior to the actual General Conference session, a Bible Institute was convened beginning on Wednesday Oct. 10, 1888. The General Conference session began on Oct. 18 and ran through more than two full weeks, ending on Sunday Nov. 4, 1888. It was during the Bible Institute that A.T. Jones delivered his evidence supporting the idea that the Alemanni were one of the ten horns of prophecy that succeeded the crumbling Roman Empire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0017-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Season of debate, Ministerial Bible Institute\n\"Jones had done his homework well. No one was able effectively to dispute the historical evidence he cited in favor of the Alemanni's right to supplant the Huns as one of the kingdoms succeeding Rome. Uriah Smith, Adventism's most noted prophetic expositor, was placed on the defensive. On one occasion he modestly disclaimed originality for the list of kingdoms he had given in Thoughts on Daniel. Smith admitted having simply followed Millerite and earlier interpreters on this point.\" Such strong lines were drawn regarding this subject that during the ensuing weeks of the conference when men would pass each other in the halls, they inquired of each other whether they were \"Huns\" or \"Alemanni.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0018-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Season of debate, Ministerial Bible Institute\n\"Thus did a dispute over a minor point set the pot of controversy boiling before the really significant theological presentation began.\" \"Many had come to the Conference expecting a clash, and so were not disappointed. Such entered it in a fighting spirit, and a definite split developed. The gulf was wide and deep.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0019-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Season of debate, Ministerial Bible Institute\nFrom the onset of the 1888 Minneapolis Conference, Ellen White perceived that a battle over truth was erupting within the denomination. At first, Ellen White rejoiced that the spirit of God was at the meeting and commented that the leaders \"heard as it were God speaking to them through his Son. They saw, they felt the divine influence of the Spirit of God and all witnessed to the gracious words that proceeded from His mouth [Ellen White, Manuscript 24, 1888.].\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0019-0001", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Season of debate, Ministerial Bible Institute\nEllen White soon discovered, however, that other forces were deliberately at work planning to disrupt and confuse the mission and message of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Ellen White was convinced that God had \"raised up\" for this moment these two young ministers, E. J. Waggoner and A. T. Jones, to give a message to the delegates at the conference. \"I believe without a doubt that God has given precious truth at the right time to Brother Jones and Brother Waggoner. Do I place them as infallible?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0019-0002", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Season of debate, Ministerial Bible Institute\nDo I say that they will not make a statement or have an idea that cannot be questioned or that cannot be error? Do I say so? No, I do not say any such thing. Nor do I say that of any man in the world. But I do say God has sent light, and do be careful how you treat it.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0020-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Season of debate, General Conference session\nWhen E.J. Waggoner arrived at the Conference, a blackboard had been placed on the speaker's platform with views on the law in Galatians written upon it. J.H. Morrison had affixed his signature under the statement: \"Resolved \u2014 That the Law in Galatians Is the Ceremonial Law.\" Waggoner was invited to place his signature under the opposing proposition: \"Resolved \u2014 That the Law in Galatians Is the Moral Law.\" Waggoner declined, saying that he had not come to the meetings to debate, but to present truth as it is found in Scripture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 81], "content_span": [82, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0021-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Season of debate, General Conference session\nWaggoner began to present what he had discovered from the Bible on the subject of Christ and His righteousness. \"The preaching of the younger men (Waggoner was 33, Jones was 38) was trying to the older leaders. Their vigorous preaching somehow seemed to have a note of authority that was resented.\" Supported in their resistance by letters of encouragement from G.I. Butler to \"stand by the old landmarks\" these older men resisted what was being presented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 81], "content_span": [82, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0022-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Season of debate, General Conference session\nJ. H. Morrison was selected to offer the rebuttal to Waggoner's presentations. He spoke sincerely and earnestly expressing the fear that Waggoner's view, if adopted, would direct attention away from the Adventist position of explicit obedience to all the commandments of God. When it was again Waggoner's turn at the pulpit, he and A.T. Jones offered a unique reply. Standing before the assembly they opened their Bibles and without personal comment alternately read sixteen passages bearing on the subject at hand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 81], "content_span": [82, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0023-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Season of debate, General Conference session\nNotwithstanding Ellen White's considerable influence to assist Waggoner and Jones, the debate over the law in Galatians soon became heated. Even Ellen White could not stay the negative tide that had enveloped the Conference, and she concluded, \"it is evident that a delusion was upon our brethren.\" Although she supported and protected Waggoner and Jones as much as possible, Ellen White realized that their theological positions were being resisted by the church's leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 81], "content_span": [82, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0024-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message\nThe claim was that Waggoner's \"new light\" was nothing more than what Adventists had always presented on justification by faith, which was theoretically true as Adventist taught that salvation comes through faith in Jesus Christ, but the emphasis had tended to be more on works and on sanctification. Placing righteousness by faith squarely on the foundation of Christ and His righteousness, and Christ's work as our High Priest during the antitypical Day of Atonement brought a fresh perspective to the doctrine as it had previously been preached from Adventist pulpits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0025-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message\nEllen White saw the importance of the 1888 message Jones and Waggoner brought and why it was needed for the members can be seen in her comments on the message of righteousness by faith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0026-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message\n\"Many had lost sight of Jesus. They needed to have their eyes directed to His divine person, His merits, and His changeless love for the human family. All power is given into His hands, that He may dispense rich gifts unto men, imparting the priceless gift of His own righteousness to the helpless human agent.\" Testimonies to Ministers, 92.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0027-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message\n\"The uplifted Saviour is to appear in His efficacious work as the Lamb slain, sitting upon the throne, to dispense the priceless covenant blessings, the benefits He died to purchase for every soul who should believe on Him. John could not express that love in words; it was too deep, too broad; he calls upon the human family to behold it. Christ is pleading for the church in the heavenly courts above, pleading for those for whom He paid the redemption price of His own lifeblood. Centuries, ages, can never diminish the efficacy of this atoning sacrifice. The message of the gospel of His grace was to be given to the church in clear and distinct lines, that the world should no longer say that Seventh-day Adventists talk the law, the law, but do not teach or believe Christ.\" Ibid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 845]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0028-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message\n\"If Christ is all and in all to every one of us, why are not His incarnation and His atoning sacrifice dwelt upon more in the churches?\" Selected Messages, vol. 3, 187.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0029-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message\nThe preachers had proclaimed with a \"loud voice\" the claims of the law of God, but barely an \"inaudible whisper\" was heard of the faith of Jesus:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0030-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message\n\"The faith of Jesus has been overlooked and treated in an indifferent, careless manner. It has not occupied the prominent position in which it was revealed to John. Faith in Christ as the sinner's only hope has been largely left out, not only of the discourses given but of the religious experience of very many who claimed to believe the third angel's message.\" Ibid., 168.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0031-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message\nThus, the Seventh-day Adventist message was in danger of becoming a lifeless, Christless message with Legalism as its focus rather than Christ", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0032-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message\n\"A legal religion has been thought quite the correct religion for this time. But it is a mistake. The rebuke of Christ to the Pharisees is applicable to those who have lost from the heart their first love. A cold, legal religion can never lead souls to Christ; for it is a loveless, Christless religion.\" Ibid., vol. l, 388.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0033-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message, Refutation of Arianism\nWaggoner centered his logical proof on the fact that Christ possesses \"all the fullness of the Godhead\" being \"by nature the very substance of God, and having life in Himself, He is properly called Jehovah, the self-existent One.\" This is a truth no Arian would ever admit. However, it is also true that Waggoner would never have utilized the term Arian in a pejorative manner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0033-0001", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message, Refutation of Arianism\nWhile he rejected the idea that Christ was a created being, he still maintained: \"There was a time when Christ proceeded forth and came from God, from the bosom of the Father (John 8:42; 1:18), but that time was so far back in the days of eternity that to finite comprehension it is practically without beginning.\" The nature and relationship of the Godhead, let alone the divinity of Christ, is too complex for human comprehension. Nonetheless, Waggoner's entire discussion on Christ and His righteousness was linked to the divinity of Christ.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0033-0002", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message, Refutation of Arianism\nFor Waggoner, the equality of Christ with God magnifies his condescension and humility in assuming humanity. In fact, Waggoner wrote: \"Let no one, therefore, who honors Christ at all, give Him less honor than he gives the Father, for this would be to dishonor the Father by just so much; but let all, with the angels in heaven worship the Son, having no fear that they are worshiping and serving the creature instead of the Creator.\" The everlasting covenant promise God made to fallen Adam in the Garden of Eden (Gen. 3:15) was that Emmanuel\u2014God with us\u2014would \"save His people from their sin\" (Matt. 1:21). Jesus fulfilled this promise in every aspect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0034-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message, Refutation of Arianism\n\"Think of it; God swore by Himself! That is, He pledged Himself, and His own existence, to our salvation in Jesus Christ. He put Himself in pawn. His life for ours, if we are lost while trusting Him. His honour is at stake.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0035-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message, Refutation of Arianism\nSuch an expanded concept on the length and breadth of the atonement had never been heard before from any pulpit. Ellen White declared it to be \"a most precious message,\" a message that \"was to bring more prominently before the world the uplifted Saviour, the sacrifice for the sins of the whole world. It presented justification through faith in the Surety; it invited the people to receive the righteousness of Christ, which is made manifest in obedience to all the commandments of God.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0036-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message, Foundation for Righteousness by Faith\nFar from promoting antinomian sentiments, Waggoner's message presented Christ in all His glory as the Saviour of all mankind, it brought balance between Justification and Sanctification. When properly understood through a heart appreciation of what it cost the Godhead to redeem fallen man from sin, this truth results in a heart surrender to the will of God, producing faithful obedience to all the commandments of God.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 97], "content_span": [98, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0037-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message, Foundation for Righteousness by Faith\n\"'Do you mean to teach universal salvation?' someone may ask. We mean to teach just what the Word of God teaches \u2014 that the 'grace of God hath appeared, bringing salvation to all men.' Titus 2:11. God has wrought out salvation for every man, and has given it to him;' but the majority spurn it and throw it away. The judgment will reveal the fact that full salvation was given to every man and that the lost have deliberately thrown away their birthright possession.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 97], "content_span": [98, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0038-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message, Foundation for Righteousness by Faith\nThis was the message of Christ and His righteousness presented by E.J. Waggoner and A.T. Jones at the 1888 Minneapolis General Conference. Due to the conflict, Jones and Waggoner's presentations were coolly received or outrightly rejected by many of the leaders of the denomination, notwithstanding Ellen Whites words that it was the \"old light\",  something that she had been preaching for decades. Even so, these two men were invited to preach at subsequent camp meetings, worker's meetings, and ministerial institutes over the next several years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 97], "content_span": [98, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0038-0001", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message, Foundation for Righteousness by Faith\nE.J. Waggoner wrote extensively on the subject of Christ and His righteousness, developing the stenographic notes made by his wife during the 1888 conference into a book with that title. A.T. Jones would be a principal speaker at the next several General Conference sessions, and would write an exposition on the work of Christ as our High Priest relating to the perfection of Christian character, titled Consecrated Way to Christian Perfection (1901).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 97], "content_span": [98, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0039-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message, Foundation for Righteousness by Faith\nEllen White supported Waggoner's and Jones' Christ centered view on justification by faith and their refutation of Arianism, and later wrote that she had been teaching for \"forty-five years\"  this same message as Jones and Waggoner had presented it at that session  Eight years later, in 1896, Ellen White wrote, \"In this scripture [Gal. 3:24], the Holy Spirit through the apostle is speaking especially of the moral law. The law reveals sin to us, and causes us to feel our need of Christ and to flee to Him for pardon and peace.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 97], "content_span": [98, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0040-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message, Foundation for Righteousness by Faith\nAlthough no manuscripts of the exact words from the 1888 conference are known to exist or preserved, save Ellen White's comments, in E.J. Waggoner's book, Christ and His Righteousness, we are given a glimpse into what might have been said. These chapters (series of articles) are the first writings of Waggoner on the subject written in the early part of 1889 just weeks after the 1888 general conference session.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 97], "content_span": [98, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0040-0001", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message, Foundation for Righteousness by Faith\nThe focus in this book, as well as other later books like, The Gospel in Creation, contain the building blocks with a definition of a true righteousness by faith theology and experience. Namely the Holy Spirit's use of Power of the Word of God in the believer. Meaning that because the Word has innate power by virtue of its supernatural origination and through the Holy Spirit's ability to use it, forms Christ within the believer. Therefore, His righteousness internally replaces our internal unrighteousness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 97], "content_span": [98, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0041-0000", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message, Foundation for Righteousness by Faith\nThis concept has been lost sight of through the years in Adventist circles. Since 1986, certain members in good standing of the church, have written their own books defining the tenets of what they believe Jones and Waggoner taught as the 1888 message. One tenet of belief heavily stressed by Robert Wieland and others was \"Universal Justification\". While this subject is worthy of study and discussion, it was not the foundation of Waggoner or Jones teaching.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 97], "content_span": [98, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028264-0041-0001", "contents": "1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Most Precious Message, Foundation for Righteousness by Faith\nBoth men's books taught the concept of The Power of the Word as the central key, which ironically is absent from all books written in the last 50 years that attempt to define what the 1888 message is. Reading primary sources will be the only way to unlock this mystery, with an answer as to why Ellen White regarded E.J. Waggoner and A.T. Jones\"s sermons, at the 1888 general conference, as the beginning of the Latter Rain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 97], "content_span": [98, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028265-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1888 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota during the 1888 college football season. This was the third and final season under head coach Frederick S. Jones. Following the 14-0 Minnesota win over Shattuck, the Ariel reported that \"The game was followed by a bus-ride about the city, and the University and Shattuck yells combined to make the day hideous till supper time.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028265-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTeam of 1888: Rush Line, S.S. Start, J. Paul Goode, M.E. Trench, William H. Hoyt, M. H. Gerry, William C. Leary, Birney E. Trask (captain); Quarterback, Alf F. Pillsbury; Halfbacks, John F. Hayden, George K. Belden; Fullback, Grant B. Rossman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028266-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1888 to elect the governor of Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028267-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Missouri gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1888 and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, Mayor of St. Louis David R. Francis, over the Republican candidate Elbert E. Kimball, Union Labor candidate Ahira Manring, and Prohibition candidate Frank M. Lowe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028268-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Moradabad hailstorm\nThe 1888 Moradabad Hail was a severe hailstorm that occurred on 30 April 1888 in Moradabad, in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It had the highest mortality associated with a hailstorm, and killed 246 people, 1600 cattle and sheep with hailstones as large as \u201cgoose eggs and oranges and cricket balls. The hailstones were reportedly as big as oranges and in some places accumulated to up to 2 feet in height.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028269-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1888 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1888 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20134 record and were outscored by its opponents 73 to 35. In the eighth installment of the Johns Hopkins\u2013Navy football rivalry, Navy lost by a 25 to 12 score. In the final game of the 1888 season, the Midshipmen lost to St. John's College by a 22\u20136 score, with a brawl breaking out at the end of the game. The team captain was George Hayward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028270-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 New Hampshire gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1888. Republican nominee David H. Goodell defeated Democratic nominee Charles H. Amsden with 49.45% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028271-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 New York Athletic Club football team\nThe 1888 New York Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the New York Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1888 college football season. The New York team compiled a 1\u20133\u20131 record (all against AFU opponents).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028272-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 New York Giants season\nThe 1888 New York Giants season was the franchise's 6th season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028272-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 New York Giants season\nClaiming six future Hall of Famers (Roger Connor, Mickey Welch, Buck Ewing, Tim Keefe, Jim O'Rourke, and John Montgomery Ward), the team won the National League pennant by nine games and defeated the St. Louis Browns in the \"World's Championship.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028272-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 New York Giants season\nKeefe led the league in several major statistical categories, including wins, winning percentage, strikeouts, and earned run average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028272-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028272-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028272-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028272-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028272-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 New York Giants season, 1888 World Series\nThe Giants beat the American Association champion St. Louis Browns in the World Series, six games to four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028273-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 New York state election\nThe 1888 New York state election was held on November 6, 1888, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor and a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028273-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 New York state election, History\nThe Prohibition state convention met on June 26 at the Alhambra Rink in Syracuse, New York. Frank E. Baldwin, of Chemung County, was temporary chairman until the choice of W. Martin Jones as president. The convention re-assembled on June 27. W. Martin Jones was nominated after the second ballot (first ballot: W. Jennings Demorest 398, Benson J. Lossing 389, Jones 249, Guy C. Humphreys 26; second ballot: Lossing 466, Jones 417, Demorest 178). George Powell for lieutenant governor; and Charles W. Stevens, of Steuben County, for the Court of Appeals, were nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028273-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on August 28 at the Skating Rink in Saratoga, New York. Benjamin F. Tracy was temporary chairman until the choice of Gen. George S. Batcheller as president. Warner Miller was nominated for governor by acclamation. Stephen V. R. Cruger was nominated for lieutenant governor on the first ballot (vote: Cruger 409, John B. Weber 180, Cornelius R. Parsons 72, Norman M. Allen 32). William Rumsey was nominated for the Court of Appeals by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028273-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on September 12 at Buffalo, New York. George Raines was temporary chairman until the choice of D. Cady Herrick as president. The incumbents, Governor David B. Hill, Lieutenant Governor Edward F. Jones and Judge John Clinton Gray, were re-nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028273-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 New York state election, History\nThe United Labor state convention met on September 20. The convention endorsed, with a vote of 124 to 103, the Republican candidate for governor, Warner Miller, because his party was \"committed to ballot reform.\" Then the convention voted 131 to 67 to nominate a separate ticket, and John H. Blakeney was nominated for Lieutenant Governor and Lawrence J. McParlin for the Court of Appeals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028273-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 New York state election, History\nThe Socialist Labor state convention met on October 21 at the Labor Lyceum in New York City. J. Edward Hall was nominated for governor, Christian Pattberg, of Brooklyn for lieutenant governor, and Dr. Frank Gereau, of New York City for Judge of the Court of Appeals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028274-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 North Canterbury earthquake\nThe 1888 North Canterbury earthquake occurred at 4:10 am on 1 September following a sequence of foreshocks that started the previous evening, and whose epicentre was in the North Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand. The epicentre was approximately 35 kilometres (22\u00a0mi) west of Hanmer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028274-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 North Canterbury earthquake\nIn Christchurch, about 100 kilometres (62\u00a0mi) southeast of the epicentre, shaking lasted for 40 to 50 seconds. The magnitude of the earthquake is estimated to be in the range 7.0\u20137.3. Severe damage to farm buildings in the epicentral region was reported and the top 7.8 metres (26\u00a0ft) of the spire of ChristChurch Cathedral collapsed. It was the first earthquake observed to be associated with mainly horizontal fault displacement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028274-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 North Canterbury earthquake, Tectonic setting\nNew Zealand lies along the boundary between the Australian and Pacific plates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028274-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 North Canterbury earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe earthquake occurred on the Hope Fault, one of the group of dextral strike-slip structures known as the Marlborough Fault System that transfer displacement between the mainly transform and convergent type plate boundaries in a complex zone at the northern end of South Island. Alexander McKay, a geologist working for the geological survey, observed horizontal offsets in farm fences between 1.5 and 2.6 metres (4.9 and 8.5\u00a0ft) along the fault. He was the first to associate a strike-slip displacement with an earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028274-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 North Canterbury earthquake, Damage\nIn the North Canterbury region many buildings were severely damaged, particularly in the Hope Valley and Hanmer areas. Landslides occurred in unconsolidated sediment and fissures up to 30 centimetres (12\u00a0in) wide were observed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028274-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 North Canterbury earthquake, Damage\nIn Christchurch, the top 7.8 metres (26\u00a0ft) of the Cathedral spire fell down and minor damage, such as broken chimneys, affected many houses. The Durham Street Methodist Church, Christchurch's first church build with permanent materials, suffered some damage to its stonework. Another building affected was the Christchurch Normal School, where chimneys fell down and ceilings were cracked.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028274-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 North Canterbury earthquake, Damage\nDamage was greatest in the northern and northwestern suburbs, probably due to the peaty sub-soil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028275-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1888 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina in the 1888 college football season. They played four games with a final record of 1\u20133. This was the first season the University fielded a football team. The team captains for the 1888 season were Bob Bingham and Steve Bragaw. The game against Wake Forest was the first in the state, and the first against Trinity the first \"scientific\" game in the state. Ergo, one or the other is the first intercollegiate game in North Carolina. Princeton star Hector Cowan traveled south and trained the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028276-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 North Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1888. Democratic nominee Daniel Gould Fowle defeated Republican nominee Oliver H. Dockery with 51.97% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028277-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 North-West Territories general election\nThe 1888 North-West Territories general election was the first general election in the history of the North-West Territories, Canada. Elections were held in various districts between 20 June and 30 June 1888. This was the only general election, where the writs were issued to return on various days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028277-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 North-West Territories general election\nPrior to 1888, members of the 1st Council of the North-West Territories were elected in by-elections to supplement members appointed by the Government of Canada. In order to have an elected member, a constituency needed to be set up in an area 1,000 square miles (2,600\u00a0km2) with 1,000 people. Others members were appointed. This created a patchwork of represented and unrepresented areas across the sprawling and sparse territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028277-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 North-West Territories general election\nTwenty-two members were elected in this election. Robert Brett was appointed government leader by Lieutenant Governor Joseph Royal. His official title was Chairman of the Lt. Governor's Advisory Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028277-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 North-West Territories general election\nThree judges were appointed to the legislative assembly to provide legal advice, but they were not able to vote. They represented the territory at large.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028277-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 North-West Territories general election\nVoters in this election cast their votes by telling the returning officer who they want to vote for. This system lasted until 1894 when a secret ballot was first used in a by-election in the Whitewood district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028277-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 North-West Territories general election, Election results\nThree members were acclaimed, but the turnout cannot be established as no voters lists were in use. Candidates were all elected as part of a consensus government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028277-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 North-West Territories general election, Legal Advisors\nThree Members were appointed by Lieutenant Governor Joseph Royal after the election. The purpose was to bring experience in procedure, protocol and amending and introducing legislation. The Legal Advisors held seats at large, were allowed to participate in debates and were paid a salary of $250.00.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 60], "content_span": [61, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028277-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 North-West Territories general election, Legal Advisors\nThe three members of the assembly who were appointed, already served as members of the Assembly previously. There were no Legal Advisors reappointed after dissolution of the 1st North-West Legislative Assembly in 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 60], "content_span": [61, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028277-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 North-West Territories general election, Medicine Hat\nIn the Medicine Hat electoral district, candidate William Finlay had withdrawn before election day. The returning officer declared Thomas Tweed elected by acclamation. Finlay lost his nomination deposit of $200.00", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028278-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Northwest United States cold wave\nIn mid-January 1888, a severe cold wave passed through the northern regions of the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains of the United States, then considered to be the northwestern region of the nation. It led to a blizzard for the northern Plains and upper Mississippi valley where many children were trapped in schoolhouses where they froze to death. This tragedy became known as the Schoolhouse Blizzard, Schoolchildren's Blizzard, or The Children's Blizzard. This cold snap and blizzard were part of a month when temperatures averaged below normal by 6 to 12\u00a0\u00b0F (3.3 to 6.7\u00a0\u00b0C) across much of the northern and western United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028278-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Northwest United States cold wave, Synoptic overview\nThe cold wave was initiated by a storm system which dropped southward from Canada on January 11 into Colorado on January 12 and onward into the Great Lakes on January 13. The subsequent cold wave extended all the way into the citrus growing areas of southern California. The cyclone led to a blizzard across Nebraska, North Dakota, and Minnesota. Since there had recently been a warm spell, many people were caught off guard by the cold and snow. Hundreds of adults and children alike fell victim, while thousands of cattle died during the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028278-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Northwest United States cold wave, Severity of the event\nRecord low temperatures were set, including \u221265\u00a0\u00b0F (\u221253.9\u00a0\u00b0C) at Fort Keogh (near Miles City, Montana) on January 14. At the time, it was the lowest temperature ever recorded in the continental United States. It was not until 1933 that a lower temperature was read in the lower 48 states (\u221266\u00a0\u00b0F or \u221254.4\u00a0\u00b0C in West Yellowstone, Montana).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 61], "content_span": [62, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028278-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Northwest United States cold wave, Severity of the event\nOther notable records set during this cold wave are \u221241\u00a0\u00b0F (\u221240.6\u00a0\u00b0C) in St. Paul, Minnesota, \u221230\u00a0\u00b0F (\u221234.4\u00a0\u00b0C) in Spokane, Washington, \u221228\u00a0\u00b0F (\u221233.3\u00a0\u00b0C) in Boise, Idaho, \u22122\u00a0\u00b0F (\u221218.9\u00a0\u00b0C) in downtown Portland, Oregon, 1\u00a0\u00b0F (\u221217.2\u00a0\u00b0C) in Newport, Oregon, and 20\u00a0\u00b0F (\u22126.7\u00a0\u00b0C) in Eureka, California. All of these readings still stand as the record low for each location. Further, high temperatures of \u221210\u00a0\u00b0F (\u221223.3\u00a0\u00b0C) in Spokane and 9\u00a0\u00b0F (\u221212.8\u00a0\u00b0C) in Portland still stand as the coldest maximum temperatures ever recorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 61], "content_span": [62, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028278-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Northwest United States cold wave, Severity of the event\nIn Denver, while not record setting, temperatures fell to \u221218\u00a0\u00b0F (\u221227.8\u00a0\u00b0C) while winds peaked at 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h). In California on January 14, temperatures fell to 20\u00a0\u00b0F (\u22126.7\u00a0\u00b0C) in Eureka and 29\u00a0\u00b0F (\u22121.7\u00a0\u00b0C) in San Francisco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 61], "content_span": [62, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028279-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Northwestern Purple football team\nThe 1888 Northwestern Purple football team was an American football team that represented Northwestern University during the 1888 college football season. Prior to 1888, Northwestern had played only four football games spread over 12 years and had never put together a winning record. The 1888 Northwestern team compiled a 2\u20131 record. The team opened its season on November 22, 1888, with a 16\u20136 victory over Chicago West Division High School and concluded with two games against Lake Forest College. Lake Forest won the first game, 18\u20134, in Lake Forest, Illinois, on November 24, 1888. Northwestern won the latter game, 12\u20136, at Evanston on December 1, 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028280-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Norwegian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Norway in 1888. Although the Liberal Party received the most votes, the result was a victory for the Conservative Party, which won 51 of the 114 seats in the Storting. The Conservatives formed a government led by  Emil Stang.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028281-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Notre Dame football team\nThe 1888 Notre Dame football team was an American football team that represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1888 college football season. The team had no coach and played only one game during the fall of 1888, a 20\u20130 victory over Harvard Prep School  (a preparatory school in Chicago, also known as Chicago Harvard School) at South Bend, Indiana, on December 6, 1888. The win over Harvard Prep was the first victory in the history of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028281-0000-0001", "contents": "1888 Notre Dame football team\nIt was also the programs first blowout win, first undefeated season, and most points scored against an opposing football team. The 20\u20130 win was twice the number of points scored during the entire 1887 season. Although they only played a single game, Harvard Prep had declared themselves champions of Illinois after going undefeated prior to the contest with Notre Dame, and when Notre Dame defeated them, the South Bend Tribune asserted that University was \"Champions of the Northwest\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028282-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Open Championship\nThe 1888 Open Championship was the 28th Open Championship, held 6 October at the Old Course at St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Jack Burns won the Championship by a stroke from David Anderson Jr. and Ben Sayers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028282-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Open Championship\nWillie Campbell led after 18 holes for the third successive year and was the leader on 84 with Sayers on 85 and a group of four players on 86.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028282-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Open Championship\nIn the afternoon Sayers, in the first group, scored 87 and took an early lead on 172. Campbell made a number of mistakes and scored 90 for a total of 174. Sayers was then joined on 172 by David Anderson. Playing a few groups behind, Burns scored an 85 and took the lead on 171, a score none of the later players could match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028282-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Open Championship\nBurns's score for his first round had originally been added up to 87 but a Royal and Ancient Golf Club member noticed that it was added up incorrectly and the total wr&as adjusted to 86, making Burns the champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028282-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Open Championship, Final leaderboard, Playoff\nAnderson and Sayers played an 18-hole play-off two days later. Sayers won and took the second prize of \u00a36, Anderson taking the third prize of \u00a33.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 50], "content_span": [51, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028283-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Orange Athletic Club football team\nThe 1888 Orange Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Orange Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1888 college football season. The Orange team played its home games in East Orange, New Jersey, and compiled a 3\u20133\u20131 record (3\u20132\u20131 against AFU opponents).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028284-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Paddington colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Paddington on 12 January 1888 because William Trickett (Free Trade) was appointed to the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028284-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Paddington colonial by-election, Aftermath\nWith a margin of just 14 votes, Charles Hellmrich challenged the result in the Elections and Qualifications Committee. The Committee consisted of 2 Free Trade members (Jacob Garrard and Albert Gould) and 3 Protectionist members (Joseph Palmer Abbott, Robert Smith and John See). The committee scrutinised the ballot papers and held that Allen was properly elected, finding that the true result was Allen 1,689, Hellmrich 1,653, Knapp 608 and Cansdell 191, formal 4,141, informal 114, total 4,255.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028285-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1888 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania during the 1888 college football season. In its first season under head coach Woody Wagenhorst, the team compiled a 9\u20137 record and outscored opponents by a total of  to . Halfback Tom Hulme was the team captain. The team played its home games at the University Athletic Grounds located at 37th and Spruce Streets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028286-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Penn State football team\nThe 1888 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College\u2014now known as Pennsylvania State University\u2013as an independent during the 1888 college football season. The team played its home games on the Old Main lawn in University Park, Pennsylvania. The 1888 team is the only winless team in Penn State history. Harry Leyden (1887\u20131889) played quarterback in 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028286-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Penn State football team, Schedule\n\u2021There is a score discrepancy. Lehigh lists the final score as 32\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028287-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1888 Philadelphia Athletics finished with an 81\u201352 record and finished in third place in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028287-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028287-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028287-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028287-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028288-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028288-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028288-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028288-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028289-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season\nThe 1888 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season was the 7th season of the Pittsburgh Alleghenys franchise and their 2nd in the National League. The Alleghenys finished sixth in the league standings with a record of 66\u201368.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028289-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028289-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028289-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028289-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028290-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1888 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1888 college football season. The team compiled an 11\u20131 record. The team held its first ten opponents scoreless, winning those games by a combined 589 to 0 score. The team's sole loss was by a 10-0 score in the final game of the season against an undefeated Yale team that has been recognized as the 1888 national champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028290-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe practice of selecting All-American football teams began the following year with the 1890 College Football All-America Team. However, Princeton's roster in 1888 included a number of star players, including fullback Knowlton \"Snake\" Ames, end Jesse Riggs, right tackle Hector Cowan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028291-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Queensland colonial election\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Kerry Raymond (talk | contribs) at 05:17, 20 June 2020 (\u2192\u200etop: oz tags, replaced: \u2192 {{Use Australian English|date=June 2020}}). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028291-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Queensland colonial election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Queensland between 28 April 1888 and 26 May 1888 to elect the members of the state's Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028291-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Queensland colonial election, Key dates\nDue to problems of distance and communications, it was not possible to hold the elections on a single day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028292-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Redfern colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Redfern on 8 September 1888 because of the death of James Farnell (Free Trade).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028293-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Republican National Convention\nThe 1888 Republican National Convention was a presidential nominating convention held at the Auditorium Building in Chicago, Illinois, on June 19\u201325, 1888. It resulted in the nomination of former Senator Benjamin Harrison of Indiana for president and Levi P. Morton of New York, a former Representative and Minister to France, for vice president. During the convention, Frederick Douglass was invited to speak and became the first African-American to have his name put forward for a presidential nomination in a major party's roll call vote; he received one vote from Kentucky on the fourth ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028293-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Republican National Convention\nThe ticket won in the election of 1888, defeating President Grover Cleveland and former Senator Allen G. Thurman from Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028293-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Republican National Convention, Issues addressed\nIssues addressed in the convention included support for protective tariffs, repeal of taxes on tobacco, support for the use of gold and silver as currency and support for pensions for veterans. The party also expressed its opposition to polygamy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028293-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Republican National Convention, Presidential nomination\nThe early favorite for the nomination was James G. Blaine. After he disclaimed interest, several candidates vied for the prize, with the frontrunners being Russell A. Alger, Walter Q. Gresham, Chauncey Depew, and John Sherman. After several ballots, none of the leading candidates was able to obtain a majority. Benjamin Harrison, who had served in the U.S. Senate from 1881 to 1887, but had lost reelection after the Democrats gained control of the Indiana legislature, was a dark horse candidate. Republicans were dispirited after losing the presidency in 1884 and were attracted to Harrison because of the speech announcing his presidential candidacy, in which he described himself as a \"living and rejuvenated Republican.\" Harrison won the nomination on the eighth ballot and \"Rejuvenated Republicanism\" became the party's campaign slogan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 904]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028293-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Republican National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination\nFormer Representative and Minister to France Levi P. Morton from New York was asked to accept the nomination. He had been asked in 1880, but had declined. This time Morton decided to accept. He was easily elected on the first ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028293-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Republican National Convention, Accusation of delegate vote-buying\nNearly a decade later, Ohio candidate John Sherman accused Michigan candidate, millionaire Russell A. Alger, of buying the votes of Southern delegates who had already confirmed their vote for Sherman. In Sherman's 1895 two-volume book \"Recollections\" he asserted, \"I believe, and had, as I thought, conclusive proof, that the friends of Gen. Alger substantially purchased the votes of many of the delegates from the Southern States who had been instructed by their conventions to vote for me.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 71], "content_span": [72, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028293-0005-0001", "contents": "1888 Republican National Convention, Accusation of delegate vote-buying\nOnce accused, Alger submitted correspondence to the New York Times, who published one letter from 1888, written after the convention to Alger, where Sherman states, \"if you bought some [votes], according to universal usage, surely I don't blame you.\" Later in the same New York Times article, Alger insisted neither he or friends bought a single vote. The article also quotes another delegate, James Lewis, who claimed that \"the colored delegates of the South will unite on a Union soldier in preference\" instead of a civilian.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 71], "content_span": [72, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028293-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 Republican National Convention, Accusation of delegate vote-buying\nWhen Sherman introduced his antitrust legislation two years later, his main example of unlawful combination drew from a Michigan Supreme Court case involving Diamond Match Company and Alger's participation as president and stock holder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 71], "content_span": [72, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028294-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 4, 1888. Republican nominee Royal C. Taft defeated Democratic incumbent John W. Davis with 52.33% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028295-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Richmond Colts football team\nThe 1888 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College\u2014now known as the University of Richmond\u2014as an independent during the 1888 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami\nOn the morning of March 13, 1888, an explosion took place on Ritter Island, a small volcanic island in the Bismarck and Solomon Seas, between New Britain and Umboi Island. This event is the largest volcanic island sector collapse in recent history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami\nThe explosion resulted in the almost complete loss of the island and generated a tsunami with runups of up to 20 meters (66\u00a0ft) that caused damage more than 600 kilometers (370\u00a0mi) away and killed anywhere between 500 and 3,000 on neighbouring islands, including scientists and explorers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Background\nRitter Island in the Bismarck Archipelago is an active stratovolcano located off the northeast coast of Papua New Guinea. It is one of the many active volcanoes in Papua New Guinea as a result of subduction of the Solomon Sea Plate beneath the Bismarck Plate along the New Britain Trench. This process has also resulted in earthquakes both on the subduction zone and within the two tectonic plates. A magnitude 8.1 earthquake in Morobe Province, for example, occurred as a result of the ongoing subduction of the two plates. That event triggered a tsunami and caused some damage to the region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Background, Pre-1888 Ritter Island\nBefore the eruption of 1888, the island was described as a steep-sided and almost circular volcanic cone. An eruption in 1700 was described as impressive and was a notable feature to sailors passing through the Dampier Strait. It had an estimated height of 780 meters (2,560\u00a0ft). Based on sketches done in the 1830s, the sides of the volcano had an average angle of 45\u00b0, with the western flank thought to be steeper as it had perhaps experienced very small landslides. In other illustrations, the slopes were measured at up to 50\u00b0, and are likely exaggerations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 62], "content_span": [63, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0003-0001", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Background, Pre-1888 Ritter Island\nEarlier signs of activity were recorded in 1699 and 1793, displaying Strombolian-style eruptions while the 1835 and 1848 events were associated with smoking and steaming. The eruptions in 1887 and 1878 are somewhat debated, some sources claiming they had indeed occurred on the island while others suggest otherwise. An account written anonymously stated that ashfall and tremors possibly from Ritter Island were recorded at Finschhafen in February 1887, almost a year before its destruction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 62], "content_span": [63, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Background, Pre-1888 Ritter Island\nSoon after the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, scientists concluded that Ritter Island would have the same eruptive characteristics as Krakatoa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 62], "content_span": [63, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Eruption and collapse\nThe eruption of Ritter Island resulted in a massive lateral collapse of the volcano, the largest ever recorded in historical times. There were no detected precursor events that led up to this event. About 5 cubic kilometers (1.2\u00a0cu\u00a0mi) of material making up the summit of the island, was deposited northwest. Its volume was almost two times greater than that of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. The only remnants of the volcano above sea level are a crescent-shaped island and a small islet near its southern tip. As the summit had entirely collapsed, the height of the island was greatly reduced to just 140 meters (460\u00a0ft), from 780 meters (2,560\u00a0ft).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Eruption and collapse\nSince there were no direct observations and accounts of the collapse, volcanologists could only make presumptions of the collapse sequence. During the eruption, at 6:00 am, a portion of the flank that failed slid for one to two kilometers (0.62 to 1.24\u00a0mi). The slide may have come down in one whole piece, or in a few massive blocks. Upon sliding, the block or blocks further broke apart and formed a debris avalanche. The larger blocks of deposit halted while the rest of the avalanche consisting of smaller debris continued on its path, between the islands of Sakar and Umboi. Its final resting place lies at the edge of the Bismarck Sea, some 70 kilometers (43\u00a0mi) from the remnant of the island, burying a 100-square-kilometer (39\u00a0sq\u00a0mi) area under volcanic deposits with an average thickness of 46 meters (151\u00a0ft).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 870]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Eruption and collapse\nBased on reports of the tsunami manifesting in one series, the landslide was likely a single, uninterrupted phase, beginning with a lateral spreading event which then accelerated to a violent collapse. The Ritter collapse did not involve a magmatic eruption, as suggested by researchers, rather, they were phreatomagmatic or phreatic eruptions. Its collapse characteristic is similar to that of Mount Bandai that same year. In both events, the landslide tore off the magma conduit thus would have allowed seawater to interact and cause the explosion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Eruption and collapse\nAccording to locals, the event was devoid of huge explosive activity during the collapse, but the sound of small explosions were heard, along with earthquakes. These eyewitnesses described hearing the explosions and comparing them to shots. The eruption itself was very short, apparently lasting a mere 30 minutes in a single episode. Ashfall from the volcano was also insignificant. These have been associated with phreatic explosions as magma interacted with seawater, therefore it is unlikely that explosions caused the tsunami.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0009-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Eruption and collapse, Post-collapse\nAfter the collapse, only a crescent-shaped island, 140 meters (460\u00a0ft) high was left. A steep, amphitheater-like scar forms the headwall and landslide scarp above the water. The scar faces a west-northwest direction and extends some 900 meters (3,000\u00a0ft) to the western base of the volcanic cone. The volcano is still active, and minor eruptions took place for the first time since the collapse in 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0010-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Tsunami\nAt 6:30 am local time, a witness at Finschhafen heard the sound of thunder that was later followed-up by the receding of the sea. The water level at the town was so low, it posed dangers to ships at the harbor. In two minutes, a reef near Madang was exposed some 1.5 to 1.8 meters (5 to 6\u00a0ft) due to the retreating sea. The tsunami caused some moderate damage to coastal houses, while some canoes were taken out to sea and lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0011-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Tsunami\nOn the shores of New Britain, the tsunami killed 13 people in an expedition from Finschhafen. The group consisted of two Germans, four Malays, and 12 Melanesians from the Duke of York Islands which had arrived on March 6 in search of a place to create a coffee plantation. They were situated along the coast, near a cliff when the waves struck. It washed away tents and parts of the forest on the island. Detritus up to 1.2 meters (3.9\u00a0ft) thick dumped by the tsunami, consisting of sand, debris, and dead fish, buried the coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0011-0001", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Tsunami\nThe waves had also eroded away parts of the coastline, shaving parts of the forest and exposing the soil. On the evening of the March 15, a German captain visited the site and found it totally devastated. A search party was sent out to rescue the two Germans missing, but found only five Melanesians. They had survived by clutching onto the branches of trees before the tsunami struck. The remaining five survivors that were later rescued measured a maximum wave height of 12 to 15 meters (39 to 49\u00a0ft) based on tidemarks left on trees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0012-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Tsunami\nIn Hatzfeldhaven, the waves were seven to eight meters (23 to 26\u00a0ft) high when they arrived. It destroyed a yam store and a boat shelter and brought along with it some lumber that was to be used for a bridge. Meanwhile, in Kelana, another village, poorly constructed houses were swept away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0013-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Tsunami\nOn Umboi Island, many inhabitants along the coasts drowned when the tsunami advanced towards them. Along the northern coast of the island, the tsunami completely wiped out villages. Every village situated along the Dampier Strait was destroyed by the tsunami, but the exact number of casualties is not known, possibly in the hundreds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0014-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Tsunami\nIn Arica, Chile, four large waves were seen approaching the shore. Ships docked at the port were said to have been smashed by the waves while others capsized.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028296-0015-0000", "contents": "1888 Ritter Island tsunami, Tsunami\nTide gauges in Sydney recorded unusual readings not associated with tidal floods on March 15 to 17 that were attributed to the tsunami.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028297-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1888 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1888 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 1\u20137\u20131 record and were outscored their opponents, 341 to 36. The team had no coach, and its captain was Arthur J. Collier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028298-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 R\u00edo de la Plata earthquake\nThe 1888 R\u00edo de la Plata earthquake occurred on 5 June measuring 5.5 on the Richter magnitude scale, and shook the upper R\u00edo de la Plata at 3:20 UTC-3. The epicentre was located 15 kilometres (9\u00a0mi) southwest of Colonia del Sacramento (Uruguay) and 42 kilometres (26\u00a0mi) east of Buenos Aires (Argentina), with a hypocentre at a depth of 30 kilometres (19\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028298-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 R\u00edo de la Plata earthquake, Newspaper articles\nOn 5 June 1888, the Montevideo journal La Tribuna Popular reported the earthquake and its effects: The houses' woodwork creaked loudly, lamps swung, furniture moved and paintings fell off walls. Glassware objects broke and porcelain could be seen jolting out of cupboards. Astonished at the strong earthquake, inhabitants have had a sleepless night...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028298-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 R\u00edo de la Plata earthquake, Newspaper articles\nAlso, a Colonia del Sacramento local journal La Lucha  reported on a particular event: The steamer 'Saturno' en route from the neighbouring country's capital (Buenos Aires) was calmly sailing in 20 feet (6\u00a0m) of water along the centre of the channel when she came to a sudden halt, as though she had run aground. The captain had soundings taken but the vessel, as if moved by some hidden force, was freed from the ground and continued on her way.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028298-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 R\u00edo de la Plata earthquake, Consequences\nEvery settlement along the R\u00edo de la Plata's shore was affected, especially the cities of Buenos Aires and Montevideo. Only slight damage occurred since there were no high buildings or underground trains in those cities at the time. However, at no time since this earthquake have antiseismic building measures been taken in either of the two nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028298-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 R\u00edo de la Plata earthquake, Background, precedents and provisions\nThe panic caused by this earthquake among the inhabitants of both banks of R\u00edo de la Plata was marked, because they were unfamiliar with seismic events, as are today's inhabitants. However, a previous event had been recorded: the 15 August 1848 earthquake which, just as that of 1888, caused no major damage and may have been seen as an isolated phenomenon or since its epicentre was faraway from the continent and thus distant from settlements, it may have been considered that future quakes would probably occur in those latitudes and cause no damage on the continent. It is worth mentioning, though, that there are no aseismic regions in the world. Such an event could therefore happen again in the River Plate as evidenced by 26 June 1988 and 10 January 1990 earthquakes, the latter being the only one registered on Uruguayan mainland territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 70], "content_span": [71, 920]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028298-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 R\u00edo de la Plata earthquake, Background, precedents and provisions\nThese earthquakes are believed to have originated in a particular region, the Punta del Este basin, which is highly faulted and where tectonic plates might experience certain movement thus causing the  earthquake waves, according to Alberto Benav\u00eddez Sosa MGEOPHYS, agronomical engineer and former president of CERESIS (Seismology Regional Centre for South America)Earthquakes in the easternmost edge of the Pacific tectonic plates can occasionally be felt in the Argentine Atlantic coast, including Buenos Aires and only rarely on the Uruguayan coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 70], "content_span": [71, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028299-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 SAFA season\nThe 1888 South Australian Football Association season was the 12th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia. The Norwood Football Club won their 8th premiership by winning 1 premiership point, or a half a win, more than Port Adelaide. Hotham Club was renamed North Adelaide for the 1888 Season but disbanded at the end of the Season. It has no connection with the North Adelaide Football Club currently in the SANFL. Medinidie joined in 1888 later to be renamed North Adelaide for the 1893 Season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028300-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1888 Scottish Cup final played at the second Hampden Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 4 February 1888 was won by Renton, who beat Cambuslang 6\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028300-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Scottish Cup Final\nRenton were favourites going into the match, the Dunbartonshire club having already lifted the trophy in 1885 and finished runners-up to Queen's Park in 1886; in contrast, it was Cambuslang's first and only major final, though the Lanarkshire side had won the first edition of the Glasgow Cup a week earlier, beating Rangers. Reports from the day indicate that despite the outcome the final was very evenly fought for the most part, with Cambuslang having several chances and Renton goalkeeper John Lindsay performing strongly before his team eventually took control of the play. The margin of victory stood as a Scottish Cup Final record outright until being matched in 1972, but has never been surpassed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028300-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Scottish Cup Final\nThree months later the same teams contested the final of the Glasgow Merchants Charity Cup at the same venue, Renton again winning by a 4\u20130 scoreline for what was their third of four successive victories in that competition. A week after that, they became unofficial \"World Champions\" after challenging and defeating FA Cup holders West Bromwich Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028301-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1888 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. John Peter Richardson III was renominated by the Democrats and was reelected for a second two-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028301-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Convention\nIn 1886, an amendment was added to the constitution of the South Carolina Democratic Party that mandated candidates for Governor and Lieutenant Governor to have at least one meeting in every congressional district with the voters. Benjamin Tillman, an upstate demagogue, engaged Governor Richardson at the meetings in 1888 and soundly trounced him on the stump.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028301-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Convention\nConfident of his support in the state, Tillman sought to name the next governor of South Carolina and told his henchmen to nominate Joseph H. Earle at the Democratic convention. Earle refused the nomination, but Tillman's men nominated him nevertheless stating that \"This is a case of the office seeking the man, and not the man seeking the office.\" A friend of Earle's from Sumter County rose to withdraw his name and Earle's brother declared that Earle would not serve if elected. However, many delegates still voted for Earle and Tillman's growing strength in the Democratic party became evident when his candidate for governor obtained almost 40% of the vote, despite publicly disavowing any candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028301-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held on November 6, 1888 and John Peter Richardson III was reelected as governor of South Carolina without opposition. There were very few contested races  and turnout increased for this election over the previous election solely because of a presidential election on the ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028302-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 South Longford by-election\nThe South Longford by-election, 1888 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of South Longford on 30 June 1888. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, Laurence Connolly of the Irish Parliamentary Party. Only one candidate was nominated, James Gubbins Fitzgerald of the Irish Parliamentary Party, who was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028303-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 South Sligo by-election\nThe South Sligo by-election, 1888 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of South Sligo on 6 July 1888. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, Edward Joseph Kennedy of the Irish Parliamentary Party. Only one candidate was nominated, Edmund Leamy of the Irish Parliamentary Party, formerly MP for Waterford City and Cork North East, who was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season\nThe 1888 Southern Rugby Football Union season was the 15th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. This was the sixth competition for the Gardiner Challenge Cup which was awarded to the winners of the premiership. The football season was from June till August 1888. The season culminated in the premiership, which was won by Sydney University who were crowned premiers who finished undefeated for the second year in a row. It was during 1888 that the first British Rugby team toured Australia and New Zealand playing two games against a NSW team. The intercolonial matches saw Queensland travel to Sydney to play two games against the home team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams\nFor the second year in a row the Gardiner Challenge Cup was open for all rugby clubs to enter upon payment of an entry fee. When entries closed on 5 May, eight clubs had entered the competition. Each club entered had competed for the cup during the previous season. Three of last season's clubs were missing from the list of entries. Parramatta had disbanded during 1887 and withdrew from the premiership. Glebe decided not to enter the senior competition and concentrated their efforts on the lower ranked cups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0001-0001", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams\nDisappointingly, the Gordon Football Club did not enter into the competition and was disbanded. After winning the Cup during their first season of competition in 1886, Gordon suffered an unexplained drop in form in 1887. In April 1888 a meeting was held by the club with all intentions of entering the Cup. However, by the end of the month, it was reported that the club had disbanded and that its demise was \"confidently anticipated by all the knowing people.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nThe draw created by the union saw the premiership start later than was seen in previous seasons. With the international games against the British touring side scheduled for early June, the first round of cup games was not held until 16 June. A break was also taken for the intercolonial games against Queensland in mid-July and for the extra game against the British in early August. As a result of these interruptions, the Gardiner Challenge Cup saw only 7 rounds of games with no finals series held. The final game for the cup was held on 25 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season summary\nEventual premiers, Sydney University repeated their performance from the previous season. Seventeen wins, one draw, 200 points scored and only 12 points against over two seasons demonstrated their superiority. Their open and fast play closely resembled that of the British team, with long passing, good defence and follow-up. During dribbling rushes, University would see at least three players involved whereas opponents would be content to only watch their team's progress. For the representative matches, University had the fortune of having seven chosen. After a fourth match between NSW and the British fell through, University was quickly drafted in to play against the internationals. University demonstrated excellent skill against the visitors, leading 4 points to 2 at half time. The British team went on to win the match 8 points to 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 895]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season summary\nThe Arfoma Football Club demonstrated that untiring energy and consistent backing up could win a team matches. Despite having a light pack, Arfoma ran riot over many heavier teams. Their regular and effective passing was a feature of their game play. As a result, the team finished second to the undefeated University. Arfoma saw four members of the team chosen to represent their colony in the international matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season summary\nRosedale became one of the three leading clubs in rugby football in 1888. Much of the success of the team during the season was due to the speed of its players and their endurance. Their knowledge of the game assisted them in defeating more established older clubs. Rosedale suffered defeat only once during the season at the hands of eventual premiers University. Against Arfoma, the club drew without scoring. Rosedale saw two of their players selected to represent NSW against the British touring team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season summary\nWallaroo boasted strong individual players but underperformed as a team. Individual performances rather than team play hindered the team from gaining success on the football field. Passing was only seen as a means to receive the ball, rather than give to another. However, the Wallaroo club had the fortune of enrolling the highest number of members. This saw the senior team fielding different players each week which was seen as a hindrance to further success.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season summary\nDespite being a successful part of the premiership and a winner of the Gardiner Cup, the Burwood Football Club found itself disbanding during the season. With the Chapman brothers retiring from football at the end of the previous season, the club struggled to display the same form as previously. A small number of loyal players continued with the club in an attempt to keep Burwood competitive. However, the team suffered a couple of large losses and ceased to exist after their third game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower grades\nPrior to the season beginning, at a meeting of the Southern Rugby Football Union, the matters of the various cups were considered. It was presented that the conditions attached to the cups precluded its acceptance. Therefore, there were questions whether the Union would accept the cups being offered by the various sponsors. It was decided that if the Junior Cup was not accepted, then no Union Cup would be held either. With Junior clubs now holding a representation within the Union, the Junior clubs decided that they would not accept a cup. The clubs were of the belief that they only needed club matches. Unfortunately, the crowd numbers and interest in the Junior matches were low, with some questioning the wisdom in refusing the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0009-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The British Rugby Tour\nThe 1888 season began with an influential series of games against a touring British Rugby team. A 21-man squad was organised by cricketers James Lillywhite, Alfred Shaw and Arthur Shrewsbury to play a number of games in New Zealand and Australia, including a set of games played in Melbourne to the Australian rules. This tour was not sanctioned by the Rugby Football Union in England but was allowed to proceed. The British team wore jerseys of blue, red and white hoops with white shorts and dark socks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 78], "content_span": [79, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0010-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The British Rugby Tour\nDue to the tour not being supported by the RFU, many players declined to be involved. The final team that departed Tilbury on the Thames contained a majority of English players with one Welshman, two Scots and an Irishman. The team was captained by Robert Seddon. Despite the RFU being staunch amateur with no interest in associating with professional football, players were paid to some extent with some players receiving over \u00a3200. English forward Jack Clowes of northern club Halifax, was reported to the RFU by a rival team chairman for receiving \u00a315 for clothing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 78], "content_span": [79, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0010-0001", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The British Rugby Tour\nThe RFU deemed him a professional and was banned from the sport. As he had already left on the tour, Clowes did not play any games while on tour in fear of other players receiving bans. On returning to England in November, the players were allowed to continue playing for their respective clubs after signing a declaration claiming they had not been paid. Clowes was also reinstated to avoid the impression that the \"gentleman amateurs\" were treated differently than the working class players. It is interesting to note that two thirds of the touring team were members of Northern England clubs that later defected from the RFU to form the professional union that later became known as Rugby League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 78], "content_span": [79, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0011-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The British Rugby Tour\nThe chief games in Sydney were played against a NSW team at the Association Cricket Ground. The NSW team wore dark maroon jerseys with a blue shield on the chest, white shorts, maroon socks and a maroon cap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 78], "content_span": [79, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0011-0001", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The British Rugby Tour\nPlayers selected to represent the colony across the three games included Fred Hillyar (Arfoma), James O'Donnell (Arfoma), Arthur Hale (Arfoma), Tom Perry (Arfoma), Ewen Cameron (Balmain), Ronald Cameron (Balmain), Henry Braddon (Burwood), James Moulton, John Gee (Newtown), George Braund (Rosedale), James McMahon (Rosedale), Harold Baylis (University), Percy Colquhoun (University), Charles Tange (University), Herbert Lee (University), Jack Shaw (University), Leo Neill (University), William Bellbridge (University), Colin Caird (Wallaroo), Greg Wade (Wallaroo), Les Wade (Wallaroo) and J Rice (Wallaroo). Tange was chosen as captain of the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 78], "content_span": [79, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0012-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The British Rugby Tour\nThe first game on 2 June saw a crowd of 13,000 at the Association Cricket Ground. The British team had the measure of NSW with the final score being 18 points to 2. The follow up match a week later saw a marked improvement from the NSW team with the scores at half time 6 points to 2 in favour of the home team. The visitors went on to win the game 18 points to 6 in front of a crowd that numbered over 5000. A final match was played 4 August in front of a healthy crowd of 5000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 78], "content_span": [79, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0013-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The British Rugby Tour\nTragedy struck the visiting British team while on the tour. After playing a match in the Maitland region in mid-August, captain Seddon went for a scull on the Hunter River. Reports from the newspapers of the period indicate that the boat was overturned with Seddon swimming a few strokes before presumably suffering cramps and drowning. The tourists had little time to mourn as they were soon playing against a Brisbane team with cricketer Andrew Stoddart as captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 78], "content_span": [79, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0014-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The British Rugby Tour\nThe open and fast game that the British team displayed was in advance of the NSW type of play. It was reported in newspapers of the period that NSW were playing a two-year-old style of play compared to that of the British team. Such a demonstration was hoped to encourage improved play in the local clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 78], "content_span": [79, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028304-0015-0000", "contents": "1888 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial matches\nIn 1888 the intercolonial matches were held over two consecutive weeks in July. During these two weekends no matches were held for the Gardiner Challenge Cup. After playing the British team, NSW had developed their play to resemble something closer to that displayed by the British. Queensland put a lighter pack into the field than their opponents with their players displaying excellent support of the ball-carrier. In the first match, they scored 5 tries to NSW's 3. However they lost they game due to Baylis displaying outstanding accuracy with his kicking giving NSW the win 15 points to 13. The second match saw Queensland fail to display the same form as in the first, losing the match 9 points to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028305-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1888 St. Louis Browns season was the team's seventh season in St. Louis, Missouri, and its seventh season in the American Association. The Browns went 92\u201343 during the season and finished first in the American Association, claiming their fourth pennant in a row. In the World Series, the Browns faced the National League champion New York Giants, losing the series 6 games to 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028305-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028305-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028305-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028305-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028306-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Staten Island Cricket Club football team\nThe 1888 Staten Island Cricket Club football team was an American football team that represented the Staten Island Cricket Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1888 college football season. The Staten Island team played its home games in Staten Island, New York, and compiled a 3\u20133\u20131 record (3\u20132\u20131 against AFU opponents).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028306-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Staten Island Cricket Club football team\nThe team was captained by Harry Beecher, a star quarterback and captain of the Yale Bulldogs in 1887, and a major proponent of their championship in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028307-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Sundsvall fire\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Sun Creator (talk | contribs) at 14:00, 17 November 2019 (\u2192\u200eHistory: General fixes, typo(s) fixed: USD  \u2192 US$). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028307-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Sundsvall fire\nThe 1888 Sundsvall fire (Swedish: Sundsvallsbranden 1888) was a fire in Sundsvall, Sweden on 25 June 1888. The fire occurred during a storm, allowing the fire to spread fast among the wooden houses in town. The same day, a fire also occurred in Ume\u00e5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028307-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Sundsvall fire, History\nThe spark from the steam boat Sel\u00e5nger traveling on Sel\u00e5ngers\u00e5n landed in the brewhouse of the widow M\u00e4rta Charlotta Styf on Stora Nygatan. The fire was quick - and devastating. At 12:25 all of the city's bells rang to warn people that a fire had broken out. But the fire was overpowering. Strong winds to the northwest and the dry hot air made did that the wooden houses one by one soon was devoured by the flames. 9,000 people became homeless in just 9 hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028307-0002-0001", "contents": "1888 Sundsvall fire, History\nIn addition to thousands of people left homeless the property damage was estimated to SEK 30 million, corresponding to almost SEK 2 billion (US$241.42 million) in 2015. In the wake of the fire the city was looted on what was left. When evening came on 25 June the city of Sundsvall was a smoking ruin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028307-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Sundsvall fire, History\nA major investigation into the cause of the fire was started, which included hearing of the captain of Sel\u00e5nger. He stated that he saw smoke rising up through the bridge cabin chimney when  passing the Styfska yard, a claim which, however, contested by all the witnesses. There was no other reasonable explanation than that the fire was started by sparks from one of the steamboats Sel\u00e5nger, or possibly H\u00f6gom. Four people died in the fire: the workers Mikael Olof Norvall and Charlotta Eufrosina Askling, the maritime pilot C.E. Carlsson and a man so severely burned that he could not be identified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028307-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Sundsvall fire, History\nThe coppersmith journeyman Arvid G\u00f6hle from Hudiksvall without regard to himself saved several lives, including the wife of tailor Otz\u00e9n and her newborn child that was born during the morning of that day. Without considering to first save his own belongings he went into the house and carried out the bed with the wife, the newborn baby and a little girl on the farm. With the bed set on a cart, he pulled the whole equipage through the burning city via Norrmalm and on to Heffners, away from the flames. When he returned to his own home everything he had owned was burnt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028308-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Tennessee gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1888. Incumbent Democrat Robert Love Taylor defeated Republican nominee Samuel W. Hawkins with 51.78% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028309-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1888 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the second staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028309-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nClonoulty won the championship after a 1-01 to 0-02 defeat of Boherlahan in the final. It was their first ever championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028310-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Transvaal presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Transvaal in 1888. The result was a victory for Paul Kruger, who defeated Piet Joubert by a wide margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028311-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Trinity Blue and White football team\nThe 1888 Trinity Blue and White football team represented Trinity College (today known as Duke University) in the 1888 college football season. The game against North Carolina was the first \"scientific\" game in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028312-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nList of champions of the 1888 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open). The men's tournament was held from 22 August to 30 August on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. The women's tournament was held from 12 June to 15 June on the outdoor grass courts at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Philadelphia, PA. The men's doubles event was played at the Staten Island Cricket Club in Livingston, Staten Island, New York. It was the 8th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year. :", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028312-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Champions, Men's Doubles\nOliver Campbell /  Valentine Hall defeated  Clarence Hobart /  Edward MacMullen 6\u20134, 6\u20132, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 67], "content_span": [68, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028313-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Doubles\nValentine Hall and Oliver Campbell won their first doubles title at the U.S. championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028314-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nHenry Slocum defeated Howard Taylor 6-4, 6-1, 6-0 in the All Comers' Final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1888 U.S. National Championships. Henry Slocum won the Challenge Round as reigning champion Richard Sears did not defend his title. The event was held at the Newport Casino, R.I.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028315-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nBertha Townsend defeated Marion Wright 6\u20132, 6\u20132 in the All Comers' Final of the 1888 U.S. Women's National Singles tennis championship. Bertha Townsend defeated reigning champion Ellen Hansell 6\u20133, 6\u20135 in the Challenge Round. The event was held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club, PA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028316-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 USC Methodists football team\nThe 1888 USC Methodists football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southern California during the 1888 college football season. The team competed as an independent under coaches Henry H. Goddard and Frank H. Suffel, compiling a 2\u20130 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028317-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections\nElections to the United States House of Representatives held in 1888 were held to choose members of the 51st Congress, and were held at the same time as the election of President Benjamin Harrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028317-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections\nHarrison's Republican Party gained a majority in the House at the expense of the Democratic Party, even though incumbent President Grover Cleveland actually received more votes counted than Harrison. However, as in other elections in the period, widespread vote suppression and fraud was common on behalf of Democrats and against black Republicans in the South. The Republican House majority in uncontested elections unseated a number of initially reported as victorious Democratic candidates in favor of Republican candidates who contested their election loss. The issue of tariffs played a key role in this election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028317-0001-0001", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe Democrats, with the support of farmers and laborers, wanted to lower tariffs in order to promote free trade, while the Republicans, backed by industry and big business, believed that higher tariffs were necessary to protect American manufacturing. Especially in industrializing regions, voters chose the Republican view on tariffs, as they gave the party a slim majority in the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028317-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries\nSeven seats were added, for the six new states of, in order of admission (number of House seats for each new state listed in parentheses): North Dakota (1), South Dakota (2), Montana (1), Washington (1), Idaho (1), and Wyoming (1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 73], "content_span": [74, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028317-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries\nThe previous election had 4 third-party candidates, 2 Labor, 1 Greenback, and 1 Independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 73], "content_span": [74, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028317-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections, Election dates\nAll states elected their members November 6, 1888 except, three states, with 7 seats among them:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028317-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections, Arkansas\nIn the 1st district, initial returns showed William H. Cate (Democratic) winning the election, but the election was contested by Lewis P. Featherstone (Labor), and on May 5, 1890, he was declared the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028317-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections, Arkansas\nIn the 2nd district, Clifton R. Breckinridge (Democratic) was initially declared re-elected. John M. Clayton successfully contested the election, but was assassinated before the contest was complete, so the House declared the seat vacant. Breckinridge was subsequently re-elected November 4, 1890 to finish the term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028317-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections, South Carolina\nIn the 7th district, Elliott was initially declared re-elected, but Miller successfully challenged the election and was seated in his place in September 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028318-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1888 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 6, 1888. Republicans and Democrats each swapped a district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028319-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida\nElections to the United States House of Representatives in Florida were held November 6, 1888 for the 51st Congress. These elections were held concurrently with the 1888 Presidential election and election for governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028319-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background\nFlorida was represented by two Representatives from 1872 through 1900. Since 1884, both Representatives had been Democrats, with the Republicans in permanent minority status, which would not end until 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 76], "content_span": [77, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028319-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Election results\nIncumbent Charles Dougherty of the 2nd district did not run for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 82], "content_span": [83, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028320-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 6, 1888 to select seven Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. All seven incumbents were initially reported as re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained solely Democratic, however Thomas E. Miller successfully contested the result in the 7th congressional district, claiming voter suppression of black Republican votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028320-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Samuel Dibble of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1883, defeated Republican challenger S.W. McKinlay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028320-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman George D. Tillman of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1883, defeated Republican challenger Seymour E. Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028320-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman James S. Cothran of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1887, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028320-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman William H. Perry of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1885, defeated D.R. Duncan in the Democratic primary was unopposed in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028320-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John J. Hemphill of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1883, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028320-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman George W. Dargan of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1883, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028320-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 7th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman William Elliott of the 7th congressional district, in office since 1887, defeated Republican challenger Thomas E. Miller. However, Miller successfully contested the election in the Republican controlled House of Representatives and replaced Elliott in September 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028321-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States elections\nThe 1888 United States elections occurred during the Third Party System, and elected the members of the 51st United States Congress. North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Washington, Idaho, and Wyoming were admitted during the 51st Congress. This election was the first time that one party had won a majority in both chambers of Congress since the 1874 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028321-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States elections\nIn the Presidential election, Democratic President Grover Cleveland was defeated by Republican former Senator Benjamin Harrison of Indiana. At the 1888 Republican National Convention, Harrison was nominated on the eighth ballot, defeating Ohio Senator John Sherman, former Governor Russell A. Alger of Michigan, and several other candidates. As in 1876, the Republican candidate won the presidency despite the Democratic candidate's greater share of the popular vote, albeit, also as in 1876, with widespread allegations of voter suppression and fraud aimed at Republican black voters in the South. This situation would not be repeated until the 1960 election. Despite the popular vote margin, Harrison won a comfortable majority of the electoral college, and took most of the states outside the South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 831]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028321-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States elections\nDespite the close presidential race, Republicans picked up several seats in both houses of Congress. Republicans won major gains in the House, re-taking the majority for the first time since the 1882 elections. In the Senate, the Republicans won major gains, growing their majority in the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028322-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1888, in 26 states, concurrent with the House, Senate elections and presidential election, on November 6, 1888 (except in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Rhode Island and Vermont, which held early elections).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028322-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States gubernatorial elections\nIn New Hampshire, the newly elected Governor's term began in the June following the election for the last time. Following an 1889 amendment to the State Constitution, the Governor's term would begin in the January following the election, beginning in 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election\nThe 1888 United States presidential election was the 26th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 6, 1888. Republican nominee Benjamin Harrison, a former Senator from Indiana, defeated incumbent Democratic President Grover Cleveland of New York. It was the third of five U.S. presidential elections (and second within 12 years) in which the winner did not win a plurality of the national popular vote, and the last until the 2000 US presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election\nCleveland, the first Democratic president since the American Civil War, was unanimously re-nominated at the 1888 Democratic National Convention. Harrison, the grandson of former President William Henry Harrison, emerged as the Republican nominee on the eighth ballot of the 1888 Republican National Convention. He defeated other prominent party leaders such as Senator John Sherman and former Governor Russell Alger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election\nTariff policy was the principal issue in the election, as Cleveland had proposed a dramatic reduction in tariffs, arguing that high tariffs were unfair to consumers. Harrison took the side of industrialists and factory workers who wanted to keep tariffs high. Cleveland's opposition to Civil War pensions and inflated currency also made enemies among veterans and farmers. On the other hand, he held a strong hand in the South and border states, and appealed to former Republican Mugwumps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election\nCleveland won a plurality of the popular vote, but Harrison won the election with a majority in the Electoral College. Harrison swept almost the entire North and Midwest, and narrowly carried the swing states of New York and Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election\nAs of 2021, this is the last time both Virginia and West Virginia voted for the losing candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nThe Republican candidates were former Senator Benjamin Harrison from Indiana; Senator John Sherman from Ohio; Russell A. Alger, the former governor of Michigan; Walter Q. Gresham from Indiana, the former Secretary of the Treasury; Senator William B. Allison from Iowa; and Chauncey Depew from New York, the president of the New York Central Railroad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nBy the time Republicans met in Chicago on June 19\u201325, 1888, frontrunner James G. Blaine had withdrawn from the race because he believed that only a harmonious convention would produce a Republican candidate strong enough to upset incumbent President Cleveland. Blaine realized that the party was unlikely to choose him without a bitter struggle. After he withdrew, Blaine expressed confidence in both Benjamin Harrison and John Sherman. Harrison was nominated on the eighth ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nThe Republicans chose Harrison because of his war record, his popularity with veterans, his ability to express the Republican Party's views, and the fact that he lived in the swing state of Indiana. The Republicans hoped to win Indiana's 15 electoral votes, which had gone to Cleveland in the previous presidential election. Levi P. Morton, a former New York City congressman and ambassador, was nominated for vice-president over William Walter Phelps, his nearest rival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nThe Democratic National Convention held in St. Louis, Missouri, on June 5\u20137, 1888, was harmonious. Incumbent President Cleveland was re-nominated unanimously without a formal ballot. This was the first time an incumbent Democratic president had been re-nominated since Martin Van Buren in 1840.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0009-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nAfter Cleveland was re-nominated, Democrats had to choose a replacement for Thomas A. Hendricks. Hendricks ran unsuccessfully as the Democratic nominee for vice-president in 1876, but won the office when he ran again with Cleveland in 1884. Hendricks served as vice-president for only eight months before he died in office on November 25, 1885. Former Senator Allen G. Thurman from Ohio was nominated for vice-president over Isaac P. Gray, his nearest rival, and John C. Black, who trailed behind. Gray lost the nomination to Thurman primarily because his enemies brought up his actions while a Republican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0010-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nThe Democratic platform largely confined itself to a defense of the Cleveland administration, supporting reduction in the tariff and taxes generally as well as statehood for the western territories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0011-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Prohibition Party nomination, Nominees\nThe 5th Prohibition Party National Convention assembled in Tomlinson Hall in Indianapolis, Indiana. There were 1,029 delegates from all but three states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 93], "content_span": [94, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0012-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Prohibition Party nomination, Nominees\nClinton B. Fisk was nominated for president unanimously. John A. Brooks was nominated for vice-president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 93], "content_span": [94, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0013-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Union Labor Party nomination, Nominees\nThe Union Labor Party National Convention assembled in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Union Labor Party had been formed in 1887 in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 93], "content_span": [94, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0014-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Union Labor Party nomination, Nominees\nThe convention nominated Alson Streeter for president unanimously. Samuel Evans was nominated for vice president but declined the nomination. Charles E. Cunningham was later selected as the vice-presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 93], "content_span": [94, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0015-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Union Labor Party nomination, Nominees\nThe Union Labor Party garnered nearly 150,000 popular votes, but failed to gain widespread national support. The party did, however, win two counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 93], "content_span": [94, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0016-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, United Labor Party nomination\nThe United Labor Party convention nominated Robert H. Cowdrey for president on the first ballot. W.H.T. Wakefield of Kansas was nominated for vice-president over Victor H. Wilder from New York by a margin of 50\u201312.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 84], "content_span": [85, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0017-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Greenback Party\nThe Greenback Party was in decline throughout the entire Cleveland administration. In the election of 1884, the party failed to win any House seats outright, although they did win one seat in conjunction with Plains States Democrats (James B. Weaver) and a handful of other seats by endorsing the Democratic nominee. In the election of 1886, only two dozen Greenback candidates ran for the House, apart from another six who ran on fusion tickets. Again, Weaver was the party's only victor. Much of the Greenback news in early 1888 took place in Michigan, where the party remained active.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 70], "content_span": [71, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0018-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Greenback Party\nIn early 1888, it was not clear if the Greenback Party would hold another national convention. The fourth Greenback Party National Convention assembled in Cincinnati on May 16, 1888. So few delegates attended that no actions were taken. On August 16, 1888, George O. Jones, chairman of the national committee, called a second session of the national convention. The second session of the national convention met in Cincinnati on September 12, 1888. Only seven delegates attended. Chairman Jones issued an address criticizing the two major parties, and the delegates made no nominations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 70], "content_span": [71, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0019-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Greenback Party\nWith the failure of the convention, the Greenback Party ceased to exist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 70], "content_span": [71, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0020-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, American Party nomination\nThe American Party held its third and last National Convention in Grand Army Hall in Washington, DC. This was an Anti-Masonic party that ran under various party labels in the northern states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 80], "content_span": [81, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0021-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, American Party nomination\nWhen the convention assembled, there were 126 delegates; among them were 65 from New York and 15 from California. Delegates from the other states bolted the convention when it appeared that New York and California intended to vote together on all matters and control the convention. By the time the presidential balloting began, there were only 64 delegates present.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 80], "content_span": [81, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0022-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, American Party nomination\nThe convention nominated James L. Curtis from New York for president and James R. Greer from Tennessee for vice-president. Greer declined to run, so Peter D. Wigginton of California was chosen as his replacement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 80], "content_span": [81, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0023-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Equal Rights Party nomination\nThe second Equal Rights Party National Convention assembled in Des Moines, Iowa. At the convention, mail-in ballots were counted. The delegates cast 310 of their 350 ballots for the following ticket: Belva A. Lockwood for president and Alfred H. Love for vice-president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 84], "content_span": [85, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0024-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Equal Rights Party nomination\nLove declined the nomination, and was replaced with Charles S. Welles of NY.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 84], "content_span": [85, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0025-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Industrial Reform Party nomination\nThe Industrial Reform Party National Convention assembled in Grand Army Hall, Washington, DC. There were 49 delegates present.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 89], "content_span": [90, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0026-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Nominations, Industrial Reform Party nomination\nAlbert Redstone won the endorsement of some leaders of the disintegrating Greenback Party. He told the Montgomery Advertiser that he would carry several states, including Alabama, New York, North Carolina, Arkansas, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 89], "content_span": [90, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0027-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, General election campaign, Issues\nCleveland set the main issue of the campaign when he proposed a dramatic reduction in tariffs in his annual message to Congress in December 1887. Cleveland contended that the tariff was unnecessarily high and that unnecessary taxation was unjust taxation. The Republicans responded that the high tariff would protect American industry from foreign competition and guarantee high wages, high profits, and high economic growth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0028-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, General election campaign, Issues\nThe argument between protectionists and free traders over the size of the tariff was an old one, stretching back to the Tariff of 1816. In practice, the tariff was practically meaningless on industrial products, since the United States was the low-cost producer in most areas (except woolens), and could not be undersold by the less efficient Europeans. Nevertheless, the tariff issue motivated both sides to a remarkable extent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0029-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, General election campaign, Issues\nBesides the obvious economic dimensions, the tariff argument also possessed an ethnic dimension. At the time, the policy of free trade was most strongly promoted by the British Empire, and so any political candidate who ran on free trade instantly was under threat of being labelled pro-British and antagonistic to the Irish-American voting bloc. Cleveland neatly neutralized this threat by pursuing punitive action against Canada (which, although autonomous, was still part of the British Empire) in a fishing rights dispute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0030-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, General election campaign, Issues\nHarrison was well-funded by party activists and mounted an energetic campaign by the standards of the day, giving many speeches from his front porch in Indianapolis that were covered by the newspapers. Cleveland adhered to the tradition of presidential candidates not campaigning, and forbade his cabinet from campaigning as well, leaving his 75-year-old vice-presidential candidate Thurman as the spearhead of his campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0031-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, General election campaign, Blocks of Five\nWilliam Wade Dudley (1842\u20131909), an Indianapolis lawyer, was a tireless campaigner and prosecutor of Democratic election frauds. In 1888, Benjamin Harrison made Dudley Treasurer of the Republican National Committee. The campaign was the most intense in decades, with Indiana dead even. Although the National Committee had no business meddling in state politics, Dudley wrote a circular letter to Indiana's county chairmen, telling them to \"divide the floaters into Blocks of Five, and put a trusted man with the necessary funds in charge of these five, and make them responsible that none get away and that all vote our ticket.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 83], "content_span": [84, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0031-0001", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, General election campaign, Blocks of Five\nDudley promised adequate funding. His pre-emptive strike backfired when Democrats obtained the letter and distributed hundreds of thousands of copies nationwide in the last days of the campaign. Given Dudley's unsavory reputation, few people believed his denials. A few thousand \"floaters\" did exist in Indiana\u2014men who would sell their vote for $2. They always divided 50-50 (or perhaps, $5,000-$5,000) and had no visible impact on the vote. The attack on \"blocks of five\" with the suggestion that pious General Harrison was trying to buy the election did enliven the Democratic campaign, and it stimulated the nationwide movement to replace ballots printed and distributed by the parties with secret ballots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 83], "content_span": [84, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0032-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, General election campaign, Murchison letter\nA California Republican named George Osgoodby wrote a letter to Sir Lionel Sackville-West, the British ambassador to the United States, under the assumed name of \"Charles F. Murchison,\" describing himself as a former Englishman who was now a California citizen and asked how he should vote in the upcoming presidential election. Sir Lionel wrote back and in the \"Murchison letter\" indiscreetly suggested that Cleveland was probably the best man from the British point of view.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 85], "content_span": [86, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0033-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, General election campaign, Murchison letter\nThe Republicans published this letter just two weeks before the election, where it had an effect on Irish-American voters exactly comparable to the \"Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion\" blunder of the previous election: Cleveland lost New York and Indiana (and as a result, the presidency). Sackville-West was removed as British ambassador.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 85], "content_span": [86, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0034-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Election results\nThe election focused on the swing states of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Harrison's home state of Indiana. Harrison and Cleveland split these four states, with Harrison winning by means of notoriously fraudulent balloting in New York and Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0035-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Election results\nHad Cleveland won his home state, he would have won the electoral vote by an electoral count of 204-197 (201 electoral votes were needed for victory in 1888). Instead, Cleveland became the third of only five candidates to obtain a plurality or majority of the popular vote but lose their respective presidential elections (Andrew Jackson in 1824, Samuel J. Tilden in 1876, Al Gore in 2000, and Hillary Clinton in 2016).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0036-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Election results\nCleveland bested Harrison in the popular vote by slightly more than ninety thousand votes (0.8%), aided by disenfranchisement of Republican blacks in the South. Harrison won the Electoral College by a 233-168 margin, largely by virtue of his 1.09% win in Cleveland's home state of New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0037-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Election results\nFour states returned results where the winner won by less than 1 percent of the popular vote. Cleveland earned 24 of his electoral votes from states he won by less than one percent: Connecticut, Virginia, and West Virginia. Harrison earned fifteen of his electoral votes from a state he won by less than 1 percent: Indiana. Harrison won New York (36 electoral votes) by a margin of 1.09%. Despite the narrow margins in several states, only two states switched sides in comparison to Cleveland's first presidential election (New York and Indiana).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0038-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Election results\nOf the 2,450 counties/independent cities making returns, Cleveland led in 1,290 (52.65%) while Harrison led in 1,157 (47.22%). Two counties (0.08%) recorded a Streeter plurality while one county (0.04%) in California split evenly between Cleveland and Harrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0039-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Election results\nUpon leaving the White House at the end of her husband's first term, First Lady Frances Cleveland is reported to have told the White House staff to take care of the building since the Clevelands would be returning in four years. She proved correct, becoming the only First Lady to preside at two nonconsecutive administrations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0040-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Election results\nThis was the last election in which the Republicans won Colorado and Nevada until 1904. It was also the last election until 1968 when bellwether Co\u00f6s County, New Hampshire did not support the winning candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0041-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Election results, Geography of results\nResults by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 80], "content_span": [81, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0042-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Election results, Results by state\nSource: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836\u20131892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247\u201357.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 76], "content_span": [77, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0043-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Election results, Close states\nMargin of victory between 1% and 5% (150 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0044-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, Election results, Close states\nMargin of victory between 5% and 10% (93 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028323-0045-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election, In popular culture\nIn 1968 the Michael P. Antoine Company produced the Walt Disney Company musical film The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band which centers around the election of 1888 and the annexing and subdividing of the Dakota Territory into states (which was a major issue of the election).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028324-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Alabama\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Alabama was held on November 6, 1888, as part of the concurrent Presidential election in which all thirty-eight contemporary states participated. Alabama voters chose ten electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice-President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028324-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Alabama\nAlabama was won easily by the Democratic nominee, former President and Governor of New York Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, former Indiana Senator Benjamin Harrison. Increasing intimidation of African Americans who attempted to vote meant that Cleveland increased his margin of 22% in 1884 to 34.51%. Increasingly blatant electoral fraud in the region against the Republican Party \u2013 associated at this state with the memories of Reconstruction \u2013 meant that Cleveland carried every Black Belt county, and lost only five counties in North Alabama that were unfavourable to his Bourbon Democrat policies and image.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028325-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028325-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nArkansas voted for the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland won the state by a margin of 16.76%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028326-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in California\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in California was held on November 6, 1888 as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028326-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in California\nCalifornia narrowly voted for the Republican challenger, former Indiana United States Senate Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic incumbent, Grover Cleveland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028327-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Colorado\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Colorado took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028327-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Colorado\nColorado voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won the state by a margin of 14.38 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028327-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Colorado\nWith 55.22 percent of the popular vote, Colorado proved to be Harrison's fifth strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont, Nevada, Maine and Kansas. This was nonetheless the last election of an era when Colorado had like the Plains States to its east been solidly Republican, with that party continuously controlling the legislature and holding the governorship for five of seven terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028327-0002-0001", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Colorado\nWidespread criticism of the national party for its monetary policy in a state that was the major producer of silver in the United States and was resentful of the Northeast \u2013 where the Republican Party\u2019s power base was located \u2013 would turn the state into a Populist stronghold and then a Democratic-leaning state until after World War I.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028328-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028328-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nConnecticut voted for the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland over the Republican nominee Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland won the state by a very narrow margin of 0.22%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028329-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Delaware\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028329-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Delaware\nDelaware voted for the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland won the state by a margin of 11.64%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028330-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Florida\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 6, 1888. All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Florida voters chose four electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028330-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Florida\nFlorida was won by the Democratic nominees, incumbent President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Allen G. Thurman of Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028330-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Florida\nThis is the last election until 2020  that Florida increased it's margin to an incumbent whom lost re-election nationally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028331-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Georgia\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the wider United States Presidential election. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028331-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote\nFollowing Reconstruction, Georgia would be the first former Confederate state to substantially disenfranchise its newly enfranchised freedmen and many poor whites, doing so in the early 1870s. This largely limited the Republican Party to a few North Georgia counties with substantial Civil War Unionist sentiment \u2013 chiefly Fannin but also to a lesser extent Pickens, Gilmer and Towns \u2013 and in presidential elections to a small number of counties where blacks were not fully disenfranchised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 72], "content_span": [73, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028331-0001-0001", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote\nThe Democratic Party served as the guardian of white supremacy against a Republican Party historically associated with memories of Reconstruction, and the main competition became Democratic primaries, which were restricted to whites on the grounds of the Democratic Party being legally a private club. This restriction was done by local county laws, but combined with the highly efficacious cumulative poll tax introduced in 1877 meant that turnout declined steadily throughout the 1880s, unlike any other former Confederate state except South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 72], "content_span": [73, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028331-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote\nDespite economic problems in the mountain counties due to deflation produced by the gold standard and large-scale government spending reductions by the \u201cRedeemer\u201d Democrats, voter turnout, especially for opposition parties, would maintain its poll tax-driven decline until the Populist movement, which did not affect the 1888 election. Consequently, Cleveland would gain five percent on his 1884 percentage in Georgia as opposition turnout fell by one-seventh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 72], "content_span": [73, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028332-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Illinois\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose 22 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028332-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Illinois\nIllinois voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won the state by a narrow margin of 2.96%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028333-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Indiana\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028333-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Indiana\nIndiana voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won the state by a narrow margin of 0.44%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028334-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Iowa\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028334-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Iowa\nIowa voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won the state by a margin of 7.85%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028335-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Kansas\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose nine representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028335-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Kansas\nKansas voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won the state by a margin of 18.14%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028335-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Kansas\nWith 55.23% of the popular vote, Kansas would prove to be Harrison's fourth strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont, Nevada and Maine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028336-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 6, 1888. All contemporary thirty-eight states were part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Kentucky voters chose thirteen electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028336-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote\nEver since the Civil War, Kentucky had been shaped politically by divisions created by that war between secessionist, Democratic counties and Unionist, Republican ones, although the state as a whole leaned Democratic throughout this era and the GOP would never carry the state during the Third Party System at either presidential or gubernatorial level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 73], "content_span": [74, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028336-0001-0001", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote\nWhat would become a long-lived partisan system after the state was freed from the direct control of former Confederates would not be seriously affected by the first post-war insurgency movement \u2013 that of the Greenback Party at the tail end of the 1870s in the secessionist Jackson Purchase region. Incumbent president Grover Cleveland lost four points on his 1884 performance, but still carried the state comfortably against GOP nominee Benjamin Harrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 73], "content_span": [74, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028336-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last occasion when a Democratic presidential candidate passed thirty percent in rock-ribbed Unionist and Republican Clinton County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 73], "content_span": [74, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028337-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028337-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nLouisiana voted for the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland won the state by a large margin of 46.91%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028338-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Maine\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028338-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Maine\nMaine voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won the state by a margin of 18.14%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028338-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Maine\nWith 57.49% of the popular vote, Maine would prove to be Harrison's third strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont and Nevada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028339-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Maryland\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028339-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Maryland\nMaryland voted for the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland won the state by a narrow margin of 2.94%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028340-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose 14 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028340-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nMassachusetts voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won the state by a margin of 9.38%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028341-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Michigan\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028341-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Michigan\nMichigan voted for Republican nominees Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Levi P. Morton of New York over Democratic incumbent Grover Cleveland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028342-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028342-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nMinnesota voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won the state by a margin of 14.47%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028342-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nWith 5.82% of the popular vote, Minnesota would be the Prohibition Party candidate Clinton Fisk\u2019s strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028343-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028343-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nMississippi voted for the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland won the state by a margin of 47.81%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028344-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Missouri\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose 16 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028344-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Missouri\nMissouri voted for the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland won the state by a margin of 4.93%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028345-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028345-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nNebraska voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won the state by a margin of 13.76%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028346-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Nevada\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028346-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Nevada\nNevada voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won the state by a margin of 15.79%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028346-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Nevada\nWith 57.73% of the popular vote, Nevada would prove to be Harrison's second strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028347-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028347-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nNew Hampshire voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won the state by a narrow margin of 2.50%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028347-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nThis would be the last election when bellwether Co\u00f6s County in the far north voted for a losing presidential candidate until voting for Hubert Humphrey over Richard Nixon in 1968. It would also be the last election when a Democratic presidential candidate carried Merrimack and Rockingham Counties until 1912, when the Republican Party was divided between Progressive Theodore Roosevelt and conservative incumbent Taft, and the last when those went Democratic in a two-way contest until Lyndon Johnson in 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028348-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose nine representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028348-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nNew Jersey voted for the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland won his birth state by a very narrow margin of 2.35%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028348-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nThe Republican nominee would not win the White House without New Jersey again for until 2000, 112 years later, when Al Gore won New Jersey by a landslide but lost the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028349-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in New York\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 6, 1888. All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose 36 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028349-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York was won by the Republican nominees, former Senator Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate former Congressman Levi P. Morton of New York. Harrison and Morton defeated the Democratic nominees, incumbent President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate former Senator Allen G. Thurman of Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028349-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in New York\nHarrison narrowly carried New York State with a plurality of 49.28% of the vote to Cleveland's 48.19%, a victory margin of 1.09%. In a distant third came the Prohibition Party candidate Clinton B. Fisk with 2.29%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028349-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York weighed in for this election as less than 2% more Republican than the national average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028349-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in New York\nCleveland's narrow defeat in his home state, losing its 36 electoral votes, ultimately cost him the 1888 election, despite the fact that Cleveland won the nationwide popular vote by nearly a point. Cleveland had narrowly won New York State four years earlier in his initial 1884 presidential campaign, but strong opposition to Cleveland from the corrupt Tammany Hall machine, which held significant influence over New York's politics, helped to narrowly tip the state to Harrison in 1888. Had Cleveland instead won New York, he would have won reelection by seven electoral votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028349-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in New York\nCleveland performed most strongly downstate in the New York City area, where he won New York County, Kings County, Queens County, and Richmond County. Cleveland also won nearby Westchester County and Rockland County. Harrison, however, dominated in much of upstate New York, including a victory in Erie County, home to the city of Buffalo, although Cleveland did manage to win Albany County, home to the state capital of Albany, along with several rural upstate counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028350-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. North Carolina voters chose 11 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028350-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nNorth Carolina was won by the incumbent President Grover Cleveland (D\u2013New York), running with the former Senator and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio Allen G. Thurman, with 51.79% of the popular vote, against former Senator Benjamin Harrison (R-Indiana), running with Levi P. Morton, the 31st governor of New York, with 47.20% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028350-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nThe Union Labor Party chose Alson Streeter, a former Illinois state representative, and Charles E. Cunningham as their presidential and vice-presidential candidates and received 0.01% of the vote. The Prohibition Party ran brigadier general Clinton B. Fisk and John A. Brooks and received 0.99% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028351-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Ohio\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Ohio was held on November 6, 1888 as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. State voters chose 23 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028351-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Ohio\nOhio was narrowly won by Republican Party candidate, Benjamin Harrison, with 49.51% of the popular vote. The Democratic Party candidate, incumbent President Grover Cleveland, garnered 47.18% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028352-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Oregon\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028352-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Oregon\nOregon voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won the state by a margin of 10.94%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028353-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose 30 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028353-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nPennsylvania voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won Pennsylvania by a margin of 7.97%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028354-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028354-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nRhode Island voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won the state by a margin of 10.89%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028355-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose 9 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028355-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nSouth Carolina voted for the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland, over the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland won the state by a landslide margin of 65.11%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028356-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose 12 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028356-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nFor over a century after the Civil War, Tennessee\u2019s white citizenry was divided according to partisan loyalties established in that war. Unionist regions covering almost all of East Tennessee, Kentucky Pennyroyal-allied Macon County, and the five West Tennessee Highland Rim counties of Carroll, Henderson, McNairy, Hardin and Wayne voted Republican \u2013 generally by landslide margins \u2013 as they saw the Democratic Party as the \u201cwar party\u201d who had forced them into a war they did not wish to fight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028356-0001-0001", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nContrariwise, the rest of Middle and West Tennessee who had supported and driven the state\u2019s secession was equally fiercely Democratic as it associated the Republicans with Reconstruction. After the state\u2019s white landowning class re-established its rule in the early 1870s, black and Unionist white combined to forge adequate support for the GOP to produce a competitive political system for two decades, although during this era the Republicans could only capture statewide offices when the Democratic Party was divided on this issue of payment of state debt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028356-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nWhite Democrats in West Tennessee were always aiming to eliminate black political influence, and during the 1880s they attempted to do this by election fraud and stuffing of ballot boxes. During the 1888 elections, this fraud increased substantially and the GOP\u2019s fortures showed a decline at the state level to just 35 out of 132 state legislators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028356-0002-0001", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nThis would lead to much more drastic changes in the future, but in the presidential race Democratic nominee and incumbent President Grover Cleveland, running with the former Senator and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio Allen G. Thurman won only 52.26 percent of the popular vote, against former Indiana Senator Benjamin Harrison (R-Indiana), running with Levi P. Morton, the 31st governor of New York who gained 45.76 percent. Cleveland\u2019s margin was, given the political changes taking place, only a small improvement over his 1884 win in Tennessee; however, he did re-establish the majority-black far southwestern part of the state as rock-ribbed Democratic until the party turned towards Civil Rights under Harry S. Truman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 810]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028356-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nThe Union Labor Party chose Alson Streeter, a former Illinois state representative, and Charles E. Cunningham as their presidential and vice-presidential candidates and received 0.02% of the vote. The Prohibition Party ran brigadier general Clinton B. Fisk and John A. Brooks and received 1.97% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028357-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Texas\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. State voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028357-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Texas\nTexas was won by the incumbent President Grover Cleveland (D\u2013New York), running with the former Senator and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio Allen G. Thurman, with 65.70% of the popular vote, against former Senator Benjamin Harrison (R-Indiana), running with Levi P. Morton, the 31st governor of New York, with 24.73% of the vote and former Illinois state representative Alson Streeter (L\u2013Illinois), running with Charles E. Cunningham, with 8.24% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028357-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Texas\nThe Prohibition Party ran brigadier general Clinton B. Fisk and John A. Brooks and received 1.33% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028358-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Vermont\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028358-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Vermont\nVermont voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won Vermont by a margin of 43.40%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028358-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Vermont\nWith 69.05% of the popular vote, Vermont would be Harrison's strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028358-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Vermont\nVice President-elect Levi P. Morton was born in Shoreham, Vermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028359-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Virginia\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028359-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Virginia\nVirginia voted for the Democratic candidate, incumbent President Grover Cleveland over the Republican candidate, former U.S. Senator Benjamin Harrison. The contest in Virginia was very close and Cleveland narrowly won the state by a margin of just 0.53%. This was the closest the Republican Party came to winning an ex-Confederate state between the Compromise of 1877 and Warren G. Harding\u2019s 1920 win in Tennessee, and was effectively the last election with the expended Reconstruction Era electorate. So complete was to be the disfranchisement of Virginia's lower classes with the new Constitution of 1902 that it was 1952, with a much larger population, before the electorate returned to the same numbers observed in 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028360-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. West Virginia voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028360-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nWest Virginia was won by the incumbent President Grover Cleveland (D\u2013New York), running with the former Senator and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio Allen G. Thurman, with 49.35% of the popular vote, against former Senator Benjamin Harrison (R-Indiana), running with Levi P. Morton, the 31st governor of New York, with 49.03% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028360-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThe Union Labor Party chose Alson Streeter, a former Illinois state representative, and Charles E. Cunningham as their presidential and vice-presidential candidates and received 0.95% of the vote. The Prohibition Party ran brigadier general Clinton B. Fisk and John A. Brooks and received 0.68% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028361-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nThe 1888 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 6, 1888 as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. State voters chose 11 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028361-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nRepublican Party candidate Benjamin Harrison won Wisconsin with 49.79 percent of the popular vote, winning the state's eleven electoral votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028362-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 VFA season\nThe 1888 Victorian Football Association season was the 12th season of the Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028362-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 VFA season\nThe premiership was won by the South Melbourne Football Club. It was the third premiership in the club's history, and the first out of a sequence of three consecutive premierships won from 1888 to 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028362-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 VFA season, Association membership\nPrior to 1888, the Williamstown and South Williamstown clubs amalgamated, with the merged entity known as Williamstown. The South Williamstown club had been established in 1886 as the result of a dispute between the Williamstown Football Club and Williamstown Cricket Club over the use of the Williamstown Cricket Ground for football; this schism persisted for two seasons, with unsatisfactory outcomes, including poor onfield performances resulting from the fact that Williamstown, which was then a small fishing village, could not supply enough talented players to sustain two competitive senior teams. The football and cricket clubs came to agreeable terms over the 1887-88 summer, and formed a single entity which fielded one senior cricket team and one senior football team, both of which played at the cricket ground. The amalgamated club went on to finish third for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 924]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028362-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 VFA season, Association membership\nAdditionally, the neighbouring clubs of Prahran and St Kilda, which had both begun competing as senior clubs in 1886, amalgamated into one club; the merged entity retained the name and history of St Kilda, and adopted St Kilda's red, white and black guernsey with Prahran's blue trousers as its uniform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028362-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 VFA season, Association membership\nAs a result of these two amalgamations, the size of the Association contracted from eighteen senior teams to sixteen in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028362-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 VFA season, Association membership\nThe borough of Hotham was renamed North Melbourne, and the Hotham Football Club was accordingly renamed the North Melbourne Football Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028362-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 VFA season, 1888 VFA Ladder\nFor the first time, the senior clubs were formally ranked into a full premiership ladder of the type understood in the modern era. The teams were ranked under a new system designed by Theo Marshall:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028362-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 VFA season, 1888 VFA Ladder\nThis system meant that for the first time, the premiership was an official title conferred and endorsed by the Association, replacing the previous approach whereby the premier club was determined by an unofficial consensus but was conventionally understood to be won by the club which suffered the fewest defeats for the season \u2013 a system which was flawed because it treated wins and draws as equal in value. The Association also instituted the awarding of a premiership cap \u2013 in the Association's navy blue and gold colours \u2013 to players of the premiership team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028362-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 VFA season, 1888 VFA Ladder\nThe full ladder is shown below. Of the sixteen clubs, Footscray, University and the three Ballarat-based clubs failed to play the minimum eighteen matches required to qualify for the premiership; they are still shown ranked by adjusted points, but are not given a finishing position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028363-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 4, 1888. Incumbent Republican Ebenezer J. Ormsbee, per the \"Mountain Rule\", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate William P. Dillingham defeated Democratic candidate Stephen C. Shurtleff to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028364-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1888 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia in the 1888 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028365-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Wake Forest Baptists football team\nThe 1888 Wake Forest Baptists football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest College during the 1888 college football season. In its first year of intercollegiate football, the team defeated North Carolina by a 6\u20134 score in a game played on October 18, 1888, at the State Fair Grounds in Raleigh, North Carolina. After the game, The News & Observer wrote:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028365-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Wake Forest Baptists football team\n\"Decidedly one of the most interesting features of the whole fair was the game of foot ball yesterday between Wake Forest and Chapel Hill, resulting in a victory for Wake Forest. The game was exciting and was played by excellent teams on both sides. It was witnessed by a tremendous crowd. The players were uniformed and were a skilled and active set of boys.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028365-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Wake Forest Baptists football team\nW. C. Dowd was the coach of the Wake Forest team. The game was the first intercollegiate football game played in the state of North Carolina. The game was also the first in the history of the North Carolina Tar Heels football program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028366-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Washington Nationals season\nThe 1888 Washington Nationals finished with a 48\u201386 record in the National League, finishing in last place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028366-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028366-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028366-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028366-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028367-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1888, to elect the governor of West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028367-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia ruled that outgoing governor Emmanuel Willis Wilson would remain Governor; State Senate President Robert S. Carr had claimed authority until the Court reached its decision. In 1890, the Legislature agreed that Fleming had defeated Nathan Goff, Jr. As a result, Fleming did not assume the office until February 6, 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028368-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Williams Ephs football team\nThe 1888 Williams Ephs football team represented the Williams College during the 1888 college football season. The team finished with a final record of 4\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028369-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1888 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 9 July until 16 July. It was the 12th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028369-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Gentlemen's Doubles\nErnest Renshaw /  William Renshaw defeated  Patrick Bowes-Lyon /  Herbert Wilberforce, 2\u20136, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028370-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Doubles\nErnest Renshaw and William Renshaw defeated Ernest Meers and A. G. Ziffo 6\u20133, 6\u20132, 6\u20132 in the All Comers' Final, and then the reigning champions Patrick Bowes-Lyon and Herbert Wilberforce 2\u20136, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20133 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1888 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028371-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Singles\nErnest Renshaw defeated Ernest Lewis 7\u20139, 6\u20131, 8\u20136, 6\u20134 in the All Comers' Final, and then defeated the reigning champion Herbert Lawford 6\u20133, 7\u20135, 6\u20130 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1888 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028372-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Ladies' Singles\nBlanche Hillyard defeated Miss Howes 6\u20131, 6\u20132 in the All Comers' Final, and then the reigning champion Lottie Dod defeated Hillyard 6\u20133, 6\u20133 in the Challenge Round to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1888 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028373-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1888 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028373-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nRepublican nominee William D. Hoard defeated Democratic nominee James Morgan and two other candidates with 49.53% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028373-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Bibliography\nThis Wisconsin elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028374-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Worcester Tech football team\nThe 1888 Worcester Tech football team was an American football team that represented Worcester Polytechnic Institute in the 1888 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028375-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 World Championship (football)\nThe 1888 World Championship was an exhibition football match that took place in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow), Scotland, on 19 May 1888 between the winners of the Scottish Cup, Renton, and the English FA Cup, West Bromwich Albion. The match was won by Renton who beat Albion 4\u20131. The match was played in very bad weather and a replay in England was proposed, but never took place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028375-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 World Championship (football), Overview\nThis was not the first \"World Championship\" game between English and Scottish sides; however, the next edition was the first such club competition contested between national league winners (as the leagues had not been yet created before that time). Johnny Campbell, who played for Renton in this fixture, would also win a world championship with Sunderland in 1895; he is therefore the first known British footballer to have been twice listed as a world champion with different clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028375-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 World Championship (football), Overview\nIt was noted in the press that West Brom were \"one of the English clubs which have never had a Scotchman either as a coach or a player\" and the match were therefore seen as a truly international event \u2013 by this point may of the leading English clubs (which were allowed to become professional in 1885) had Scottish players, and in the aforementioned Sunderland v Hearts match in 1895 both entrants had an all-Scottish line-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028375-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 World Championship (football), Overview\nRenton's win was something of a watershed for Scottish football, as within a few days James Kelly and Neil McCallum had left to join the newly-formed Celtic and quickly helped to establish them as a force in the game, Meanwhile Renton soon lost several other members of their 'world champion' team to professional clubs in England (including Andrew Hannah who moved to West Brom after he impressed them in the Glasgow match) and gradually declined, never returning to the same level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028376-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 World Series\nThe 1888 World Series was an end-of-the-year professional baseball season championship playoff series between the National League champion New York Giants and the old American Association champion St. Louis Browns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028376-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 World Series\nThe Giants won, 6 games to 4. Hall of Fame pitcher Tim Keefe went 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028376-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 World Series\nThis was the Browns' last appearance in a championship tournament and pre-modern-era World Series, the last of their four consecutive AA pennants. The club would later join the NL in 1892 and be renamed as the St. Louis Cardinals by 1900. It would be 1926 before they would win their next league pennant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028376-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 World Series, Game summary, Game 6\n(last World Series game to be played at a neutral site until 2020 World Series)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028377-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1888 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1888 college football season. In its first season under head coach Walter Camp, the team compiled a 13\u20130 record, did not allow a single point, and outscored opponents by a total of 694 to 0. The team has been retrospectively named as the national champion by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028377-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 Yale Bulldogs football team\nYale's point total was the largest ever made by a Yale team. The team scored 126 touchdowns and kicked 69 goals from touchdown and eight goals from the field. Its scoring leaders included William Wurtenburg with 20 touchdowns, Lee McClung with 16, Charles O. Gill with 14, Frederic W. \"Kid\" Wallace with eight, William Herbert Corbin with six, and John A. Hartwell and Ashbel Barney Newell with five each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028377-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 Yale Bulldogs football team\nHead coach Walter Camp and five players (Corbin, Pudge Heffelfinger, McClung, Amos Alonzo Stagg, and George Washington Woodruff) have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028377-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Wesleyan (first game)\nOn September 29, 1888, Yale opened its season with a 76\u20130 victory over Wesleyan on the Yale field in New Haven, Connecticut. The starters for Yale were William Herbert Corbin (centre and captain), Brooks (right guard), Pudge Heffelfinger (left guard), William Rhodes (right tackle), Charles O. Gill (left tackle), William Wurtenburg (quarterback), Samuel B. Morison (back), B. Morrison (back), Robinson (right end), Townsend (left end), and Herbert McBride (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 71], "content_span": [72, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028377-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Rutgers\nOn October 6, 1888, Yale defeated Rutgers, 65\u20130, on Yale Field in New Haven. Due to rain, only 50 spectators attended the game. The game consisted of 35 minutes of playing time. Team captain William Herbert Corbin had his knee \"thrown out of joint\" during the game. Yale's starters were Robinson, William Rhodes, Bert Hanson, Corbin (centre), Pudge Heffelfinger, Charles O. Gill, Townsend, William Wurtenburg (quarterback), Samuel B. Morison (halfback), B. Morrison (halfback), Herbert McBride (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028377-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Penn (first game)\nOn October 13, 1888, starting at 3:05 p.m., Yale defeated Penn, 34\u20130, before a crowd of less than 1,000 at the 37th and Spruce Street grounds in Philadelphia. Yale's starting lineup in the game consisted of Frederic W. \"Kid\" Wallace (rusher), Charles O. Gill (rusher), Pudge Heffelfinger (rusher), William Herbert Corbin (rusher), Gordon B. Pike (rusher), William Rhodes (rusher), Samuel B. Morison (rusher), Clifford B. Twombly (quarterback), Harmon S. Graves (halfback), William Wurtenburg (halfback), and Herbert McBride (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028377-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Wesleyan (second game)\nOn Tuesday, October 16, 1888, Yale played its second game against Wesleyan, prevailing by a 46\u20130 at Wesleyan's home field in Middletown, Connecticut. Yale's starting lineup was Frederic W. \"Kid\" Wallace (rusher), Bert Hanson (rusher), Pudge Heffelfinger (rusher), William Herbert Corbin (centre and captain), Gordon S. Pike (rusher), William Rhodes (rusher), McClintock (rusher), Clifford B. Twombly (quarterback), William Wurtenburg (halfback), Lee McClung (halfback), Herbert McBride (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028377-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Amherst (first game)\nOn Friday, October 19, 1888, starting at 3:20 p.m., Yale defeated Amherst, 39\u20130, on Amherst's home grounds in Amherst, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028377-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Williams\nOn October 20, 1888, Yale defeated Williams, 30\u20130, on Williams' home field in Williamstown, Massachusetts. Yale's 30 points was the lowest score by a Yale team against any opponent other than a Harvard or Princeton team. Yale's starting lineup was Frederic W. \"Kid\" Wallace (rush line), Bert Hanson (rush line), Pudge Heffelfinger (rush line), William Herbert Corbin (rush line), Gordon Pike (centre), William Rhodes, Morrison, William Wurtenburg (quarterback), Harmon S. Graves (halfback), Herbert McBride (halfback), and William T. Bull (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028377-0009-0000", "contents": "1888 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Stevens\nOn October 27, 1888, Yale defeated Stevens, 69\u20130. The game was played in drizzling rain at Yale Field in New Haven. Yale scored 44 of its points in the last inning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028377-0010-0000", "contents": "1888 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Crescent Athletic Club\nOn Tuesday, November 6, 1888, in a game starting at 11:15 a.m., Yale defeated the Crescent Athletic Club, 28\u20130, before a crowd of nearly 1,600 at Washington Park in Brooklyn. Yale's starting lineup was Frederic W. \"Kid\" Wallace (rusher), Charles O. Gill (rusher), Ashbel Barney Newell (rusher), William Herbert Corbin (rusher), Brewster (rusher), Pudge Heffelfinger (rusher), Amos Alonzo Stagg (rusher), William Wurtenburg (quarterback), Lee McClung (halfback), Perry W. Harvey (halfback), and Herbert McBride (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028377-0011-0000", "contents": "1888 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Wesleyan (third game)\nOn November 17, 1888, Yale defeated Wesleyan, 105\u20130, at Yale Field in New Haven, Connecticut. Yale's tally of 105 points was its highest of the season and was the total of eight touchdowns (32 points), 11 goals (66 points), one goal from field (five points), and one safety (two points). Charles O. Gill was credited with the best play of the game, running three quarters of the field with Amos Alonzo Stagg acting \"as a sort of bodyguard in the race for six points.\" Yale's starting lineup was Stagg (rusher), John A. Hartwell (rusher), George Washington Woodruff (rusher), Ashbel Barney Newell (center rush), Pudge Heffelfinger (rusher), Gill (rusher), Frederic W. \"Kid\" Wallace (rusher), William Wurtenburg (quarterback), Lee McClung (halfback), Herbert McBride (halfback), and William T. Bull (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 71], "content_span": [72, 880]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028377-0012-0000", "contents": "1888 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Princeton\nOn November 24, 1888, Yale defeated Princeton, 10\u20130, at the Polo Grounds in Manhattan. Both teams were undefeated prior to the game which was billed as a contest for the intercollegiate football championship. The attendance was variously placed at 10,000 to 20,000 with The New York Times estimated the crowd at a little less than 15,000, evenly split between Princeton and Yale partisans. Yale's 10 points were scored on two goals kicked from the field by Yale's fullback William T. Bull.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028377-0012-0001", "contents": "1888 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Princeton\nAs the game ended, a \"mob\" of Yale supporters ran onto the field and carried the victorious players off on their shoulders. The starting lineup for Yale consisted of Frederic W. \"Kid\" Wallace (rusher), Charles O. Gill (rusher), George Washington Woodruff (centre rush), William Herbert Corbin (rusher), William Rhodes (rusher), Pudge Heffelfinger (rusher), and Amos Alonzo Stagg (rusher), William Wurtenburg (quarterback), Lee McClung (halfback), Harmon S. Graves (halfback), and Bull (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028377-0013-0000", "contents": "1888 Yale Bulldogs football team, Roster\nThe 1888 season was a transitional season where linemen were still generally referred to generically as \"rushers\" or the \"rush line\", but were at other times referred to by reference to specific positions in the line. Where available from game accounts, both designations are included below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028378-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 and 1889 United States Senate elections\nThe United States Senate elections of 1888 and 1889 were elections that coincided with Benjamin Harrison's victory over incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Both parties were unchanged in the regular elections, but later special elections would give Republicans an eight-seat majority, mostly from newly admitted states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028378-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 and 1889 United States Senate elections\nAs these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028378-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 and 1889 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 50th Congress\nThere were no special elections during 1888 or in 1889 before March 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 104], "content_span": [105, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028378-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 and 1889 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 51st Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1889; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028378-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 and 1889 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 51st Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were elected in 1889 after March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028379-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 college football season\nThe 1888 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Yale as having been selected national champions. October 18 saw the first intercollegiate game in the state of North Carolina when Wake Forest defeated North Carolina 6\u20134. The first \"scientific game\" occurred on Thanksgiving of the same year when North Carolina played Duke (then Trinity). Duke won 16 to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028379-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 college football season, Conference standings\nThe following is a potentially incomplete list of conference standings:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028380-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 eruption of Mount Bandai\nThe 1888 eruption of Mount Bandai was a major volcanic eruption which occurred during the Meiji period of the Empire of Japan. The eruption occurred on July 15, 1888, and pyroclastic flows buried villages on the northern foot of the mountain, and devastated the eastern part of Bandai region, Iwashiro Province (now part of Fukushima Prefecture) north of Tokyo. At least 477 people were killed and hundreds more were injured and rendered homeless in what became the worst volcanic disaster in recent Japanese history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028380-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 eruption of Mount Bandai, Background\nMount Bandai is a stratovolcano. Its last eruption had occurred in 806. Mount Bandai had a conical profile, and had been compared in literature with Mount Fuji. The Bandai volcano consisted of four peaks: O-bandai (1,819 meters), Kushigamine (1,636 meters), Akahaniyama (1,427 meters), and Ko-bandai which was slightly lower than that of O-bandai.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028380-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 eruption of Mount Bandai, Background\nSmall earthquakes were reported on July 8, 9, and 10. Moderate earthquakes occurred on July 13 and 14. However, as earthquakes are commonplace all over Japan, these tremors were not viewed by the local populace with undue concern.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028380-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 eruption of Mount Bandai, Eruption\nOn July 15, three earthquakes occurred prior to the main eruption. The third one was the largest, at around magnitude 5. At 07:45, while the ground was still heaving, a phreatic eruption began at the fumaroles approximately 100 meters upslope from the Kaminoyu hot spring resort on the flank of Ko-Bandai. Successive explosions occurred 15 to 20 times per minute. Each explosion was accompanied by thunder and a black eruption column ascending to a height of 1300 meters. The last explosion was observed to discharge a horizontal cloud, mainly toward the north.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028380-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 eruption of Mount Bandai, Eruption\nWithin 10 minutes after the explosions, a pyroclastic flow swept over the eastern part of the volcano. According to eyewitness, phreatic eruptions continued after the large collapse at least twice. At around 10:00, hot rain started falling, transforming the vast quantity of volcanic ash into lahar (volcanic mudslides). At 16:00, ash fall ceased.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028380-0005-0000", "contents": "1888 eruption of Mount Bandai, Aftermath\nThe eruption had transformed hundreds of square kilometers of forest and farmland around the mountain into a wasteland. Several villages were completely buried under landslides, which also considerably altered the topography of the region by diverting rivers and creating a number of new lakes. Approximately 1.5 cubic kilometers of the summit of the mountain had collapsed, and flowed northwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028380-0006-0000", "contents": "1888 eruption of Mount Bandai, Aftermath\nJapanese geologists Seikei Sekiya and Y. Kikuchi from the Imperial University of Tokyo visited Bandai within days of the eruption. After spending several months studying the new crater and the devastated areas, they published a report in English (\u201cThe eruption of Bandai-san\u201d Tokyo Imperial University College of Sciences Journal 3 (1890), pp 91\u2013171), which is considered a classic in volcanology. A photograph of the ruined mountain was the first news photograph printed by the Yomiuri Shimbun in Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028380-0007-0000", "contents": "1888 eruption of Mount Bandai, Aftermath\nThe eruption was the first major disaster faced by the fledgling Japanese Red Cross, which moved in quickly to provide disaster relief.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028380-0008-0000", "contents": "1888 eruption of Mount Bandai, Aftermath\nThe lake district formed by this cataclysm is now known as Urabandai or Bandai-k\u014dgen, and has become a popular tourist destination, especially the multi-hued lakes of Goshiki-numa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028381-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1888 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028382-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028382-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1888 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028382-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1888 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028383-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in Australian soccer\nThe 1888 season was the fifth season of competitive association football in Australia. The were two league competitions fielded by Northern District British Football Association (Northern NSW) and the South British Football Soccer Association (New South Wales) and three cup competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028383-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 in Australian soccer, League competitions\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028383-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 in Australian soccer, Cup competitions\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 43], "content_span": [44, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028384-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in Belgium\nThe following lists events that happened during 1888 in the Kingdom of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028386-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in Canada, Historical Documents\nHouse of Commons committee hears of cartels conspiring to control products ranging from groceries to coal to stoves and coffins", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028386-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 in Canada, Historical Documents\nU.S. Supreme Court rules on Alexander Graham Bell's telephone patent in light of previous invention claimed by \"a poor mechanic\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028386-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 in Canada, Historical Documents\nIn report on northern lands, Senate committee points out unwanted wildlife loss from \"greater ease in their capture\" and use of poison", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028387-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1888, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 89], "content_span": [90, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028388-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1888 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028392-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in Germany\nEvents in the year 1888 in Germany, the 'Year of the Three Emperors'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028393-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in India, Deaths\nThis year in India article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028396-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1888 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028396-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 in New Zealand, Sport, Horse racing\nThe Auckland Cup of 1887 is moved to January 1888. Future Auckland Cup's are normally scheduled for New Year's Day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028396-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 in New Zealand, Sport, Polo\nThe first polo club in New Zealand is formed in Auckland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028396-0003-0000", "contents": "1888 in New Zealand, Sport, Rowing\nNational Championships are held for the first time. They are held at separate venues; the single sculls in Wellington, the coxed fours in Wanganui. From the following year the Championships will be held at a single venue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028396-0004-0000", "contents": "1888 in New Zealand, Sport, Rugby union\nThe first ever British Isles rugby team tour takes place, visiting New Zealand and Australia. The visitors win all their New Zealand games except for one, losing to Auckland. The first New Zealand Native team to visit Britain leaves at the end of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028398-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1888 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028399-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in Portugal, Arts and entertainment\nOs Maias \u2013 novel by Jos\u00e9 Maria de E\u00e7a de Queiroz", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 40], "content_span": [41, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028402-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1888 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028402-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 in South Africa, Railways, Locomotives\nTwo new 3\u00a0ft\u00a06\u00a0in (1,067\u00a0mm) Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the Natal Government Railways (NGR):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028404-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1888 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028406-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in architecture\nThe year 1888 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028408-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1888 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028409-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1888  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028409-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 in baseball, Major league baseball final standings\nNote: team nicknames are given here according to the modern retroactive convention. According to the 1889 Spalding Official Guide, however, which covered the 1888 season, no nicknames were used for any team - aside from Athletic - with the exception of \"Giants\" (always within quotation marks).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 55], "content_span": [56, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028410-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in film\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1888 in film, including a list of films released and notable births.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028411-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028412-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in music\nThis is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028413-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028414-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028414-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028414-0002-0000", "contents": "1888 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028415-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028416-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in science\nThe year 1888 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028417-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in sports\n1888 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028417-0001-0000", "contents": "1888 in sports, Golf\nFebruary 22 - \u201cFather of American Golf\u201d John Reid first demonstrates golf on a Yonkers cow pasture to friends", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 20], "content_span": [21, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028418-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in the Congo Free State\nThe following lists events that happened during 1888 in the Congo Free State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028419-0000-0000", "contents": "1888 in the United Kingdom\nEvents from the year 1888 in the United Kingdom. This year is noted for the first Whitechapel murders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028421-0000-0000", "contents": "18880 Toddblumberg\n18880 Toddblumberg, provisional designation 1999 XM166, is a background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 December 1999, by LINEAR at the Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site, near Socorro, New Mexico, United States. The asteroid was named after Todd Blumberg, a 2003 ISEF contest awardee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028421-0001-0000", "contents": "18880 Toddblumberg, Orbit and classification\nToddblumberg orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.6\u20133.8\u00a0AU once every 5 years and 9 months (2,096 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 10\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic. The first precovery was taken at Palomar Observatory (DSS) in 1953, extending the body's observation arc by 46 years prior to its official discovery observation at Socorro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028421-0002-0000", "contents": "18880 Toddblumberg, Orbit and classification\nAlthough discovered by LINEAR, Toddblumberg is not a near-Earth asteroid. Its closest approach to the Sun (perihelion) is about double the maximum distance of 1.3 AU that qualifies an asteroid as \"near-Earth\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028421-0003-0000", "contents": "18880 Toddblumberg, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nAccording to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Toddblumberg measures 4.3 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.265.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 65], "content_span": [66, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028421-0004-0000", "contents": "18880 Toddblumberg, Physical characteristics, Lightcurve\nAs of 2017, Toddblumberg's spectral type and rotation period remain unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 56], "content_span": [57, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028421-0005-0000", "contents": "18880 Toddblumberg, Naming\nThis minor planet was named for Todd James Blumberg (born 1984), a student at the Plano Senior High School in Plano, Texas, who won the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF) award for his microbiology project in 2003.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028421-0006-0000", "contents": "18880 Toddblumberg, Naming\nSince 2001, hundreds of secondary school students who have won awards at science fairs have had asteroids named after them. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 30 August 2004 (M.P.C. 52648).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028422-0000-0000", "contents": "1888: The Extraordinary Voyage of the Santa Isabel\n1888: The Extraordinary Voyage of the Santa Isabel (Spanish: 1888: El Extraordinario Viaje de la Santa Isabel) is a 2005 Venezuelan film based on the book The Mighty Orinoco by Jules Verne. The film premiered at the 2005 Guadalajara International Film Festival. It was the country's submission to the Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film in 2005, but was disqualified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028422-0001-0000", "contents": "1888: The Extraordinary Voyage of the Santa Isabel, Synopsis\nJulio Verne, writer and adventurer, becomes bored with his life and decides to sail down the Amazon. He arrives in South America at the Venezuelan coast, meeting Italian geographer Conde Ermanno Stradelli; Stradelli has a mission from Rome to map the Orinoco. Verne decides to join him, and they gain another late addition: Juan de Kermor. Through the journey, Verne and Stradelli discover that Juan is actually a woman, Juana, who has been searching for a way to travel down the Orinoco looking for her father.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 60], "content_span": [61, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028422-0002-0000", "contents": "1888: The Extraordinary Voyage of the Santa Isabel, Production\nThe screenplay was written by Gustavo Michelena, Rafael Arraiz and Alfredo Anzola, based on the Verne story The Mighty Orinoco. The film combines Verne's story, about the character Jeanne de Kermor, with a fictionalized framing narrative of the real Vernes and Count Stradelli being part of the journey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 62], "content_span": [63, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028422-0003-0000", "contents": "1888: The Extraordinary Voyage of the Santa Isabel, Oscars selection\nThe film was chosen as Venezuela's 2005 entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. However, incomplete paperwork led to the entry being disqualified. At the time of its selection, the choice of the CNAC was controversial; the film Secuestro Express by Jonathan Jakubowicz was also eligible for nomination and was much more successful both nationally and internationally. Jakubowicz criticized the choice not to nominate his film, which is about kidnapping and gangs in Venezuela, saying that it was overtly political because his film was artistically superior.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 68], "content_span": [69, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028422-0003-0001", "contents": "1888: The Extraordinary Voyage of the Santa Isabel, Oscars selection\nAnzola did not comment on the artistic quality of either film, but said that Jakubowicz, a relative newcomer to the industry at the time, was upset because he wanted his first feature film to receive a nomination and that he would be calmer with more experience. Jakubowicz was forced to leave Venezuela because of Secuestro Express after receiving threats from then-President Hugo Ch\u00e1vez. Ultimately, no submission was accepted from Venezuela in 2005.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 68], "content_span": [69, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras\nThe 1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras occurred in the aftermath of the Second Anglo-Afghan War, when the Afghan Emirate signed the Treaty of Gandamak. Afghan King Abdur Rahman Khan set out to bring the Turkistan, Hazarajat and Kafiristan regions under his control. He launched several campaigns in the Hazarajat due to resistance from the Hazaras, and he conducted a genocide on its population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras\nOne estimation says sixty percent of the total Hazara population was either killed or displaced by fleeing to Quetta and other adjoining areas. The Hazara land was distributed among Pashtun villagers. Hazara women and old men were sold as slaves, and many young Hazara girls were kept as concubines by Afghan kings. Abdur Rahman arrested Syed Jafar, chief of the Sheikh Ali Hazara tribe, and jailed him in Mazar-e-Sharif. The repression after the uprising has been called the most significant case of genocide in the history of modern Afghanistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras, First uprising\nThe first Hazara uprising against Abdur Rahman Khan took place between 1888 and 1890. When Emir Abdur Rahman's cousin, Mohammad Eshaq, revolted against him, tribal leaders of the Sheikh Ali Hazaras joined the revolt. The revolt was short lived and crushed as the Emir extended his control over large parts of Hazarajat. Leaders of the Sheikh Ali Hazaras had allies in two different groups, Shia and Sunni. Abdur Rahman took advantage of the situation, pitting Sunni Hazara against the Shia Hazara, and made pacts among the Hazara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0003-0000", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras, First uprising\nAfter all of Sheikh Ali Hazaras' chiefs were sent to Kabul, opposition within the leadership of Sawar Khan and Syed Jafar Khan continued against the government troops, but at last were defeated. Taxes were imposed and Afghan administrators were sent to occupied places, where they subjugated the people with abuses. People were disarmed, villages were looted, local tribal chiefs were imprisoned or executed, and the better lands were confiscated and given to Afghan nomads (Kuchis).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0004-0000", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras, Second uprising\nThe second uprising occurred in the Spring of 1892. According to Syed Askar Mousavi, the cause of the uprising was an assault on the wife of a Hazara chieftain by Afghan soldiers. The families of both the man and his wife killed the soldiers involved and attacked the local garrison. Several other tribal chiefs who supported Abdur Rahman now turned against him and joined the rebellion, which rapidly spread through the entire Hazarajat. In response to the rebellion, the Emir declared a \"jihad\" against the Shias  and raised an army of up to 40,000 soldiers, 10,000 mounted troops, and 100,000 armed civilians (most of whom were Pashtun nomads). He also brought in British military advisers to train his army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0005-0000", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras, Second uprising\nThe large army defeated the rebellion at its center, in Oruzgan, by 1892 and the local population was displaced with some being massacred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0006-0000", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras, Second uprising\n\"thousands of Hazara men, women, and children were sold as in the markets of Kabul and Qandahar, while numerous towers of human heads were made from the defeated rebels as a warning to others who might challenge the rule of the Amir\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0007-0000", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras, Second uprising\nAbdur Rahman ordered that all weapons of the Hazara be confiscated and for Sunni Mullahs to impose Sunni interpretation of Islam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0008-0000", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras, Third uprising\nAbout\u00a0\u00b7 The people\u00a0\u00b7 The land\u00a0\u00b7 Language\u00a0\u00b7 Culture\u00a0\u00b7 Diaspora\u00a0\u00b7 Persecutions\u00a0\u00b7 Tribes\u00a0\u00b7 Cuisine", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0009-0000", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras, Third uprising\nPolitics\u00a0\u00b7 Writers\u00a0\u00b7 Poets\u00a0\u00b7 Military\u00a0\u00b7 Religion\u00a0\u00b7 Sports\u00a0\u00b7 Battles", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0010-0000", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras, Third uprising\nThe third uprising of Hazara was in response to excessive taxation, starting in early 1893. This revolt took the government forces by surprise and the Hazara managed to take most of Hazarajat back. During the revolt the Hazaras arrested or killed the governor of Gizu; the governor of Uruzgan tried to plead to the Hazaras that the Amir would listen to their demands. The provincial forces responded to the revolt with military force; in this response the Hakim of Gizu reported to the governor general of balochistan that General Mir Atta Khan at Gizu committed \"great excesses\" in Gizu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0010-0001", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras, Third uprising\nAfter the revolt unfolded; Hazara tribal leaders like Muhammad, Karbala-i-Raza and others were arrested after trying to flee. Abdur Rahman kept various Hazara chiefs as hostages in Kabul; yet eventually sent them back to Uruzgan; after the revolt was crushed they were then sent back to Kabul again. After months of fighting, the uprising Hazaras were eventually defeated due to a shortage of food; in response to such food shortages Abdur Rahman ordered grain be sent from Herat to Uruzgan. Small pockets of resistance continued to the end of the year as government troops committed atrocities against civilians and deported entire villages. The governor of Balochistan reported to the foreign department of India that he believed Abdur Rahman was intending to exterminate the Hazaras.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 833]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0011-0000", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras, Third uprising\nMassive forced displacements, especially in Oruzgan and Daychopan, continued as lands were confiscated and populations were expelled or fled. Out of 132,000 families, 10,000 to 15,000 Hazara families fled the country to northern Afghanistan, Mashhad (Iran) and Quetta (Pakistan), and 7,000 to 10,000 Hazaras submitted to Abdur Rahman, and the rest fought until they were defeated. There is a famous story of 40 Hazara girls in Uruzgan committing suicide to escape sex slavery during the persecution. 30 mule loads; or roughly over 400 decapitated Hazara heads were allegedly sent to Kabul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0011-0001", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras, Third uprising\nThe Sultan Ahmad Hazara tribe of Uruzgan was reduced from 3,000 families to just 60 by the repression of Abdur Rahman. 68% of the Beshud Hazara tribe was killed or displaced by the Amir's crackdown. It is estimated that more than 60% of the Hazara population were massacred or displaced during Abdur Rahman's campaign against them. Hazara farmers were often forced to give up their property to Pashtuns and as a result many Hazara families had to leave seasonally to the major cities in Afghanistan, Iran, or Pakistan in order to find jobs and a source of income.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0011-0002", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras, Third uprising\nQuetta in Pakistan is home to the third largest settlements of Hazara outside Afghanistan. Syed Askar Mousavi, a contemporary Hazara writer, estimates that more than half of the entire population of Hazarajat was driven out of their villages, including many who were massacred. Encyclop\u00e6dia Iranica claims: \"It is difficult to verify such an estimate, but the memory of the conquest of the Haz\u0101raj\u0101t by \u02bfAbd-al-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n Khan certainly remains vivid among the Haz\u0101ras themselves, and has heavily influenced their relations with the Afghan state throughout the 20th century.\" In 1894 802 Hazara leaders who survived the rebellion were killed or exiled after being captured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028423-0012-0000", "contents": "1888\u20131893 Uprisings of Hazaras, Third uprising\nOthers claim that Hazaras began leaving their hometown of Hazarajat due to poverty and in search of employment mostly in the 20th century. Most of these Hazaras immigrated to neighbouring Balochistan, where they were provided permanent settlement by the government of British India. Others settled in and around Mashad, in the Khorasan Province of Iran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028424-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 AHAC season\nThe 1888\u201389 AHAC season was the third season of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada. Play was in challenges and started on December 15, 1888. The Montreal Hockey Club would win the final challenge of the season to win the Canadian championship for the second season in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028424-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 AHAC season, League business\nThe annual meeting of the Amateur Hockey Association was held in the Victoria Skating Rink, Montreal, on November 16, 1888. Representatives from most of the hockey clubs were present. The election for the ensuing year resulted as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028424-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 AHAC season, League business, Rule changes\nThe league reverted to the challenge system, hoping to attract teams from outside Montreal. Quebec would return to play in the AHAC. The number of games was reduced to only four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 50], "content_span": [51, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028424-0003-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 AHAC season, League business, Rule changes\nThe league adopted a rule where the placement of the 'bully' or faceoff, could be played at the point of infringement, or at the point of play stoppage, at the choice of the captain of the offended team after a rules infraction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 50], "content_span": [51, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028424-0004-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 AHAC season, Regular season\nThis season saw two teams from outside of Montreal and Ottawa to make challenges. Halifax(Dartmouth) had not challenged for the national championships before, while Quebec had played in the Montreal tournaments. McGill did not return to mount a challenge this year. Ottawa did not play a challenge, but did play an exhibition against the Montreal Hockey Club in Ottawa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028424-0005-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 AHAC season, Regular season\nHalifax Chebuctos would play two games in Montreal, both played half under \"Montreal rules\", half under \"Halifax rules\". Halifax would lose 6\u20131 to Montreal and 4\u20131 to Crystals. Both games were played at the Crystal Palace skating rink. The two games are recorded in the overall record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028424-0006-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 AHAC season, Regular season\nThe Chebuctos would play two games against Quebec, losing 8\u20130 and 5\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028424-0007-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 AHAC season, Player statistics, Goaltending averages\nNote: GP = Games played, GA = Goals against, SO = Shutouts, GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 60], "content_span": [61, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028425-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Accrington F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was Accrington's first season in the Football League which had just been founded. Because of this Accrington became one of the founder members of the Football League. They finished in 7th position level on points with Everton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028425-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Accrington F.C. season, Final league table\nKey: P = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 50], "content_span": [51, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028426-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Aston Villa F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 English football season saw the first season of the Football League. In the late 1880s, Birmingham and the surrounding region boasted many of the country's strongest football teams. Villa and several of the region's leading clubs joined the first two national leagues set up in England, the Football League and the Football Alliance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028426-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Aston Villa F.C. season\nAston Villa were one of the new league's 12 founding members and finished as runners-up behind double winners Preston North End. The 'Invincibles' from Lancashire also ended Villa's bid to win every single home game, with a 2\u20130 win at Wellington Road in Villa's last home fixture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028426-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Aston Villa F.C. season\nVilla's cup season ended with an 8\u20131 defeat by Blackburn Rovers that remained a club record until 2012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028426-0003-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Aston Villa F.C. season\nLocal businessman, George Kynoch was appointed president of the club in 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028427-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was Blackburn Rovers's first season in the Football League which had just been founded. Because of this they became one of the founder members of the Football League. They finished in 4th position with 26 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028427-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season, Final league table\nKey: P = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 56], "content_span": [57, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028428-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Bolton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was Bolton Wanderers's first season in the Football League which had just been founded. Because of this they became one of the founder members of the Football League. They finished in 5th position with 22 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028429-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 British Home Championship\nThe 1888\u201389 British Home Championship was the sixth international football tournament between the British Home Nations and as with all but one of the previous tournaments, Scotland won, beating England by one point to take the championship. Wales achieved third place whilst Ireland finished bottom, as they had for five of the previous competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028429-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 British Home Championship\nEngland began the strongest team, scoring ten goals in their first two matches against Wales and Ireland for just two in reply. Scotland then showed their intent with a 7\u20130 defeat of Ireland at home in their first game. In what would turn out to be the deciding game of the competition, England and Scotland then played out a very fast-paced match which Scotland won 3\u20132 despite England's home advantage. Only needing a single point against Wales in their last match, Scotland only just achieved it, finishing with a rare scoreless draw. Ireland and Wales then played the decider for last place, Wales comfortably beating the Irish 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028430-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Burnley F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was the seventh season in Burnley Football Club's history, and their first in league competition following the formation of the Football League in 1888. The side finished ninth in their inaugural league campaign, and as one of the bottom four teams in the division, they were forced to apply for re-election to return for the following season. Burnley began the season on 8 September 1888 with a 2\u20135 defeat away at Preston North End, who went on to be crowned league champions that year. In the next match, Burnley achieved their first league victory when they won 4\u20133 against Bolton Wanderers, with William Tait becoming the first player in history to score a league hat-trick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028430-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Burnley F.C. season\nBurnley's top goalscorer in the 1888\u201389 season was Scottish forward Pat Gallocher, who netted nine goals in all competitions, including Burnley's first in the Football League. Alec Brady was the top scorer in the league, with seven goals in 20 appearances. John Yates became the first Burnley player to be selected for an international match when he was called up to the England squad in March 1889, but despite scoring a hat-trick on his debut, he was never picked for England again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028430-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Burnley F.C. season\nIn the FA Cup, Burnley reached the Second Round before being knocked out by West Bromwich Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028431-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was Burslem Port Vale's first season and only season of football in The Combination. The league was abandoned before the fixture list was completed, though Vale were in poor form regardless. They exited the FA Cup, Staffordshire Senior Cup and North Staffordshire Challenge Cup in their opening rounds and also struggled in friendlies, the low point being a 3\u20131 defeat to village team Oswaldtwistle Rovers at the Athletic Ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028431-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, The Combination\nBurslem Port Vale prepared for their first ever league campaign by signings Lewis Ballham from Stoke and Dick Danks from Wolverhampton Wanderers, though they lost Harry Cookson to South Shore and Bob Ramsay to Stoke. Despite being overweight, forward Billy Reynolds scored the winning goal in the season opening victory over Birmingham St George's at the Athletic Ground. Though they lost 2\u20131 at home to Halliwell, they recorded 6\u20131 and 3\u20130 home victories over Gainsborough Trinity and South Shore. However a sequence of away fixtures followed, in which they picked two points on the road all season. Their home form remained steady though, picking up 16 of a possible 26 points at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028431-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions and friendlies\nVale's interest in the FA Cup ended early as they were beaten 3\u20132 at Small Heath Alliance. Their friendlies in the first part of the season were also largely disappointing, losing 4\u20130 to Preston North End and 8\u20131 to Blackburn Rovers \u2013 both strong sides \u2013 but more worryingly they were humbled 4\u20130 at little-known side Witton. A 3\u20131 home defeat to Lancashire village team Oswaldtwistle Rovers on 12 January was embarrassing, one of the worst results in the club's short history as they proved themselves \"not worthy of a club their standing\" on the day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 80], "content_span": [81, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028431-0002-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions and friendlies\nOn 16 February, they fell to a 5\u20131 defeat at home to Potteries derby rivals Stoke in front of a season-high crowd of 5,000. They managed to beat Burton Wanderers 4\u20132 in the fourth round of the Staffordshire Senior Cup on 9 March, but were forced to replay the game after the visitors complained about the state of the Athletic Ground pitch; the replay was lost 3\u20131 as the team reverted to \"the old game of a long kick and a sharp rush\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 80], "content_span": [81, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028431-0003-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions and friendlies\nDesperate to turn around their poor form, the club signed \"the best centre-forward that ever left Scotland\" in 19-year old Frank McGinnes, who had built up a formidable reputation at Halliwell. They travelled to Anfield on 20 April and recorded a 1\u20130 victory over Everton, but the season petered out with defeat to Leek in the semi-finals of the North Staffordshire Challenge Cup and a 7\u20131 thumping after fielding a weakened side at Bootle. The Combination league collapsed, but the team's poor form meant they were not invited to compete in either the new Football Alliance. The club management resolved to strengthen the team and had to be content with friendlies for the following campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 80], "content_span": [81, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028432-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Celtic F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was the first season of football by Celtic. They competed in the Scottish Cup, Glasgow Exhibition Cup, Glasgow Merchants Charity Cup, Glasgow Cup and Glasgow North Eastern Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028432-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Celtic F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028433-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Derby County F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was Derby County's first season in the Football League which had just been founded. Because of this they became one of the founder members of the Football League. They finished in 10th position with 16 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028433-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Derby County F.C. season, Final league table\nKey: P = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028434-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was the 16th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028434-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nA successful run in the Scottish Cup brought Dumbarton to their eighth semi final and their first ever meeting with Celtic. On the day however the Glasgow side were to prove too strong and ran out 4-1 winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028434-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup, Dumbartonshire Cup\nThe trophy was lifted for the second time, beating their town rivals Dumbarton Athletic easily in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028434-0003-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup, Greenock Charity Cup\nAn invitation to compete in the Greenock Charity Cup was accepted, but Dumbarton lost out to the hosts Morton in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028434-0004-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup, Friendlies\nDuring the season, 28 'friendly' matches were played, including home and away fixtures against Vale of Leven, Dumbarton Athletic and Queen's Park. There were also matches against the current holders of the East of Scotland Shield (Mossend Swifts), the Lanarkshire Cup (Airdrie), the Renfrewshire Cup (St Mirren) and the Stirlingshire Cup (East Stirling), and a 3 match tour of the north of Scotland during the New Year holidays. In England, matches were played against Sunderland and Sunderland Albion, and Dumbarton also gave the Welsh national team a tough work-out in a game at Boghead. In all, 9 matches were won, 7 drawn and 12 lost, scoring goals 74 and conceding 67.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028434-0005-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nDumbarton continued to attract some of the best players in Scotland, and joining up this season were Dickie Boyle and Geordie Dewar. Amongst those leaving was internationalist Peter Miller after a career with the club spanning over 13 seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028434-0006-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028434-0007-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\nAn international trial match was played on 16 February 1889 to consider selection of teams to represent Scotland in the upcoming games in the 1889 British Home Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028434-0008-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\nGeordie Dewar was selected to take part and subsequently earned his second cap against England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028434-0009-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative matches\nDumbarton players were selected to play in Dumbartonshire county matches as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028434-0010-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Representative matches\nIn addition Geordie Dewar was selected to play for a 'Counties' team against a Glasgow Select on 4 October 1888 - Glasgow won 9-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028434-0011-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton lost in the second round of the Scottish Second XI Cup to Linthouse, but in the Dumbartonshire Second XI Cup, the trophy was won for the first time by beating Vale of Leven in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028435-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Eastville Rovers F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was the sixth to be played by the team that are now known as Bristol Rovers, and their fifth playing under the name Eastville Rovers. It was significant as being the first season in which the club won a trophy, taking the Gloucestershire Cup title in just the second year of the tournament's existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028435-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nBefore the season began, Fred Channing was re-elected as club captain, with W.J. Somerton continuing in his role of vice captain. S. Burgess and W. Braund were re-elected as second XI captain and vice captain respectively, and W.S. Perrin was confirmed as the club's secretary and treasurer. The start of the second Gloucestershire Cup tournament was deferred until January due to some clubs being unhappy with the interference the competition had caused with the regular club match schedule the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028435-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nThe draw for the first round of the Cup was made on the 13 December. Eleven teams entered the competition this year, four more than in its inaugural season, and Eastville Rovers were paired with St Agnes in one of three ties in the opening round. The other fixtures were Warmley v Old Boys, Q.E.H. (who had been known as Globe F.C. until this season) and Clifton v St George. Southville, Wick & Doynton, St Simon, Kingswood, and Craigmore College were all given byes to the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028435-0003-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nRovers were victorious against St Agnes, earning them a second-round tie against tournament newcomers Wick & Doynton. This game was played in Warmley, and refereed by world-famous cricketer W. G. Grace, but following a 2\u20131 defeat to the Eastville club the home team appealed the result, claiming that proper procedures hadn't been followed when appointing the match official. The Gloucestershire FA upheld the complaint and the game was replayed two weeks after the original tie with a new referee taking charge. The standard of the officiating of the replayed match was the subject of some criticism, both by the local press and the crowd in attendance on the day, but the outcome was an identical result to when the game was played originally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028435-0004-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nA goalless draw against Kingswood in the semi-final led to a replay on the Chequers Ground, which looked like ending in another stalemate until Walter Perrin grabbed a late winner for Eastville. This earned them their first appearance in the final, where they would face pre-match favourites, and one of the strongest teams in the Bristol area, Warmley. Perrin was again the hero in the final, scoring the only goal at the St George Cricket & Football Club in front of an estimated 3,000 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028435-0005-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Statistics, Cumulative record\nThe total cumulative record of Eastville Rovers up to the end of the 1888\u201389 season is shown below. This is calculated by adding the numbers in the section above to the total games played last season. Friendly matches are not included in this table, and games held at neutral venues are considered to have been played away from home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028435-0006-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Statistics, Cumulative record\nAs of the summer of 1889, Rovers' competitive matches had all been played in the Gloucestershire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028436-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Everton F.C. season, Regular First team\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028436-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Everton F.C. season, Regular First team\nEverton fielded by far the most unsettled side of all the twelve original Football League members, using thirty-five players in their twenty-two game campaign. Indeed, the club have never fielded more players in any season since, despite having played as many as twenty league games more in over fifty subsequent seasons. So inconsistent was their team selection that at no time did the above combination actually take the field. Not surprisingly Everton's best result of the season, a 6\u20132 victory over Derby County on 20 October 1888 was achieved with ten of the above players on the field. Robert Watson missed that game while his deputy, Alex McKinnon scored the only hat-trick obtained by an Everton player all season. This was the only game in which ten of the first eleven featured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028436-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Everton F.C. season, Other players used\nJack Angus (5 appearances at outside left), William Briscoe (3 apps \u2013 inside left), William Brown (6 apps \u2013 outside left), Albert Chadwick (2 apps \u2013 left back), J Coyne (2 apps \u2013 inside right), George Davie (2 apps \u2013 centre forward), Alec Dick (9 apps \u2013 right back), George Fleming (4 apps \u2013 outside right), Mike Higgins (1 app \u2013 centre half), Charles Jolliffe (4 apps \u2013 goalkeeper), Robert Jones (1 app \u2013 centre back), Bob Kelso (1 app \u2013 centre back), J Keys (1 app \u2013 centre forward), Wiliam Lewis (3 apps \u2013 centre forward), Alex McKinnon (6 apps \u2013 outside right), Alf Milward (6 apps \u2013 centre forward), R Morris (1 app \u2013 centre forward), Henry Parkinson (1 app \u2013 centre half), Hugh Pollock (1 app \u2013 centre back), Roberts (1 app \u2013 centre back), George Stephenson (1 app \u2013 centre back), Harry Warmby (1 app \u2013 centre back), David Waugh (7 apps \u2013 inside right), Walter Wilson (1 app \u2013 left back)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 941]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028437-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 FA Cup\nThe 1888\u201389 FA Cup was the eighteenth edition of the world's oldest football knockout competition, The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028437-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 FA Cup, Qualifying rounds\nFor information on the matches played from the First Qualifying Round to the Fourth Qualifying Round, see 1888\u201389 FA Cup qualifying rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 33], "content_span": [34, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028438-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nThe FA Cup, from this season onwards, began to incorporate a series of qualifying rounds in order to determine qualifiers for the actual Cup competition itself. The qualifying rounds were made up of amateur teams, semi-professional teams, and professional sides not yet associated with the Football League. The only game to be played on Christmas Day took place, Linfield Athletic beating Cliftonville 7\u20130. Everton became the first Football League team to withdraw from the Cup after drawing Ulster in the first qualifying round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028438-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nSee 1888\u201389 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the First Round onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League\nFounded in 1888, the Football League is the oldest such competition in world football. The 1888\u201389 Football League was the first edition of the Football League, which ran from the autumn of 1888 until the spring of 1889. The Football League was formally created and named in Manchester during a meeting on 17 April 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League\nThe season began on 8 September 1888 with 12 member clubs from the Midlands and North of England: Accrington, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Bolton Wanderers, Burnley, Derby County, Everton, Notts County, Preston North End, Stoke, West Bromwich Albion and Wolverhampton Wanderers. Each club played the other twice, once at home and once away. The season concluded in 20 April 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League\nThe original league rules stated that teams' positions should be calculated \"from wins, draws, and losses\", without further detail. It was not until late November that a points system was decided upon, with teams being awarded two points for a win and one point for a draw. Goal average was used to separate teams level on points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0003-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, Final league table\nThe league rules stated that the bottom four clubs were obliged to retire and seek re-election at the Annual General Meeting (AGM) along with any other clubs wishing to become League members. Stoke, Burnley, Derby County, and Notts County were all re-elected for the 1889\u201390 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0004-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, Individual statistics\nTaken from Fu\u00dfball-Weltzeitschrift, a journal of the International Federation of Football History & Statistics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0005-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, Preston North End's champion squad\nPreston North End's champion squad were known as The Invincibles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 59], "content_span": [60, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0006-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Sat 8 September 1888: Opening day\nTen of the twelve teams took part in the first ever round of Championship fixtures on Saturday, 8 September 1888 and although no league table was published in any of the newspapers of the time West Bromwich Albion would have been the very first table toppers. By modern-day calculations, Derby County would have been the first ever table toppers because of their superior goal difference which was +3 after the first game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 70], "content_span": [71, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0006-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Sat 8 September 1888: Opening day\nAlbion won 2\u20130 at Stoke in front of 4,500 spectators and would have headed Preston North End, Derby County and Everton by virtue of an infinite goal average as they kept a clean sheet. Goal Average was the number of goals scored divided by the number of goals conceded. Goal Average was used to separate teams who were tied on points at that time. Preston defeated Burnley 5\u20132, Derby were 6\u20133 winners at Bolton and Everton secured the points in a 2\u20131 victory over Accrington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 70], "content_span": [71, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0006-0002", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Sat 8 September 1888: Opening day\nAston Villa defender Gershom Cox was thought to have earned the distinction of scoring the first ever league goal with an unfortunate own goal in a 1\u20131 draw with Wolverhampton Wanderers and Fred Dewhurst opening the scoring minutes later at Preston with the first intentional goal. However the post-match reports of relative kick-off times show most games were delayed allowing for crowds to assemble. A goal by England and Bolton winger Kenny Davenport 2 minutes into the match against Derby County  was scored comfortably before any other and is now regarded as the first ever football league goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 70], "content_span": [71, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0007-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Sat 15: Preston go top of the League\nPreston North End took over from West Bromwich Albion at the top of the table in their second game on Saturday 15 September 1888 when they won 4\u20130 at Wolverhampton Wanderers with Archie Goodall scoring on his Preston debut. Albion also won 2\u20131 at Derby County but the victory gave them an inferior goal average while Everton were the only other club to secure maximum points from their opening two games. Both Blackburn Rovers and Notts County made their respective football league debuts. Rovers were held 5\u20135 by Accrington while Notts County lost 1\u20132 at Everton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 73], "content_span": [74, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0008-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Sat 22: Only Preston keep 100% record\nA 2\u20136 defeat for West Bromwich Albion at Blackburn Rovers and a 1\u20132 defeat for Everton at Aston Villa left Preston as the only team with a 100% record after three games when they defeated Bolton Wanderers 3\u20131 at Deepdale. Stoke recorded their first ever league victory 3\u20130 over Notts County, who themselves replaced Stoke at the foot of the table. County had lost both their opening two fixtures while Bolton had yet to secure a point from three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 74], "content_span": [75, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0009-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Sat 29 Preston maintain 100% record\nPreston's 100% record was maintained when they won 3\u20132 at Derby County while second placed Aston Villa set a record victory up to that time when they defeated bottom club Notts County 9\u20131. Bolton recorded their first ever league victory at the fourth attempt, 6\u20132 against Everton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 72], "content_span": [73, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0010-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Sat 6 Oct Villa suffer first defeat of the season\nRichard Whittle marked his Preston debut with a goal in their 7\u20130 victory over Stoke to take their perfect start to five games. Their lead at the top was doubled to two points when Aston Villa suffered their first defeat of the season 0\u20132 at Everton. West Bromwich Albion moved up to second after beating Derby County 5\u20130 while Notts County secured their first ever point at the fourth attempt in a 3\u20133 draw with Blackburn Rovers yet remained at the foot of the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 86], "content_span": [87, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0011-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Sat 13: Preston North End vs West Bromwich Albion\nWest Bromwich Albion visited Deepdale for the first ever league clash between teams occupying the top two positions at kick off. Albion trailed Preston by two points and required a six-goal victory to overtake the leaders on goal average but Preston stretched their perfect start to six games with a 3\u20130 victory. Aston Villa moved back into second place, three points behind Preston on the same day when they defeated Blackburn Rovers 6\u20131. Notts County became the last team to secure a victory when they defeated Everton 3\u20131 in what was their fifth game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 86], "content_span": [87, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0012-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Sat 20: Accrington are first team to take a point from Preston\nAccrington became the first team to gain a point against Preston when they held the league leaders to a 0\u20130 draw in what was their seventh game of the season. Aston Villa won 3\u20132 at Bolton to reduce Preston's lead to two points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 99], "content_span": [100, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0013-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Sat 27 Wolves beaten at Deepdale\nPreston North End extended their unbeaten start to the season to eight games when they defeated Wolverhampton Wanderers 5\u20132 at Deepdale with John Goodall scoring a hat-trick. Alex McKinnon earned the distinction of being the first player to score a league hat-trick for Everton in their 6\u20132 victory over Derby County who fell to the bottom of the league as a result of a sensational 6\u20131 victory for Notts County over Burnley. Blackburn Rovers also enjoyed a comprehensive 5\u20132 victory over Stoke to climb to sixth in the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 69], "content_span": [70, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0014-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Sat 3 Preston stretch unbeaten start to nine\nPreston stretched their unbeaten start to the season to nine games when Jack Gordon and John Goodall both scored hat-tricks in a 7\u20130 victory at Notts County. This was Goodall's second hat-trick in consecutive games and took Preston three points clear of Aston Villa who were held 1\u20131 at Stoke. Blackburn Rovers also scored seven goals away from home at Burnley, who did manage a goal in reply.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 81], "content_span": [82, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0015-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Saturday 10 November 1888: Preston North End vs Aston Villa\nWhen Aston Villa visited Preston North End on Saturday 10 November 1888 it was both teams tenth game of their twenty-two game programme and the second time that two teams had played a fixture while occupying the top two positions in the league. Villa went into the game trailing Preston by three points but a 1\u20131 draw maintained the status quo. Aston Villa were the only team to stop Preston North End winning every home game this season. The Villa also went on to win every home game except one which was against Preston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 96], "content_span": [97, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0016-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, 12 November 1888: Monday night football\nPreston completed the first half of their program unbeaten when they won 3\u20130 at Stoke in the only fixture played that day. Ross, Thomson, Robertson scored for them. The result took Preston five points clear of second placed Aston Villa who held one game in hand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0017-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Saturday 17 November 1888\nPreston increased their lead to seven points with a 2\u20130 defeat of Accrington while Aston Villa were beaten 1\u20135 at Blackburn Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 62], "content_span": [63, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0018-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Saturday 24 November 1888\nBlackburn Rovers completed a run of five straight victories when they won 2\u20130 at bottom club Derby to move into third place, eight points behind leaders Preston whose unbeaten start increased to thirteen games with a 5\u20132 victory at Bolton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 62], "content_span": [63, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0019-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Saturday 8 December 1888\nBottom club Derby travelled to unbeaten league leaders Preston having not won in nine games, the last seven of which had all ended in defeat. Jock Inglis made his Preston debut and scored in their 5\u20130 victory", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 61], "content_span": [62, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0020-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Saturday 15 December 1888\nPreston North End were held to a draw for only the third time at the fifteenth attempt, 2\u20132 at Burnley. Their nearest challengers, Aston Villa were unable to make any impact into the seven-point deficit though as they too were held 1\u20131 at Accrington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 62], "content_span": [63, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0021-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Saturday 22 December 1888\nPreston's 3\u20130 defeat of Everton took their unbeaten start to the season to sixteen games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 62], "content_span": [63, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0022-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Wednesday 26 December 1888\nLeague leaders Preston travelled to West Bromwich Albion on Boxing Day winning 5\u20130 and, with Aston Villa not playing, they established a nine-point lead having played two games more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028439-0023-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Football League, The season, Saturday 5 January 1889: Preston Champions\nA 1\u20130 victory over Blackburn Rovers on 29 December took Preston North End into the new year still unbeaten with just four games remaining. Their first game of 1889 would be at home to Notts County in a game that would see them crowned champions of the inaugural league with three games to spare provided Aston Villa also lost at Burnley. Notts County arrived at Deepdale having failed to win in seven outings, the last five of which had all ended in defeat and rarely threatened as Preston ran out 4\u20131 winners. Aston Villa slumped to a 0\u20134 defeat at Burnley which saw Preston crowned champions. The Deepdale club remained unbeaten in their final three games to complete their league programme unbeaten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 79], "content_span": [80, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028440-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nSeason 1888\u201389 was the thirteenth season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the thirteenth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028440-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts reached the fourth round of the Scottish Cup losing to Campsie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028440-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts Won the East of Scotland Shield beating Leith Athletic in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028441-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Hibernian F.C. season\nSeason 1888\u201389 was the 13th season in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the 14th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028441-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nHibs reached the first round of the Scottish Cup, losing 2\u20131 to Mossend Swifts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028442-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Netherlands Football League Championship\nThe Netherlands Football League Championship 1888\u20131889 was the first national football championship in the Netherlands. Seven teams from the cities Amsterdam, The Hague, Haarlem and Rotterdam participated in the competition that would later be called Eerste Klasse West. But since the western football district of the Netherlands was the only one to have a competition at the time, it could be regarded as a national championship. VV Concordia from Rotterdam won the championship, however this championship was not official, since the teams had not played an equal number of matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team\nThe 1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team was a New Zealand rugby union team that toured Britain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand in 1888 and 1889. It mostly comprised players of M\u0101ori ancestry, but also included some P\u0101keh\u0101 (white New Zealanders). A wholly private endeavour, the tour was not under the auspices of any official rugby authority; it was organised by New Zealand international player Joseph Warbrick, promoted by public servant Thomas Eyton, and managed by James Scott, a publican. The Natives were the first New Zealand team to perform a haka, and also the first to wear all black. They played 107 rugby matches during the tour, as well as a small number of Victorian Rules football and association football matches in Australia. Having made a significant impact on the development of New Zealand rugby, the Natives were inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame in 2008.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 935]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team\nAfter a preliminary tour of New Zealand in 1888, the side travelled to England via Melbourne and Suez. The M\u0101ori players initially provoked curiosity due to their race, but the British press subsequently expressed some surprise that the side was not as \"M\u0101ori\" as they had expected. Playing their first match, on 3 October against Surrey, the team was subjected to a taxing match schedule, and frequently played three matches per week. Their early matches included a 9\u20130 loss to Middlesex, but their form improved in November, when they won 10 of their 13 matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0001-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team\nThe team played its first match against a national team on 1 December, against Ireland, and won 13\u20134. This was followed by a win over one of the strongest English county teams, Yorkshire, and a 5\u20130 defeat against the Wales national team. By January 1889 the Natives had played 36 matches in less than three months, winning 22 of them; they had spent most of their time in the north of England, where the playing strength was strongest and the crowds largest and most profitable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team\nIn a return match on 19 January, Yorkshire fielded a stronger side than in the first match and inflicted one of the Natives' heaviest losses, a 16\u20134 defeat. The team then went undefeated until 16 February, when they faced England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0002-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team\nOfficials of the strictly amateur Rugby Football Union (RFU) had become increasingly concerned at the behaviour of the New Zealanders, regarding them as unsportsmanlike, and tensions reached a nadir in the aftermath of the England match, during which the RFU secretary George Rowland Hill, refereeing the game, awarded some controversial tries to England, prompting three of the Natives to temporarily leave the field in protest. England eventually won 7\u20130. The Natives apologised afterwards for their behaviour, but the damage remained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0002-0002", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team\nThe New Zealanders left England without an official send-off, and travelled to Australia where they toured Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland. They then returned to New Zealand, where they displayed a level of combination not seen in their home country before. They went 31 games undefeated before losing their final match, on 24 August 1889, 7\u20132 to Auckland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0003-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team\nThe Natives' final record in rugby matches was 78 wins, 6 draws and 23 losses. They introduced tactical innovations to New Zealand rugby on their return home, and their tour contributed to the formation of the New Zealand Rugby Football Union in 1892. Seventeen of the team's 26 players went on to play provincially in New Zealand, and two, Thomas Ellison and David Gage, subsequently captained the New Zealand national rugby team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0004-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Background\nThe idea for assembling a team of M\u0101ori footballers to tour Britain was conceived by Joseph Warbrick, a rugby player who had toured with the first New Zealand national team in 1884. He initially proposed a team of M\u0101ori or part-M\u0101ori to play the touring British side in 1888; this developed into a venture to have a M\u0101ori team tour Britain if a preliminary tour of New Zealand were successful. Hearing of Warbrick's plans, public servant Thomas Eyton contacted him to offer help managing the tour, which Warbrick accepted. When James Scott, a publican, subsequently joined the partnership, the three men decided that Warbrick would be the team's captain, Scott its manager and Eyton its promoter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0005-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Background\nWarbrick started assembling a team for the tour in early 1888. He had difficulties assembling a squad due to player availability, and failed to secure the talented Jack Taiaroa due to his university commitments. Some M\u0101ori players who initially agreed to play later pulled out when the eligibility criteria were relaxed to allow squad members who were only part-M\u0101ori. Twenty M\u0101ori or part-M\u0101ori players joined the squad; five P\u0101keh\u0101 (white New Zealand) players were added after the team lost to Auckland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0005-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Background\nDue to the inclusion of these P\u0101keh\u0101 players the team was renamed from the \"New Zealand Maori\" to the \"New Zealand Native Football Representatives\". The final squad comprised 26 players (including Warbrick); of these at least five were full-blooded M\u0101ori, while fourteen had a M\u0101ori mother and a P\u0101keh\u0101 father. The parentage of some of the players is unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0006-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Background\nThe team toured New Zealand before departing overseas, playing against Hawke's Bay, Auckland, Nelson, Wellington, Canterbury, South Canterbury, and Otago. The first game was contested against Hawke's Bay in Napier on 23 June 1888. They played nine games in their preliminary tour of New Zealand, and won seven of them. Their last New Zealand match before departure, against Otago played in Dunedin on 31 July 1888, was won by one try to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0007-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Background\nThe team sailed for Australia from Dunedin, leaving on 1 August 1888. In Melbourne, Scott recruited Jack Lawlor to train the players in Victorian Rules football in Britain as preparation for possible Victorian Rules matches on their return to Australia. The team played two rugby matches against the Melbourne Rugby Union team, winning the first and drawing the second, before continuing to Britain via Suez. They arrived in London on 27 September 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0008-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Arrival in England and early matches\nThe team were met in Britain by local rugby administrators, including an official of England's Rugby Football Union (RFU). The first match of the tour was against Surrey, where the team became the first New Zealand side to perform a haka, and also the first to wear an all black uniform. That the team was predominantly M\u0101ori provoked curiosity from the British press\u00a0\u2013 at the time, most Britons had not seen non-white people\u00a0\u2013 but there was some surprise that the team were not as \"M\u0101ori\" as had been expected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 78], "content_span": [79, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0008-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Arrival in England and early matches\n\"They are not unlike Europeans,\" a Scottish reporter wrote in November 1888; \"that is their resemblance is great when one remembers that they were a savage tribe no further back than a generation\". The Surrey match, which was refereed by the RFU secretary George Rowland Hill, was won 4\u20131 by the Natives after they scored two tries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 78], "content_span": [79, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0009-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Arrival in England and early matches\nThe Natives next defeated both Northamptonshire and Kent, before defeats by Moseley and Burton-on-Trent. Both defeats were unexpected, and in the Moseley match, injuries played a part\u00a0\u2013 the tourists played most of the match at least two men down, as replacements were then not allowed. The team recovered to win their next game, against Midlands Counties in Birmingham. Their next fixture was against Middlesex in a match not open to the public, and hosted by the Earl of Sheffield at Sheffield Park, Uckfield. The Middlesex side contained a number of international players, including Arthur Gould.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 78], "content_span": [79, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0009-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Arrival in England and early matches\nMiddlesex won easily, with the Natives play characterised by poor tackling. The final score was 9\u20130, with three tries conceded by the New Zealanders. Prior to the match both sides had enjoyed lunch with wine\u00a0\u2013 an indulgence the Natives were not used to. A report in the Auckland Star had this to say of the game:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 78], "content_span": [79, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0010-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Arrival in England and early matches\nThe New Zealanders expected to meet a mere exhibition 15 of scratch players, whereas Mr Rowland Hill had carefully collected the best possible team available. Such \" passing \" as the Home men displayed the Maoris frankly admit they have never previously witnessed. Said McCausland whilst we were on the platform waiting for the London train, \"I think they would have just beaten us, even if we had been in good form.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 78], "content_span": [79, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0011-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Arrival in England and early matches\nFollowing the match against Middlesex, the team travelled to the north, where the strongest English rugby teams were based. Yorkshire and Lancashire dominated the county championship until many of their respective member clubs split from the RFU in 1895 over the issue of \"broken time\" payments. The New Zealanders lost to Hull F.C. 1\u20130, defeated Dewsbury, then lost to Wakefield Trinity. After their first draw of the tour (against Northumberland County) they defeated Stockton-on-Tees and Tynemouth. Joe Warbrick appeared in the match against Tynemouth, but aggravated the foot injury that had kept him out of the side until that point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 78], "content_span": [79, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0011-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Arrival in England and early matches\nThese victories were followed by a 13\u20134 defeat to Halifax on 10 November. The team then won seven matches in a row, including one against Hawick RFC, their only Scottish opposition of the tour. The last two matches that month were a loss to Swinton and a 9\u20130 victory over Liverpool and District. The team had played thirteen fixtures during November and won ten of them. By this point, the team was beset by injuries\u00a0\u2013 of the fifteen players that played against Westmorland County on 24 November, five had injuries. The squad comprised only 26 players, and the tourists were often struggling to field a side. Nevertheless, their heavy schedule continued; on 30 November 1888 they left for Dublin, where a match had been organised against the Ireland national team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 78], "content_span": [79, 843]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0012-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Ireland, further English matches, and Wales\nThe Ireland fixture was played at Lansdowne Road, Dublin, on 1 December 1888. Both teams had a number of leading players out injured\u00a0\u2013 the Irish were forced to make four changes to their original selection. Ireland led 3\u20130 at half-time after scoring a converted try, but the Natives improved considerably in the second-half, scoring four tries. Patrick Keogh scored the first two tries, and his play was praised by the local press. The third try scored was by Thomas Ellison after a counter-attack by George Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 85], "content_span": [86, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0012-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Ireland, further English matches, and Wales\nThe try was not converted, but the strong finish from the New Zealanders gave the visitors a 13\u20134 victory. The Irish press were surprised by the loss and strongly criticised their team, but Ireland did go on to defeat Wales two tries to nil in the 1889 Home Nations Championship. Following their defeat of Ireland, the Natives played Trinity College and then North of Ireland. The match against Trinity College was drawn 4\u20134, and despite Keogh not playing, the Native side played much better than their previous fixture. The team then travelled to Belfast, where they defeated North of Ireland 2\u20130 on 5 December; scoring two tries to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 85], "content_span": [86, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0013-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Ireland, further English matches, and Wales\nAfter returning to England, the Natives faced Lancashire in Manchester, where they lost 1\u20130. Two days later they drew with Batley, despite their opposition scoring five tries. Their next match was against Yorkshire, who were one of the strongest counties in the country, and went on to win the inaugural County Championship that season. Yorkshire fielded a weakened team, and were subsequently defeated 10\u20136 by the Natives, who scored six tries. After a further two victories, the team travelled to Wales, where they lost 3\u20130 to Llanelli, before facing Wales on 22 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 85], "content_span": [86, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0014-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Ireland, further English matches, and Wales\nAt the start of the match the home crowd were fairly hostile towards the Welsh team due to fans of both Swansea and Llanelli feeling slighted by the lack of selection of their players. Four teams dominated Welsh national selection at the time, and out of the 15-man team only William Towers and William Bowen of Swansea and Dan Griffiths of Llanelli had been selected. The match was played in Swansea, and the lack of local players may have contributed to a poor crowd, with gate receipts of only \u00a3120 recorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 85], "content_span": [86, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0014-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Ireland, further English matches, and Wales\nThe crowd's hostility impacted on the players, and debutant Norman Biggs was \"palpably nervous\" at the start of the match. Biggs, aged 18 years and 49 days, became the youngest Welsh international player\u00a0\u2013 a record he held until the debut of Tom Prydie in 2010. Despite the heckles aimed primarily at Biggs, Charlie Arthur and George Thomas, the Welsh team produced an excellent effort, especially from the forwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 85], "content_span": [86, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0015-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Ireland, further English matches, and Wales\nTowers scored the first Welsh try, which was converted by Jim Webb. The Natives replied with a spirited run by Ellison, but he failed to break through the Welsh defence. The tourists trailed even further after George Thomas scored a breakaway try frrm the half-way line, which went some way to silence the heckles from the crowd. Webb, playing in out of position at full-back, missed the conversion and then failed at a long distance goal from a mark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 85], "content_span": [86, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0015-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Ireland, further English matches, and Wales\nThe Natives continued to push, with Elliot coming within five-yards of the try line, and when Ellison did manage to cross the line he was carried back into the 25-yard line before he could touch down. In the second half Wales continued to push their advantage when Alexander Bland dribbled the ball into the Natives' 25; this was collected by Sydney Nicholls, who managed to get the ball across the try line, allowing Jim Hannan to score. Warbrick for the Natives and Stadden for Wales both subsequently came close to scoring tries, but there were no further scores in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 85], "content_span": [86, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0016-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Ireland, further English matches, and Wales\nThe match was also of historical importance because of the Welsh tactics employed. In the 1886 Home Nations Championship Wales had trialled the four three-quarter system, wherein the team would play with eight forwards rather than nine, and instead employ an extra centre three-quarter. The system was deemed a failure and was particularly unpopular with star Welsh player Arthur Gould, whose formidable ability as a back allowed his club team Newport to retain the additional forward. With Gould working in the West Indies, Wales again tried the four three-quarter system against the Natives, and its success saw the team permanently adopt the system. Within six years the other three Home Countries had adopted four three-quarter style of play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 85], "content_span": [86, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0017-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Ireland, further English matches, and Wales\nBefore they left Wales, the Natives played Swansea and two other local clubs, Newport, and Cardiff. They defeated Swansea for their first win in Wales, and followed this up with a victory over Newport in front of 8,000 spectators. They finished their Welsh matches, and the year, with a 4\u20131 loss to Cardiff in front of a partisan crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 85], "content_span": [86, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0018-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Return to England\nThe side entered 1889 having played 36 matches for 22 wins and three draws. The Natives' play had improved throughout November and December following poorer form in their October matches; positive press reports reflected this improvement. The team would go on to play a further 17 matches before their 16 February match against England. January started with a 4\u20131 loss to Bradford, during which 25 police officers were required to keep many of the 12,000 spectators, many of them non-paying, in order. This was followed by victories over Leeds Parish Church, Kirkstall, Brighouse Rangers, and Huddersfield. Following further matches against Stockport, Castleford, and Warrington, where the team drew, lost, then won, the side faced Yorkshire for a second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 59], "content_span": [60, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0019-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Return to England\nYorkshire had been criticised in the press for fielding a weakened line-up against the Natives when the sides first met in December. After the unexpected loss, Yorkshire were determined to make amends and a strong side was selected for the county, including Fred Bonsor, Richard Lockwood and John Willie Sutcliffe, all of whom would appear for England against the Natives later that season. Described as \"knocked about\" and \"stale\", the Natives struggled to compete against such strong opposition, and Yorkshire scored three converted tries before a try to Ellison left the scores at 9\u20131 at half-time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 59], "content_span": [60, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0019-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Return to England\nThe second half was little better for the Natives; they conceded a further two tries as well as a drop-goal. The second of these tries was scored by Lockwood after he ran the ball from his own half. Ellison scored a converted try late in the match, but this didn't prevent the Natives suffering their largest defeat of the tour: 16\u20134 to the Yorkshiremen. Ellison later described the match as \"without a murmur, the biggest beating we received in our whole tour\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 59], "content_span": [60, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0020-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Return to England\nAfter a victory over Spen Valley District, the team travelled west to play Somersetshire, Devonshire, Taunton, and Gloucestershire, and won all five games. The victory over Somerset was the New Zealanders' largest of the tour; they scored nine tries in a 17\u20134 victory. Half-back Keogh played outstandingly for the Natives, while the entire side demonstrated superior passing and combination to their opposition. Devonshire and Tauton suffered heavy defeats by the New Zealanders, before a strong Gloucestershire side was dismissed. After defeating Midland Counties, the Natives returned to London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 59], "content_span": [60, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0021-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Return to England\nThe team had two further matches before their game against England. The first was against one of the strongest clubs in England, Blackheath. Andrew Stoddart, who had toured New Zealand and Australia with the 1888 British Isles side, played for the club in their 9\u20133 defeat to the Natives. The New Zealanders won having scored four tries, including two by Keogh. Their next opposition was a United Services side mainly comprising Royal Navy players. The Natives were again victorious, this time 10\u20130. The match against Oxford University was postponed due to heavy frost, and so the team had a seven-day break from playing\u00a0\u2013 their longest of the tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 59], "content_span": [60, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0022-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Match against England\nThe match against England was causing the Natives' players and management problems before it had even begun. The team manager, Scott, was in dispute with the RFU over where the match should be played\u00a0\u2013 the RFU were adamant that the match should take place at Blackheath's ground, but Scott wanted the game to proceed at The Oval, where a larger crowd, and therefore higher gate receipts, could be secured. The strictly amateur RFU establishment were already suspicious of the profit-making motives of the Natives, and were unwilling to yield on the selection of venue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0022-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Match against England\nThe RFU was also in dispute with the other Home Unions over the formation of the International Rugby Football Board (IRFB). Following a disputed try in an England\u2013Scotland international match in 1888, the Scottish authorities had pushed for the establishment of an international body to oversee the game, but the RFU insisted that they would only join if they held a deciding vote, arguing that they deserved this as they were, they asserted, the senior body, and had the most member clubs. Ireland, Wales and Scotland consequently refused to play against England until 1891, when, following arbitration, the RFU relented and joined the IRFB. The absence of international matches was a factor in England agreeing to face the Natives on 16 February 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0023-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Match against England\nThe line-ups selected for the 16 February match were both strong, and close to full strength. Though 12 of the England side had not played internationally before, all were experienced at domestic level. The match was refereed by Rowland Hill, who had also officiated the Natives' first match in Britain, against Surrey. The opening of the first half was a scoreless affair, with much tackling and scrummaging on the heavy ground. Later in the half England scored two tries through Harry Bedford, but both were disputed by the Natives, who claimed that one of their players had grounded the ball in-goal. England took the two-try advantage into the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0024-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Match against England\nEarly in the second half a third disputed try was scored by the English. The try and its aftermath caused controversy and a rift between the Natives and the RFU. Ellison attempted to tackle the English player Stoddart, and in the process ripped his shorts off. The Natives quickly formed a circle around Stoddart to allow him to replace his clothing without being seen. While this was happening one of the English players, Frank Evershed, picked up the ball and scored a try.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0024-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Match against England\nThe New Zealanders protested, believing that play had stopped after claiming Stoddart had called \"dead ball\"\u00a0\u2013 but Hill awarded the try, prompting three of the Native players, Dick Taiaroa, Williams, and Sherry Wynyard, to leave the field in protest. The aggrieved players were eventually persuaded to return, but not before Hill had restarted play. Ellison was very critical of Hill, particularly because he was also Secretary of the RFU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0024-0002", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Match against England\nEllison wrote after the tour that \"gross as these errors were, they were insignificant when compared with another that Mr Hill committed at the outset of the game, viz, refereeing at all in that game\". The disputed try was followed by a final try for the English, who ultimately won 7\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0025-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Match against England\nThe RFU, at Hill's instigation, promptly demanded an apology from the Natives' captain of the day, Edward McCausland, who had led the team as Joe Warbrick was injured. The English authorities of the time believed that the decision of a referee was above question, and that protesting a decision as the New Zealanders had done was unsportsmanlike. The RFU threatened to bar any of their affiliated players\u00a0\u2013 in other words, the entire rugby playing population of England\u00a0\u2013 from facing the Natives if they did not apologise. McCausland swiftly sent an apology by telegram, but this was deemed inadequate; he therefore sent another, four days after the game:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0026-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Match against England\nTo Rowland Hill,As captain of the New Zealand team I beg to apologise to the Rugby Union committee for the insults offered by my team to their officials on the field of play on Saturday last, and beg on behalf of my team to express their regret for their behaviour on that occasion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0027-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Match against England\nThe London establishment that governed the game were disturbed by the New Zealanders' approach to the game; reports of rough and over-aggressive play by the Natives had steadily increased in frequency since their arrival in Britain. In the north of England, criticism of the visitors' sportsmanship was rarer; the tourists were accepted as playing the game in the same spirit as their local opponents, which in the north was a more working class sport than in the south. Some of the Natives, including Joe Warbrick, accused the RFU and the English press of hypocrisy, claiming that they were quick to criticise the New Zealanders for rough play, yet tolerant of similar behaviour from their own players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 767]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0028-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Later matches and departure from England\nThe Natives remained in London following the England match. They defeated London Welsh on 18 February, before losing first to Cambridge, then Oxford University. From there they travelled north and won two matches before losing to Leigh. After a win over Runcorn, there was a defeat to Oldham, played on a ground Eyton said was so frozen it was dangerous. After reversing their previous loss to Halifax with a 6\u20130 win, the Natives suffered a loss to Barrow and District on 7 March. The New Zealanders then had a run of seven straight wins before a 1\u20131 draw with Hull. Widnes were then defeated for the second time in two weeks in the tourists' last match in northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0029-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Later matches and departure from England\nThe team struggled to find an opponent for their final match in Britain. They eventually played Southern Counties, and beat them 3\u20131. This was their 74th match in the British Isles and their 49th victory. The authorities and press in London continued to view the team negatively, and the Natives boarded ship without a formal farewell. This perceived affront from the RFU provoked some criticism from the press outside London, as well as from the team manager Scott, who felt that with the team's official apology after the England match, the controversy should have put to rest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0030-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Australia\nThe majority of the Natives left Plymouth on 29 March (Eyton and Pie Wynyard followed a week later). They arrived in Melbourne in May, where the team played mostly Victorian Rules football, hoping to make more money that way. Although the side had employed Jack Lawlor to coach them in Victorian Rules during their tour of the British Isles, the heavy schedule and high injury count had left little time and energy for such training.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0030-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Australia\nAs a result, the Victorian Rules matches were a failure; the players' unfamiliarity with the rules, combined with the fact that most of the Natives were rugby forwards (and therefore less suited to the more open Victorian Rules), ensured that they failed to perform well on the field and struggled to attract large crowds. The side played nine Victorian Rules matches in total, including one in New South Wales, but won only three of them, all against relatively weak opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0031-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Australia\nThe side's success in their rugby matches contrasted to their failure in Victorian Rules\u00a0\u2013 the New Zealanders played three rugby matches while in Victoria: against Melbourne, a Navy selection, and Victoria. The matches were all won, with their game against Victoria a 19\u20130 victory. After this they left for Sydney for further rugby matches, and defeated New South Wales 12\u20139. After two further victories, the side again faced New South Wales, and won the match 16\u201312. Another two victories followed, before the team played their only association football matches of the tour\u00a0\u2013 both defeats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0032-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Australia\nThe team travelled north to Queensland, where, as in New South Wales, rugby was the dominant code of football. Consequently, the team exclusively played rugby while in the region. The Natives faced Queensland at the Association Ground in Brisbane. The 8000 spectators witnessed the New Zealanders overwhelm the Queenslanders to win 22\u20130; the Natives did not exert themselves in the win, and the score did not reflect their dominance. After a further two matches, against Toowoomba and Ipswich (both of whom were comfortably defeated), the team returned to Brisbane for a rematch with Queensland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0032-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Australia\nIn contrast to their first meeting, the first half was a close affair, and the two sides were tied at the conclusion of the half. Billy Warbrick suffered a kick to the head, and had to retire early in the second-half. Following the loss of Warbrick, the play of the Natives improved and they recovered to win 11\u20137. Not long after the game concluded rumours circulated that some of the players had been offered \u00a350 by bookmakers to throw the game. Eyton later said:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0033-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Australia\nIt was on the occasion of this match that four of our players were thought, in racing parlance, to be playing \"stiff\", and that they had been got by some bookies; at all events, when accused of it at half-time and cautioned, they played a different game in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0034-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Australia\nThe response from the team's management was to suspend four players. The team travelled to Toowoomba, where they defeated the locals 19\u20130. The Natives included a replacement player for only the second time, Henry Speakman, after the suspensions reduced the playing strength of the side. The team then travelled back to New Zealand, and arrived in Invercargill on 5 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0035-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Return to New Zealand\nTwo days after their return, the Natives faced Southland, who they defeated 5\u20131 in front of a crowd of 2,000. The side suffered further injury, to Harry Lee, and recruited Southlander W. Hirst for their match against Mataura District on 8 August. Despite playing the match two players down, the Natives comfortably defeated Mataura 16\u20133. Following the side's return to New Zealand, the Otago Rugby Football Union demanded that the team's management explain the accusations levelled at them in Queensland. Eyton responded by insisting that the players had only been suspended while an investigation was conducted, and that the management was confident no wrongdoing had occurred. The Northern Rugby Union (since renamed Queensland Rugby Union) summarised the incident and aftermath in the 1889 Queensland Rugby Union Annual:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 887]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0036-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Return to New Zealand\n... it was apparent to a judge of the game that something was wrong with the Maori, as they were not showing their usual dash and combination. Four members of the team were suspended, a charge being made against them of attempting the sell the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0036-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Return to New Zealand\nThe matter was brought before the Otago Union, who passed the following resolution: That, having heard all available evidence regarding the charges against certain members of the Native Team, and having received an explicit denial of charges from the accused members and a satisfactory explanation from the management, we are of opinion that there are no facts before us justifying the allegations ...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0037-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Return to New Zealand\nIt is unlikely, given the attitude of the Otago Rugby Union to the Natives before their departure, that they would have dismissed the allegations if incriminating evidence had existed. The side was back to full strength following the return of their suspended players when the side faced Otago in Dunedin. The Natives outscored their opponents five tries to two, and won 11\u20138. The side's star player and half-back, Keogh, stayed in Dunedin when the team departed for Christchurch. The side faced Hawke's Bay, who were touring, in Christchurch, and handily defeated them 13\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0037-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Return to New Zealand\nThe Natives' play was praised by The Press: \"... the wearers of the black passed with remarkable accuracy and quickness between their legs, over their shoulders, under their arms and with their feet\". The side then faced Canterbury on 17 August, who they thrashed 15\u20130. The report published in The Press said of the Natives' performance:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0038-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Return to New Zealand\nThe play showed on Saturday afternoon was a fine exhibition of what several months of combination and practice will do ...it must be admitted they were far and away too good for our local men. In the loose, in the scrum, dribbling, passing, collaring, or running they were very much indeed Canterbury's superior.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0038-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Return to New Zealand\nSuch runs as were made by Warbrick at full back, by Madigan, Gage, and W. Wynyard, the passing of H. Wynyard, F. Warbrick, and all the backs as well as several forwards, the rushes of Alf Warbrick, Maynard, Taare, Taiaroa, and Rene, and the dodging and fending powers of nearly every one, nonplussed their opponents...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0039-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Return to New Zealand\nThe side left Christchurch and travelled north where they played Wairarapa in Masterton. The match was won 10\u20138, and the next day they faced Wellington, who they also defeated. The fixture against Wellington was nearly abandoned because Scott and the Wellington Rugby Union could not agree on a venue; the match went ahead only when the Wellington officials agreed to cede the Natives all profit from the match. After this the Natives travelled to Auckland where they played their last match, against the province on 24 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0039-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Return to New Zealand\nThe match was lost 7\u20132 after each team scored two tries each, but the Aucklanders kicked a drop-goal and a conversion. The loss ended a remarkable run of matches\u00a0\u2013 the Natives had a 31-game unbeaten streak in rugby matches that started with their victory over Widnes on 9 March; the side won 30, and drew one match between the defeats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0040-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Impact and legacy\nThe tour had a significant impact on the development of rugby within New Zealand. It was the first tour of the British Isles by a team from the Southern Hemisphere, and the longest in the history of the sport. By the time the Natives returned to New Zealand, they had developed into a side superior to any in the country, and introduced a number of tactical innovations. Seventeen of the 26 players went on to play provincially in New Zealand, and two, Ellison and David Gage, subsequently captained New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 59], "content_span": [60, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0041-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Impact and legacy\nThe tour also prompted the eventual formation of the New Zealand Rugby Football Union (NZRFU, later renamed New Zealand Rugby) in 1892; one reason for its formation was to ensure greater control over any future touring New Zealand sides. The NZRFU sent an officially sanctioned New Zealand team, captained by Ellison, to tour Australia in 1893. The Natives are also the forefathers of the M\u0101ori All Blacks, a representative team organised by the NZRFU, that first played in 1910. The Native team, along with Joe Warbrick, was inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame in 2008\u00a0\u2013 the seventh inductee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 59], "content_span": [60, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0042-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Squad\nThe squad consisted of 26 players. The exact names of several of the players is unknown. The number of matches played is a minimum number only\u00a0\u2013 the line-ups for a number of matches in Britain and Australia are either incomplete or unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 47], "content_span": [48, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0043-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Matches played, Matches against national teams, Ireland\nIreland: T Edwards, DC Woods, A Walpole, MJ Bulger, J Stevenson, RG Warren capt., HW Andrews, EG Forrest, JH O'Conor, JG Moffatt, JN Lytle, J Waites, R Stevenson, JC Jameson, FO Stoker", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 97], "content_span": [98, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0044-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Matches played, Matches against national teams, Ireland\nNew Zealand Natives: Billy Warbrick, David Gage, Edward McCausland, Frederick Warbrick, Patrick Keogh, Tabby Wynyard, Charles Madigan, William Elliot, George Williams, Dick Taiaroa, Thomas Ellison, W Anderson, Joe Warbrick, Richard Maynard, Charles Goldsmith", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 97], "content_span": [98, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0045-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Matches played, Matches against national teams, Wales\nWales: Jim Webb (Newport), George Thomas (Newport), Dickie Garrett (Penarth), Charlie Arthur (Cardiff), Norman Biggs (Cardiff), Charlie Thomas (Newport), William Stadden (Cardiff), Frank Hill (Cardiff) capt., Alexander Bland (Cardiff), Sydney Nicholls (Cardiff), Jim Hannan (Newport), Theo Harding (Newport), William Towers (Swansea), William Bowen (Swansea), Dan Griffiths, (Llanelli)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 95], "content_span": [96, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0046-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Matches played, Matches against national teams, Wales\nNew Zealand Natives: Billy Warbrick, Edward McCausland, William Thomas Wynyard, David Gage, William Elliot, Frederick Warbrick, Patrick Keogh, George Wynyard, Alexander Webster, Teo Rene, George Williams, Arthur Warbrick, David Stewart, Wi Karauria, Thomas Ellison", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 95], "content_span": [96, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0047-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Matches played, Matches against national teams, England\nEngland: Arthur \"Artie\" V. Royle, John William \"J.W.\" Sutcliffe, Andrew Stoddart, Richard \"Dicky\" Evison Lockwood, William Martin Scott, Fernand \"Fred\" Bonsor capt., Frank Evershed, Donald \"Don\" Jowett, Charles Anderton, Harry James Wilkinson, Harry Bedford, William Yiend, John W. Cave, Frederick Lowrie, Arthur Robinson", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 97], "content_span": [98, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028443-0048-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 New Zealand Native football team, Matches played, Matches against national teams, England\nNew Zealand Natives: Billy Warbrick, Edward McCausland, Tabby Wynyard, Charles Madigan, William Elliot, David Gage, Patrick Keogh, George Wynyard, Teo Rene, Harry Lee, Thomas Ellison, George Williams, W Anderson, Dick Taiaroa, Richard Maynard", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 97], "content_span": [98, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028444-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was Newton Heath's first season of league football, having become a founder member of the Combination in the summer of 1888. The Combination was created as an alternative to the Football League, but its first season was never completed and the league folded in April 1889. This was unfortunate for Newton Heath, as they were considered to have the best record in the league at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028444-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season\nAs well as taking part in league football for the first time, the Heathens also made their traditional entry to the Manchester and District Challenge Cup. They had reached the final in each of their four previous entries, and the 1888\u201389 season was to be no different. Newton Heath took on Hooley Hill in the final at Whalley Range, beating them 7\u20130 to win the competition for the third time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028445-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Notts County F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was Notts County's first season in the Football League which had just been founded. Because of this Notts County became one of the founder members of the Football League. They finished in 11th position level on points with bottom of the table Stoke and were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028445-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Notts County F.C. season, Final league table\nKey: P = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028446-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Preston North End F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was Preston North End's first season in the Football League, which had just been founded. Because of this Preston became one of the founder members of the Football League. Preston were very successful during the season as they went on to claim the league and cup double without being defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028447-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season is the 15th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028448-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\n1888\u20131889 marked the third season of the club that was to become Arsenal F.C.. After the flooding of the Sportsman's Ground, they moved to the nearby Manor Field, using the Lord Derby Pub as a headquarters, and the Railway Tavern as a dressing room. The team competed in the Kent Senior Cup (KSC) for the first time, as well as making their second appearance in the London Senior Cup, reaching the semi-finals of the latter competition. David Danskin continued as captain throughout the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028448-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Royal Arsenal F.C. season, Players\nBelow is a list of all players who made a registered appearance in the 1888\u201389 season, along with their appearances, and goals scored. Out of 33 games played, 20 complete line-ups were recorded, with partial records for another 8. Bold indicates that a player was making his debut for Royal Arsenal F.C. that season. Goalkeepers are marked in Italics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028448-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Royal Arsenal F.C. season, Matches\nA total of 34 games were played over the season, of which 7 were competitive cup fixtures, with the other 26 being friendlies. Over the course of the season, the Royal Arsenal  recorded 17 Wins, 6 Draws and 10 losses, with 1 result unrecorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028449-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1888\u201389 Rugby Union County Championship was the inaugural edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028449-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Rugby Union County Championship\nYorkshire won the competition for the first time. They were declared the champion county after finishing the season undefeated and were selected to play the Rest of England in the end of season county fixtures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028450-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Scottish Cup\nThe 1888\u201389 Scottish Cup was the 16th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. 3rd Lanark RV beat Glasgow rivals Celtic (making their Cup d\u00e9but) 2\u20131 in a replayed final. The original match was won 3\u20130 by 3rd Lanark RV but the SFA ordered a replay due to the playing conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028450-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 166 teams entered the competition in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028450-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Scottish Cup, First round\nBroughty, Broxburn, Glasgow University, Uddingston, Vale of Leven and 1st Renfrew RV received a bye to the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028450-0003-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Scottish Cup, Second round\nArmadale, Cambuslang Hibernian, Dumbarton, Dunblane, Glasgow University, Irvine and Kirkaldy Wanderers received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028450-0004-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Scottish Cup, Third round\nDunfermline Athletic, Fair City Athletic, Methlan Park and Oban received a bye to the fourth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028450-0005-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Scottish Cup, Fifth round\nCampsie, Dumbarton Athletic and East Stirlingshire received a bye to the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028451-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1888\u201389 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028451-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Scottish Districts season\nIt includes the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028451-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Scottish Districts season, History\nNorth of Scotland District arranged a match with Edinburgh opposition; this time against St. George. However they arrived in Edinburgh with only 14 men. They also planned a match against Glasgow District on 15 December 1888 at the Holburn Ground in Aberdeen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season\n1888\u201389 was the fourth season for St. Mary's Football Club (St. Mary's F.C.) based in Southampton in southern England. The club retained the Hampshire Junior Cup for the second consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nThe highlight of the season was the Hampshire Junior Cup and, in particular, the semi-final match which required four matches to get past Cowes. This match generated so much interest in the town that the crowds at the County Ground reached \"unprecedented\" levels, with some reports claiming up to 7,000 present for the fourth match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nBy the end of the season, the Saints' main local rivals, Woolston Works had disbanded leaving St. Mary's as Southampton's most prominent and well-supported football club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0003-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Personnel\nAt the start of the season, the St. Mary's captain, Ned Bromley had moved to London to study dentistry; his role as captain was taken over by George Carter, although Bromley remained with the club, and continued to play in important matches, travelling from London by train.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0004-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Personnel\nGeorge Muir was on teacher-training at Winchester so relinquished the role of club secretary which was taken over by new recruit, F. A. Delamotte.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0005-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Personnel\nNed Bromley's career came to an end shortly after the 1889 final of the Hampshire Junior Cup, when he was seriously injured in a six-a-side tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0006-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Home ground\nAt the start of the season, St. Mary's were still based on Southampton Common, although they hired the County Ground or the Antelope Ground for more popular friendly matches, as well as for Hampshire Junior Cup matches, for which the common was unsuitable as the pitch was not enclosed and thus no entrance fee could be charged. The published match reports frequently omitted any mention of where the match was played or of the names of the players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0007-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Strip\nThe players continued to wear white shorts, black knee-length socks and \"white tunics\" with a red sash worn diagonally, although, unlike in earlier years, the sash was worn consistently on the left shoulder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0008-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nThe defence of the Hampshire Junior Cup started with a home match against Havant played at the County Ground on 24 November 1888. With Ned Bromley and George Muir  being unavailable as they were both away studying, the Saints' team had a rather makeshift appearance with A. A. Fry playing at full-back in place of Muir, alongside George Carter, Frank Bromley replacing his brother as a forward and four players (Stride, Mate, Delamotte and Farwell) making their competitive debut. The match was won easily 5\u20130, with Frank Bromley scoring four goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0009-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nSt. Mary's received a bye in the next round seeing them through to a home tie against Fordingbridge Turks, the oldest team in Hampshire having been founded in 1868. The match was scheduled to be played on 12 January which coincided with a Hampshire F.A. match against Berks & Bucks F.A. for which four St. Mary's players (Ruffell, Carter, Stride and Ned Bromley) had been selected. St. Mary's tried to have the cup match postponed but Fordingbridge refused so the St. Mary's players were withdrawn from the Hampshire F.A. squad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0009-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nAs a result of the doubt over the date of the match, no ground had been organised; on the Saturday morning, Mr. Oswald, the owner of  the Oswald, Mordaunt & Co. shipyard in Woolston \"kindly allowed them to play at the Antelope\". The shipyard's football team, Woolston Works were now tenants of the Antelope Ground, which stood near the top of St. Mary's Road. The match was a close-fought encounter which St. Mary's won (as reported in the Southampton Times) \"by three goals and one disputed goal to two\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0010-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nThe semi-final draw set up a match against Cowes on the Isle of Wight to be played on 24 February. The Cowes team included five who had previously played for the Hampshire F.A. compared to the four St. Mary's players and were the favourites to go through to the final. The referee for the match was William Pickford, a journalist who was the driving force behind the Hampshire F.A. and the spread of football throughout the county; Pickford was later to become the president of  the Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0010-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nAt half-time, Cowes were leading by the only goal, scored on 20 minutes, after the ball rebounded into the goal off Whiteley, a Cowes forward, from an attempted clearance by Carter. Cowes's main protagonist was Staite, an infantry private stationed at Parkhurst Barracks, whose \"beautiful dribbling\" was causing difficulties for the St. Mary's defence requiring the combined attentions of Carter and Verney (at left-half) to contain him. With only two minutes of the match remaining, St. Mary's equalised from a \"screw shot\" from Farwell. The home side requested that an extra half-hour should be played, but Carter, the St. Mary's captain, declined as the players and fans had to catch the ferry back to Southampton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0011-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nThe replay was set for a fortnight later at the County Ground for which special boats were chartered to bring the Cowes supporters over to the mainland. this time it was St. Mary's who took the lead, through Fry. Staite was again at the centre of the Cowes attacks, hitting the bar with \"a brilliant shot\" before \"scientific play\" on the Cowes wings led to their equaliser from Ballard, with a few minutes left to play. As with the first match, the home side requested extra time, but this was declined by the Cowes captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0012-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nWith a crowd estimated at 2,000 having attended the first replay, the Hampshire County Cricket Club offered to host the second replay at the County Ground and pay the travelling expenses for the Cowes players. Despite this proposal, and suggestions that the match should be played at a more neutral venue in Winchester or Portsmouth, the Hampshire F.A. decided that the venue should be determined by the toss of a coin. St. Mary's won the toss so the second replay was arranged for the County Ground on Wednesday 13 March. As the final was scheduled to be played the following Saturday, the Hampshire F.A. instructed that the match must produce a finalist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0013-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nBy now, the contest between the two clubs had produced great excitement amongst the public, and the crowd at the County Ground on the Wednesday afternoon was considerably larger than that on the previous Saturday. Cowes took an early lead through their centre-forward, Trask, before Bromley equalised. Warn then scored what appeared to be the winning goal for St. Mary's. The ball appeared to be \"half a yard\" behind the line before it was caught and thrown out by Lieverman, the Cowes goalkeeper. The home players claimed the goal, which was contested by Cowes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0013-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nThe referee consulted the linesman and awarded the goal. The Hampshire Independent reported that, following the dispute, \"the excitement ... increased both inside and outside the ropes\" although there was no further score. It seemed, therefore, that St. Mary's were through to the final until Cowes lodged a written protest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0013-0002", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nCowes's initial protest, on the grounds that the linesman had not raised his flag until after the St. Mary's players appealed, was rejected by the Hampshire F.A. Cowes then lodged a further protest, that, before the referee had actually awarded the goal, the linesman had stopped the ball with his flag even though the ball was technically still in play. Despite St. Mary's challenge to the admissibility of new evidence, the protest was heard and accepted, so the two sides had to meet again to decide the tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0014-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nSt. Mary's again won the toss and the rematch was played at the County Ground on the following Saturday, 16 March, with the final being postponed. With excitement in both Southampton and Cowes mounting further, over 800 supporters crossed from the Isle of Wight with the total crowd being estimated variously at 5,000 and 7,000, including \"over 1,000 ladies\". The players were also \"fired up\" for the rematch and Lieverman was kept busy in the Cowes goal until Fry eventually scrambled the ball home from a Verney corner kick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0014-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nSt. Mary's lead was soon doubled when Verney shot as a team-mate charged the goalkeeper, allowing the ball to slip into the net. In the second half, Cowes came back strongly with Staite scoring after a \"dazzling run\". The St. Mary's defence prevented any further goals from Cowes, before two late goals from Delamotte. The first came after a shot from Fry hit the crossbar and dropped onto Delamotte's head, while the second came from a \"vigorous\" shot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0015-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nThe final was held at Bar End, in Winchester against Christchurch on 6 April. After the excitement of the semi-final round, the final was an anti-climax. Most of the game was played deep in the Christchurch half; so much so, that Ruffell in the St. Mary's goal \"was enabled to get through a cigarette or two to pass away the tedious moments he had in goal\". St. Mary's won 3\u20130, with the goals coming from Delamotte, N. Bromley and Warn. No estimate of the crowd was included in any match report, although it was reckoned that two-thirds of the crowd came from Southampton. \"What happened on arrival at Southampton Docks (station) can be better imagined than described, but jubilation is not precisely the word for it\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0016-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nAt the end of the season, the Bournemouth Guardian, edited by William Pickford, concluded that St. Mary's cup progress had \"aroused the widest enthusiasm in the county and resulted in such large gates that the County Association certainly owes a debt of gratitude to either them or Cowes or both for raising them from a hand-to-mouth state of existence to that of having a satisfactory balance in the bank\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0017-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Friendly matches\nSt. Mary's continued to play friendly matches throughout the season, although reports are not available for many of these. Despite their domination in the Hampshire Junior Cup matches, the team lost four friendlies and only managed two victories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0018-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Friendly matches, Results\nThe results of the friendly matches that are known were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0019-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Player statistics\nThe players who appeared in  the Hampshire Junior Cup were as follows. This list does not include appearances or goals in friendly matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028452-0020-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 St. Mary's F.C. season, Players\nThe players who made their first appearance for the club in 1888\u201389 include the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028453-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Stoke F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was Stoke's first season in the Football League, Stoke becoming one of the 12 founder members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028453-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Stoke F.C. season\nThere was a major change to English football in 1888\u201389 following the formation of the Football League. Stoke successfully joined the league along with 11 other professional football clubs. Managed by Harry Lockett Stoke struggled throughout the season and ended up finishing bottom of the table after managing just four victories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028453-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nPrior to the 1888\u201389 season clubs played in friendlies, Staffordshire Senior Cup and in the FA Cup which Stoke entered for the first time in 1883. However once a team has been knocked out of the cup there was little excitement for players and supporters and so a league format was advocated by the chairman of Aston Villa, William McGregor and in the spring of 1888 the Football League was formed with McGregor as its first president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028453-0002-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nHarry Lockett represented Stoke at the meeting in Anderton's Hall Hotel, London and was successful as three weeks later Stoke joined the league and Lockett was appointed as the league's first secretary which he went on to occupy from 1888 to 1902. Stoke's first league match was at the Victoria Ground against midlands rivals and FA Cup holders West Bromwich Albion. A crowd in excess of 4,500 attended the contest which was won 2\u20130 by the visitors thanks to late goals from Joe Wilson and George Woodhall which meant that the \"Baggies\" were the first side to be top of the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028453-0003-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nStoke had the misfortune to finish bottom of the table, albeit on goal-average at the end of the first league season after only winning 4 of their 22 matches. These were 3\u20130 both home and away over Notts County the team who finished level on points with Stoke, 4\u20133 v Burnley and 2\u20131 against Blackburn Rovers. Frank Staton had the honour of scoring the club's first league goal which came in a 5\u20131 loss at Aston Villa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028453-0003-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nStoke's first win was against Notts County on 22 September with two goals from Billy Tunncliffe and a strike from the clubs first Scottish player Bob McSkimming who went on be the leading goalscorer with six. Stoke's heaviest defeat was a 7\u20130 loss away at the eventual winners of both League and cup Preston North End. Two Stoke players failed to board the train on the morning of that game at Deepdale and so Preston agreed to loan two of their reserves (Bill Smalley and Alfred Dempsey) to make up the numbers. Alf Underwood and Bob McSkimming were Stoke's only ever-presents and Bill Rowley only missed one game. Stoke successfully applied for re-election to along with Burnley, Derby County and Notts County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028453-0004-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nOn the same day as the first qualifying round Stoke's first team had an away match against Preston North End so Stoke's reserve side, the Stoke Swifts played the FA Cup tie against Warwick County which they lost 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028454-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Welsh Cup\nThe 1888\u201389 FAW Welsh Cup was the 12th edition of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales. The competition was won by Bangor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028454-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Welsh Cup, First round, Group Three\nVale of Llangollen receive a bye to the next round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028454-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Welsh Cup, Second round\nBangor receive a bye to the next round1 Match protested regarding poor light, re-play was organised2 Match protested regarding ineligible man, re-play was organised", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028454-0003-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Welsh Cup, Third round\nChirk AAA receive bye to next round1 match protested, re-play was organised", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028455-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was the 11th season in the history of West Bromwich Albion, as well as their first season in the newly formed Football League, of which they were a founder member. They finished in 6th position with 22 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028456-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was the first season of competitive league football in the history of English football club Wolverhampton Wanderers. They played in the inaugural season of the newly formed Football League. The club finished in third place in the league, and as runners-up in the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028456-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe team scored the first goal in Football League history when they took the lead against Aston Villa on the league's opening day. This match, as with all other home games for Wolves, was staged at Dudley Road in Wolverhampton, the only league campaign in which the club have not been based at Molineux.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028456-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Results, Football League\nA total of twelve teams competed in the inaugural Football League in the 1888\u201389 season. Each team would play every other team twice, once at their stadium, and once at the opposition's. Two points were awarded to teams for each win, one point per draw, and none for defeats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 69], "content_span": [70, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028457-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 in English football\nThe 1888\u201389 season was the 18th season of competitive association football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028457-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 in English football, Overview\nA new competition, The Football League, started this season. The Football League was open to clubs all over the United Kingdom, but the first twelve entrants (Accrington, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Bolton Wanderers, Burnley, Derby County, Everton, Notts County, Preston North End, Stoke (now Stoke City), West Bromwich Albion and Wolverhampton Wanderers) were all from the Midlands or North of England (in later years the competition became the de facto English league, though some clubs from outside England still compete in it).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028457-0001-0001", "contents": "1888\u201389 in English football, Overview\nEach club in the League played each other twice (once at home and once away) and would be awarded two points for a win, one for a draw and none for a loss. From these points, a league table was drawn up. Preston North End were in first place at the end of the season and thus became the first ever Football League champions. They did not lose a match all season (a feat only accomplished once since, by Arsenal in 2003\u201304) and also won the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028457-0002-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 in English football, Overview\nThe Football League is still going today and now has 72 clubs in three divisions (down from an all-time high of 92 clubs in four divisions). Since the 1992\u201393 season, it has become only the second-most important league competition, behind the FA Premier League in the English football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028457-0003-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 in English football, National team\nEngland finished second in the 1888\u201389 British Home Championship, which was won by Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028457-0004-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 in English football, National team\nJohn Yates, of Burnley, scored 3 goals against Ireland in his only appearance for England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028458-0000-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 in Scottish football\nThe 1888\u201389 season was the 16th season of competitive football in Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028458-0001-0000", "contents": "1888\u201389 in Scottish football, Glasgow Exhibition Cup\nHeld to coincide with the International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry, this early season competition was won by Cowlairs, beating Celtic in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028459-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\n1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1889th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 889th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 89th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  10th  and last year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1889, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028460-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1889 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the third staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. Tipperary were the champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028460-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Format\nOnly two provincial championship were played: Leinster and Munster. The winners met in the All-Ireland final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028460-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Representative clubs\nFrom 1887 until 1891 the club champions represented the whole county.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 67], "content_span": [68, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028460-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, Leinster\nThe Wicklow\u2013Laois game was later ordered to be played again, and so the final had to be played again as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 64], "content_span": [65, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028461-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1889 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the second All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1889 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Tipperary were the winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028461-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe Laois (Queens County) team that lost to Tipperary were from the Portlaoise club. They are the only team in history not to get a single score in an All\u2013Ireland football final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028461-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nIt was Tipperary's first All-Ireland football title: they would win three more in 1895, 1900 and 1920. Football has since declined in the county, with hurling now being more prominent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028462-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the third staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 27 July 1889 and ended on 3 November 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028462-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nTipperary were the defending champions; however, they were defeated in the provincial series. Dublin won the title following a 5-1 to 1-6 defeat of Clare in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028462-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nA total of ten teams contested the championship, one less than the previous year. It was the first championship to be completed since 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028462-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nThe Leinster championship was contested by just four teams; however, due to walkovers and disputes, only one game was played. 1888 championship participants Kildare did not field a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028462-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nAll six counties entered a team in the Munster championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028462-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nOnce again, the hurling championship was not contested in either Connacht or Ulster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028463-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match that was played at St.Patrick's GAA Field, Dublin on 1 November 1889 to determine the winners of the 1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the second season of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion teams of Leinster and Munster. The final was contested by Dublin of Leinster and Clare of Munster, with Dublin winning by 5\u20131 to 1\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028463-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe All-Ireland final between Clare and Dublin was a unique occasion as it was the first championship meeting between the two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028464-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 American Cup\nThe 1889 American Cup was the fifth edition of the soccer tournament organized by the American Football Association. The Fall River Rovers won their second consecutive title by defeating the Newark Caledonians in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028464-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 American Cup, Participants\nNewcomers to the tournament were the Paterson Rangers and Trenton Rovers. Absent was the Ansonia team while New York was defunct and the Kearny Rangers had amalgamated with ONT.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028464-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 American Cup, First round\nThe Fall River Olympics drew a first round bye. The first game between the Almas and Paterson was not completed due to the ball bursting early in the second half. Paterson refused to continue so Alma claimed the contest. However, after a meeting of the delegates it was decided that the game should be replayed because the game had started without a referee in the first place. Clark ONT was awarded their replay match as a result of Trenton Rovers failure to appear.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028464-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 American Cup, First round\nProvidence: GK Bailey, DF G.Clegg, McDonald, MF Davina, Cook, Start, FW Thorney, Cook, Axon, Brennan, Healabourn. Pawtucket: GK Watmouth, DF H.Stuart, A.Love, MF J.Dalton, F.Finn, D.Smith, FW Hardy, Mullarkey, Murray, Sandilands, Fd.Lennox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028464-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 American Cup, First round, replays\nCaledonian- GK J.Thompson, DF J.Byrne, D.Gloak, MF W.Barr, R.McDonald, W.Hood, FW R.McWilliams, T.Hendry, R.Barr, W.Thornton, J.Heron. Tiffany- GK W.Healy, DF T.Crann, M.Flannery, MF D.McCune, E.Hinkley, J.Singleton, FW J.Jeffs, M.Downs, A.Hinkley, T.Flynn, J.Norton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028464-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 American Cup, Second round\nRovers: GK Shea, DF Harwood, Fagan, MF Bradley, Waring, Lonsdale, FW Bell, Bruckshaw, Buckley, Bell, Cornell. Olympics: GK Brackell, DF Williamson, Lee, MF Tomlinson, Pilling, Brown, FW Hoctor, Corbet, Taylor, Ingham, Randall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028464-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 American Cup, Second round\nAlma: GK F.Farrow, DF E.Morton, G.Wright, MF J.Britchford, J.Hood, R.Patterson, FW J.Gray, P.Brennan, H.Shaw, Walter Taylor, J.Smith. Caledonian: GK J.Thompson, DF G.Gloak, J.Brown, MF W.Barr, R.McDonald, W.Stalker, FW R.McWilliams, T.Hendry, J.McCormack, J.Williamson, R.Barr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028465-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Amherst football team\nThe 1889 Amherst football team was an American football team that represented the Amherst College during the 1889 college football season. The team compiled a 3\u20135\u20132 record and was outscored by a total of 198 to 173.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028466-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Apia cyclone\nThe 1889 Apia cyclone was a tropical cyclone in the South Pacific Ocean, which swept across Apia, Samoa on March 15, 1889, during the Samoan crisis. The effect on shipping in the harbour was devastating, largely because of what has been described as \"an error of judgement that will forever remain a paradox in human psychology\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028466-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Apia cyclone, The growing storm\nEvents ashore had led to upheaval in the Pacific nations and colonies. Both the United States and Imperial Germany saw this as a potential opportunity to expand their holdings in the Pacific through gunboat diplomacy. In order to be ready should such an opportunity arise, both nations had dispatched squadrons to the town to investigate the situation and act accordingly. A British ship was also present, ostensibly to observe the actions of the other nations during the Samoan upheavals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028466-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Apia cyclone, The growing storm\nDuring the days preceding the cyclone of March 15, increasing signs were visible of the impending disaster. March was cyclone season in this area, and Apia had been hit by a cyclone just three years previously, which the captains of the ships heard about from local people, especially as the weather began to change and the atmospheric pressure began to fall. The captains were experienced Pacific seamen, as were many members of their crews, and they all saw the approaching signs of impending disaster, just as they knew that the only chance they had of riding out the 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h) winds was to take to the open sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028466-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Apia cyclone, The growing storm\nApia is an exposed harbour, unprotected by high ground or an enclosing reef. The northern part of the harbour is open to the Pacific, and thus wind and waves can sweep through the area and drive any shipping which remained in the bay onto the reefs at the Southern end, or toss them right up the beach. However, even though the officers of the various navies were well aware of the necessary procedures in the face of such a threat, none made a move.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028466-0003-0001", "contents": "1889 Apia cyclone, The growing storm\nThis has been attributed to jingoism or national pride; none of the men in the harbour was willing to admit in front of the other nations' navies that they were afraid of the elements, and so refused to take precautions, and refused to allow the merchant ships which accompanied them to move either, leaving thirteen ships, some larger vessels, at anchor close to one another in Apia harbour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028466-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Apia cyclone, The cyclone\nWhen the cyclone struck the result was catastrophic. The local people had taken themselves to safety well before the storm struck, but the ships in the bay only began to evacuate at the very last minute, and thus were crowding towards the entrance to the bay when the hurricane hit. Only HMS\u00a0Calliope escaped, making less than one knot against the oncoming wind and sea; she dragged herself to the open sea, despite being less than six feet from a reef at one point. Once out at sea she was easily able to ride out the ensuing winds. Her survival is attributed to her size (2,227\u00a0tons) and her more powerful and modern engines, built only five years before, as compared to the ten or twenty years for many of the other ships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028466-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Apia cyclone, The cyclone\nAs for the other ships, chaos reigned in the harbour. USS\u00a0Trenton was tossed against the beach in the afternoon, dragged back into the sea and wrecked on a reef at 10\u00a0p.m. that evening, although the majority of her crew survived unhurt and were able to participate in the ensuing rescue operation. USS\u00a0Vandalia was smashed into the same reef in the early afternoon, and her surviving crew spent a miserable day and night clinging to her rigging before being rescued, by which time 43 of her complement had drowned. USS\u00a0Nipsic was thrown high on the beach with eight of her crew missing or dead and her internal systems totally wrecked. She would however later be refloated and eventually reconstructed in Hawaii.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028466-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Apia cyclone, The cyclone\nThe German ships fared much worse: SMS\u00a0Olga came off best, thrown high onto the beach where she was wrecked but many of her crew survived, escaping onto higher ground. SMS\u00a0Adler and SMS\u00a0Eber were less fortunate, because they were caught at the harbour mouth by the initial blow and were bodily picked up and smashed together. Eber sank in deep water, while Adler came to rest on her side, on the reef. In total, 96 men from their crews drowned in the storm, and both ships were totally destroyed. All six of the merchant ships remaining in the harbour were wrecked, and the death toll was well over 200 sailors from several nationalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028466-0007-0000", "contents": "1889 Apia cyclone, The cyclone\nThe incident is often cited as a clear example of the dangers of putting national pride before necessity, especially in the face of natural disaster. The incident did not blunt the Pacific ambitions of any of the imperial powers involved in the disaster. However, the Germans and British continued to make territorial gains amongst the Samoan islands and New Guinea, whilst the United States focused on the Philippines and Micronesia, although more care was taken to respect the weather phenomena of the Pacific from this point on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028466-0008-0000", "contents": "1889 Apia cyclone, Notes\nSome unreferenced and early sources claim that the Olga was a Russian ship, and that the Nipsic was Japanese. This is not true, and is probably caused by those names sounding \"ethnic\" to an uninformed observer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028466-0009-0000", "contents": "1889 Apia cyclone, Notes\nRobert Louis Stevenson wrote an account of this disaster, differing from this article in A footnote to history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028467-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1889 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and the first half of fall in 1889. In the 1889 Atlantic season there were nine tropical storms and six hurricanes. However, due to scarce technology and the fact that only storms that affected populated land or ships were recorded, the actual total could be higher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028467-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nA tropical storm formed on May 16, north of the British Virgin Islands. It strengthened to a Category 1 hurricane, over 400 miles from the coast of Georgia, on May 20. It reached a maximum wind speed of 80\u00a0mph/130\u00a0km/h that evening then curved away from the mainland and dissipated on May 21. This hurricane did not affect land, but was the first May hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin, and remains one of only four such systems known today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028467-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nA tropical storm formed near Cuba on June 15. Later that day it grazed western Cuba as a minimal hurricane, with a maximum wind speed of 75\u00a0mph/120\u00a0km/h. The storm weakened and made landfall in Florida as a tropical storm on June 17. It then paralleled the Georgia and North and South Carolina coasts before dissipating on June 20 in the open Atlantic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028467-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nOn August 19, Hurricane Three formed to the southwest of Haiti, impacting the Caribbean with heavy rain and a five foot storm surge. Three then moved away from the south by a high pressure system and strengthened to a category 1 hurricane to the east of Virginia. The storm took a course 70 miles away from New England and dissipated on August 28. The remnants passed over New York and Maine, dropping rainfall on the area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028467-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nA hurricane formed on September 1 east of Barbados. It moved northwestward, becoming a 100\u00a0mph storm while crossing near Puerto Rico on September 3-4th. Winds of 48\u00a0mph were measured on the island. From September 9 to the 12th it caused flooding and storm surge to the mid Atlantic as it stalled off the coast, causing 40 deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028467-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nA tropical storm formed on September 2 in the mid-Atlantic. The storm travelled to the northwest and increased in strength, reaching wind speeds of 60\u00a0mph/ 95\u00a0km/h by September 4. The storm continued at that intensity on the same track for a further two days. The storm became a category 1 hurricane on September 7 and began curving eastward. Five caused the deaths of four people on a ship on September 8. The storm continued as a hurricane travelling over open ocean until September 10 and dissipated the following day. Hurricane five reached its maximum intensity over the north Atlantic at 70 knots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028467-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nOn September 12, a tropical storm formed over the northern Lesser Antilles. It moved westward across the northern Caribbean, and on the 18th, hit the eastern Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula as a Category\u00a02 hurricane. After weakening over land, it turned northward, where it again strengthened to a Category\u00a02. While moving northeastward over the Gulf of Mexico, it weakened, and hit near Pensacola, Florida on the 23rd. Its minimal intensity at its U.S. landfall resulted in little damage, but Yucat\u00e1n fared a little worse. No damage was severe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028467-0007-0000", "contents": "1889 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven\nThis storm formed near the Cape Verde islands and wiggled its way to the open Atlantic where the cold water and wind shear made the storm dissipate on September 19. This system had winds of 50 knots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028467-0008-0000", "contents": "1889 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nThis storm never touched land and took a sharp turn from land and dissipated on October 6. The system was a borderline hurricane at 60 knots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028467-0009-0000", "contents": "1889 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nine\nA tropical storm formed south of Cuba on October 5 and then made landfall in both Cuba and Florida. It transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 7 just before making landfall in Nova Scotia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028468-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028468-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028468-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028469-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Bashkale clash\nThe Bashkale Resistance (Armenian: 1889 \u0569\u057e\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576\u056b \u0532\u0561\u0577\u056f\u0561\u056c\u0565\u056b \u0562\u0561\u056d\u0578\u0582\u0574) was the bloody encounter between three revolutionaries of Armenakan and some Ottoman officials in May 1889. It is named after the town of Ba\u015fkale in the Van Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire, today in Van Province of Turkey. The event was important as it was reflected on main Armenian newspapers as the recovered documents on the Armenakans showed an extensive plot for an uprising.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028469-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Bashkale clash, The event\nThe comrades Karapet Koulaksizian, Hovhannes Agripasian, and Vardan Goloshian, left the village of Haftvan (Salmast district of Persia), for Van on May 16, 1889. They were stopped near Van by Ottoman police. The police demanded that they disarm to protect the accompanying caravan. In the conflict Goloshian and Agripasian died and Koulaksizian escaped. The police recovered two letters (accompanying documents) addressed to Koulaksizian, one from Avetis Patiguian of London and the other from Mekertitch Portugalian in Marseille.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028469-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Bashkale clash, Reflections\nOttoman Empire believed that the men were members of a large revolutionary apparatus and the discussion was reflected on newspapers, (Eastern Express, Oriental Advertiser, Saadet, and Tarik) and the responses were on the Armenian papers. In some Armenian circles, this event was considered as a martyrdom and brought other armed conflicts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028470-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Belfast North by-election\nThe Belfast North by-election, 1889 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Belfast North on 12 August 1889. The vacancy arose because of the death of the sitting member, Sir William Ewart of the Conservative party. Only one candidate was nominated, the shipbuilder Edward James Harland, also a Conservative, who was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028471-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Birthday Honours\nThe 1889 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published in the London Gazette on 24 May 1889 and in The Times on 25 May 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028471-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028472-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Boston Beaneaters season\nThe 1889 Boston Beaneaters season was the nineteenth season of the franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028472-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028472-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028472-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028472-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028472-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028473-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1889 saw the reelection of Thomas N. Hart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028474-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Brecknockshire County Council election\nThe first election to Brecknockshire County Council was held in January 1889. It was followed by the 1892 election. The county was divided into numerous single member wards with two or more councillors elected to represent some urban wards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028474-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Brecknockshire County Council election, Overview of the result\nBreconshire was the only county in Wales to be captured by the Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 67], "content_span": [68, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028475-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Brighton by-election\nThe Brighton by-election of 1889 was held on 25 October 1889 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP William Tindal Robertson. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Gerald Loder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028476-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season\nThe 1889 Brooklyn Bridegrooms won the American Association championship by two games over the St. Louis Browns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028476-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028476-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028476-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts; CG = Complete games", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028476-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028476-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season, 1889 World Series\nThe Bridegrooms played in the 1889 World Series representing the American Association against the New York Giants, champions of the National League. The Giants won the series, 6 games to 3. This series would be the first meeting between these two historic rivals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028477-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1889 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University in the 1889 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028478-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Buckingham by-election\nThe 1889 Buckingham by-election was held on 11 October 1889 after the incumbent Conservative MP, Egerton Hubbard succeeded to a peerage as the second Baron Addington. The seat was won by the Liberal candidate Edmund Verney who would later be expelled causing a by-election in 1891. The Conservative candidate, Evelyn Hubbard was the younger brother of the outgoing MP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028479-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Calgary municipal election\nThe 1889 Calgary municipal election was scheduled for January 7, 1889 to elect a Mayor and six Councillors to sit on the fifth Calgary Town Council from January 21, 1889 to January 20, 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028479-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Calgary municipal election\nAcclamation were declared in all seats upon close of nominations on December 31, 1888 so no election was held. The Calgary Weekly Herald praised the acclamation as evidence the town has reached a point where \"citizens can bring themselves to forget past differences and rise superior to those bitter factional prejudices which have prevailed in the past\" Prior to nominations for the election a group of local businessmen proposed a slate of candidates at a public meeting, and spread word that the candidates should not be challenged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028480-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1889 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1889 college football season. All scheduled games were cancelled due to excessive rains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028481-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiff County Borough Council election\nThe 1889 Cardiff County Borough Council election was held on Friday 1 November 1889 to elect councillors to Cardiff County Borough Council in Cardiff, Wales. These were the first all-Cardiff elections since the creation of the county borough. The previous full elections were to Cardiff Town Council in November 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028481-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Background\nCardiff had become a county borough on 1 April 1889 as a result of the Local Government Act 1888. With its municipal year running from November, the November 1889 elections were the first all-Cardiff elections in the town since becoming a county borough. Not all council seats were up for election, because councillors stood down for election in rotation. The next all-Cardiff election took place on 1 November 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028481-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Background\nIn 1889 the council consisted of 30 councillors who were elected by the town's voters and ten aldermen who were elected by the councillors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028481-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Overview of the result\nContests took place in only two wards, the West ward and the Canton ward, which both elected two councillors. There were contrasting results in these wards, which the South Wales Daily News put down largely to the winning side being better organised, generally with more vehicles available to carry voters to the polling stations. In the West ward, Conservative candidate Mr E.J. Smith was president of the local Lincensed Victuallers Association, so secured the support of every publican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028481-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Overview of the result\nThe correspondent in the South Wales Daily News points to the recent South ward by-election, which had happened only five weeks beforehand and should have been a warning to the Liberals in the November election. The South ward by-election took place on 23 September in the docks area of the town and had been won by the Conservative candidate, their first representation in the ward since before 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election\nThe first election to the Cardiganshre County Council was held in January 1889. It was followed by the 1892 election. The county was divided into numerous single member wards with two councillors elected to represent Cardigan, Lampeter, New Quay and Llandysul, and four to represent the town of Aberystwyth. 37 Liberals, 10 Conservatives and 1 Unionist were returned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Overview of the Result\n1889 was one of those landmark years in the history of Welsh Liberalism, a coming of age symbolized by the triumph across Wales of Liberal candidates in the inaugural county council elections. Nowhere was this more striking than in Cardiganshire, where a little over twenty years previously the evictions controversy had been at its most apparent. Welsh historiography has, likewise, emphasised the contests in Cardiganshire, citing particular contests (such as those noted below), as symbolic of what occurred throughout Wales. If 1868 saw the cracking of the ice, wrote one historian, 1889 was the year of the flood. Only three major landowners were returned, namely Lord Lisburne, Herbert Davies-Evans (the Lord Lieutenant of the County) and J.C. Harford of Falcondale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 839]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Unopposed Returns\nThere were only nine unopposed returns, all of whom were Liberals with the exception of Lord Lisburne in Strata Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 61], "content_span": [62, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Contested Elections\nThere were a large number of contested elections and the majorities were small in most instances. In most cases there were contests between Liberal and Conservative candidates. In some wards, a form of 'primary' election took place to decide upon who should run as the Liberal candidate, although in others Liberal candidates fought each other. There were fewer instances where two Conservatives contested a seat. While many wards were hotly contested and the majorities small, in single figures in some instances, the Liberals could be considered to have scored a landslide victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 63], "content_span": [64, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0003-0001", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Contested Elections\nSome of the victories have been regarded as an illustration of the social changes that had taken place in the county. At Devil's Bridge, T.J. Waddingham of Hafod was defeated by the local postmaster; in Bow Street, a coal merchant (and grandfather of Elystan Morgan, later the only Labour MP to represent the county) defeated Henry Bonsall of Clarach; while in Troedyraur, Sir Marteine Lloyd, a former Conservative parliamentary candidate was defeated by a local farmer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 63], "content_span": [64, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Contested Elections\nThe local Conservative-inclined newspapers, notably the Aberystwyth Observer emphasised that local authorities were intended to be non-political and that \u2018the best men\u2019 should be elected. A few Conservative candidates, who were usually landlords, scored personal victories against the tide. Most notably the Lord Lieutenant, H. Davies-Evans won by 27 votes in Llanwenog and in neighbouring Lampeter, J.C. Harford of Falcondale had a majority of 14 over the Liberal candidate, local doctor Abel Evans. In Llanfarian two Conservatives faced each other, with Morris Davies holding off the future Liberal MP for the county, Vaughan Davies of Tanybwlch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 63], "content_span": [64, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Contested Elections\nThe contest at Aberystwyth, which led to the return of four Liberal candidates, was considered to be somewhat quiet compared with municipal contests. In Cardigan, nominally the county town, a closely fought contest led to the return of the Conservative candidate, Picton Evans and one of the two Liberals, the former Liberal Unionist Levi James.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 63], "content_span": [64, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Contested Elections\nIn some wards, such as Aberaeron and Borth, there was more excitement, with bonfires being lit to celebrate the return of the successful candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 63], "content_span": [64, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0007-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Summary of Results\nThis section summarises the detailed results which are noted in the following sections. This was the inaugural county election and therefore no comparison can be made with the previous elections. In some cases there is an ambiguity in the sources over the party affiliations and this is explained below where relevant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 62], "content_span": [63, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0008-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Summary of Results\nThis table summarises the result of the elections in all wards. 48 councillors were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 62], "content_span": [63, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0009-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Summary of Results\nThis table summarises the position following the election of aldermen. Eight were elected from among the elected members and eight from outside the council. This brought the total number of councillors and aldermen to 56.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 62], "content_span": [63, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0010-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Summary of Results\nThis table summarises the position following the by-elections for the seats vacated following the election of aldermen. Technically these were new seats, taking the total number of councillors to 64 However, the Liberals defended six seats and the Conservatives two. The Conservatives won the Tregaron seat which was won by a Liberal at the initial election but lost Llanfair Clydogau", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 62], "content_span": [63, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0011-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Results, Aberaeron\nJohn Morgan Howell, an ironmonger and already a prominent figure in the public life of the county, and destined to remain so for many years, was returned with a decisive majority over John Griffiths, Nantgwynfynydd, a farmer. It was reported that, following the declaration of the result, the children of Aberarth British School were marched to the town and, in front of Howell's residence and that of the successful candidate at Aberarth (see below) instructed to give each a hearty cheer, which they did. After dark blue balls were sent off and bonfires were lit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 62], "content_span": [63, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0012-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Results, Aberarth\nJohn Hugh Jones, an Aberaeron draper, defeated T.H. Maddy of Dolaeron, a barrister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 61], "content_span": [62, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0013-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Results, Aberystwyth (four seats)\nThe result in Aberystwyth, after a lively contest, led to the return of the four Liberal candidates. C.M. Williams ( a draper), John James (another tradesman) and George Green (owner of the local foundry) were long-standing members of the Aberystwyth Town Council, the first two being aldermen. The fourth candidate, Thomas Levi, was a well-known figure in cultural and religious circles. John Morgan, who finished bottom of the poll, was the owner of the Aberystwyth Observer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 77], "content_span": [78, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0014-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Results, Blaenporth\nThomas Thomas, a farmer, of Plas, Aberporth, defeated Alexander Jenkins of Penrallt, Aberporth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 63], "content_span": [64, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0015-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Results, Borth\nThe return of the local Calvinistic Methodist minister was greeted with considerable enthusiasm. Flags were displayed and, after nightfall, bonfires lighted, fireworks discharged, houses illuminated, and hundreds of people paraded the streets up to a late hour. James and some of his supporters were drawn in an open carriage through the village and, addressing the assembly said that the day was rapidly approach- ing when laws would be made by the people for the people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0016-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Results, Cardigan Borough (two seats)\nThe contest had been noted for claims by the Conservatives that it should not be based on politics. On the declaration of the result and the return of Picton Evans at the head of the poll the bells of the parish church were rung, the traditional pattern for celebrating a Conservative victory in the town. Levi James, returned in second place had briefly become a Liberal Unionist after supporting David Davies at the 1886 General Election, but had subsequently returned to the Liberal fold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0017-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Results, Lampeter Borough\nJohn Charles Harford of Falcondale defeated Abel Evans, a surgeon of Taliesin House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 69], "content_span": [70, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0018-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Results, Llandygwydd\nMorgan Jones of Penylan, Llandygwydd, defeated David Lloyd, a surgeon, of Adpar, Newcastle Emlyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0019-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Results, Llansantffraed\nIn a closely fought contest, the Conservative candidate won by a narrow margin over retired mariner, Daniel Jones. Surgeon Jenkin Lewis polled only 27 votes but would be more successful in future contests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0020-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Results, Llanwenog\nThe Lord Lieutenant of the County defeated a Unitarian minister, reflecting past conflicts over religious issues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 62], "content_span": [63, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0021-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Results, Penbryn\nDavid Griffiths of Penylan Fawr defeated Simon Davies of Aberarthen. Both candidates were farmers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0022-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nIn addition to the 48 councillors the council consisted of 16 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the election of the initial sixteen aldermen, half of the aldermanic bench would be  elected every three years following the triennial council election. After the initial elections, there were sixteen Aldermanic vacancies and the following Alderman were appointed by the newly elected council:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0023-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nThe Liberals consented to their opponents receiving three of the sixteen aldermanic seats, roughly in proportion to their representation on the Council. Of the three Conservatives, Lord Lisburne and William Jones had been elected but Major Price Lewes of Tyglyn Aeron was bottom of the poll at Cilcennin, behind two Liberals. It was suggested that some Liberals had favoured the Lord Lieutenant, Herbert Davies-Evans and Charles Lloyd of Waunifor, defeated at Llandysul, but said to be a good financier, in place of Jones and Lewes, but had been over-ruled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0024-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nA number of elected Liberals councillors became aldermen, including Levi James of cardigan, a member of Cardigan Town Council for over twenty years; J.T. Morgan of Talybont; William Davies, Cross Inn, New Quay;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0025-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nHowever the decision to choose eight of the new aldermen from outside of the Council soon tarnished the Liberal triumph. There had already been soundings in the local press in opposition to the move. \u2018We profoundly regret the decision\u2019 said a Cambrian News editorial, \u2018to select outsiders as aldermen wherever that decision has been reached, and believe that a blow has been struck at the new bodies from which they will never recover until that decision is reversed.\u2019   Particular objection was made to the election of aldermen of four candidates defeated at the polls. There were also two Liberal aldermen who did not even seek election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0026-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Aldermanic Vacancies 1889-1895\nRoderick Lloyd was appointed county surveyor and resigned his aldermanic seat. In May 1892, Rev John Owen was appointed to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 74], "content_span": [75, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0027-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, Aldermanic Vacancies 1889-1895\nTherefore, the following appointment was made for the remaining three years in May 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 74], "content_span": [75, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0028-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections\nEight by-elections were caused by the election of aldermen. In several cases local meetings were held to select a Liberal candidate and avoid a contest. At Talybont, for example, a test election was contested under the supervision of, amongst other, Alderman J.T. Morgan of Maesnewydd and William Morgan of neighbouring Bow Street. The Revd. John Davies defeated Richard Jones by 109 votes to 99 and Jones enthusiastically signed the successful candidate\u2019s nomination papers. Two Liberal candidates unsuccessful at the first election, namely Rev John Williams in Cardigan and John Watkin Davies at Llanfair Clydogau, were elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 56], "content_span": [57, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0029-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections\nThe only contested elections were at Strata Florida, where a hotly contested poll led to the return of the rector of Ystrad Meurig for the seat vacates by the Earl of Lisburne and in neighbouring Tregaron, where the Conservatives captured the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 56], "content_span": [57, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0030-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections, Aberystwyth by-election\nFollowing the election of C.M. Williams as an alderman. D.C. Roberts, a member of a prominent Liberal family was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0031-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections, Cardigan Borough by-election\nFollowing the election of Levi James as an alderman, the Rev John Williams, defeated at the initial election was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 86], "content_span": [87, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0032-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections, Llanfair Clydogau by-election\nFollowing the election of William Jones, a Conservative, as an alderman, John Watkin Davies, the defeated Liberal candidate at the initial election was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 87], "content_span": [88, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028482-0033-0000", "contents": "1889 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections, Talybont by-election\nFollowing the election of J.T. Morgan as an alderman. a test election was held between the Rev John Davies and Richard Jones, grocer. Davies was successful and was returned unopposed, with his opponent signing his nomination papers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 78], "content_span": [79, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election\nThe first election to the Carmarthenshire County Council was held in January 1889. It was followed by the 1892 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Overview of the result\n1889 was one of those landmark years in the history of Welsh Liberalism, a coming of age symbolized by the triumph across Wales of Liberal candidates in the inaugural county council elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Candidates and unopposed returns\nMost of the seats were contested by Liberal and Conservative candidates. The number of unopposed returns was small.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 78], "content_span": [79, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections\nThere were a large number of contested elections and the majorities were small in most instances. The Liberals won a large majority of the seats with only nine Conservatives returned. There were also two Liberal Unionists, in Carmarthen and Llansteffan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 65], "content_span": [66, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results\nThis section summarises the detailed results which are noted in the following sections. This was the inaugural county election and therefore no comparison can be made with the previous elections. In some cases there is an ambiguity in the sources over the party affiliations and this is explained below where relevant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 64], "content_span": [65, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results\nThis table summarises the result of the elections in all wards. 48 councillors were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 64], "content_span": [65, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Ward results, Llanstephan\nThomas Morris of Coomb was the son of William Morris, former Liberal MP for Carmarthen Boroughs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0007-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Ward results, St Ishmael\nJ. Lewis Philipps of Bolahaul, near Carmarthen, had been a prominent figure in county government for many years and was chairman of the Carmarthen Board of Guardians from 1861 until 1884.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 70], "content_span": [71, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0008-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nIn addition to the 51 councillors the council consisted of 17 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the election of the initial sixteen aldermen, half of the aldermanic bench would be  elected every three years following the triennial council election. After the initial elections, there were seventeen aldermanic vacancies and the following Alderman were appointed by the newly elected council (with the number of votes cast recorded in each case). A second vote was held to determine which aldermen should retire in three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0009-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nAs in Cardiganshire the Liberals agreed that the Conservatives be allocated three aldermanic seats only. Only John Lewis Philipps was an elected member of the Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0010-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nInitially, Lewis Morris had been elected an alderman but he declined on the basis that he had no sufficient time at his disposal. He was then replaced by W.R. Edwards at the second meeting of the Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0011-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Aldermanic Vacanies, 1889-1892\nDavid Bowen died a few weeks after his election as alderman, The council resolved to replace him with another representative from the Llandeilo area to serve for the remainder of the three-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 76], "content_span": [77, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0012-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Aldermanic Vacanies, 1889-1892\nTwo vacancies arose in early 1891 following the resignation of W de G Warren and the death of J. Lewis Philipps. The vacancies were filled as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 76], "content_span": [77, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0013-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Aldermanic Vacanies, 1889-1892\nMorgan Davies died in February 1892, shortly before the end of his term as alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 76], "content_span": [77, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0014-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, By-elections\nIn contrast to the position in other counties only one by-election was caused by the election of aldermen. This was in St Ishmaels where the Liberal candidate captured the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0015-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, By-elections, St Ishmaels by-election\nFollowing the election of John Lewis Philipps as an alderman, a Liberal candidate captured the seat after a contest that took place in heavy snow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 83], "content_span": [84, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0016-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, By-elections, 1889-1892, Llanarthney by-election, 1889\nThomas Davies, Bremenda, the member for Llanarthney, died in August 1889 as a result of injuries sustained falling off his horse. Rev R.G. Lawrence of Middleton Hall, an unsuccessful candidate at the election held earlier in the year was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 100], "content_span": [101, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0017-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, By-elections, 1889-1892, Pembrey by-election, 1890\nA by-election arose in the Pembrey ward following the appointment of William Howell as returning officer for the county.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028483-0018-0000", "contents": "1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election, By-elections, 1889-1892, Carmarthen Western Ward (Upper Division) by-election, 1890\nD. Rixon Morgan, the sitting member, resigned late in 1890. Professor D.E. Jones of the Presbyterian College, Carmarthen, was chosen as his replacement as Liberal candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 129], "content_span": [130, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028484-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Chicago White Stockings season\nThe 1889 Chicago White Stockings season was the 18th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 14th in the National League and the 5th at the first West Side Park. The White Stockings finished third in the National League with a record of 67\u201365.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028484-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028484-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028484-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028484-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028485-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Chicago mayoral election\nIn the Chicago mayoral election of 1889, Democrat DeWitt Clinton Cregier defeated incumbent Republican John A. Roche, winning a majority of the vote and a margin of victory in excess of ten percent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028485-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign\nCregier backed strongly by trade unions. John Peter Altgeld threw his backing behind Cregier's candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028485-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Chicago mayoral election, Results\nCreiger received 76.86% of the Polish-American vote, while  Roche received 23.07%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028486-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Chilik earthquake\nThe 1889 Chilik earthquake occurred on July 11 on the Gregorian calendar, or June 30 on the Julian calendar at 15:14 local time in the Tien Shan mountains. The earthquake measured an estimated Mw\u202f 7.9 to Mw\u202f 8.3 on the moment magnitude scale and was assigned a X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity and Rossi-Forel scales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028486-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Chilik earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe geological forces at play in the Turkestan region are directly related to the ongoing collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate. The topography of this region is influenced by broad crustal deformation as a result of convergence along the Main Himalayan Thrust. Before the Indian subcontinent collided with Eurasia, there were island arcs and microcontinents between the two landmasses that were also converging. These terranes were later accreted to Eurasia as northward-moving India closed collided with Eurasia, and are now in present-day Central Asia. Ancient suture zones mark the boundary between these accreted terranes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 40], "content_span": [41, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028486-0001-0001", "contents": "1889 Chilik earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThis deformation and accretion led to the formation of the Tien Shan mountains, which are moving 7\u00b12 mm/yr towards the south along faults running along their base. The region is dominated by large, north and south-dipping thrust faults along the southern edge of the Tien Shan mountains, and the northern boundary of the Tarim basin, one of them being the Aheqi Fault Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 40], "content_span": [41, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028486-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Chilik earthquake, Earthquake\nIn the days before the mainshock, many survivors reported peculiar behaviors of animals, including dogs howling and cats being restless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028486-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Chilik earthquake, Earthquake\nA post-earthquake survey of the region using reports of the earthquake's damage and effects led to the conclusion that the epicenter was located in the Chilik River Valley. No surface ruptures were identified during the survey as data was obtained via questionnaire given to eyewitnesses. The epicenter zone is elongated in the north northeast-south southwest direction approximately 100 km southwest of Almaty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028486-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Chilik earthquake, Earthquake\nGiven the earthquake only had a maximum intensity assigned X on the Rossi-Forel scale, and its borad coverage over a wide area, the hypocenter depth is estimated to be at least 40 km beneath the surface. The length of surface ruptures associated with the earthquake is estimated at 200 to 300 km, with an average slip of 6.7 to 9.1 meters for an event consisting of thrust and strike-slip mechanisms. Modern field investigations however, was only able to find 175 km of surface ruptures and fault scarps on multiple fault strands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028486-0004-0001", "contents": "1889 Chilik earthquake, Earthquake\nA 30-km-long scarp on the Saty Fault, an oblique-reverse structure is assumed to have formed during the 1889 earthquake. Dextral surface ruptures were also identified on the Beshkaragai Fault for a length of 40 km, where a maximum slip of 4.5 meters was observed. Another 100 km surface rupture was identified near the summits of the Kurmentey Range, a subrange in the Tien Shan. The surface ruptures consisted of dextral strike-slip motion of at least 8 meters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028486-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Chilik earthquake, Impact\nAt Verny (now Almaty), the locals described the ground motion as a slow oscillation, rocking, wave-like motion. The earthquake was the most intense ever felt in the town since 1887. Shaking was so strong that many people and farm animals reportedly fell off their feet and were thrown off the ground by yards. Eyewitnesses reported seeing people thrown up into the air as much as one arshin (71.12 cm). The earthquake itself did not cause severe and widespread damage because new buildings were recently constructed following the 1887 earthquake. Official reports stated that 491 residents reported damage to their homes after the quake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028486-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Chilik earthquake, Impact, Casualties\nThe shock, despite its intensity, did not result in extreme numbers of fatalities. In the village of Uytala, there were seven recorded deaths, including an elderly man and six children. Four people suffered serious injuries. In Shelek (Chilik), Malovodnoye, and Mikhailovsk, the earthquake collapsed walls and brought down roofs, killing 17 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028487-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Christchurch North by-election\nThe Christchurch North by-election of 1889 was a by-election held to elect a member to the New Zealand House of Representatives' 10th session. It was held to fill the gap left by Sir Julius Vogel, the former Premier of New Zealand, by resigning from the Christchurch North electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028487-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Christchurch North by-election\nSamuel Charles Jolly, who in 1884 had contested Ashburton, was one of the candidates campaigning for election, but after he was poorly received at public meetings did not proceed to nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028487-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Christchurch North by-election\nThe election was held on 19 June 1889 and the official result was released the following day at noon, declaring Edward Humphreys as the elected representative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028488-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Cincinnati Red Stockings season\nThe 1889 Cincinnati Red Stockings season was a season in American baseball. The team finished in fourth place in the American Association with a record of 76\u201363, 18 games behind the Brooklyn Bridegrooms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028488-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nThe Red Stockings brought back manager Gus Schmelz for a third season in 1889, as he led the team to two straight seasons of 80 or more victories. Cincinnati would have a new shortstop, signing local area player Ollie Beard to his first contract. Cincinnati also signed rookie Bug Holliday, who would play in the outfield. On the mound, another rookie, Jesse Duryea, would join the Red Stockings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028488-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nBug Holliday had an excellent rookie season, hitting .321 with a league high nineteen home runs and a franchise record 104 RBI. George Tebeau hit .252 with seven homers and 70 RBI, while scoring a team high 110 runs. Hugh Nicol once again led Cincinnati in stolen bases, however, he failed to crack 100 for the first time since joining the team, as he stole 80 bases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028488-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season\nJesse Duryea was the ace of the Red Stockings staff, going 32\u201319 with a 2.56 ERA in 53 games. Lee Viau had a 22\u201320 record with a 3.79 ERA, while Tony Mullane was 11\u20139 with a 2.99 ERA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028488-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season, Season summary\nCincinnati began the season badly, as they lost their first four games, and were 5\u201310 in their first fifteen games. The Red Stockings responded by going 16\u20136 in their next 22 games to climb into third place, however, the team lost their next seven games to fall under .500 once again and into sixth place. Cincinnati would never be a factor in the pennant race, finishing in fourth place with a 76\u201363 record, eighteen games behind the Brooklyn Bridegrooms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 68], "content_span": [69, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028488-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 81], "content_span": [82, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028488-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028488-0007-0000", "contents": "1889 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028488-0008-0000", "contents": "1889 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 77], "content_span": [78, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028489-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Cincinnati football team\nThe 1889 Cincinnati football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1889 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20131 record. Arch Carson was the team captain. The team had no head coach and played its home games at Union Ball Park in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028490-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Cleveland Spiders season\nBefore the 1889 season, the Cleveland Blues switched from the American Association to the National League. They also earned a new nickname, the Cleveland Spiders, because so many of their players were very skinny. They finished their first season in the National League with a 61\u201372 record, good enough for sixth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028490-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028490-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028490-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028490-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028491-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1889 College Football All-America team was the first College Football All-America Team. The team was selected by Caspar Whitney and published in This Week's Sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028491-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 College Football All-America Team\nThe team selected by Whitney in 1889 marked the origin of the \"All-America\" teams that have since been picked in many collegiate sports. All eleven members of the 1889 All-America team played for either Harvard, Princeton or Yale, then known as the \"Big Three\" of college football. Some sources indicate that Walter Camp assisted Whitney with the selection of the 1889 All-American team, while others indicate that Camp did not become involved in the selection process until some time in the 1890s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028491-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 College Football All-America Team\nThe first All-America team included Amos Alonzo Stagg (then a player for Yale), Pudge Heffelfinger (who later became the first professional football player), \"Snake\" Ames (who set a college scoring record with 730 points), Edgar Allan Poe (second cousin, twice removed of the writer of the same name), Arthur Cumnock (described as the greatest Harvard football player of all time in 1913), and Roscoe Channing (who later served with Theodore Roosevelt in the Rough Riders).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028492-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Columbia football team\nThe 1889 Columbia football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1889 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20137\u20132 record and was outscored by a total of 298 to 54. The team had no coach. J. M. Hewlett was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028493-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Columbus Solons season\nThe 1889 Columbus Solons baseball team finished with a 60\u201378 record, sixth place in the American Association during their debut season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028493-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Columbus Solons season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028493-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Columbus Solons season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028493-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Columbus Solons season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028493-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Columbus Solons season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028493-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Columbus Solons season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028494-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1889 Cork Senior Football Championship was the third staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028494-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Cork Senior Football Championship\nMidleton won the championship following a 1-00 to 0-01 defeat of Macroom in the final at Cork Park. This was their first championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028495-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1889 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the third staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028495-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nBlackrock won the championship after receiving a walkover from Aghada in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first in two championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028496-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1889 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1889 college football season. The team compiled an 8\u20134 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 354 to 130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028497-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Costa Rican general election\nThe 1889 Costa Rican general election was held between 7 October 1889 (first degree) and 1 December 1889 (second degree). It was particularly notorious for been the first time in Costa Rica's history that political parties took part in an election. The date of November 7 is still commemorated in Costa Rica as \"Democracy's Day\" due to the outcome of the liberal government accepting the results of the conservative opposition, as to that point, authoritarian governments were the norm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028497-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Costa Rican general election\nLiberals were by far the hegemonic faction in Costa Rica's politics since independence. Unlike other Latin American countries were conflicts and alternation between liberals and conservatives was common, all Costa Rican presidents since the first, Juan Mora Fern\u00e1ndez, were liberals with only one exception; Vicente Herrera Zeled\u00f3n who, despite been conservative, was still a puppet of liberal dictator Tom\u00e1s Guardia. A series of alliances between the liberal intellectual elite, the coffee-grower bourgeoisie and the army kept the status quo into what was known as Costa Rica's Liberal State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028497-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Costa Rican general election\nHowever, relationships with the Catholic Church were normally cordial. It wasn't until the presidency of freemason and staunch liberal Bernardo Soto Alfaro that the most secularizing and anti-Catholic policies were taken, that the relationships between the two stained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028497-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Costa Rican general election\nThe Church responded by endorsing its own candidate; lawyer Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn Rodr\u00edguez Zeled\u00f3n of the Democratic Constitutional Party. The liberals, including Soto's government, endorsed Ascensi\u00f3n Esquivel Ibarra from the \"Olympus\" group, a group of intellectual aristocrats nicknamed as such because of their elitism. Soto went even as far as to allow Esquivel to run the presidency for a while. The Constitutional Party identify itself by using the National pavilion, whilst the Liberal Progressive Party used a red flag, the traditional color of the liberals in Latin America. During the campaign Rodr\u00edguez was accused of trying to impose a religious government (despite the fact that he publicly endorsed the need for church-state separation) whilst Esquivel was signaled for Freemason, liberal and Nicaraguan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 844]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028497-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Costa Rican general election\nThe election at the time was held in two levels; first all the male citizens allowed to voted the second-degree electors, then the electors selected the President from among the candidates. The first round of vote was public, the second was secret. The requirements to be an Elector generally included having properties and knowing how to read, which meant that most of them belonged to the rich families or the middle class. Rodr\u00edguez won  the popular vote but Soto proclaimed Esquivel the winner and a military parade in support of Esquivel was held on November 7. The Church made a call to defend the results on the streets on November 7 and Soto, fearful of a civil war, resigned and his successor Carlos Dur\u00e1n Cart\u00edn handles the power to Rodr\u00edguez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028498-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Crescent Athletic Club football team\nThe 1889 Crescent Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Crescent Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1889 college football season. The team compiled a 6\u20131 record (4\u20130 against AFU opponents), won the AFU championship, and played its home games at Washington Park in Brooklyn. William H. Ford was the team captain. Other key players included Harry Beecher at quarterback, Wyllys Terry at halfback, and Henry J. Lamarche at guard. Alex Moffatt has also been reported as a member of the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028498-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Crescent Athletic Club football team\nPrior to the start of the season, the Crescent Club merged with the Nereid Boat Club which, according to Allison Danzig, \"placed the Crescents in the very front rank of athletic organizations of similar character.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028499-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Dalmatian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028500-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Dartmouth football team\nThe 1889 Dartmouth football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1889 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028501-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Dickinson football team\nThe 1889 Dickinson football team was an American football team that represented Dickinson College as an independent during the 1889 college football season. The team compiled a 4\u20131\u20131 record and outscored opponents by a total of 75 to 42.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028502-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Dover Conference Academy Athletic Club football team\nThe 1889 Dover Conference Academy Athletic Club football team represented Dover Conference Academy in the 1889 college football season as an independent. Results may be incomplete, but Dover played in at least three games, compiling a 0\u20132\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028503-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Dundee by-election\nThe Dundee by-election, 1889 was a parliamentary by-election held in September 1889 to elect one of the members for the British House of Commons constituency of Dundee, following the death of Joseph Firth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028503-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Dundee by-election, Background\nIn February 1888 the voters of Dundee had gone to the polls to elect a replacement for Charles Carmichael Lacaita, one of the two members elected for Dundee in the 1886 general election, who had resigned from Parliament due to his disapproval of Gladstone's Home Rule policy. The winner of this contest was the Liberal Joseph Bottomley Firth. However Firth died in September 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028503-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Dundee by-election, Election\nShortly after Firth's death speculation started has to who would contest the vacant seat, with the Glasgow Herald reporting ex-Bailie Robertson was expected to be offered the Liberal nomination, with Mr Dalglish and Mr W. L. Boase thought  to be possible Unionist candidates. John Burns was also speculated upon as a possible Socialist candidate. Four local Liberals, including John Leng, reportedly declined nomination as a candidate, but Leng eventually agreed to stand. John Leng had come to Dundee in 1851 to edit and manageThe Dundee Advertiser, which he turned into a daily newspaper. He also founded The People's Journal, The Evening Telegraph and The People's Friend. The Glasgow Herald considered Leng to be a 'strong candidate', but thought that the Dundee Unionists had a chance of defeating him if they selected 'candidate of great local weight'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 892]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028503-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Dundee by-election, Election\nUltimately there was no contest and Leng was returned without opposition, the first time the Dundee seat had not been contested since Sir John Ogilvy was returned unopposed at the 1865 general election, when Dundee was still a one-member seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028503-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Dundee by-election, Election\nLeng was a supporter of Irish Home Rule and also supported Home Rule for Scotland, chairing a meeting of the Scottish Home Rule Association on the evening of his election. The Glasgow Herald described him as a strong supporter of Gladstone and considered Dundee 'fortunate' to have him as an MP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028504-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Durham County Council election\nThe inaugural elections to Durham County Council took place in January 1889. Durham was divided into 72 electoral divisions, with candidates in 32 divisions being returned unopposed. The election saw control of the council being taken by Conservative candidates, although these candidates were largely Independent conservatives as opposed to being party activists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028505-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 East Coast by-election\nThe 1889 East Coast by-election was a by-election held on 13 December 1889 in the East Coast electorate during the 10th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028505-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 East Coast by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Andrew Graham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028505-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 East Coast by-election\nHe was replaced by Alexander Creighton Arthur. William Lee Rees again stood, and came second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028506-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Elginshire and Nairnshire by-election\nA by-election was held in Elginshire and Nairnshire in 1889. The election was won by John Seymour Keay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028507-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 English cricket season\n1889 was the 103rd season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). The number of balls per over was increased from four to five. The four-ball over had been used since time immemorial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028507-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 English cricket season\nEarlier in the year, on 12 and 13 March, South Africa versus England at Port Elizabeth was the start of cricket in South Africa at both Test and first-class level. Domestic first-class matches began at the end of the same year. The England team, captained by future Hollywood actor C Aubrey Smith, played two Tests on the inaugural tour, at Port Elizabeth and Cape Town, winning both by comfortable margins. Lancashire spinner Johnny Briggs had match figures of 15-28 at Cape Town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028507-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 English cricket season, Notes\nAn unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed. Between 1887 and 1889 an unofficial point system of 1 point for a win and 0.5 points for a draw, devised by the \"Cricket Reporting Agency\", was used to determine the unofficial \"Champion County\" The match between Middlesex and Kent at Lord\u2019s was completely washed out", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028508-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 FA Cup Final\nThe 1889 FA Cup Final was contested by Preston North End and Wolverhampton Wanderers at the Kennington Oval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028508-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 FA Cup Final\nPreston won 3\u20130, with goals by Fred Dewhurst, Jimmy Ross and Sam Thomson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028508-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 FA Cup Final\nThis completed the \"Double\" for the victors, Preston having already won the inaugural Football League title without losing a game, a feat which earned them the nickname \"The Invincibles\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028509-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 French legislative election\nThe 1889 general election was held on 22 September and 6 October 1889, during the Boulanger affair. It resulted in a victory for the Republicans, and a thorough defeat for the Boulangists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028510-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 French legislative election in Algeria\nElections to the National Assembly of France were held in Algeria on 22 September 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028511-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Furman Purple Hurricane football team\nThe 1889 Furman Purple Hurricane football team represented the Furman Purple Hurricane of Furman University during the 1889 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028512-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Georgetown football team\nThe 1889 Georgetown football team represented the Georgetown University during the 1889 college football season. Georgetown finished the season with a 5\u20131 record. This season included the first match against a full collegiate team, Virginia. Georgetown's records show this game as a 34\u20130 victory for the team, while Virginia's record a 32\u20130 victory for the Cavaliers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election\nThe first election to the Glamorgan County Council were held on 17 January 1889. Results were announced over several days. They were followed by the 1892 election. The authority, by far the largest county in Wales in terms of population,  was established by the 1888 Local Government Act. The county of Glamorgan was at this time becoming heavily industrialised although some areas such as the Vale of Glamorgan remained essentially rural.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Overview of the Result\nThe rise of nonconformist liberalism, especially since the 1860s, throughout Wales, had challenged the prevailing influence of the landed gentry. However, even in 1889, the traditional forces remained influential and no working men were elected to the Council. For many weeks prior to the election there was lively campaigning in most wards and on election day, 'there was great interest manifested in the proceedings, and at most of the polling places  a great many votes were recorded.'", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Overview of the Result\nAs in most parts of Wales, the Liberal Party was triumphant and won a majority of the seats. The Liberal members elected ranged however, from traditional landowners such as Henry Hussey Vivian, through indigenous coalowners such as F.L. Davis to nonconformist radicals like the Rev Aaron Davies, Pontlottyn. A vigorous campaign was fought by the Liberals, which was reported in detail in the local press.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Overview of the Result\nThe following is a summary of the council composition following the election. The figures shown are the number of councillors plus aldermen. For instance 13 + 2 indicates 13 councillors and 2 aldermen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Candidates and unopposed returns\n66 members were returned to the Council. There were 6 wards that returned two members while the other 54 wards returned one member only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Candidates and unopposed returns\nMost wards were contested by Liberal and Conservative candidates, although several of the latter stood as Independents. In many cases, Liberals fought each other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Candidates and unopposed returns\nThere were only three unopposed returns, all of whom were Liberals. Frederick Lewis Davis, defeated by Mabon at the Rhondda election in 1885 was returned unopposed in Ferndale as was W.H. Mathias at another Rhondda ward. The third unopposed return was David Davies in Morriston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0007-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested elections\nMost candidates were described as either Liberals or Conservatives but these allegiances were fluid and, in some cases, there was little evidence of a connection between candidates and local Liberal or Conservative party organisations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0008-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested elections, Aberdare and Merthyr Districts\nThere were five seats in the Aberdare district, namely Aberaman, Aberdare Town, Gadlys, Hirwaun and Llwydcoed and the return of  three Conservatives in this predominantly radical and working-class community excited some comment. The three Conservatives, Sir William Thomas Lewis, Rees Hopkin Rhys and James Lewis, had all been active in the public life of the valley for many years, and their return owed as much to their local influence as to their politics. The nominally Liberal local paper, the Aberdare Times, regretted that the local Liberal Association chose to run candidates against these prominent local figures. Upon the return of all three, a demonstration was held where (according to the admittedly anti-Liberal Aberdare Times), 'all classes of the people united to mark their sense of the pronounced triumph over the clique who presume to act in the name of the Liberal Association.'", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 91], "content_span": [92, 990]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0009-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested elections, Aberdare and Merthyr Districts\nIn the Merthyr Tydfil area, however, Liberal candidates were more successful but here too the Conservatives performed strongly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 91], "content_span": [92, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0010-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested elections, Rhondda District\nIn the Rhondda district the success of William Abraham (Mabon) at the 1885 General Election had led to the emergence of a Rhondda Liberal and Labour Association within which working class leaders were active. At the 1889 election the Association advanced a slate of ten candidates, nine of whom were successful. this level of organisation contrasted sharply with other parts of the county. It is also significant that most of the official Liberal candidates had supported the official Liberal candidate, Frederick Davis, in 1885, rather than the Lib-Lab Mabon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0010-0001", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested elections, Rhondda District\nThe relative unity of the valley Liberals in these elections is illustrated by a meeting held at the Treorchy Board Schools to support the candidatures of William Morgan and J.S. Edwards at Treherbert and Treorchy respectively. The meeting was chaired by William Morris, minister of Noddfa, Treorchy and addressed by both Daronwy Isaac and Mabon himself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0011-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, The New Council\nThe first meeting of the Council was held at the Gwyn Hall in Neath and Sir Hussey Vivian MP elected to the chair. The Liberal group did agree on a list of aldermen before hand but they were not as cohesive as in other counties in using a block vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0012-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, The New Council\nOne of the main debates related to the venue for meetings, with the claims of Neath and Pontypridd being most prominent. The Bridgend Local Board of Health had petitioned Lord Dunraven to lobby for that town to be considered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0013-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Aberaman\nThis contest was widely reported and was a significant victory for a local tradesman, T.P. White, over a leading colliery official who later became a prominent figure in the South Wales and Monmouthshire Coalowners' Association. White had been chosen as Liberal candidate after a public meeting at Saron Chapel, Aberaman. In a letter to the press he referred to pressure from colliery officials and sought to re-assure the electors that there was a secret ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0014-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Caeharris\nE.P. Martin was regarded as the candidate of the Dowlais Iron Company and was said to have dominated the contest from the outset.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 58], "content_span": [59, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0015-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Cymmer\nHenry Naunton Davies was opposed by T. Griffiths, manager of Cymmer Colliery and a member of the Ystradyfodwg Local Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0016-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Dulais Valley\nEvans Bevan, owner of the anthracite colliery at Seven Sisters, was a prominent businessman and industrialist. His return reflected his social status in the recently developed Dulais Valley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0017-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Gadlys\nJames Lewis had been active in the public life of the Aberdare Valley for many years and his candidacy was supported by many Liberals, even though his politics were regarded as Conservative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0018-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Hirwaun\nThe contest was marked by accusations (originally made at the time of the Glamorgan county election of 1880) that Lewis, as a prominent coal owner and land agent, had refused requests by nonconformists for land to build chapels. He publicly refuted these allegations, at a meeting held at Ebenezer, Trecynon. Lewis's supporters also countered these claims by publishing old correspondence, including a letter by the late Thomas Price which refuted the accusations. There is evidence that Lewis's personal popularity transcended any political considerations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0019-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Llantwit Fardre\nThis large ward covered the parishes of Llantwit Fardre, Llanfabon and Llanwonno and witnessed a close contest. The Liberal candidate, Edward Edwards, addressing a public meeting at Graigberthlwyd Chapel, referred to personal attacks made against him by opponents and defended his record as a Guardian and member of the Gelligaer Highways Board. Dewi Mabon also addressed this meeting, and in response to questions, Edwards declared himself in favour of the Welsh language being taught more widely in schools. it was alleged that his opponent, Jabez Evans, though nominally an Independent, was supported by the Conservative Party. This is borne out to some extent by reports of Evans's meetings, where he was generally supported by those who argued that the \"best men\" should be elected, regardless of their politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 882]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0020-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Llwynypia and Trealaw (two seats)\nLewis and Williams, chosen as the official candidates of the Liberal Association, faced one of the few prominent coal owners in the Rhondda to stand as a Conservative candidate. Their campaign was supported by D.A. Thomas who addressed a public meeting at Clydach Vale. Thomas stated that he had known Hood longer than the two Liberals, but that the county elections should be fought on political lines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0021-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Merthyr Town\nFollowing a close three-way contest, John Jenkins, a member of the Local Board of Health for twelve years, scored a narrow victory. Jenkins was the proprietor of the Thomastown Brickworks and a prominent figure in the Merthyr Building Society. Jenkins was said to have campaigned as a Radical, while the other two candidates relied upon their 'personal qualifications'. A few later, however, Jenkins was killed in an accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 61], "content_span": [62, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0022-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Morriston\nDavid Davis, a tinplate manufacturer, was returned unopposed. The widespread support he attracted was indicated by a meeting at Morriston, chaired by William Williams, Maesygwernen, 'who was supported by nearly all the tinplate manufacturers of the neighbourhood and the leading inhabitants of the district'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 58], "content_span": [59, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0023-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Pentre and Ystrad (two seats)\nDavid Evans, manager of David Davis & Sons' pit at Bodringallt, and former chairman of the Ystradyfodwg School Board was the only official Rhondda Labour and Liberal Association candidate to be defeated. The successful candidate was William Jenkins of Ystradefechan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 78], "content_span": [79, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0024-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Pontypridd\nThis contrast attracted considerable interest as a prominent Liberal faced a major employer in Pontypridd and owner of the Brown Lenox chain works.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0025-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Sketty\nJohn Powell's candidature was supported by key Liberal figures in the county, including Sir Hussey Vivian and Mabon, both of whom addressed meetings. Powell claimed the support of both the Liberal Association and the Labour Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0026-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Treorchy and Treherbert (two seats)\nThe relative unity of the valley Liberals in these elections is illustrated by a meeting held at the Treorchy Board Schools to support the candidatures of William Morgan and J.S. Edwards at Treherbert and Treorchy respectively. The meeting was chaired by William Morris, minister of Noddfa, Treorchy and addressed by both Daronwy Isaac and Mabon himself. At the 1885 election Morgan had supported F.L. Davis while Edwards had supported Mabon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 84], "content_span": [85, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0027-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Ystalyfera\nAt Ystalyfera there were two strong competing factions for the Liberal candidacy, each supporting John Beynon and James Williams respectively. After a lively arbitration meeting at Swansea, where three referees including David Randell MP and Thomas Phillips of Llanelli presided, Beynon was selected. However, a meeting of Williams's supporters resolved to ignore the decision and contest the seat. These divisions may have contributed to the Conservative victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0028-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nIn addition to the 66 councillors the council consisted of 22 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the election of the initial 22 aldermen, half of the aldermanic bench would be  elected every three years following the triennial council election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0029-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nPrior to the elections there had been some discussion about the method of electing aldermen. At a meeting in Clydach Vale, D.A. Thomas had argued that although he believed the elections should be fought on political lines, men such as J. T. D. Llewellyn and Rees Hopkin Rhys should be selected as aldermen in order that the Council could benefit from their experience as magistrates. This had been contradicted by one of the two Liberal candidates for the ward who had declared that the aldermen should be elected from within the council. In the event both Llewelyn and Rhys were successful at the elections in any case.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0030-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nAfter the initial elections, there were sixteen Aldermanic vacancies and the following Alderman were appointed by the newly elected council:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0031-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nIn contrast to the position in some Welsh counties such as Cardiganshire, where the Liberal majority voted en bloc for a slate of candidates, including a small number of Conservatives, the distribution of the votes in the ballot suggested that this was not the case in Glamorgan. The votes ranged from 58 for J.T.D. Llewellyn to 25 for Sir William Thomas Lewis, who was only four votes ahead of the next candidate, Lord Aberdare. The Liberal caucus did agree on a slate, and altered it when four members including Hussey Vivian and Cory Yeo, declined to be nominated. However, the Liberal group were not as disciplined in adhering to the list as in some rural counties, perhaps reflecting the ambiguity inherent in some councillors' political allegiances. Even so, the end result was that the Liberals had all but two of the aldermanic seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 903]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0032-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Aberaman by -election\nA by-election was held following T.P. White's elevation to the aldermanic bench. The result of the first election was regarded with surprise in some quarters and one local newspaper predicted that E.M. Hann, defeated at the first contest would be successful in the by-election. However, Hann was again defeated by a different Liberal candidate, Thomas Davies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0033-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Cymmer by-election\nFollowing the election of Henry Naunton Davies as alderman, his brother scored a decisive victory at the by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0034-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Ferndale by-election\nEvans, rejected at Pentre and Ystrad at the initial election, was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0035-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Hirwaun by-election\nMorgan won the by-election, having been defeated at the initial contest by Sir William Thomas Lewis", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0036-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Llandeilo Talybont by-election\nFollowing the election of Rees Harries as alderman, a public meeting was held under his chairmanship at which Thomas Freeman was selected to contest the seat. There were no other nominations. Freeman was a prominent figure in the public life of Swansea and a member of the Swansea Town Council, which became the Swansea County Borough Council in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 84], "content_span": [85, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0037-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Pentre and Ystrad by-election\nFollowing the election of William Jenkins as alderman, Aneurin Cule, a grocer from Pentre and David Thomas, checkweigher at Pentre Colliery were nominated but Cule withdrew allowing Thomas to be returned unopposed. Thomas thus became the first working man to be elected to Glamorgan County Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 83], "content_span": [84, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0038-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Porth by-election\nFollowing the election of John Jones Griffiths as alderman, two Liberals, including Hugh Jones, Baptist minister at Penygraig, were defeated by an Independent candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 71], "content_span": [72, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0039-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Treorchy and Treherbert by-election\nFollowing the election of William Morgan as alderman, Evan Davies, a Treherbert butcher and William Morris, minister of Noddfa, Treorchy were nominated but Morris withdrew allowing Davies to be returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 89], "content_span": [90, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0040-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, By-Elections 1889-1892, Merthyr Town by-election 1889\nThe by-election arose following the death of the Liberal councillor, John Jenkins, a few weeks after the election. Frank James, who had been defeated by 33 votes at the original election in which both a Conservative an Unionist opposed the Liberal candidate, now scored a decisive victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 93], "content_span": [94, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028513-0041-0000", "contents": "1889 Glamorgan County Council election, By-Elections 1889-1892, Ferndale by-election 1890\nA by-election took place at Ferndale on 1 January 1890 following the death of David Evans, Bodringallt. The elected candidate was the nominee of the Rhondda Labour and Liberal Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 89], "content_span": [90, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028514-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Gorton by-election\nThe Gorton by-election, 1889 was a parliamentary by-election held on 22 March 1889 for the British House of Commons in the Gorton Division of Lancashire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028514-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Gorton by-election, Vacancy\nThe seat had become vacant on the death of the sitting Liberal MP Richard Peacock on 3 March 1889. Peacock had held the seat since the 1885 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028514-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Gorton by-election, Candidates\nThe Liberal Party selected William Mather a 50-year-old industrialist, the head of an engineering firm in Salford and the former MP for Salford South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028514-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Gorton by-election, Candidates\nThe Conservatives, who were backed by their Liberal Unionist allies, selected Ernest Hatch. Hatch was aged 29, a wine merchant from London but had been active in the Gorton constituency for his party since June 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028514-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Gorton by-election, Issues\nThe principal issue of the by-election was Irish home rule. Indeed, Mather declared it was the only question to be settled in the contest and hoped that the electors would not be influenced by any side issues. The Irish and Roman Catholic communities in the area had their own political organisations. While they were solidly behind the Liberal Party, they valued their independence and campaigned separately. During the by-election, they set up their own election committee on behalf of Mather and canvassed in their own end of the constituency. Even the local priests were out campaigning for him. For his part, Hatch stated the Irish had no cause for grievance and strongly defended the Irish policies of the government of Lord Salisbury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028514-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Gorton by-election, Issues\nDespite Mather\u2019s plea, it was not possible for all other political questions to be excluded from the campaign. Trade, foreign affairs and the naval building programme also intruded  as did the issue of temperance with the main temperance organisations supporting Mather and the brewers backing Hatch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028514-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Gorton by-election, The result\nMather held the seat for the Liberals with a slightly increased majority of 846 as opposed to Peacock\u2019s 457 at the 1886 general election. This may nevertheless have been something of a disappointment. In the course of the Parliament so far the Liberals had gained nine seats from the Conservatives or Liberal Unionists and one from the Irish Parliamentary Party. They had lost only one seat to the Liberal Unionists (at Doncaster by a very narrow margin). It was reported that the Liberals had been confident of a much larger majority for Mather and that as the numbers of Irish electors in the division was about 1100, without that sectional support the seat might well have been lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028514-0007-0000", "contents": "1889 Gorton by-election, The result\nMather went on to hold the seat at the 1892 general election with a reduced majority of 222. At this election the Liberals came back to government under Mr Gladstone. Perhaps Mather's disappointing majority at the by-election had been something of a portent however. His own majority was down and nationally the party, which had expected to win an outright majority in the House of Commons, was in effect a minority government governing with the support and consent of the Irish MPs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028515-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Govan by-election\nThe Govan by-election, 1889 was a parliamentary by-election held on 18 January 1889 for the British House of Commons, constituency of Govan in Lanarkshire, Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028515-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Govan by-election\nThe seat had become vacant when the Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) Sir William Pearce had died aged 55 on 18 December 1888. A major shipbuilder and owner of the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Pearce had held the seat since its creation for the 1885 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028515-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Govan by-election, Candidates\nThe Conservatives did not field a candidate, and the seat was contested only by the Liberal Party candidate, John Wilson, and by John Pender of the Liberal Unionists. Pender had previously been a Liberal MP for Totnes in Devon and then for Wick Burghs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028515-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Govan by-election, Results\nThe result was a victory for Wilson, who held the seat until he stepped down at the 1900 general election. Pender returned to Parliament three years later, when he regained his Wick Burghs seat at the 1892 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028516-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Grand National\nThe 1889 Grand National was the 51st renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 29 March 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028517-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1889 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1889 college football season. The Crimson finished with a 9\u20132 record. The team won its first ten games by a combined score of 404\u20136, but lost its last two games, against Princeton and Yale, giving up 41 points against Princeton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028517-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Harvard Crimson football team\nThree Harvard players were selected as first-team players on the 1889 College Football All-America Team: end and team Arthur Cumnock, halfback James P. Lee, and guard John Cranston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028518-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Home Nations Championship\nThe 1889 Home Nations Championship was the seventh series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Three matches were played between 2 February and 2 March. It was contested by Ireland, Scotland and Wales. England were excluded from the Championship due to their refusal to join the International Rugby Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028518-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Home Nations Championship\nScotland won the championship outright for the second time, excluding one shared title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028518-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Home Nations Championship, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028518-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales\nScotland: HFT Chambers (Edinburgh U. ), WF Holms (Edinburgh Wanderers), HJ Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), James Holt Marsh (Edinburgh Inst FP), CE Orr (West of Scotland), CFP Fraser (Glasgow University), W Auld (West of Scotland), JD Boswell (West of Scotland), A Duke (Royal HSFP), HT Ker (Glasgow Acads), MC McEwan (Edinburgh Acads), WA McDonald (Glasgow University), A Methuen (Cambridge U. ), DS Morton (West of Scotland) capt., TB White (Edinburgh Acads)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028518-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales\nWales: Hugh Hughes (Cardiff), Dickie Garrett (Penarth), James Webb (Newport), Edward Bishop (Swansea), Martyn Jordan (London Welsh), Charlie Thomas (Newport), Rosser Evans (Cardiff), Sydney Nicholls (Cardiff), Frank Hill (Cardiff) capt., William Williams (Cardiff), David William Evans (Cardiff), Theo Harding (Newport), Jim Hannan (Newport), Rowley Thomas (London Welsh), William Bowen (Swansea)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028518-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nIreland: LJ Holmes (Lisburn), RA Yates (Dublin University), TB Pedlow (Queen's College, Belfast), DC Woods (Bessbrook), J Stevenson (Lisburn), RG Warren (Lansdowne) capt., HW Andrews (NIFC), TM Donovan (Queen's College, Cork), EG Forrest (Wanderers), JS Jameson (Lansdowne), J Moffatt (Belfast Albion), LC Nash (Queen's College, Cork), CRR Stack (Dublin University), R Stevenson (Lisburn), FO Stoker (Wanderers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028518-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nScotland: HFT Chambers (Edinburgh U. ), WF Holms (London Scottish), HJ Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), James Holt Marsh (Edinburgh Inst FP), CE Orr (West of Scotland), Darsie Anderson (London Scottish), AI Aitken (Edinburgh Inst FP), JD Boswell (West of Scotland), A Duke (Royal HSFP), TW Irvine (Edinburgh Acads), MC McEwan (Edinburgh Acads), JG McKendrick (West of Scotland), A Methuen (Cambridge U. ), DS Morton (West of Scotland) capt., JE Orr (West of Scotland)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028518-0007-0000", "contents": "1889 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Ireland\nWales: Ned Roberts (Llanelli), Abel Davies (London Welsh), Arthur Gould (Newport) capt., Tom Morgan (Llanelli), Norman Biggs (Cardiff), Charlie Thomas (Newport), Giotto Griffiths (Llanelli), William Bowen (Swansea), D Morgan (Swansea), Sydney Nicholls (Cardiff), David William Evans (Cardiff), Theo Harding (Newport), Jim Hannan (Newport), Rowley Thomas (London Welsh), Dan Griffiths (Llanelli)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028518-0008-0000", "contents": "1889 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Ireland\nIreland: LJ Holmes (Lisburn), RA Yates (Dublin U. ), RW Dunlop (Dublin U. ), TB Pedlow (Queens College, Belfast), RG Warren (Lansdowne) capt., AC McDonnell (Dublin U. ), Victor Le Fanu (Lansdowne), JS Jameson (Lansdowne), EG Forrest (Wanderers), J Cotton (Wanderers), J Waites (Bective Rangers), HW Andrews (NIFC), JN Lytle (NIFC), R Stevenson (Lisburn), HA Richey (Dublin U.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028519-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1889 Indiana Hoosiers football team was an American football team that represented Indiana University Bloomington during the 1889 college football season. In Indiana's third season of intercollegiate football, Evans Woollen, a 24-year-old Yale University graduate, served as the school's football coach. Indiana played only two games, a 6\u20136 tie with DePauw University and a 40\u20132 loss to Wabash College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028520-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Indianapolis Hoosiers season\nThe 1889 Indianapolis Hoosiers finished with a 59\u201375 record in the National League, finishing in seventh place. The team folded after the season concluded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028520-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028520-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028520-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028520-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028520-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Indianapolis Hoosiers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028521-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1889 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 27 November 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028522-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Iowa College Pioneers football team\nThe 1889 Iowa College Pioneers football team represented Iowa College during the 1889 college football season. On September 26, 1889, Martin Sampson, who would later score the first touchdown in school history, led a meeting regarding the organization of an S.U.I. football team. It was this suggestion that earned Sampson the title of coach and captain of the team. In the following days, Iowa sent out a challenge to any team in the state of Iowa for a game of football. The one team to accept Iowa's challenge: Iowa College. The Hawkeyes were no strangers to the Pioneers, as the two schools had met on the baseball diamond in the 20 years before. The game date was set for November 16, and the preparations for the game began.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028522-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Iowa College Pioneers football team\nPreparations were difficult at Iowa, as proper management and leadership was obviously lacking at team practices. That was hardly the case with practices at Iowa College. With the help of Frank Everest and Lou Van Giesen, two men with playing experience back east, the Pioneers were able to field a competitive team. Iowa was outmatched, and lost the game, 24\u20130. Although a rematch was scheduled to be played on Thanksgiving, it was canceled due to inclement weather. With that, Iowa College had won the first championship west of the Mississippi River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028523-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1889 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa during the 1889 college football season. On September 26, 1889, Martin Sampson, who would later score the first touchdown in school history, led a meeting regarding the organization of an S.U.I. football team. It was this suggestion that earned Sampson the title of coach and captain of the team. In the following days, Iowa sent out a challenge to any team in the state of Iowa for a game of football. The one team to accept Iowa's challenge: Iowa College. The Hawkeyes were no strangers to the Pioneers, as the two schools had met on the baseball diamond in the 20 years before. The game date was set for November 16, and the preparations for the game began.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028523-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nPreparations were difficult at Iowa, as proper management and leadership was obviously lacking at team practices. That was hardly the case with practices at Iowa College. With the help of Frank Everest and Lou Van Giesen, two men with playing experience back east, the Pioneers were able to field a competitive team. Iowa was outmatched, and lost the game, 24\u20130. Although a rematch was scheduled to be played on Thanksgiving, it was canceled due to inclement weather. With that, Iowa College had won the first championship west of the Mississippi River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028524-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Iowa Senate election\nIn the 1889 Iowa State Senate elections Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the twenty-third Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 22 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028524-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Iowa Senate election\nA statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the 1889 elections is provided by the Iowa General Assembly", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028524-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 32 seats to Democrats' 16 seats and two Independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028524-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 10 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028524-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1889 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 28 seats, Democrats having 20 seats, one Independent, and one member of the Union Labor Party (a net gain of 4 seats for Democrats and 1 seat for the Union Labor Party).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028525-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1889 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1889. Democratic nominee Horace Boies defeated Republican nominee Joseph Hutchinson with 49.90% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028526-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Kansas City Cowboys season\nThe 1889 Kansas City Cowboys baseball team finished with a 55\u201382 record, seventh place in the American Association. The team folded after the season concluded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028526-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Kansas City Cowboys season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028526-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Kansas City Cowboys season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028526-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Kansas City Cowboys season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028526-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Kansas City Cowboys season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028526-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Kansas City Cowboys season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028527-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1889 Kentucky Derby was the 15th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 9, 1889. The winning time of 2:34.50 set a new Derby record for a distance of 1\u00a01\u20442 miles (2.4\u00a0km).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028528-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Kesteven County Council election\nThe first elections to Kesteven County Council were held on Thursday, 17 January 1889. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo. The Local Government Act 1888 established Kesteven as an administrative county, governed by a Council; elections were held every three years from 1889, until it was abolished by the Local Government Act 1972, which established Lincolnshire County Council in its place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028528-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Kesteven County Council election\nThe forty-six electoral divisions of the new Council were outlined in December 1888. All but two returned one candidate: Sleaford and Quarrington and Bourne and Morton returned two each. The town of Grantham was represented across seven divisions, while Stamford had four. Twenty-one candidates (including both for Sleaford) were returned unopposed. The remainder were informed of the result on the day after polling. Votes were counted in one of the court rooms in Lincoln; the Sheriff of Lincolnshire, A. S. Leslie-Melville, was the presiding officer, while R. A. Stephens was his deputy for Kesteven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028528-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Kesteven County Council election, By-elections in February 1889\nThe Council held its first meeting on 31 January, where it elected a Chairman and sixteen aldermen. If a councillor were elected an alderman, he had to forfeit his seat. Eleven members of the Council were elected to the aldermanic bench, which meant that their seats became vacant, triggering by-elections. Colonel Willson, who had been returned for Wilsford at the first round of elections, was disqualified because he held a paid commission in the armed forces; this triggered a by-election. All twelve were held on 18 February; four candidates stood unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 68], "content_span": [69, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028529-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1889 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the third staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 8 March 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028529-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nTullaroan won the championship after a 0-01 to 0-00 defeat of Graine in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028530-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Kumamoto earthquake\nThe 1889 Kumamoto earthquake occurred at 11.40 p.m local time on July 28 in the western part of Kumamoto. It was also called the Kinpozan earthquake (or Kinbozan earthquake, since its epicenter was the southern-eastern foot of Mount Kinpu) and its magnitude was 6.3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028530-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Kumamoto earthquake\nTwenty people died (5 in Kumamoto City and 15 in Akita Gun, Kumamoto Prefecture) and hundreds of houses and parts of Kumamoto Castle were destroyed. The earthquake was the first major one after the establishment of the Seismological Society of Japan (in 1880), and its waves were recorded as far as Potsdam, Germany. Few houses were affected by fire since the quake occurred at midnight. Aftershocks occurred for five months, and some people had to sleep outdoors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028530-0001-0001", "contents": "1889 Kumamoto earthquake\nTadao Shimoma thought that the earthquake was a combination of the Tatsuda fault and unsuccessful volcanic activities, since there were injections of aerosol into the air at many places around Mt. Kinpo, Ninotake and Sannotake. He claimed the Kinpo mountains (now showing no volcanic activities) are similar to Mt. Unzen in petrology. The photographs were considered the earliest earthquake damage photos in Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028531-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Lafayette football team\nThe 1889 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1889 college football season. Playing without a regular coach, the team compiled a 3\u20134\u20132 record and was outscored by a total of 88 to 78. Harry Mackey was the team captain, and E. Snodgrass was the manager. The team played its home games on The Quad in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028532-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Lancashire County Council election\nElections to Lancashire County Council were held in May 1889. The council was newly created, and at the time covered the entire administrative county of Lancashire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028532-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Lancashire County Council election\nParty politics played a limited role in Lancashire politics at the time, and would remain limited until the First World War. As a result, the election saw limited competition, with only 38.1% of divisions contested, in contrast to the 56.3% average across England & Wales in the 1889 local elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028532-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Lancashire County Council election\nThe limited role of party politics was also seen in the composition of the council leadership, with the first county Chairman being J. T. Hibbert, a Liberal, while his Vice-Chairman, C. R. Jackson, was a Conservative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028533-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Lehigh football team\nThe 1889 Lehigh football team represented Lehigh University in the 1889 college football season. The team finished with an overall record of 8\u20133\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028534-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Liberian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liberia in 1889. In the presidential election, the result was a victory for incumbent Hilary R. W. Johnson of the True Whig Party, who was re-elected for a fourth term, the first candidate to achieve four consecutive election victories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028535-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1889 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the third staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028535-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nSouth Liberties won the championship after a 1-02 to 0-03 defeat of Caherline in the final. It was their second championship title overall and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028536-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Lincoln by-election\nA 1889 by-election in the Lincoln electorate was held to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Arthur O'Callaghan from the Lincoln electorate. The by-election was won by Alfred Saunders, who beat John Ollivier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028536-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Lincoln by-election, Background\nSince the Lincoln electorate was established in 1881, it had been held by Arthur O'Callaghan. O'Callaghan was taken to the Christchurch Magistrate's Court over unpaid wages towards the end of 1888. He became insolvent and resigned from Parliament on 9 November 1888. John Ollivier, best known for his activities on the Canterbury Provincial Council and last represented in Parliament in 1860, announced his candidacy on the day of O'Callaghan's resignation. Other possible candidates whose interest was discussed in the media were Edward George Wright, William Rolleston and Alfred Saunders. Wright had contested the 1887 election in the Avon electorate and had been beaten by Edwin Blake. Rolleston had contested the Rangitata electorate in 1887 and had been beaten by Searby Buxton, ending 19 uninterrupted years as a Member of the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 896]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028536-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Lincoln by-election, Background\nIn an editorial, the Wanganui Chronicle argued that Rolleston should be returned for his immense ability. The editor of the Ashburton Guardian put forward that if all four candidates should contest the election, then Ollivier would have the best chance of getting elected, as he was the only opposition politician, whereas the other three would split the votes as ministerialists. The editor of The Evening Post' lamented that it was likely that Saunders was to be returned:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028536-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Lincoln by-election, Background\nDuring the last 20 years we have never known any member of the House of Representatives so politically disliked and distrusted on all sides as was Mr. Saunders when he occupied a seat in that Chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028536-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Lincoln by-election, Background\nWith John Woodward, another candidate came forward. At a meeting in Springston on 23 November 1888, the political novice spoke to a large crowd. Never having addressed a large audience before, the nervous speaker had to read much of his message. He finished the meeting by singing a hymn that he had composed himself, 'God Bless New Zealand', to the tune of the national anthem. Possibly due to the performance of the hymn, papers all over New Zealand reported on the meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028536-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Lincoln by-election, Background\nAt the nomination meeting on 9 January 1889, Ollivier and Saunders were put forward, with the latter winning the show of hands. Saunders congratulated Ollivier for the humorous and witty campaign and remarked that \"he had not heard a more amusing speech at a nomination than that of Mr Ollivier\". The by-election was held on 16 January and was won by Saunders with 676 votes to 332.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028536-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Lincoln by-election, Results\nResults of the Lincoln by-election held on 16 January 1889 were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028536-0007-0000", "contents": "1889 Lincoln by-election, Results\nThere were 11 polling booths. Ollivier won the booths in Cass, Springfield and Darfield. Saunders won the booths in Lincoln, Springston, Yaldhurst, West Melton, Prebbleton, Sheffield, Halkett, and Kirwee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028536-0008-0000", "contents": "1889 Lincoln by-election, Results\nSaunders represented the electorate until the end of the term in 1890, at which time the electorate was abolished. He successfully contested the Selwyn electorate in the 1890 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028537-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Friday 1 November 1889. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028537-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Election\nAt the meeting of the Council on 9 November 1892, the terms of office of eight alderman expired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 57], "content_span": [58, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028537-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Election\nThe following eight were elected as Aldermen by the Council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 9 November 1889 for a term of six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 57], "content_span": [58, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028537-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 15, South Toxteth, Tuesday 26 November 1889\nCaused by the election of William Radcliffe (Conservative, South Toxteth, elected 1 November 1888) being elected as an alderman on 9 November 1889", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 99], "content_span": [100, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028537-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 14, West Derby, Tuesday 17 December 1889\nFollowing the resignation of Sir Andrew Barclay Walker as an alderman, Councillor William John Lunt (Conservative, West Derby, elected 1 November 1887) was elected as an Alderman by the Council on 4 December 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 96], "content_span": [97, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028537-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 12, Lime Street, Tuesday 25 February 1890\nThe resignation of Alderman Sir David Radcliffe was reported to the Council on 8 January 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 97], "content_span": [98, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028537-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 12, Lime Street, Tuesday 25 February 1890\nCouncillor Thomas William Oakshott (Conservative. Lime Street, elected 1 November 1887), was elected as an Alderman by the Council on 5 February 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 97], "content_span": [98, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028537-0007-0000", "contents": "1889 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 3, Vauxhall, Friday 23 May 1890\nThe death, on 5 May 1890, of Councillor Patrick Byrne (Irish Home Rule, Vauxhall, elected 1 November 1887)  was reported to the Council on 7 May 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028538-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Louisville Colonels season\nThe 1889 Louisville Colonels season was a season in American baseball. The team finished with a 27\u2013111 record, last in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028538-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Louisville Colonels season\nThe Colonels were the first Major League team to lose more than 100 games in a season. The previous record for losses was 92, set by the Washington Nationals in 1886 and matched by the Cleveland Blues in 1887. The record would be broken again in 1890 by the Pittsburgh Alleghenys, but remained the AA record until the league folded in 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028538-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Louisville Colonels season, Offseason\nPrior to the start of the season, team owner Mordecai Davidson brought in Dude Esterbrook to manage the team, replacing Davidson himself. He was also seeking a buyer for the team, as his own finances were precarious.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028538-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Louisville Colonels season, Regular season, Early season woes\nThe 1889 season was a tumultuous one for the Colonels. Manager Esterbrook fined several players, and was fired just ten games into the season. Outfielder Jimmy \"Chicken\" Wolf was appointed team captain, although Davidson traveled with the team as well to ensure their good behavior \u2013 which proved quite unpopular.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 66], "content_span": [67, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028538-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Louisville Colonels season, Regular season, Early season woes\nDavidson continued to attempt to sell the club as the season progressed, but to no avail. He, too, began levying fines, and the local media was harsh on both the owner and the team. On May 22, the team began a losing streak that would eventually reach 26 straight games, which still stands as the all-time Major League record as of 2018. Most of the losses came during a stretch from May 24 until July 1 in which the team played just three games at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 66], "content_span": [67, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028538-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Louisville Colonels season, Regular season, The strike\nThings were no better from the perspective of the AA. Financial difficulties had caused the team to miss payroll on three occasions, and the players alerted AA president Wheeler C. Wyckoff to the problem. This led the AA to call a meeting to discuss the issue on June 14. On the way to the meeting, Davidson was confronted by his players calling for the rescinding of previous fines, threatening to strike if refused. Davidson instead upped the ante, threatening to fine the players further if they lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028538-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Louisville Colonels season, Regular season, The strike\nThe team was scheduled to play against the Baltimore Orioles that day, and following Davidson's actions, five members of the club refused to take the field. Three local semi-pro players, Charles Fisher, Mike Gaule and John Traffley, were recruited to join the remaining players on the field to allow the game to commence. The game was cancelled after just two innings due to rain, and was rescheduled for the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028538-0007-0000", "contents": "1889 Louisville Colonels season, Regular season, The strike\nAt the meeting, Davidson admitted that he could not fulfill his obligations of ownership, but left promising to strengthen the team upon threat of the league taking control of the franchise. Davidson and Wyckoff met the players at their hotel the next day, but Davidson still refused to rescind the player fines. The team took the field with the semi-pros still in the lineup, losing 4\u20132 in a game shortened by rain to five innings. The second game was cancelled, and Wyckoff promised the players a hearing to return to the club for the next game. None of the three replacements ever played in the majors again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028538-0008-0000", "contents": "1889 Louisville Colonels season, Regular season, Continuing problems\nDavidson met payroll on June 21, but only by accounting for new fines to the team's players. In some cases, the fines exceeded the players' salary, and they were told they owed the club money. Star outfielder Pete Browning was fined $335, and total team fines came to $1,800, $1,200 of which was attributed to the walkout. Guy Hecker began taking steps towards founding a branch of John Montgomery Ward's Brotherhood of Professional Base Ball Players for the AA. On June 24, Davidson hired local bouncer Buck McKinney, ostensibly as team manager. While Wolf continued to handle on-field duties, McKinney traveled with the team to keep an eye on the players for the owner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 68], "content_span": [69, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028538-0009-0000", "contents": "1889 Louisville Colonels season, Regular season, Davidson gives up\nBy July 2, however, another payroll was due, and when it became apparent that he would be unable to meet it, Davidson decided to turn the team over to the AA. He did so officially on July 5, at the same time that the players received their hearing from Wyckoff. On July 10, all previous fines were remitted, with the exception of those associated with the June 15 walkout. While local owners were quickly secured, the team continued to spiral downward, and after the season the team was bought by local distillery owner Barney Dreyfuss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 66], "content_span": [67, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028538-0010-0000", "contents": "1889 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028538-0011-0000", "contents": "1889 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028538-0012-0000", "contents": "1889 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028539-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Maltese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Malta on 24 and 25 September 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028539-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Maltese general election, Background\nThe elections were held under the Knutsford Constitution. Ten members were elected from single-member constituencies, whilst a further four members were elected to represent nobility and landowners, graduates, clerics and the Chamber of Commerce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028539-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Maltese general election, Results\nA total of 9,777 people were registered to vote, of which just 3,383 cast votes, giving a turnout of 35%. Sigismondo Savona won constituencies I and II, resulting in a by-election for district II in November in which Saverio DePirlo was elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028540-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1889 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1889 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028541-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1889 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1889. Incumbent Republican Governor Oliver Ames did not run for re-election to a fourth term in office. He was succeeded by his Lt. Governor John Q. A. Brackett, who defeated Democratic Mayor of Cambridge William Russell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028542-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 110th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1889 during the governorship of Oliver Ames. Harris C. Hartwell served as president of the Senate and William Emerson Barrett served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028542-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Massachusetts legislature\nWhen in session at the state house in Boston, a few of the legislators stayed overnight in Adams House, the American House, Hotel Brunswick, Norfolk House, Quincy House, Richwood House, or the United States Hotel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028543-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Melbourne Cup\nThe 1889 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 5 November 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028543-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Melbourne Cup\nThis year was the 29th running of the Melbourne Cup. The race is best known for 1890 winner Carbine finishing second. Bravo was sired by 1880 Melbourne Cup winner Grand Flaneur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028543-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Melbourne Cup\nThis is the list of placegetters for the 1889 Melbourne Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election\nThe first election to the Merionethshire County Council was held on 18 January 1889. It was followed by the 1892 election. The county was divided into numerous single member wards with two councillors elected to represent some of the urban areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Overview of the result\n1889 was a landmark years in the history of Welsh Liberalism, a coming of age symbolized by the triumph across Wales of Liberal candidates in the inaugural county council elections. The outcome was very similar to that in Cardiganshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 67], "content_span": [68, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Contested Elections\nThere were a large number of contested elections and the majorities were small in most instances. In most cases there were contests between Liberal and Conservative candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 64], "content_span": [65, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, The New Council\nThe first meeting of the council was held in Dolgellau.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 60], "content_span": [61, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Summary of Results\nThis section summarises the detailed results which are noted in the following sections. This was the inaugural county election and therefore no comparison can be made with the previous elections. One councillor was described as an Independent candidate but was also grouped in some reports with the Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 63], "content_span": [64, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Summary of Results\nThis table summarises the result of the elections in all wards. 42 councillors were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 63], "content_span": [64, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Summary of Results\nThis table summarises the position following the election of aldermen. Eight were elected from among the elected members and eight from outside the council. This brought the total number of councillors and aldermen to 56.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 63], "content_span": [64, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0007-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Summary of Results\nThis table summarises the position following the by-elections for the three seats vacated following the election of aldermen. Technically these were new seats, taking the total number of councillors to 56. However, the Liberals defended three seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 63], "content_span": [64, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0008-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Bala District\nRichard Jones was a prominent figure in the public life of Bala, serving on many bodies. He was elected alderman at the first meeting of the Council but died suddenly in February, aged 65.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 67], "content_span": [68, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0009-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Barmouth Urban District\nLewis Lewis, gentleman, of Hillside, Barmouth, defeated John Robert Davies, gentleman, of Compton House, Barmouth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 77], "content_span": [78, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0010-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Conglywal District\nRobert Roberts, physician and surgeon, of Isallt, Blaenau Festiniog defeated Joseph Rhydwen Parry, Independent minister, of Manod Road, Blaenau Ffestiniog.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 72], "content_span": [73, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0011-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Cynfal and Teigl District (two seats)\nWilliam Davies, farmer, of Caerblaidd, Ffestiniog and John Hughes, farmer, of Hafodfawrisaf, Maentwrog, were elected at the expense of George Henry Ellis, solicitor, of Penymount, Ffestiniog and Edward Henry Jonathan, draper, of Paris House, Four Crosses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 91], "content_span": [92, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0012-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Harlech District\nRichard Thomas Jones, surgeon, of Penygarth Villa, Harlech defeated John Owen, farmer, of Brynartro, Llanfair.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0013-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Llanaber\nCharles Williams of Hengwm, Llanaber defeated John Jones, farmer, of Llwyndu, Barmouth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 62], "content_span": [63, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0014-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Llanfor\nRichard John Price of Rhiwlas defeated William Thomas Rowlands, farmer, of Tanycoed, Llanfor (L).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 61], "content_span": [62, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0015-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Llanfrothen\nJohn Jones, gentleman, of Ynysfor, Llanfrothen defeated William Hughes, farmer, of Cwmcaeth, Nantmor, Beddgelert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 65], "content_span": [66, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0016-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Llansantffraid and Corwen Combined Districts (three seats)\nWilliam Ffoulkes Jones, timber merchant, of the Terrace, Corwen; Robert David Roberts, wholesale grocer, of Glandwr, Corwen, and Hugh Cernyw Williams, Baptist minister, of London Road, Corwen were elected at the expense of David Robert Jones, surgeon, of the Terrace, Bridge Street, Corwen and Horatio Edward Walker, surgeon, of Plasyndref, Corwen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 112], "content_span": [113, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0017-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Maenofferen and Diphwys Combined District (two seats)\nJohn Parry Jones of the District Bank, Blaenau Ffestiniog and Robert Owen Jones, solicitor, of High Street, Blaenau Ffestiniog were elected at the expense of Morris Jones, flour dealer, of Blaenbowydd House, Blaenau Ffestiniog.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 107], "content_span": [108, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0018-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Maentwrog\nWilliam Edward Oakeley of Plas Tanybwlch defeated Griffith Ceidiog Roberts, nonconformist minister of Gwyndy, Maentwrog. In what was described as the first Liberal meeting held at Maentwrog, in support of Roberts's candidature, Tom Ellis MP spoke for over an hour and a half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 63], "content_span": [64, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0019-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Penrhyn and Talsarnau (two seats)\nJ. B. Jones, miller, of Brynyfelin and John Rowe, quarry manager, of Glasfryn View, Penrhyn, were elected at the expense of Edmund Morgan Roberts, farmer, of Cefntrefor- isaf, Talsarnau and John Morgan, grocer, of Canton House, High Street, Blaenau Ffestiniog.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 87], "content_span": [88, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0020-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Trawsfynydd Eastern and Western Districts (two seats)\nJohn Humphreys, physician and surgeon, of Fronwynion-street, Trawsfynydd and Robert Hugh Pughe, farmer, of Brynllefrith, Trawsfynydd, were elected at the expense of David Tegid Jones, farmer, of Y Goppa and William Evans, draper, of Meirion House, Trawsfynydd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 107], "content_span": [108, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0021-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nIn addition to the 42 councillors the council consisted of 14 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the election of the initial sixteen aldermen, half of the aldermanic bench would be  elected every three years following the triennial council election. After the initial elections, there were sixteen Aldermanic vacancies and the following Alderman were appointed by the newly elected council:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 65], "content_span": [66, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0022-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nOnly three of those elected were members of the council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 65], "content_span": [66, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0023-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Aldermanic Vacancies 1889-1895\nRichard Jones died suddenly in February 1889, creating an immediate vacancy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 75], "content_span": [76, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0024-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, Aldermanic Vacancies 1889-1895\nTherefore, the following appointment was made for the remaining six years in May 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 75], "content_span": [76, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028544-0025-0000", "contents": "1889 Merionethshire County Council election, By-elections, Bala by-election\nEdward Watkin, land agent, Rhiwlas, standing as an Independent, defeated the Liberal candidate by fifteen votes. Richard Jones, who had been elected alderman, died three days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 75], "content_span": [76, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028545-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1889 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University during the 1889 college football season. In its second season, Miami went undefeated and had a 4\u20130 record. There was no paid head coach for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028546-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1889 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1889 college football season. The Wolverines played their home games at Ann Arbor Fairgrounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028547-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1889 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota during the 1889 college football season. This was the only season to feature game coaches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028547-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Before the season\nAfter Fred Jones stopped actively coaching, the team used game coaches for one season instead of finding a replacement for him. The McCords, like Coach Peebles, had played football at Princeton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 62], "content_span": [63, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028547-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Before the season\n1889 finally saw the formation of a football association. Before 1889, there wasn't any kind of official connection between the football team and the student body, which sometimes resulted in player shortages and required recruitment from other schools in order to have enough men to play in the games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 62], "content_span": [63, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028547-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Before the season\nOnce again, an attempt was made to schedule a game with the University of Michigan, but \"Michigan wanted Minnesota to pay all of the expenses of the trip, which would amount to two hundred dollars. The Minnesota management was not able to see its way clear to guarantee this and so the game was given up.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 62], "content_span": [63, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028547-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Before the season\nTeam of 1889: Quarterback, Alf F. Pillsbury (captain); Halfbacks, George K. Belden, John F. Hayden; Fullback, Grant Rossman; Rush Line, Birney E. Trask (l.e. ), A.J. Harris (l.t. ), R.B. Brower (l.g. ), E.H. Day (r.e. ), J.E. Madigan (r.t.), George C. Sikes (r.g. ), H.R. Robinson (center); Substitutes, M.B. Davidson, Charles E. Guthrie and W.M. Thompson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 62], "content_span": [63, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028548-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Mississippi gubernatorial election\nThe 1889 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 1, 1889, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. This election was the last held under the Constitution of 1868. The 1890 constitution, adopted a year after the election, effectively disenfranchised African-Americans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028548-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Mississippi gubernatorial election, General election\nIn the general election, Democratic candidate John Marshall Stone, who previously served as governor from 1876 until 1882, ran unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028549-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Monaro colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Monaro on 17 December 1889 because of the death  of Harold Stephen (Protectionist).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028550-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Montana gubernatorial election\nThe 1889 Montana gubernatorial election took place on October 1, 1889. This was the first gubernatorial election in Montana. Democratic candidate Joseph Toole narrowly beat Republican candidate Thomas C. Power. Toole was the only Democrat elected for Montana's six executive offices. Toole was sworn in on November 8, 1889, and his term ended January 2, 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028550-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Montana gubernatorial election\nToole would be elected again in 1900 and 1904. He resigned near the end of his third term due to ill health. He is the longest served Governor of Montana, at 11 years, and the only Governor elected to nonconsecutive terms. Power would be elected United States Senator by the Montana Legislature after statehood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028551-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Montgomeryshire County Council election\nThe first elections to the Montgomeryshire County Council were held in January 1889. They were followed by the 1892 election. The county was divided into numerous single member wards with two councillors elected to represent some of the urban areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028551-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Montgomeryshire County Council election, Overview of the Result\n1889 was one of those landmark years in the history of Welsh Liberalism, a coming of age symbolized by the triumph across Wales of Liberal candidates in the inaugural county council elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028551-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Montgomeryshire County Council election, Contested Elections\nThere were a large number of contested elections and the majorities were small in most instances. In most cases there were contests between Liberal and Conservative candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 65], "content_span": [66, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028551-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Montgomeryshire County Council election, The New Council\nThe first meeting of the council was held in Montgomery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028551-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Montgomeryshire County Council election, Results, Llanbrynmair\nH.L. Smith, land agent, of Brynllys defeated A.P.Howell of Pandy Pennant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 67], "content_span": [68, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028551-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Montgomeryshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nIn addition to the xx councillors the council consisted of yy county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the election of the initial xx aldermen, half of the aldermanic bench would be  elected every three years following the triennial council election. After the initial elections, there were xx Aldermanic vacancies and the following Alderman were appointed by the newly elected council:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028552-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 NYU Violets football team\nThe 1889 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1889 college football season. The Violets compiled an 0\u20132 record for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028553-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1889 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1889 college football season. The team compiled a 4\u20131\u20131 record and outscored opponents 112 to 42  In the ninth installment of the Johns Hopkins\u2013Navy football rivalry, Navy lost by a 36 to 0 score. The team captain was Albertus Catlin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028554-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Nelson by-election\nThe 1889 Nelson by-election was a by-election held on 3 April 1889 in the Nelson electorate during the 10th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028554-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Nelson by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death on 11 February of the incumbent MP Henry Levestam. The by-election was won by Joseph Harkness. He was opposed by the Mayor of Nelson, John Sharp. Sharp had been the MP until he resigned in 1879.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028555-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 New Jersey gubernatorial election\nThe 1889 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1889. Democratic nominee Leon Abbett defeated Republican nominee Edward Burd Grubb Jr. with 51.37% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028556-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 New South Wales colonial election\nThe 1889 New South Wales colonial election was held between 1 February and 16 February 1889. This election was for all of the 137 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 37 single-member constituencies, nineteen 2-member constituencies, ten 3-member constituencies and eight 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Part 1 (section 13) of the Electoral Act of 1880 had awarded the right to vote to 'every male subject of Her Majesty of the full age of twenty-one years and absolutely free being a natural born or naturalized'. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 19 January 1889 by the Governor, Lord Carrington, on the advice of the Premier, George Dibbs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 776]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028556-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 New South Wales colonial election\nDibbs had assumed office shortly before the election after the previous Premier, Sir Henry Parkes, lost a vote on the floor of the Assembly. Dibbs' Protectionists never commanded a majority on the floor of the Assembly in this period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028556-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 New South Wales colonial election, Results\nNew South Wales colonial election, 1 \u2013 16 February 1889\u200aLegislative Assembly << 1887\u20131891 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028557-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 New York Athletic Club football team\nThe 1889 New York Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the New York Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1889 college football season. The team played its home games at the Polo Grounds in New York City, compiled a 4\u20135 record (1\u20134 against AFU opponents), and shut out two opponents. The New York team was not always able to employ elven men on the field, forced to place with ten, nine, or even eight men on account of shortages in available members throughout the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028558-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 New York Giants season\nThe 1889 New York Giants season was the franchise's 7th season. The team finished first in the National League with a record of 83\u201343. They beat the Boston Beaneaters by just one game. The Beaneaters won the same number of games as the Giants, but lost two more games, giving the pennant to the Giants. The Giants went on to face the American Association champion Brooklyn Bridegrooms in the 1889 World Series, winning six games to three. The series marked the first meeting between the Giants and the team that would become the Dodgers, a rivalry that continues to this day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028558-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028558-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028558-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028558-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028558-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028558-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 New York Giants season, 1889 World Series\nThe Giants beat the Brooklyn Bridegrooms six games to three in the World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028559-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 New York state election\nThe 1889 New York state election was held on November 5, 1889, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer and a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028559-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 New York state election, History\nThe Prohibition state convention met on September 4 and 5 at Shakespeare Hall in Syracuse, New York. Prof. Alphonso A. Hopkins presided. Jesse H. Griffen, a Quaker of Yorktown, was nominated for Secretary of State; Joseph W. Bruce for Treasurer; Benjamin L. Rand, a 30-year-old banker of Tonawanda, for Treasurer; Alpheus B. Kenyon, a professor of Alfred University, for State Engineer; and Coleridge A. Hart, a 35-year-old lawyer of New York City, for Attorney General; and Walter Farrington for the Court of Appeals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028559-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on September 25 at Saratoga, New York, and nominated John I. Gilbert, of Franklin County, for Secretary of State; Martin W. Cooke, of Monroe County, for Comptroller; Ira M. Hedges, of Rockland County, for Attorney General; James M. Varnum, of New York City, for Treasurer; William V. Van Rensselaer for State Engineer; and Albert Haight for the Court of Appeals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028559-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on October 1 at the Alhambra in Syracuse, New York. Lt . Gov. Edward F. Jones was Temporary and Permanent Chairman. Frank Rice was nominated for Secretary of State by acclamation. Comptroller Edward Wemple was re-nominated on the first ballot (vote: Wemple 265, Edward A. Maher 115\u00bd). Wemple's nomination was not \"made unanimous.\" Attorney General Charles F. Tabor was re-nominated on the first ballot (vote: Tabor 266, John Foley 115). State Engineer John Bogart was re-nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028559-0003-0001", "contents": "1889 New York state election, History\nEx-Attorney General Denis O'Brien (in office 1884-1887) was nominated unanimously for the Court of Appeals after the name of Edward S. Rapallo had been proposed but withdrawn considering the ballots for Comptroller and Attorney General. The ticket, composed by Gov. David B. Hill and ordered to be pushed through the convention, had actually been published two days before the delegates met.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028559-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 New York state election, History\nMembers of the disbanding Greenback Party met on October 21 at the Grand Central Hotel in New York City. George O. Jones presided. They nominated Thomas K. Beecher for Secretary of State; J. Madison Hall, of Madison County, for Treasurer; John B. Sullivan, of Westchester County, for Comptroller; and James Wright, of Wayne County, for Attorney General.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028560-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election\nThe 1889 New Zealand Liberal leadership election was held on 6 July to choose who would lead New Zealand's parliamentary opposition and, ultimately, decide the inaugural leader of the New Zealand Liberal Party. The election was won by Wanganui MP John Ballance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028560-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Background\nAfter the Stout\u2013Vogel Ministry had been defeated in the polls at the 1887 election parliament's liberal wing was in disarray. The MPs had lost their leader Sir Robert Stout, and were overwhelmingly tasked with defeating the sitting ministry headed by Harry Atkinson at the next general election. Sir Julius Vogel became the leader of the opposition with Stout out of Parliament, however he too decided to retire in early 1889. Parliament continued and the opposition politicians were in limbo with little real leadership. To address these concerns a caucus was organised to select a new leader from amongst them to rival Atkinson and win back power in 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 62], "content_span": [63, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028560-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Candidates, John Ballance\nBallance had been a leading figure in parliament's liberal faction for years and was a prominent critic of Atkinson. He had been a minister in the two previous liberal ministries of Sir George Grey and Sir Robert Stout. After Stout lost his seat in 1887, Ballance had been urging him to return and once again lead the liberal cause in parliament. Stout declined, and after his retirement from politics was known to Ballance, he took the initiative to stake his own claim to the leadership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 77], "content_span": [78, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028560-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Candidates, William Campbell Walker\nWalker had been in Parliament from 1884 representing the Ashburton electorate. Since 1887 he had been the opposition Whip. Like Ballance, he had progressive views and was a personal friend of both him and Stout. Prior to entering parliament he had involved in provincial politics as a member of the Canterbury Provincial Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 87], "content_span": [88, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028560-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Result\nThe election was conducted through a members' ballot by the opposition caucus upon which Ballance was successful. Walker made known his support for Ballance and a second vote entailed at his request, the vote unanimous.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 58], "content_span": [59, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028560-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Aftermath\nJohn Ballance led the Liberals until his death in 1893 including two years as Prime Minister, forming his own ministry in 1891 after winning the 1890 election. He took on the leadership by stating to caucus that he accepted 'not without much hesitation' and feeling it was his duty. The Premier, Harry Atkinson, congratulated Ballance on winning the leadership at Parliament's next sitting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 61], "content_span": [62, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028561-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Newcastle colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Newcastle on 12 October 1889 because of the resignation of William Grahame who had financial difficulties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028562-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Newfoundland general election\nThe 1889 Newfoundland general election was held on 6 November 1889 to elect members of the 16th General Assembly of Newfoundland in Newfoundland Colony. The Reform Party administration of Robert Thorburn was defeated in favour of the Liberal Party led by William Whiteway formed the government. Reform soon disappeared and was replaced by the Orange Order based Tory Party. This was the first general election held in Newfoundland using the secret ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028563-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1889 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina in the 1889 college football season. They scheduled two games with a final record of 1\u20131. The University would not field another football team until 1891. The team captains for the 1889 season were Lacy Little and Steve Bragaw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028564-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 North Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1889 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on October 1, 1889. Republican nominee John Miller defeated Democratic nominee William N. Roach with 66.58% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028565-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Northwestern Purple football team\nThe 1889 Northwestern Purple football team was an American football team that represented Northwestern University during the 1889 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20132 record. Only one of the five games was an intercollegiate game, a 9\u20130 loss to Notre Dame on November 14, 1889, in Evanston. The game was the first meeting in the Northwestern\u2013Notre Dame football rivalry. Northwestern also played games against Evanston High School (18\u20134 victory), the Chicago University Club (0\u201328 loss), and the Wanderers Athletic Club (22\u20130 victory).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028566-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Notre Dame football team\nThe 1889 Notre Dame football team was an American football team that represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1889 college football season. The team had no coach and played only one game during the fall of 1889, a 9\u20130 victory over Northwestern at Evanston, Illinois, on November 14, 1889. The victory over Northwestern University was the first over another collegiate football team for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football program. It was also Notre Dame's first win against a future FBS football program. It would not be until 1897, with a 34\u20135 win against Michigan Agricultural (known today as Michigan State), that this accomplishment would be replicated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028567-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Nottinghamshire County Council election\nElections to the first Nottinghamshire County Council were held on 15 January 1889. The new council consisted of 68 members; 51 councillors and 17 aldermen. Of the 17 aldermen, 7 were elected from the county council, and 10 from outside the county council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028567-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Nottinghamshire County Council election\nAmongst those elected was one Labour Electoral Association candidate; William Mellors, who topped the poll in the Byron Division. Five candidates, including Mellors ran in the division, with 2 Conservatives also being elected, whilst three Liberals failed to be elected. Following the vote the Liberal candidates accused Mellors of splitting the vote. Following the election the council was controlled by Conservatives and allied political independents, and their control would continue until 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028567-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Nottinghamshire County Council election\nFollowing the election Henry Strutt, 2nd Baron Belper was nominated as chairman. Over half of the councils members came from Nottinghamshire's landowning class, although this would decline in later years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028567-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Nottinghamshire County Council election\nProvisional meetings of the new County Council were held on 24 January and 28 February 1889, with the first full meeting being held on 1 April 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028568-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Oamaru by-election\nThe 1889 Oamaru by-election was a by-election held on 30 September 1889 in the Oamaru electorate during the 10th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028568-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Oamaru by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Thomas William Hislop. Hislop was returned as the MP. He was opposed by Mr D. Dunn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028568-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Oamaru by-election\nHislop's majority was reduced from 136 to 134 after two votes were removed. One person was charged with voting twice (personation).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028569-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1889 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1889. Democratic nominee James E. Campbell defeated incumbent Republican Joseph B. Foraker with 48.91% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028570-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Open Championship\nThe 1889 Open Championship was the 29th Open Championship, held 8 November at the Musselburgh Links, Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland. Andrew Kirkaldy and Willie Park Jr. were tied on 155 each. They had a 36-hole playoff on 11 November, Park winning by five strokes from Kirkaldy. This was the sixth and last time the Open was played at Musselburgh. It was replaced by Muirfield as the venue for the 1892 Open Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028570-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Open Championship\nA number of players scored 39 in the first round but after two round Kirkaldy had the lead with a total of 77. Park was a stroke behind on 78 with Ben Sayers on 79. After the third round, Kirkaldy and Park drew clear of the field, Kirkaldy still holding a one stroke lead. Kirkaldy led by two after Park made a bad start to the final round. However Kirkaldy finished badly, taking four at the short 7th and 9th holes while Park took three at the two holes and so the two player were tied on 155, four clear of Sayers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028570-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Open Championship\nPlay started until 10:30\u00a0a.m. \"but as the day wore on it became apparent that an earlier start would have been more satisfactory\". The problems with playing on a nine-hole course in November became clear and players not in contention were offered 5 shillings not to play in the final round so that the leading players could finish before darkness descended. As it was, the last few competitors played in the dark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028570-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Open Championship\nThe playoff took place three days later. Park got off to the best start in the playoff and led by four after the first round. However, in the second round Park was in trouble at the 3rd hole where he had to lift, taking a two stroke penalty, and taking eight. Park was in more trouble at the next two holes and Kirkaldy took a one stroke lead at that point. However, Park played the last four holes four strokes better than Kirkaldy and finished the morning play with a three-shot lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028570-0003-0001", "contents": "1889 Open Championship\nAfter an hour break and in front of about a thousand spectators both played an excellent third round, Park scoring 37 to Kirkaldy's 38, so that Park now led by four strokes. Kirkaldy reduced the lead to three at the first hole of the final round but then they halved the next six holes. The championship was finally decided at the 8th where Kirkaldy was bunkered and took six.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028570-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Open Championship\nPark's win marked the end of Scottish hegemony at the Open Championship. His victory was the 29th consecutive victory for Scottish golfers. The streak was broken the next year at the 1890 Open Championship by Englishman John Ball. In general, golfers from Jersey and England would dominate the Open in the 1890s, winning eight of the ten events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028570-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Open Championship\nThis streak of 29 consecutive major championship victories (none of the other major championships existed yet) from one nation remains the longest ever. The next closest is 17 consecutive victories from American golfers that ended at the 1947 U.S. Open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028571-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Orange Athletic Club football team\nThe 1889 Orange Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Orange Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1889 college football season. The team played its home games at the Grove Street grounds in East Orange, New Jersey, and compiled a 6\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028572-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Ottawa Hockey Club season\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by InternetArchiveBot (talk | contribs) at 01:12, 17 November 2019 (Bluelink 1 book for verifiability.) #IABot (v2.0) (GreenC bot). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028572-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Ottawa Hockey Club season\nThe 1889 Ottawa Hockey Club season was the fourth season of play of the Ottawa Hockey Club. The Ottawa Hockey Club re-organized after the opening of the Rideau Skating Rink, after playing no competitive games in the 1888 winter season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028572-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Team business\nP. D. Ross, the new publisher of the Ottawa Journal became the team president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 45], "content_span": [46, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028572-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Season\nThe captain was Frank Jenkins, and the other players were Halder Kirby, Jack Kerr, Nelson Porter, Ross, George Young, Weldy Young, Thomas D. Green, William O'Dell, Tom Gallagher, Albert Low and Henry Ami. In 1889, the club did not issue any challenges for the AHAC title. The club played only one match against an outside club, an exhibition at the Rideau Rink against the Montreal Hockey Club 'second' team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028573-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Pakhmutova\n1889 Pakhmutova, provisional designation 1968 BE, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028573-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Pakhmutova\nIt was discovered by Russian astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj on 24 January 1968. The asteroid was named after Russian composer Aleksandra Pakhmutova.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028573-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Pakhmutova, Orbit and classification\nPakhmutova orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7\u20133.4\u00a0AU once every 5 years and 5 months (1,984 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 13\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as 1942 JM at Johannesburg Observatory in 1942. Its first used observation was made in 1968, when it was identified as 1966 US at the discovering observatory, extending the body's observation arc by 2 years prior to its official discovery observation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 41], "content_span": [42, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028573-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Pakhmutova, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nThis asteroid has a mean-diameter between 33.53 and 37.68 kilometers, and an albedo between 0.05 and 0.0752, as measured by the space-based Akari, IRAS and WISE/NEOWISE surveys. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0574 and a diameter of 33.41 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 62], "content_span": [63, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028573-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Pakhmutova, Physical characteristics, Rotation period and poles\nIn February 2006, a rotational lightcurve was obtained by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory (716) in Colorado. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 17.490 hours with a brightness variation of 0.50 in magnitude (U=3-). Photometric observations at the Palomar Transient Factory in February 2012, gave a period of 17.5226 hours and an amplitude of 0.49 magnitude (U=2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 68], "content_span": [69, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028573-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Pakhmutova, Physical characteristics, Rotation period and poles\nIn 2011, a modeled lightcurve using data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue (UAPC) and other sources gave a period 17.5157 hours, as well as a spin axis of (22.0\u00b0, \u201376.0\u00b0; 167.0\u00b0, \u201340.0\u00b0) in ecliptic coordinates (\u03bb,\u2009\u03b2) (U=2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 68], "content_span": [69, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028573-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Pakhmutova, Naming\nThis minor planet was named in honor of the Russian composer Aleksandra Pakhmutova, one of the best known figures in Soviet and later Russian popular music. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3936).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028574-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Pembrokeshire County Council election\nThe first election to Pembrokeshire County Council was held in January 1889. It was followed by the 1892 election. The county was divided into numerous single member wards with two or more councillors elected to represent Tenby and Pembroke Dock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028574-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Pembrokeshire County Council election, Overview of the result\n1889 was a landmark year in the history of Welsh Liberalism, a coming of age symbolized by the triumph across Wales of Liberal candidates in the inaugural county council elections. The Liberal triumph in Pembrokeshire was not as complete as in other Welsh counties but was nevertheless significant. In the north of the county a number of landed gentry were defeated including James Bevan Bowen of Llwyngwair, former MP for the county of Pembrokeshire. There were only nine unopposed returns, most of whom were Liberals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028574-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Pembrokeshire County Council election, Ward Results, Pembroke Dock (five seats)\nNone of the candidates were said to have openly run on political lines and no meetings took place during the campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 84], "content_span": [85, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028574-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Pembrokeshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nIn addition to the 51 councillors the council consisted of 16 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the election of the initial sixteen aldermen, half of the aldermanic bench would be  elected every three years following the triennial council election. After the initial elections, there were sixteen aldermanic vacancies and the following Alderman were appointed by the newly elected council (with the number of votes cast recorded in each case). A second vote was held to determine which aldermen should retire in three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028574-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Pembrokeshire County Council election, By-elections, Pembroke Dock  by-election\nThe election to replace the Mayor of Pembroke was fought on political lines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 84], "content_span": [85, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028574-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Pembrokeshire County Council election, By-elections, St Ishmaels  by-election\nThe election which followed the elevation of Lord Kensington was not fought on political lines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 82], "content_span": [83, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028575-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1889 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1889 college football season. In its second season under head coach Woody Wagenhorst, the team compiled a 7\u20136 record and outscored opponents by a total of 198 to 165. No Penn players were honored on the 1889 All-America team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028576-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Penn State football team\nThe 1889 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College\u2014now known as Pennsylvania State University\u2013as an independent during the 1889 college football season. The team played its home games on the Old Main lawn in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028577-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1889 Philadelphia Athletics finished with a 75\u201358 record and finished in third place in the   American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028577-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028577-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028577-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028577-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028578-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028578-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028578-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028578-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028578-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028579-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season\nThe 1889 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season was the 8th season of the Pittsburgh Alleghenys franchise and their 3rd in the National League. The Alleghenys finished fifth in the league standings with a record of 61\u201371.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028579-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028579-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028579-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028579-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028580-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 20 October 1889. The result was a victory for the Progressive Party, which won 104 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028580-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Portuguese legislative election, Results\nThe results exclude the six seats won at national level and those from overseas territories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028581-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1889 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1889 college football season. The team finished with a 10\u20130 record and was retroactively named as the national champions by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis. It was Princeton's 15th national championship. The team outscored their opponents 484 to 29. The team was captained by Edgar Allan Poe, the second cousin of his namesake, the writer Edgar Allan Poe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028581-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Princeton Tigers football team\nFive Princeton players were selected by Caspar Whitney to the 1889 All-America college football team: quarterback Poe; halfback Roscoe Channing; fullback Knowlton Ames; tackle Hector Cowan; and center William George. Ames and Cowan were later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028582-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Purdue football team\nThe 1889 Purdue football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University as an independent during the 1889 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20131 record in the university's second season fielding an intercollegiate football team. Archaeologist and Harvard alumnus, George Andrew Reisner, was the team's coach. The team opened its season on November 16 with a 34\u201310 victory over DePauw for the first victory in Purdue football history and the first game played in Lafayette, Indiana. Purdue defeatedWabash the following week, 18\u20134, and concluded its season on November 29 with a 14\u20130 loss against Butler. J. M. Sholl was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028583-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Redfern colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Redfern on 8 July 1889 because of the death  of John Sutherland (Protectionist).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028584-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1889 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 3, 1889. Republican nominee Herbert W. Ladd defeated Democratic nominee John W. Davis with 39.13% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028585-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Richmond Colts football team\nThe 1889 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College\u2014now known as the University of Richmond\u2014as an independent during the 1889 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028586-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1889 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1889 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 1\u20134 record and were outscored their opponents, 92 to 22. The team had no coach, and its captain was James Bishop, Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final\nThe 1889 SAFA Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Norwood and Port Adelaide, held at the Adelaide Oval on the 5 October 1889. The match is recognised as \"the first ever grand final in Australian football\". The game resulted in a victory for Norwood, who beat Port Adelaide by two goals, marking the club's ninth premiership and third in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final\nNorwood's captain, Alfred Waldron, was considered the best player on the ground by field umpire John Trait. The match was attended by an estimated 11,000 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Background\nThe match was required after Port Adelaide and Norwood had ended with an identical win-loss-draw record at the conclusion of the regular 1889 SAFA season. Port Adelaide's two losses both were at the hands of Norwood. Meanwhile, Norwood's losses were one game to Port Adelaide and another to Adelaide. In Round 14 both clubs played the only draw of the 1889 SAFA season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Background, John Trait\nVictoria's top Australian rules football umpires John Trait was employed for the special match. In Melbourne media he was referred to as the \"Prince of Umpires\". When Trait took to the field he was greeted by a loud cheer. The match was considered the best of the  season in South Australia and partial credit was given to John Trait's umpiring helping facilitate the spectacle. James Shaw, the mayor of Adelaide at the time, complimented Trait after the match for his umpiring. After the game William Bushby approached Trait and said that himself and \"all his team were quite satisfied\" with the umpires decisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Background, Additional trains\nThe state government put on additional trains on the Port Adelaide line in anticipation for the large attendance for the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 52], "content_span": [53, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Background, Wagers\nA large amount of money was bet on the game compared to normal for football matches in Adelaide at the time. Overall Port Adelaide were favourites with punters early, especially with smaller bets. However, by the time the game started Norwood had been backed into favouritism as a result of some late large stakes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Background, Police clear Switchback rollercoaster\nExtra police were deployed for the match and post game reports suggest that there was little incident apart from the need to clear the switchback railway of people trying to garner a vantage point of the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 72], "content_span": [73, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0007-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary\nNorwood won the toss and elected to kick with the wind towards the Riverbank end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 36], "content_span": [37, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0008-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, First quarter\nAs a result of Norwood winning the toss, Port Adelaide's John McKenzie started the match and kicked north towards the scoreboard end. Straight away both teams played at a frantic pace. Following an even contest for the ball in front of the members' pavilion, Port Adelaide player Rudolph Ewers was thrown on the boundary-line. As a result, umpire Trait paid him a free. Ewers used this free to kick forward to George Davis, who himself would receive another free for a breach, and Hamilton obtaining from Davis with a beautiful kicked the first Grand Final's first goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0009-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, First quarter\nAfter scoring the first goal, the Port Adelaide players settled to work quickly. The dash of Port players had somewhat surprised Norwood, but they replied with an equally strong rush. Port Adelaide defender Tomlin for a moment averted the danger posed by the Norwood's rush, but Charlie Woods, who was following, aided by Daly, landed the leather right forward, where it went out. At the resulting throw in Charlie Woods was held and was awarded a free which he used to kick a goal and equalize the scores.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0010-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, First quarter\nRudolph Ewers of the Ports started the next play and beat his opponent Oswald Bertram forcing the Norwoods to quickly defend. A little mark gave Harry Phillips a chance but the often reliable player missed. Waldron and Rawson transferred to the centre, where Daly and McGrath sent it forward, bat Dempster was in the way, and the Ports with a fast rush stormed the Norwoods' citadel. Charlie Fry passed to Davis, and again the red flag went up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0011-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, First quarter\nBoth teams were making tremendous effort, and the football shown was of the highest quality. The Norwoods, who were reserving some of their men, had Roberts and McGrath off following, Woods and Wilson taking their places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0012-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, First quarter\nOff again, Norwood with a quick, concerted movement, placed the Ports on the defensive. Roberts tried a long shot, but the ball only landed in front. Woods marked a good distance off, and with unerring aim sent the sphere clean through the centre. Two goals each and no behinds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0013-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, First quarter\nAgain the eastern team, who were showing splendid, clean football, prevailed, Shaw being responsible for the sphere going forward. J. Fry relieved to the pavilion, but an exchange of marks gave McGaffin the ball, and he sent to Waldron, the old veteran, who was playing a wonderful game, passed to Slattery, and he from the side sent the ball again between the posts, but the umpire was not in a position to see the ball going through, and gave it a behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0014-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, First quarter\nNothing disheartened, the Norwoods returned to the attack, Charlie Woods sending it forward, and then Lowe made a mistake. The ball came up to goal, and instead of kicking with the wind, he turned round and dispatched across. The ball was rolling past the goal when Dixon making a desperate effort touched it with his foot, and it went through within six inches of the post.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0015-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, First quarter\nThe play was next taken to the Ports' forwards, where Roachock stopped the attack, but two brilliant marks by Webb and C. Fry gave the latter a chance, and he kicked right into goal. Bertram, relieved, and Phillips from a free gave Charlie Fry an opportunity which he fully capitalised kicking Port's third goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0016-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, First quarter\nRoachock stopped another attack, and then Rawson, Dixon, and Guster made a forward movement. Through the instrumentality of Kenneth McKenzie the ball was taken down to the centre, and J. Woods marked well. The Ports, however, made a determined rush. Miers and J. McKenzie gave Phillips a long shot, and he hit the post.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0017-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, First quarter\nQuarter time: Norwood 3.1 (3) \u2013 Port Adelaide 3.1 (3)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0018-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Second quarter\nThe Ports with the aid of the wind started the second quarter with the first attack. However Jackson warded off the Ports rebounding to Shaw and Roberts who troubled the Ports' back line. Woods subsequently receiving a free on the boundary from a very difficult angle successfully kicked the Norwoods' fourth goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 52], "content_span": [53, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0019-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Second quarter\nOn kicking off a very bad attempt at marking by the Norwoods let in Gardiner, and he sent the ball forward. Combe and Daly kept the Norwood goal out of danger on their end, and then the Ports tried the other wing, and worked the ball across to the pavilion, where Stephens, who was working very hard in the ruck, showed up. After the sphere had traversed the ground Hills tried a shot, and the ball passed just outside the post.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 52], "content_span": [53, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0019-0001", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Second quarter\nKempster, beating two Norwoods, kept the play in the Norwoods' territory but an exchange of marks sent to the other end, where McGaffin and C. Woods missed badly. Then for a time the Norwood back men were kept hard at work at the river end. Eventually Phillips was given an opportunity but he could only manage another behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 52], "content_span": [53, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0020-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Second quarter\nNorwood with a fast rush transferred play to the other end, but equally as fast was returned. Kempster, Stevens, and Ewers helped W. Bushby, Stephens, and Correll to futile shots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 52], "content_span": [53, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0021-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Second quarter\nHalf time: Norwood 4.1 (4) \u2013 Port Adelaide 3.3 (3)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 52], "content_span": [53, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0022-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Third quarter\nAfter the half time interval the Ports were the first to gain ascendency of the play with some aggressive tactics. C. Fry gave John McKenzie a shot, which he missed. Arthur Jackson worked the ball out of the Norwood defence, but the Ports were making a great effort in keeping the Norwood goal in danger. However, Hamilton and J. McKenzie would both miss chances, with the latter getting a behind. Daly was instrumental in stifling the Port attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0023-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Third quarter\nAgain the Ports put all their power into the play, and Gardner finished up a nice run with a good kick. Hills placed in front to Le Leu who finally converted an opportunity for Port and a loud cheer from their supporters announced that the scores were equal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0024-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Third quarter\nThe Ports continued their ascendancy in the play for a short while but state of the scoreboard eventually forced the Norwood's into action and by a series of long kicks and marks they forced the Ports to defend. Dixon placed up, and Shaw smartly passed to Guster, who proved reliable kicking the Norwood's fifth goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0025-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Third quarter\nA determined effort by the Ports placed the Norwoods' backs in trouble, and another behind came from Hamilton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0026-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Third quarter\nGardner and Tomlin pressured any forward movements of the Norwood players keeping the ball in their opponents' territory. This eventually resulted in Davis putting Phillips in possession, but once more the usually accurate kicker sent the ball behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0027-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Third quarter\nMcKee and J. Woods raised the siege along the gate wing, and Daly securing tried a sixty-yard kick which was very close to registering a goal but only resulted in Norwood's second behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0028-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Third quarter\nRawson and Wilson kept the ball close up to the Port Adelaide goal with Kenneth McKenzie working hard to prevent a Norwood score. When Alfred Robert gained a chance at scoring an easy goal he mulled the opportunity and only registered a behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0029-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Third quarter\nBushby beat Daly, and the leather went to the other end, Phillips securing yet another behind for the Ports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0030-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Third quarter\nThree quarter time: Norwood 5.3 (5) \u2013 Port Adelaide 4.7 (4)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0031-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Third quarter\nWhen the final change took place the score was:\u2014 Norwood 5 goals 3 behinds to Port 4 goals 7 behinds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0032-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Fourth quarter\nWith deafening cries from the partisan supporters of both teams, the players took to the field and went into work at a great pace. The Norwoods had evidently reserved themselves for a big final stanza. A series of marks by Rawson, Daly, and McGrath gave Shaw an opportunity, and the game looked all over as the ball went right up to the goal, but it fell short, and J. Fry secured. Taking it around the gate wing the Ports called upon the Norwoods to defend. Hamilton dispatched to Hills, who kicked a behind. Shortly after John McKenzie kicked Port Adelaide's ninth behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 52], "content_span": [53, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0033-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Fourth quarter\nThe Norwoods played wonderfully well together, successfully executing long kicks and marks. They transferred the play to the Ports' end, where Webb defended. Sending it along the pavilion wing Hills gave Phillips another chance, and he made amends for previous misses by equalizing the score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 52], "content_span": [53, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0034-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Fourth quarter\nWith time rapidly drawing on the teams were urged on by their supporters, and the Norwoods made a gallant effort, whilst the Ports defended in equal style. The Norwood's however, seemed to have a little bit in hand, and by some good marking Waldron forwarded to McGaffin, and his kick put the Norwoods a goal ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 52], "content_span": [53, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0035-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Fourth quarter\nAt this time in the game H.G. Hamilton seized up with the cramp and struggled to contribute for the rest of the game. Resuming, the Norwoods again attacked, and their combined play was too good for their opponents. In a scrimmage some distance from the goal C. Woods put his foot to the sphere and sent it between the uprights. The umpire thinking a Port man had kicked it did not give a decision, and nothing was registered. By Mr Traits order the ball was kicked off from behind, and then some hot play ensued in the Ports' quarters. K. McKenzie got away from two Norwoods, but Roachock outwitted him. Rawson, Roberts, and Gaster kept the ball forward, and Daly missed a running shot. Then O. Bertram also tried a running shot, and a loud cheer greeted another Norwood goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 52], "content_span": [53, 829]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0036-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Fourth quarter\nWith everything to gain the Ports started off again, but before anything serious had eventuated the bell rang out, and the great contest was over, leaving the Norwood team premiers of 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 52], "content_span": [53, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0037-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Match summary, Fourth quarter\nThe final score was Norwood\u20147 goals 4 behinds. Port Adelaide\u20145 goals 9 behinds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 52], "content_span": [53, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0038-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Teams\nFrom their previous match Norwood replaced Haldane, Honner and McCarthy with John McGrath, Oswald Bertram and Patrick Roachock. Port Adelaide replaced Miller with Maurice Lowe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0039-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Australian rules football Grand Finals\nAlthough the term \"Grand Final\" was not in wide use until 1931, and finals series were not introduced until 1897, the term \"Grand Final\" is also used to denote any pre-1897 premiership playoff match that was required in order to break a tie on head-to-head records or premiership points or settle a dispute between teams, and also where the last match of the home-and-away season determined the winners and runners-up for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 61], "content_span": [62, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028587-0040-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA Grand Final, Australian rules football Grand Finals\nAs such, this match between Norwood and Port Adelaide was the first ever fixture in the SAFA's history to decide the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 61], "content_span": [62, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028588-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA season\nThe 1889 South Australian Football Association season was the 13th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028588-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA season\nAs Norwood and Port Adelaide finished level on premiership points, the first ever dedicated premiership playoff match in a major Australian rules football competition was held, with Norwood winning to claim the 1889 premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028588-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 SAFA season\nAdelaide merged with North Adelaide, the former Hotham and no relation to the current team, after North Adelaide had spent one season in the S.A.F.A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028589-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 San Diego mayoral election\nThe 1889 San Diego mayoral election was held on April 2, 1889 to elect the mayor for San Diego. Douglas Gunn was elected Mayor with a majority of the votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028589-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign\nIn November 1888, incumbent Mayor William Jefferson Hunsaker resigned from office prior to the completion of his term in office. Council president Martin D. Hamilton served as acting mayor until the 1889 election could be held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028589-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign\nThe 1889 campaign featured two Republican newspaper proprietors. Douglas Gunn ran on the non-partisan Citizens' ticket. John R. Berry ran on the Straight Republican ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028589-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign\nOn April 2, 1889, Gunn was elected mayor with 58.4 percent of the vote to Berry's 41.6 percent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028590-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1889 Scottish Cup Final, colloquially known as the Snow final, was a football match played on 2 February 1889 at Hampden Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) and was the final of the 16th staging of the Scottish Cup. Celtic and Third Lanark contested the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028590-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Scottish Cup Final\nThird Lanark won the match 3\u20130. Due to the poor conditions and the unplayable nature of the pitch through snow, the match was ordered to be replayed the following week on 9 February 1889, where Third Lanark won again with a 2\u20131 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028590-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Scottish Cup Final\nThe match was Third Lanark's first Scottish Cup and in Celtic's inaugural season it was their first appearance in the Scottish Cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028590-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Scottish Cup Final, Road to the final\nThird Lanark had a bye in the first round and did not enter the competition until round two. Both teams had to replay games en route to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028590-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Scottish Cup Final, Road to the final\nThis was Celtic's first season in the Scottish Cup and indeed football, so making it to the final was quite an achievement. Their debut was a spectacular 5\u20131 win against Shettleston with John O'Connor scoring all five goals. Celtic eased through subsequent rounds with ease until they met Clyde in round five. Clyde won the match 1\u20130, but Celtic appealed the match as unplayable. Clyde had started the game in illegal footwear and by the time they changed into legal footwear, the match started late and it finished in darkness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028590-0004-0001", "contents": "1889 Scottish Cup Final, Road to the final\nCeltic appealed for the match to be replayed and as it was deemed unplayable by the end, the appeal went in Celtic's favour. On the replay Celtic easily routed Clyde, beating them 9\u20132 at Parkhead. Subsequently, Clyde appealed against the decision to replay the game, but were overruled and Celtic went through.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028590-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Scottish Cup Final, Road to the final\nThird Lanark had an even more prolonged route to the final with the matches against Queens Park and Abercorn having to be replayed following appeals. The Abercorn match went to a third replay before Third Lanark finally went through.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028590-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Scottish Cup Final, Road to the final\nTypical of football at the time, there were several high-scoring games, with Celtic scoring 36 goals and Third Lanark 41 goals en route to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028590-0007-0000", "contents": "1889 Scottish Cup Final, First match\nSnow showers and strong winds had affected Glasgow on 2 February 1889. Around 11\u00a0am the officials decided that although there was a light covering of snow, the ground was playable. However, further heavy snow showers continued into the afternoon and by the time kick-off came, the pitch was ankle deep. It was decided that the match should be played, but both teams played under protest and agreed that, as the pitch was unplayable, the match would be treated as a friendly. The players threw snowballs at each other as they ran onto the pitch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028590-0008-0000", "contents": "1889 Scottish Cup Final, First match\nWith the wind at their backs, Celtic made most of the early pressure, but despite that went a goal down on the 20th minute after Johnstone centred to Marshall to give Third Lanark the lead. In the second half Third Lanark had most of the pressure and went 2\u20130 up after Celtic goalkeeper Kelly dropped the snow-covered ball to let John Oswald score. Third Lanark continued to dominate the match and Hannah wrapped the game up for them with a third goal a minute from time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028590-0009-0000", "contents": "1889 Scottish Cup Final, First match\nThe match attendance of 18,000 was a record for Scottish football at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028590-0010-0000", "contents": "1889 Scottish Cup Final, Aftermath\nTwo days later, on 4 February 1889, a special meeting of the Scottish Football Association was held to discuss the match. Both teams claimed that prior to the match they had agreed that because of the poor playing conditions it would be played as a friendly. Although a signed document was produced to show that the teams had agreed to play the match as a friendly, it was challenged by some members. Airdrieonians representative Mr Reid moved that the agreement should not be recognised and the result should stand. The referee, Charles Campbell, and his umpires were then questioned and stated that the ground had been unplayable. Following this admission it was unanimously agreed that the tie be replayed the following Saturday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 767]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028590-0011-0000", "contents": "1889 Scottish Cup Final, Replay\nThe replay took place the following week on 9 February 1889, this time in fine conditions, though on a hard pitch. Attendance at the match is believed to have been as many as 18,000\u201320,000 spectators. Shortly before kickoff Third Lanark handed in a protest about having to play on the pitch and having to replay the match. Despite their protest the game went ahead, and as Third Lanark won the toss they chose to play with the wind on their back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028590-0012-0000", "contents": "1889 Scottish Cup Final, Replay\nThe teams were evenly matched in the early stages, but Celtic's Coleman had to retire early injured and so Celtic had to play the remainder of the match with ten men. Third Lanark then had the bulk of possession, but it was Celtic who went closest as McCallum hit the post. The deadlock was broken in the 23rd minute when Third Lanark's Marshall scrambled the ball home from close range; Kelly saved the shot but it was judged to have crossed the line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028590-0012-0001", "contents": "1889 Scottish Cup Final, Replay\nIn the second half, Celtic had most of the pressure and spurned a number of chances before a McCallum header equalised for them in the 67th minute. Despite Celtic bossing the remainder of the match, it was Third Lanark who scored next with John Oswald scoring the winner late in the game. This was the first of Third Lanark's two Scottish Cups; they won again in 1905.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028591-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Serbian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Serbia on 26 September 1889. The result was a victory for the People's Radical Party, which won 102 of the 117 seats in the National Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028591-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Serbian parliamentary election, Background\nThe elections were originally planned for November, but was later rescheduled for September. After King Milan abdicated in February 1889, it was thought that fresh elections would be held shortly afterwards, but it was decided by the regents later in March that there would be no early election on the basis that Crown Prince Alexander was a minor and could not be required to take the Constitutional Oath before the National Assembly, and as the Regents had taken their oath in the presence of King Milan, the National Assembly was not required. This was in violation of the constitution, which required the regents to immediately call an election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028591-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Serbian parliamentary election, Aftermath\nThe newly elected Assembly met for the first time on 13 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028592-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Singapore Municipal Commission election, Background\nThe Municipal Ordinance was passed in 1887 which created a partly-elected Municipal Commission that would oversee local urban affairs in Singapore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028592-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Singapore Municipal Commission election, Background\nA candidate for a Municipal Commission election would need to have a proposer and a seconder from among the registered voters in one of the five wards in Singapore. Once a candidate is nominated, a voting date is scheduled. The election system did not provide for political party affiliations for candidates but municipal commissioners are generally affiliated with ethnic or trade associations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028592-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Singapore Municipal Commission election, Background\nA candidate needs to secure at least 20 votes to be elected as a municipal commissioner. Sole candidates who failed to secure the 20 required votes may be appointed by the Governor of the Straits Settlements as a municipal commissioner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028592-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Singapore Municipal Commission election, Background\nIf there are two or more candidates contesting in a ward, voters would elect one of the candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028592-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Singapore Municipal Commission election, Background\nIf there are no nominations in a ward, the Governor may appoint someone to represent the ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028593-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 South African Rugby Board Trophy\nThe 1889 South African Rugby Board Trophy was the first domestic rugby union competition held in South Africa. It took place after the South African Rugby Board was formed in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028593-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 South African Rugby Board Trophy\nThe tournament was won by  Western Province, while the other competing teams were  Eastern Province,  Griqualand West and  Transvaal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028593-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 South African Rugby Board Trophy\nThis was the only time the Board Trophy was played for; in 1891, the Currie Cup was presented to  Griqualand West and the competition for that trophy became the main domestic competition in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028594-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 South Dakota Coyotes football team\nThe 1889 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota as an independent during the 1889 college football season. They played 2 games and had a 1\u20130\u20131 record. It was their first season in existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028595-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe 1889 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University as an independent during the 1889 college football season. In their first season of existence, they played in one game, a 6\u20136 tie against South Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028596-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1889 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on October 1, 1889, to elect the first Governor of South Dakota. Territorial Governor Arthur C. Mellette received the Republican nomination and faced former Territorial Commissioner of Immigration P. F. McClure, the Democratic nominee, in the general election. Mellette defeated McClure in a landslide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028596-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Party conventions\nAt the Republican convention in August 1889, Territorial Governor Arthur C. Mellette faced no opponents in the gubernatorial race and was nominated by acclamation. The next week, at the Democratic convention, Adjutant General James W. Harden was nominated for governor, but upon the nomination of Territorial Commissioner of Immigration P. F. McClure, Harden's name was withdrawn and McClure was nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 59], "content_span": [60, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028597-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 South East Cork by-election\nThe South East Cork by-election, 1889 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of South East Cork on 3 June 1889. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, John Hooper of the Irish Parliamentary Party. Only one candidate was nominated, John Morrogh of the Irish Parliamentary Party, who was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season\nThe 1889 Southern Rugby Football Union season was the 16th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. This was the seventh competition for the Gardiner Challenge Cup which was awarded to the winners of the premiership. The football season lasted from May to August. Sydney University Football Club successfully defended the premiership, completing the season undefeated for the third time. During the season a number of representative matches were played. In June players were selected to represent New South Wales against a visiting intercolonial team known as the New Zealand Natives. A representative team from Victoria visited Sydney in July, while a New South Wales team visited Queensland in August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams\nThe Gardiner Challenge Cup was open to all clubs who were part of the Union upon payment of an entry fee. After being rejected by the clubs last season, a Junior Cup was held for all Junior Clubs to enter. In addition to this, a Union Cup was also held for all second fifteens of senior or junior clubs, or those clubs who did not enter either of the other cups. When entries closed for the different competitions on the 10th May there were 14 entries into the Gardiner Challenge Cup, 11 entries into the Junior Cup and 16 entries for the Union Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams\nOf the senior clubs, three did not survive to the new season. Both Burwood and Balmain Wellington folded during the previous season's play, while Balmain did not survive into the new year. Five junior clubs entered into the Senior Cup: Strathfield, Elvira, Randwick, Double Bay and Cammeray. Three new clubs were formed and entered the senior ranks: Zealandia, Parramatta and Strathfield Rovers. Zealandia was a club made up of players from New Zealand, similar to the old Gordon club. Parramatta was an amalgamation of the Nomad and Union clubs. The Union also allowed Sydney University to enter a second team into the competition. Unfortunately, the Strathfield Rovers did not see out the season, lasting only one match before being disbanded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nThe 1889 Sydney Rugby Premiership returned to its usual starting slot of mid-May. For the third season, entries for the senior cup were open to all member clubs of the Union for a fee. Prior to the season beginning, a meeting of the Southern Rugby Football Union saw much debate concerning the allocation of points during a match. It was proposed that the points be amended with tries receiving a greater score. The amendment was carried with points now being allocated as such: Tries- 3 points, Goals- 2 points, Goal from the field- 4 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0003-0001", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nOnce the entries had closed, a draw was written which took into account the numerous representative matches that were planned for the season. It was decided that the premiership would be put on hold when these important games took place. This meant that teams would only be able to play seven matches which would not allow them to play against each of the senior teams in the competition. With the long list of senior clubs, it was seen as a mistake by the Union to write up such a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nThe past season of football was seen as being productive of grand all round play among the different clubs. Many players lifted the quality of their game play, resulting in them coming into consideration for representative matches. Chief amongst these were Paddy Flynn and Percy Colquhoun of Sydney University, and James McMahon of Rosedale. For his team, Flynn displayed exceptional kicking skills that saw great benefit to the scoring capabilities of the 'Varsity. His accuracy at kicking a goal from the field was seen as developing the game further. McMahon was exceptional in his tackling, saving many a certain try.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0004-0001", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nA unique tackling style, he waits patiently for his prey before pouncing upon them around the waist bringing them to the turf. Over the previous seasons, Percy Colquhoun had shown to be a valuable member of any team that he was a part of. However his performances during the season were of the very best form with his performance against McMahon in the 'Varsity match against Rosedale the highest point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nFor the third season in a row, the Sydney University Football Club completed the season undefeated. Since the beginning of the 1887 season, the team had won 24 matches and drew only 1. Over the course of these games, University had scored 334 points with only 27 points scored against them. From the beginning of the premiership, the 'Varsity were playing grandly together with many a selfless act. They out-paced all other teams with exception to only the visiting M\u0101ori's. Three times they held their opponents scoreless, while the remaining games saw only three tries scored against them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0005-0001", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nTheir match against Wallaroo resulted in University winning by 54 points to nil. It was reported that their game play was brilliant rendering their opponents almost paralysed. The slippery wet conditions that was the scene of their match against Arfoma limited the free and open play that was characteristic of both teams. With both clubs being undefeated prior to the match, much interest was held in the result. A tight and rough game saw the 'Varsity hold on to win 9 points to 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nThe only blemish to the 'Varsity's perfect season was that the two top teams did not meet each other on the field of battle. With the draw only taking into account 7 games, the new senior club of Strathfield did not face the eventual premiers. Strathfield had a favourable draw with the club also avoiding matches against the in-form Arfoma and Rosedale teams. As a result, the club remained undefeated having played only lower ranked teams. Their strength as a team had not been sufficiently tested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0007-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nDuring the course of the season, the Arfoma Football Club performed well, winning all but their match against the eventual premiers. Most of their games were played against lower ranked teams which they won easily. Arfoma defeated Rosedale early in the season before maintaining an unbeaten run until their loss at the end of the season against University. Out of their number, Fred Hillyar, Albert Sefton and D Walker were chosen for representative duties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0008-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Junior Badges\nAfter refusing to play for a cup during the previous season, the Junior clubs recognised that the decision was detrimental to their success. With falling crowd numbers and less attention in the press, many questioned the wisdom in not playing for a cup or trophy. As soon as the new season began, the Union arranged for there to be a Junior Badges competition for those clubs not entered into the senior competition. Eleven entries were received, with a draw written, games were scheduled from 25 May to 24 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0008-0001", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Junior Badges\nAt the end of the season, Petersham and the Artillery faced off in a match at the Randwick Reserve that was seen as the \"final\". Petersham won the match 12 points to nil and were awarded the Junior Badges. As they had the harder draw, they Petersham were seen to be worthy winners of the badges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0009-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Union Badges\nA condition of the Union Cup proceeding in 1888 was that a Junior Cup would be played. With the Junior clubs refusing the cup offered, no Union Cup was held. At the beginning of the new season, the Union decided to set up a Junior Badges competition and with that a Union Badges competition. The Union Badges saw sixteens teams enter the competition. These teams were a mix of seconds from the senior clubs and clubs who did not enter the Junior Badges. The draw saw ten rounds with teams playing nine games during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 60], "content_span": [61, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0009-0001", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Union Badges\nA final was held between Rosedale Seconds and Double Bay Seconds who were both undefeated during the regular games. Despite Double Bay holding all of their opponents scoreless, Rosedale won the match 7 points to 3 in one of the best contests held at the Agricultural Ground. Rosedale Seconds were declared winners of the Union Badges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 60], "content_span": [61, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0010-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The New Zealand Natives Tour\nJoseph Warbrick, a M\u0101ori rugby player who represented New Zealand during their 1884 tour of Australia, conceived the idea of assembling a team of native footballers from New Zealand to tour Britain. A wholly private enterprise, the team initially contained full-blooded M\u0101ori players with part-M\u0101ori players later added. The team left for England 1 August 1888 arriving in London on 27 September. While touring Britain the Natives played 74 matches including three international matches, one each against Ireland, Wales and England. By the time the team left England on 29 March 1889, they had developed into a formidable team winning two-thirds of their matches. After playing a few games in Melbourne to the Victorian rules, the Natives travelled to Sydney in mid-June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 84], "content_span": [85, 856]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0011-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The New Zealand Natives Tour\nThe first match between New South Wales and the New Zealand Natives was held on 15 June at the Association Cricket Ground. Prior to the beginning of the match, the Natives performed a version of the Haka recorded in newspapers of the time as, \"Ake ake kia kaha!\" Within the first minute of the match starting, the Natives scored their first try. By halftime, the score stood at New Zealand 6 points to New South Wales' 5. In the second half, the locals briefly took the lead off of a kick from the field. Many times during the match, James McMahon provided the try saving tackle as the Natives consistently attacked the New South Wales line. Despite this, the Natives scored again winning the match 12 points to 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 84], "content_span": [85, 799]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0012-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The New Zealand Natives Tour\nWith New South Wales making changes to the team ahead of the second match, there was much excitement. The changes were effective as the locals held the Natives scoreless until into the second half with scores standing at 9 points to nil at halftime. Once again James McMahon played a grand tackling game stopping many a strong attack from the Natives. With the score against them, the Natives \"played up to high pressure\", attacking the New South Wales line repeatedly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 84], "content_span": [85, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0012-0001", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, The New Zealand Natives Tour\nThree quick tries saw the visitors take the lead before New South Wales brought the score back to one point difference. In the remaining time both teams had a chance to score thwarted by excellent play from the opposition. In the dying minutes, the Natives were able to break through and score the match winning try. The final points stood at 16 points to 12 in favour of the visitors. The match was considered the best game of football seen within the colony.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 84], "content_span": [85, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0013-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nWith Australian Rules Football holding a strong position in Victoria, it wasn't until 1888 that the Melbourne Rugby Union was formed. A Victorian team was formed to play against the visiting English side later that season. In 1889 a Victorian team was chosen to tour the northern colonies with two matches arranged against New South Wales. In the first match the home team held a strong position, leading the game 8 points to nil at halftime. Despite the visitors scoring two tries, New South Wales won the match 13 points to 6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0013-0001", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nThe second match proved to be a much closer affair. New South Wales scored the first try of the game and after weathering many attempts at their goal line, the home team were leading 10 points to 5 at halftime. During the second half, New South Wales continued to add to their total leading 17 points to 5 at one stage. Victoria began to put on the pressure, scoring a try and two goals. Unfortunately the comeback was not enough with New South Wales winning the match 17 points to 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0014-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nThe customary intercolonial matches between New South Wales and Queensland were held in August at the conclusion of the Sydney premiership. New South Wales traveled to Brisbane to compete against the locals in two matches. Despite the Southern Rugby Union deciding to change the points system for 1889, it was agreed that the two matches would be played according to the older system. This meant that tries were worth 2 points and goals 3 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0015-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nThe first match was held at the Exhibition Ground at Bowen Park. Accompanying the match was an exhibition in the parklands. This assisted in increasing the numbers at the game as many entered the grounds out of curiosity. The game was seen to be a tight tussle with the eventual victors having fought hard to earn the win. At halftime New South Wales held the lead 12 points to 5 thanks to Paddy Flynn scoring and converting his own try. With play consistently moving across the field, the visitors continued to add to their points score winning the match 19 points to 12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028598-0016-0000", "contents": "1889 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nRain failed to keep away the crowds for the second intercolonial match. Despite the slippery conditions the first half was entirely one-sided with New South Wales leading 13 points to nil at halftime. The visitors failed to press home their advantage in the second half with Queensland scoring 10 unanswered points. Unfortunately time ran out for the locals with New South Wales holding on to win the match 13 points to 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028599-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1889 St. Louis Browns season was the team's eighth season in St. Louis, Missouri, and its eighth season in the American Association. The Browns went 90\u201345 during the season and finished second in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028599-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028599-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028599-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028599-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028599-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028600-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Staten Island Athletic Club football team\nThe 1889 Staten Island Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Staten Island Athletic Club of West Brighton, which was likely a different organization than the Staten Island Cricket Club, in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1889 college football season. The athletic club originally played on a pre-determined AFU schedule, but after its resignation from the league on November 1, the remaining games were no longer mandatory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028600-0000-0001", "contents": "1889 Staten Island Athletic Club football team\nHowever, they still continued to play league opponents for the remainder of the season, sticking to the original schedule to not disarrange the schedule for the rest of the schools in the union. The team finished its season with a 0\u20136 record (0\u20133 in the AFU), and did not score a single point against another opponent, losing by a total of 232 to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028601-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Swansea County Borough Council election\nThe first election to Swansea County Borough Council took place in 1889. It was followed by the 1890 election. The previous Town Council which had 24 members (18 councillors and 6 aldermen) would now have 40 members (30 councillors and 10 aldermen). An additional 16 members would therefore be elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028601-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Swansea County Borough Council election\nAlmost all candidates expressed no party affiliation, fighting the contest on local issues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028601-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Swansea County Borough Council election, Election of Aldermen\nSeven aldermen were elected at the annual meeting of the Council held on 9 November. An attempt was made to ensure that aldermen from particular wards were elected but this was ruled out of order. The following aldermen were elected for a term of six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028602-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Swiss insolvency referendum\nA referendum on a federal law on insolvency and debt was held in Switzerland on 17 November 1889. The new law was approved by 52.9% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028602-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Swiss insolvency referendum, Background\nThe referendum was an optional referendum, which meant that only a majority of the public vote was required for the proposals to be approved, as opposed to a mandatory referendum, which required both a majority of voters and cantons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028603-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Tamworth colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Tamworth in June 1889 because of the resignation of Robert Levien (Protectionist). The Supreme Court had found Levien guilty of the dishonourable conduct of permitting his unqualified clerk to have acted as an attorney, fined him  \u00a3100 and suspended him from practice for twelve months.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028604-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1889 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the third staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028604-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nMoycarkey won the championship after a 1-03 to 1-00 defeat of Toomevara in the final. It was their first championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028605-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Trinity Blue and White football team\nThe 1889 Trinity Blue and White football team represented Trinity College (today known as Duke University) in the 1889 college football season. The game with rival North Carolina is still disputed, with both teams claiming a home win by forfeit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028606-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nList of champions of the 1889 U.S. National Championships tennis event (now known as the US Open). The men's tournament was held from 27 August to 3 September on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. The women's tournament was held from 11 June to 15 June on the outdoor grass courts at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Philadelphia, PA. The men's doubles event was played at the Staten Island Cricket Club in Livingston, Staten Island, New York. It was the 9th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year. The inaugural U.S. Women's National Doubles Championship was held in 1889 and like the women's singles was played at the Philadelphia Cricket Club. :", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028606-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nHenry Slocum /  Howard Taylor defeated  Valentine Hall /  Oliver Campbell 6\u20131, 6\u20133, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028606-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nMargarette Ballard /  Bertha Townsend defeated  Marion Wright /  Laura Knight 6\u20130, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028607-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nHenry Slocum and Howard Taylor won the title by defeating Valentine Hall and Oliver Campbell in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028608-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nHenry Slocum won the Challenge Round against Quincy Shaw 6\u20133, 6\u20131, 4\u20136, 6\u20132 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1887 U.S. National Championships. Quincy Shaw defeated Oliver Campbell 1\u20136, 6-4, 6\u20133, 6\u20134 in the All Comers' Final. The event was held at the Newport Casino, Newport, R.I. from 21 August to 28 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028609-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nBertha Townsend defended her tennis singles title by defeating Lida Voorhees 7\u20135, 6\u20132 in the Challenge Round of the 1889 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship. Lida Voorhuis had won the right to challenge Townsend by defeating Helen Day Harris 6\u20135, 2\u20136, 6\u20133 in the final of the All Comers' competition. The event was held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club, PA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028610-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 USC Methodists football team\nThe 1889 USC Methodists football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southern California during the 1889 college football season. The team competed as an independent without a head coach, compiling a 2\u20130 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028610-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 USC Methodists football team\nIn early November 1889, the Los Angeles Times expressed the hope that \"good elevens will be organized to introduce the game [of football] to the city.\" Days later, a group of young men formed the Pasadena Football Association. On Thanksgiving Day, USC defeated the Pasadena club by a 26\u20130 score at Sportsman's Park. After the game, the Los Angeles Times reported on the new game as follows: \"The boys appeared in their attractive, though odd-looking suits, and to say that the play was animated is putting it rather mildly. The game was played for all there was in it, and the foot-ball soon became an object of interest to spectators and players alike. It is a very exciting game, more-so than base-ball, and requires fully as much judgment and no little skill.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028611-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 United Kingdom local elections\nElections to the municipal and county councils of England and Wales were held in 1889. Elections to the various county councils were held in January 1889. Progressive candidates won a majority on London County Council, although at this point party labels were relatively unimportant, with municipal and county politics in Victorian Britain being somewhat detached from national politics, and national political divisions. Liberal candidates would do particularly well in Wales however, winning clear majorities in 11 of Wales' 13 counties. The Liberals only failed to take Brecknockshire and Radnorshire, which had hung councils. In the English counties the Liberals took only Cumberland, Holland, London, and the West Riding, with most councils being run on a non-party basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 813]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028611-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 United Kingdom local elections\nThe elections were the first following the Local Government Act 1888, which had established county councils and county borough councils in England and Wales. Prior to the act there had been no elected body at the county level, with counties being governed by justices of the peace in Quarter Sessions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028611-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 United Kingdom local elections\nA similar act - the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 - would later establish county councils in Scotland. Irish local governance would remain unreformed until 1898, and the passing of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028612-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 United States House of Representatives elections\nThere were 14 elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1889 to the 50th United States Congress and 51st United States Congress. Of these, at least 10 were special elections and 4 were general elections for new states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028612-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 United States House of Representatives elections\nOne of the elections was for two seats, so the total members elected were 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028612-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe only gains came from new seats, created for the new states of Montana,  South Dakota, North Dakota, and Washington. From these new states, 5 new Republicans were elected to the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028613-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nThe 1889 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held in January 1889. Incumbent Republican Senator George Frisbie Hoar was re-elected to a third term in office with no serious opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028613-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nAt the time, Massachusetts elected United States senators by a resolution of the Massachusetts General Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028613-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, State legislature\nAt the time, the Massachusetts legislature was controlled by the Republican Party, as it had been since that party's founding, typically in dominant fashion. The 1888 election in particular, which coincided with the elections of President Benjamin Harrison and re-election of Governor Oliver Ames, returned the strongest Republican majority in eight years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 82], "content_span": [83, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028613-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, State legislature\nThe Senate was composed of 33 Republicans and 7 Democrats, and the House had 181 Republicans, 58 Democrats, and 1 independent Democrat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 82], "content_span": [83, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028613-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Candidates, Declared\nThough Hoar remained unpopular with some younger elements of the party, including those in control of the party State Committee, no Republican candidate was willing to actively put their name forward in opposition to his election. With the unanimous support of the Republican caucus, his re-election was guaranteed in advance. Democrats were expected to give an honorary vote to one of their party leaders, likely U.S. Representative Patrick Collins or Cambridge mayor William Russell, who had run as the party nominee for Governor in 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028613-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, Caucuses\nIn caucuses held on January 14, Republicans re-nominated Hoar unanimously. Democrats took two ballots to nominate Patrick Collins over William Russell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 71], "content_span": [72, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028613-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, Election\nHoar was re-elected on January 15 in each house of the General Court, with the full support of his party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 71], "content_span": [72, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028614-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1889, in eleven states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028614-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 United States gubernatorial elections\nVirginia holds its gubernatorial elections in odd numbered years, every 4 years, following the United States presidential election year. New Jersey at this time held gubernatorial elections every 3 years, which it would abandon in 1949. Massachusetts and Rhode Island both elected its governors to a single-year term, which they would abandon in 1920 and 1912, respectively. Iowa and Ohio at this time held gubernatorial elections in every odd numbered year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028614-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 United States gubernatorial elections\nMississippi at this time held its gubernatorial elections in odd numbered years, every 4 years, following the United States presidential election year. This was the last election in which this was the case; Mississippi switched to four-year terms with elections in the year preceding the presidential election year starting with the 1895 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028614-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 United States gubernatorial elections\nMontana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Washington held their first gubernatorial elections on achieving statehood. Each of these states held early elections on October 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028615-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 VFA season\nThe 1889 Victorian Football Association season was the 13th season of the Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028615-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 VFA season\nThe premiership was won by the South Melbourne Football Club. It was the fourth premiership in the club's history, and the second out of a sequence of three consecutive premierships won from 1888 to 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028615-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 VFA season, Association membership\nThe number of teams contesting the Association premiership reduced from 16 senior teams to 12 in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028615-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 VFA season, Association membership\nThe three Ballarat-based clubs \u2013 Ballarat, South Ballarat and Ballarat Imperial remained senior clubs, represented on the Association Board of Management and contested the Ballarat premiership, but matches played against them by metropolitan clubs (which often occurred during bye weeks) no longer qualified for the premiership. University, after a winless 1888 season, dropped out of the Association and went into recess.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028615-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 VFA season, 1889 VFA Ladder\nTeams did not play a uniform number of premiership matches during the season. As such, in the final standings, each team's premiership points were adjusted upwards proportionally to represent a 21-match season \u2013 e.g., South Melbourne played 19 matches, so its tally of premiership points was increased by a factor of 21/19. After this adjustment, there was no formal process for breaking a tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028616-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1889 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia in the 1889 college football season. The team had no known coach, and went 4\u20132 and claims a Southern championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028617-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1889 Virginia gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1889 to elect the governor of Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028618-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Waipa by-election\nThe 1889 Waipa by-election was a by-election held on 21 November 1889 in the Waipa electorate during the 10th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028618-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Waipa by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent MP William Jackson on 29 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028618-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Waipa by-election\nHe was replaced by John Bryce, a well-known politician. Bryce was the only candidate nominated, so was declared elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028619-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Wake Forest Baptists football team\nThe 1889 Wake Forest Baptists football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest College during the 1889 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028620-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Washington Nationals season\nThe 1889 Washington Nationals finished with a 41\u201383 record in the National League, finishing in last place. The team folded at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028620-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028620-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028620-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028620-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028620-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Washington Nationals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028621-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Washington football team\nThe 1889 Washington football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1889 college football season. The 1889 Washington team was the first team to represent the University of Washington. The team played only one game, losing to a team made up of eastern college alumni, 20\u20130, in Seattle on November 28, 1889. Frank Griffiths was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028622-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Washington gubernatorial election\nThe 1889 Washington gubernatorial election took place on October 1, 1889, to elect the first Governor of Washington shortly before it was admitted as a U.S. state. Both candidates, Republican Elisha P. Ferry and Democrat Eugene Semple, previously served as Territorial Governor, a position appointed by the President of the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028622-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Washington gubernatorial election\nFerry won the election by nearly 9,000 votes out of 58,000 cast, and took office in Olympia on November 18, 1889, a week after President Benjamin Harrison signed Washington's statehood into law.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028623-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Welsh Cup Final\nThe 1889 Welsh Cup Final, the 12th in the competition, was contested by Bangor and Northwich Victoria at the Racecourse Ground. Bangor, in their first Welsh Cup final, won 2\u20131 in a match that would mark the first time these two teams, future founders and rivals of the Northern Premier League and Alliance Premier League would meet in a major final. The most recent was the 1984 FA Trophy Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028624-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 West Carmarthenshire by-election\nThe West Carmarthenshire by-election of 1889 was called following the death of W.R.H. Powell of Maesgwynne, who had represented the constituency since its formation in 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028624-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 West Carmarthenshire by-election, Candidates\nThe Liberals had won the seat comfortably in 1885, with Powell heavily defeating the former Conservative member for Carmarthenshire, Viscount Emlyn. The party moved quickly to choose a new candidate and there was a strong feeling that the new candidate should be a nonconformist. Their choice fell upon John Lloyd Morgan, son of William Morgan, former principal of the Presbyterian College at Carmarthen, who was chosen unanimously following a selection conference at Carmarthen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028624-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 West Carmarthenshire by-election, Candidates\nThere was no certainty that the Conservatives would contest the seat, and an editorial in the Liberal-inclined Carmarthen newspaper, the Welshman, expressed the view that unless the former member, Lord Emlyn, could be induced to come forward, the party's prospects were poor. Emlyn declined, and the Conservative choice, fell upon Hugh Williams-Drummond, a member of another prominent Carmarthenshire family.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028624-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 West Carmarthenshire by-election, Candidates\nThus, within a couple of weeks, both the Liberal and Conservative parties had chosen candidates who were of a similar age and who were both fighting their first parliamentary campaign. John Lloyd Morgan, the Liberal candidate, was thought to have an advantage over his Conservative opponent, Hugh Williams-Drummond, in that he was known to the electorate, having spoken for the former member at the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028625-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Wiltshire County Council election\nThe first-ever Elections to Wiltshire County Council were held on 23 January 1889. Sixty members were up for election, with up to twenty more voting aldermen to be appointed by the new council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028625-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Wiltshire County Council election\nThe first Chairman of the Council was John Thynne, 4th Marquess of Bath, and he remained in office until his death in 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028625-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 Wiltshire County Council election, A new authority\nThe Local Government Act 1888 created County Councils throughout England and Wales, to take over various administrative functions until then carried out by the unelected Quarter Sessions. They gained some of their powers under the Act on 1 April 1889, and their full powers on 22 September 1889. These included repairing county roads and bridges; maintaining court houses, police stations, and county halls; providing an asylum for pauper lunatics and reformatory and industrial schools; and being responsible for weights and measures and the control of contagious diseases in animals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028625-0002-0001", "contents": "1889 Wiltshire County Council election, A new authority\nThe areas they covered were called administrative counties and were not in all cases identical to the traditional counties, but in Wiltshire the whole 'ceremonial county' came under the authority of the new county council, as there were then no towns or cities in Wiltshire large enough to be treated as county boroughs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028625-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 Wiltshire County Council election, A new authority\nA Committee on Areas and Boundaries for Wiltshire was established to draw up a scheme of electoral divisions. It was reported in October 1888 that this scheme was ready to be presented to the next Court of Quarter Sessions for approval. Elections to the council were to be held every three years on a household franchise,  with sixty seats available, including three for Salisbury and one each for Devizes, Malmesbury, and Marlborough. There were also to be up to twenty voting aldermen, chosen by the councillors, holding office for six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028625-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 Wiltshire County Council election, A new authority\nThe first elections to the county council were held on 23 January 1889, but only thirty-two of the seats were contested. Among those elected unopposed were the 4th Marquess of Bath, the 13th Earl of Pembroke, the 18th Earl of Suffolk, Sir Thomas Grove, 1st Baronet, M. P., Sir Charles Hobhouse, 4th Baronet, and Sir R. H. Pollen. The contested seats were mostly fought on party lines, and sources vary on the exact numbers elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028625-0004-0001", "contents": "1889 Wiltshire County Council election, A new authority\nThe Local Government Chronicle of 2 February 1889 reported 28 Liberals, 28 Conservatives, and four Liberal Unionists; a note on the fly-leaf of the County Council Minutes says 26 Liberals, 25 Conservatives, and nine Liberal Unionists. Five Labour candidates were reported to be standing as Liberals, and one, Isaac Dalley, was elected in the North Western division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028625-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 Wiltshire County Council election, A new authority\nA first provisional meeting of the county council, before it gained its powers, was held at Devizes on 31 January 1889, with all of the members present, and Lord Bath was elected as chairman. Several voting aldermen were appointed, all from outside the elected members of the council. Further meetings were held in the Council House, Salisbury, on 1 April, the Town Hall, Warminster, on 1 July, and the recently-built Town Hall at Trowbridge, on 6 August 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028625-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 Wiltshire County Council election, A new authority\nThe new county council had many of the members of the outgoing quarter sessions. The continuity was emphasized by the leadership: Lord Bath had been chairman of the Salisbury and Warminster sessions since 1880, and his vice-chairman, Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice, had been the second chairman of the Devizes and Marlborough quarter sessions since 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028626-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1889 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 1 July until 13 July. It was the 13th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1889. William Renshaw won his seventh singles title, which as late as 1977 was thought to be a feat unlikely to ever be surpassed. However, in 2000 Pete Sampras equaled this total, and in 2012 Roger Federer also won a seventh title. Ultimately the record was broken by Federer in 2017 when he became the first man to win eight singles titles at Wimbledon. The Renshaw brothers were also unbeaten in doubles for seven years. The men's doubles were played after completion of the singles competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028626-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Gentlemen's Doubles\nErnest Renshaw /  William Renshaw defeated  George Hillyard /  Ernest Lewis 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 3\u20136, 0\u20136, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028627-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Doubles\nGeorge Hillyard and Ernest Lewis defeated Arthur Gore and George Mewburn 6\u20132, 6\u20131, 6\u20133 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champions Ernest Renshaw and William Renshaw defeated Hillyard and Lewis 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 3\u20136, 0\u20136, 6\u20131 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1889 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028628-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Singles\nWilliam Renshaw defeated Harry S. Barlow 3\u20136, 5\u20137, 8\u20136, 10\u20138, 8\u20136 in the All Comers' Final, and then defeated his brother and reigning champion Ernest Renshaw 6\u20134, 6\u20131, 3\u20136, 6\u20130 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1889 Wimbledon Championships. Renshaw survived a total of six match points in the All Comers Final against Barlow at 2\u20135 and 6\u20137 in the fourth set and trailed 0\u20135 in the final set.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028629-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Ladies' Singles\nBlanche Hillyard defeated Lena Rice 4\u20136, 8\u20136, 6\u20134 in the All Comers' Final to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1889 Wimbledon Championships. The reigning champion Lottie Dod did not defend her title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028630-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1889 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1889 college football season. 1889 was the first season of Wisconsin Badgers football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028631-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 World Allround Speed Skating Championships\nThe 1889 World Allround Speed Skating Championships took place at 8 and 9 January at the ice rink Museumplein in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It is the first World Allround Speed Skating Championships, it's unofficial because there was no International Skating Union (ISU is founded in 1892)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028631-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 World Allround Speed Skating Championships\nThree distances were skated at the World Championship, the \u00bd mile (850 meter), the 1 mile (1609 meter) and the 2 miles (3219 meter). One became champion if one won all three distances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028631-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 World Allround Speed Skating Championships\nThe Russian Aleksandr Pansjin didn't win the final at the 2 miles and was not declared as winner due to the rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028631-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 World Allround Speed Skating Championships, Rules\nOne could only win the World Championships by winning at all three distances, so there would be no World Champion if no skater won all three distances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028631-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 World Allround Speed Skating Championships, Rules\nThe winner of the distances was decided by a final of the best four skaters of the distance. If the same time was skated a skate-off is skated to decide the ranking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028632-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 World Championship (football)\nThe 1889 World Championship was an exhibition football match that took place in Glasgow, Scotland, on 3 October 1889 between the winners of the Scottish Cup, Third Lanark (then known as 3rd Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers), and the English Double winners of the Football League and FA Cup, Preston North End. The match finished 3\u20133, although Third Lanark took a 2\u20130 lead into half time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028632-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 World Championship (football)\nThe Football World Championship had always been contested between the victors of the national cups of England and Scotland, which were the eminent club football competitions in the world at the time. The Football League in England was established in 1888\u201389 but it only consisted of clubs from the North and Midlands during its formative years. Nonetheless, Preston went through the inaugural season unbeaten and won the championship, earning the nickname \"The Invincibles\". They further asserted their dominance by winning that season's FA Cup. The Scottish Football League wouldn't be founded until 1890\u201391.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028632-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 World Championship (football)\nAn attendance of 6,000 was reported at Third Lanark's Cathkin Park for the spectacle. Among the crowd were the players of Blackburn Rovers, Preston's Lancashire rivals \u2013 who played Celtic, Third Lanark's Glasgow rivals, at Celtic Park that same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028632-0002-0001", "contents": "1889 World Championship (football)\nThe local newspaper The Glasgow Herald reported on the two matches in equal detail and prominence as bank holiday cross-border challenge matches with no particular attention given to the fact that Thirds v Preston was a contest between the cup-holders, although the previous year's fixture at the same venue between Renton and West Bromwich Albion was given far greater attention in the same publication.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028633-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 World Series\nThe 1889 World Series was an end-of-the-year baseball playoff series between the National League champion New York Giants and the American Association champion Brooklyn Bridegrooms (later known as the Dodgers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028633-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 World Series\nThis Series was part of the pre-modern-era World Series, an annual competition between the champions of the National League and the American Association. The Giants won this best-of-11-games series, 6 games to 3. The 1889 Series was the first involving solely New York City area clubs, and was part of the continuum of a long-standing rivalry that developed between the clubs in New York, particularly the Giants and the Dodgers. Brooklyn was then a separate city from New York; Brooklyn (and the other three boroughs) would merge with New York City in 1898. (see Timeline of New York City)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028633-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 World Series\nDespite this Series setback, the Brooklyn team would come back strong in 1890. The club transferred to the National League, and with the Giants suffering raids by the Players' League, would win the league championship; it was the first major league club to win consecutive pennants in two different leagues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028633-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 World Series, World Series summary\nThe New York Giants defeated the Brooklyn Bridegrooms in the 1889 World Series, 6 games to 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028633-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 World Series, World Series summary\nOn October 17, the two clubs owners, John B. Day of the New York club and Charles H. Byrne of the Brooklyn club, met to arrange a post-season series. They agreed that the Series would end when one club had won six games. The Series commenced the next day, and continued through October 29, when the Giants won their sixth game, ending the Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028633-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 World Series, World Series summary\nAttendance was good for the first two games, at the Polo Grounds and Washington Park, respectively, but the weather turned cold and rainy, and the remainder of the Series was sparsely attended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028633-0006-0000", "contents": "1889 World Series, World Series summary\nGame 1 saw a Seventh-inning stretch after somebody yelled \"Stretch for luck.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028634-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1889 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1889 college football season. In their second season under head coach Walter Camp, Yale compiled a 15\u20131 record, held opponents scoreless in 12 games, and outscored all opponents by a total of 664 to 31. Its only loss was in the final game of the season against rival Princeton by a 10\u20130 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028634-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThree Yale players (end Amos Alonzo Stagg, guard Pudge Heffelfinger and tackle Charles O. Gill) were named to the 1889 College Football All-America Team, the first college football All-America team as selected by Caspar Whitney. Stagg and Heffelfinger have also been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028635-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 college football season\nThe 1889 college football season was the season of American football played among colleges and universities in the United States during the 1889\u201390 academic year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028635-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 college football season\nThe 1889 Princeton Tigers football team, led by team captain Edgar Allen Poe, compiled a perfect 10\u20130 record and was recognized as the national champion by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028635-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 college football season\nIn the South, Wofford defeated Furman in the first intercollegiate game played in the state of South Carolina. The game featured no uniforms, no positions, and the rules were formulated before the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028635-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 college football season\nAs the popularity of the program increased, new football programs were established in 1889 at Iowa and Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028635-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 college football season\nAll eleven players selected by Caspar Whitney for the first All-America college football team came from the Big Three (Princeton, Yale, and Harvard). Four of the honorees have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame: fullback Knowlton Ames (Princeton), end Amos Alonzo Stagg (Yale), tackle Hector Cowan (Princeton), and guard Pudge Heffelfinger (Yale).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028635-0005-0000", "contents": "1889 college football season, Conference standings\nThe following is a potentially incomplete list of conference standings:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028636-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1889 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028637-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028637-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1889 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028637-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1889 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028638-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in Australian soccer\nThe 1889 season was the sixth season of competitive association football in Australia. The were two league competitions and two cup competitions fielded by Northern District British Football Association (Northern NSW) and the South British Football Soccer Association (New South Wales).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028638-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 in Australian soccer, League competitions\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028638-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 in Australian soccer, Cup competitions\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 43], "content_span": [44, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028639-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in Belgium\nThe following lists events that happened during 1889 in the Kingdom of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028641-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in Canada, Historical Documents\nArchbishop Tach\u00e9 cites education report from England to support Manitoba separate schools", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028641-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 in Canada, Historical Documents\nCanada should be equal to Britain in Empire, and under \"Queen of Canada\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028641-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 in Canada, Historical Documents\nJohn A. Macdonald on missed opportunity to create Kingdom of Canada with \"gradation of classes\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028641-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 in Canada, Historical Documents\nMethodist minister's brief description of Stoneys concentrates on their problems", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028641-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 in Canada, Historical Documents\nRockslide from cliff below Citadel destroys several Quebec City houses", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028642-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1889\nIn October 1889, L.A. Hamilton of Winnipeg donated a trophy which would represent the best team in the northwest (Manitoba & Northwest Territories). Commencing with the 1890-91 season, the Northwest Championship became a tournament played over a weekend (Usually in October but occasionally played in May). The Hamilton Cup was awarded annually to the champion of the tournament. The final championship game was won by St.John's Rugby Football Club of Winnipeg in May 1898.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028642-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 in Canadian football, 1889 Season, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028651-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1889 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028651-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Parliamentary opposition\nLeader of the Opposition \u2013 John Ballance (Liberal Party). This is the first year in which there is a recognised opposition leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028651-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 in New Zealand, Arts and literature\nReputedly the first science fiction novel written by a New Zealander, Anno Domini 2000, or, Woman's Destiny by former Premier Julius Vogel is published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028651-0003-0000", "contents": "1889 in New Zealand, Sport, Rowing\nCoxless pairs and Double sculls are held at the championships for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028651-0004-0000", "contents": "1889 in New Zealand, Tennis\nAfter this year the mixed doubles championship are not held again held until 1900.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028653-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1889 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028657-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1889 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028657-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 in South Africa, Railways, Locomotives\nThe Cape Government Railways places twenty-four 3rd Class 4-4-0 American type tender locomotives in passenger service on the Cape Western System, the first stock locomotives to be built in quantity to detailed designs prepared in the Cape Colony.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028657-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 in South Africa, Railways, Locomotives\nThree locomotive types enter service on the newly established Nederlandsche-Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorwegmaatschappij:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028659-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1889 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028663-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1889 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028664-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1889  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028665-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in film\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1889 in film, including a list of films released and notable births.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028666-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028668-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028669-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028669-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028669-0002-0000", "contents": "1889 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028670-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028671-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in science\nThe year 1889 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028672-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in science fiction\nThe year 1889 was marked, in science fiction, by the following events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028672-0001-0000", "contents": "1889 in science fiction, Awards\nThe main science-fiction Awards known at the present time did not exist at that time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028673-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in sports\n1889 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028674-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in the Congo Free State\nThe following lists events that happened during 1889 in the Congo Free State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028676-0000-0000", "contents": "1889 in the United States\nEvents from the year 1889 in the United States. Four states\u2014North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Washington\u2014were created this year, making this the busiest year for state creation since 1788.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028677-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u20131890 pandemic\nIn 1889\u20131890, a pandemic often referred to as the \"Asiatic flu\" or \"Russian flu\" killed about 1 million people out of a world population of about 1.5\u00a0billion. It was the last great pandemic of the 19th century, and is among the deadliest pandemics in history. The most reported effects of the pandemic took place from October 1889 to December 1890, with recurrences in March to June 1891, November 1891 to June 1892, the northern winter of 1893\u20131894, and early 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028677-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u20131890 pandemic\nAlthough contemporaries described the pandemic as influenza and twentieth-century scholars identified several influenza strains as the possible pathogen, more recent research has suggested that it may have been caused by human coronavirus OC43.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028677-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u20131890 pandemic, Outbreak and spread\nModern transport infrastructure assisted the spread of the 1889 influenza. The 19 largest European countries, including the Russian Empire, had 202,887\u00a0km of railroads, and transatlantic travel by sea took less than six days (not significantly different from current travel time by air, given the timescale of the global spread of a pandemic). It was the first pandemic to spread not just through a region such as Eurasia, but worldwide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028677-0003-0000", "contents": "1889\u20131890 pandemic, Outbreak and spread\nThe disease was first reported in the Central Asian city of Bukhara in the Russian Empire in May 1889. The Trans-Caspian railway enabled it to spread farther into Samarkand by August, and Tomsk, 3,200\u00a0km away, by October. As the Trans-Siberian Railway had not yet been constructed, spread to the east was slower, but it reached the westernmost station of the Trans-Caspian, Krasnovodsk (now known as T\u00fcrkmenba\u015fy), and from there the Volga trade routes, which carried it by November to Saint Petersburg (infecting 180,000 of the city's under one million inhabitants) and Moscow. By mid-November Kiev was infected, and the next month the Lake Baikal region was as well, followed by the rest of Siberia and Sakhalin by the end of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 776]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028677-0004-0000", "contents": "1889\u20131890 pandemic, Outbreak and spread\nFrom St. Petersburg, the infection spread via the Baltic shipping trade to Vaxholm in early November 1889, and then to Stockholm and the rest of Sweden, infecting 60% of the population within eight weeks. Norway, and then Denmark, followed soon after. The German Empire first received it in Posen in December, and on 12 November 600 workers were reported sick in Berlin and Spandau, with the cases in the city reaching 150,000 within a few days, and ultimately half of its 1.5 million inhabitants. Vienna was infected around the same time. Rome was reached by 17 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028677-0004-0001", "contents": "1889\u20131890 pandemic, Outbreak and spread\nThe flu also arrived in Paris that month, and towards its end had spread to Grenoble, Toulon, Toulouse and Lyon on the mainland, and Ajaccio on Corsica. At this point Spain was also infected, killing up to 300 a day in Madrid. It reached London at the same time, from where it spread quickly within Great Britain and Ireland to Birmingham, Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Dublin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028677-0005-0000", "contents": "1889\u20131890 pandemic, Outbreak and spread\nThe first case on American soil was reported on 18 December 1889. It then quickly spread throughout the East Coast and all the way to Chicago and Kansas in days. The first American death, Thomas Smith of Canton, Massachusetts, was reported on 25 December. San Francisco and other cities were also reached before the month was over, with the total US death toll at about 13,000. From there it spread south to Mexico and farther down, reaching Buenos Aires by 2 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028677-0006-0000", "contents": "1889\u20131890 pandemic, Outbreak and spread\nDurban in South Africa was reached in November 1889, while India received it in February 1890, and Singapore and the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) did by March. These were followed by Japan, Australia, and New Zealand by April, and then China in May; the infection continued to spread, reaching its original starting point in Central Asia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028677-0007-0000", "contents": "1889\u20131890 pandemic, Outbreak and spread\nIn four months it had spread throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Deaths peaked in Saint Petersburg on 1 December 1889, and in the United States during the week of 12 January 1890. The median time between the first reported case and peak mortality was five weeks. In Malta, the Asiatic flu took hold between January 1889 and March 1890, with a fatality rate of 4% (39 deaths), and a resurgence in January to May 1892 with 66 fatalities (3.3% case fatality). When this flu began, whether it was contagious was debated, but its quick action and pervasiveness across all climates and terrains proved that it was.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028677-0008-0000", "contents": "1889\u20131890 pandemic, Responses, Medical treatment\nThere was no standard treatment of flu; quinine and phenazone were used, as well as small doses of strychnine and larger ones of whisky and brandy, and as cheaper treatments linseed, salt and warm water, and glycerin. Many people also thought that fasting would 'starve' the fever, based on the belief that the body would not produce as much heat with less food; this was in fact poor medical advice. Furthermore, many doctors still believed in the miasma theory of disease rather than infectious spread; for example, notable professors of the University of Vienna, Hermann Nothnagel and Otto Kahler considered that the disease was not contagious.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028677-0009-0000", "contents": "1889\u20131890 pandemic, Responses, Public health\nA result of the Asiatic flu in Malta is that influenza became for the first time a compulsorily notifiable illness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028677-0010-0000", "contents": "1889\u20131890 pandemic, Identification of virus responsible, Influenza virus\nResearchers have tried for many years to identify the subtypes of Influenza A responsible for the 1889\u20131890, 1898\u20131900 and 1918 epidemics. Initially, this work was primarily based on \"seroarcheology\"\u2014the detection of antibodies to influenza infection in the sera of elderly people\u2014and it was thought that the 1889\u20131890 pandemic was caused by Influenza A subtype H2, the 1898\u20131900 epidemic by subtype H3, and the 1918 pandemic by subtype H1. With the confirmation of H1N1 as the cause of the 1918 flu pandemic following identification of H1N1 antibodies in exhumed corpses, reanalysis of seroarcheological data suggested Influenza A subtype H3 (possibly the H3N8 subtype) as a more likely cause for the 1889\u20131890 pandemic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 72], "content_span": [73, 794]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028677-0011-0000", "contents": "1889\u20131890 pandemic, Identification of virus responsible, Coronavirus\nAfter the 2002\u20132004 SARS outbreak, virologists started sequencing human and animal coronaviruses. A comparison of two virus strains in the Betacoronavirus 1 species, bovine coronavirus and human coronavirus OC43, indicated that they had a most recent common ancestor in the late 19th century, with several methods yielding most probable dates around 1890. Authors speculated that an introduction of the former strain to the human population, rather than influenza, might have caused the 1889 epidemic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 68], "content_span": [69, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028677-0012-0000", "contents": "1889\u20131890 pandemic, Identification of virus responsible, Coronavirus\nIn 2020 Danish researchers Lone Simonsen and Anders Gorm Pedersen noted that the clinical manifestations of the 1889 pandemic\u2014runny nose, headache, high fever, severe chest inflammation, speeding up old respiratory diseases, and primarily killing elderly people\u2014resembled COVID-19, a disease caused by a coronavirus, more than flu. They calculated that the human coronavirus OC43 had split from bovine coronavirus about 130 years before, approximately coinciding with the pandemic in 1889\u20131890. The calculation was based on genetic comparisons between bovine coronavirus and different strains of OC43. Their research had not been formally published as of November\u00a02020. In July 2021, examination of contemporary medical reports found that the clinical manifestations resembled those of COVID-19 rather than influenza, with notable similarities including multisystem disease, loss of taste and smell perception, and sequelae similar to long COVID.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 68], "content_span": [69, 1015]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028677-0013-0000", "contents": "1889\u20131890 pandemic, Pathology, Patterns of mortality\nUnlike most influenza pandemics such as the 1918 flu, primarily elderly people died in 1889. Due to generally lower standards of living, worse hygiene, and poorer standard of medicine, the proportion of vulnerable people was higher than in the modern world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 52], "content_span": [53, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028678-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Aston Villa F.C. season\nAston Villa had a disappointing 1889\u201390 season, having finished second in the previous season. They started with an unbeaten opening three games including a win over champions Preston, but suffered several defeats after Christmas, winning only one of their six remaining league games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028678-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Aston Villa F.C. season\nPreston's \"Invincibles\" were unbeaten from the previous season. They had now won their first league match to stretch their unbeaten league run to 23 games but faced a Villa team who would inflict their first-ever league defeat with a 5\u20133 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028678-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Aston Villa F.C. season\nScottish centre back, Jimmy Cowan, made his debut, coming from Vale of Leven FC. He would go on to make 357 appearances for Villa, his last win seeing Small Heath knocked out of the 1901 FA Cup Quarter-final replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028678-0003-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Aston Villa F.C. season, Results, League\nThe table below lists all the results of Aston Villa in the Football League for the 1889\u201390 season", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028679-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 British Home Championship\nThe 1889\u201390 British Home Championship was an edition of the annual international football tournament played between the British Home Nations. The seventh such competition held, the 1890 edition was, for the second time, jointly won by England and Scotland, the sixth time that Scotland had won. Played during the second half of the 1889/90 season, the tournament was also notable for two matches played by England on the 15 March against Wales and Ireland simultaneously. With an increasingly crowded domestic schedule cramping available dates for matches, England fielded two entirely separate teams, both of which won their games with an aggregate of twelve goals to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028679-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 British Home Championship\nWales took the early lead in the competition, winning the opening game at home against Ireland. England's double victories over Wales and Ireland then placed them in front with favourites Scotland still to play a match. Scotland responded to England's lead with two comfortable wins over Wales and Ireland 5\u20130 and 4\u20131 leaving the final match between England and Scotland as the deciding game. Despite a furious and dramatic encounter, neither side could best the other and the result was a 1\u20131 draw, placing both England and Scotland at the head of the table, goal difference not at this stage being used to differentiate the teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028680-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Burnley F.C. season\nThe 1889\u201390 season was the eighth season in the history of Burnley Football Club and their second in the Football League. Burnley ended the season in 11th position with a record of 4 wins, 5 draws and 13 defeats. As a result, the club was forced to apply for re-election to the League for the following season; the application was successful and Burnley retained their berth for the 1890\u201391 campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028680-0000-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Burnley F.C. season\nBurnley lost eight consecutive matches between 9 November 1889 and 22 February 1890 and did not achieve their first win in the League until 1 March 1890, when they beat Bolton Wanderers 7\u20130. The team was knocked out by Sheffield United in the First Round of the FA Cup, but they had success in the Lancashire Senior Cup, beating Rossendale United, Higher Walton and Haydock on the way to the final, where they defeated rivals Blackburn Rovers by two goals to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028681-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Celtic F.C. season\nThe 1888\u201389 season was the second season of football by Celtic. They competed in the Scottish Cup, Glasgow Exhibition Cup, Glasgow Merchants Charity Cup, Glasgow Cup and Glasgow North Eastern Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028682-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Currie Cup\nThe 1889\u201390 Currie Cup was the inaugural edition of the Currie Cup, the premier first-class cricket tournament in South Africa. The 1889\u201390 competition involved just two teams, Transvaal and Kimberley. The two sides played a single, three-day match, which was won by Transvaal by six wickets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028682-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Currie Cup\nBoth sides made low scores in their first innings; Kimberley, who had opted to bat first, were dismissed for 98 runs, and in their reply Transvaal reached 117, a lead of just 19 runs. In the second innings, they both fared better; a century from Bernard Tancred helped Kimberley to a total of 235, but Transvaal reached their total in 38 five-ball overs, helped by a century from Monty Bowden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028682-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Currie Cup, Background\nFirst-class cricket was first played in South Africa in the previous 1888\u201389 season, when Robert Warton managed a side which toured the country, playing against representative teams from each of the provinces, and two matches against South Africa, which were later adjudged to have Test cricket status. During that tour, Donald Currie donated the Currie Cup to be awarded to the team which performed best against the touring side; which was judged to be Kimberley. In other first-class matches during the 1889\u201390 season, Kimberley faced Natal twice, winning both matches. Transvaal did not play any first-class cricket prior to their Currie Cup contest with Kimberley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028682-0003-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Currie Cup, Background\nTransvaal challenged Kimberley for the Currie Cup in 1890, the first such challenge for the trophy. A number of the team selections were controversial: the selection committee for Transvaal chose Aubrey Smith and Monty Bowden, both of whom had remained in South Africa after touring as part of the England cricket team the previous year, and Charlie Finlason, who played the majority of his cricket for the opposition Kimberley team. Finlason, a newspaper journalist, had fallen out with Smith after writing a number of articles criticising him and the English side. When Finlason was selected for Transvaal, Smith\u2014who was captaining the side\u2014made him bat at number eleven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028682-0004-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Currie Cup, Match, Summary\nThe match began on Saturday 5 April 1890 at the Eclectics Cricket Club Ground in Kimberley. The toss was won by the Kimberley captain, Walter Woodthorpe, who opted to bat first. Bernard Tancred and Robert Snedden opened the batting, and scored 25 runs together before the first wicket fell. The Transvaal bowlers took three more wickets for the addition of just 27 runs, leaving Kimberley on 52 for 4. The batsmen then shared a partnership of 40 runs, but upon the loss of the next wicket, Kimberley suffered a collapse, and were eventually bowled out for 98 runs. Tancred top-scored for the side, accruing 42 runs, but only two other batsmen reached double figures; Snedden and John Coghlan, both of whom scored 13. Transvaal only used three bowlers during the innings; Aubrey Smith and Bentley Wimble each took four wickets, while Charles Vintcent took the remaining two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 908]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028682-0005-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Currie Cup, Match, Summary\nTransvaal began their reply strongly; their openers, Monty Bowden and John Hickson put on 69 runs for the first wicket, the majority being scored by Bowden. Once they lost their first wicket, the team continued to lose wickets at regular intervals; the second-highest partnership of the innings was the 17 runs made for the tenth, or last, wicket. George Glover was the best of the bowlers, collecting six wickets. Glover and Albert Rose-Innes bowled the majority of the overs, and took nine of the wickets between them. Bowden's score of 63 was substantially the best by any batsman in the innings, only John Piton, Spranger Harrison and Hickson scored more than 10 runs, and none managed as many as 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028682-0006-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Currie Cup, Match, Summary\nThe third innings of the match gave Kimberley a second attempt at batting on the first day; they lost wickets regularly through the afternoon, but opener Tancred remained at the crease throughout, finishing the day unbeaten on 55, with the team on 100 for six. The match resumed on Monday 7 April 1890, with no play scheduled for the Sunday. After the early loss of Rose-Innes for 20 runs, Charles Rutherfoord joined Tancred. The pair scored 97 runs together, taking the score up to 226.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028682-0006-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Currie Cup, Match, Summary\nThree quick wickets then ended the Kimberley innings; they scored 235 runs from 83 overs, in which Tancred scored a century, hitting 106 runs before being leg before wicket to Bowden. Vintcent took the most wickets for Transvaal, claiming four for 70. Smith claimed two wickets, and Bowden, who was designed on the scorecard as the team's wicket-keeper also claimed two wickets from the three overs that he bowled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028682-0007-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Currie Cup, Match, Summary\nTransvaal batted rapidly in their second innings, reaching the required total to win the match inside the second day of the match, which had been scheduled for three days in total. Opening batsman Bowden batted throughout the whole innings, remaining not out on 126 when his side won the match. He was joined at the end by Vintcent, who scored 60 runs in a partnership of 126 runs between the two players. Kimberley tried six different bowlers in an effort to bowl Transvaal out, but only Rose-Innes and Irvine Grimmer took wickets, claiming two apiece.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028682-0008-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Currie Cup, Aftermath\nTransvaal and Kimberley remained the only sides to contest the Currie Cup in the following season, and in their 1891 match, Kimberley won by 58 runs in a timeless match. The tournament was not played in 1891\u201392, but when it restarted the following year, a third team, Western Province joined, while Kimberley were renamed Griqualand West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 29], "content_span": [30, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1889\u201390 season was the 17th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nThe season began on 10 August with an away fixture against local county side, Kirkintilloch Athletic. A scratch side was fielded with seven first team regulars missing and only McLeod of the demised Dumbarton Athletic turning out at full back. The game was a poor one that the Sons lost 4-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nThe following week Dumbarton were invited to play the first game at Leith Athletic's new ground. While not at full strength, Dewar, McMillan and Stewart returned and McLeod played in his preferred position as keeper. Play was much improved on the previous week resulting in a 6-3 win. At the same time it was learned that Alex Latta formerly of Dumbarton Athletic and whose attacking skills were undoubted, had decided to turn professional and move to Everton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0003-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nOn 22 August Dumbarton travelled to neighbours Clydebank. The Sons were still under strength but Watson played his first game in a Dumbarton shirt. The play was mixed and in the end a 3-3 draw was a fair result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0004-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nTwo days later, Boghead hosted its opening game of the season against Methlan Park. The selection committee continued to try different combinations to ascertain the best eleven for the upcoming cup matches. A rather scrappy game finished in a 1-1 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0005-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nDumbarton were the first visitors of the season to Celtic Park on 29 August. The return of Keir and Joe Lindsay for their first games of the season meant a more recognisable team took the field. Miller shocked the 5,000 crowd by opening the scoring for Dumbarton after five minutes and the Sons play continued to be of a fine calibre though the Celts equalised before half time. Both teams strived for a winner in the second half but in the end the result stood at 1-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0006-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nDumbarton opened up their Scottish Cup campaign on 7 September. The draw was still made on a regional basis and it was perhaps unfortunate that Dumbarton had to play one of the other favourites for the competition, Vale of Leven, at Alexandria. The team that took the field was McLeod (goal); Stewart and Hannah (full backs); McMillan; Boyle and Keir (half backs); and Fraser, Weir, Bell, Mair and Alex Miller (forwards). In a tight game the Vale showed up more than the Sons in front of goal but both defences stood firm for a 0-0 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0007-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nA week later the replay took place at Boghead with the same eleven taking the field. In a lively game Vale opened the scoring in the first half but after the interval Mair managed to score to make the final score 1-1. In the draw made by the SFA on the following Tuesday both Dumbarton and Vale of Leven were advanced to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0008-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nOn 21 September Hearts visited Boghead. The team was weakened by the loss of Hannah and Keir who were both unfit and Weir who had moved south to play professional at Gateshead. Hearts were first to score but Mair had the Sons level by half time. After the restart both teams contributed to a fast and equal game but it was Hearts who found the net for a 2-1 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0009-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nThe following weekend pitted Dumbarton against Renton in the Scottish Cup at Tontine Park. Former Dumbarton Athletic players, James Galbraith and Joe Lindsay took their places in the team for this vital match. The Sons were quick off the mark and Fraser gave them the lead after seven minutes. Lindsay scored a second after 25 minutes and this was the state of play at the interval. Renton pushed hard in the second half and managed a goal with ten minutes remaining but the victory was Dumbarton's by 2-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0010-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nDumbarton made a visit to Hampden Park to play Queen's Park on 5 October. Hannah and Bell returned to the side. Both teams opened up well but despite chances at each end the interval arrived goalless. Fast attacking play continued and  Queens managed to score ten minutes into the second half. This however was the only goal of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0011-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nOn 12 October, Stewart; McMillan; McLeod and Bell played in the Dumbartonshire county side against Ayrshire at Ayr, and were on the losing side by 1-4. On the same day, Dumbarton minus the county reps met their neighbours Union at Boghead, but despite the missing talent managed a 2-0 win with goals from Mair and Chapman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0012-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nThe following Saturday it was the third round of the Scottish Cup with a home tie against cup holders 3rd LRV. A full strength side was available. Both teams started well but it was the Thirds who crossed over at half time a goal to the good. The Sons recovered in the second half and a Boyle goal secured a 1-1 draw and a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0013-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nThe teams met again on 26 October at Cathkin Park and it was another titanic struggle. The same eleven took to the field but it was the holders who prevailed 1-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0014-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nWith interest in the Scottish Cup at an end, Dumbarton turned their attention to the Dumbartonshire Cup, and on 2 November played Kirkintilloch Athletic in the first round. Stewart was missing from the squad, but with a goal in each half from Aitken and Fraser, the Sons advanced to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0015-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nThe following week Dumbarton were on their travels again with a visit to Thistle in Glasgow. Five regulars were missing and replaced by second XI players. Nevertheless, an own goal and a strike from Bell was sufficient for a 2-0 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0016-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nOn 16 November, Jamestown were visitors to Boghead in the second round of the county cup. A full strength team was available with the exception of the addition of William Thomson. Jamestown managed to hold off the Sons attack for 15 minutes but as soon as McMillan scored the first it was then a question of how many. Two more in the first half followed by four in the second resulted in a 7-1 rout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0017-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nThen a week later saw the season's second trip to Glasgow to play Celtic. Due to injuries a team reshuffle was required, with notably McLeod coming out of goal to play at left half. Despite the missing team members, Dumbarton started well but found themselves a goal down at the interval. Another Celtic goal was scored early in the second half but two goals in the final 15 minutes ensured that the Sons carved out a 2-2 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0018-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nOn 30 November Dumbarton played Cowlairs at Boghead. Hannah was a returnee to the team but in poor conditions Dumbarton's luck in front of goal deserted them. From a breakaway Colwairs scored 15 minutes into the second half but Bell got the equaliser 10 minutes later. Continued pressure brought no further goals the result being a 1-1 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0019-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nMethlan Park arrived at Boghead on 7 December to contest the semi final of the Dumbartonshire Cup. Lindsay returned to the front line. The Sons started well and on 20 minutes Chapman put the home side in front. Methlan equalised before half time but in the second half goals from Mair, Bell and one from a scrimmage resulted in a comfortable 4-1 victory for Dumbarton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0020-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nDumbarton made a visit to Abercorn on 14 December. Second XI player Goodwin was given a start on the left wing. Galbraith was first to score for the Sons and the home side equalised before half time. Goodwin restored the lead early in the second half and soon thereafter an Abercorn player had to leave the field injured. Play then became a bit \u2018rough\u2019 and through a free kick Abercorn brought the score level again. The 10 men continued the pressure and in the process of scoring their third goal the Abercorn scorer was severely injured and had to be carried from the field  Despite the handicap of playing with only 9 men, the home team secured a 3-2 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0021-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nOn 21 December, it was a home game against Partick Thistle, McMillan and Bell were missing from the Sons line up. Galbraith scored his second goal in successive games within minutes to put the home side one up and Goodwin also scored but this time it was into his own goal leaving the half time score  at 1-1. Partick went ahead early in the second half but a last minute goal from Mair rescued a 2-2 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0022-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nThe final game of 1889 saw a local derby against Renton at Boghead. Bell and McMillan returned but Stewart and Fraser did not play. Dumbarton were two ahead at half time but early into the second half Renton had managed to equalise. The Sons then retook the lead only for Renton to put through just on time to make the final score 3-3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0023-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nThe New Year's holiday was taken up with a tour of north Scotland and Fife. The hectic schedule began with a trouncing by Forfar Athletic 0-7, but improved greatly over the next three days with wins over Our Boys Dundee (4-1), Arbroath (8-3) and Dunfermline (8-0).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0024-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nOn 11 January, Dumbarton visited Tynecastle with a \u2018scratch\u2019 team which was missing 5 regulars. Nonetheless a McLeod double (who was playing outfield rather than his usual place between the posts) was enough to secure a 2-2 draw. Interestingly Hearts \u2018scored\u2019 a third goal which the referee allowed, but following a Dumbarton protest, the Hearts players agreed that the ball had gone over the bar, and persuaded the  referee that the goal be disallowed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0025-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nFollowing a free week, it was Kilmarnock who were visitors to Boghead. The team took on a more recognizable look but McLeod maintained his place in the attack. Bell equalised an earlier Kilmarnock goal before half time and Bell with his second half and Mair scored in the second for a final score of 3-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0026-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, February\nThe month began with a free week for Dumbarton \u2013 but not its players. Two inter-county games were played on 1 February, with McMillan; Keir; Bell and Galbraith playing against the East of Scotland and McLeod; Hannah and Lindsay playing against Refrewshire. Both games were lost, 3-5 and 3-7 respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0027-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, February\nAfter a blank week due to fog, on 15 February the Scottish Cup final between Queens Park and Vale of Leven was played. While the Dumbarton first XI did not play the Sons second string were represented in the final of the Scottish Second XI Cup against Rangers, but finished as runners-up after a 1-0 defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0028-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, February\nOn 22 February Dumbarton played a match against neighbours Methlan Park at Boghead. Taylor replaced Keir and Goodwin maintained his place in an otherwise full strength team. Goals from Bell in the first half and Galbraith and Aitken in the second made for a comfortable 3-0 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0029-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nAt Boghead on 1 March, Dumbarton, the county cupholders faced Vale of Leven, runners up in the Scottish Cup the week previously, in the final of the county championship. Keir returned at left half and Hutcheson replaced Taylor in the attack Despite being underdogs, Galbraith scored a goal in each half and it was Dumbarton who would retain the cup with a 2-0 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0030-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nA week later, while Dumbarton first XI rested up, a trial match was held at Celtic Park to decide on the players to represent Scotland in the upcoming Home Internationals, with both John Bell and John McLeod selected to take part. At the same time the second XIs of Dumbarton and Vale of Leven met to decide on the destination of the Dumbartonshire Second XI Cup, and Dumbarton made it a county double with an easy 7-1 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0031-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nOn 15 March, Dumbarton visited Renton for a local derby match. A strong Sons team took the field minus McMillan, and played up well with Mair scoring for a half time lead. In the second half Mair completed his hat trick and another from Hutcheson made the final score 4-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0032-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nDumbarton played a \u2018scratch\u2019 team as they hosted a trial match for the Dumbartonshire Junior Association XI on 22 March. The juniors put up stiff opposition before going down to the senior team by 3-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0033-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nOn 29 March, Scotland played Ireland in Belfast. John McLeod and John Bell were both capped for this match \u2013 which resulted in a 4-1 win for the Scots. On the same day, Dumbarton travelled to Kilmarnock, and despite the missing personnel, returned with a 2-1 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0034-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nThe month began with a local derby at home against Clydebank on 5 April. The Bankies scored first but the Sons equalised when the Clydebank keeper scored an own goal. By half time Dumbarton had increased their score to three and another in the second half made the final result 4-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0035-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nTwo days later as part of the Easter holidays Dumbarton set sail for their first \u2018overseas\u2019 challenge, and played out an exciting 4-4 draw with Belfast Distillery. Thomson, McDonald and Galbraith had the Sons 3-1 ahead at halftime but despite another from Galbraith the Belfast side fought back for the draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0036-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nOn 12 April Dumbarton played Glasgow Thistle in the first round of a tournament organised by Glasgow Hibernians. The Sons were missing three of their cup team but played well to deserve a half time lead from a Galbraith goal. The second half was completely one-sided and the Thistle were brushed aside 6-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0037-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nThe following week, while the team rested, three of the players, Hannah; McMillan and Boyle, were on county duty, with Dumbartonshire losing 2-4 to North Eastern Glasgow, McMillan scoring one of the goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0038-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nOn 24 April, Dumbarton travelled to Edinburgh to play St Bernards. Four regulars were missing but the Sons managed to come out on top by 5-3", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0039-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nA couple of days later Dumbarton played their first tie in the Greenock Charity Cup against Dykebar at Cappielow. The Sons were on top from the start and were two up within 10 minutes. In the end Dumbarton came away with a fine 6-0 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0040-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nMay began with a match on the 3rd against Rangers at Ibrox. Boyle and Keir were amongst those of the \u2018cup\u2019 team missing from the team. Rangers were first to get on the score card but Mair equalised for Dumbarton in the second half for a 1-1 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0041-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nIt was not until 23 May that Dumbarton played their next match \u2013 coincidentally again against Rangers at Ibrox. This time it was in the first tie of a competition for the benefit of United Abstainers FC. The Sons were near full strength and with goals from McMillan, Bell and an own goal the Sons secured a 3-2 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0042-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nOn 31 May another piece of silverware was up for grabs as Dumbarton took on Morton at Cappielow in the final of the Greenock Charity Cup. The Sons fielded the same team. Taylor had the Sons two ahead within six minutes. Bell made it three and it was four before half time. The domination continued in the second half as Dumbarton won the cup by 9-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0043-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, June\nOnly one tie remained to be decided at the beginning of June and that was the result of the United Abstainers FC tournament, which pitted Dumbarton against Third Lanark. On 5 June the teams turned out at Ibrox Park and fought out a goalless draw, but in the replay a fortnight later, it was Third Lanark who got the decisive goal in a close encounter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0044-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, Post Season Notes\nThe season ended with the publication of the fixture list for the first ever Scottish Football League \u2013 Dumbarton's first tie would be against Cowlairs at home on 16 August. However one honour had already been achieved with former player Alex Lawrance of Dumbarton being voted in as Chairman of the League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0045-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nAmongst those leaving the club from the first XI were, John Madden to Celtic, William Lapsley to Third Lanark, Geordie Dewar to Blackburn Rovers and James Bell to Aston Villa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0046-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nThose joining the first XI included a number of players following the \u2018amalgamation\u2019 with near neighbours Dumbarton Athletic, notable among those being Joe Lindsay,  James Galbraith, John McLeod and Daniel Watson. In addition John Taylor joined from Newtown Thistle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0047-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nOnly includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028683-0048-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton reached the third round of the Scottish Second XI Cup before losing out to Queen's Park in a replay. However the Dumbarrtonshire Second XI Cup was retained after a win in the final over Vale of Leven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028684-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Eastville Rovers F.C. season\nThe 1889\u201390 season was the seventh to be played by the team that are now known as Bristol Rovers, and their sixth playing under the name Eastville Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028684-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nAs reigning Gloucestershire Cup champions, much was expected of Eastville Rovers during the 1889\u201390 season, but for much of the early part of the season they were unable to field a full-strength side and as a result they put in a number of lacklustre performances. They failed in their efforts to retain the trophy thanks to a heavy defeat to Clifton in the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028684-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nPrior to their meeting with Rovers in the first round of the newly-renamed Gloucestershire Senior Challenge Cup, two Warmley players were banned for two months for excessively rough play in a match against Clifton. Serious consideration was given to postponing the cup tie because the Warmley team wouldn't have been at full strength, but the game went ahead on 18 January as planned, and was won by Rovers thanks to a single goal by Walter Perrin. Reports at the time commented on a large crowd attending the cup match in the hope of seeing some more violent play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028684-0003-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nThe reserve team had fewer games than in previous seasons, but this year saw them enter a cup competition for the first time. They took part in the inaugural Gloucestershire Junior Challenge Cup, where they were drawn against Brandon in the first round. A comfortable 6\u20130 victory put the Rovers through to the second round, where they were beaten by eventual cup winners Kingswood Congregational. It took the Kingswood side four attempts to beat Warmley Reserves in the final \u2013 two draws were followed by a game that had to be replayed due to the use of ineligible players, with Kingswood Congregational finally taking the trophy after the third replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028684-0004-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nA curious incident took place just before Christmas when the Bristol Mercury reported that the reserve team had drawn 23\u201323 with Clifton's reserves on 21 December. The following day the paper printed a retraction of the story, stating that they had been told by the honorary secretary of Clifton that the game had not taken place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028684-0005-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Statistics, Cumulative record\nThe total cumulative record of Eastville Rovers up to the end of the 1889\u201390 season is shown below. This is calculated by adding the numbers in the section above to the total games played up to last season. Friendly matches are not included in this table, and games held at neutral venues are considered to have been played away from home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028684-0006-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Statistics, Cumulative record\nAs of the summer of 1889, Rovers' competitive matches had all been played in the Gloucestershire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028685-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Everton F.C. season, Regular Football League First team\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028685-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Everton F.C. season, Regular Football League First team\nSuch was the transition at Everton over the summer that just four of the previous season's first choice eleven, Smalley, Farmer, Holt and Chadwick remained in place, the latter being the only player to play in every Everton League game since the formation of the competition. Twenty-five-year-old right back, Andrew Hannah was brought from Renton to replace the retired George Dobson. A disappointed Nick Ross returned to Preston having missed their double winning season and was replaced by the Bolton veteran left back, Dan Doyle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028685-0001-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Everton F.C. season, Regular Football League First team\nCharlie Parry arrived from Chester St Oswalds, pushing James Weir out of the side and striker Frank Sugg was also pushed out as Fred Geary was brought in from Notts County. Joe Davies returned to his hometown club Chirk to be replaced by Alex Latta from Dumbarton meaning that no less than five new signings made their debut on the opening day of the season with two of them, Geary and Parry both becoming instant heroes by scoring the goals in a 3\u20132 victory over Blackburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028685-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Everton F.C. season, Regular Football League First team\nThe loss of inside right Robert Watson to Gorton Villa during the summer left a gap that wasn't properly filled until November when Alec Brady arrived from Sunderland and also scored on his debut in the 8\u20130 mauling of Stoke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028685-0003-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Everton F.C. season, Regular Football League First team\nHis arrival completed what became the first choice eleven for the season but they only actually played as a team on one occasion when, in the formation listed above, they slumped to their worst result of the entire season, losing 1\u20135 at home to Preston on 16 November, despite leading at half time. Their second half display that day would ultimately cost Everton the title as the two points won by Preston proved to be the margin between the two sides at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028685-0003-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Everton F.C. season, Regular Football League First team\nCentre Half, George Farmer was heavily criticised for the defeat and was the only change for the next game, which Everton won 4\u20132 at Blackburn Rovers. He never regained his place in the side and was released at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028685-0003-0002", "contents": "1889\u201390 Everton F.C. season, Regular Football League First team\nFarmer's and Brady's Everton careers overlapped only three games, hence the solitary appearance of the first eleven, although the other nine, along with Farmer during the first half of the season and Brady during the latter half were almost a constant, with the result that five played all twenty-two games while Holt and Latta each missed just one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028685-0004-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Everton F.C. season, Other players used in the Football League\nBob Cain (4 appearances at centre back), Walter Cox (4 apps in goal), Harry Hammond (1 app at left back), R Jamieson (1 app at centre forward), Charles Jolliffe (1 app in goal), Robert Jones (1 app at inside right), Daniel Kirkwood (11 apps at inside right), W Orr (1 app at centre forward), Frank Sugg (1 app at centre back), James Weir (3 apps at left back)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028685-0005-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Everton F.C. season, Other players used in the Football League\nSugg and Weir had both been first team regulars the previous season but were edged out by new faces, the former going on to achieve greater fame as a cricketer of the highest calibre. Harry Hammond made only this one appearance for Everton before going on to narrowly miss out on winning the title with Sheffield United", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028685-0006-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Everton F.C. season, Achievements\nThe 1889/90 team set the following club records in the League", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 41], "content_span": [42, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028686-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 FA Cup\nThe 1889\u201390 FA Cup was the nineteenth season of the world's oldest football knockout competition, The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028686-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 FA Cup, Qualifying rounds\nFor information on the matches played from the First Round Qualifying to the Fourth Round Qualifying, see 1889\u201390 FA Cup qualifying rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 33], "content_span": [34, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028687-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nThis was the second season where the FA Cup, or the Football Association Challenge Cup, used a series of qualifying rounds in order to determine qualifiers for the actual Cup competition itself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028687-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nSee 1889\u201390 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the first round onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028688-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Football Alliance\nThe 1889\u201390 Football Alliance was the first season of the Football Alliance, an association football league which was set up in England as an alternative to The Football League, which had begun in the 1888\u201389 season. A proposal that the Football League be expanded to 24 teams was rejected, so a new league was formed to cater for those excluded. Twelve clubs were accepted for membership, the same number as in the Football League, and they were drawn from a similar geographical area, stretching from the Midlands to the North West, but also further east in Sheffield, Grimsby and Sunderland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028688-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Football Alliance\nTwo points were awarded for a win and one point for a draw, each team played every other team once at home and once away from home. The Wednesday were the first champions; after hitting an eight-match winning run which started in November, they found themselves at the top of the league by the end of December, and remained there for the rest of the season. Long Eaton Rangers finished last of the 12 clubs and dropped out to join the Midland Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028688-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Football Alliance, Team kits\nThese were the kits worn by the teams that season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028688-0003-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Football Alliance, The Football League election process\nAt the Football League election meeting no vote was taken, but it was agreed that Burnley and Notts County were re-elected to the Football League and that Sunderland was elected to join the League in place of Stoke, who would play in the Football Alliance the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028688-0004-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Football Alliance, The Football League election process\nThe applications of Football Alliance sides Bootle, Darwen, Grimsby Town, Newton Heath and Sunderland Albion to join the League were rejected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028689-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Football League\nThe 1889\u201390 Football League was the second season of English league football, with Preston North End being crowned as the champions for the second successive season. The clubs competing were the 12 original clubs which were the founders of the league the previous year. Unlike the modern system, two points were awarded for a win, with one for a draw and no points for a loss; this system was carried on until the 1980s when teams were awarded three points for a win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028689-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Football League, Final league table\nThe table below is reproduced here in the exact form that it can be found at the  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028689-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Football League, Final league table\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded). In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season. Since the goal average was used for this purpose for such a long time, it is presented in the tables below even for the seasons prior to 1894\u201395.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028689-0003-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Football League, Final league table\nDuring the first five seasons of the league, that is until the season 1893\u201394 re-election process concerned the clubs which finished in the bottom four of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028689-0004-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Football League, Re-election process\nAt the Football League election meeting no vote was taken, and it was agreed that Burnley and Notts County were re-elected and that Sunderland was elected in place of Stoke, who played in the Football Alliance the following season but returned to the Football League after a year's absence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028689-0005-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Football League, Re-election process\nThe applications of Football Alliance sides Bootle, Darwen, Grimsby Town, Newton Heath and Sunderland Albion were rejected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028690-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Football Tournament, Overview\nIt was contested by 7 teams, and Akademisk Boldklub won the championship. The format was slightly unusual in that all games had to have a winner. Therefore, if the match was level after 90 minutes, extra time was played. If the match was still level after extra time, the match was replayed until a winner emerged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028691-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nThe 1889\u201390 season is the 15th season of competitive football by Heart of Midlothian. Hearts competed in the Scottish Cup, the Rosebery Charity Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028692-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Hibernian F.C. season\nSeason 1889\u201390 was the 14th season in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the 13th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028692-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nHibs reached the sixth round of the Scottish Cup, losing 6\u20132 to Abercorn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028693-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Midland Football League\nThe 1889\u201390 Midland Football League season was the first in the history of the Midland Football League, a football competition in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028694-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Netherlands Football League Championship\nThe Netherlands Football League Championship 1889\u20131890 was contested by seven teams from the cities Amsterdam, The Hague, Haarlem and Rotterdam. The teams participated in the competition that would later be called Eerste Klasse West. But since the western football district of the Netherlands was the only one to have a competition at the time, it could be regarded as a national championship. Koninklijke HFC from Haarlem won the championship, however this championship was not official, since the teams had not played an equal number of matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028695-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season\nThe 1889\u201390 season was Newton Heath LYR's first season in the Football Alliance; they finished in 8th position. The club also took part in the FA Cup and the Lancashire Senior Cup, failing to get past the First Round in both competitions, as well as the Manchester and District Challenge Cup, in which they came out winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028696-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Northern Football League\nThe 1889\u201390 Northern Football League season was the inaugural season in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028697-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Preston North End F.C. season\nThe 1889\u201390 season was Preston's 2nd season in professional football. The club entered the season as double defending champions, having won both the league and FA Cup titles the previous season. Although the Bolton Wanderers removed them from the cup, a successive league title was assured on the final day. With the Lilywhites holding off the challenges of Everton and the Blackburn Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028697-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Preston North End F.C. season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028698-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1889\u201390 season is the 16th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028699-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\n1889-90 marked the 4th season of the club that was to become Arsenal F.C.. They remained at the Manor Field in Plumstead for the second consecutive season, and competed in four cup competitions, including the FA Cup, for the first time, reaching the fourth qualifying round. This season saw Arsenal win their first silverware, in the form of the Kent Senior Cup and the London Charity Cup, whilst also finishing runners up in the London Senior Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028699-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Royal Arsenal F.C. season, Players\nBelow is a list of players who made at least one appearance for Royal Arsenal during the season, with number of appearances, and goals. Debutantes are marked in Bold, whilst goalkeepers are marked in Italics. David Danskin again captained Arsenal for the season. Out of 41 games played across the season, 39 full lineups were recorded, with the other 2 games line-ups being partially recorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028699-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Royal Arsenal F.C. season, Matches\nBelow is a list of results of all fixtures played by the Royal Arsenal during the season. Out of 41 games, 4 of these were FA Cup fixtures, another 11 were competitive fixtures for other cups. They also played 26 friendlies. The overall season record stands at 31 wins, 5 draws, and 5 losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028700-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1889\u201390 Rugby Union County Championship was the second edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028700-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Rugby Union County Championship\nYorkshire won the competition for the second time. They were declared the champion county after finishing the season undefeated and were selected to play the Rest of England in the end of season county fixtures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028701-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Scottish Cup\nThe 1889\u201390 Scottish Cup was the 17th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Queen's Park defeated rivals Vale of Leven 2\u20131 in a replayed final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028701-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Scottish Cup, Teams\nAll 158 teams entered the competition in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028701-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Scottish Cup, First round\nCamelon, Clyde, Dumfries Harp, Dunfermline, Edinburgh University, Kirkintilloch Athletic, Lanemark and Lochgilphead received a bye to the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028701-0003-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Scottish Cup, Second round\nAyr Athletic, Champfleurie, Edinburgh University, Kilsyth Wanderers, Pollokshaws and Wishaw Thistle received a bye to the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028701-0004-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Scottish Cup, Fifth round\nHibernian, Kilbirnie, Leith Athletic and 3rd Lanark RV received a bye to the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028702-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1889\u201390 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028702-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Scottish Districts season, History\nGlasgow District and North of Scotland District were due to play at Forfar on 14 December 1889. Edinburgh District and South of Scotland District were due to play at Galashiels on 14 December 1889. Both matches were called off due to the weather despite the teams all showing up for play. The South team was selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028702-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City\nGlasgow District: A. Lede (Glasgow University), W. J. Reid (West of Scotland), C. F. P. Fraser (Glasgow University), J. J. Mitchell (Glasgow Academicals), C. E. Orr (West of Scotland), C. E. McEwan (West of Scotland), W. A. Macdonald [captain], E. M. Donaldson (Glasgow University), K. M. Bishop (Glasgow Academicals), J. D. Boswell (West of Scotland), J. E. Orr (West of Scotland), W. Auld (West of Scotland), H. F. Menzies (West of Scotland), E. H. Wynne (West of Scotland), R. O. Caw (Kelvinside Academicals),  Edinburgh District: A. W. Cameron (Watsonians), W. C. Smith (Edinburgh University), H. J. Stevenson (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Duncan (Edinburgh Academicals), F. B. Majoribanks (Edinburgh Academicals), G. R. Aitchison (Edinburgh Wanderers), A. M. Gordon(Edinburgh Academicals) [ captain], W. R. Ferguson (Edinburgh Academicals), (Edinburgh Academicals) A. A. Scot-Skirving (Edinburgh Academicals), A. Duke (Royal HSFP), R. J. Davidson (Royal HSFP), P. H. Blyth (Watsonians), R.M. M. Roddich (Watsonians), A. T. Aitken (Edinburgh Institution)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 1111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season\nThe 1889\u201390 season was the first in existence for Sheffield United. Having not been elected to any organised league at that point they predominantly played friendly fixtures but did enter the FA Cup for the first time as well as locally arranged cup competitions The Sheffield Challenge Cup and the Wharncliffe Charity Cup. The club did not employ a manager in this period; tactics and team selection were decided by The Football Committee and the players were coached by a trainer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0000-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season\nJ.B. Wostinholm held the position of club secretary, dealing with player transfers and contracts, arranging matches and dealing with the FA. The first season was deemed a reasonable success with steady attendances to home games and progress in the FA Cup although the fluctuating nature of the team meant that consistency was never really achieved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season\nAs the season progressed it became obvious that a better standard of player would be required to succeed in League Football and the club began to recruit new players in the spring, notably signing Rab Howell, Mick Whitham and Arthur Watson from nearby Rotherham Swifts who were in financial difficulties. United eventually reached the second round proper of the FA Cup where they were comprehensively beaten by the more experienced Bolton Wanderers and finished the season having been accepted to play in the newly formed Midland Counties League the following term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season, Background\nSheffield United had been formed earlier in 1889 by the organising committee of the Sheffield United Cricket Club in response to the growing popularity of the game. They viewed a football team as a means of generating extra revenue and a greater utilisation of the club facilities, particularly in the winter months. The initial plan was to sign a core squad of players and augment them with the best amateur players from the region as guests. The club had duly advertised for players in the local press and in Glasgow as it was considered that Scotland was an untapped pool of talent. Respondents were invited for trials and a basic squad were offered contracts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0003-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season, Kit\nFor their first season the team wore a plain white 'jersey' and blue 'knickers' and socks. The club would not adopt its now traditional red and white stripes until the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0004-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview\nWith a team assembled over the summer months, United played their first ever fixture against Notts Rangers on 7 September 1889, a game which they lost 4\u20131. As they were not part of any organised league the club arranged a series of friendly and exhibition games to fill the schedule of their fledgling club. Their opponents were drawn both from the local area (Sheffield having a number of established teams at this time) and from further afield, particularly the North-West and West Midlands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0005-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview\nThe establishment of a new, well-financed, football team in the city had caused some consternation amongst the local FA and United undertook a low-key start, not playing their first game at Bramall Lane until the end of September, against Birmingham St. George's. The team continued to play regularly and attendances at Bramall Lane steadily increased as interest in the new side grew. The team performed well against local sides but the fluctuating nature of the squad during this period meant there was little consistency in results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0005-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview\nBy December however, it had become clear that better quality of players would be required if the club was to develop and take on the more established sides playing in the Football League. The initial plan of maintaining a core of players that would be boosted from the ranks of the local amateur game had not borne fruit as the players who appeared were often ageing and past their best. Similarly the players recruited from Scotland had largely failed to impress and so the football committee looked to bring in fresh players to strengthen the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0006-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview\nIronically, their first two new signings were a Scot, William Calder, and another local amateur, T.B.A. Clarke, who both arrived in December 1889 but the team was beginning to take on a more professional image. The team continued their campaign of friendly fixtures into 1890, with varying degrees of success, whilst competing in the FA Cup for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0006-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview\nWith the club hoping to be accepted into the newly formed Midland Counties League for the following season the committee made a number of additions to the squad in March, signing Billy Bairstow from local side Sheffield Club but more significantly signing a trio of players from nearby Rotherham Swifts. Rab Howell, Arthur Watson and Michael Whitham would all become stalwarts of the team in the coming seasons, with both Howell and Whitham subsequently going on to represent England. They represented United's first reported entry into the transfer market, arriving for a combined fee of \u00a3200, and signalled a new era of full professionalism for the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0007-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, FA Cup\nUnited made their debut in the FA Cup in an away fixture against Scarborough on 7 October 1889, a game which they comprehensively won 6\u20131. Required to play a number of qualifying games they went on to play various local sides before reaching the First round proper when they took on Burnley in January 1990. Having dispatched the Clarets, United were drawn against another Lancashire side in the next round \u2013 Bolton Wanderers. Giving up home advantage in return for a payment of \u00a340 (a practice that was actually against the rules of the competition) they travelled across the Pennines only to be trounced 13\u20130, a result that remains United's worst ever cup defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0008-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Local cup competitions\nUnited entered both the Sheffield Challenge Cup and the Wharncliffe Charity Cup during the course of the season. Both competitions were ratified by the Sheffield FA and as such were viewed as fully competitive fixtures within the local area. United progressed through three early rounds of the Challenge Cup, beating Sheffield Exchange, Heeley and Attercliffe before facing Staveley at Bramall Lane in the semi-final. A 2\u20130 victory was enough to see them progress to the team's first ever 'cup final' where they took on an experienced Rotherham Town side over two legs. United were held to a 0\u20130 draw in the first fixture at Bramall Lane but succumbed to a single goal in the return leg which was played at the ground of Rotherham Swifts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 77], "content_span": [78, 816]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0009-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Local cup competitions\nThe Wharncliffe Cup was a smaller affair and The Blades needed only to beat Doncaster Rovers in a home game to progress to the semi-final. They travelled to Staveley but were beaten 2\u20131 by their hosts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 77], "content_span": [78, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0010-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season, Squad, First team\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0011-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season, Squad, Players leaving before end of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028703-0012-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Sheffield United F.C. season, Squad, Other players\nDuring this season a number of other players played first team games for United during their various fixtures. They were either triallists who were not retained or local players drawn from neighbouring clubs as 'guests'. The only guest player to feature in a competitive fixture was 'T. Wilson'  who played in the FA Cup first round match against Burnley. 'Wilson' was most likely a pseudonym and his true identity remains unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season\nThe 1889\u201390 season was the ninth season of competitive association football played by Small Heath F.C., an English football club based in the Small Heath district of Birmingham. They competed in the inaugural season of the Football Alliance. They finished in tenth position in the twelve-team league with six wins, five draws and eleven defeats, which gave them seventeen points. The team scored 44 goals in Alliance competition but conceded 67.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season\nSmall Heath entered the 1889\u201390 FA Cup at the second qualifying round stage. They progressed through three qualifying rounds and one round proper, eventually losing in the second round proper (last 16) to Football League club Wolverhampton Wanderers. In local competition, they were eliminated by West Bromwich Albion in the second round of the Birmingham Cup, and drew with Warwick County in the final of the Warwickshire Cup. Small Heath also played several friendly matches during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season\nSmall Heath used twenty-four different players in nationally organised competitive matches during the season and had fourteen different goalscorers. Walter Gittins missed just one match over the season; his full-back partner Fred Speller missed two. The top scorer was centre-forward and captain Will Devey with 27 goals, of which 18 were scored in league competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0003-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nIn the 1888\u201389 season, which coincided with the Small Heath club's first year as a limited company, it made enough profit to pay shareholders a dividend of 5 per cent. The team played in the Combination, a league established to provide regular competitive football for those clubs not invited to join the newly formed Football League. The Combination was not well organised, and not all teams completed their required 16 fixtures; Small Heath achieved 11. A proposal that the Football League be expanded to 24 teams was rejected, so a new league, to be known as the Football Alliance, was formed to cater for those excluded. Small Heath was one of the 12 clubs accepted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0004-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nSmall Heath retained most of the previous season's regular players, despite talk of \"two or three desertions that will be serious to their prospects if rumour should turn out to be correct\". Reports linking full-back Fred Speller with Warwick County left the Birmingham Daily Post \"wondering at footballers' ingratitude.\" One major departure was goalscoring winger Ted Hill, who was unwilling to commit to regular competitive football. New arrivals included Fred Heath, \"a fast runner and a good dribbler [who] centres while running at full speed\", who was viewed as the replacement for Ted Hill, fellow forward Billy Pratt, full-back Walter Gittins and backup goalkeeper Francis Banks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0005-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nDevey was appointed captain, though the Post suggested his tendency to argue with teammates made him a less than ideal candidate for the role. The team played in black shirts with an amber collar, white knickerbockers and black stockings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0006-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September\u2013October\nSmall Heath opened the Football Alliance campaign with a win. They took an early two-goal lead against Birmingham St George's at Coventry Road, and although Saints equalised before the interval and had the better of the second half, Chris Charsley's goalkeeping and Fred Speller's defence kept the Heathens in the game, and Will Devey took advantage of a goalkeeping error for the winning goal. During the reserve team match played the same day, a young opponent was kneed in the abdomen; he died of his injuries two days later in Birmingham General Hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0006-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September\u2013October\nWalter Gittins and Wilton Lines made their debuts at home to Bootle in front of a large crowd, attracted by Bootle's success in holding \"the Invincibles\"\u00a0\u2013 Preston North End, champions of the Football League, who had gone through the inaugural season unbeaten\u00a0\u2013 to a draw in a friendly match. Small Heath came out of the match with a 2\u20132 draw, with goals from Devey and Eddy Stanley in the first 12 minutes of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0006-0002", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September\u2013October\nBootle scored once before Thomas Davenport narrowly failed to increase Heath's lead when he headed against the crossbar, and after Bootle tied the scores, the defence of both sides worked hard to keep the scores tied. For the third Alliance match in succession, Small Heath let slip a lead, as their visit to Walsall Town Swifts finished at one goal apiece, and September ended with a 3\u20131 defeat of Burslem Port Vale in a \"somewhat dull\" friendly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0007-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September\u2013October\nOn a slippery pitch in \"a perfect deluge\", Small Heath held hosts Sunderland Albion to a one-all draw at half-time, but in the second half, Sunderland scored five goals without reply; Charsley \"was indifferently supported, and the visitors seemed to fall all to pieces\". At home to The Wednesday in similar conditions, Devey gave Small Heath a two-goal lead, but although Speller was able to frustrate many of Wednesday's left-wing attacks, they were able to score twice to draw the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0007-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September\u2013October\nThe Birmingham Daily Post thought Small Heath had done well to secure a draw, because their forwards passed wildly and lacked any effective combination, while Wednesday's forwards had been profligate in front of goal. The Sheffield Independent concurred that Small Heath were \"somewhat lucky\" to draw, as \"in every part of the game [Wednesday] surpassed their opponents\", and Small Heath only managed to keep them out by defending in numbers. The result left them seventh in the table, having spent September in the top three. In a one-sided game, Small Heath beat Oldbury Town 3\u20131 in the second qualifying round of the Association Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0008-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November\u2013December\nA goalless visit to Nottingham Forest, where but both sides' forwards were \"altogether nonplussed by the wind, which careered about in the wildest gusts\", was a better result for the visitors than for their hosts. Eddy Stanley shot against the crossbar, and Forest had a goal disallowed for offside.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0008-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November\u2013December\nThe 18-year-old Billy Walton made a \"not conspicuously successful\" debut; Walton had attended the 1886 FA Cup semi-final as a supporter of the then Small Heath Alliance, was to play for the club for fourteen years, helped clear snow from the pitch so that the official opening of the St Andrew's Ground in 1906 could go ahead, was present at the 1931 and 1956 FA Cup Finals, and attended St Andrew's until not long before his death in 1963. The match with Walsall Town Swifts began late because the visitors' kit had gone missing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0008-0002", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November\u2013December\nWalsall's defence was sound, if unnecessarily rough, and their forwards took advantage of mistakes by Gittins and Speller to clinch a 2\u20130 win. Small Heath had no difficulty progressing in the Association Cup, winning 5\u20131 at the home of Wednesbury Old Athletic. The Alliance fixture with The Wednesday, scheduled for the same day, was postponed until 21 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0009-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November\u2013December\nThe comfortable victories continued at home to Grimsby Town in the Alliance, courtesy of a steadfast defence, two goals from Devey, and one by Heath, and then in the next round of the Cup, by four goals to nil at home to Walsall Town Swifts, on a pitch covered in a combination of snow, slush and mud on which \"occasionally one of [the players] would take an involuntary slide of about a dozen yards, and then sit down with a force and a directness that must have been surprisingly sad.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0009-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November\u2013December\nSmall Heath, without Charsley, Short, Walton and Will Devey, could field only ten men for their rearranged visit to The Wednesday, top of the table and a particularly strong side at home. Jenkyns took over the captaincy, and he, Speller and reserve goalkeeper Francis Banks performed well, but the team was overwhelmed; the result, a 9\u20131 loss, in which Small Heath's only goal was scored by Wednesday's Teddy Brayshaw, remains a club record defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0010-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November\u2013December\nSmall Heath had three Alliance matches over the Christmas period. On Christmas morning, still without Devey and Walton, they played Birmingham St George's at Cape Hill. The home side took the lead, but Short equalised with a shot that rebounded off the underside of the crossbar shortly before half-time. In the second half, with the sun at their backs, St George's took charge, and the match finished 4\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0010-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November\u2013December\nAt Grimsby Town the following day, another weakened team lost by four clear goals, but two days later, Small Heath stopped the rot against Long Eaton Rangers despite the continued absence of Devey and Short's withdrawal. The play in a goalless first half suggested the players had enjoyed their Christmas festivities, but after the interval, Small Heath began to press, and came out winners by three goals to one. They went into the new year in seventh position; in terms of points, ten from twelve games placed them rather nearer the bottom than the top of the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0011-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nWill Devey was able to return to the attack, but his brother and Jenkyns were replaced in the half-back line by Morgan and Charlie Simms for the match at home to Crewe Alexandra; further depleted when Harry Morris left the field through injury, Small Heath lost 2\u20130. This was their last Alliance match until mid-February. With the half-back line at full strength, Small Heath took a two-goal lead at home to Long Eaton Rangers in the Birmingham Cup, but J. Start scored twice in the second half to force a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0011-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nA 4\u20130 defeat of Notts Jardines in a friendly \"played in the most apathetic manner\" preceded the first round proper of the Association Cup, against London Cup-holders Clapton; the Birmingham Daily Post warned that the visitors were \"somewhat of an unknown quantity\", so should not be taken lightly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0011-0002", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nSimms and Stanley replaced Ted Devey and Short in a win by three goals to one, helped by Small Heath's superior passing and stamina, and the \"brilliant run by which Stanley scored the third goal was one of the finest pieces of play that has been witnessed at Coventry Road for many a day\". In the Birmingham Cup replay, at Long Eaton, the Rangers tried to force the game in the first half, but could not score, and Devey could; after the interval, the game was more open, and Small Heath won 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0011-0003", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nBilled as a Birmingham Cup tie, the result was variously reported as such, as an Alliance match, or as both; the teams were scheduled to meet in the Alliance on 8 February, but did not do so, and the committee later ruled that the Birmingham Cup meeting should also count as an Alliance fixture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0012-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nSmall Heath were not expected to beat Wolverhampton Wanderers on their own ground, and they did not, but the match and the result were much closer than envisaged; the Liverpool Mercury described it as a \"scare\". The pitch was particularly deep in mud, and the visitors played under protest, but later decided it would be unsporting to take their complaint further. Heath played at left half instead of Ted Devey, and Short was absent, but Small Heath opened the scoring through Will Devey's determination, despite Wolverhampton allocating three men to mark him. The home players were more accustomed to the conditions, and this told in the end; despite the sound defensive work of Charsley, Speller and Heath, Wolverhampton scored twice, and went through to the last eight of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 857]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0013-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nCharsley, Speller, Morris, Jenkyns and Will Devey were selected to represent Warwickshire in a match against the Manchester Football Association; Speller sprained his ankle during the match, which Warwickshire lost 4\u20131, but his unavailability did not adversely affect Small Heath's return to Alliance competition with a 6\u20132 defeat of Darwen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0013-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nThe game marked the debuts of Jack Hallam, who went on to score 63 goals from 155 matches in national competition for the club, and Fred Wheldon, who scored 113 goals from 175 such matches before leaving for Aston Villa for a transfer fee of \u00a3350, reported to be an all-time record, and later played for England. With Speller still out, and the new forwards ineligible, Small Heath were eliminated from the Birmingham Cup by a strong West Bromwich Albion side. The first half of the visit to second-placed Crewe Alexandra was even; Crewe won the second half by five goals to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0014-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nFor the second time this season, a serious accident happened in a Small Heath reserve match, on this occasion against Singer's in the Birmingham Junior Cup. A Singer's full back slipped and fell while attempting to head the ball, an opponent fell on top of him, and the victim was left paralysed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0015-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March\u2013April\nIn an even, attacking friendly at Burslem Port Vale, Billy Walton scored twice late in the game to secure a 4\u20133 win. Small Heath were without the Devey brothers, on representative duty with the Birmingham Association teams. Will's eleven lost by a single goal to Lancashire, and Ted's eleven beat the London Association at Kennington Oval in a match reduced to 30 minutes each way because of heavy snow. Back in the Alliance, Small Heath were expected to beat Nottingham Forest, but the manner of their victory was \"sensational and surprising\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0015-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March\u2013April\nWill Devey scored six goals, George Short three, Ted Devey two and Hallam one to set a club record victory margin in national competition of twelve goals to nil, that, As of July 2013, has been equalled but not beaten. The next Saturday, they failed to beat Newton Heath when Billy Walton failed to tap the ball into an open goal with little time remaining, and the week after, they did enough to beat Derby Junction in a dull friendly on a dull afternoon with Junction's goalkeeper the best player on the field. Playing against the wind at home to Sunderland Albion, Small Heath conceded three early goals; on change of ends the visitors' defence stood firm, apart from one \"magnificent shot\" by Will Devey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0016-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March\u2013April\nThe Alliance campaign ended with a three-match tour of Lancashire over the Easter weekend. They went into Friday's match in eighth place, one point clear of the bottom four teams, who would have to apply for re-election to the competition for the new season. The absent Charsley was \"much missed\" as Bootle took a four-goal lead by the interval, and in a more competitive second half, scored only twice. On the Saturday, in an improved performance, they came off worse in an open, attacking game at Darwen, and on Monday at Newton Heath, they equalled their record defeat set only a few months earlier, a series of results that confirmed their finishing the season in the bottom four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0017-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March\u2013April\nSmall Heath played several friendly matches after the end of the competitive season. They beat Kidderminster Harriers 4\u20131 in front of \"a fair number\" of spectators at Coventry Road, and played Stoke home and away, each match won by its hosts. A benefit match was held for Chris Charsley ahead of his retirement; despite the admission charge being increased for the occasion, around 6,000 spectators turned up to watch a schoolboys' match followed by the main attraction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0017-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March\u2013April\nIn an encounter described by the Birmingham Daily Post as \"perhaps the closest and most exciting ever played on the field\", Aston Villa, featuring new signing Tom McKnight, drew 2\u20132 with a Small Heath eleven including St George's centre forward John Devey, older brother of Will and Ted, and future England international. A substantial sum was raised. Charsley and Will Devey represented the Birmingham Association against Liverpool and District at Anfield; Ted Devey was also selected, but was unable to play. The Liverpool team won by a single goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0018-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March\u2013April\nThe season ended with the final of the Warwickshire Association's senior cup competition. Small Heath were exempted until the semi-final, in which they beat Unity Gas Department. Their opponents in the final were Warwick County, and the match was played at that club's home ground, the County Cricket Ground. The match was drawn, and the second half was marred by a fight for which one player from each side was sent off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0019-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nSmall Heath finished tenth in the inaugural season of the Football Alliance, and were re-elected for 1890\u201391. Among regular first-team players to leave the club were Walter Gittins, Eddy Stanley, and Chris Charsley. Gittins, who partnered Fred Speller at full-back throughout the season, moved on to Stafford Rangers. Stanley had been with the club for nine years before injury forced his retirement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0019-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nDuring that time he scored 14 times in 22 FA Cup matches, contributed two goals and an assist as Small Heath won their first trophy, the 1883 Walsall Cup, and scored 5 goals from 13 games in the Football Alliance campaign. Goalkeeper Charsley, a serving police officer, announced his retirement. In June, he was honoured with a dinner at which he was presented with the proceeds of his benefit, some of which had been spent on a piano, and there was \u00a340 left over. The Birmingham Daily Post suggested the club \"were hardly likely ever to find so good a man again\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0020-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nNew arrivals included forward Charlie Short, who had played one match for Small Heath in March before finishing the season with Unity Gas, full-back Tom Bayley from Walsall Town Swifts, and goalkeeper Charles Partridge from Wednesbury Old Athletic. The club decided to change to a new kit\u00a0\u2013 a plain royal blue shirt and stockings with white knickerbockers\u00a0\u2013 because the black kit had proved difficult to see for players and spectators alike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0021-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Match details\nFor consistency, attendances and goalscorers' names in the Football Alliance and FA Cup match details are sourced from Matthews (2010). Information in contemporary newspaper reports could, and often did, differ.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028704-0022-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Small Heath F.C. season, Match details, Other matches\nApart from those detailed below, Small Heath also played non-competitive fixtures against a Small Heath past players XI, Burton Swifts, and two other matches against Aston Villa. One of these matches was held as a benefit for the long-serving Eddy Stanley, and raised \u00a315 10s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season\n1889\u201390 was the fifth season for St. Mary's Football Club (St. Mary's F.C.) based in Southampton in southern England. The club retained the Hampshire Junior Cup for the third consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of season\nThe season saw the club move into the Antelope Ground which would be their permanent home for the next seven years. They also changed their strip, playing in cherry red squares rather than a white shirt with a red sash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of season\nAlthough they were qualified to enter the Hampshire Senior Cup, the club committee decided to re-enter the Junior Cup, with a view to winning it for the third consecutive season, thereby enabling them to claim it outright. The passage through the cup was quite straightforward resulting in a 2\u20130 victory in the final against Lymington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0003-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of season\nAt the end of the season, the club had a balance of \u00a350 thus making it the \"richest club in Hampshire\". Writing in the Bournemouth Guardian, \"Offside\" prophesied the advent of professionalism:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0004-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of season\nWe shall be having some Scotchmen in the town soon. Perhaps \"Captain\" Carter will be taking a holiday among the Grampians this summer and coming back with a burly Highlander or two to help them to win the senior cup next year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0005-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of season\nSuch was the club's dominance in the county that for the match against Dorset, the Hampshire F.A. selected ten players from St. Mary's. After protests from Lymington, Cowes and other clubs, St. Mary's withdrew all their players from the team. This led to a change of policy by the Hampshire F.A. although St. Mary's players continued to dominate the county sides for many years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0006-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Personnel\nFollowing the retirement of his brother Charles following injury, Frank Bromley took over permanently as centre-forward with former Southampton Harriers  player Bob Kiddle alongside him. Arthur Fry retired during the season, leaving goalkeeper Ralph Ruffell as the only remaining player from the side who played in the inaugural match on 21 November 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0007-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Kit\nHaving played in white \"tunics\" with a red diagonal sash since their first match, the players kicked off the 1889\u201390 season in specially manufactured shirts of cherry and white quarters, with white shorts and dark blue socks. Writing some years later, F. J. Montgomery, who was a prominent committee member who also served as \"umpire\", claimed that the players \"baulked at the expense of new shirts\" and as a result he paid for them personally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 35], "content_span": [36, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0008-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Stadium\nSince its inception, the club had had no permanent home and generally played their home matches on Southampton Common, where spectators could watch for free, using the County Cricket Ground or the Antelope Ground for cup matches and more popular friendly matches. Following the demise of the Woolston Works club, the Antelope Ground was now available. The ground, which stood in St. Mary's road, between Brinton's Terrace and   Clovelly Road, had initially been known as \"Day's Ground\" after the Hampshire cricketer Daniel Day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0009-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Stadium\nThe cricket club vacated the ground in 1884 to move to the County Ground, after which the Antelope Ground was used for rugby and association football matches, with the Woolston Works team renting it from 1887 until their demise in 1889. As a result, St. Mary's Football Club became joint tenants of the ground with the Trojans Rugby Club. Where there was a clash of fixtures, St. Mary's were still able to avail themselves of the County Ground, where the football club's \"de facto\" president, Dr. Russell Bencraft, was the cricket club's Hon. Secretary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0010-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nHaving won the Junior Cup in the two previous seasons, St. Mary's were qualified to play in the Hampshire Senior Cup, but the club committee decided to play another season in the Junior Cup with the intention of winning it for the third consecutive year, thus enabling them to win the cup outright.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0011-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nThe club received a bye into the second round, where they easily disposed of Boscombe (now A.F.C. Bournemouth). This gave them a repeat of the previous season's semi-final against Cowes, who were defeated in a straightforward 2\u20131 victory in a match played in a gale-force wind. The semi-final, against Winchester Rovers was played at the County Ground in a snowstorm and match reports indicated that St. Mary's were \"fortunate\" to emerge with a 1\u20130 victory. This set up a final against Lymington who had defeated Freemantle in the semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0012-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nThe final was played at the County Ground on 29 March 1890 on a \"glorious afternoon\". According to the Bournemouth Guardian, \"the attendance at the County Ground cut the record. Altogether, over 2,000 paid for admission, which with ladies, members of the County Club, Bannister School, boysand officials, would give an attendance of something like 2,800\". The gate receipts of \u00a351 3s 6d, was reported as \"the largest ever taken in the two counties (Hampshire and Dorset) and beats the big 'gate' at the Cowes match last year\". The gate receipts were described as \"a fortune\" by William Pickford, the secretary of the Hampshire F.A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0013-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Junior Cup\nSt. Mary's dominated the final and the scoreline, 2\u20130 did not reflect their superiority. This led to criticism in the Bournemouth Guardian that \"with forwards equal to the defence, St. Mary's might play a good game with better clubs than we often see in Hampshire; though I still have my doubts about Aston Villa\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0014-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Friendly matches\nSt. Mary's continued to play most of their football in friendly matches against other local teams and touring sides. They went through the season undefeated, with one draw, against Bannister Court. The penultimate match of the season was against the Aldershot-based Royal Engineers who had recently won the Hampshire Senior Cup for the second successive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0015-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Friendly matches, Results\nThe results of the friendly matches that are known were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0016-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Player statistics\nThe players who appeared in  the Hampshire Junior Cup were as follows. This list does not include appearances or goals in friendly matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028705-0017-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 St. Mary's F.C. season, Players\nThe players who made their first appearance for the club in 1889\u201390 include the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028706-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Stoke F.C. season\nThe 1889\u201390 season was Stoke's second season in the Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028706-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Stoke F.C. season\nIt was another poor season for Stoke, as they again finished bottom of the Football League but this time they failed to gain re-election and their place was taken by Sunderland and Stoke joined the Football Alliance for the following season. Stoke's worst league and FA Cup defeat came during the 1889\u201390 season, a 10\u20130 reverse against Preston North End and an 8\u20130 cup defeat to Wolverhampton Wanderers. Stoke won just three matches all season and picked up just ten points making it the club's worst performance in league football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028706-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nAfter finishing bottom of the league last season Stoke failed to improve a great deal in the 1889\u201390 season and again took the wooden spoon. They were humiliated 10\u20130 in the second match of the season away at Preston North End where all the goals were scored by Scottish internationals as Stoke suffered their worst league defeat. Stoke also lost 8\u20130 away to both Everton and Blackburn Rovers and they also suffered a 6\u20131 reverse against Aston Villa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028706-0002-0001", "contents": "1889\u201390 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nStoke were awful throughout the season and went on a ten match losing streak stretching from 19 October 1889 to 4 January 1890. In a tough home fixture against Burnley just before Christmas, Bob McCormick, the Stoke inside-right, badly injured his collar bone in a challenge with the Burnley full-back and at the end of the match some supporters invaded the pitch and confronted the \"Clarets\" defender. Stoke won the match 2\u20131 but Burnley lodged an appeal claiming their players had been intimidated. The League decided in Burnley's favour and ordered the match to be replayed, this time Burnley won 4\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028706-0003-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nStoke won only three matches this season and amassed a mere ten points three fewer than Burnley and 23 behind champions, for the second season running Preston. Stoke failed to gain re-election and the end of the season and their place was taken by Sunderland. Stoke joined the Football Alliance for the 1890\u201391 season. A 7\u20131 victory over Accrington where Bob Ramsay scored the \"Potters\" first hat-trick was a rare highlight in what was an awful season. At the end of the season manager Harry Lockett left the club to concentrate on his job as secretary of the Football League and Joseph Bradshaw took over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028706-0004-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nIn the FA Cup, Stoke knocked out Old Westminsters and Everton but were ousted from the competition by Wolverhampton Wanderers. This third round tie was played on 15 February 1890 in driving sleet and rain on a heavy pitch and Wolves more suited to the conditions easily won the match 4\u20130. Stoke protested over the state of the pitch and the FA ordered a re-match the following Saturday. This time Wolves doubled the score to 8\u20130 much to the embarrassment of the Stoke officials. The result is Stoke's worst  in the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028707-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 in English football\nThe 1889\u201390 season was the 19th season of competitive football in England. Preston North End were Football League champions for the second successive season while The Wednesday finished top of the newly formed Football Alliance. Blackburn Rovers won the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028707-0001-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 in English football, Football Alliance\nA new competition, the Football Alliance, started this season. It was formed by 12 clubs as a rival to The Football League, which had begun in the 1888\u201389 season, also with 12 member clubs. The Alliance covered a similar area to the League, stretching from the Midlands to the North West, but also further east in Sheffield, Grimsby and Sunderland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028707-0002-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 in English football, FA Cup\nThe FA Cup was won by Blackburn Rovers, who beat The Wednesday 6\u20131 in the 1890 FA Cup Final to lift the trophy for the fourth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028707-0003-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 in English football, National team\nIn the 1889\u201390 British Home Championship, England played matches against Wales and Ireland on the same day, 15 March 1890, winning both comfortably. The team for the Wales match were mainly amateur players, whereas the team against Ireland were all professional players. The Irish goal was scored by Jack Reynolds, who later played for England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028707-0004-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 in English football, National team\nIn the deciding match against Scotland, the teams drew 1\u20131 and shared the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028708-0000-0000", "contents": "1889\u201390 in Scottish football\nThe 1889\u201390 season was the 17th season of competitive football in Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028709-0000-0000", "contents": "188th (2/1st Northumberland) Brigade\nThe 188th (2/1st Northumberland) Brigade was formed in 1915 as a 2nd Line infantry brigade of the British Army's Territorial Force. It commanded four battalions of the Northumberland Fusiliers in the Home Defence role. It was broken up in November 1916 as its battalions were posted away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028709-0001-0000", "contents": "188th (2/1st Northumberland) Brigade, History, Origin\nIn accordance with the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (7 Edw. 7, c.9) which brought the Territorial Force into being, the TF was intended to be a home defence force for service during wartime and members could not be compelled to serve outside the country. However, on the outbreak of war on 4 August 1914, many members volunteered for Imperial Service. Therefore, TF units were split into 1st Line (liable for overseas service) and 2nd Line (home service for those unable or unwilling to serve overseas) units.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028709-0001-0001", "contents": "188th (2/1st Northumberland) Brigade, History, Origin\n2nd Line units performed the home defence role, although in fact most of these were also posted abroad in due course. Later, a 3rd Line was formed to act as a reserve, providing trained replacements for the 1st and 2nd Line units. Similarly, by 1915 most 2nd Line infantry battalions were formed into 2nd Line brigades and divisions with the same title and composition as the pre-war 1st Line formations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028709-0002-0000", "contents": "188th (2/1st Northumberland) Brigade, History, Origin\n188th (2/1st Northumberland) Brigade was organised in January 1915 from 2nd Line Territorial Force (TF) units of the Northumberland Fusiliers, and formed part of 63rd (2nd Northumbrian) Division. It was a duplicate of the pre-war Northumberland Brigade, Northumbrian Division of the TF (which were numbered 149th (Northumberland) Brigade and 50th (Northumbrian) Division respectively in April 1915).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028709-0003-0000", "contents": "188th (2/1st Northumberland) Brigade, History, Disbandment\nThe 63rd (2nd Northumbrian) Division was disbanded on 21 July 1916, and 188th Brigade followed on 14 November. The 2/4th, 2/5th and 2/6th battalions transferred to 217th Brigade in a new 72nd Division. The 2/7th Battalion sailed for Egypt on 20 January 1917 for service as a Garrison battalion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028709-0004-0000", "contents": "188th (2/1st Northumberland) Brigade, History, Disbandment\nThe divisional number 63 was transferred to the Royal Naval Division, and its 3rd (Royal Marine) Brigade became a new 188th Brigade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028710-0000-0000", "contents": "188th (Saskatchewan) Battalion, CEF\nThe 188th (Saskatchewan) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the World War I. Based in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16 throughout northern Saskatchewan. After sailing to England in October 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 15th Reserve Battalion on January 4, 1917. The 188th (Saskatchewan) Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieutenant-Colonel S. J. Donaldson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028711-0000-0000", "contents": "188th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (United States)\nThe  188th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion was  an Antiaircraft Battalion of the United States Army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028711-0001-0000", "contents": "188th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (United States), Lineage\nConstituted 28 June 1955 as the 188th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (Automatic Weapons)(Self Propelled) and allotted to the Colorado National Guard. Organized 1 August 1955 from existing organizations as follows-", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 63], "content_span": [64, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028711-0002-0000", "contents": "188th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (United States), Lineage\nConsolidated 1 February 1959 with the 157th Field Artillery, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 63], "content_span": [64, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028711-0003-0000", "contents": "188th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (United States), Decorations\nPhilippine Presidential Unit Citation, Streamer embroidered 17 OCTOBER 1944 to 4 JULY 1945 (983rd Field Artillery Battalion cited DAGO 47,1950", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 67], "content_span": [68, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028712-0000-0000", "contents": "188th Armored Brigade\nThe 188th \"Barak\" (Lightning) Armored Brigade is an Israeli armored brigade, subordinate to Israel's Northern Regional Command. The emblem of the Barak Armored Brigade is a red-bordered rhombus bearing a sword against a blue and white background depicting the Haifa coastline. The brigade has a long history beginning before the foundation of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028712-0001-0000", "contents": "188th Armored Brigade\nIn 1990 the brigade was the first to adopt the Merkava mark-III main battle tank, phasing out its older Centurion tanks. The brigade is now phasing out the mark-III tanks and by end of July 2020 will be using only mark-IVs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028712-0002-0000", "contents": "188th Armored Brigade, History\nThe brigade was formed as the 2nd Brigade during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, when it was split off from the Levanoni Brigade. Named the Carmeli Brigade because it was led by Moshe Carmel, the brigade was an infantry formation operating in northern Palestine. It played an important part in Operation Hiram. After the IDF was formed, the Carmeli Brigade became its 18th Brigade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028712-0003-0000", "contents": "188th Armored Brigade, History\nDuring the Sinai Campaign of 1956, the brigade was stationed along the Jordanian border, in case the Jordanians decided to open a second front, and was thus not involved in combat. It was shortly later assigned armored units to become the 45th Armored Brigade, also known as the \"Barak Armored Brigade\". It consisted of one tank battalion, two armored infantry battalions, a mortar battalion and reconnaissance units. The changeover was completed in 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028712-0004-0000", "contents": "188th Armored Brigade, History\nDuring the Yom Kippur War, it played an important role defending Israel's border against the Syrian attack in the southern Golan Heights. 112 soldiers were killed in action, including the brigade commander. The brigade was almost completely destroyed. The main Syrian attack at 14:30\u201314:50 PM, confronted by the newly positioned 74th Tank Battalion, under the command of Lt.Col. Yair Nafshi. Nafshi moved his battalion position 1.5\u00a0km forward from its previous defensive position, a maneuver that saved his men and machines from the Syrian artillery barrage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028712-0004-0001", "contents": "188th Armored Brigade, History\nHis was the only remaining tank force, equipped with 36 Israeli modified Centurion tanks to fight the Syrians for 3 continuous days, until reinforcements and reserves were moved into positions. His battalion was reinforced with a tank company from the 53rd battalion. After 4 days of fighting, his battalion was reduced to 5 operational tanks. More than 102 soldiers and officers died defending the southern Golan Line, from reinforced points (bunkers) 107 to 114. For his gallant, professional, and courageous behavior during the war, Yair Nafshi received Israel's second highest decoration, the Medal of Valor. He retired from the army with the rank of Brigadier General.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028712-0005-0000", "contents": "188th Armored Brigade, History\nDuring the battle, Lieutenant Zvika Greengold, who had arrived unattached to any unit, fought off attacks with his single tank until help arrived. \"For the next 20 hours, Zvika Force, as he came to be known on the radio net, fought running battles with Syrian tanks\u2014sometimes alone, sometimes as part of a larger unit, changing tanks half a dozen times as they were knocked out. He was wounded and burned but stayed in action and repeatedly showed up at critical moments from an unexpected direction to change the course of a skirmish.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028712-0006-0000", "contents": "188th Armored Brigade, History\nAfter the war, the task of rebuilding the brigade was assigned to Yonatan Netanyahu. In the 1982 Lebanon War, it fought in Beirut and participated in the capture of the local airport. Today, the brigade is part of the 36th Armored Division, the largest regular service armored division in the IDF.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028712-0007-0000", "contents": "188th Armored Brigade, Memorial\nThe memorial is situated in the Golan Heights at Road 91 near the entrance to Nahal Gilbon and the former Syrian village Aleiqa. It is inscribed with a verse from a Hebrew song, citing Jeremiah 17:8: \"A person is like a tree planted by water, seeking roots.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 31], "content_span": [32, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0000-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States)\nThe 188th Infantry Brigade is an infantry training brigade of the United States Army based at Fort Stewart, Georgia. It is a subordinate unit of the First United States Army, Division East.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0001-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States)\nActive from 1921 to 1942 as part of the 94th Infantry Division, the brigade was transformed into a reconnaissance troop during and after World War II, supporting the 94th Division as it fought in Europe. Activated again from 1997 to 1999 and again in 2006, the unit gained responsibility for conducting training for other reserve component army units with a variety of purposes. Today, the unit is responsible for training selected United States Army Reserve and National Guard units East of the Mississippi River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0002-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), Organization\nThe brigade is subordinate to First Army Division East of the First United States Army, one of nine training brigades spread throughout the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 52], "content_span": [53, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0003-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), Organization, 2016 Organization\nAs part of Operation Bold Shift, the brigade absorbed battalions from inactivating First Army brigades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 71], "content_span": [72, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0004-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), History\nThe 188th Infantry Brigade was first constituted on 24 June 1921 in the organized reserves at Boston, Massachusetts. It was organized with two infantry regiments, the 376th Infantry Regiment and the 419th Infantry Regiment. It was, in turn, assigned to the 94th Infantry Division. From 1921 to 1942 the division remained on the Massachusetts organized reserve rolls, though the unit did not assemble except for regular weekend training. In 1925, the brigade relocated to Worcester, Massachusetts and in 1940 it moved to Springfield, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0005-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), History, 94th Reconnaissance Troop\nThe 94th Infantry Division was mobilized for deployment for World War II on 15 September 1942 at Fort Custer, Michigan. During this mobilization the 188th Infantry Brigade went through a series of reorganizations. The 376th Infantry Regiment continued as part of the 94th Infantry Division and the remainder of the 188th Infantry Brigade became the 94th Reconnaissance Troop, still assigned to the 94th Infantry Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0006-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), History, 94th Reconnaissance Troop\nThe 94th Infantry Division, with the troop in tow, landed on Utah Beach on 8 September 1944, 94 days after D-Day. It and moved into Brittany to assume responsibility for containing some 60,000 German troops besieged in the ports of Lorient and Saint-Nazaire. The 94th inflicted over 2,700 casualties on the German forces and took 566 prisoners before being relieved on 1 January 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0007-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), History, 94th Reconnaissance Troop\nMoving west, the troop followed the division as it took positions in the Saar-Moselle Triangle, facing the Siegfried Switch Line on 7 January 1945, and shifted to the offensive on 14 January, seizing Tettingen and Butzdorf that day. The following day, the Nennigberg-Wies area was wrested from the German army, but heavy counterattacks followed and Butzdorf, Berg, and most of Nennig changed hands several times before being finally secured. On 20 January, an unsuccessful battalion attack against Orscholz, eastern terminus of the switch position, cost the division most of two companies. In early February, the division, with troop in tow, took the woods of Campholz and later Sinz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0008-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), History, 94th Reconnaissance Troop\nOn 19 February 1945, the division launched a full-scale attack, storming Munzigen Ridge, the backbone of the Saar-Moselle Triangle, and captured all of its objectives. Moving forward, the 94th Infantry Division, along with the 10th Armored Division, secured the area from Orscholz to the confluence of the Saar and Moselle Rivers by 21 February 1945. Then, launching an attack across the Saar, it established and expanded a bridgehead. By 2 March 1945, the division stretched over a 10-mile (16\u00a0km) front, from Hocker Hill on the Saar through Zerf, and Lampaden to Ollmuth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0008-0001", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), History, 94th Reconnaissance Troop\nA heavy German attack near Lampaden achieved penetrations, but the line was shortly restored, and on 13 March, spearheading the XX Corps, the 94th broke out of the bridgehead and drove to the Rhine River, reaching it on 21 March. Ludwigshafen was taken on 24 March, with assistance from elements the 12th Armored Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0009-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), History, 94th Reconnaissance Troop\nThe 94th Infantry Division then moved by railroad and motor to the vicinity of Krefeld, Germany, assuming responsibility for containing the west side of the Ruhr pocket from positions along the Rhine on 3 April. With the reduction of the pocket in mid-April, the 94th Infantry Division was assigned military government duties, first in the Krefeld and later in the D\u00fcsseldorf areas. Soldiers of the troop participated in this assignment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0010-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), History, 94th Reconnaissance Troop\nThe 94th Infantry Division participated in four World War II campaigns on mainland Europe. The 94th Reconnaissance Troop supported the division throughout its push through Europe. Upon the end of fighting in Europe, the 94th Infantry Division began conducting occupation duty in Europe until it returned to the US at the end of 1945. The Troop was demobilized at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey and deactivated on 7 February 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0011-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), History, 94th Reconnaissance Troop\nThe troop was reactivated on 13 February 1947 in Boston, Massachusetts. However, the troop did not see any significant actions during its post war years, still a part of the 94th Infantry Division, which itself was never called on for service. The troop was moved to Cohasset, Massachusetts in 1953, remaining there for another six years as an inactive reserve unit until 1959, when it was again disbanded and inactivated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0012-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), History, Training brigade\nOn 24 October 1997, the 188th Infantry Brigade was reactivated again in the Active duty force at Fort Stewart, Georgia. It was a reflagging of the 4th Brigade, 87th Division. The brigade was reactivated to provide training support to Reserve Component units in the region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0013-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), History, Training brigade\nAs of 1998 there were 248 soldiers assigned to the Brigade in five training support battalions and the Brigade Headquarters. At that time, the 188th Infantry Brigade supported the training of over 5,000 National Guard and Reserve Component soldiers in infantry, armor, cavalry, aviation, artillery, communications, medical, maintenance, and supply units.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0014-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), History, Training brigade\nThe Brigade was composed entirely of active duty senior noncommissioned officers and officers who conducted training assistance and valuations for a variety of combat arms, combat support and combat service support units. A new building was constructed on Fort Stewart, Georgia for the Brigade and was occupied in August 1997. The First United States Army, the Brigade's higher headquarters, also purchased new furniture and computers for the Brigade's use. In 1999, the brigade was again reflagged as the 4th Brigade, 87th Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0015-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), History, Present day\nThe brigade was reactivated on 1 October 2006 as part of another consolidation of US Army training commands, again at Fort Stewart. The division fell under the command of Division East of the First United States Army. During the consolidation, the brigade was given a larger area of responsibility, supporting the training of over 18,000 National Guard and Reserve Component soldiers in infantry, armor, cavalry, aviation, artillery, communications, medical, maintenance, and supply units both at and around the Fort Stewart area. The brigade grew to over 600 soldiers assigned to 6 training support battalions and the Headquarters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028713-0016-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States), History, Present day\nOn 15 January 2008, the brigade received a shoulder sleeve insignia and distinctive unit insignia. Both of these allude to the brigade's service to the 94th Infantry Division both during peacetime and as the 94th Reconnaissance Troop during and after World War II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0000-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States)\nThe 188th Glider Infantry Regiment was a regiment in the United States Army that was active during World War II. It was a part of the 11th Airborne Division during its entire existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0001-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States)\nThe 188th Infantry Regiment was constituted on 12 November 1942 at Camp Mackall, North Carolina. On 25 February 1943, the 188th was activated under the command of Colonel Robert H. Soule. It was designated a glider regiment, and assigned to the 11th Airborne Division. A two battalion regiment, the 188th trained and prepared for combat with its men trained at the end of the war both as gliderists and parachutists. Subsequently, on 4 July 1945 the regiment was redesignated as the 188th Parachute Infantry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0002-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States)\nIn April, 1944 the 11th was moved to Camp Stoneman, 30 miles (48\u00a0km) east of San Francisco, California. The camp processed units for movement overseas. The 11th spent 6 days at the camp being fed extremely well and provided with as much entertainment as possible. One of the tasks at Stoneman was to learn what to do on a ship in case of an attack, and the need to abandon ship. By 11 May the division had sailed on several ships from the port of San Francisco for a 28-day voyage to New Guinea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0003-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), New Guinea\nThe 11th landed as a reserve unit for the Hollandia Operation. Japanese still occupied the island and there was fighting in other parts of the island. Although the 11th had combat alert, they were not committed. By July, 1944 the Japanese had been cut off and isolated in New Guinea. In the meantime Admiral Nimitz's \"Island Hopping\" had retaken the Solomons, Gilberts, Marshals and Marianas. Between June, 1944 and that September, the 11th had become accustomed to the heat and the jungle conditions. This included jumping into razor sharp Hunai grass. Malaria medication also became a daily routine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0004-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), New Guinea\nWhile they there, General MacArthur personally informed General Swing the 11th would be committed to a large operation. He was investigating an airborne assault. New training was centered on jump school and combat in the jungle, with an emphasis on live firing exercises. The entire 11th also had amphibious training whenever possible. General Swing took care of his troops in every way he deemed necessary to improve their survival and morale. His troops would realize after their combat experiences that he trained them hard, and well. He demanded the discipline they would need to survive. Staff and commanders were expected to bolster the welfare and morale of the men whenever possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0005-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), New Guinea\nThis ghost unit was created for specific purposes, not known to others. It was not an authorized unit. The members, on paper, were assigned to various units within the division. This included the 511th, 187th, and 188th. It was an all volunteer unit, and those men could drop out any time without explanation. General Swing wanted a small, well trained unit at his disposal to use as necessary without any explanation. It would be a secret that remained within the 11th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0006-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines\nOn 3 October 1944 The Joint Chiefs of Staff approved MacArthur's commitment to return and free the Philippines. The 11th landed at Bito Beach on the Leyete Gulf in November, 1944. The 11th relieved the 7th Infantry Division and was ordered to search and destroy the enemy in their sector. The sector included a very rugged heavily forested mountain range which extended from the Cariaga Bay in the north to the Cabalian and Sogod Bays in the south. The 188th under Colonel \"Shorty\" Soule was to secure the southern part of the sector.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 56], "content_span": [57, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0006-0001", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines\nThe 188th 1st Battalion also patrolled and engaged the enemy as far as the west coast of Leyte. They protected the 511th as it moved west. When that was completed, the 188th turned and moved north. Unknown at the time, the increased Japanese buildup of ground forces on Leyte would result in major combat for the 11th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 56], "content_span": [57, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0007-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines\nThe first Japanese offensive occurred 5 December 1944. It was a major attack by General Yamashita to recapture the airfields in the Burauen-Dulag area. Before Japanese paratroopers with fighter escort jumped, the Buri, San Pablo, and medium bombers strafed Buyug airstrips. The enemy was repelled, and the 1st of the 187th was ordered to clear the Buri strip as soon as possible. The Japanese retreated because they recognized it was more important to hold another location, Ormoc. At the Bayug strip the enemy had set fire to a number of planes that the 11th relied on to keep troops in the hills supplied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 56], "content_span": [57, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0008-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Luzon\nThe 11th landed on 31 January 1945. Two glider combat teams landed amphibiously at a town, Nasugbu, on the west coast of the island of Luzon, south of Manila. The 188th 1st battalion Co. C was among them. The plan was that the 188th Infantry Regimental Combat Team would assault Nasughu first and secure a beachhead. Co. C of the 1st 188th was also ordered by Colonel Soule to follow and clear Japanese from the area to the north of the beach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0009-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Luzon\nThe landing was very dangerous. The seas were too calm, and the artillery supporting the 188th could not get ashore to suppress Japanese firepower. When the 2 Battalions of the 188th were organized on the shore, Colonel Soule then ordered them to push to an area, Tagaytay Ridge, to stop the enemy from setting up defensive positions against the 511th troopers who would be dropped there. As this occurred, the 187th relieved the 188th of the operations and defense of Nasugbu. General Eichelberger of the 8th Army had the 11th attached to his command. He bluffed the enemy into thinking a large force was moving up Highway 17 across Tagaytay Ridge heading for Manila. He ordered the men to move as fast as possible and make as much dust as possible. They were to fire as many weapons and artillery as possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 875]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0010-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Luzon\nThe 188th spearheaded the push to Manila. They moved so fast under Colonel Soule that the Japanese were taken by surprise at the Palico River Bridge, and it was captured. Later on Highway 17 they ran into the best Japanese combat troops since their landing. With the 1st of the 187th and the 188th they launched another major attack against Japanese defenses on Mount Aiming near Tagaytay Ridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0011-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Luzon\nThe attack began the morning of 1 February 1945. A Co. of the 188th withstood 4 hours of continuous counterattacks, and one Banzai attack. It continued to the morning of 3 February 1945 when the 188th and the 1st of the 187th launched an attack against the 3rd and final enemy position. The Japanese responded with heavy artillery and machine gun fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0012-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Luzon\nThe 188th and 1st of the 187th were pinned down along with several high-ranking officers. Two battalions of Japanese artillery were pounding the area of Tagaytay Ridge. In the final assault the 188th and the 1st of the 187th used flamethrowers and grenades to overtake an area of the ridge that was later renamed \"Shorty Ridge\". As a result, the 11th that landed amphibiously (187th & 188th) were ready to make contact with the 511th paratroopers who on 3 February 1945 were landing to the east on Tagaytay Ridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0013-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Luzon\nAfter the 188th made contact with the 511th, they continued to clear enemy from the ridges and slopes south of the ridge, as well as from the caves and tunnels on \"Shorty Ridge\". It was then discovered that the ridge was honeycombed with enormous supply tunnels, reinforced concrete caves, as well as strong guns and individual firing positions. Then next day, 4 February 1945, a wounded Colonel Soule (recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross) would continue to lead the rest of the 188th, less one company to keep the ridge secure, on foot towards Manila.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0014-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Manila\nBefore its liberation the city of Manila and its people would suffer horrific destruction of its buildings and people. By the fall of 1944 there were 800,000 people in Manila. The Japanese had already destroyed large parts of the city and converted houses into machine gun nests. As the Americans advanced, Filipinos tried to flee the city. The Japanese retaliated with torture and other atrocities that they had used against civilians before. Nursing women were bayoneted in their breasts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0014-0001", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Manila\nPeople\u2019s tendons in the back of their necks were severed with sabers, so that a person could no longer hold their head up. Small children and babies were also bayoneted. Soon the 11th would face their own horrors and suffer heavy losses against the Japanese fortified Genko Line outside Manila. 12,500 Japanese were guarding Manila in an entrenched protected fortified area south of Manila, including Nichols Field and Fort William McKinley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0015-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Manila\nBy 6 February 1945 the 511th had stormed into the southern suburbs of Manila. On 7 February 1945, the 188th attacked the area around Nichols Field, while the 511th fought house to house and in the streets. On 10 February 1945, the 1st of the 188th was pinned down by heavy machine fire until a Major Loeper led them in an attack on enemy positions. He died in action, and was later award the Distinguished Service Cross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0016-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Manila\nNevertheless, by 11 February 1945, the Japanese firepower at Nichols Field remained unchanged. For this reason a full-scale attack was launched by the 187th and the 188th. The fighting was to the death with hand-to-hand combat using bayonets and knives. By nightfall, the 187th and 188th had cleared most of the field of enemy combatants. The next objective was Fort Mc Kinley itself. By 17 February 1945 the attack on the fort had begun. The plan called for the 188th, the 2nd of the 187th and the 511th to pivot and strike the Fort. They were to meet at the Caribon Gate of Fort McKinley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0017-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Manila\nBy the next day the 1st of the 188th was within the fort, and joined by the 511th. The rest of the enemy retreated to the east. All organized resistance in Manila would not cease until the beginning of March. By then the 11th had control of the city and achieved their first of 2 goals given to them by Mac Arthur. The next task was the freeing of civilian POWS at the Los Ba\u00f1os Camp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0018-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Raid at Los Ba\u00f1os\nSince the beginning of the Philippines campaign, it was a priority of General MacArthur that both civilians and soldiers held in Japanese camps be rescued as soon as possible. He feared retribution on them, as the Japanese suffered defeats. The Los Ba\u00f1os Camp held more than 2,000 civilians of all ages, and nationalities who were captured during the Japanese invasion. The rescue would involve sending the 11th, 40 miles (64\u00a0km) behind Japanese lines. Also, a 90-minute march away from the camp were 9,000 battle hardened soldiers of the Japanese 19th Division, known as the \"Tiger Division\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0019-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Raid at Los Ba\u00f1os\nIn order to have a plan, Sgt. John Fulton of the 511th Signal Co. volunteered to join Filipino guerrillas in the area. For a few weeks he lived with them and transmitted information back to the 11th. He had also made contact with some young men who were sneaking out at night from the camp to search for food. In this way a rescue plan was designed to overtake the guards by surprise. Its success was dependent on knowing the camp routine, especially that of the guards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0020-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Raid at Los Ba\u00f1os\nThe plan would involve the 672nd Amphibious Tractor Battalion, the 1st of the 511th and the 188th under Colonel Soule. Co. B of the 511th would lead a parachute attack on the camp. C. Co. of the 511th would jump and eliminate a small Japanese force nearby and set up a roadblock near the town of Los Ba\u00f1os. A Co. of the 511th would jump and also set up another roadblock to intercept the enemy. All the men were greatly outnumbered should this attack and rescue go wrong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0021-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Raid at Los Ba\u00f1os\nAgain under the command of General Joe Swing, the attack began on 23 February 1945 at 7:00\u00a0a.m. The time was chosen because advance information had placed the guards at that time away from their weapons, doing calisthenics. The 511th easily overtook them. Several hours later the entire population had been moved and transported amphibiously across a large body of water to a safe area While the attack on the camp was occurring, the 188th had attacked Japanese positioned near the camp at the San Juan River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0021-0001", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Raid at Los Ba\u00f1os\nBy midmorning they had cleared the area of the enemy and marched towards Los Ba\u00f1os to provide more fighting power for the rescue. When Colonel Soule saw the Amtracs filled with the internees on Laguna de Bay moving to a safe location, Mamated, he gave new orders. He ordered a bridgehead near the San Juan River, and blocked the road from Santo Tomas, where the Tiger Marines were positioned. The 188th placed themselves directly in their path to Los Ba\u00f1os, should they be alerted. Fortunately, this did not occur. It would have been a death sentence for every man. The 188th was credited with the success of the raid and the protection of the 511th and others transporting the internees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 764]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0022-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Raid at Los Ba\u00f1os\nBesides Los Ba\u00f1os the 1st of the 188th, was ordered to clear the southern sector of Luzon of any enemy. They attacked in an area known as Ternate and the Pico de Loro Hills on the southern shore of Manila Bay. This action took one month. The Japanese were again using a cave defense system. The artillery and mortars couldn't hit their targets because of the terrain, and razor sharp thickets hid the caves. It required man-to-man combat. After this sector was captured by the 188th, they found 40 Japanese suicide Q boats used to ram American ships. The 1st lost 40 men and 103 wounded in action in one month. In April they were again engaged in another attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0023-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Raid at Los Ba\u00f1os\nThe entire division committed 105 days of combat from the landing at Nasugbu to the end of the Southern Luzon campaign with a battle at Malepungo. The last operation was Operation Aparri on 23 June 1945. 7 gliders were used, to drop troops, for the first time in the Pacific Theater. This was the end of the Luzon Campaign. The next destination would be the invasion of Japan. The 11th was poised to be among the first to lead the invasion. To that end the 11th was retrained, reorganized and sent on R&R to Australia. The 188th and the 674th became parachute units 20 July 1945 (glider regiments had been increased to 3 battalions).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0024-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), The Philippines, Raid at Los Ba\u00f1os\nThen the decision to use the atomic bomb on Japan changed the course of history. It was estimated that the U.S. would lose approximately one million men in an invasion, because of fanatical resistance by the population as well as the homeland troops. After 2 Atomic bombs were dropped, Japan was forced to an unconditional surrender.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028714-0025-0000", "contents": "188th Infantry Regiment (United States), Occupation, Japan\nThe 11th was selected by General Mac Arthur to lead the Allied Forces in occupying Japan. On 30 August 1945, the 188th were the first to land on Japanese soil at the Atsugi Airdrome with 1096 men. The 187th quickly followed with 1257 men and the 511th with 1165 men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0000-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nThe 188th Division (Chinese: \u7b2c188\u5e08) was created in January 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 8th Brigade, 3rd Column of the Jinchaji Military Region. Its history can be traced to the Hebei Guerrilla Army, formed in December 1937.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0001-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nThe division was part of 63rd Corps. Under the flag of 188th division it took part in several major battles in the Chinese Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0002-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn February 1951 the division entered Korea with the Corps HQ as a part of People's Volunteer Army. During its deployment in Korea it took part in the Fifth Phase Offensive and the Battle of Cheorwon, during which the division suffered heavy casualties but halted the UN offensive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0003-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn January 1953 393rd Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment was formed and attached to the division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0004-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn October 1953 the division returned from Korea and stationed at Handan, Hebei, becoming the 188th Infantry Division (Chinese: \u6b65\u5175\u7b2c188\u5e08) of the National Defense Force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0005-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn 1960 the division was renamed as the 188th Army Division (Chinese: \u9646\u519b\u7b2c188\u5e08). By then the division was composed of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0006-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn 1962 the division was designated as a \"Northern\" unit, Catalogue A in War-time Structure, making it a \"big\" division of 12457 personnel. the division was shortly moved to Fujian province for an emergency alert deployment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0007-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn May 1966 the division moved to Huolu, Hebei after 189th Army Division's transfer to Beijing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0008-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn December 1966, following the outbreak of the Cultural Revolution, the division moved to Beijing and stationed in Xicheng district for security mission. In December the division returned to its barracks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0009-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nFrom January 27, 1868 to March 9, 1969, Anti- Aircraft Artillery Battalion of 188th Army Division, reinforced by Anti- Aircraft Artillery Battery of 3rd Tank Regiment, 1st Tank Division and attaching to 9th Anti- Aircraft Artillery Division of the Air Force, entered North Vietnam for anti-aircraft missions in Lang Son area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0010-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nOn September 6, 1968, 393rd Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment was detached from the division and transferred to newly formed 6th Tank Division and became 23rd Tank Regiment in December 1969.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0011-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nThe division was not affected during the December 1969 army re-designation, except for its 568th Artillery Regiment was renamed as Artillery Regiment, 188th Army Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0012-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nOn February 22, 1970, the division moved to Baotou for defense purpose. Shortly after the division returned to its barracks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0013-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nFrom January 14, 1976 to November 1982, the division maintained as a northern unit, catalogue A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0014-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nFrom November 1982 to 1985, the division maintained as a catalogue A division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0015-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn 1985, the division was renamed as the 188th Infantry Division (Chinese: \u6b65\u5175\u7b2c188\u5e08) and reorganized as a northern motorized infantry division, catalogue A. The division was then composed of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0016-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nThe division took part in the enforced martial law and the crack down on protests in Beijing, June 1989.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0017-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn 1998 the division was reorganized: 564th Motorized Infantry Regiment was disbanded, and Tank Regiment, 188th Infantry Division was renamed as Armored Regiment, 188th Infantry Division. The division was then composed of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0018-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn 2003 the division was reduced as the 188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (Chinese: \u673a\u68b0\u5316\u6b65\u5175\u7b2c188\u65c5) and transferred to the 27th Group Army following 63rd's disbandment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028715-0019-0000", "contents": "188th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn 2017 the brigade was renamed as the 188th Heavy Combined Arms Brigade (Chinese: \u91cd\u578b\u5408\u6210\u7b2c188\u65c5) and transferred to the 82nd Group Army following 27th's disbandment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028716-0000-0000", "contents": "188th New York Infantry Regiment\nThe 188th New York Infantry Regiment was an American Civil War infantry regiment from New York that served from October 1864 through July 1865 in the Union Army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028716-0001-0000", "contents": "188th New York Infantry Regiment\nColonel James R. Chamberlain, succeeded by Col. John McMahon, received authority, September 14, 1864, to recruit this regiment, with headquarters at Rochester, where it was organized and mustered in the service of the United States for one year, October 4, 5, 7, 10 and 22, 1864; except Company A, originally Company C, 183d Infantry, which was mustered in at Elmira September 24, 1864.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028716-0002-0000", "contents": "188th New York Infantry Regiment, Formation\nThe regiment was formed in upstate New York, drawing men from Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, and Steuben counties for one year of service. Company A of the 188th New York was mustered in at Elmira, Chemung County, New York, on September 24, 1864. Company A was originally Company C of the 183rd New York Infantry. Companies B through J were mustered into federal service on October 4, 1864, at Rochester, Monroe County, New York. Company K did not join the regiment until November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028716-0003-0000", "contents": "188th New York Infantry Regiment, Formation\nThe companies were recruited principally: A at Villenova, Allegany, Madison, Yorkshire, Freedom and Mansfield; B at Rochester, Avon, Phelps, Victor, Italy, Penn Yan, Naples and Geneseo; C at Italy, Jerusalem, Rochester, Milo, Avon, Middlesex and Springtwater; D at Springwater, York, Sparta, Avon, Potter, Portage, North Dansville, Geneseo, Leicester and Mt. Morris; E at Livonia, Potter, Portage, Richmond, Avon, Farmington, Jerusalem, Springwater, Seneca, York and Leicester; F at Rochester, Corning, Canandaigua, Hornby and Tuscarora; G at Springwater, Avon, Gorham, Mt. Morris, Canandaigua, Sparta, Middlesex, Leicester, Italy and Barrington; H at Rochester, Sparta, Avon, Dansville and Springwater; I at Avon, Nunda, Rochester, Dansville, Livonia, Groveland, Conesus, Mt. Morris, Phelps and York; and K at Rochester, North Dansville, Conesus, Groveland, Torry, Milo, Avon and Middlesex.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 935]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028716-0004-0000", "contents": "188th New York Infantry Regiment, Federal service\nThe 188th New York left the state to join the Army of the Potomac on October 13, 1864. Initially, only seven companies left the state but company K followed in November. The army was before Petersburg, Virginia, at that time. The regiment was placed in 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps then under Major General Gouverneur Warren. The 188th New York remained in this assignment for its entire federal service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028716-0005-0000", "contents": "188th New York Infantry Regiment, Federal service\nOn October 27, less than a month after first muster, the regiment went into battle at Hatcher's Run near the Weldon Railroad. The regiment suffered 7 dead and between 39 and 46 wounded (depending on reports).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028716-0006-0000", "contents": "188th New York Infantry Regiment, Federal service\nOn December 8, 1864, the regiment participated on a raid to Hicksford, Virginia, where two soldiers were taken prisoner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028716-0007-0000", "contents": "188th New York Infantry Regiment, Federal service\nFebruary 6 and 7, 1865 saw the regiment at Hatcher's Run again. During this battle the regiment suffered 5 dead, 21 wounded, and 3 missing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028716-0008-0000", "contents": "188th New York Infantry Regiment, Federal service\nThe Appomattox campaign saw the regiment fight with its corps at White Oak ridge, Gravelly Run and Five Forks, when its casualties aggregated 45 killed and wounded. The 188th New York also participated in the final assault on Petersburg and was present at Appomattox Station on April 9 when General Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia. According to the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, it reported that the 188th was the regiment that \"busted up the confederacy.\" They were given the honor of posting guard duty around the court house while Lee surrendered the confederacy to Grant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028716-0009-0000", "contents": "188th New York Infantry Regiment, Deactivation\nThe regiment was mustered out of federal service on July 1, 1865, at Washington, D.C., with less than the planned one year of service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028717-0000-0000", "contents": "188th New York State Legislature\nThe 188th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 4, 1989, to December 31, 1990, during the seventh and eighth years of Mario Cuomo's governorship, in Albany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028717-0001-0000", "contents": "188th New York State Legislature, Background\nUnder the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1938 and the U.S. Supreme Court decision to follow the One man, one vote rule, re-apportioned in 1982 by the Legislature, 61 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts for two-year terms. Senate and Assembly districts consisted of approximately the same number of inhabitants, the area being apportioned contiguously without restrictions regarding county boundaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028717-0002-0000", "contents": "188th New York State Legislature, Background\nAt this time there were two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The Liberal Party, the Conservative Party, the Right to Life Party, an \"Independent Progressive Party\", the Workers World Party, the Libertarian Party, and the Socialist Workers Party also nominated tickets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028717-0003-0000", "contents": "188th New York State Legislature, Elections\nThe New York state election, 1988, was held on November 8. The only statewide elective office up for election was a U.S. Senator from New York. Democrat Daniel Patrick Moynihan was re-elected with Liberal endorsement. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for U.S. Senator, was: Democrats/Liberals 4,049,000; Republicans/Conservatives 1,876,000; Right to Life 65,000; Independent Progressives 15,000; Workers World 13,500; Libertarians 12,000; and Socialist Workers 11,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028717-0004-0000", "contents": "188th New York State Legislature, Elections\nAll sitting 22 women members of the legislature\u2014State Senators Mary B. Goodhue (Rep.), a lawyer of Mount Kisco; Nancy Larraine Hoffmann (Dem. ), of Syracuse; Olga A. M\u00e9ndez (Dem. ), of East Harlem; Velmanette Montgomery (Dem. ), of Brooklyn; and Suzi Oppenheimer (Dem. ), of Mamaroneck; and Assemblywomen Barbara M. Clark (Dem. ), of Queens; Elizabeth Connelly (Dem. ), of Staten Island; Pinny Cooke (Rep.), of Rochester; Geraldine L. Daniels (Dem. ), of the Bronx; Gloria Davis (Dem. ), of the Bronx; Eileen C. Dugan (Dem. ), of Brooklyn; Aurelia Greene (Dem. ), of the Bronx; Earlene Hill Hooper (Dem. ), of Hempstead; Rhoda S. Jacobs (Dem. ), of Brooklyn; Cynthia Jenkins (Dem. ), a librarian of Queens; Helen M. Marshall (Dem. ), a teacher and librarian of Queens; Nettie Mayersohn (Dem. ), of Queens; Patricia McGee (Rep.), of Franklinville; Mary M. McPhillips (Dem. ), of Middletown; Catherine Nolan (Dem. ), of Queens; Audrey Pheffer (Dem. ), of Queens; and Helene Weinstein (Dem. ), a lawyer of Brooklyn\u2014were re-elected. Ada L. Smith (Dem. ), of Queens, was also elected to the State Senate. Cecile D. Singer (Rep.), of Yonkers, was also elected to the Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 1214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028717-0005-0000", "contents": "188th New York State Legislature, Elections\nThe New York state election, 1989, was held on November 7. Two vacancies in the State Senate were filled. Assemblywoman Mary M. McPhillips was elected as County Executive of Orange County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028717-0006-0000", "contents": "188th New York State Legislature, Sessions\nThe Legislature met for the first regular session (the 212th) at the State Capitol in Albany on January 4, 1989; and recessed indefinitely on July 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028717-0007-0000", "contents": "188th New York State Legislature, Sessions\nRalph J. Marino (Rep.) was elected Temporary President of the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028717-0008-0000", "contents": "188th New York State Legislature, Sessions\nThe Legislature met for the second regular session (the 213th) at the State Capitol in Albany on January 3, 1990; and recessed indefinitely on July 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028717-0009-0000", "contents": "188th New York State Legislature, Sessions\nThe legislature met again from December 3 to 14, 1990. This session was called to consider state budget cuts, an increase in CUNY's tuition rates, and an anti-crime plan proposed by Mayor of New York City David Dinkins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028717-0010-0000", "contents": "188th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators\nThe asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. John B. Sheffer II changed from the Assembly to the Senate at the beginning of the session. Assemblyman Kemp Hannon was elected to fill a vacancy in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028717-0011-0000", "contents": "188th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators\nNote: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words \"...the Committee on (the)...\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028717-0012-0000", "contents": "188th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen\nThe asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028717-0013-0000", "contents": "188th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen\nNote: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words \"...the Committee on (the)...\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028718-0000-0000", "contents": "188th Ohio Infantry Regiment\nThe 188th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 188th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 188th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028718-0001-0000", "contents": "188th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe 188th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio, and mustered in for one year service on March 4, 1865, under the command of Colonel Jacob E. Taylor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028718-0002-0000", "contents": "188th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe regiment left Ohio for Nashville, Tennessee, March 4. It was attached to 1st Brigade, Defenses Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, Department of the Cumberland, to April 1865. 1st Brigade, 1st Sub-District, District of Middle Tennessee, to September 1865. Performed provost duty at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, until May 1865. At Tullahoma, Tennessee, until July, and at Nashville, Tennessee, until September 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028718-0003-0000", "contents": "188th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe 188th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service September 21, 1865, at Nashville, Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028718-0004-0000", "contents": "188th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties\nThe regiment lost a total of 45 enlisted men during service, all due to disease.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0000-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron\nThe 188th Rescue Squadron is unit of the New Mexico Air National Guard. It is assigned to the 150th Special Operations Wing located at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0001-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, World War II\nThe squadron was first organized at Key Field, Mississippi in February 1943 as the 621st Bombardment Squadron, one of the four original squadrons of the 404th Bombardment Group. The squadron was initially equipped with a mix of Douglas A-24 Banshees and Bell P-39 Airacobras. In July 1943, the squadron moved to Congaree Army Air Field, South Carolina, where it was redesignated the 507th Fighter-Bomber Squadron The following month. In early 1944, the squadron converted to Republic P-47 Thunderbolts. Completing its training for combat in March, it deployed to the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 44], "content_span": [45, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0002-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, World War II\nThe squadron arrived at its first overseas station, RAF Winkton, England in early April. It became operational on 1 May and began bombing and strafing targets in France to help prepare for Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy. At the end of the month, it dropped the \"Bomber\" from its name and became the 507th Fighter Squadron, but retained the air support mission. The squadron provided top cover for the landings on D-Day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 44], "content_span": [45, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0002-0001", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, World War II\nA month later, on 6 July, the squadron moved to Chippelle Airfield in France, from which it provided air support for Operation Cobra, the Allied breakout at Saint-L\u00f4, later that month. Despite suffering heavy losses from flak, the squadron helped cover four armored divisions dunging the breakout. This support earned the squadron the French Croix de Guerre with Palm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 44], "content_span": [45, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0003-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, World War II\nThe squadron supported the Allied advance across the Netherlands, operating from bases in France and from Sint-Truiden Airfield, Belgium. Its actions in this area, resulted in the squadron being cited in the order of the day of the Belgian Army and the award of the Belgian Fourrag\u00e8re for its contributions to the liberation of the Belgian people. On 10 September, the squadron participated in three armed reconnaissance missions. On these missions, despite adverse weather and heavy antiaircraft fire, the squadron attacked lines of communications, factories and rail targets as ground forces advanced. These missions earned the squadron the Distinguished Unit Citation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 44], "content_span": [45, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0004-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, World War II\nDuring December 1944 and January 1945, attacked German positions during the Battle of the Bulge. Later it supported Operation Lumberjack and the establishment of a bridgehead on the west bank of the Rhine in March 1945. The squadron also flew air interdiction missions, strafing and bombing troop concentrations, railroads, highways, bridges, ammunition and fuel dumps, armored vehicles, docks, and tunnels. It covered bombing missions by Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses, Consolidated B-24 Liberators, and Martin B-26 Marauders. On 4 May, the squadron flew armed reconnaissance missions that would prove to be its last combat missions of the war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 44], "content_span": [45, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0005-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, World War II\nThe squadron briefly served with occupation forces in Germany before returning to the United States in August 1945. It reassembled at Drew Field, Florida on 11 September, but was inactivated on 9 November 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 44], "content_span": [45, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0006-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard\n507th Fighter Squadron was redesignated the 188th Fighter Squadron on 24 May 1946, and allotted to the National Guard. It was organized at Kirtland Field, New Mexico and was extended federal recognition on 7 July 1947. The squadron was equipped with North American F-51D Mustangs and a few Douglas A-26 Invaders, The 188th's post-war mission was the air defense of New Mexico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 61], "content_span": [62, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0007-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Korean War federalization\nOn 10 February 1951, the 188th was federalized and brought to active duty for the Korean War. A total of 54 officers and 400 airmen moved to Long Beach Municipal Airport, California, as part of the 1st Fighter-Interceptor Wing. It was redesignated the 188th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, with a mission of air defense of Southern California. Most unit members were transferred to active-duty Air Force units and deployed to Japan and South Korea. First Lieutenants Robert Lucas and Joseph Murray were killed while flying close air support missions in Korea. Captain Francis Williams and First Lieutenant Robert Sands were each credited with three MiG-15 kills. The squadron was kept up to strength with regulars, reservists and other guardsmen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 88], "content_span": [89, 833]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0008-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Korean War federalization\nThe squadron began to re-equip with North American F-86E Sabres in October 1951, but reverted to Mustangs two months later. Air Defense Command, however, was having difficulty adapting the wing base organization to the dispersed squadrons required for the air defense mission. In February 1952, it inactivated its fighter wings, including the 1st Wing, and replaced them with regional organizations. The squadron was assigned to the 4705th Defense Wing, which acted as a temporary headquarters for former 1st Wing operational squadrons. In March, the squadron was assigned to the 27th Air Division. The unit was released from active duty in November 1952, transferring its personnel and Mustangs to the regular 354th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, which was simultaneously activated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 88], "content_span": [89, 871]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0009-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Cold War\nAfter the Korean War ended, the 188th was redesignated the 188th Fighter-Bomber Squadron and equipped with Lockheed F-80C Shooting Star jet aircraft. In July 1955, it once again became the 188th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron and augmented Air Defense Command, being gained by Western Air Defense Force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 71], "content_span": [72, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0010-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Cold War\nOn 1 July 1957, the 188th was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 150th Fighter Group was established. The 188th becoming the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the group headquarters, 150th Material Squadron (Maintenance), 150th Air Base Squadron, and the 150th USAF Dispensary. Also, the 188th assumed 24-hour air defense alert status at Kirtland. In April 1958, the first Air National Guard unit to receive the North American F-100A Super Sabre was the 188th, which received these planes in April 1958. This conversion raised group strength to 956 officers and airmen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 71], "content_span": [72, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0011-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Cold War\nIn April 1961, an aircraft malfunction caused an AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missile to launch and shoot down a Boeing B-52B Stratofortress bomber near Grants, New Mexico. The B-52B, from the 95th Bombardment Wing took off from Biggs Air Force Base, Texas on a training mission. During an intercept by two New Mexico ANG F-100As, an AIM-9B launched and impacted one of the engine pods on the bomber's left wing, taking the B-52's left wing off in the subsequent explosion. Three B-52 crewmembers died; the F-100 pilot was absolved of any blame. In the fall of 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis put the 188th on an alert status that lasted for 90 days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 71], "content_span": [72, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0012-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Cold War\nIn 1964, the F-100As were retired and the 188th received newer F-100C and twin-seat F-100F Super Sabre trainers, and became the 188th Tactical Fighter Squadron, gained by Tactical Air Command. In January 1968, the group was activated as a result of the Pueblo Crisis, and in June of that year the 188th Tactical Fighter Squadron and approximately 250 maintenance and support personnel were deployed to Tuy Hoa Air Base, Republic of Vietnam. Remaining group members were assigned to various bases in South Korea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 71], "content_span": [72, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0012-0001", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Cold War\nThe unit flew over 6000 combat sorties in the F-100C Super Sabre and amassed over 630 medals and decorations before release from federal active duty in June 1969. Captain Michael Adams was killed in action and Major Bobby Neeld and First Lieutenant Mitchell Lane remain listed as missing in action. The unit received the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat \"V' Device. After its Vietnam War deployment, the 188th was relieved from active duty and returned to New Mexico State Control on 4 June 1969.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 71], "content_span": [72, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0013-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Cold War\nIn 1973, after the United States withdrew its forces from South Vietnam, the 188th became the first Air National Guard squadron to receive LTV A-7D Corsair II subsonic tactical close air support aircraft from Tactical Air Command units that were preparing to receive the new Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II. Receiving its aircraft from the 354th Tactical Fighter Wing at Myrtle Beach Air Force Base and the 355th Tactical Fighter Wing at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona. The aircraft had excellent accuracy with the aid of an automatic electronic navigation and weapons delivery system. Although designed primarily as a ground attack aircraft, it also had limited air-to-air combat capability.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 71], "content_span": [72, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0014-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Cold War\nIn 1977, the unit participated in the \"Coronet Ante\" exercise, which was part of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization \"Coldfire\" exercise in Europe. The 150th TFG deployed nine A-7Ds to Gilze Rijen Air Base, The Netherlands, from 2 September through 27 September 1977. Close air support missions were flown over The Netherlands, France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, and the North Sea. In 1980, the 188th received the new twin-seat A-7K trainer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 71], "content_span": [72, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0015-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Cold War\nIn 1980, the 150th Tactical Fighter Group was first guard unit to be assigned to the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force; the first to participate in Bright Star joint service exercises in Southwest Asia; the to receive the Low Altitude Night Attack modification to the A-7D; the first to participate in a deployed bare base operational readiness inspection, and the first to have a crew chief as a member of the Air Force Thunderbirds. Additionally, the unit set an A-7D and first endurance record of 11 1/2 hours non-stop from Pease Air Force Base, New Hampshire to Cairo West Air Base, Egypt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 71], "content_span": [72, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0016-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Cold War\nThe unit was partially activated in support of Operation Desert Storm, although no A-7D aircraft were sent to Southwest Asia. On 11 December 1990, 44 members of the 150th Security Police Flight and other unit members were deployed to Saudi Arabia. All members returned home by May 1991.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 71], "content_span": [72, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0017-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Post Cold War operations\nEarly in the 1990s with the end of the Cold War and the continued decline in military budgets, the Air Force restructured to meet changes in strategic requirements, decreasing personnel, and a smaller infrastructure. The 150th Group adopted the new USAF Objective Wing Organization in early 1992, with the word \"tactical\" being eliminated from its designation and the squadron became the 188th Fighter Squadron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 87], "content_span": [88, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0018-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Post Cold War operations\nThe 188th flew A-7D's for twenty years before converting to the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon. On 11 May 1992 the 188th received its first Block 40 F-16C and their last A-7D left on 28 September 1992, being retired to Davis-Monthan AFB Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center storage. With this event the A-7D was almost phased out completely as the 188th was one of the last Air National Guard units to fly the venerable aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 87], "content_span": [88, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0019-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Post Cold War operations\nHowever, instead of converting to older F-16A/B models, the squadron received relatively new blo+ck 40 aircraft. This type had the Low Altitude Night Targeting Infra Red Navigational system (LANTIRN) on board for advanced navigation and targeting by day and night. Again, the 188th was the first within the Air National Guard to have this capacity. On 1 October 150th expanded to become a Wing, and the 188th Fighter Squadron became part of the new 150th Operations Group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 87], "content_span": [88, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0020-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, 150th Defense System Evaluation Flight\nAn out of the ordinary organizational setup was also at hand in the 188th. Within the squadron was another flight \u2013 being the 150th Defense Systems Evaluation Flight \u2013 which flew F-16C block 30 aircraft. It typically had about five on hand. Even during the time frame when the 188th was flying block 40s the flight had F-16 block 30s. The flight provided fighter aircraft support to the US Army Air Defense Center and White Sands Missile Range.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 101], "content_span": [102, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0021-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, 150th Defense System Evaluation Flight\nTypically testing for the army and various navies around the world. With the USAF, the flight was selected to do all the flight tests for the F/A-22 Raptor before they leave the Marietta factory in Georgia. Tests usually involved avionics, radar systems and more. The squadron would deploy two F-16s to the Marietta factory adjacent to Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Atlanta, Georgia for a six-week period for each test. But for the most part any other tests were done over the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. The flight was discontinued in 2007 with many jets departing during the year prior.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 101], "content_span": [102, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0022-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Expeditionary Force deployments\nIn mid-1996, the Air Force, in response to budget cuts, and changing world situations, began experimenting with air expeditionary organizations. The Air Expeditionary Force concept was developed that would mix active duty, reserve and Air National Guard elements into a combined force. Instead of entire permanent units deploying as \"provisional\" as in the 1991 Gulf War, Expeditionary units are composed of \"aviation packages\" from several wings, including active-duty Air Force, the Air Force Reserve Command and the Air National Guard, would be married together to carry out the assigned deployment rotation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 94], "content_span": [95, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0023-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Expeditionary Force deployments\nIn April 1998, the squadron was the major force provider for the 188th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron, deploying 6 F-16s and support personnel to Ahmad al-Jaber Air Base, Kuwait in support of Operation Southern Watch. Operation Southern Watch was an operation which was responsible for enforcing the United Nations mandated no-fly zone below the 32nd parallel in Iraq. This mission was initiated mainly to cover for attacks of Iraqi forces on the Iraqi Shi\u2019ite Muslims. The expeditionary squadron was inactivated in July 1998.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 94], "content_span": [95, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0024-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Expeditionary Force deployments\nAnother 188th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron was activated in March 2001, deploying to Incirlik Air Base, Turkey in support of Operation Northern Watch. Operation Northern Watch was a US European Command Combined Task Force which was responsible for enforcing the United Nations mandated no-fly zone above the 36th parallel in Iraq. This mission was a successor to Operation Provide Comfort which also entailed support for the Iraqi Kurds. The deployed personnel and aircraft returned in June 2001 and the 188th EFS was again inactivated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 94], "content_span": [95, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0025-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Global War on Terrorism\nAfter the attacks of 11 September 2001, the squadron supported several deployments in support of Operation Noble Eagle to Atlantic City Air National Guard Base, New Jersey and March Air Reserve Base, California. Within hours of the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, squadron pilots flew combat air patrol sorties over key resources in the western United States, and continued to do so for many months. Expeditionary squadrons have also been activated, deploying worldwide in the F-16 to Singapore, Australia, Chile, and South Korea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 86], "content_span": [87, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0025-0001", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Global War on Terrorism\nIn May 2004, the 188th deployed its F-16s to Balad Air Base, Iraq, becoming the first U. S. fighter squadron to be stationed at the base. In October 2007, the unit returned to Balad as part of a rainbow deployment Air Expeditionary Force 9/10 (Cycle 6) which included the 119th, 120th, 134th, 163rd, 186th and 188th squadrons. The deployment cycle started in September and the 188th sent six aircraft with two spares that returned stateside immediately.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 86], "content_span": [87, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0026-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Special operations\nAlthough rated a number one facility in the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure plan, the USAF decided to close down 188th and convert Kirtland from a fighter to a special operations base as part of the reduction of the USAF fighter fleet by 250 aircraft. It was hoped that some of the money saved would allow the USAF to purchase new aircraft, such as the F-35A Lightning II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 81], "content_span": [82, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0026-0001", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, History, New Mexico Air National Guard, Special operations\nIn 2009, the 21 F-16C/D aircraft of the New Mexico ANG were reassigned to other Air National Guard units in the District of Columbia Air National Guard and the Vermont Air National Guard as part of the \"Fiscal Year 2010 Combat Air Force Restructure\". The last two F-16s left Kirtland in September 2010. The 150th was to become an associate wing of Kirtland's 58th Special Operations Wing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 81], "content_span": [82, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028719-0027-0000", "contents": "188th Rescue Squadron, References, Bibliography\nThis article incorporates\u00a0public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028720-0000-0000", "contents": "188th Reserve Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)\nGerman Division Nr. 188 was raised in late 1939. It consisted of the 136th, 138th and 139th Mountain Replacement Regiments and the 112th Artillery Replacement Regiment, plus supporting units. It began the war on border guard duty in the mountainous region between Austria and Yugoslavia with the primary mission of training reservists and replacements for the regular mountain divisions. In the spring of 1941 it joined the invasion of Yugoslavia, with the three mountain regiments given responsibility of seizing control of Carniola and Carinthia on the Yugoslav side of the border, which they carried out quickly and effectively against little to no resistance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028720-0001-0000", "contents": "188th Reserve Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)\nAfter the campaign, the division remained in reserve at Innsbruck. On 8 October 1943 it was redesignated as the 188th Reserve Mountain Division and reorganized with Reserve Mountain Regiments 136, 137, 138, and 139, each with two battalions, and Reserve Artillery Regiment 112, also with two battalions, and transferred to northern Italy. On 27 February 1944 it was transferred to Istria to conduct security warfare (Bandenbek\u00e4mpfung). A few days later it was again redesignated as the 188th Mountain Division and its regiments were redesignated as Mountain Regiments 901, 902, 903, 904 and Mountain Artillery Regiment 1088. It surrendered in Istria when the war ended in 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028721-0000-0000", "contents": "188th Wing\nThe 188th Wing is a unit of the Arkansas Air National Guard, stationed at Ebbing Air National Guard Base, Fort Smith, Arkansas. The 188th is equipped with the MQ-9 Reaper. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Combat Command.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [10, 10], "content_span": [11, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028721-0001-0000", "contents": "188th Wing, Overview\nThe 188th Wing is a Remotely Piloted Aircraft (MQ-9 Reaper), Space Focused Targeting, and Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Unit based in Fort Smith, Ark. The men and women of the 188th are able to rapidly deploy and support ground forces all over the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 20], "content_span": [21, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028721-0002-0000", "contents": "188th Wing, Units\nThe 188th Wing consists of the following 4 groups, each of which has multiple squadrons, flights and sections assigned:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 17], "content_span": [18, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028721-0003-0000", "contents": "188th Wing, History\nOn 22 August 1962, the Arkansas Air National Guard 184th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 188th Tactical Reconnaissance Group was established by the National Guard Bureau. The 184th TRS becoming the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 188th Headquarters, 188th Material Squadron (Maintenance), 188th Combat Support Squadron, and the 188th USAF Dispensary. The 184th TRS was equipped with the RF-84F Thunderstreak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 19], "content_span": [20, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028721-0004-0000", "contents": "188th Wing, History\nIn 1970 with the winding-down of the Vietnam War, the 184th began receiving McDonnell RF-101C Voodoos, replacing the RF-84Fs the unit had been flying for over a decade. The USAF had, however, planned for the RF-101C to be gradually phased out of USAF service in favor of the McDonnell RF-4C Phantom II and the aircraft remained with the 184th TRS for only a brief period of time, and in 1970 was retired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 19], "content_span": [20, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028721-0005-0000", "contents": "188th Wing, History, Tactical Fighter\nFollowing their withdrawal from the Vietnam War, numerous USAF F-100D Super Sabres were turned over to the Air National Guard. Tactical Air Command realigned the 188th into a Tactical Fighter Group in 1972, and equipping the unit with Vietnam Veteran F-100D and twin-seat F-100F Trainers. In 1979, the Super Sabre was being retired and the 184th TFS began receiving F-4C Phantom IIs to be used in an air defense role. In 1988, as part of the retirement of the Phantom II, the squadron began receiving Block 15 F-16A Fighting Falcons. The first F-16 delivery to the squadron was on 1 July 1988 and the formal acceptance of the F-16 happened on 15 October. On 15 March 1992 the 184th dropped the Tactical name from the squadron as the parent 184th converted to the USAF Objective organization.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 37], "content_span": [38, 829]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028721-0006-0000", "contents": "188th Wing, History, Tactical Fighter\nIn early 2001 the 184th FS began to retire its F-16A/B block 15s to AMARC in exchange for F-16C block 32s. They never received any D-models. Because the squadron flew the rarely seen block 32, the squadron became a source for spare F-16s for the USAF Thunderbirds flight demonstration team. In the end the 184th FS never had to give up any of their aircraft as the Thunderbirds took needed aircraft from home based Nellis 57th Fighter Wing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 37], "content_span": [38, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028721-0007-0000", "contents": "188th Wing, History, Tactical Fighter\nDeployed to Prince Sultan AB, Saudi Arabia (24 October 2002 to December 2002) in support of Operation Southern Watch. In 2005, the 188th deployed nearly 300 Airmen and multiple F-16C Fighting Falcons to Balad Air Base, Iraq, in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028721-0008-0000", "contents": "188th Wing, History, BRAC 2005\nBRAC 2005 initially decided to inactivate the 188th Fighter Wing and close Fort Smith ANGB. With a great deal of effort by Arkansas' leaders caused the BRAC panel to change its decision on the 184th FS and give it a new mission. The squadron would still lose its F-16s but in their place would get a total of eighteen A-10 Thunderbolt II ground attack aircraft. One of the deciding factors was Fort Smiths location near Fort Chaffee, a former National Guard training post.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 30], "content_span": [31, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028721-0009-0000", "contents": "188th Wing, History, BRAC 2005\nOn 18 October 2006 the 184th FS began giving up F-16s when two departed for the 194th Fighter Squadron located at Fresno Air National Guard Base, California. By April 2007 the 184th FS had already begun to receive the A-10 from the Massachusetts ANG 104th Fighter Wing and pilots had already commenced cross training in October. On 14 April 2007 the 184th FS marked the day with a celebration 'Viper Out/Warthog In' day. The 184th FS took the opportunity to display their new A-10 paint scheme and to still fly the F-16 but the 184th FS at this point was officially an A-10 unit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 30], "content_span": [31, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028721-0010-0000", "contents": "188th Wing, History, Current status\nBetween late March and early July 2012, the Wing deployed 375 Airmen and 10 aircraft to Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. They were assigned to the 455th Air Expeditionary Wing, Bagram Airfield, near Kabul. This was the second AEF deployment for the 188th as a unit since receiving A-10 Thunderbolt II \"Warthogs\" 14 April 2007. The 188th's last AEF deployment transpired in 2010 when the unit deployed about 300 Airmen and 12 A-10Cs to the 451st Air Expeditionary Wing at Kandahar Airfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 35], "content_span": [36, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028721-0011-0000", "contents": "188th Wing, History, Current status\nThe Guardsmen remained in Afghanistan until October, flying close-air support in response to ground troops who may be in contact with the enemy, or to escort convoys in particularly hostile areas. When not supporting ground troops, A-10s patrol designated sectors and provided aerial reconnaissance on locations of interest to ground commanders. In three months, Arkansas ANG A-10s delivered more than 60,000 30mm cannon rounds and more than 250 precision munitions on enemy targets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 35], "content_span": [36, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028721-0012-0000", "contents": "188th Wing, History, Current status\nIn early 2013 the Air Force planned to realign the 188th Fighter Wing and replace its 20 A-10 aircraft, converting the 184th FS to operate the General Atomics [MQ-9 Reaper] remotely piloted aircraft (RPA). On 7 June 2014, the last A-10 aircraft departed the 188th Fighter Wing. At the same time, the 184th Fighter Squadron was re-designated the 184th Attack Squadron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 35], "content_span": [36, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028721-0013-0000", "contents": "188th Wing, History, Current status\nIn late 2014 the 188th Fire Department which supported the fighter wing operations, but also covered the regional airport, was disbanded after over two decades of full-time service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 35], "content_span": [36, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028721-0014-0000", "contents": "188th Wing, History, Current status\nOn June 3rd, 2021 Ebbing Air National Guard Base was chosen as the location to host a multi-national training site for the F-16 Falcon and F-35. The 188th Wing will become a host unit for these new aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 35], "content_span": [36, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028722-0000-0000", "contents": "189\nYear 189 (CLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Silanus and Silanus (or, less frequently, year 942 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 189 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 3], "section_span": [3, 3], "content_span": [4, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028723-0000-0000", "contents": "189 (number)\n189 (one hundred [and] eighty-nine) is the natural number following 188 and preceding 190.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028724-0000-0000", "contents": "189 AM\nThe following radio station broadcasts on AM frequency 189 kHz:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 6], "section_span": [6, 6], "content_span": [7, 70]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028725-0000-0000", "contents": "189 BC\nYear 189 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Nobilior and Vulso (or, less frequently, year 565 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 189 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 6], "section_span": [6, 6], "content_span": [7, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028726-0000-0000", "contents": "189 Phthia\nPhthia (minor planet designation: 189 Phthia) is a bright-coloured, rocky main belt asteroid that was discovered by German-American astronomer Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters on September 9, 1878 in Clinton, New York and named after Phthia, a region of Ancient Greece.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [10, 10], "content_span": [11, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028726-0001-0000", "contents": "189 Phthia\nPhotometric observations of this asteroid at the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico during 2008 gave a light curve with a period of 22.346 \u00b1 0.001 hours and a brightness variation of 0.26 \u00b1 0.02 in magnitude.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [10, 10], "content_span": [11, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028727-0000-0000", "contents": "189 km\n189 km (Russian: 189 \u043a\u043c) is a rural locality (a passing loop) in Demyanovskoye Rural Settlement of Leninsk-Kuznetsky District, Russia. The population was 25 as of 2010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 6], "section_span": [6, 6], "content_span": [7, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028727-0001-0000", "contents": "189 km, Geography\nThe passing loop is located on the Yurga-Tashtagol line, 11 km north of Leninsk-Kuznetsky (the district's administrative centre) by road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 6], "section_span": [8, 17], "content_span": [18, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028728-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\n1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1890th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 890th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 90th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  1st   year of the 1890s decade. As of the start of 1890, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028729-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 AHAC season\nThe 1890 AHAC season was the fourth season of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada. Play was in challenges. The Montreal Hockey Club would win the final challenge of the season to win the Canadian championship for the third season in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028729-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 AHAC season, League business\nThe annual meeting of the Amateur Hockey Association was held in the rooms of the MAAA in Montreal, on November 22, 1889. The main business was whether to accept Quebec or not, and whether to change the Crystals team name to the Dominions. Representatives from most of the hockey clubs were present. The election for the ensuing year resulted as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028729-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 AHAC season, Regular season\nThe season consisted of challenge games as well as numerous exhibition matches between all the teams in the AHAC. Quebec would challenge this season. The Montreal Crystals would be known as the Dominion Hockey Club of Montreal for this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028729-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 AHAC season, Regular season, Overall record\nStatistics are based on challenge games only and do not include stats regarding exhibition games", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 48], "content_span": [49, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028729-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 AHAC season, Player statistics, Goaltender averages\nNote: GP = Games played, GA = goals against, SO = Shutouts, GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 56], "content_span": [57, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028730-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on August 4, 1890, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028731-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1890 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the fourth staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. Cork were the champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028731-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Representative clubs\nFrom 1887 until 1891 the club champions represented the whole county.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 67], "content_span": [68, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028731-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, Connacht Championship\nGalway were the only entrants, so they received a bye to the All-Ireland semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 77], "content_span": [78, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028732-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1890 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was a Gaelic football match played at Clonturk Park on 26 June 1892 to determine the winners of the 1890 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the 4th season of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champions of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Cork of Munster who were represented by Midleton and Wexford of Leinster who were represented by Blue and Whites, with Cork winning by 2-4 to 0-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028732-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe All-Ireland final had originally been fixed for 17 November 1890, however, the surprise arrival of Ulster champions Armagh necessitated a semi-final which Cork won. The final was then postponed for nineteen months, only being arranged on the Monday before the refixed date. Wexford were hampered from the beginning as they were short four of their regular team. After missing a great goal chance the Wexfordmen were in arrears by 1-3 to 0-1 at the interval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028732-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe second half was a stop-start affair. 13 minutes of play were followed by an 8-minutes stoppage as one of the teams couldn't locate a substitute for an injured player. 3 more minutes of play followed before a 7-minute stoppage due to an injury to a Cork player. Shortly after Wexford scored a goal before bagging a second moments later to level the game. A proposed replay was cancelled due to a fair being held in Midleton and Cork were declared the champions on a score line of 2-4 to 0-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028732-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nCork's All-Ireland victory was their first championship title. As All-Ireland champions in hurling also, Cork became the first county to achieve the double.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028733-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1890 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the fourth staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 3 August 1890 and ended on 16 November 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028733-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nDublin were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial series. Cork won the title, after successfully launching an objection having originally been beaten by Wexford in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028733-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nA total of eleven teams contested the championship, one more than the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028733-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nThe Leinster championship was contested by five teams. Kildare made a return to the championship after a one-year absence, however, they failed to field a team and gave a walkover to their opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028733-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nAll six counties entered a team in the Munster championship, however, a number of walkovers meant that only two games were played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028733-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nOnce again, the hurling championship was not contested in either Connacht or Ulster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028734-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1890 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 3rd All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1890 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Clonturk Park, Dublin, on 16 November 1890, between Cork represented by the Aghabullogue club and Wexford represented by the Castlebridge club. The match was abandoned by the Cork team due to rough play by their opponents, with Wexford leading 2-2 to 1-6 (at the time, a goal was worth more than any number of points). Cork were later awarded the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028735-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 American Cup\nThe 1890 American Cup was the sixth edition of the soccer tournament organized by the American Football Association. The Fall River Olympics won their first title becoming the second Fall River team to do so after the Rovers had won the previous two editions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028735-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 American Cup, First round\nOlympics: GK Harwood, DF Stewart, Lee, MF Leigh, Burgess, Whittaker, FW Clarkson, Finlow, Randall, Taylor, Ingham. EastEnds: GK Marshall, DF Atley, Stanton, MF Sharrocks, Mercer, Foley, FW Tobin, Farnell, Taylor, Sunderland, Snape.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028735-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 American Cup, First round\nRovers: GK Shea, DF Bradley, Lonsdale, MF Adams, Waring, Buckley, FW Bell, Blakeley, Wilde, Duff, Connell. Pawtucket: GK Hardy, DF Harry Stewart, Love, MF Smith, Devanney, Lennox, FW Sandiland, Jeffrey, Murray, Mularkey, Graham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028735-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 American Cup, First round\nLongfellows: GK M.Gorvin, DF T.Fay, T.Masterton, MF T.Pope, T.Court, R.Neave, FW J.Green, J.McConnell, T.Brockington, C.Gorvin, J.Lennon. ONT: GK T.Hughes, DF A.Lyon, W.Walker, MF J.Polisher, C.Alsopp, G.Williams, FW C.Bradley, A.Smith, T.Henderson, W.Downs, A.Singleton, L.D.Flynn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028735-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 American Cup, Second round\nRovers: GK J.Howarth, DF H.Holden, Jack Hood, MF T.Cranor, Joe Swithemby, W.Barr, FW John Swithemby, F.Costello, A.Cutler, James Hood, J.Connolly. Longfellows: GK W.Gordon, DF T.Fay, T.Masterson, MF T.Pope, D.Campbell, R.Reaves, FW T.Green, J.Taylor, W.Paul, C.Gorvin, J.Leonard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028735-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 American Cup, Semifinals\nOlympics: GK Cornell, DF Harwood, Jack Stuart, MF Burgess, Pilling, Whittaker, FW Clarkson, Finlan, Taylor, Slater, Hingham. Pawtucket: GK J.Shea, DF Love, Harry Stuart, MF Devanney, Smith, Finn, FW Sanderlands, Jeffrey, Murray, Mullarkey, Graham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028735-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 American Cup, Semifinals\nKearny: GK Cutler, DF Holden, John Hood, MF Crans, Joe Swithemby, Howarth, FW McNabb, Jack Swithemby, Barr, Connelly, James Hood. Trenton: GK W.Bradshaw, DF Almon, Rhodes, MF James, Irwin, Cooper, FW Ward, J.Bradshaw, Heaton, Carthege, Byat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028735-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 American Cup, Final\nOlympics: GK Connell, DF Harwood, Stewart, MF Burgess, Pilling, Whittaker, FW Clarkson, Finlan, Taylor, Slater, Ingham. Rovers: GK Cutler, DF Holden, Hood, MF Swithemby, Howarth, Crawn, FW Wood, J.Swithemby, Connelly, J.Hood, Barr, Jameson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028736-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Amherst football team\nThe 1890 Amherst football team was an American football team that represented the Amherst College during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 6\u20135\u20131 record and was outscored by a total of 185 to 184. Two of Amherst's losses were to undefeated national champion Harvard. Excluding the two one-sided losses to Harvard, Amherst outscored its opponents, 178 to 47. The team played its home games at Blake Field in Amherst, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028737-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on September 1, 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028737-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor James Philip Eagle defeated Union Labor and Republican fusion nominee Napoleon B. Fizer with 55.51% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028738-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1890 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1890 college football season. In the Academy's first season fielding a team in intercollegiate football, the Cadets compiled a 0\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028738-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Army Cadets football team\nFootball began being played at the Academy in 1889, but only one inter-class match game was played that year. During the 1890 season, the Cadets played only one game, on the West Point grounds, losing to the Navy Midshipmen by a 24 to 0 score in the inaugural Army\u2013Navy Game. A week before the game, The New York Times reported that the planned match \"is beginning to assume almost national proportions.\" During the game, Army's quarterback Kirby Walker was knocked out of the game four times, the last time being carried off the field and to the hospital in an unconscious state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028738-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Army Cadets football team\nAfter the victory, Navy cadets in Annapolis \"fired twenty-four great guns, and then paraded the streets with horns.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028738-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Army Cadets football team\nA 20-year-old Army player, Dennis Michie, was the captain of the 1890 Army football team, though he is sometimes listed as the team's head coach. Michie was the lightest player on the team at 142 pounds. Michie was killed in 1898 during the Spanish\u2013American War. Army's home football stadium, Michie Stadium, was dedicated in his honor when it opened in 1924.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028738-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Army Cadets football team\nNo Army Cadets were honored on the 1890 College Football All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028738-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Army Cadets football team, Players\nThe following individuals were members of Army's first intercollegiate football team in 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028739-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1890 Atlantic hurricane season was among the least active Atlantic hurricane seasons on record. The first tropical cyclone of the season was initially observed on May\u00a027 and the last storm, Hurricane Four, dissipated over Central America on November\u00a01. These dates fall within the period with the most tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic. The first storm moved slowly north-northwestward, bringing heavy rains and extensive flooding to Cuba, which caused at least three fatalities and at least $1\u00a0million (1890\u00a0USD) in damage. It dissipated in the Gulf of Mexico on May\u00a029.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028739-0000-0001", "contents": "1890 Atlantic hurricane season\nTropical cyclogenesis went dormant for nearly two and a half months, until another system was observed near the Windward Islands on August\u00a018. It traversed the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, grazing the Yucatan Peninsula and making landfall in Louisiana before dissipating on August\u00a028. Impact from the storm was minimal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028739-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Atlantic hurricane season\nOf the season's four tropical cyclones, two reached hurricane status. One of these two strengthened into a major hurricanes, which are Category\u00a03 or higher on the modern-day Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane wind scale. The strongest cyclone of the season, the third hurricane, peaked at Category\u00a03 strength, with maximum sustained winds of 120\u00a0mph (195\u00a0km/h). Rough seas produced by this storm sunk a ship in the vicinity of the Lesser Antilles, drowning 10\u00a0people. The final tropical cyclone was first observed in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October\u00a031.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028739-0001-0001", "contents": "1890 Atlantic hurricane season\nPeaking as a strong Category\u00a01 hurricane, it headed westward and made landfall in Nicaragua, before being last noted over Central America on November\u00a01. The storm produced only minor damage in Nicaragua. Collectively, the tropical cyclones of this season resulted in at least $1\u00a0million in damage and 14\u00a0confirmed fatalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028739-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nAccording to HURDAT \u2013 North Atlantic hurricane database \u2013 a tropical depression developed on May\u00a027, while located about 65 miles (105\u00a0km) south of Isla de la Juventud, Cuba. The depression moved north-northwestward and did not strengthen before making landfall near Pinar del R\u00edo, Cuba, early the following day. It crossed Cuba without weakening and emerged into the southeastern Gulf of Mexico on May\u00a028. Later that day, the depression intensified into a tropical storm. The cyclone continued to strengthen and peaked with winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) early on May\u00a029. It was last noted about 125\u00a0miles (200\u00a0km) west-northwest of Dry Tortugas, Florida at around 1800\u00a0UTC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028739-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nThe storm brought heavy rains to Cuba, with 13.58 inches (345\u00a0mm) observed in Havana in a 36-hour period. Flooding and mudslides caused extensive damage to several cities, including Calabazar, Chorrera, Havana, Puentes Grandes, San Antonio de los Ba\u00f1os, and Rincon. Several people had to be rescued. Nearly all telegraphic and railroad services were interrupted by flooding. With damage estimates in the millions of dollars, the event was described as \"the most disastrous rains that had ever visited Cuba.\" At least 4\u00a0fatalities were confirmed after a ship capsized, while a \"good number\" of other persons drowned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028739-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nAfter no activity for over two months, the barque Aspatogan encountered \"very heavy weather\" associated with a tropical storm in the eastern Caribbean Sea on August\u00a018. The system moved west-northwestward across the Caribbean Sea and strengthened slowly. Early on August\u00a024, the storm attained its maximum sustained winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h), while situated about 80 miles (130\u00a0km) south-southwest of Grand Cayman. Re -curving northwestward, it brushed the Yucatan Peninsula on August\u00a025, shortly before entering the Gulf of Mexico. The storm again re-curved northward while located in the central Gulf of Mexico. At 1600\u00a0UTC, it made landfall near Dulac, Louisiana with winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h). The system quickly weakened to a tropical depression and dissipated over northern Mississippi on August\u00a028.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 865]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028739-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe steamship Haytian encountered a storm equivalent in intensity to a Category\u00a02 hurricane on the Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane wind scale, while located about 470 miles (760\u00a0km) east-northeast of Dominica on August\u00a026. The cyclone headed northwestward and strengthened into a Category\u00a03 hurricane early on the following day, becoming the only major hurricane of the season. Later on August\u00a027, the storm attained its maximum sustained wind speed of 120\u00a0mph (195\u00a0km/h). The ship Portuense recorded a minimum barometric pressure of 965\u00a0mbar (28.5\u00a0inHg) at 0700\u00a0UTC on August\u00a028. However, the ship sunk in the rough seas later that day while situated about 250 miles (400\u00a0km) northeast of Anegada, British Virgin Islands, drowning ten people, including the ship's captain and nine crew members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 845]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028739-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nAfter peak intensity, the storm began to weaken and fell to Category\u00a02 strength on August\u00a029. Later that day, the hurricane began re-curving northward and then accelerated northeastward on August\u00a030. Although the storm passed well offshore the East Coast of the United States, rough seas caused \"great damage\" at beaches in New Jersey. While approaching Newfoundland on September\u00a01, the system weakened to a Category\u00a01 hurricane. Late on September\u00a01, it weakened to a tropical storm, shortly before becoming extratropical about 465\u00a0miles (750\u00a0km) east-northeast of St. Lunaire-Griquet, Newfoundland and Labrador.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028739-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nThe steamship Gussie first encountered a hurricane with winds of 90\u00a0mph (150\u00a0km/h) early on October\u00a031, while located about 95 miles (153\u00a0km) northeast of Providencia Island, Colombia. The cyclone tracked westward and maintained its intensity as a strong Category\u00a01 hurricane. Late on October\u00a031, it made landfall in Nicaragua just south of Cabo Gracias a Dios. At 0000\u00a0UTC on November\u00a01, the system weakened to a tropical storm. Six hours later, it was last noted over the Olancho Department of Honduras. Impact from this system in Central America is unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028740-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Australian maritime dispute\nThe 1890 Australian maritime dispute was an industrial dispute that began on 15 August 1890 when the Mercantile Marine Officers' Association directed its members to give 24 hours' notice to their employers after negotiations broke down with the Steamship Owners' Association of Victoria over longstanding pay and conditions claims. Industrial action quickly spread to seamen, wharf labourers, then gas stockers. Coal miners from Newcastle, Broken Hill, and even New Zealand were locked out after refusing to dig coal for non-union operated vessels. By September 1890, 28,500 workers were on strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028740-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Australian maritime dispute\nThe Melbourne branch of the Marine Officers' Association had joined the Melbourne Trades Hall Council, and the New Zealand branch was affiliated with the Maritime Labour Council. In July 1890 the Union Steamship Company of New Zealand had conceded a pay rise of one pound, following arbitration. Many of the owners had privately conceded that an increase in pay was justified and overdue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028740-0001-0001", "contents": "1890 Australian maritime dispute\nThe Sydney branch of the union, not affiliated with the Sydney Maritime Council, negotiated with the owners and were told their case was reasonable, but could not be considered while the Melbourne branch was affiliated with Melbourne Trades Hall. In a last minute mediation, officials of the union agreed to withdraw from the Melbourne Trades Hall, if employers agreed to compromise in a last minute meeting with a union delegation. The Shipowners refused to meet the delegation, which thus precipitated the strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028740-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Australian maritime dispute\nOstensibly over pay and conditions, the causes of the dispute were considered more complex, and point to an employer conspiracy to render trade union activity ineffective, and employer activity to counter union solidarity in secondary boycott of non-union shorn wool in the pastoral industry. While some historians argue that the strike was caused by a downturn in economic conditions, others argue the depression of the 1890s did not start till 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028740-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Australian maritime dispute\nIn early July 1890, the Amalgamated Shearers' Union of Australasia had issued a manifesto calling a boycott on non-union wool shorn in the coming shearing season. This emulated a successful boycott of non-union wool called by the Queensland Shearers Union in 1889 and instituted by the Wharf Labourer's Union and Brisbane Trades Hall. The campaign to break union solidarity was engineered by stevedore Alfred Lamb, a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, owner of one of the four main wool exporting firms, and vice president of the NSW Employers' Union. He attended meetings of the Pastoralists Union of NSW, the Pastoralists Union of Victoria, organised a memorandum of understanding and agreements among wool shippers, shipping agents and shipowners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028740-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Australian maritime dispute, Social turmoil\nWhile police had been used in strikes before 1890, the military had not usually been called in other than at the Lambton Colliery strike in the Hunter Valley two years earlier. During the strike military units were extensively used in New South Wales and Victoria. Armed troops were deployed to support the police in Sydney, Melbourne, Newcastle and a number of other ports around Australia, as violence escalated against non-union labour and against the property of companies operating shipping, the mines, the wharves and ports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028740-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Australian maritime dispute, Social turmoil\nIn Melbourne, the announcement that a public meeting was going to be held on 31 August 1890 to support the maritime strikers sent the Victorian government into precautionary mode. On the eve of the meeting, the Victorian Mounted Rifles were briefed by their commanding officer Lieutenant-Colonel Tom Price:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028740-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Australian maritime dispute, Social turmoil\nMen of the Mounted Rifles, one of your obligations imposes on you the duty of resisting invasion by a foreign enemy, but you are also liable to be called upon to assist in preserving law and order in the colony. ... To do your work faintly would be a grave mistake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028740-0006-0001", "contents": "1890 Australian maritime dispute, Social turmoil\nIf it has to be done effectively you will each be supplied with 40 rounds of ammunition, leaden bullets, and if the order is given to fire, don't let me see any rifle pointed in the air; fire low and lay them out so that the duty will not have to be performed again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028740-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Australian maritime dispute, Social turmoil\nPrice was quite clear and quite unapologetic about his intentions. He only wanted \u2032'to hit the strikers in the legs ... not to kill them outright. He explained that the term 'lay them out' was used in his regiment to mean 'temporary disablement'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028740-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 Australian maritime dispute, Social turmoil\nA force of 1,000 militia and mounted police and another 1,000 special constables were embodied by the time of the meeting. These forces, apart from a troop of mounted police were held in reserve out of the way and the 40,000 who attended the meeting, although enthusiastic, were orderly and the forces were not called in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028740-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 Australian maritime dispute, Union defeat\nThe strike was defeated when the Marine Officers returned to work on the employers terms in November 1890, with Illawarra coal miners being the last workers to return to work in January 1891. A shortage of money to sustain the strike and a plentiful supply of strikebreakers eventually defeated the strikers. Wage cuts were introduced for everyone in the maritime industry, with wage cuts of up to 30 per cent. The defeat of the 1890 maritime strike and the 1891 Australian shearers' strike, laid the framework for the Australian labour movement entry into parliamentary politics. The New South Wales Labour Defence Committee summed up the unions mood in this statement:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028740-0010-0000", "contents": "1890 Australian maritime dispute, Union defeat\nthe time has come when trade unionists must use the parliamentary machine that in the past has used them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028741-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Ayr Burghs by-election\nThe Ayr Burghs by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Ayr Burghs in 1890. The seat had become vacant when the sitting Liberal Party Member of Parliament John Sinclair retired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028742-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Baker Methodists football team\nThe 1890 Baker Methodists football team represented Baker University in the 1890 college football season. They finished with a record of 1\u20131 in their inaugural season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028743-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Balmain colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Balmain on 10 July 1890 because John Hawthorne (Free Trade) resigned due to bankruptcy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028744-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Baltimore Orioles season\nThe Baltimore Orioles team left the American Association after the 1889 season and started playing in the minor Atlantic Association. However, when the Brooklyn Gladiators ballclub folded mid-way through the 1890 season the Orioles returned to the AA to finish out the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028744-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028744-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028744-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028745-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Bassetlaw by-election\nThe 1890 Bassetlaw by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Bassetlaw in Nottinghamshire on 15 December 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028745-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Bassetlaw by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Conservative MP, William Beckett-Denison, on 23 November 1890. Beckett-Denison had won the newly created seat at the 1885 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028745-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Bassetlaw by-election, The candidates\nThe Conservative party selected Sir Frederick Milner, son-in-law of the deceased MP and former member for York, as their candidate. Milner's candidature was supported by Francis Foljambe, a Liberal Unionist and former MP for the area, who had been defeated by Beckett-Denison in the 1885 election. The Liberal candidate was John William Mellor, former MP for Grantham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028745-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Bassetlaw by-election, The campaign\nCampaigning was lively. \"The constituency is being flooded with literature of every description\", reported the Times. Women campaigners were active, from the Conservative Primrose League and the Women's Liberal association who were reported to be 'taking a Home Rule van through the district'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028745-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Bassetlaw by-election, The campaign\nThe Home Rule issue was a difficult one for the Liberals at this precise moment, with a split in the Irish Parliamentary Party taking place over the continued leadership of Charles Stewart Parnell, following a crisis over the divorce of his partner Katharine O'Shea; Liberal leader William Gladstone had warned the party that Parnell's continued leadership would mean the end of prospects of Home Rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028745-0004-0001", "contents": "1890 Bassetlaw by-election, The campaign\nAt a public meeting in the Constituency, the Conservative MP for North Armagh, Edward James Saunderson, made fun of Gladstone's difficulties: \"in 1886, a marriage was consummated between Mr Gladstone and his followers and Mr Parnell and his friends. Since then, however, there had been a divorce (cheers and laughter), and ... they had discovered that all the love was on one side\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028745-0004-0002", "contents": "1890 Bassetlaw by-election, The campaign\nThe issue was picked up in a later speech by the Liberal Unionist MP for Tyrone South Thomas Russell: \"he would ask his fellow Nonconformists not to submit the Presbyterians, Methodists and Independents of Ireland to the shame and humiliation of being governed by a man who was a convicted adulterer and liar, and whose conduct, he regretted to say, was practically condoned by the Liberal party\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028745-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Bassetlaw by-election, The campaign\nThe Liberal position was put in a speech by Henry Labouch\u00e8re, MP for Northampton: \"He was not going to love Ireland less because Mr Parnell loved Mrs O'Shea more. (Laughter) ... Mr Parnell was doing his best to wreck Home Rule in Ireland ... if they could only win [the] Bassetlaw election it would put backbone and hope into the Liberals all over the country.\" Gladstone himself, speaking at a public meeting in the constituency, emphasised that the crisis only showed how important it was to achieve Home Rule: \"Why should English politics, and Scotch and Welsh politics, be dependent on the choice of an Irish leader?\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028745-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Bassetlaw by-election, The campaign\nThe Parnell crisis overshadowed all other issues in the campaign, although it was always most likely that Milner would hold his father-in-law's seat, picking up the rural vote while the miners supported the Liberal. The Conservatives defended their actions on improvements in housing for the poor while Milner had spoken against an eight-hour day for miners, which Mellor supported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028745-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Bassetlaw by-election, The vote\nPolling, which opened at 8 a.m., was heavy in the 28 polling districts in the constituency. Counting began at 9 a.m. next morning, with the result declared at half past ten. Milner held the seat for the Conservatives, with a substantially increased majority from the last contested election of 728 votes (Beckett-Denison had been returned unopposed in 1886). He told his supporters that this was a blow against the Liberal leader: \"He could only hope that this emphatic answer would cause Mr Gladstone to withdraw himself from the arena of active politics\". Mellor, in his turn, assured his followers that \"the party would go on increasing and the great cause of Liberalism would surmount all difficulties.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 36], "content_span": [37, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028746-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Belgian general election\nPartial general elections were held in Belgium on 10 June 1890. In the elections for the Chamber of Representatives the result was a victory for the Catholic Party, which won 94 of the 138 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028746-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Belgian general election\nUnder the alternating system, elections were held in only four out of the nine provinces: Hainaut, Limburg, Li\u00e8ge and East Flanders. Thus, only 69 seats out of the 138 were up for election. Additionally, a special election was held in Neufch\u00e2teau on 3 June 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028746-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Belgian general election, Constituencies\nThe distribution of seats among the electoral districts was as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028747-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Birthday Honours\nThe 1890 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published in the London Gazette on 20 May 1890 and in The Times on 21 May 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028747-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028747-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, Privy Councillor\nThe Queen appointed the following to Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 74], "content_span": [75, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028748-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Boston Beaneaters season\nThe 1890 Boston Beaneaters season was the 20th season of the franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028748-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028748-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028748-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028748-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028749-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Boston Reds season\nThe 1890 Boston Reds baseball team was a member of the short-lived Players' League. They compiled an 81\u201347 record and won the league championship. After the season, the league folded, but the Reds were invited to join the American Association for the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028749-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 68], "content_span": [69, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028749-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 61], "content_span": [62, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028749-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028749-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028749-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028750-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1890 saw the election of Nathan Matthews Jr. Incumbent Mayor Thomas N. Hart was defeated for the Republican nomination by Moody Merrill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028751-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 British Columbia general election\nThe 1890 British Columbia general election was held in 1890. The number of members was increased for this election from 27 in the previous election to 33, although the number of ridings was decreased to 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028751-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 British Columbia general election, Political context, Non-party system\nThere were to be no political parties in the new province. The designations \"Government\" and \"Opposition\" and \"Independent\" (and variations on these) functioned in place of parties, but they were very loose and do not represent formal coalitions, more alignments of support during the campaign. \"Government\" meant in support of the current Premier; \"Opposition\" meant campaigning against him, and often enough the Opposition would win and immediately become the Government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028751-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 British Columbia general election, Political context, Non-party system\nAlthough Labour as a party had run candidates in previous election, this election saw the first victories by Labour candidates (in Nanaimo and Nanaimo City), and a \"Farmer\" candidate (in the second Nanaimo seat). There were five successful independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028751-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 British Columbia general election, Political context, The Robson Government\nThe government of newspaperman John Robson received a mandate after assuming power the year before. Robson died in office in 1892, yielding to Theodore Davie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028751-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 British Columbia general election, Political context, Byelections not shown\nAny changes due to byelections are shown below the main table showing the theoretical composition of the House after the election. A final table showing the composition of the House at the dissolution of the Legislature at the end of this Parliament can be found below the byelections. The main table represents the immediate results of the election only, not changes in governing coalitions or eventual changes due to byelections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028751-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 British Columbia general election, Political context, List of ridings\nThe original ridings were thirteen in number, and Cowichan was restored to a two-member seat while New Westminster was increased to three, with the new total being 33 members. There were no political parties were not acceptable in the House by convention, though some members were openly partisan at the federal level (usually Conservative, although both Liberal and Labour allegiance were on display by some candidates).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028751-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 British Columbia general election, Political context, Polling conditions\nNatives (First Nations) and Chinese were disallowed from voting, although naturalized Kanakas (Hawaiian colonists) and American and West Indian blacks and certain others participated. The requirement that knowledge of English be spoken for balloting was discussed but not applied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum\nThe 1890 British Ultimatum was an ultimatum by the British government delivered on 11 January 1890 to Portugal. The ultimatum forced the retreat of Portuguese military forces from areas which had been claimed by Portugal on the basis of historical discovery and recent exploration, but which the United Kingdom claimed on the basis of effective occupation. Portugal had attempted to claim a large area of land between its colonies of Mozambique and Angola including most of present-day Zimbabwe and Zambia and a large part of Malawi, which had been included in Portugal's \"Rose-coloured Map\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum\nIt has sometimes been claimed that the British government's objections arose because the Portuguese claims clashed with its aspirations to create a Cape to Cairo Railway, linking its colonies from the south of Africa to those in the north. This seems unlikely, as in 1890 Germany already controlled German East Africa, now Tanzania, and Sudan was independent under Muhammad Ahmad. Rather, the British government was pressed into taking action by Cecil Rhodes, whose British South Africa Company was founded in 1888 south of the Zambezi and the African Lakes Company and British missionaries to the north.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Background\nAt the start of the 19th century, the Portuguese presence in Africa south of the equator was limited in Angola to Luanda and Benguela and a few outposts, the most northerly of which was Ambriz and in Mozambique to the Island of Mozambique, several other coastal trading posts as far south as Delagoa Bay and the virtually independent Prazo estates in the Zambezi valley  The first challenge to Portugal's wider claims came from the Transvaal Republic, which in 1868 claimed an outlet to the Indian Ocean at Delagoa Bay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0002-0001", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Background\nAlthough in 1869, Portugal and the Transvaal reached agreement on a border under which all of Delagoa Bay was Portuguese, the UK then lodged an objection, claiming the southern part of that bay. The claim was rejected after arbitration by President MacMahon of France. His award made in 1875 upheld the border agreed in 1869. A second challenge came from the foundation of a German colony at Angra Pequena, now known as L\u00fcderitz in Namibia in 1883. Although there was no Portuguese presence there, Portugal had claimed it on the basis of discovery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Background\nA far more serious dispute arose in the area of the Zambezi valley and Lake Nyasa. Portugal occupied the coast of Mozambique from the 16th century, and from 1853 the Portuguese government embarked on a series of military campaigns to bring the Zambezi valley under its effective control. During the 1850s, the areas south of Lake Nyasa (now Lake Malawi) and west of the lake were explored by David Livingstone and several Church of England and Presbyterian missions were established in the Shire Highlands in the 1860s and 1870s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0003-0001", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Background\nIn 1878, the African Lakes Company was established by businessmen with links to the Presbyterian missions. Their aim was to set up a trading company that would work in close cooperation with the missions to combat the slave trade by introducing legitimate trade and develop European influence in the area. A small mission and trading settlement was established at Blantyre in 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Background\nPortugal attempted to assert its African territorial claims through three expeditions led by Alexandre de Serpa Pinto, first from Mozambique to the eastern Zambezi in 1869, then to the Congo and upper Zambezi from Angola in 1876 and lastly crossing Africa from Angola in 1877\u20131879. These expeditions were undertaken with the intention of claiming the area between Mozambique and Angola.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0004-0001", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Background\nFollowing Serpa Pinto's explorations, the Portuguese government in 1879 made a formal claim to the area south and east of the Ruo River (the present south-eastern border of Malawi) and, in 1882, occupied the lower Shire River valley as far as the Ruo. The Portuguese then asked the British government to accept this territorial claim, but the opening of the Berlin Conference of 1884\u201385 ended the discussions. Portugal's efforts to establish this corridor of influence between Angola and Mozambique were hampered by one of the articles in the General Act of the Berlin Conference which required effective occupation of areas claimed rather than historical claims based on discovery or those based on exploration, as Portugal had used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Background\nTo validate Portuguese claims, Serpa Pinto was appointed as its consul in Zanzibar in 1884 and given the mission of exploring the region between Lake Nyasa and the coast from the Zambezi to the Rovuma River and securing the allegiance of the chiefs in that area. His expedition reached Lake Nyasa and the Shire Highlands but failed to make any treaties of protection with the chiefs in territories west of the lake. At the northwest end of Lake Nyasa around Karonga, the African Lakes Company made, or claimed to have made, treaties with local chiefs between 1884 and 1886. Its ambition was to become a chartered company and control the route from the lake along the Shire River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Background\nDespite the outcome of the Berlin Conference, the idea of a trans-African Portuguese zone was not abandoned; to help to create it, Portugal signed treaties with France and Germany in 1886. The German treaty noted Portugal's claim to territory along the course of the Zambezi linking Angola and Mozambique. Following the treaties, the Portuguese foreign minister prepared what became known as the Rose Coloured Map, representing a claim stretching from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean. North of the Zambezi, these Portuguese claims were opposed by both the African Lakes company and the missionaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0006-0001", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Background\nThe main opposition to Portuguese claims in the south came from Cecil Rhodes, whose British South Africa Company was founded in 1888. As late as 1888, the British Foreign Office declined to offer protection to the tiny British settlements in the Shire Highlands. However, it did not accept the expansion of Portuguese influence there, and in 1889, it appointed Henry Hamilton Johnston as British consul to Mozambique and the Interior, and instructed him to report on the extent of Portuguese rule in the Zambezi and Shire valleys. He was also to make conditional treaties with local rulers outside Portuguese control. The conditional treaties did not establish a British protectorate but prevented the rulers from accepting protection from another state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Ultimatum\nIn 1888, the Portuguese government instructed its representatives in Mozambique to make treaties of protection with the Yao chiefs southeast of Lake Nyasa and in the Shire Highlands. Two expeditions were organised, one under Antonio Cardoso, a former governor of Quelimane, set off in November 1888 for Lake Nyasa; the second expedition under Serpa Pinto (now governor of Mozambique) moved up the Shire valley. Between them, these two expeditions made over 20 treaties with chiefs in what is now Malawi. Serpa Pinto met Johnston in August 1889 east of the Ruo, when Johnston advised him not to cross the river into the Shire Highlands. Although Serpa Pinto had previously acted with caution, he crossed the Ruo to Chiromo, now in Malawi in September 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Ultimatum\nThe incursion led to an armed conflict between Portuguese troops led by Serpa Pinto and the Makololo on 8 November 1889 near the Shire river.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Ultimatum\nFollowing this minor clash, Johnston's vice-consul, John Buchanan, accused Portugal of ignoring British interests in this area and declared a British protectorate over the Shire Highlands in December 1889 despite contrary instructions. Shortly afterward, Johnston himself declared a further protectorate over the area to the west of Lake Nyasa (also contrary to his instructions) although both protectorates were later endorsed by the Foreign Office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0010-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Ultimatum\nThe actions formed the background to an Anglo-Portuguese crisis in which a British refusal of arbitration was followed by the 1890 British Ultimatum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0011-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Ultimatum\nThe ultimatum was a memorandum sent to the Portuguese Government by Lord Salisbury on 11 January 1890 in which he demanded the withdrawal of the Portuguese troops from Mashonaland and Matabeleland (now Zimbabwe) and the Shire-Nyasa region (now Malawi), where Portuguese and British interests in Africa overlapped. It meant that the UK was now claiming sovereignty over territories, some of which had been claimed as Portuguese for centuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0012-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Ultimatum\nWhat Her Majesty's Government require and insist upon is the following: that telegraphic instructions shall be sent to the governor of Mozambique at once to the effect that all and any Portuguese military forces which are actually on the Shire or in the Makololo or in the Mashona territory are to be withdrawn. Her Majesty's Government considers that without this the assurances given by the Portuguese Government are illusory. Mr. Petre is compelled by his instruction to leave Lisbon at once with all the members of his legation unless a satisfactory answer to this foregoing intimation is received by him in, the course of this evening, and Her Majesty's ship Enchantress is now at Vigo waiting for his orders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 748]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0013-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Ultimatum\nThe Mr. Petre mentioned was the British Minister in Lisbon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0014-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Aftermath\nAlthough the ultimatum required Portugal to cease from its activities in the disputed areas, there was no similar restriction on further British efforts to establish occupation there. Agents for Rhodes were active in Mashonaland and Manicaland and in what is now eastern Zambia, and John Buchanan asserted British rule in more of the Shire Highlands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0014-0001", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Aftermath\nThere were armed clashes between Portuguese troops who were already in occupation in Manicaland and Rhodes\u2019 incoming men in 1890 and 1891, which ceased only when some areas that had been allocated to Portugal in the unratified 1890 treaty were reassigned to Rhodes\u2019 British South Africa Company in the 1891 treaty, with Portugal being given more land in the Zambezi valley in compensation for this loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0015-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Aftermath\nWhen Portugal acquiesced to British demands, it was considered as a breach of the Treaty of Windsor (1386) and seen as a national humiliation by republicans in Portugal, who denounced the government and the King as responsible for it. The government fell, and Ant\u00f3nio de Serpa Pimentel was appointed prime minister. The British Ultimatum inspired the original lyrics of the Portuguese National Anthem, \"A Portuguesa\". It was considered by Portuguese historians and politicians at that time to be the most outrageous and infamous action of the UK against its oldest ally. The reason that Lord Salisbury and his diplomatically isolated British government used tactics that could have led to war has been plausibly argued as the result of fear of Portuguese occupation of Manicaland and the Shire Highlands, which would have forestalled British interests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 886]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0016-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Aftermath\nIn an attempt to reach an agreement over Portuguese African borders, the Treaty of London defining the territorial limits of Angola and Mozambique, was signed on 20 August 1890 by Portugal and the United Kingdom. The treaty was published in the Di\u00e1rio do Governo (Portugal's Government Diary) on 30 August and presented to the parliament that same day, leading to a new wave of protests and the downfall of the Portuguese government. Not only was it never ratified by the Portuguese Parliament but also Cecil Rhodes, whose plans of expansion it affected, also opposed this treaty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0016-0001", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Aftermath\nA new treaty was negotiated which gave Portugal more territory in the Zambezi valley than the 1890 treaty, but what is now the Manicaland Province of Zimbabwe passed from Portuguese to British control. This treaty was signed in Lisbon on 11 June 1891, and in addition to defining boundaries, it allowed freedom of navigation on the Zambezi and Shire rivers and allowed the UK to lease land for a port at Chinde at the mouth of the Zambezi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0017-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Aftermath\nThe 1890 ultimatum soured Anglo-Portuguese relations for some time, although when in the late 1890s Portugal underwent a severe economic crisis, its government sought a British loan. However, with the outbreak of the Boer war, Britain sought support from Portugal and signed an Anglo-Portuguese Declaration on 14 October 1899. This new treaty reaffirmed former treaties of Alliance and committed Britain to defending Portuguese colonies from possible enemies. In return, Portugal agreed to stop arms being supplied to the Transvaal through Louren\u00e7o Marques and declared its neutrality in the conflict.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028752-0018-0000", "contents": "1890 British Ultimatum, Aftermath\nAlthough official relations were repaired, the 1890 ultimatum was said to be one of the main causes for the Republican Revolution, which ended the monarchy in Portugal 20 years later (5 October 1910), and the assassination of the Portuguese king (Carlos I of Portugal) and the crown prince (1 February 1908).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028753-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season\nThe 1890 Brooklyn Bridegrooms left the American Association and joined the National League. They won the league championship, becoming one of a select few teams to win championships in different leagues in back-to-back seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028753-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028753-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028753-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; CG = Complete games; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028753-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; CG = Complete games; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028753-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season, 1890 World Series\nIn the 1890 World Series, the Bridegrooms faced the American Association Champions, the Louisville Colonels. The Series ended in a 3\u20133\u20131 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028754-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Gladiators season\nThe 1890 Brooklyn Gladiators baseball team finished with a 26\u201373 record, last place in the American Association during their only season in existence. The team failed to finish the season, folding after their game against the Syracuse Stars on August 25. They were replaced by the resurrected Baltimore Orioles franchise, which had left the league at the end of the 1889 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028754-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Gladiators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028754-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Gladiators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028754-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Gladiators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028754-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Gladiators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028755-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Ward's Wonders season\nThe 1890 Brooklyn Ward's Wonders baseball team was a member of the short lived Players' League. They compiled a 76\u201356 record, good for second place. The team was named by the press for their manager, John Montgomery Ward, who helped to organize the Players' League. After the season, the league folded, and the Wonders were bought out by the National League's Brooklyn Bridegrooms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028755-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Ward's Wonders season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028755-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Ward's Wonders season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028755-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Ward's Wonders season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 78], "content_span": [79, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028755-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Brooklyn Ward's Wonders season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028756-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1890 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University during the 1890 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028757-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Buffalo Bisons season\nThe 1890 Buffalo Bisons baseball team was a member of the short lived Players' League, and an \"outlaw\" franchise that used the name of the existing minor league Buffalo Bisons without permission. They compiled a 36\u201396 record, which landed them in last place, 46\u00bd games behind the pennant-winning Boston Reds and 20 games behind the seventh-place Cleveland Infants in the eight-team league. After the season, the league folded, as did the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028757-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028757-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028757-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028757-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028757-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028758-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Bulgarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 7 September 1890. The result was an overwhelming victory for the People's Liberal Party of Prime Minister Stefan Stambolov.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election\nThe Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held on 10 April 1890 for the British House of Commons constituency of Caernarvon Boroughs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Previous MP\nThe seat had become vacant when the previous Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), Edmund Swetenham died. Swetenham (1822 \u2013 19 March 1890) was a barrister who had contested the seat in 1885 and been elected its MP in 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 49], "content_span": [50, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Candidates\nTwo candidates were nominated. The list below is set out in descending order of the number of votes received at the by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Candidates\n1. The Liberal Party candidate, David Lloyd George (17 January 1863 \u2013 26 March 1945) was a local solicitor from Criccieth (one of the six boroughs in the district). In 1890 he was an ambitious young man, aged 27, whose political and legal work had made him well known in all parts of the constituency. He had become an Alderman of Caernarvonshire County Council, when it was established in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Candidates\nSubsequent to the by-election Lloyd George had a long and distinguished political career. He served in many high offices, notably as Chancellor of the Exchequer 1908-1915 and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1916-1922. He led the Liberal Party, after the retirement of H. H. Asquith, from 1926 to 1931. Lloyd George continued to represent the Boroughs from 1890 until he was elevated to the peerage as the 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor in February 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Candidates\n2. Representing the Conservative Party was a local landowner, the squire of Llanystumdwy, Ellis Nanney. He was a popular figure locally, but his health was poor and he was a reluctant candidate. Nanney had previously contested the county seats of Caernarvonshire in 1880 and Eifion in 1885. After the by-election he contested Caernarvon Boroughs again in the 1895 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Constituency and Campaign\nThe constituency was a district of six boroughs, located in different parts of the county of Caernarvonshire, in north west Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Constituency and Campaign\nThe area had a reputation, since 1832, as a middle of the road constituency. It was not known as a particularly radical seat. However, since the extension of the franchise in 1885, most parts of Wales had become more supportive of the Liberal Party. Liberal support tended to be associated with religious nonconformity and the Conservative voters were more likely to be Anglican in religion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Constituency and Campaign\nLloyd George had a strong political appeal to his fellow nonconformists. He had become well known by taking up high-profile legal actions, addressing nonconformist grievances. By the standards of the era, David Lloyd George was a Welsh nationalist. Lloyd George hoped to use the national issue to appeal beyond his nonconformist base. However this issue was more popular in South Wales than in the north. The North Wales Liberal Federation was hesitant over Home Rule for Wales. Tom Ellis thought Lloyd George's support for it reduced his majority at the by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Constituency and Campaign\nIn January 1889, the local Liberal Association selected Lloyd George as their prospective Parliamentary candidate. His rival for the selection, Arthur Humphreys-Owen, had called Lloyd George \"a second rate country attorney\". The MP for the Caernarvonshire county division of Arfon (William Rathbone) thought that Lloyd George's nomination would lead to the loss of the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0010-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Constituency and Campaign\nWhen the by-election was called the Conservative Party had difficulty finding a candidate. A number of possible local nominees (including the eventual candidate Ellis Nanney) declined the chance to contest the seat. It seemed that an outside barrister would be selected, but this possibility came to nothing, as the local Tories would not promise support in the following general election. Eventually Nanney was persuaded to contest the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0011-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Constituency and Campaign\nLloyd George secured funding of about \u00a3250, for the by-election, from a local Methodist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0012-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Constituency and Campaign\nLloyd George issued an election address, on 24 March 1890, in which he supported the standard Gladstonian position on Irish Home Rule but devoted more space to Welsh grievances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0013-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Constituency and Campaign\nAs a campaign tactic, Conservative speakers contrasted the local focus of Nanney, with the scale of Lloyd George's talents and national interests. A contrast was drawn between the wealthy Tory landowner and the Liberal from a lower social strata.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0014-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Constituency and Campaign\nLloyd George, demonstrating his considerable oratorical skills, ridiculed the Conservative arguments. He pointed out that politics had moved on since the 17th century, so it was no longer sufficient for an MP just to be wealthy. In a long remembered phrase, the Liberal candidate referred to the age of the cottage bred candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0015-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Constituency and Campaign\nLloyd George toured the constituency non-stop, speaking in a different part of it each night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0016-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Constituency and Campaign\nThe three smallest boroughs (Criccieth, Nevin and Pwllheli) were the most agricultural and strongly Liberal parts of the seat. In a close election, this support was to prove decisive for the Criccieth-based candidate - Lloyd George. The Anglican cathedral city of Bangor was the most strongly Conservative part of the seat. Caernarvon itself and Conway were more doubtful and evenly divided towns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028759-0017-0000", "contents": "1890 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, Constituency and Campaign\nThe election count was tense, as it was soon apparent that the result would be close. At first, it seemed Nanney would be elected, but it was found that a parcel of Liberal votes had been put in the wrong pile. Eventually David Lloyd George was declared elected by a margin of 18 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028760-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Calgary municipal election\nThe 1890 Calgary municipal election was scheduled for January 6, 1890 to elect a Mayor and six Councillors to sit on the sixth Calgary Town Council from January 20, 1890 to January 19, 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028760-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Calgary municipal election, Background\nVoting rights were provided to any male, single woman, or widowed British subject over twenty-one years of age who are assessed on the last revised assessment roll with a minimum property value of $200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028760-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Calgary municipal election, Background\nThe election was held under multiple non-transferable vote where each elector was able to cast a ballot for the mayor and up to four ballots for separate councillors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028760-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Calgary municipal election, Background\nThe Calgary Daily Herald reported there were many cases of electors who were entitled to vote, but were not on the voters list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028760-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Calgary municipal election, Results, Councillors\nElection was held under multiple non-transferable vote where each elector was able to cast a ballot for the mayor and up to six ballots for separate councillors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028761-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1890 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1890 college football season. The team competed as an independent, without a head coach, and compiled a record of 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028762-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 California gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 California gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890, to elect the governor of California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028763-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Cardiff County Borough Council election\nThe 1890 Cardiff County Borough Council election was held on Saturday 1 November 1890 to elect councillors to Cardiff County Borough Council in Cardiff, Wales. These were the second all-Cardiff elections since the creation of the county borough. They were first to take place since the increase in number of electoral wards from four to ten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028763-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Background\nCardiff had become a county borough on 1 April 1889 as a result of the Local Government Act 1888. With its municipal year running from November, the November 1889 elections were the first all-Cardiff elections in the town since becoming a county borough. In July 1890 the town's ward boundaries were redrawn, increasing the number of electoral wards from five to ten. On 25 July the General Purposes Committee of the council had redistributed the existing councillors over the ten wards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028763-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Background\nThe November 1890 elections were the second all-Cardiff elections in the county borough. Not all council seats were up for election, because councillors stood down for election in three-yearly rotation. The next all-Cardiff election took place in November 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028763-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Background\nThe council consisted of 30 councillors who were elected by the town's voters and ten aldermen who were elected by the councillors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028763-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Overview of the result\nContests took place in all ten electoral wards, namely Adamsdown, Canton, Cathays, Central, Grangetown, Park, Riverside, Roath, South and Splott. One council seat was up for election in all wards except for Riverside, where two seats were up for election because of the recent death of a sitting councillor. Prior to the election, seven of the eleven seats were held by the Liberal Party and four by the Conservatives. The election resulted in the Liberals increasing their overall representation by one. The Liberals received 6,518 votes in comparison with 5,535 for the Conservative candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028763-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Overview of the result\nNotable defeats included Sir Morgan Morgan in the Park ward, who lost to the Liberal candidate by 98 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028763-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Overview of the result, Council composition\nFollowing these elections, the council's Liberal majority increased by two, with 25 Liberal members and 15 Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 89], "content_span": [90, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028763-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Ward results, Central\nMr Proger had represented the ward for the previous 12 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 67], "content_span": [68, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028763-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Ward results, Grangetown\nJohn Jenkins, a shipwright and a nominee of Cardiff Trades Council, was declared to be the first genuine working man's representative elected to the council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 70], "content_span": [71, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028763-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Ward results, Park\nDespite trailing by 100 votes after the first count, Sir Morgan Morgan's supporters demanded two recounts before conceding defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 64], "content_span": [65, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028763-0010-0000", "contents": "1890 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Ward results, Riverside  (two seats)\nAn election was held on the same date, for the seat of Conservative councillor Smith, who had recently died.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 82], "content_span": [83, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028764-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Championship of Australia\nThe 1890 Championship of Australia was an Australian rules football match that took place on 4 October 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028764-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Championship of Australia\nThe championship was contested by the premiers of the VFA, South Melbourne and the premiers of the SAFA, Port Adelaide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028764-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Championship of Australia\nThe match was played at Adelaide Oval in Adelaide, South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028764-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Championship of Australia\nThe match, played in front of 6,500, was won by Port Adelaide by a margin of 1 goal, giving Port Adelaide its 1st Championship of Australia Title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028765-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Chicago Colts season\nThe 1890 Chicago Colts season was the 19th season of the Chicago Colts franchise, the 15th in the National League and the 6th at the first West Side Park. The Colts finished second in the National League with a record of 83\u201353.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028765-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028765-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028765-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028765-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 66], "content_span": [67, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028766-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Chicago Pirates season\nThe 1890 Chicago Pirates baseball team was a member of the short lived Players' League. They compiled a 75\u201362 record, good for fourth place, ten games behind the league champion Boston Reds. After the season, the league folded, and the Pirates were bought out by the Chicago Colts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028766-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Chicago Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028766-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Chicago Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028766-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Chicago Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028766-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Chicago Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028767-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Cincinnati Reds season\nThe 1890 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fourth in the National League with a record of 77\u201355, 10\u00bd behind the Brooklyn Bridegrooms. Directly after the season ended, owner Aaron Stern sold the club to Al Johnson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028767-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nAfter playing eight seasons in the American Association, the Cincinnati Red Stockings jumped to the National League for the 1890 season, and renamed themselves the Cincinnati Reds. The Reds hired Tom Loftus as their new manager. He last managed the Cleveland Spiders in 1889, leading them to a 61\u201372 record and a sixth-place finish in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028767-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nIn the off-season, the Reds acquired Lefty Marr from the Columbus Solons for $2000. Marr had hit .306 with a league high 15 triples for the Solons in 1889. He had also appeared in eight games with the Red Stockings in 1886. The team also purchased the contract of pitcher Frank Foreman from the Baltimore Orioles. Foreman was 23\u201321 with a 3.52 with the Orioles. Cincinnati also signed two 21-year-olds, catcher Jerry Harrington and pitcher Billy Rhines. Joe Knight, who last appeared in the majors with the Philadelphia Quakers in 1884 as a pitcher, was signed to play the outfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028767-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nJohn Reilly led the club offensively, hitting .300 with team highs with six home runs and 86 RBI. Bid McPhee had a .256 average with three homers and 39 RBI, as well as team highs with 125 runs and 55 stolen bases. Knight led the club with a .312 average with four homers and 67 RBI in his only season in the majors. Rhines led the pitching staff, as he had a 28\u201317 record with league best 1.95 ERA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028767-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary\nThe Reds played their first National League game on April 19, 1890. Despite a home run from Bug Holliday, Cincinnati lost to the Chicago Colts by a 5\u20134 score. After hovering around the .500 level, as the Reds had a record of 11\u201311 after twenty-two games, the team went on a 22\u20132 run to boost their record to 33\u201313, and take a four-game lead over the second place Brooklyn Bridegrooms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028767-0004-0001", "contents": "1890 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary\nCincinnati would hold on to their first place lead until going into a slump in which the Reds lost ten of eleven games to fall into fourth place, 5.5 games out of first. By the time the season ended, the Reds had a 77\u201355 record, finishing in fourth place, 10\u00bd games behind the Bridegrooms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028767-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028767-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028767-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028768-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Cincinnati football team\nThe 1890 Cincinnati football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20131\u20131 record. Henry Bettman was the team captain. The team had no head coach and played its home games at Union Ball Park in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028769-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Cleveland Infants season\nThe 1890 Cleveland Infants baseball team was a member of the short lived Players' League. They compiled a 55\u201375 record, finishing in seventh place. After the season, both the Infants and the league folded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028769-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Cleveland Infants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028769-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Cleveland Infants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028769-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Cleveland Infants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028769-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Cleveland Infants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028769-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Cleveland Infants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028770-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Cleveland Spiders season\nThe 1890 Cleveland Spiders finished with a 44\u201388 record and a seventh-place finish in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028770-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028770-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028770-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028770-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028770-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028771-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Colgate football team\nThe 1890 Colgate football team represented Colgate University in the 1890 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028772-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1890 College Football All-America team was the second College Football All-America Team. The team was selected by Caspar Whitney and published in This Week's Sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028772-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 College Football All-America Team, Overview\nAll eleven members of the 1890 All-America team played for three teams\u2014Harvard, Princeton or Yale, then known as the \"Big Three\" of college football. Some sources indicate that Walter Camp assisted Whitney with the selection of the 1890 All-American team, while others indicate that Camp did not become involved in the selection process until some time in the early 1890s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028772-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 College Football All-America Team, Overview\nThe 1890 All-America team included three players who were later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame: Harvard's great tackle Marshall \"Ma\" Newell, Yale's guard Pudge Heffelfinger, and Yale's halfback Thomas \"Bum\" McClung.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028772-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 College Football All-America Team, Overview\nThe strength of the 1890 team is demonstrated by the fact that a majority of the players selected (seven of eleven) were selected as All-Americans in multiple years. They are: Pudge Heffelfinger (1889, 1890 and 1891), John Corbett (1889 and 1890), Marshall Newell (1890 and 1891), Frank Hallowell (1890 and 1892), Jesse Riggs (1890 and 1891), \"Bum\" McClung (1890 and 1891), and Sheppard Homans (1890 and 1891).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028772-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 College Football All-America Team, Overview\nThe team included men who went on to great success in their careers. McClung went on to become the Treasurer of the United States under U.S. President William Howard Taft, and his signature appears on U.S. currency issued during the years 1909 through 1912. Heffelfinger became the first \"professional\" football player in 1892 when he was paid $25 for his expenses and a bonus of $500 by the Allegheny Athletic Association to play in a game against the rival Pittsburgh Athletic Club. Harvard's quarterback Dudley Dean enlisted in Teddy Roosevelt's Rough Riders and was decorated for his role in the Battle of San Juan Hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028772-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 College Football All-America Team, Overview\nThe team also included players who met with tragic endings. Newell was killed on Christmas Eve 1897 when a railroad engine accidentally backed up over him. Princeton's end Ralph Warren suffered a severely twisted neck in the 1891 Princeton-Yale game and wandered off several weeks later, having reportedly suffered a mental breakdown as a combined result of the injury and despondency over the loss to Yale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028772-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 College Football All-America Team, Overview\nFootball in 1890 was a brutal sport, played before the introduction of helmets and other protective gear. Serious injuries and even deaths were common occurrences in the game. Harvard's All-American center, John Cranston, was the first player to wear equipment to protect his face during an American football game. In order to protect Cranston's \"weak nose,\" Harvard captain and 1889 All-American Arthur Cumnock invented a device that he called \"nose armor.\" Cumnock's invention gained popularity, and in 1892, a newspaper article described the growing popularity of the device:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028772-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 College Football All-America Team, Overview\n\"By the invention of nose armor football players who have been hitherto barred from the field because of broken or weak noses are now able to thrust an armor protected nose (even though it be broken) into the center of the roughest scrimmage without danger to the sensitive nasal organ. The armor is made of fine rubber and protects both the nose and teeth.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028772-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 College Football All-America Team, Overview\nIn 1952, Grantland Rice paid tribute to Princeton's fullback Sheppard Homans as the embodiment of the rough and tumble days of iron man football. Rice wrote: \"Just as Ty Cobb represents the ball game of many years ago, this man represented the football that used to be.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028772-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 College Football All-America Team, Gallery of 1890 All-Americans\nYale halfback Lee McClung later served as the Treasurer of the United States", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 69], "content_span": [70, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028772-0010-0000", "contents": "1890 College Football All-America Team, Gallery of 1890 All-Americans\nHarvard halfback John Corbett later became known as Wyoming's \"Grand Old Man of Athletics.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 69], "content_span": [70, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028772-0011-0000", "contents": "1890 College Football All-America Team, Gallery of 1890 All-Americans\nHarvard quarterback Dudley Dean charged up San Juan Hill with Teddy Roosevelt's Rough Riders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 69], "content_span": [70, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028773-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Colorado Agricultural football team\nThe 1890 Colorado Agricultural football team represented Colorado Agricultural College (now known as Colorado State University) in the Colorado Football Association (CFA) during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 0\u20132 record and was outscored by a total of 112 to 5. The team had no coach. The two games played by the team were the first intercollegiate football games played by the school and included the first meeting in the Colorado\u2013Colorado State football rivalry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028774-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Colorado Silver and Gold football team\nThe 1890 Colorado Silver and Gold football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1890 college football season. The team was the first team to represent the University of Colorado. The team competed as an independent, without a head coach, and compiled a record of 0\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028775-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Colorado gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890. Republican nominee John Long Routt defeated Democratic nominee Caldwell Yeaman with 50.11% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028776-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Columbia football team\nThe 1890 Columbia football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20136\u20131 record and was outscored by a total of 199 to 46. The team had no coach. A.C. Gildersleeve was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028776-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Columbia football team\nThe team played its home games at Brotherhood Park in Manhattan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028777-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Columbian Orange and Blue football team\nThe 1890 Columbian Orange and Blue football team was an American football team that represented Columbian University (now known as George Washington University) as an independent during the 1890 college football season. The Orange and Blue had a 2\u20133 record with no head coach. It was their first season since 1883 and their last before 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028778-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Columbus Solons season\nThe 1890 Columbus Solons season was a season in American baseball. The team finished with a 79\u201355 record, second place in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028778-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Columbus Solons season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028778-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Columbus Solons season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028778-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Columbus Solons season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028778-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Columbus Solons season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028779-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890. Democratic nominee Luzon B. Morris defeated Republican nominee Samuel E. Merwin with 50.01% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028779-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe law at the time specified that if no candidate received a majority, the state legislature would decide the election. Morris received 50.01% of the vote, a mere 26 votes more than the majority needed to win. There were irregularities among ballots in Bridgeport as well. The state legislature, having split control, could not agree on a winner, and the result was challenged and deadlocked over the next two years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028779-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nDue to these challenges, Morris was not seated as Governor and the incumbent Governor Morgan Bulkeley remained in office, despite not running in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028780-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1890 Cork Senior Football Championship was the fourth staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028780-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Cork Senior Football Championship\nMidleton won the championship following a 2-03 to 0-02 defeat of Dromtarriffe in the final at Cork Park. This was their second championship title in succession and their second title overall. It remains their last championship success.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028781-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1890 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the fourth staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 18 February 1890. The championship began on 9 March 1890 and ended on 13 July 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028781-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 13 July 1890, Aghabullogue won the championship following a 7-3 to 1-1 defeat of Aghada in the final. This remains their only championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028782-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1890 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled an 8\u20134 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 342 to 134. Cornell's 77\u20130 loss to Harvard holds the record as the worst defeat in Cornell football history. In second place is a 66\u20130 loss to Princeton in 2018, 128 years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028783-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 County Championship\nThe 1890 County Championship was the first County Championship held as an official competition, following agreement between Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and the leading county clubs at a meeting in December 1889. Surrey became the first official county champions after winning nine out of fourteen games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028783-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 County Championship, Constitution of the official championship\nThe official County Championship was constituted in a meeting at Lord's on 10 December 1889 which was called to enable club secretaries to determine the 1890 fixtures. While this was going on, representatives of the eight leading county clubs held a private meeting to discuss the method by which the County Championship should in future be decided. A majority were in favour of \"ignoring drawn games altogether and settling the championship by wins and losses.\" Under this system defeats were subtracted from victories and the county with the highest total were champions. The new competition, which had official sanction, began in the 1890 season and initially featured Gloucestershire, Kent, Lancashire, Middlesex, Nottinghamshire, Surrey, Sussex and Yorkshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028783-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 County Championship, 1890 County Championship\nThe 1890 County Championship was the first officially organised edition. It ran from 12 May to 28 August. Surrey, who had been unofficially proclaimed \"Champion County\" by sections of the press after the previous season, became the first official champions by winning nine of their fourteen matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028783-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 County Championship, Final table\nOne point was awarded for a win, and one point was taken away for each loss, therefore:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028784-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Crescent Athletic Club football team\nThe 1890 Crescent Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Crescent Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 6\u20134 record (3\u20131 against AFU opponents) and played its home games at Washington Park in Park Slope, Brooklyn, and the Crescent Club grounds in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028784-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Crescent Athletic Club football team\nWilliam H. Ford was the team captain and center rush. Other key players included Harry Beecher at quarterback, Wyllys Terry at halfback, William T. Bull at fullback, and Henry J. Lamarche and Frederick J. Vernon in the rush line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028785-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Danish Folketing election\nFolketing elections were held in Denmark on 21 January 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028786-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Dartmouth football team\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Jweiss11 (talk | contribs) at 21:21, 9 September 2020 (cat sort key). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028786-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Dartmouth football team\nThe 1890 Dartmouth football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1890 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028787-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Delaware gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890. Incumbent Democratic Governor Benjamin T. Biggs was unable to seek a second consecutive term in office. Former State Treasurer Robert J. Reynolds won the Democratic nomination to succeed Biggs, and in the general election, he faced banker Harry A. Richardson, the Republican nominee. In stark contrast to the 1886 election, the Republican Party fully contested the state's elections and a close contest ensued. Reynolds ultimately defeated Richardson by a narrow margin, winning by just 543 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028788-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 East Carmarthenshire by-election\nThe East Carmarthenshire by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of East Carmarthenshire in West Wales in August 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028788-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 East Carmarthenshire by-election, Vacancy\nThe vacancy resulted from the death of the sitting member, David Pugh, who had held the seat since it was formed in 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028788-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 East Carmarthenshire by-election, Selection of Liberal Candidate\nDavid Pugh had announced his intention not to seek re-election some weeks before his death. Therefore moves to select a new candidate were already in place when the vacancy occurred. On July, delegates from the various branches of the Liberal Party on the division met at Llandeilo and it was decided that a series of meetings would be held throughout the constituency to allow the electors to hear the candidates. A large number of candidates were proposed, including Alfred Davies, R.D. Burnie, and the well-known local doctor, Howell Rees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 69], "content_span": [70, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028788-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 East Carmarthenshire by-election, Selection of Liberal Candidate\nA number of meetings were subsequently held which gave the candidates an opportunity to address the electors. Within a few days all had withdrawn with the exception of Gwilym Evans and the Swansea-based lawyer, Abel Thomas. It appeared that Evans was largely supported by the more industrialised parts of the community while Thomas drew most support from the rural areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 69], "content_span": [70, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028788-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 East Carmarthenshire by-election, Selection of Liberal Candidate\nAt these meetings, both candidates expressed support for the mainstream Liberal policies of the day. However, it also became clear from these meetings that there were differences between the candidates. Evans addressed the first meeting at Llandovery predominantly using the Welsh language, which invited a contrast with his opponent's limited knowledge of Welsh. As a result, Thomas felt compelled at a subsequent meeting at Llandeilo to appeal that his lack of fluency in Welsh should not be held to support his opponent. Evans placed himself firmly in the radical camp, supporting Home Rule. emphasizing his prominent role as a member of Carmarthenshire County Council, and stating that he would follow in the footsteps of Mabon, David Randell and Tom Ellis. Thomas, in contrast expressed himself to be an opponent of Home Rule for Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 69], "content_span": [70, 911]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028788-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 East Carmarthenshire by-election, Selection of Liberal Candidate\nIt may well have been that popular momentum would have been behind Gwilym Evans, not least because of his well-known reputation as producer of his famous 'Quinine Bitters'. However, a number of questions were raised about his candidature. It was stated that he owned half a dozen public houses in the constituency. There were claims that he had publicly supported a Conservative candidate, John Jones, at the General Election of 1880. Evans countered by giving his own full version of the episode and stating that Jones had assisted him in gaining a public office. However, more recently it was stated that Evans had opposed the Association in 1886 and taken up a position akin to a Liberal Unionist over Irish Home Rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 69], "content_span": [70, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028788-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 East Carmarthenshire by-election, Selection of Liberal Candidate\nOn 29 July, some three hundred delegates from throughout the constituency gathered at Ammanford to select a candidate. The proceedings were dominated by debates about the eligibility of various delegates to vote but eventually it was agreed to proceed on the basis of the credentials provided for those delegates in attendance. Abel Thomas was selected as Liberal candidate, defeating Gwilym Evans by 170 votes against 121. It was felt that Evans's flirtation with Liberal Unionism may have proved his undoing. As the Cambrian News stated, Wales is determined to have nothing whatever to do with any candidate who in 1886 went over to the Tories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 69], "content_span": [70, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028788-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 East Carmarthenshire by-election, The Conservatives\nThe Conservatives had run Sir Marteine Lloyd of Bronwydd against Pugh at the 1885 General Election but chose not to contest the seat in 1886. After a meeting held at Llandeilo it was resolved not to contest the by-election. In many ways, as the Carmarthen Journal editorial admitted, this was an indication that the Conservatives considered a fight to be hopeless, especially as no preparations had been made.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028788-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 East Carmarthenshire by-election, The Result\nAbel Thomas was therefore declared elected unopposed, being formally nominated at Llandeilo by J.W. Gwynne Hughes of Tregib and the Rev. William Davies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028789-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 East Down by-election\nThe East Down by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of East Down on 25 March 1890. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, Richard William Blackwood Ker of the Conservative party, who had been in Parliament since 1884. Only one candidate was nominated, James Alexander Rentoul, a Conservative member of London County Council who had roots in the area, who was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028790-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 East Galway by-election\nThe East Galway by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of East Galway on 14 May 1890. The vacancy arose because of the death of the sitting member, Matthew Harris of the Irish Parliamentary Party. Only one candidate was nominated, John Roche of the Irish Parliamentary Party, who was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028791-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Eccles by-election\nThe Eccles by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Eccles in Lancashire on 22 October 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028791-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Eccles by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Conservative MP the Hon. Alfred John Francis Egerton on 25 September 1890. Egerton had held the seat at the 1886 general election with a majority of 292 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028791-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Eccles by-election, The candidates and constituency\nThe campaign began immediately following the late MP's funeral on 30 September. There were two candidates:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028791-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Eccles by-election, The candidates and constituency\nThe constituency was described as containing an \"electorate of varied pursuits and interests\", with different areas favourable to each candidate. The Liberals were thought to be strong among the factory workers in Patricroft, Pendlebury and Swinton. Roby's family firm maintained two mills in the area, and he was known to be a popular employer. There was also a large number of Irish voters among the employees of the London and North Western Railway locomotive works in Patricroft likely to be in favour of Home Rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028791-0003-0001", "contents": "1890 Eccles by-election, The candidates and constituency\nIn contrast, the mainly residential town of Eccles was thought to be favourable to the Conservative candidate. The political allegiance of the coal miners of the constituency was uncertain. The Egerton family had been involved in the development and ownership of the collieries, and the Conservatives were confident that this would be sufficient to secure their support. On the other hand, the Liberals, who supported an eight-hour working day, believed they would get the majority of miners' votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028791-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Eccles by-election, The campaign\nRoby's campaign was bolstered by the support of the Irish National League, with a number of Irish MPs visiting the constituency to support him. The miners' associations applied pressure on Egerton to support an eight hours bill. However he came out in opposition to such a move. The Ashton & Haydock and Manchester Miners' Associations subsequently gave their full support to the Liberals. Following the miners' decision it was clear that the momentum was with the Liberals, and the Conservatives \"were beginning to recognise [that Egerton's] name and influence will avail them little\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028791-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Eccles by-election, Polling day\nPolling opened at 8 a.m., with both parties organising transport for their supporters. Rosettes in party colours were widely worn: blue for the Conservatives and red for the Liberals. The Liberals were fearful of personation and employed a large number of scrutineers at the eleven polling stations. Polling was relatively slow until lunch time, when large numbers of navvies and mill-operators voted. There was a heavy poll from 5 p.m. until the close of polls at 8 p.m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028791-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Eccles by-election, Results\nThe votes were counted at Eccles Town Hall, and the result was a gain for the Liberals. This was seen as setback for the Unionist government of Lord Salisbury and a rejection of their Irish policy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028792-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 English cricket season\n1890 was the 104th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and the first in which the County Championship was held as an official competition, following agreement between MCC and the leading county clubs at a meeting in December 1889. Surrey became the first official county champions after winning nine out of fourteen games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028792-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 English cricket season\nIn Test cricket, England, captained by W. G. Grace, defeated Australia in a three-match series by 2\u20130 to win The Ashes. It was the 13th Test series between the sides. William Gunn of Nottinghamshire was the season's highest run-scorer (1,621); George Lohmann of Surrey took the most wickets (220).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028792-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 English cricket season, Ashes tour\nEngland won the three-match Test series 2\u20130. Only two matches were completed as one was abandoned due to persistent heavy rain:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028793-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Epsom Derby\nThe 1890 Epsom Derby was a horse race which took place at Epsom Downs on 2 June 1890. It was the 110th running of the Derby, and it was won by Sainfoin. The winner was ridden by John Watts  and trained by John Porter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028793-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Epsom Derby, Full result\n* The distances between the horses are shown in lengths or shorter. shd = short-head; hd = head; PU = pulled up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028794-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 FA Cup Final\nThe 1890 FA Cup Final was contested by Blackburn Rovers and The Wednesday at the Kennington Oval. Blackburn won 6\u20131, with goals from William Townley (3), Nat Walton, Jack Southworth and Joe Lofthouse. The Wednesday's goal was scored by Albert Mumford. Townley's hat-trick was the first in an FA Cup Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028794-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 FA Cup Final\nHaydn Arthur Morley, who was Wednesday's captain in the final, earned his living as a solicitor. This was the last of seven consecutive and eight total finals that had been officiated by Major Francis Marindin of the Royal Engineers and veteran of the Crimean War. The match set the record for the highest scoring FA Cup Final, later equalled by the 1953 final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028795-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Franklin & Marshall football team\nThe 1890 Franklin & Marshall football team was an American football team that represented Franklin & Marshall College during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled an 8\u20132 record. Its eight victories included games against Penn State (10\u20130) and Lafayette (18\u201310). Its two losses were against Princeton (33\u201316) and Penn (28\u20130). The team played its home games at McGrann's Park in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. William Mann Irvine was the team captain and also played at the fullback position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028796-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Furman Purple Hurricane football team\nThe 1890 Furman Purple Hurricane football team represented the Furman Purple Hurricane of Furman University during the 1890 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028797-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Geneva Covenanters football team\nThe 1890 Geneva Covenanters football team was an American football team that represented Geneva College as an independent during the 1890 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028797-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Geneva Covenanters football team\nLed by head coach William McCracken, the team played only one game, losing to the Western University of Pennsylvania (now known as the University of Pittsburgh) by a score of 10\u20134. The game, played Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, was the first official football victory in Pittsburgh Panthers football history. The Pittsburgh Press summarized the action: \"The football game between the Western University eleven and the Geneva college team at Beaver Falls yesterday resulted in a score of 10 to 4 in favor of the University boys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028797-0001-0001", "contents": "1890 Geneva Covenanters football team\nIn the first half a bad pass gave the ball to Reed, who succeeded in making a touchdown, scoring the only point for the Geneva team. A touchdown by Calvert and a place kick by Griggs gave the University eleven six points. A vigorous push put the ball over the line again bringing the University score up to 10. Although the Geneva boys averaged about 20 pounds more than the University eleven, yet the latter managed to push them all over the field\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028798-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Georgetown football team\nThe 1890 Georgetown football team represented the Georgetown University during the 1890 college football season. Georgetown finished the season with a 3\u20133\u20131 record. During the second game of the season, Columbia AC left the field during the first half with the score 4\u20130 in favor of Georgetown, and forfeited the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028799-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 German federal election\nFederal elections were held in Germany on 20 February 1890. The Centre Party regained its position as the largest party in the Reichstag by winning 107 of the 397 seats, whilst the National Liberal Party, formerly the largest party, was reduced to 38 seats. Despite receiving the most votes, the Social Democratic Party won only 35 seats. Voter turnout was 71.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028800-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Goulburn colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Goulburn on 16 August 1890 because of the death of William Teece (Free Trade).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028800-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Goulburn colonial by-election, Candidates\nThe Goulburn Evening Penny Post described the election as a magnificent triumph for freetrade and a crushing defeat for protection. Antony Green lists both candidates as independents, stating \"neither candidate seemed particularly committed to Free Trade or Protection, the contest being one between two local identities.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028801-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Grand National\nThe 1890 Grand National was the 52nd renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 28 March 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028802-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 14 October 1890. Supporters of Theodoros Deligiannis emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, with 100 of the 150 seats. Deligiannis became Prime Minister for the second time on 5 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028803-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Greensburg Athletic Association season\nThe 1890 Greensburg Athletic Association season was their first season in existence. The team's record for this season is largely unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028804-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Hartley colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Hartley on 26 July 1890 because John Hurley (Free Trade) resigned due to bankruptcy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028805-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1890 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University in the 1890 college football season. The team finished with an 11\u20130 record, shut out nine of eleven opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 555 to 12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028805-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe team also won Harvard's first national championship, receiving retroactive recognition as national champion from the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis. On November 22, Harvard defeated Walter Camp's previously-unbeaten Yale Bulldogs to secure the championship; it was Harvard's first football victory over Yale since 1875. Harvard did not play Princeton (11\u20131\u20131) during the 1890 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028805-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Harvard Crimson football team\nFive Harvard players were selected by Caspar Whitney to the 1890 All-America college football team: quarterback Dudley Dean; halfback John J. Corbett; end Frank Hallowell; center John Cranston; and tackle Marshall Newell. Other players included end and team captain Arthur Cumnock, halfback James P. Lee, Herb Alward, Hiland Orlando Stickney, Bernard Trafford, and tackle Joshua Damon Upton. George A. Stewart and George C. Adams were the team's coaches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028806-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Hastings and Manning colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Hastings and Manning on 5 April 1890 because of the resignation of Charles Roberts (Free Trade) to visit England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028807-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Home Nations Championship\nThe 1890 Home Nations Championship was the eighth series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Six matches were played between 1 February and 15 March. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028807-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Home Nations Championship, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028807-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales v Scotland\nWales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Charlie Thomas (Newport), Arthur Gould (Newport), Dickie Garrett (Penarth), Percy Lloyd (Llanelli), Evan James (Swansea), William Stadden (Cardiff), Frank Hill (Cardiff) capt., Alexander Bland (Cardiff), William Williams (Cardiff), William Bowen (Swansea), John Meredith (Swansea), Walter Rice Evans (Swansea), Jim Hannan (Newport), Stephen Thomas (Llanelli)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028807-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales v Scotland\nScotland: Gregor MacGregor (Cambridge Uni), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish) capt., Henry Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), GR Wilson (Royal HSFP), CE Orr (West of Scotland), Darsie Anderson (London Scottish), W Auld  (West of Scotland), JD Boswell  (West of Scotland), A Dalaglish (Gala), A Duke (Royal HSFP), Frederick Goodhue (London Scottish), MC McEwan (Edinburgh Acads), I MacIntyre (Edinburgh Wands), Robert MacMillan (West of Scotland), JE Orr (West of Scotland)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028807-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England v Wales\nEngland: William Grant Mitchell (Richmond), Piercy Morrison (Cambridge U. ), Andrew Stoddart (Blackheath) capt., James Valentine (Swinton), JF Wright (Bradford), Francis Hugh Fox (Marlborough Nomads), Sammy Woods (Cambridge U. ), JH Dewhurst (Richmond), Richard Budworth (Blackheath), Frank Evershed (Burton), JL Hickson (Bradford), A Robinson (Blackheath), John Rogers (Moseley), Froude Hancock (Blackheath), FW Lowrie (Batley)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028807-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England v Wales\nWales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Charlie Thomas (Newport), Arthur Gould (Newport) capt., Dickie Garrett (Penarth), Percy Lloyd (Llanelli), David Gwynn (Swansea), William Stadden (Cardiff), William Williams (Cardiff), David William Evans (Cardiff), William Bowen (Swansea), John Meredith (Swansea), Alexander Bland (Cardiff), Willie Thomas (London Welsh), Jim Hannan (Newport), Stephen Thomas (Llanelli)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028807-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland v Ireland\nScotland: Gregor MacGregor (Cambridge Uni), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish), Henry Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), GR Wilson (Royal HSFP), CE Orr (West of Scotland), Darsie Anderson (London Scottish), JD Boswell  (West of Scotland), A Duke (Royal HSFP), Frederick Goodhue (London Scottish), HT Ker (Glasgow Acads), MC McEwan (Edinburgh Acads) capt., I MacIntyre (Edinburgh Wands), Robert MacMillan (West of Scotland), DS Morton West of Scotland, JE Orr (West of Scotland)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028807-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland v Ireland\nIreland: HP Gifford (Wanderers), RW Dunlop (Dublin U. ), RW Johnston (Dublin U. ), T Edwards (Landsdowne), RG Warren (Landsdowne) capt., AC McDonnell (Dublin U. ), WJN Davies (Besbrook), EF Doran (Landsdowne), EG Forrest (Wanderers), J Moffat (Belfast Albion), J Waites (Bective Rangers), R Stevenson (Dungannon), J Roche (Wanderers), HA Richey (Dublin U. ), JH O'Conner (Bective Rangers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028807-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland v Wales\nIreland: Dolway Walkington (NIFC), RW Dunlop (Dublin U. ), RW Johnston (Dublin U. ), T Edwards (Landsdowne), RG Warren (Landsdowne) capt., AC McDonnell (Dublin U. ), J Moffat (Belfast Academy), HT Galbraith (Belfast Academy), J Waites (Bective Rangers), JH O'Conner (Bective Rangers), R Stevenson (Dungannon), J Roche (Wanderers), WJN Davis (Bessbrook), EF Doran (Landsdowne), LC Nash (Queen's Co. Cork)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028807-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland v Wales\nWales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Charlie Thomas (Newport), Arthur Gould (Newport) capt., Dickie Garrett (Penarth), George Thomas (Newport), David Gwynn (Swansea), Hugh Ingledew (Cardiff), Frank Hill (Cardiff), David William Evans (Cardiff), William Bowen (Swansea), Alexander Bland (Cardiff), Willie Thomas (London Welsh), Jim Hannan (Newport), Tom Graham (Newport), Rowley Thomas (London Welsh)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028807-0010-0000", "contents": "1890 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland v England\nScotland: Gregor MacGregor (Cambridge Uni), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish) capt., Henry Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), GR Wilson (Royal HSFP), CE Orr (West of Scotland), Darsie Anderson (London Scottish), JD Boswell (West of Scotland), A Dalglish (Gala), Frederick Goodhue (London Scottish), HT Ker (Glasgow Acads), MC McEwan (Edinburgh Acads), I MacIntyre (Edinburgh Wands), Robert MacMillan (West of Scotland), DS Morton West of Scotland, JE Orr (West of Scotland)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028807-0011-0000", "contents": "1890 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland v England\nEngland: William Grant Mitchell (Richmond), Piercy Morrison (Cambridge U. ), Randolph Aston (Cambridge U. ), JW Dyson (Huddersfield), Mason Scott (Northern), Francis Hugh Fox (Marlborough Nomads), Sammy Woods (Cambridge U. ), D Jowett (Heckmondwike), Frank Evershed (Burton), JL Hickson (Bradford) capt., A Robinson (Blackheath), John Rogers (Moseley), H Bedford (Morley), E Holmes (Manningham) J Toothill (Bradford)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028807-0012-0000", "contents": "1890 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England v Ireland\nEngland: William Grant Mitchell (Richmond), Piercy Morrison (Cambridge U. ), Randolph Aston (Cambridge U. ), Andrew Stoddart (Blackheath) capt., Mason Scott (Northern), FW Spence (Birkenhead Park), Frank Evershed (Burton), JL Hickson (Bradford), Sammy Woods (Cambridge U. ), JT Toothill (Bradford), D Jowett (Heckmondwike), John Rogers (Moseley), H Bedford (Morley), E Holmes (Manningham), A Robinson (Blackheath),", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028807-0013-0000", "contents": "1890 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England v Ireland\nIreland: Dolway Walkington (NIFC), RW Dunlop (Dublin U. ), RW Johnston (Dublin U. ), T Edwards (Landsdowne), Benjamin Tuke (Bective Rangers), RG Warren (Landsdowne) capt., JN Lytle (NIFC), EG Forrest (Wanderers), J Waites (Bective Rangers), JH O'Conner (Bective Rangers), R Stevenson (Dungannon), J Roche (Wanderers), WJN Davis (Bessbrook), Victor Le Fanu (Landsdowne), LC Nash (Queen's Co. Cork)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028808-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 House Museum\nThe 1890 House Museum is a historic house located on Tompkins Street in Cortland, New York. It was built in 1890 for industrialist Chester F. Wickwire (1843\u20131910), and was designed by architect Samuel B. Reed. Chester Wickwire lived in the home from 1890 until his death in 1910. He made his fortune by founding and managing the Wickwire Brothers Company in Cortland, NY, which produced wire products such as horse muzzles, seed spreaders, insect screens, and similar products for rural Americans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028808-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 House Museum\nIn 1974, the 1890 House Museum formed a part of the Tompkins Street District's listing on the National Register of Historic Places, and in 1975, the 1890 House became a museum after campaigning from Cortland County leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028808-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 House Museum, History, First Wickwire family, Family\nChester, his wife Ardell, and their sons Charles and Frederic moved into the house on June 1, 1890. After Chester's death in 1910, Ardell Wickwire lived in the house until her death in 1915.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 57], "content_span": [58, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028808-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 House Museum, History, First Wickwire family, Family\nChester was born in McGraw, New York to a farming family, and moved to the city of Cortland at age nineteen. He married Ardell Rouse from Greene, New York on October 2, 1866. They had three children, Raymond, Charles and Frederic. Raymond died at age five of scarlet fever in 1878; his two younger brothers followed their father into the family business.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 57], "content_span": [58, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028808-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 House Museum, History, First Wickwire family, Margaret Stack\nIn addition to the Wickwire family, many servants lived at the mansion. One servant, a twenty one year old Irish cook named Margaret Stack, immigrated from Athea, County Limerick, Ireland in 1904. She arrived on Ellis Island with two of her siblings. Stack worked at the house from 1904 to 1911, after which she moved back to Ireland with her husband, a fellow Irish immigrant named John Lane, who she met in Cortland. Visitors to the house can view Margaret Stack's bedroom and learn about the lives of Victorian servants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 65], "content_span": [66, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028808-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 House Museum, History, Second Wickwire family\nAfter Ardell's death, the house lay dormant for eight years until Frederic moved in with his wife Marion, a local poet. Frederic and Marion made several renovations to the house, reflecting the style and tastes of the 1920s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 50], "content_span": [51, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028808-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 House Museum, History, Second Wickwire family\nFrederic died in 1929, and Marion later remarried local judge C. Leonard O\u2019Connor. Marion Goodrich Wickwire O\u2019Connor outlived her second husband as well, and lived in the house until 1973.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 50], "content_span": [51, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028808-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 House Museum, Wickwire Brothers Factory\nIn 1873, Chester Wickwire received a carpet loom, which he adapted to weave wire instead. In the process, he discovered a cheaper method for manufacturing wire products, and he opened his own factory with his brother, Theodore, which they called the Wickwire Brothers Company. By 1883, they had become the second largest producer of wire goods in the United States, thanks in part to Chester's patents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028808-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 House Museum, Wickwire Brothers Factory\nThe Wickwires hired many immigrants, mainly from Germany, Italy, Russia, and Ireland. The employees worked on an assembly line, which proved to be dangerous. The factory saw seven industrial accidents between 1887 and 1897. In February 1888, a 14-year-old boy lost his toes and part of his foot. In April 1888, one man had his fingers mangled in the gears of a loom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028808-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 House Museum, Museum today\nThe museum offers guided and self-guided tours for visitors, who can view 14 rooms on three floors, as well as a cupola. The 1890 House offers monthly educational programs and special events, and film a monthly YouTube series called WickWired, focusing on the Victorian age and the lives of the Wickwire Family.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028809-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1890 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1890 college football season. The team was the first to represent the University of Illinois. Coached, captained and quarterbacked by Scott Williams, the team was not affiliated with a conference and compiled a 1\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028810-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1890 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 26 November 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028811-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1890 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa during the 1890 college football season. Following Iowa's inaugural season in 1889, two games were scheduled for the Hawkeyes to play in 1890. On October 18, the Hawkeyes played Iowa College in Iowa City, only to lose to the Pioneers for the second time in two games. It was this loss that triggered a dispute amongst people within the University. In an attempt to prove that the best football talent was not on the team, the S.U.I. Medics challenged the varsity squad to a game. Confident, the varsity squad accepted, and lost, 22\u201310. But the loss did not keep Iowa from challenging Iowa Wesleyan, who accepted, under the terms that the game be played in Mount Pleasant, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028811-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nFifteen hundred fans, including John Marshall Harlan and Robert Todd Lincoln, were in attendance for the Thanksgiving Day game. Using rules that made touchdowns worth four points, the Hawkeyes easily won the game in a rout, 91\u20130. The Hawkeyes scored 19 touchdowns and five goals after touchdown while A.G. Smith kicked the first field goal in school history. Today, the game still stands as Iowa's third-largest margin of victory in school history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028812-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Italian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Italy on 23 November 1890, with a second round of voting on 30 November. The \"ministerial\" left-wing bloc emerged as the largest in Parliament, winning 401 of the 508 seats. As in 1886, the election was held using small multi-member constituencies with between two and five seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028812-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Italian general election, Historical background\nFrancesco Crispi was appointed Prime Minister on 29 July 1887. True to his initial progressive leanings he moved ahead with stalled reforms, abolishing the death penalty, revoking anti-strike laws, limiting police powers, reforming the penal code and the administration of justice with the help of his Minister of Justice Giuseppe Zanardelli, reorganising charities and passing public health laws and legislation to protect emigrants that worked abroad. He sought popular support for the state with a programme of orderly development at home and expansion abroad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028812-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Italian general election, Historical background\nHis desire to make Italy a colonial power led to conflicts with France, which rejected Italian claims to Tunisia and opposed Italian expansion elsewhere in Africa. One of his first acts as premier was a visit to the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck, whom he desired to consult upon the working of the Triple Alliance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028812-0002-0001", "contents": "1890 Italian general election, Historical background\nBasing his foreign policy upon the alliance, as supplemented by the naval entente with Great Britain negotiated by his predecessor, Robilant, Crispi assumed a resolute attitude towards France, breaking off the prolonged and unfruitful negotiations for a new Franco-Italian commercial treaty, and refusing the French invitation to organize an Italian section at the Paris Exhibition of 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028812-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Italian general election, Historical background\nCrispi and his Treasury Minister Giovanni Giolitti knew of an 1889 government inspection report about the Banca Romana, which had loaned large sums to property developers but was left with huge liabilities when the real estate bubble collapsed in 1887, but feared that publicity might undermine public confidence and suppressed the report. Forsaken by his Radical friends, Crispi governed with the help of the right until he was overthrown by Antonio Di Rudin\u00ec in February 1891, who was succeeded by Giovanni Giolitti in May 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028813-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Japanese general election\nGeneral elections were held for the first time in Japan on 1 July 1890. Voters elected 300 members of the House of Representatives of the Diet of Japan in what was the first example of a popularly elected national assembly in Asia (as the Ottoman Chamber of Deputies was elected indirectly).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028813-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Japanese general election, Background\nThe elections for the lower house of the Diet were held in accordance with provisions of the new Meiji Constitution, which had been promulgated in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028813-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Japanese general election, Background\nThe elections had limited suffrage, with only male citizens 25 years of age and over, who had paid 15 Japanese Yen or more in national taxes, and who had been resident in their prefecture for at least a year, qualified to vote. The number of eligible voters who met this requirement was 450,872 people out of a total Japanese population of 39,933,478 (1.13%). The high tax requirement meant that voter roles were heavily weighed towards rural landlords and urban entrepreneurs. In terms of social class, 91% were commoners, and 9% were ex-samurai. Residents of the prefectures in Honsh\u016b, Ky\u016bsh\u016b and Shikoku participated; residents in Hokkaid\u014d and Okinawa (as \u201cterritories\u201d) were excluded from this election. About 95% of those eligible to vote actually cast ballots, although there was no penalty for not doing so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 857]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028813-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Japanese general election, Background\nOnly male citizens 30 years of age and over, who were not members of the kazoku peerage or of the imperial family or its branches were allowed to become candidates for office in the lower house. The number of seats in the lower house was 300, divided into 214 single-seat districts and 43 two-seat districts, which were contested by 1,243 candidates. The election went smoothly and without violence reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028813-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Japanese general election, Aftermath\nThe first Diet session was summoned on 25 November; the two opposing forces confronted each other for the first time in the arena of practical Japanese politics. The mint\u014d (liberal parties), which included the Liberal Party, Rikken Kaishint\u014d and their affiliates) held a combined strength of 171 seats, forming a majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028814-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1890 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the 1890 college football season. The Jayhawks had no official coach. Starting center Will Coleman served as an unofficial coach for the team. In just three games of the season, the Jayhawks offense scored 33 points while the defense allowed 52 points and ended with a record of one win and two losses. This was the first season for Kansas Jayhawks football and the first game against Baker marked the first time college football was played in the state of Kansas. The December 8 victory over Baker by a 14\u201312 score was the first victory in the program's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028815-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890. Incumbent Republican Lyman U. Humphrey defeated People's Party nominee John F. Willits with 39.05% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028816-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Kansas vs. Baker football game\nThe 1890 Kansas vs. Baker football game was an American college football game between the Kansas Jayhawks football team of the University of Kansas and the Baker Methodists football (now nicknamed the Wildcats) team of Baker University played on November 22, 1890 in Baldwin City, Kansas. The game ended with Baker winning 22\u20139. It was the first college football game played in the state of Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028817-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1890 Kentucky Derby was the 16th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 14, 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028818-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1890 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the fourth staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028818-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nBennettsbridge won the championship after a 1-04 to 0-01 defeat of Callan in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028819-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Lafayette football team\nThe 1890 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1890 college football season. Playing without a regular coach, the team compiled a 2\u20135\u20131 record and was outscored by a total of 166 to 100. Joseph Fox was the team captain, and G. Harvey was the manager. The team played its home games on The Quad in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028820-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Lake Forest Foresters football team\nThe 1890 Lake Forest Foresters football team represented the Lake Forest College during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 5\u20133 record, shut out two opponents, and outscored their opponents by a total of 176 to 95. After losing their first three games, the Foresters finished their season with a five game win streak and an upset victory over the Wisconsin Badgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028821-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Lehigh football team\nThe 1890 Lehigh football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University in the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 7\u20134 record and outscored opponents by a total of 282 to 125.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028822-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Liechtenstein general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liechtenstein in March and April 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028822-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Liechtenstein general election, Electors\nElectors were selected through elections that were held between 28 March and 3 April. Each municipality had two electors for every 100 inhabitants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028822-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nThe election of Oberland's Landtag members and substitutes was held on 12 April in Vaduz. Of Oberland's 114 electors, 113 were present. Oberland elected seven Landtag members and three substitutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028822-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nThe election of Unterland's Landtag members and substitutes was held on 16 April in Mauren. All of Unterland's 68 electors were present. Unterland elected five Landtag members and two substitutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028823-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1890 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the fourth staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028823-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nSouth Liberties won the championship after a 0-01 to 0-00 defeat of Kilfinane in the final. It was their third championship title overall and their third title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028824-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Saturday 1 November 1890. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028824-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 16, North Toxteth, 19 March 1891\nCaused by the death of Alderman Anthony Bower on 31 January 1891. Following this Councillor Thomas Hughes (Conservative, North Toxteth, elected 1 November 1888)  was elected as an Alderman by the Council on 4 March 1891 resulting in a vacancy in the North Toxteth ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 88], "content_span": [89, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028825-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Louisville Colonels season\nThe 1890 Louisville Colonels baseball team finished with an 88\u201344 record and won the American Association championship. The previous season, the Colonels had lost 111 games, the most any team in the Major Leagues had lost up to that point (the record was broken during the 1890 season by the Pittsburgh Alleghenys, who lost 113 games). This \"worst to first\" transformation was accomplished partly because of new ownership led by Barney Dreyfuss. Competition was also diminished due to the advent of the Players' League and a couple of the best AA teams jumping to the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028825-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Louisville Colonels season\nAfter the season, Louisville played the NL champions, the Brooklyn Bridegrooms, in the 1890 World Series. The Bridegrooms were one of the teams that had jumped to the NL, and had been the champions of the AA in 1889. The World Series wound up in a 3\u20133\u20131 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028825-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028825-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028825-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028825-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Louisville Colonels season, 1890 World Series\nLouisville, champions of the American Association, played the National League champions, the Brooklyn Bridegrooms in the 1890 World Series. The series pitted the two most recent American Association champions against each other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028825-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Louisville Colonels season, 1890 World Series\nThe series winner was to be the first to win four games. Brooklyn started strong, winning the first two games in Louisville, with game 3 called after eight innings with the score tied. Louisville salvaged the fourth game, which was the last one played in Louisville. After Brooklyn won the first game at home to take a 3\u20131 lead, Louisville came back to win two straight. However, bad weather forced any remaining games to be canceled, with the plan that a deciding game would be played before the 1891 season began. However, due to inter-league disputes, that never occurred, and the series officially ended in a 3\u20133\u20131 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto\nThe 1890 Manifesto (also known as the Woodruff Manifesto or the Anti-polygamy Manifesto) is a statement which officially advised against any future plural marriage in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Issued by church president Wilford Woodruff in September 1890, the Manifesto was a response to mounting anti-polygamy pressure from the United States Congress, which by 1890 had disincorporated the church, escheated its assets to the U.S. federal government, and imprisoned many prominent polygamist Mormons. Upon its issuance, the LDS Church in conference accepted Woodruff's Manifesto as \"authoritative and binding.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto\nThe Manifesto was a dramatic turning point in the history of the LDS Church. It advised church members against entering into any marriage prohibited by the law of the land, and made it possible for Utah to become a U.S. state. Nevertheless, even after the Manifesto, the church quietly continued to perform a small number of plural marriages in the United States, Mexico, and Canada, thus necessitating a Second Manifesto during U.S. congressional hearings in 1904. Though neither Manifesto dissolved existing plural marriages, plural marriage in the LDS Church gradually died by attrition during the early-to-mid 20th century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0001-0001", "contents": "1890 Manifesto\nThe Manifesto was canonized in the LDS Church standard works as Official  Declaration 1 and is considered by mainstream Mormons to have been prompted by divine revelation (although not a revelation itself), in which Woodruff was shown that the church would be thrown into turmoil if they did not comply with it. Some Mormon fundamentalists rejected the manifesto.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Background\nThe Manifesto was issued in response to the anti-polygamy policies of the federal government of the United States, and most especially the Edmunds\u2013Tucker Act of 1887. This law disincorporated the LDS Church and authorized the federal government to seize all of the church's assets. The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the provisions of the Edmunds\u2013Tucker Act in Late Corporation of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints v. United States in May 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 26], "content_span": [27, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Background\nIn April 1889, Woodruff, the president of the church, began privately refusing the permission that was required to contract new plural marriages. In October 1889, Woodruff publicly admitted that he was no longer approving new polygamous marriages, and in answer to a reporter's question of what the LDS Church's attitude was toward the law against polygamy, Woodruff stated, \"We mean to obey it. We have no thought of evading it or ignoring it.\" Because it had been Mormon practice for over 25 years to either evade or ignore anti-polygamy laws, Woodruff's statement was a signal that a change in church policy was developing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 26], "content_span": [27, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Background\nIn February 1890, the Supreme Court had already ruled in Davis v. Beason that a law in Idaho Territory which disenfranchised individuals who practiced or believed in plural marriage was constitutional. That decision left the Mormons no further legal recourse to their current marriage practices and made it unlikely that without change Utah Territory would be granted statehood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 26], "content_span": [27, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Background\nWoodruff later said that on the night of September 23, 1890, he received a revelation from Jesus Christ that the church should cease the practice of plural marriage. The following morning, he reported this to some of the general authorities and placed the hand-written draft on a table. George Reynolds would later recount that he, Charles W. Penrose, and John R. Winder modified Woodruff's draft into the current language accepted by the general authorities and presented to the church as a whole. Woodruff announced the Manifesto on September 25 by publishing it in the church-owned Deseret Weekly in Salt Lake City. On October 6, 1890, it was formally accepted by the church membership, though many held reservations or abstained from voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 26], "content_span": [27, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Background\nUtah ratified its constitution in November 1895 and granted statehood on January 4, 1896. One of the conditions for granting Utah statehood was that a ban on polygamy be written into their state constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 26], "content_span": [27, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Text\nPress dispatches having been sent for political purposes, from Salt Lake City, which have been widely published, to the effect that the Utah Commission, in their recent report to the Secretary of the Interior, allege that plural marriages have been contracted in Utah since last June or during the past year, also that in public discourses the leaders of the Church have taught, encouraged and urged the continuance of the practice of polygamy\u2014", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 20], "content_span": [21, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Text\nI, therefore, as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, do hereby, in the most solemn manner, declare that these charges are false. We are not teaching polygamy or plural marriage, nor permitting any person to enter into its practice, and I deny that either forty or any other number of plural marriages have during that period been solemnized in our Temples or in any other place in the Territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 20], "content_span": [21, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Text\nOne case has been reported, in which the parties allege that the marriage was performed in the Endowment House, in Salt Lake City, in the Spring of 1889, but I have not been able to learn who performed the ceremony; whatever was done in this matter was without my knowledge. In consequence of this alleged occurrence the Endowment House was, by my instructions, taken down without delay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 20], "content_span": [21, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0010-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Text\nInasmuch as laws have been enacted by Congress forbidding plural marriages, which laws have been pronounced constitutional by the court of last resort, I hearby declare my intention to submit to those laws, to use my influence with the members of the Church over which I preside to have them do likewise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 20], "content_span": [21, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0011-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Text\nThere is nothing in my teachings to the Church or in those of my associates, during the time specified, which can be reasonably construed to inculcate or encourage polygamy; and when any Elder of the Church has used language which appeared to convey such teaching, he has been promptly reproved. And I now publicly declare that my advice to the Latter-day Saints is to refrain from contracting any marriage forbidden by the law of the land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 20], "content_span": [21, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0012-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Text\nPresident of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 20], "content_span": [21, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0013-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Formal acceptance by the LDS Church\nLess than a month after the Manifesto was issued, the LDS Church used the procedure of common consent to make it binding upon church members. At a general conference of the church in Salt Lake City on October 6, 1890, the Manifesto was read, after which Lorenzo Snow, the president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, made the following motion:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 51], "content_span": [52, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0014-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Formal acceptance by the LDS Church\nI move that, recognizing Wilford Woodruff as the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and the only man on the earth at the present time who holds the keys of the sealing ordinances, we consider him fully authorized by virtue of his position to issue the Manifesto which has been read in our hearing, and which is dated September 1890, and that as a Church in General Conference assembled, we accept his declaration concerning plural marriages as authoritative and binding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 51], "content_span": [52, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0015-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Formal acceptance by the LDS Church\nThe conference proceedings recorded that \"the vote to sustain the foregoing motion was unanimous.\" However, a modern author reports that \"at least some voted against the Manifesto and perhaps a majority abstained\". Some members, including apostle Moses Thatcher, only reluctantly supported the Manifesto and interpreted it as a sign that the Second Coming of Jesus was imminent, after which plural marriage would be reinstated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 51], "content_span": [52, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0016-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, New plural marriages vs. existing plural marriages\nThe Manifesto was the end of official church authorization for the creation of new plural marriages that violated local laws. It had no effect on the status of already existing plural marriages, and plural marriages continued to be performed in locations where it was believed to be legal. As Woodruff explained at the general conference where the Manifesto was accepted by the church, \"[t]his Manifesto only refers to future marriages, and does not affect past conditions. I did not, I could not, and would not promise that you would desert your wives and children. This you cannot do in honor.\" Despite Woodruff's explanation, some church leaders and members who were polygamous did begin to live with only one wife. However, the majority of Mormon polygamists continued to cohabit with their plural wives in violation of the Edmunds Act.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 66], "content_span": [67, 907]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0017-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Aftermath and post-Manifesto plural marriage\nWithin six years of the announcement of the Manifesto, Utah had become a state and federal prosecution of Mormon polygamists subsided. However, Congress still refused to seat representatives-elect who were polygamists, including B. H. Roberts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 60], "content_span": [61, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0018-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Aftermath and post-Manifesto plural marriage\nD. Michael Quinn and other Mormon historians have documented that some church apostles covertly sanctioned plural marriages after the Manifesto. This practice was especially prevalent in Mexico and Canada because of an erroneous belief that such marriages were legal in those jurisdictions. However, a significant minority were performed in Utah and other western American states and territories. The estimates of the number of post-Manifesto plural marriages performed range from scores to thousands, with the actual figure probably close to 250. Today, the LDS Church officially acknowledges that although the Manifesto \"officially ceased\" the practice of plural marriage in the church, \"the ending of the practice after the Manifesto was ... gradual.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 60], "content_span": [61, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0019-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Aftermath and post-Manifesto plural marriage\nRumors of post-Manifesto marriages surfaced and began to be examined by Congress in the Reed Smoot hearings. In response, church president Joseph F. Smith issued a \"Second Manifesto\" in  1904 which reaffirmed the church's opposition to the creation of new plural marriages and threatened excommunication for Latter-day Saints who continued to enter into  or solemnize new plural marriages. Apostles John W. Taylor and Matthias F. Cowley both resigned from the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles due to disagreement with the church's position on plural marriage. Plural marriage in violation of local law continues to be grounds for excommunication from the LDS Church.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 60], "content_span": [61, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0020-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Aftermath and post-Manifesto plural marriage\nThe cessation of plural marriage within LDS Church gave rise to the Mormon fundamentalist movement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 60], "content_span": [61, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0021-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Evolution of Latter-day Saint views on the Manifesto\nThe Manifesto has been canonized by the LDS Church, and its text appears in the Doctrine and Covenants, one of the church's books of scripture. However, when the Manifesto was issued, it was not apparent that Woodruff or the other leaders of the LDS Church viewed it as the result of a divine revelation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 68], "content_span": [69, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0022-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Evolution of Latter-day Saint views on the Manifesto\nApproximately one year after he declared the Manifesto, Woodruff began to claim that he had received instructions from Jesus Christ that formed the basis of what he wrote in the text of the Manifesto. These instructions were reportedly accompanied by a vision of what would occur if the Manifesto were not issued.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 68], "content_span": [69, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028826-0023-0000", "contents": "1890 Manifesto, Evolution of Latter-day Saint views on the Manifesto\nFollowing Woodruff's death in 1898, other church leaders began to teach that the Manifesto was the result of a revelation of God. Since that time, church leaders have consistently taught that the Manifesto was inspired of God. In 1908, the Manifesto was printed in the LDS Church's Doctrine and Covenants for the first time, and it has been included in every edition since. A non-Mormon observer of the church has stated that \"[t]here is no question that, from a doctrinal standpoint, President Woodruff's Manifesto now has comparable status with [Joseph Smith's] revelations in the Doctrine and Covenants\". Similarly, another writer has stated bluntly that \"contemporary Latter-day Saints regard the Manifesto as a revelation\". The Manifesto is currently published as \"Official Declaration 1\" in the Doctrine and Covenants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 68], "content_span": [69, 893]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028827-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1890 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1890 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 1\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028828-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890. Incumbent Republican Governor John Q. A. Brackett ran for re-election to a second term in office, but was defeated by Democratic Mayor of Cambridge William Russell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028829-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 111th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1890 during the governorship of John Q. A. Brackett. Henry H. Sprague served as president of the Senate and William Emerson Barrett served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028830-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Melbourne Cup\nThe 1890 Melbourne Cup was a two mile Group One handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 4 November 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028830-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Melbourne Cup\nThis was the largest ever cup field with 39 runners. It was trainer Walter Hickenbotham's second out of four cup wins. The winner, Carbine, carried the top weight of 10 st 5 lb (65.75 kg).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1890 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented the University of Michigan in the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 4\u20131 record and outscored its opponents by a combined score of 129 to 36. The team's sole loss was to Cornell in the final game of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe team had no coach, and its captain was William C. Malley. George P. Codd, who later served as the Mayor of Detroit and in the United States Congress, was the team's manager. George Jewett, who played at the fullback and halfback positions, was the team's leading scorer with 50 points on 11 touchdowns (four points each) and three kicks for goal from touchdown (two points each). Jewett was also the first African American to play football at Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nThe team had no coach during its 1890 season. Practice sessions began in late September under the leadership of the team's captain William C. Malley. One of the new features introduced by Malley during the pre-season practice was the \"V\" formation used successfully in the East. The U. of M. Daily noted: \"[T]he spectators have had many a laugh as the boys would form an invincible V and split the wind with it, but if they had nothing but the wind to buck against, they have at least been learning to stand shoulder to shoulder.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nMalley ran announcements in the student newspaper inviting interested players to try out for the team. In the days leading up to the first game, football practice was conducted on campus at 4:20\u00a0p.m. each day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nHorace Greely Prettyman provided a training table at which football candidates could eat supper, and a bath and dressing room for use by the football players was established in the basement of the medical building.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nTwo new players stood out in the pre-season practice sessions: halfback George Jewett, who had \"played a rattling game\" for Ann Arbor High School in 1889; and center Thomas L. Chadbourne, who had played center for Phillips Exeter Academy in 1889. Although Jewett in 1890 became the first African American to play football for Michigan, no mention of his race is found in the pre-season coverage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nBy mid-October 1890, as the football season began, the University of Michigan had an enrollment of 2,246 students. The U. of M. Daily expressed concern when \"only about a dozen men were out for foot-ball practice\" on October 6, five days before the opening game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nOn October 14, 1890, an open meeting was held by the school's Rugby Association (the football team's governing body at that time) to discuss the future of, and funding for, the football team. Only 27 students attended the meeting. A letter published in the U. of M. Daily reported that all of the association's officers were absent, though captain William C. Malley presided in a praiseworthy manner. The letter's author expressed concern over the lack of spirit for the football team among the school's students: \"Now, this is deplorable! It is discouraging to those few U. of M. patriots who have trained so faithfully under Captain Malley's direction for the past two weeks.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nMichigan opened its season on October 11, 1890, with a 56\u201310 victory over the team from Albion College. The game began at 3:00\u00a0p.m. before a crowd of approximately 350 persons at the Fair Grounds in Ann Arbor. The game marked the first appearance of an African-American, George Jewett, for a Michigan football team. In his debut, Jewett scored four touchdowns and kicked two goals for touchdown to account for 20 of Michigan's points. According to the U. of M. Daily, \"Jewett's running was the feature of the game.\" James Van Inwagen also scored three touchdowns, and Horace Greely Prettyman, Lawrence Grosh, and Sutherland each scored one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nDespite the lopsided score, The Chronicle-Argonaut was critical of the team's performance: \"Last Saturday's game with Albion showed quite conclusively that our foot ball players are not yet in the best of form. Though the score was 56\u201310 in our favor, still Albion ought not to have scored at all and our men should have made more points, if we expect to hold our own when we meet a team that can play. The men did not play with their heads, were very weak in blocking and did not follow the ball as they should have done, nor did they respond to signals readily enough.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0010-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nMichigan's lineup against Albion was Roger Sherman (left end), S. Sherman (left tackle), Trainer (left guard), Chadbourne (center), Sutherland (right guard), Malley (right tackle), James Van Inwagen (right end), Abbott (quarterback), George Jewett and Lawrence Grosh (halfbacks), and George Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0011-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Detroit Athletic Club\nOn October 18, 1890, Michigan defeated the Detroit Athletic Club (D.A.C.) Triangles, 38\u20130, before a crowd of approximately 250 persons in Detroit. A steady rain began to fall at 2:00 in the afternoon and continued intermittently throughout the game, which started at 3:50\u00a0p.m. The first half was 45 minutes. Michigan used a wedge or \"V\" formation with center Thomas L. Chadbourne as the fulcrum; the Detroit Free Press described Chadbourne as a huge man who shook off D.A.C. players \"as he would drops of water.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0012-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Detroit Athletic Club\nIn the first half, William C. Malley and George Jewett each scored two touchdowns, Jewett converted on one of four kicks for goal, and Michigan led, 18\u20130, at halftime. In the second half, darkness and steady rain made it difficult to see the game from the stands. Michigan scored four more touchdowns (three by Jewett and one by Chadbourne) and kicked two goals from touchdown. David Trainer of Michigan was kicked out of the game for \"shin kicking.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0012-0001", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Detroit Athletic Club\nOne published account of the game noted: \"Jewett's play was a revelation to the Detroiters and his work was fully up to standard. . . . A detailed account of the game is unnecessary since it was simply a series of rushes, touchdowns and trials at goals by the U. of M., the latter generally unsuccessful by reason of the rain, which prevented any brilliant playing.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0013-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Detroit Athletic Club\nFootball was still a novelty in Detroit, and the Detroit Free Press wrote: \"Detroit is not educated up to a proper appreciation of the game of foot ball, and it is questionable if that event will ever come about. . . .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0013-0001", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Detroit Athletic Club\nThe visitors mopped the field with our fellows, and created in the minds of spectators a very unfavorable impression of the sport: for what is the use of playing a game, if, every time a man tries to do something meritorious, 1,600 pounds of Ann Arbor intellectuality tumbles on him like an avalanche and bores him into the earth in search of a vein of crude oil?\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0014-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Detroit Athletic Club\nMichigan's starting lineup against D.A.C. was Roger Sherman (left end), S. Sherman (left tackle), Clark J. Sutherland (left guard), Thomas L. Chadbourne (center), David Trainer Jr. (right guard), William C. Malley (right tackle), Thomas L. McKean (right end), George S. Holden (quarterback), George Jewett (left halback), Lawrence C. Grosh (right halfback), and George Dygert (fullback). William Pearson appeared after Trainer was ejected from the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0015-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nOn October 25, 1890, Michigan defeated Albion, 16\u20130, at Albion, Michigan. On Michigan's opening possession, George Jewett led a drive with gains of 10, 5, and 20 yards. Lawrence Grosh carried the ball for a touchdown, and Michigan led, 4\u20130. A short time later, Grosh scored again with Michigan playing in a \"V\" formation. Jewett kicked a goal, and Michigan led, 10\u20130 at halftime. Shortly before the end of the first half, Albion scored on a long touchdown run by its halfback Anderson, but the referee ruled that the ball was not properly passed in. In the second half, Jewett scored a touchdown on the longest run of the game and kicked the goal to extend the lead to 16\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0016-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nAfter Jewett's long touchdown run, Albion had the ball. At the end of a scrimmage, the umpire (Albion's manager) blew his whistle to disqualify Michigan's center Thomas L. Chadbourne for slugging. At that time, Albion's quarterback Burnham emerged from the crowd and ran the distance of the field with the ball. The referee (Van Nortwick, '93, of Michigan) ruled that time had been called before Burnham's run and ordered the ball brought back. Albion refused and claimed that Burnham had scored a touchdown. Having had two touchdowns disallowed, Albion refused to play further, though 25 minutes remained in the game. The game was then declared a forfeit with the score 16\u20130 in Michigan's favor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0017-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nMichigan's starting lineup against Albion was Roger Sherman (left end), William W. Pearson (left tackle), David Trainer Jr. (left guard), Chadbourne (center), Clark J. Sutherland (right guard), William C. Malley (right tackle), Thomas L. McKean (right end), George S. Holden (quarterback), Jewett (halback), Grosh (halfback), and George Dygert (fullback). Roger Sherman was disqualified in the second half and replaced by Sam Sherman; Sutherland was also disqualified and replaced by McMorran. Bert Carr who later played for Michigan was the starting left guard for Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0018-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Purdue\nOn November 1, 1890, Michigan defeated Purdue by a 34\u20136 score at the Fair Grounds in Ann Arbor. The game began at 3:10\u00a0p.m. Lawrence Grosh scored Michigan's first two touchdowns, but the kicks for goal from touchdown were unsuccessful. Michigan led, 8\u20130. George Jewett scored Michigan's third touchdown, and the goal was kicked to extend the lead to 14\u20130. Near the end of the half, Purdue scored a touchdown and kicked goal to narrow Michigan's halftime lead to 14\u20136. In the second half, Grosh scored two touchdowns, and James E. Duffy and William C. Malley each scored one. Duffy also kicked a goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0019-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Purdue\nThe game was the first between two football programs that would later become members of the Big Ten Conference. It received a total of six lines of coverage in the Detroit Free Press. The newspaper noted: \"The game was hotly contested. James E. Duffy, the famous halfback of the team of '88 and '89, played in the game, relieving Jewett, who was injured.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0020-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Purdue\nMichigan's lineup against Purdue was Roger Sherman (left end), Pearson (left tackle), Trainer (left guard), Chadbourne (center), S. Sherman (right guard), Malley (right tackle), McKeon (right end), Holden (quarterback), Jewett, Grosh, and Duffy (halfbacks), and George Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0021-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Cornell\nOn November 15, 1890, Michigan lost to Cornell by a 20\u20135 score before a crowd of at least 2,000 persons at Recreation Park in Detroit. A special train carried 850 Michigan students, including 50 co-eds, from Ann Arbor to Detroit. The U. of M. Daily called it the largest delegation ever to travel from Ann Arbor in support of a Michigan sporting team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0022-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Cornell\nThe game began at approximately 3:00 p.m. Early in the game, George Jewett returned a punt through the whole Cornell team for a touchdown, but the touchdown was disallowed on the ground that a Michigan player (William C. Malley) was offside when the ball was snapped. Halfback Ray of Cornell then scored a touchdown, but Cornell missed the kick for goal and took a 4\u20130 lead. Osgood, another Cornell halfback, scored a second touchdown, fullback Bacon kicked goal, and Cornell led, 10\u20130, at halftime. In the second half, Cornell scored two more touchdowns, including one score on a blocked Michigan punt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0023-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Cornell\nLate in the game, Michigan scored five points on a drop-kicked field goal by James E. Duffy \"from the sixty-yard mark.\" The Cornell Sun expressed amazement at Duffy's kick: \"Osgood and Bacon exchange kicks with Duffy, who makes a fair catch at the 50-yard line. From this catch Duffy made the most brilliant play of the afternoon and probably the most difficult of its kind ever made on a foot-ball field. Cornell did not expect a drop-kick for goal and everybody was surprised to see the attempt and more surprised at its result.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0024-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Cornell\nCornell was aware of Michigan's strategy of focusing its attack through the center, Thomas L. Chadbourne, and stopped Michigan's attack by massing its players at the center. The U. of M. Daily was critical of Michigan for not varying the attack with end runs and quick punts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0024-0001", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Cornell\nThe Daily also accused the umpire of prejudice against Michigan for (i) fabricating an off-side penalty to disallow Jewett's long run for touchdown, and (ii) then unfairly disqualifying Jewett, the one Michigan player who was having success in breaking through Cornell's line, even though Jewett was \"the very last man on the team to be suspected of intentional rough play.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0025-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Cornell\nMichigan's lineup against Cornell was Roger Sherman (left end), Horace Greely Prettyman (left tackle), David Trainer Jr. (left guard), Chadbourne (center), Clark J. Sutherland (right guard), Malley, William W. Harless, and William W. Pearson (right tackle), Thomas L. McKean (right end), George S. Holden (quarterback), Duffy and Malley (halfback), Lawrence C. Grosh (halfback), and Jewett and Duffy (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0026-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season\nAfter losing to Cornell, Michigan cancelled a game that had been scheduled with DePauw for November 22. The team's management that the benefit of a game with \"a somewhat weak team\" was outweighed by the expense to be incurred in bringing the DePauw team to Ann Arbor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0027-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season\nThe U. of M. Daily noted improvement in the performance of the 1890 team over the 1889 team. Whereas the 1889 team had lost to Cornell by more than 50 points, the 1890 team lost by only 15 points. Stung by criticism in The Cornell Sun of Michigan's performance, the Daily vowed that the team would play Cornell even better in 1891, \"for we propose to start the season early, employ a coach, take an eastern practice trip, and learn the game of which we 'do not know the first principles' in the opinion of the Cornell Sun.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0028-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Varsity letter winners\nThe following 13 players received varsity letters for their participation on the 1890 Michigan football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028831-0029-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Others\nAdditional players included on Michigan's 1890 roster include the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028832-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890. Democratic nominee Edwin B. Winans defeated Republican candidate James M. Turner with 46.18% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028833-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Mid Durham by-election\nThe 1890 Mid Durham by-election was held on 17 July 1890 after the death of the incumbent Liberal-Labour MP William Crawford. The seat was retained by the Liberal-Labour candidate John Wilson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028834-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Mid Tipperary by-election\nThe Mid Tipperary by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Mid Tipperary on 15 May 1890. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, Thomas Mayne of the Irish Parliamentary Party. Only one candidate was nominated, Henry Harrison of the Irish Parliamentary Party, who was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028835-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1890 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1890 college football season. It was the only season under head coach Tom Eck and featured the historic first meeting between Minnesota and Wisconsin, the most-played rivalry at the top level of NCAA college football. The two teams have played each other every year since then except for 1906. That game was canceled by President Theodore Roosevelt who had decided to \"cool off heated college football rivalries because of injuries and deaths on the field.\" The game was a decisive 63-0 Minnesota win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028835-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nCoach Eck  started holding signal drills before each game and established a training table. This is considered to be the start of \"scientific football\" at Minnesota. He also acted as the team's trainer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028835-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe week before that game, Minnesota took on Grinnell in Minneapolis, the first out-of-state opponent in Minnesota football history. The game was a hard fought 18-13 Minnesota victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028835-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe Ariel declared this team to be the \"champions of the northwest\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028835-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Roster\nHorace R. Robinson (captain), William C. Leary, George K. Belden, J.A. Harris, S.S. Start, Grant B. Rossman, Eugene L. Patterson, William C. Muir, George C. Sikes, Alf F. Pillsbury, Harry E. White, Charles E. Guthrie, James E. Madigan, David R. Burbank, Everhard P. Harding; Trainer Tom Eck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 51], "content_span": [52, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election\nThe 1890 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 4, 1890, to elect members to the Senate of the 27th and 28th Minnesota Legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election\nThe Minnesota Republican Party won a plurality of seats, followed by the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmers' Alliance. The new Legislature convened on January 6, 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election\nThe election resulted in Republicans losing control of the Senate for the first time since 1858 when Minnesota was granted statehood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election, Background\nIn the late 1800s, Minnesota was one of the nation's most consistently Republican states, and conservative dominance extended to the State Senate as well. Since 1860, Republicans were the preeminent caucus in the Senate, not once losing a majority in the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election, Background\nThat being said, in the years leading up to 1890, Minnesota had emerged as a center of the Farmers' Alliance, a progressive agrarian movement. At the 1886 election, two members of the Alliance had taken seats from the Republicans, foreshadowing the 1890 result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election, Background\nIt was not uncommon for local Alliance organizations to endorse members of the two major parties if their values were aligned, though it was more likely for Alliance groups to endorse known Democrats than Republicans. The same is true of the Prohibition Party and other groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election, Background\nIn St. Paul, a group of 100 local power brokers, 50 from either major party, assembled in August of 1890 with the intention of nominating a \"Citizens' Ticket\" for Ramsey County. The \"committee of 100\" hoped that local Democratic and Republican organizations would endorse their unity ticket, which they did in most cases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election, Background\nIn western Minnesota, two candidates were endorsed as the \"Peoples'\" candidates. It is unclear if these endorsements were related as part of a broader organization or if the \"Peoples'\" designation was only of local significance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election, Background\nThree Republicans who lost their party's endorsement ran as Independent Republicans and won, then caucused as Republicans in the Senate. Two Democrats, one endorsed and one unendorsed, ran in the 36th District of Scott County. The endorsed candidate, James McHale, won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election, Background\nPrior to the 1890 election, the Minnesota Senate had 47 seats. A redistricting undertaken in 1889 added 7 seats, bringing the total to 54. In particular, Hennepin and Ramsey Counties as well as western and northern Minnesota gained new seats. Goodhue County lost a seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0010-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election, Results, Summary\nRepublicans won 26 seats, two short of the 28 needed to control the chamber. The Democratic Party and Farmers' Alliance won a combined 28 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0011-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election, Results, Summary\nDue to the fact that numerous candidates were endorsed by more than one party, it is impossible to calculate how many people voted for each party without counting votes multiple times. It can be said, however, that Republicans had certainly not won such a small percentage of the vote since Minnesota had been granted statehood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0012-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election, Results, District results\nThe parties are as follows: \u00a0\u00a0Alliance (All. ), \u00a0\u00a0Citizen's Ticket (Cit. ), \u00a0\u00a0Democratic (Dem. ), \u00a0\u00a0Independent (Ind. ), \u00a0\u00a0Labor (Lab. ), \u00a0\u00a0People's Ticket (Peo. ), \u00a0\u00a0Prohibition (Pro. ), \u00a0\u00a0Republican (Rep.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0013-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election, Aftermath\nWhen the new legislature met in January of 1891, a flurry of activity and political dealmaking led to strange arrangement of power in St. Paul. The 1891 session opened by Republican Lieutenant Governor Gideon Ives, and was swiftly moved to recess for three hours. In this time, Ignatius Donnelly organized the Democratic and Alliance members into a caucus (known as the \"Combine\") with him as its leader. To the great surprise of Republicans, the caucus was able to topple all their nominations for officers of the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0014-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election, Aftermath\nBy custom, Lieutenant Governor Ives would each day pass the president's gavel to Republican Senator John B. Sanborn to serve as president pro tempore (i.e., temporary) of the Senate. The Combine never elected a president of their own, making Sanborn the de facto president of the Senate until the start of the 1895 session.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028836-0015-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota Senate election, Aftermath\nThe result in the 23rd District of Washington County was contested in late January of 1891. The originally certified results counted Republican Jasper N. Searles as the winner by 4 votes, but after a tabulation discrepancy was discovered in Marine Township, Democrat James S. O'Brien was awarded the seat by the Senate's vote of 32 to 21 on January 29, 1891. This expanded the Combine's majority to 29 over the Republicans' 25 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028837-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1890. Republican Party of Minnesota incumbent William Rush Merriam defeated Democratic Party of Minnesota challenger Thomas Wilson and Farmers' Alliance candidate Sidney M. Owen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028838-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1890 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri as an independent during the 1890 college football season. In the school's first season of intercollegiate football, the team was led by head coach A. L. McRae and compiled a 2\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028839-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Namoi colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Namoi on 31 July 1890 because of the death of Tom Dangar (Free Trade).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028839-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Namoi colonial by-election, Candidates\nBoth men were supporters of the former member Tom Dangar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028840-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Nashville Garnet and Blue football team\nThe 1890 Nashville Garnet and Blue football team represented the University of Nashville during the 1890 college football season. The team played only one game, in Nashville, Tennessee, sending a challenge to Vanderbilt University. Vanderbilt played its first game, and won 40\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028841-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 National League of Baseball of Great Britain\nThe 1890 National League of Baseball of Great Britain was the first, and to date only, professional baseball championship for the national baseball title of Great Britain. The National League's headquarters were located at 38 Holborn Viaduct, London. Aston Villa were the National League champions, despite Derby Baseball Club leading the league for much of the season, following their contentious dismissal from the championship, mid-season. Aston Villa were officially known as Birmingham Baseball Club Limited, with their uniforms emblazoned with \u2018Birmingham AV\u2019 on the jersey, despite being officially part of the famous football club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028841-0000-0001", "contents": "1890 National League of Baseball of Great Britain\nAs a result, in some reports of the day, they were referred to as Birmingham. Preston Amateurs were the Amateur League champions, beating Birmingham Amateurs 43-15 and 42\u20137 in a best of three finals. A large number of leading football and cricket professionals of the era were involved, alongside American professional baseball players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028841-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 National League of Baseball of Great Britain, Champions, National League final standings\nDerby Baseball Club expelled from the National League championship mid-season, record expunged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 93], "content_span": [94, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028841-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 National League of Baseball of Great Britain, Rosters, Preston North End\nW. Livesey was a sprinter of some regional notoriety who played as a reserve for Preston North End, local rugby union and as a professional baseball player for Preston North End. He was killed in 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 77], "content_span": [78, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028841-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 National League of Baseball of Great Britain, Rosters, Stoke\nEdgar Montford was one of two footballing brothers who played for Stoke City in the era, Edgar was part of the Stoke City football squad of 1889-90 so it is assumed this was the brother who was a professional baseball player in the same year. Harry Montford had left Stoke City for Leek by 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 65], "content_span": [66, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028842-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1890 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 5\u20131\u20131 record and outscored its opponents 204 to 49. The season featured the inaugural meeting in the Army\u2013Navy Game, which ended in a 24\u20130 victory for Navy. After the victory, Navy cadets in Annapolis \"fired twenty-four great guns, and then paraded the streets with horns.\" Charles Emrich was the Navy team captain in 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028843-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team\nThe 1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team represented the University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln in the 1890 college football season. It was the Cornhuskers' first season. The team was unofficially coached by Langdon Frothingham, though his actual role is unclear. Nebraska played no home games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028843-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team\nFrothingham suffered a broken leg while participating in a practice scrimmage prior to NU's game against Doane. After spending just one year teaching at Nebraska, he was hired at the Veterinary College of Dresden, and later at Yale's Sheffield Scientific School, before returning to Boston to teach at Harvard from 1901 until his retirement in 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028843-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team\nHaving won both games against the only other viable Nebraska-based teams, the Old Gold Knights claimed what amounted to a state championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028843-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Before the season\nNebraska fielded its first football team in 1890. Dr. Langdon Frothingham, a veterinary physician and graduate of Harvard who was hired in 1889 to teach physiology, agriculture, and bacteriology, coached the team, mainly because he had brought a football with him from the East Coast. It is unclear if Frothingham traveled with the team to either of their two games, but it is known that he broke his leg preparing with the team for their second game, which actually took place in February of 1891. If Frothingham did attend the game, he would have been on crutches, but it is possible he had already left the university to teach in Dresden by then.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 63], "content_span": [64, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028843-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Omaha YMCA\nThe University of Nebraska fielded their first football team, at the time without an official name, against the Omaha YMCA, on November 27, 1890. Approximately 500 students from the Lincoln campus were in attendance, a significant contingent given the transportation options available for a 55-mile journey. Early American football games were divided into two halves instead of four quarters, with four-point touchdowns and two-point \"field kicks\" after touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 72], "content_span": [73, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028843-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Omaha YMCA\nOmaha started the game with possession and drove 40 yards before fumbling to Nebraska. Nebraska failed to capitalize, coming as close as one yard from the end zone before a penalty meant the drive resulted in no points. Omaha's subsequent possession ended early when an attempt to kick the ball out of the end zone failed and the kicker was tackled for a safety by Charles Chandler and James Porterfield, marking Nebraska's first-ever points scored and putting them ahead 2\u20130. After several possession changes, Nebraska came close enough to try for a field goal. However, the play was executed as a drop-kick, and although it went through the uprights it was ruled as a punt by officials, and no points were awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 72], "content_span": [73, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028843-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Omaha YMCA\nNebraska soon after forced an Omaha fumble in their end zone, but Omaha recovered it to prevent the touchdown, instead suffering another safety which brought the scoreboard to 4\u20130 Nebraska. After a third safety early in the second half, Nebraska led 6\u20130. The teams traded several more scoreless possession until Nebraska's Albert Troyer broke through the line and scored a touchdown to put Nebraska up 10\u20130, and time expired soon afterward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 72], "content_span": [73, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028843-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Omaha YMCA\nThe YMCA's team colors were white and red, a pairing that would eventually be adopted by Nebraska. A local newspaper mentioned a rematch game in Lincoln a few weeks later, but it was not played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 72], "content_span": [73, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028843-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Doane\nThe Nebraska football team, now christened the \"Old Gold\" and eventually remembered as the \"Old Gold Knights\", played the second and final game of the program's first season against Doane College in Crete, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 67], "content_span": [68, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028843-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Doane\nNebraska's started the game with a 50-yard pass to Ebenezer Mockett, and a subsequent 25-yard touchdown run by Oliver. The field kick was good and Nebraska was ahead 6\u20130. Later in the half, Oliver scored another touchdown, but the field kick failed and Nebraska led 10\u20130. Just before halftime, Ebenezer Mockett rushed for another touchdown to put Nebraska up 14\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 67], "content_span": [68, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028843-0010-0000", "contents": "1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Doane\nBoth teams struggled in the second half, resulting in numerous kicks and fumbles as the teams traded possession. Eventually, Doane's kicker dropped the ball in the endzone, and it was recovered by James Porterfield for another Nebraska touchdown. Again, the field kick failed, and the score remained 18\u20130 until time expired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 67], "content_span": [68, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028844-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 New Brunswick general election\nThe 1890 New Brunswick general election was held on 20 January 1890, to elect 41 members to the 27th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The election was held before the adoption of party labels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028844-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 New Brunswick general election\nThe government of Andrew George Blair was able to remain in power with the support of Independent MLAs. Of forty-one MLAs, twenty-six supported the government, and fifteen formed the opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028845-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 New Hampshire gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890. Republican nominee Hiram A. Tuttle defeated Democratic nominee Charles H. Amsden with 49.26% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028846-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 New Year Honours\nThe New Year Honours 1890 were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours of the United Kingdom and British India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028846-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 New Year Honours\nThey were announced in The Times on 1 January 1890, and the various honours were gazetted in The London Gazette on 1 January 1890 and on 7 January 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028846-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed or referred to as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by honour and where appropriate by rank (Knight Grand Cross, Knight Commander etc.) then division (Military, Civil).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028847-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 New York Athletic Club football team\nThe 1890 New York Athletic Club football team was an American club football team that represented the New York Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1890 football season. The New York team played their home games at the Polo Grounds in Manhattan, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028848-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 New York Giants (PL) season\nThe 1890 New York Giants baseball team was a member of the short lived Players' League. They compiled a 74\u201357 record, good for third place, eight games behind the league champion Boston Reds. After the season, the league folded, and the Giants were bought out by their National League counterpart. The Giants were the original tenants of the Polo Grounds stadium that afterwards was occupied by the National League's New York Giants for 66 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028848-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 New York Giants (PL) season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028848-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 New York Giants (PL) season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028848-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 New York Giants (PL) season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028848-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 New York Giants (PL) season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028849-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 New York Giants season\nThe 1890 New York Giants season was the franchise's 8th season. The team finished in sixth place in the National League with a 63\u201368 record, 24 games behind the Brooklyn Bridegrooms. They also had to contend with a new crosstown rival, the New York Giants of the Players' League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028849-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028849-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028849-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028849-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028850-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 New York state election\nThe 1890 New York state election was held on November 4, 1890, to elect a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028850-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 New York state election, History\nIn 1890, there was only one state officer to be elected statewide: a judge of the Court of Appeals, to succeed Robert Earl whose fourteen-year term would expire at the end of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028850-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 New York state election, History\nThe Republican State Committee met on September 2 at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York City. The incumbent Democrat Robert Earl was nominated to succeed himself on the first ballot (vote: Earl 21, Daniel G. Rollins 3).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028850-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic State Committee met on September 23 at the Hoffman House in New York City. Edward Murphy Jr. was Chairman. The incumbent judge Robert Earl was re-nominated unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028850-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 New York state election, History\nThe Socialist Labor state convention met on September 25 at Clarendon House in New York City. Francis Gerau was nominated for the Court of Appeals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028850-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 New York state election, Result\n68 Democrats and 60 Republicans were elected for the session of 1891 to the New York State Assembly. The New York State Senate consisted of 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028851-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 New Zealand general election\nThe New Zealand general election of 1890 was one of New Zealand's most significant. It marked the beginning of party politics in New Zealand with the formation of the Liberal Government, which was to enact major welfare, labour and electoral reforms, including giving the vote to women.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028851-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 New Zealand general election\nIt was also the first election in which there was no legal plural voting. Multi-member electorates were re-introduced in the four main centres and the 'country quota' (which gave more weight to rural votes) was increased to 28%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028851-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 New Zealand general election\nFollowing the election and the resignation of the previous government headed by Harry Atkinson, John Ballance formed the first Liberal Party ministry, taking office on 24 January 1891. At this stage no formal party organisation existed, but the formation of the Liberal ministry signalled the end of the system by which governments were made up of a loose and unstable coalition of independent MPs and the beginning of the 'party system'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028851-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 New Zealand general election, Electoral redistribution\nIn December 1887, the House of Representatives voted to reduce its membership from general electorates from 91 to 70. The 1890 electoral redistribution used the same 1886 census data used for the 1887 electoral redistribution. In addition, three-member electorates were introduced in the four main centres. This resulted in a major restructuring of electorates, with 12 new electorates created. Of those, four electorates were created for the first time: Te Aroha, Halswell, Dunedin Suburbs, and Palmerston. The remaining eight electorates had previously existed and were re-created through the 1890 electoral redistribution: City of Auckland, City of Christchurch, City of Dunedin, City of Wellington, Ellesmere, Franklin, Geraldine, and Westland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028851-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 New Zealand general election, Electoral redistribution\n74 MPs were elected to the 11th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The M\u0101ori electorates voted on 27 November and the European (now known as General) electorates on 5 December. There were 183,171 voters registered in the sixty-two European electorates, which returned a total of 70 members. This figure includes 13,668 voters in the six electorates where there was an unopposed return. 136,337 valid votes were cast in European electorates, including additional votes cast in the four three-member electorates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028851-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 New Zealand general election, Results, Party totals\nNote that as the election was held before the establishment of formal political parties, the figures should only be regarded as an approximate indication of the division of political opinion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028851-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 New Zealand general election, Results, Votes summary\nMackie and Rose suggest there was a 74.4% turnout, based on valid votes cast as a percentage of the registered electors. The official turnout figure is 80.4%, calculated on a different basis (see the Elections New Zealand official results web-site link below for further details of the changing methods used to calculate the official turnout).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028851-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 New Zealand general election, Results, Votes summary\nThe M\u0101ori vote, for the remaining four seats, was held on 27 November. Maori electorates did not have electoral rolls so their voting figures and percentages are not included above.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028851-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 New Zealand general election, Results, Electorate results\nThe following table shows the results of the 1890 general election. Six European members were returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 62], "content_span": [63, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028852-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 North Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890. Republican nominee Andrew H. Burke defeated Democratic nominee William N. Roach with 52.23% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028853-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 North Donegal by-election\nThe North Donegal by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North Donegal on 25 June 1890. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, James Edward O'Doherty of the Irish Parliamentary Party. Only one candidate was nominated, James Rochfort Maguire representing the Irish Parliamentary Party, who was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028854-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 North Kilkenny by-election\nThe North Kilkenny by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North Kilkenny on 22 December 1890. It arose as a result of the death of the sitting member, Edward Marum of the Irish Parliamentary Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028854-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 North Kilkenny by-election, Background\nIn the period immediately before the by-election, the Irish Parliamentary Party entered a serious crisis. Its leader, Charles Stewart Parnell, had just been cited as co-respondent in a divorce case, which he had not contested, causing a scandal. A heated discussion in a committee room in Westminster showed many of the party MPs were opposed to Parnell continuing as leader; shortly afterwards, a majority left to found a new Anti- Parnellite group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028854-0001-0001", "contents": "1890 North Kilkenny by-election, Background\nThe by-election in North Kilkenny was the first opportunity to test the support for the two sides among Irish voters, who up to that point had been firmly united behind the Irish Parliamentary Party. The contest at North Kilkenny would turn out to be the first of three by-elections, representing, as Frank Callanan puts it, 'a staggered plebiscite on [Parnell's] leadership'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028854-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 North Kilkenny by-election, The campaign\nThe candidate chosen to replace Marum was Sir John Pope Hennessy, a former colonial administrator who had been a Conservative MP for King's County, twenty years earlier. Hennessy at first expressed his support for Parnell. However, once the party at Westminster had split and Parnell had lost the support of the Catholic Bishops, he announced he would 'act with the majority of the Irish party and the support of the Irish prelates'. The Parnellites then selected Vincent Scully, a Tipperary landlord, as their candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028854-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 North Kilkenny by-election, The campaign\nFor the campaign, the main objective of the Anti-Parnellites was to focus attention on the divorce issue and away from Parnell's appeal to national patriotism. They turned to ridicule to break the effect of their former leader's celebrated mystique. The main figure behind their campaign was Michael Davitt, who masterminded an intensive campaign that divided the constituency into 18 polling districts, sending MPs and priests to each to spread the message. A group of activists led by Davitt pursued Parnell on his canvass, confronting and harassing him. There was violence at some points, with Davitt being assaulted and Parnell having what he said was quicklime thrown in his eye.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028854-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 North Kilkenny by-election, The campaign\nEarly in the campaign there was considerable expectation that Parnell would succeed, but as time went on this view faded. Observers noted that while Parnell had the support of the business community and large farmers (as well as the landless labourers, who did not have a vote), the middle and small farmers generally opposed him. For the Parnellites, one major factor acting against them was the Church, with priests allowing after-Mass meetings and speaking on Anti- Parnellite platforms, although fear of an election petition prevented more active support. The only area where Parnell won a majority was the one where the local Parish priest supported him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028854-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 North Kilkenny by-election, The Voting\nAlthough there were 5,700 voters on the register, it was calculated that only about 4,600 were available on the day. Given the generally hostile attitude of the Catholic Church to Parnell's supporters, it was noted that the Anti- Parnellite, Hennessy, had a number of priests supporting him as personation agents in the polling booths, and others were seen outside the booths. Matters were sometimes tense:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028854-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 North Kilkenny by-election, The Voting\nAs the votes were counted, it quickly became clear that Scully would lose, with estimates of the Anti- Parnellite majority ranging from around 500 to 1,200. The final result was near the top of the scale - Hennessy won 2,527 votes to Scully's 1,365 - a majority of 1,162.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028854-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 North Kilkenny by-election, The Aftermath\nThe result at North Kilkenny was a disaster for the Parnellite movement, not only because it showed strong public support for his opponents, but also because his behaviour - his speeches were seen as poor, self-pitying and ill-tempered, in comparison to his normal eloquence and reserve - undermined his political image. A major element in his success was the mystique of electoral invincibility, and that was now shattered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028855-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Northwestern Purple football team\nThe 1890 Northwestern Purple football team was an American football team that represented Northwestern University during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 4\u20131\u20131 record. Only two of the seven games were intercollegiate games, a 22\u20136 victory over Beloit College on November 22, 1890, in Evanston, and a 22\u201310 victory over Wisconsin on November 27, 1890, in Milwaukee. The game against Wisconsin was the first between Northwestern and another of the teams that would later organize the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028856-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Norton Fitzwarren rail crash\nThe Norton Fitzwarren rail crash occurred on 11 November 1890, at Norton Fitzwarren station on the Great Western Railway, approximately two miles south-west of Taunton in Somerset. A special boat train carrying passengers from Plymouth to Paddington collided with a goods train that was being shunted on the main line. Ten passengers were killed, and eleven people (including the driver and fireman of the special train) were seriously injured. Another significant accident occurred at Norton Fitzwarren in 1940.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028856-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Norton Fitzwarren rail crash, Sequence of events\nThe incident began at 12:36 am, when a down goods train from Bristol to Exeter, hauled by both a standard-gauge engine and a broad gauge pilot engine, arrived at Norton Fitzwarren to take on and put off stock. Another down goods train, which was not scheduled to stop at the station, was due at 1:17 am, and at 1:05 am the guard of the first goods train was told by the signalman to shunt his train clear of the down line, on to the up main, while the pilot engine was separately moved on to a branch line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028856-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Norton Fitzwarren rail crash, Sequence of events\nAfter the fast goods train had passed, the signalman moved the pilot engine back to the down main line - while this movement was taking place, at 1:23 am, the up boat train was offered to the signalman by the preceding signal box. Forgetting that the slow goods train was still on the up main line, the signalman accepted the boat train, and cleared his signals for it. At 1:24 am, with full steam on at a speed estimated at 50\u00a0mph, the boat train passed the signal box and ran into the goods train. The driver and fireman of the goods train managed to jump clear before the accident, but were unable to give any signal in the short time they had. The guard of the boat train did not recall any braking before the impact.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028856-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Norton Fitzwarren rail crash, Causes\nThe immediate cause of the accident was that the signalman had forgotten that the goods train was still on the main line after being shunted and allowed the boat train into his section with the line obstructed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028856-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Norton Fitzwarren rail crash, Causes\nThe Board of Trade enquiry ruled that a contributory factor was the premature change of the goods train's headlamp from red to green; it was possible that the driver of the boat train would have noticed a red lamp ahead of him in time to apply his brakes. Another contributory factor was the failure of the guard of the goods train to notify the signalman of the presence of his train on the main line, as required by the rules of the company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028856-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Norton Fitzwarren rail crash, Causes\nFollowing the inquest, twelve refuge sidings were built between Exeter and Weston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028857-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Nova Scotia general election\nThe 1890 Nova Scotia general election was held from 14 May to 21 May 1890 to elect members of the 30th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Liberal party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028858-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was the first football team fielded by the Ohio State University. It was two distinct teams: one that played a game that spring, and another that played that fall, with a new coach, a new captain, and a significant turnover of team members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028858-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Spring team\nThe organizer and captain of the Ohio State was senior Jesse Lee Jones. Through schoolmate George Cole, Jones ordered a rule book and new ball from the Spalding company in Chicago. Jones played on the team at center. The team did not yet have a coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 51], "content_span": [52, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028858-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Spring team\nThe spring team played their first and only game on May 3, against Ohio Wesleyan. The game had to be played on the campus of Ohio Wesleyan because, at that time, the OWU faculty did not permit their students to play any intercollegiate games off-campus. Ohio State won that game 20\u201314. In 2008, the Delaware County Historical Society set an historical marker on the site of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 51], "content_span": [52, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028858-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Spring team\nThe right tackle on the spring team was Herbert Johnston, later the inventor of the electric mixer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 51], "content_span": [52, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028858-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Fall team\nAfter the graduation of Jesse Lee Jones, right guard Paul Lincoln took over as captain and as center. That fall George Cole invited Alexander S. Lilley to serve as coach of the team. Some sources claim that Lilley had also been coach during the spring game, but on May 3, 1890, Lilley had still been 500 miles away at Princeton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028858-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Fall team\nThe fall team lost the three intercollegiate games on their schedule, including a 64\u20130 home defeat to Wooster, as well as an exhibition game against the Dayton Athletic Club. They played their home games at Recreation Park, the site of which now contains an historical marker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028858-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Fall team\nFrederick Douglas Patterson (1871-1932), the first African American player in history of the Ohio State football program, was a member of the fall team. He scored a touchdown in that year's Kenyon game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028858-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Fall team\nOther players on the team were co captains Jesse L Jones and Paul Martyn Lincoln (1870-1944), Hamilton Hutchinson Richardson (1869-1960), Herbert Lincoln Johnston (1869-1938), David Silson Hegler (1869-1959), Hiram Edgar Rutan (1869-1940), W.S. Scott, C.C. Schaeffer, Walter A Landacre (1869-1956), Joseph H Large, Frank W. Rane, Richard T.B. Ellis, Charles Bradfield Morrey (1869-1954), A.P. Bronson, H Beatty, H. J. Whitacre, Romeo Orpheus Keiser (1870-1916), John Buchanan (Jack) Huggins (1871-1901), Charles William Foulk (1869-1958), Walter H. Miller, Arthur H. Kennedy and Edward D. Martin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028858-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Fall team\nSources-- Life dates from find a grave and your source #3 provides the names.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028859-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Ontario general election\nThe 1890 Ontario general election was the seventh general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on June 5, 1890, to elect the 91 Members of the 7th Legislative Assembly of Ontario (\"MLAs\").", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028859-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Liberal Party, led by Oliver Mowat, won a sixth consecutive term in government, despite losing a small number of  seats in the Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028859-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Conservative Party, led by William Ralph Meredith won two additional seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028859-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Ontario general election\nThis election was held under the Limited Vote system wherein Toronto voters had two votes for the three MPPs in their districts. This allowed a degree of minority representation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028860-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Open Championship\nThe 1890 Open Championship was the 30th Open Championship, held 11 September at Prestwick Golf Club in Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. John Ball won the Championship, three strokes ahead of Willie Fernie and Archie Simpson. Ball was both the first Englishman to win the Open and the first amateur to win it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028860-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Open Championship\nAndrew Kirkaldy had the lead after the morning round with an 81. He was followed by his brother Hugh Kirkaldy and Ball on 82. These were the only players better than 85. Ball was playing with Willie Campbell who had a disappointing 86 to trail Ball by four strokes. Fernie was one of the early finishers in the afternoon and came back with a total of 167. Willie Park Jr. had an excellent 80 but was out of contention after a terrible start to his morning round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028860-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Open Championship\nHugh Kirkaldy was playing with Simpson. While Kirkaldy faded after a 91, Simpson matched Fernie with his total of 167. Andrew Kirkaldy was in the next group but, like his brother, had a poor second round. Ball and Campbell were the next group, the last of the contenders. Initially Campbell matched Ball in the second round but after taking eight at the 9th he lost another shot to Ball at the 10th and, after topping his drive at the 11th, he tore up his card. Ball continued playing steadily and it became known that he needed 20 for the last four holes to win. Finishing 5-4-5-4 he won eventually by three strokes. He had completed each nine holes in exactly 41.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028861-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Orange Athletic Club football team\nThe 1890 Orange Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Orange Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1890 football season. The Orange team played its home games in East Orange, New Jersey, and compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (3\u20131 against AFU opponents).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028862-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Oregon gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on June 2, 1890 to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. The election matched Republican businessman and former Portland mayor David P. Thompson against Democratic incumbent Sylvester Pennoyer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028863-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Ottawa Hockey Club season\nThe 1890 Ottawa Hockey Club season was the club's fifth season of play. Although the club was based at the Rideau Skating Rink, it played only two games against outside teams and did not participate in championship play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028863-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Team business\nP. D. Ross was named team president, and Frank Jenkins, again the captain. The Club became affiliated with the new Ottawa Amateur Athletic Club and adopted the red, black and white colours of the Association, and adopted the Club's triskelion logo. The uniform was not yet the 'barber pole' design, but a white jersey with black trim and the Club logo, white knee breeches and black stockings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 45], "content_span": [46, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028863-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Season\nThe Club played an exhibition game against the Montreal Victorias at the Rideau Rink (a 3\u20131 loss on February 25), in conjunction with the Canadian skating championships. The 'seconds' played five games, four against Ottawa College, now the second ice hockey team in town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028864-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Partick by-election\nThe Partick by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held in Scotland on 11 February 1890 for the British House of Commons constituency of Partick. It was caused by the death of the constituency's sitting Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) Alexander Craig Sellar, who had held the seat since the 1885 general election. He had been elected as a Liberal in 1885, but joined the breakaway Liberal Unionists in 1886, and was re-elected at the election of 1886 as a Liberal Unionist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028864-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Partick by-election, Result\nThe seat was held for the Liberal Unionists by James Parker Smith;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028865-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1890 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1890 college football season. The Quakers finished with an 11\u20133 record in their third year under head coach E. O. Wagenhorst. Significant games included victories over Rutgers (16\u20134 and 20\u201312), Penn State (20\u20130), and Lehigh (8\u20130 and 17\u201314), and losses to Princeton (6\u20130) and Yale (60\u20130). The 1890 Penn team outscored its opponents by a combined total of 259 to 134. No Penn players were honored on the 1890 College Football All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028866-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Penn State football team\nThe 1890 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College\u2014now known as Pennsylvania State University\u2013as an independent during the 1890 college football season. The team played its home games on the Old Main lawn in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028867-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on November 4, 1890. Democratic candidate and former Governor Robert E. Pattison defeated Republican candidate George W. Delamater to become Governor of Pennsylvania. As of the  2020 presidential election, this is the last presidential, gubernatorial, or senatorial election in Pennsylvania where the Democratic candidate won the state without carrying Allegheny County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028868-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Peruvian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Peru on 13 April 1890. The result was a victory for Remigio Morales Berm\u00fadez of the Constitutional Party, who received 68% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028869-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Philadelphia Athletics (PL) season\nThe 1890 Philadelphia Athletics (alternately known as the Quakers) baseball team was a member of the short lived Players' League. They compiled a 68\u201363 record and finished in fifth place in the league. After the season, the league folded, and the Athletics were admitted into the American Association as a replacement for the AA version of the Philadelphia Athletics, a team expelled after the 1890 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028869-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Philadelphia Athletics (PL) season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028869-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Philadelphia Athletics (PL) season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028869-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Philadelphia Athletics (PL) season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 82], "content_span": [83, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028870-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1890 Philadelphia Athletics finished with a 54\u201378 record and finished in eighth place in the   American Association. During the season, the team struggled financially and wound up selling or releasing most of their players. They were able to finish the season with a pickup team and were subsequently expelled from the league following the season. They were replaced by a new Philadelphia Athletics team that had played in the Players' League the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028870-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028870-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028870-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028870-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028870-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028871-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; 2B = doubles; 3B = triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases; BB = Walks; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028871-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; 2B = doubles; 3B = triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases; BB = Walks; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028871-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Walks; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028871-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Walks; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028872-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season\nThe 1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season was the ninth season for the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise. The team finished eighth and last in the National League with a record of 23\u2013113, 66.5 games behind the Brooklyn Bridegrooms. This was the final season for the team with the name \"Alleghenys\", as the team changed their name to the Pittsburgh Pirates the next season. They have had this name ever since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028872-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season\nFor all intents and purposes, the Alleghenys' season ended when most of their stars defected to the Pittsburgh Burghers of the Players' League. With a decimated roster, the Alleghenys made a wretched showing. The 113 losses by the Alleghenys set a new major league record, breaking the old record of 111 set the previous year by the Louisville Colonels. The record would stand until 1899, when the Cleveland Spiders lost 134 games, the all-time record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028872-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season\nPoor attendances meant that they played 97 of their 136 games on the road, finishing with a road record of 9-88 (the 88 losses remained a record until 1899, and is unreachable under current MLB scheduling rules, which allow a maximum of 81 road games). Their .093 road winning percentage is the lowest in MLB history for a minimum of 60 games. This would be the last time the Pittsburgh franchise reached the century mark in the loss column until 1917, when the team was known as the Pittsburgh Pirates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028872-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028872-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028872-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028872-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028872-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028873-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Pittsburgh Burghers season\nThe 1890 Pittsburgh Burghers baseball team was a member of the short-lived Players' League. They compiled a 60\u201368 record, good for sixth place. After the season, the league folded, and the Burghers were bought out by their National League counterpart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028873-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Pittsburgh Burghers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028873-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Pittsburgh Burghers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028873-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Pittsburgh Burghers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028873-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Pittsburgh Burghers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028874-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 30 March 1890. The result was a victory for the Regeneration Party, which won 115 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028874-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Portuguese legislative election, Results\nThe results exclude the six seats won at national level and those from overseas territories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028875-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe 1890 Prince Edward Island election was held on 10 August 1890 to elect members of the House of Assembly of the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada. This was the only election to produce a minority government for Prince Edward Island, until 2019", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028876-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1890 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1890 college football season. The team finished with an 11\u20131\u20131 record. The Tigers recorded nine shutouts and outscored opponents by a combined total of 478 to 58. The team's only loss was by a 32\u20130 score against Yale and they tied the Orange Athletic Club 0\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028876-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Princeton Tigers football team\nThree Princeton players, fullback Sheppard Homans, Jr., end Ralph Warren, and guard Jesse Riggs, were consensus first-team honorees on the 1890 College Football All-America Team. In 1952, Grantland Rice paid tribute to Homans as the embodiment of the rough and tumble days of iron man football. Rice wrote: \"Just as Ty Cobb represents the ball game of many years ago, this man represented the football that used to be.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028876-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 115\u20130 defeat of Virginia is often marked as the beginning of major college football's arrival in the South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028877-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Purdue football team\nThe 1890 Purdue football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 3\u20133 record in the university's third season fielding an intercollegiate football team. Clinton L. Hare, a Yale alumnus who had been the coach of the Butler football teams that handed Purdue its sole losses in 1887 and 1889, was hired as Purdue's football coach in 1890. On November 1, 1890, Purdue lost to Michigan, 34\u20136, in the first football game between two teams that would later become members of the Big Ten Conference. Three weeks after losing to Michigan, Purdue defeated Illinois, 62\u20130. The team concluded its 1890 season with a loss to Butler, leaving Purdue 0\u20133 in three games against Butler football teams since 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 811]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028878-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Quebec general election\nThe 1890 Quebec general election was held on June 17, 1890, to elect members of the 7th Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Quebec Liberal Party Parti national coalition led by Honor\u00e9 Mercier, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Conservative Party, led by Louis-Olivier Taillon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028878-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Quebec general election\nA scandal and charges of corruption cut short Mercier's term of office. He was later cleared of all charges, but his political career was ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028879-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 2, 1890. Democratic nominee John W. Davis defeated incumbent Republican Herbert W. Ladd with 48.76% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028880-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Richmond Colts football team\nThe 1890 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College\u2014now known as the University of Richmond\u2014as an independent during the 1890 college football season. The team went winless and was coached by University of Richmond alumnus C. T. Taylor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028881-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Rochester Broncos season\nThe 1890 Rochester Broncos season was the team's only season in Major League Baseball. In 1889, the team had played in the minor league International Association as the Rochester Jingoes. The Broncos went 63\u201363 during the season and finished 5th in the American Association. They went 40\u201322 at home, but 23\u201341 on the road. After the season, the team returned to the minor leagues, moving to the Eastern Association as the Rochester Hop Bitters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028881-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Rochester Broncos season, Regular season\nHarry Lyons led the league in at bats and in outs. Sandy Griffin was tied for 4th in the league in doubles. Jimmy Knowles was 4th in RBIs. Ted Scheffler was 2nd in stolen bases, 4th in hit by pitches, and tied for 4th in bases on balls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028881-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Rochester Broncos season, Regular season\nBob Barr was 1st in the league in walks issued and tied for 1st in games lost. Barr was 2nd in the league in games pitched, games started, complete games, batters faced, hits allowed, earned runs, and innings pitched. He was 4th in wins and in wild pitches. He was 5th in strikeouts and tied for 5th in shutouts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028881-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Rochester Broncos season, Regular season\nThe team had the third best ERA in the league. At 17, Harvey Blauvelt was the league's youngest player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028881-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Rochester Broncos season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028881-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Rochester Broncos season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028881-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Rochester Broncos season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028881-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Rochester Broncos season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028881-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 Rochester Broncos season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028882-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1890 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1890 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 5\u20135\u20131 record and outscored their opponents, 222 to 147. The team had no coach, and its captain for the second consecutive year was James Bishop, Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028883-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 SAFA season\nThe 1890 South Australian Football Association season was the 14th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028883-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 SAFA season\nThe Gawler Football Club withdrew at the end of the season and formed its own local competition, the predecessor of the current Barossa Light and Gawler Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028883-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 SAFA season, Premiership Matches, Round 8, Intercolonial Matches\nOn the weekends of July 5 and July 12 intercolonial matches were held and SAFA premiership matches suspended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 69], "content_span": [70, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028884-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 South Australian colonial election\nColonial elections were held in South Australia from 9 April to 23 April 1890. All 54 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent government led by Premier of South Australia John Cockburn defeated the opposition led by Leader of the Opposition Thomas Playford II. Each district elected multiple members, with voters casting multiple votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028884-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 South Australian colonial election\nSince the inaugural 1857 election, no parties or solid groupings had been formed, which resulted in frequent changes of the Premier. If for any reason the incumbent Premier lost sufficient support through a successful motion of no confidence at any time on the floor of the house, he would tender his resignation to the Governor of South Australia, which would result in interested members declaring their intent to run for the vacant position. A parliamentary ballot would then take place, resulting in the member with the most votes being sworn in by the Governor as the next Premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028884-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 South Australian colonial election\nHowever, from the 1887 election there began a growing informal division between groups of members who were loosely described as \u2018conservative\u2019 and \u2018radical\u2019 by the press. The \u2018conservatives\u2019 found their leaders in John Cox Bray and John William Downer, while the \u2018radicals\u2019 were led by John Colton, Thomas Playford and John Cockburn. The leaders often contested government against their reported allies in loose alliances, producing an element of political \u2018structure\u2019 which began to see a trend emerge toward increased government stability. The United Labor Party would be formed in 1891, while the National Defence League would be formed later in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028885-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Ben Tillman was nominated by the Democrats and easily won the general election against A.C. Haskell to become the 84th governor of South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028885-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Farmers' Association Convention\nIn January 1890, the Shell Manifesto was released by the Farmers' Association and it denounced the current Conservative Democratic state government while calling for a convention to be held in March. It was signed by the President of the Farmers' Association, George Washington Shell, but it was written by Ben Tillman who sought to manipulate the Association into supporting his candidacy for governor. The manifesto called for the nomination of candidates for statewide office, with the intent of giving Tillman an early advantage over his Conservative Democrat rivals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 75], "content_span": [76, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028885-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Farmers' Association Convention\nThe Farmers' Association convened in Columbia on March 27 and immediately a call was made by W. Jasper Talbert to vote on proceeding with nominations for the statewide ticket. However, the tally from the delegates was 116 votes against nominations and 115 for nominations. Nevertheless, Talbert turned a one-vote defeat into a six-vote victory by switching votes of delegates without their consent and allowing votes of an unseated delegation from Beaufort County. The official vote to proceed with nominations stood at 120 to 114 and Talbert then simply announced the nomination of Tillman for governor without even obtaining a vote from the delegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 75], "content_span": [76, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028885-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Campaign, Conservative Democrats\nThe Conservatives and the state press condemned the Farmers' Association for trying to disrupt the unity of the state Democratic party. In addition, they stressed that if the Farmers' Associations candidates failed to achieve nomination at the Democratic convention, then their cause would lose all relevancy. Furthermore, the News and Courier conducted a straw poll of over a thousand residents in the state and released the results showing that John Calhoun Sheppard was the most favored candidate for governor, followed by Johnson Hagood and in third was Ben Tillman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 87], "content_span": [88, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028885-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Campaign, Conservative Democrats\nAn anti-Tillman farmers convention was organized by the Conservatives and held in Columbia on April 23. Politics remained out of the public discourse at the conference, but discussions were ongoing in private to determine and select the man best to oppose Tillman for governor at the Democratic convention. In the end, they settled on John Bratton because he was a farmer and not a career politician. Many Conservatives disapproved of the choice of Bratton and instead favored either former Governor James L. Orr or Joseph H. Earle. The lack of unity on the part of the Conservatives was troubling as they were facing a formidable opponent in Tillman, who had unified most of the farmers behind his candidacy and was steadily gaining strength in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 87], "content_span": [88, 844]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028885-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Campaign, Conservative Democrats\nAware that Tillman was winning control of the Democratic party organization, the Conservatives pressed for a primary election to select delegates to the state nominating convention. Tillman had long called for primary elections, but he refused to endorse it when he sensed that he had greater strength in the county organization. The Executive Committee of the state Democratic Party called for a state convention in August to consider it nonetheless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 87], "content_span": [88, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028885-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Campaign, Conservative Democrats\nOn July 10, a conference of straightout Democrats led by A.C. Haskell was held in Columbia to discuss a possible primary and how best to defeat Tillman. Among those attending, were Wade Hampton and other leaders of the Democratic Party who had redeemed the state from Radical Republican rule in 1876. A call was issued for the formation of new Democratic clubs in the counties because Tillman's forces had so thoroughly taken over control of the county party machinery. However, despite the best efforts of the Conservatives, they were too late in the game and failed to generate enough support in order to block the election of delegates for Tillman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 87], "content_span": [88, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028885-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Campaign, Democratic Conventions\nAt the August 13 convention called by the state Democratic Executive Committee to consider primary elections, the assembled delegates installed Tillmanites in leadership positions and soundly defeated calls for a primary election. A month later at the nominating convention on September 15, Tillman's supporters had an even greater majority than the preceding convention and Tillman was selected as the governor without opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 87], "content_span": [88, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028885-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Campaign, Straightout Democrats\nMany Democrats resigned to their fate and accepted the choice of Tillman, but a few hardcore Conservatives bolted from the convention to form a Straightout Democrat ticket. They met on October 9 in Columbia and nominated A.C. Haskell as their choice for governor along with a full statewide ticket. The delegates wore red shirts to evoke memories of the Straightout Democrat victory in the 1876 gubernatorial election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 86], "content_span": [87, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028885-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Campaign, Straightout Democrats\nMost of the newspapers in the state disagreed with the decision of the Conservatives to adopt a separate statewide ticket and even Wade Hampton refused to vote for the Straightout ticket. Haskell tried to gain the support of black voters, but they rebuffed his advances because of his harsh methods he used against the blacks in the 1876 campaign. The state Republican party decided to endorse Haskell because Tillman wanted to disfranchise the black voters of the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 86], "content_span": [87, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028885-0010-0000", "contents": "1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held on November 4, 1890 and Ben Tillman was elected as governor of South Carolina, only losing the counties of Beaufort and Berkeley to Haskell. Turnout increased for this election over the previous election because it was the first contested general election for governor since the gubernatorial election of 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028886-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890. Incumbent Republican Governor Arthur C. Mellette ran for re-election to a second term. He was challenged in the general election by State Surveyor General Maris Taylor, the Democratic nominee, and Henry A. Loucks, the President of the South Dakota Farmers' Alliance and the Independent Party nominee. In part because the left-leaning vote was split, Mellette won re-election, but by a significantly reduced margin, winning a weak plurality with just 44% of the vote. Loucks beat out Maris for second place, receiving 32% of the vote to Taylor's 24%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028886-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Party conventions\nAt the Democratic convention in June 1890, many convention delegates wanted to nominate Bartlett Tripp, the former Chief Justice of the Dakota Territorial Supreme Court. However, Tripp had declined to be a candidate several weeks prior, and State Surveyor General Maris Taylor was nominated by acclamation. Similarly, at the Republican convention in August, Governor Arthur C. Mellette received the gubernatorial nomination by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 59], "content_span": [60, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028886-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Party conventions\nSeparately, the South Dakota Farmers' Alliance held a convention in 1890 and delegates voted to form the Independent Party and to contest the state elections. When the delegates reconvened at their nominating convention in July, Henry L. Loucks, the President of the Alliance, who had been seen as the frontrunner for the Independent Party's nomination in June, faced a challenge from Abraham Lincoln Van Osdel, a former territorial legislator. A close race developed between Loucks and Van Osdel, with just two votes separating them on the first, informal ballot and Loucks leading, 127\u2013125. On the second, formal ballot, Loucks defeated Van Osdel by a wider margin, 134\u2013115, and Van Osdel was subsequently nominated for Lieutenant Governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 59], "content_span": [60, 802]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season\nThe 1890 Southern Rugby Football Union season was the 17th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. This was the first competition for the new Agricultural Society Challenge Cup which was awarded to the winners of the premiership. The football season lasted from May to August. For the fourth season in succession, the Sydney University Football Club were declared premiers with the club remaining undefeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams\nThe Agricultural Society Challenge Cup continued to be open to all members of the Southern Rugby Football Union. Also continuing alongside was the Junior Badges for those clubs who chose not to enter the senior competition, and the Union Badges for all remaining clubs and second fifteens of senior or junior clubs. When entries closed on 3 May, 11 teams had entered the senior competition, 11 teams had also entered the Junior Badges and 21 teams had entered the Union Badges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams\nNew to the senior competition in 1890 was the Sydney club. The club had been formed at the beginning of the season with some people expecting them to \"lick\" the other teams and come out on top of the table. Out of the four teams that dropped out of the premiership for the new season, only Double Bay survived, deciding to enter the Junior Badges instead. While Strathfield Rovers failed to last the season in 1889, both Newtown and Cammeray folded at the beginning of the current season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nWith representative games interfering with the calendar drawn up for the past seasons, a dedicated finals system had not been in place since 1887. For the new season, the Union decided upon the inclusion of a top-4 finals system. After the closing date for entries into the three badge competitions, the Union drew up the seasons games for the weekend between 31 May and 16 August. It was decided that the teams would be ranked according to points with wins worth 4 points and draws 2 points. Byes were counted as wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0003-0001", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nIn the event of a tie, teams would be ranked first by points against then points scored. The Union decreed that all games played at Moore Park would begin at 3:00pm with games at suburban grounds beginning at 3:15pm. In addition, games would now consist of two halves of no more than 40 minutes with one umpire decided upon by the teams. With a visiting Queensland team playing two matches in July and a Metropolitan-Western Districts game also played that month, it was decided that all club matches would be postponed until the completion of these representative games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nFor the coming season, the Agricultural Society of NSW offered a challenge cup to be competed for by the senior clubs. One condition of the offer was that the cup become the property of the club who held the cup for three seasons. They also offered a cheque for purchase of five honour caps to be awarded to the most deserving players of the club that was awarded the cup. The society also requested that all games be played  on their ground. The society requested the right to approve the rules and code for the competition. This offer was accepted by the Union with an alteration that not all matches would be played on the Agricultural Ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nThe 1890 season was seen as one of the most interesting in recent time. It was believed that due to the presence of competitions for the clubs on three levels, that the state of play had improved with much of the unnecessary roughness stamped out. Crowd interest was increasing with much excitement towards the outcome of the contests. Unfortunately the weather for the matches played during June and July was awful. Rain caused some games to be postponed due to the unsatisfactory state of the grounds and the conditions. As a result, some of the matches were played during mid-week or when the representative matches were being played. However, the same poor weather conditions also interfered with those games as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nOnce again, Sydney University A emerged from the season undefeated and rightful premiers. Throughout the season they displayed themselves to be excellent proponents of the game. Their supremacy over their rivals was seen to be due to their thorough knowledge of the scientific parts of the game. They made a science of passing, an important feature of the game. At the beginning of the season JAK Shaw, the captain of the previous three seasons, retired from football. The club also lost the services of point-scoring master, Paddy Flynn who left the Sydney area. Despite these losses, the team performed unselfishly making it hard to point out individual performances. Percy Colquhoun, Harry Abbott, the Belbridge brothers and Leo Neill were the chief scorers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 810]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nFor the second year running, Strathfield were runners-up to the Varsity. During the regular games, the club lost only against University A and Sydney. In the semi final against Parramatta, they easily defeated their opponents to progress to the final. Up until this point the club were considered to be equal to the Varsity in performance. However the final saw the eventual premiers walk over Strathfield to win the match by a large margin. Strathfield's poor performance in the final was disappointing. Robert Lusk, Henry Braddon and Harry Moses played consistently well for the entire season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nThe Parramatta Football Club performed well to see themselves in a high position amongst the other senior clubs. The club was in its second year of existence and boasted one of the lightest packs in the competition. Playing a fast and effective game, Parramatta displayed great stamina. The team were only beaten once by the Varsity and played two draws against Arfoma and Sydney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nThough not as successful as prior seasons, the Arfoma Football Club played well enough to find themselves in the semi finals. A number of new players were enlisted at the beginning of the season resulting in the overall performance of the team falling short of previous form. Despite this, the Arfoma were only defeated by University A and Strathfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0010-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals\nFor the second time in history, and the first time in three years, a final series was included in the competition. At the conclusion of the main round of games, the teams were ranked according to the number of points they had earnt. The top four teams progressed to the semi finals on the 23 August, with the winners of both matches progressing to the final on 30 August. The semi finals were decided by ballot with both games scheduled to play at the Agricultural Society Ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0011-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals\nThe largest crowd recorded at a football match was present at the ground for the two semi final clashes. The Arfoma-University game held the most interest, with many hoping for the Varsity to experience defeat. After initially leading the match, Arfoma became demoralised when Sydney University increased their efforts. The final score saw the Varsity win 13 points to 3. The second match saw Strathfield defeat Parramatta 18 points to 4. After this result, some were predicting that Strathfield would give University a lot of trouble in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0012-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals, Final, 30 August\nThe final match for the inaugural Agricultural Society Challenge Cup was played on 30 August between Sydney University A and Strathfield. Approximately 4000 to 5000 people were in attendance to watch the contest with many predicting Strathfield to cause trouble for the undefeated Varsity. After a short delay, the game began and it wasn't too long before Strathfield scored through the efforts of Harry Moses. University raised their efforts and confined play for a while at the Strathfield end where two unanswered tries were scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0012-0001", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals, Final, 30 August\nAt halftime, the score showed the Varsity leading 8 points to 3. Immediately play began again with no half time rest taken. University maintained their onslaught upon the Strathfield line. The second half was almost entirely one sided with University scoring freely. The Varsity added 5 tries and a goal from the field to lift the score to 31 points to 3. In the last moments of the match Lusk bolted away and scored for Strathfield to bring their final score to 6 points. The final score was a surprise to most in attendance. As was usual, the Varsity players worked together like machinery displaying excellent passing. Percy Colquhoun scored 16 points during the game. Strathfield fumbled the ball and played a messy game. With this win the University maintained their four year unbeaten run in the Sydney Rugby Premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 886]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0013-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Junior Badges\nFor the new season, the Junior Badges followed much of the same format as the senior competition. This was the fourth time that a competition was held for the Junior clubs. After entries closed, the eleven teams were included in a draw that covered the same period as the seniors. Teams were ranked according to points with the top four progressing to the semi finals. For the competition, fifteen silver medals were offered by Mr AJ Torning to be awarded to the winners of the junior final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0013-0001", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Junior Badges\nAt the conclusion of the regular rounds, Wentworth finished at the top of the table with the Pirates, Eurotah and Oxford qualifying for the semi finals. Both the Pirates and Wentworth won their respective matches to proceed to the final for the Junior Badges. The final saw one of the most exciting and fiercely contest matches on the Agricultural Ground with both teams of equal footing. Wentworth won the match 4 points to 3 to awarded the Junior Badges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0014-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Union Badges\nSeason 1890 saw the third competition for the Union Badges. As per previous seasons, clubs that chose not to participate in the Senior or Junior competitions and second teams for other clubs could participate. Any player who played in three or more games in the higher badges were not eligible to play in the Union Badges. Despite having 21 teams involved in the competition, the draw saw matches play the same span of weekends as the Senior Badges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 60], "content_span": [61, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0014-0001", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Union Badges\nWhen the regular games were completed, Glebe finished at the top of the table with Fort Street College, University 3rd and Clifton qualifying for the semi finals. In the semi finals Fort Street College easily defeated Clifton to proceed to the final. Glebe drew with University 3rd in the second semi final. A replay match was organised midweek which was won by Glebe. From the moment that the final began, it was clear that Fort Street were completely outclassed. Glebe defeated Fort Street 26 points to nil to win the badges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 60], "content_span": [61, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028887-0015-0000", "contents": "1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nThe month of July saw two Intercolonial Matches played between New South Wales and Queensland on the Association Cricket Ground. The first match, played under fine weather, saw a bit of a one-sided affair. In front of a healthy crowd, the local team defeated the visitors 15 points to 3. The second match only a week later saw disagreeable weather with rain falling almost until the beginning of the match. After almost being called off, the game went ahead with a healthy crowd. The contest was a tight affair with both teams playing a fast a skilful game. Both teams failed to score in the wet a slippery conditions with the match ending in a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028888-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1890 St. Louis Browns season was the team's ninth season in St. Louis, Missouri and its ninth season in the American Association. The Browns went 78\u201358 during the season and finished third in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028888-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028888-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028888-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028889-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Sutherland County Council election\nThe first elections to Sutherland County Council were held in February 1890 as part of the wider 1890 local elections. County councils had been created in Scotland by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, following on from the Local Government Act 1888 which had created them in England and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028889-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Sutherland County Council election\nThe election took place at a time of great change in Sutherland. The Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886 had established the first Crofters Commission, which acted as a land court which ruled on disputes between landlords and crofters. The largest land owner in the county was the Duke of Sutherland, who owned the Sutherland estate, comprising most of the county.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028889-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Sutherland County Council election\nTo ensure the Duke's interest was represented on the new council all of the Sutherlands estates factors stood for election, along with James Gordon; the Assynt sub-factor. The estate anticipated defeat in the election having lost control of School and Poor boards in the early 1880s. Ultimately only Donald MacLean won a seat on behalf of the Sutherland interest. Despite having been anticipated, the estate was shocked by the scale of their loss, which they blamed on local land leaguers, merchants, ministers, and school teachers, as well as the fact that the vote was no longer secret. Evander McIver, a Lewis-man and factor for Scourie, complained that the new council was \"formed of Radicals, Land Leaguers, and troublesome Clericals!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028889-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Sutherland County Council election\nMacLean, with the Dukes consent, stepped down before the elections in 1892 after complaining his presence was a waste of time as he was supported by no other members, and there was little prospect of additional representatives for the estate being returned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028889-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Sutherland County Council election, Council results\nIn addition to the elected members the council also included Bailie Gunn, representing the burgh of Dornoch. The ex-officio members were the Duke of Sutherland, Lord Stafford, Sheriff Mackenzie, and a Mr Barclay of Skelbo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 56], "content_span": [57, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028890-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Swansea County Borough Council election\nThe annual election to Swansea County Borough Council took place in November 1890. It was followed by the 1891 election. Only three of the wards were contested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028891-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Swedish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sweden in 1890. Pro -free trade candidates received a majority of the vote. Gustaf \u00c5kerhielm remained Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028891-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Swedish general election, Campaign\nThe Free Traders and the Swedish Social Democratic Party ran joint lists in some constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028891-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Swedish general election, Results\nOnly 22.8% of the male population aged over 21 was eligible to vote. Voter turnout was 38.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028892-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Swiss federal election\nFederal elections were held in Switzerland on 26 October 1890. The Radical Left narrowly retained its majority in the National Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028892-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Swiss federal election, Electoral system\nThe 147 members of the National Council were elected in 52 single- and multi-member constituencies using a three-round system. Candidates had to receive a majority in the first or second round to be elected; if it went to a third round, only a plurality was required. Voters could cast as many votes as there were seats in their constituency. There was one seat for every 20,000 citizens, with seats allocated to cantons in proportion to their population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028892-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Swiss federal election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held under the new Federal law concerning the elections of National Council members passed on 20 June 1890. Following the 1888 census (which had been brought forward from 1890 in order to redraw the constituencies prior to the elections) the number of seats was increased from 145 to 147, whilst the number of constituencies was increased from 49 to 52; Basel-Stadt, St. Gallen and Z\u00fcrich all gained one seat, whilst Ticino lost a seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028892-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Swiss federal election, Results, National Council, Summary\nVoter turnout was highest in Schaffhausen (where voting was compulsory) at 94.3% and lowest in Schwyz at 35.6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028893-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Swiss insurance referendum\nA referendum on accident and health insurance was held in Switzerland on 2 October 1890. Voters were asked whether they approved of a federal resolution on amending the constitution with regards to accident and health insurance. It was approved by a majority of voters and cantons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028893-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Swiss insurance referendum, Background\nThe referendum was a mandatory referendum, which as it pertained to the constitution, required both a majority of voters and cantons, as opposed to an optional referendum, which required only a majority of the public vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028894-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1890 Syracuse Orangemen football team was an American football team that represented Syracuse University during the 1890 college football season. In their first season under head coach Robert Winston, the Orangemen compiled a 7\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028895-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Syracuse Stars season\nThe 1890 Syracuse Stars baseball team finished with a 55\u201372 record, seventh place in the American Association during their only season in Major League baseball. They had previously played in the International Association in 1888 and 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028895-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Syracuse Stars season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028895-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Syracuse Stars season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028895-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Syracuse Stars season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028895-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Syracuse Stars season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028895-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Syracuse Stars season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028896-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Tennessee gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028896-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Tennessee gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor Robert Love Taylor did not seek re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028896-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Tennessee gubernatorial election\nDemocratic nominee John P. Buchanan defeated Republican nominee Lewis T. Baxter and Prohibition nominee D. C. Kelley with 56.57% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028896-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Tennessee gubernatorial election, Nominations, Democratic nomination\nThe Democratic convention was held on July 15 to 18 at Nashville. John P. Buchanan was nominated by acclamation on the twenty-sixth ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 73], "content_span": [74, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028896-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Tennessee gubernatorial election, Nominations, Democratic nomination, Results\nPartial results of the balloting were as follows (excluding fractions).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 82], "content_span": [83, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028896-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Tennessee gubernatorial election, Nominations, Republican nomination\nThe Republican convention was held on July 30 at Nashville. Lewis T. Baxter was nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 73], "content_span": [74, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028897-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Timaru by-election\nThe 1890 Timaru by-election was a by-election held on 18 August 1890 during the 10th New Zealand Parliament in the seat of Timaru, a partly urban seat in Canterbury on the East Coast of the South Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028897-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Timaru by-election, Background\nThe by-election was triggered because of the death of sitting member of parliament Richard Turnbull. The election saw William Hall-Jones win the seat over his main opponent, Edward George Kerr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028897-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Timaru by-election, Background\nKerr had contested the 1887 election against Turnbull, and was the proprietor of The Timaru Herald. Hall-Jones had initially refused nomination citing crucial upcoming business interests. However, several locals persisted and Hall-Jones eventually accepted. Hall-Jones, Kerr and W F Alpin were nominated, and after a show of hands went in favour of Hall-Jones a poll was demanded by the supporters of Kerr and Alpin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028898-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1890 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the fourth staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028898-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nToomevara won the championship. It was their first championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028899-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Toledo Maumees season\nThe 1890 Toledo Maumees baseball team finished with a 68\u201364 record, good for fourth place in the American Association during their only season in existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028899-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Toledo Maumees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028899-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Toledo Maumees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028899-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Toledo Maumees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028899-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Toledo Maumees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028899-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Toledo Maumees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028900-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Trinity Blue and White football team\nThe 1890 Trinity Blue and White football team was an American football team that represented Trinity College (later renamed Duke University) as an independent during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 0\u20131 record. The team had no coach; Robert L. Durham was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028901-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nList of champions of the 1890 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open). The men's singles and doubles competitions were held from 18 August to 27 August on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. The women's singles and doubles competitions were held from 10 June to 13 June on the outdoor grass courts at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Philadelphia, PA. It was the 10th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028901-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nValentine Hall /  Clarence Hobart defeated  Charles Carver /  John Ryerson 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 6\u20132, 2\u20136, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028901-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nGrace Roosevelt /  Ellen Roosevelt defeated  Bertha Townsend /  Margarette Ballard 6\u20131, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028902-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nOliver Campbell defeated last year's champion Henry Slocum 6\u20132, 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20131 in the challenge round to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1890 U.S. National Championships. This was the first of three titles for Campbell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028903-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nEllen Roosevelt won the singles tennis title by defeating reigning champion Bertha Townsend 6\u20132, 6\u20132 in the Challenge Round of the 1890 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship in front of a crowd of nearly 2,000 people. Roosevelt had won the right to challenge Townsend by defeating Lida Voorhees 6\u20133, 6\u20131 in the final of the All Comers' competition. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia from June 10 through June 13, 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028904-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming\nThere were two United States House of Representatives elections in Wyoming in 1890, both held on September 11, 1890. Republican lawyer Clarence D. Clark defeated Democratic George T. Beck with 58.22% of the vote and became the first person to represent Wyoming in the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [63, 63], "content_span": [64, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028905-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections\nElections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1890 for members of the 52nd Congress, taking place in the middle of President Benjamin Harrison's term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028905-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections\nA stagnant economy which became worse after the Panic of 1890, combined with a lack of support for then Representative William McKinley's (defeated in the election) steep tariff act, which favored large industries at the expense of consumers, led to a sharp defeat for Harrison's Republican Party, giving a large majority to the Democratic Party and presaging Harrison's defeat in the 1892 United States presidential election. The Republican-controlled Congress was highly criticized for its lavish spending, and it earned the unflattering nickname of The Billion Dollar Congress. Democrats promised to cut the outlandish budget.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028905-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections\nFurthermore, aggressive Republican promotion of controversial English-only education laws enacted by Wisconsin and Illinois in 1889, accompanied by a surge in nativist and anti-Catholic sentiment within the state parties, had greatly hollowed out the party's support base in these former strongholds. A rare multi-confessional alliance of mainly German clergy rallied their flocks in defense of language and faith to the Democratic Party, which tore through incumbent Republican majorities in both states, capturing a total of 11 formerly Republican seats between them alone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028905-0002-0001", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections\nBitterly divisive struggles over temperance laws had also been alienating immigrants from the increasingly prohibitionist Republican Party across the Midwest more broadly. Dramatic losses in the previous year's gubernatorial elections in Iowa and Ohio (which would lose another 14 Republican congressional seats between them during this election) were due in no small part to wet immigrant communities, especially Germans, expressing their resentment toward Republican efforts to ban or otherwise curtail alcohol consumption by throwing their support behind the Democratic candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028905-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections\nThis election also saw the Populist Party, a coalition of farmers and laborers who wanted to overhaul the nation's financial system, make a small mark on Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028905-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries\nThe previous election of 1888 saw the election of one Labor Party representative in Arkansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 73], "content_span": [74, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028905-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections, Early election dates\nIn 1890, five states, with 9 seats among them, held elections early:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 75], "content_span": [76, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028905-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections, Early election dates\nIdaho and Wyoming held elections for both the outgoing 51st Congress and the incoming 52nd Congress in 1890, having been admitted that year, and held future elections on the standard election day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 75], "content_span": [76, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028905-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections, Idaho\nThere were two elections to the new state of Idaho.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 60], "content_span": [61, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028905-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections, Ohio\nThe Ohio Legislature redistricted the state between censuses. Coupled with other Democratic gains, this redistricting gave the Democrats a nine-seat net gain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 59], "content_span": [60, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028905-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections, Wyoming\nRepublican Clarence D. Clark was elected over Democrat George T. Beck in a single ballot both to finish the current term (ending 1891) and the next term (beginning 1891).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028906-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1890 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 4, 1890. Republicans picked up one Democratic-held district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028907-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida\nElections to the United States House of Representatives in Florida for the 52nd Congress were held November 4, 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028907-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background\nAt the time of the 1890 election, Florida had two Representatives in the House of Representatives, both Democrats. In the 1st district, Robert H. M. Davidson was in his seventh term, having been first elected in 1876, while the 2nd district was represented by Robert Bullock in his first term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 76], "content_span": [77, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028907-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Election results\nRobert H. M. Davidson did not win renomination for Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 82], "content_span": [83, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028908-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 4, 1890 to select seven Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. Two Democratic incumbents were re-elected, one Republican incumbent was defeated, and the four open seats were retained by the Democrats. The composition of the state delegation after the election was solely Democratic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028908-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Samuel Dibble of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1883, declined to seek re-election. William H. Brawley was nominated by the Democrats and he defeated Republican challenger William D. Crum in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028908-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman George D. Tillman of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1883, defeated Republican challenger Seymour E. Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028908-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman James S. Cothran of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1887, declined to seek re-election. George Johnstone won the Democratic primary and defeated Republican John R. Tolbert in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028908-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman William H. Perry of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1885, declined to seek re-election. George W. Shell won the Democratic primary and defeated Republican J.F. Ensor in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028908-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John J. Hemphill of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1883, defeated Republican challenger G.G. Alexander.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028908-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman George W. Dargan of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1883, declined to seek re-election. Eli T. Stackhouse was nominated by the Democrats and defeated Republican challenger Edmund H. Deas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028908-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 7th congressional district\nIncumbent Republican Congressman Thomas E. Miller of the 7th congressional district, in office since 1890, was defeated by Democratic challenger William Elliott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028909-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 United States census\nThe United States census of 1890 was taken beginning June 2, 1890 but most of the 1890 census materials were destroyed in 1921 when a building caught fire and in the subsequent disposal of the remaining damaged records. It determined the resident population of the United States to be 62,979,766\u2014an increase of 25.5 percent over the 50,189,209 persons enumerated during the 1880 census. The data reported that the distribution of the population had resulted in the disappearance of the American frontier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028909-0000-0001", "contents": "1890 United States census\nThis was the first census in which a majority of states recorded populations of over one million, as well as the first in which multiple cities\u2014New York as of 1880, Chicago, and Philadelphia\u2014recorded populations of over one million. The census also saw Chicago rise in rank to the nation's second most populous city, a position it would hold until Los Angeles (then 57th) would supplant it in 1990. This was the first U.S. census to use machines to tabulate the collected data.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028909-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 United States census, Methodology\nThe 1890 census was the first to be compiled using methods invented by Herman Hollerith and was overseen by Superintendents Robert P. Porter (1889\u20131893) and  Carroll D. Wright (1893\u20131897). Data was entered on a machine readable medium (punched cards) and tabulated by machine. Changes from the 1880 census included the larger population, the number of data items to be collected from individuals, the Census Bureau headcount, the volume of scheduled publications, and the use of Hollerith's electromechanical tabulators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028909-0001-0001", "contents": "1890 United States census, Methodology\nThe net effect of these changes was to reduce the time required to process the census from eight years for the 1880 census to six years for the 1890 census. The total population of 62,947,714, the family, or rough, count, was announced after only six weeks of processing (punched cards were not used for this tabulation). The public reaction to this tabulation was disbelief, as it was widely believed that the \"right answer\" was at least 75,000,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028909-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 United States census, Significant findings\nThe United States census of 1890 showed a total of 248,253 Native Americans living in the United States, down from  400,764 Native Americans identified in the census of 1850.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 47], "content_span": [48, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028909-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 United States census, Significant findings\nThe 1890 census announced that the frontier region of the United States no longer existed, and that the Census Bureau would no longer track the westward migration of the U.S. population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 47], "content_span": [48, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028909-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 United States census, Significant findings\nBy 1890, settlement in the American West had reached sufficient population density that the frontier line had disappeared. For the 1890 Census, the Census Bureau released a bulletin declaring the closing of the frontier, stating: \"Up to and including 1880 the country had a frontier of settlement, but at present the unsettled area has been so broken into by isolated bodies of settlement that there can hardly be said to be a frontier line. In the discussion of its extent, its westward movement, etc., it can not, therefore, any longer have a place in the census reports.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 47], "content_span": [48, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028909-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 United States census, Data availability\nThe original data for the 1890 census is mostly unavailable. The population schedules were damaged in a fire in the basement of the Commerce Building in Washington, D.C. in 1921. Some 25% of the materials were presumed destroyed and another 50% damaged by smoke and water (although the actual damage may have been closer to 15\u201325%). The damage to the records led to an outcry for a permanent National Archives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028909-0005-0001", "contents": "1890 United States census, Data availability\nIn December 1932, following standard federal record-keeping procedures, the Chief Clerk of the Bureau of the Census sent the Librarian of Congress a list of papers to be destroyed, including the original 1890 census schedules. The Librarian was asked by the Bureau to identify any records which should be retained for historical purposes, but the Librarian did not accept the census records. Congress authorized destruction of that list of records on February 21, 1933, and the surviving original 1890 census records were destroyed by government order by 1934 or 1935. Few sets of microdata from the 1890 census survive,. Aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 830]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028910-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 United States elections\nThe 1890 United States elections occurred in the middle of Republican President Benjamin Harrison's term. Members of the 52nd United States Congress were chosen in this election. The Republicans suffered major losses due to the Panic of 1890 and the unpopularity of the McKinley Tariff. The Populist Party also emerged as an important third party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028910-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 United States elections\nRepublicans suffered massive losses to Democrats in the House, and the Democrats took control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028910-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 United States elections\nIn the Senate, Democrats made minor gains, but Republicans kept control of the chamber. The Populists joined the Senate for the first time, electing two Senators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028910-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 United States elections, Further reading\nThis American elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 45], "content_span": [46, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028911-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1890, in 27 states, concurrent with the House and Senate elections, on November 4, 1890 (except in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Maine, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont and Wyoming, which held early elections).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028911-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 United States gubernatorial elections\nIn New Hampshire, the newly elected Governor's term began in the January following the election for the first time, rather than in the following June as previously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028911-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 United States gubernatorial elections\nIdaho and Wyoming held their first gubernatorial elections on achieving statehood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028912-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 VFA season\nThe 1890 Victorian Football Association season was the 14th season of the Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028912-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 VFA season\nThe premiership was won by the South Melbourne Football Club. It was the fifth premiership in the club's history, and the third out of a sequence of three consecutive premierships won from 1888 to 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028912-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 VFA season, 1890 VFA Ladder\nTeams did not play a uniform number of premiership matches during the season. As such, in the final standings, each team's premiership points were adjusted upwards proportionally to represent a 20-match season \u2013 e.g., South Melbourne played 19 matches, so its tally of premiership points was increased by a factor of 20/19. After this adjustment, there was no formal process for breaking a tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028913-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1890 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1890 college football season. The team's head coach and team captain was Elliott Jones, who served his first season in that capacity. In its inaugural season of play, Vandy played only one game, in Nashville, Tennessee, against Nashville Peabody Normal School.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028913-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Vandy's first game\nVanderbilt chemistry professor William Lofland Dudley was a member of the Vanderbilt Athletic Association, formed in 1886 with Dr. W. M. Baskerville as president. Most students at Vanderbilt were members. The early sports played on the Vanderbilt campus were baseball, bicycling, and track and field events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028913-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Vandy's first game\nVanderbilt played its first football game in 1890 at Nashville Athletic Park, against Nashville (Peabody). Vanderbilt won 40 to 0. Captain and fullback Elliott Jones recalled the meeting which beget the game. Dudley called for a meeting of the Athletic Association, after Peabody had issued a challenge to play a contest on Thanksgiving Day. He felt the challenge a serious matter; that the pride of the university was at stake. In front of some 150 students in the gymnasium, Dudley explained that if the challenge were met, a new era of athletics would be created with the game of football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028913-0002-0001", "contents": "1890 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Vandy's first game\nFrom his Kansas City law office many years later Jones remembered: \"There followed a general discussion of the whole situation. The difficulties, particularly the shortness of time for preparation, and the fact that regular football had not been theretofore played at Vanderbilt at all, were dealt upon. Many thought that it would be unfair to ourselves to hazard a contest under the circumstances. We knew that Peabody Normal had been playing intramural football for several years. The predominating note, however, for discussion was that we had never taken anything off Peabody Normal and should not do now. Finally, P. M. (Pat) Estes, then of St. Louis, made a motion to the effect that the challenge be accepted and that E. H. Jones be authorized and directed to organize and captain a team for the occasion. The motion was unanimously carried.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 910]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028913-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Vandy's first game\nOf Dudley, Elliott Jones said: \"Too much cannot be said about Dr. William L. Dudley in connection with early football at Vanderbilt. Since college days his picture has adored my office wall, and when asked by any one who the gentleman is, I always reply, 'The best friend of myself and every other student at Vanderbilt, in my college days.' He went with the team on every trip, and watched over us like a father.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028913-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Vandy's first game\n\"He was our inspiration as well as our guardian. He was our true and loyal friend, under any and all circumstances, in adversity as well in prosperity. I have never known a more lovable, more genuine friend. I cherish the memory of his friendship above all else in my college experience.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 60], "content_span": [61, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028914-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 2, 1890. Incumbent Republican William P. Dillingham, per the \"Mountain Rule\", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Carroll S. Page defeated Democratic candidate Herbert F. Brigham to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028915-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1890 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia in the 1890 college football season. The team had no known coach, and went 5\u20132 and claims a Southern championship. The  115\u20130 drubbing by Princeton  signaled football's arrival in the south.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028916-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Washington & Jefferson football team\nThe 1890 Washington & Jefferson football team was an American football team that represented Washington & Jefferson College during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20131 record, though Washington claims a 3\u20130 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028916-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Washington & Jefferson football team\nIn the team's final game against Wooster, Washington & Jefferson led, 4\u20130, in the second half. As Wooster drove close to the Washington & Jefferson goal line, several of the Washington & Jefferson players \"left the game and started at race horse speed for the dressing room, despite the cries on every side that time was not up and they still had 10 minutes to play.\" Wooster's captain grabbed the ball, ran the remaining three yards, and claimed a touchdown. Wooster then converted the kick for goal to take a 6 to 4 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028916-0001-0001", "contents": "1890 Washington & Jefferson football team\nThe Washington & Jefferson team then left the field with their ball, protesting the Wooster touchdown. The umpire, a Washington & Jefferson supporter, upheld the protest and awarded the game to his side. The referee, a Wooster supporter, rejected the protest and awarded the game to his side. Another account awarded the game to Wooster by default as a result of Washington & Jefferson leaving the grounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028917-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Washington football team\nThe 1890 Washington football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1890 college football season. The 1890 Washington team was the first team to represent the University of Washington. The team had only one game, playing Washington College to a scoreless tie on November 27, 1890, in Tacoma, Washington. For the second consecutive year, Frank Griffiths was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028918-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 West Cavan by-election\nThe West Cavan by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of West Cavan on 26 March 1890. The election was caused by the death of the sitting member, Joseph Biggar of the Irish National Federation. Only one candidate was nominated, Edmund Vesey Knox of the Irish National Federation, and was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028919-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 West Donegal by-election\nThe West Donegal by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of West Donegal on 30 May 1890. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, Patrick O'Hea of the Irish Parliamentary Party. Only one candidate was nominated, James Joseph Dalton of the Irish Parliamentary Party, who was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028920-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 West Macquarie colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of West Macquarie on 6 December 1890 because Paddy Crick (Protectionist) was expelled for outrageous behaviour in the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028920-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 West Macquarie colonial by-election, Background\nCrick was notable for his verbal aggression in the house, especially when drunk, and in October 1889 he called several parliamentarians \"bloody Orange hounds and thieves\" and William McMillan moved a motion that \"That Mr. Crick, the hon. member for West Macquarie, is guilty of having wilfully and vexatiously interrupted tho committee in the orderly coronet of the business of the House, wherefore this House adjudges him guilty of contempt of the House\". The motion was passed by the Assembly and Crick stated \"If any hon. member thought he was going to apologise to the Government he was making a great mistake. ... he would sooner be kicked out of the House on what he considered a looting of the Treasury than remain a member of it\". Crick then walked out of the house.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 827]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028920-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 West Macquarie colonial by-election, Background\nOn 12 November 1890 there was a debate involving McMillan when Crick interjected, with McMillan stating to Crick \"You are nobody\", with Crick responding in kind and describing McMillan as a makeshift. Ninian Melville, the Chairman of Committees called on McMillan to withdraw the expression and he did so. The Chairman then asked Crick to withdraw his expression. Crick debated the matter with the Chairman before withdrawing it. The Chairman then repeatedly asked Crick to apologise for interjecting during proceedings and he refused to do so until after McMillan had apologised for the insult.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028920-0002-0001", "contents": "1890 West Macquarie colonial by-election, Background\nThe Chairman instructed the serjeant-at-arms, Laurence Harnett, to remove Crick, who resisted stating \"Don't you handle me. I will not be bullied by Melville or any one else. I will not go out, and I say so point-blank\". Crick was then physically removed by the serjeant-at-arms and attendants. The disturbance was reported to the Speaker, Joseph Abbott, who directed that Crick be allowed into the chamber to provide his explanation. Crick argued with Speaker stating \"I am certainly not going to allow the Chair to knock me into a sort of pulverised sausage\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028920-0002-0002", "contents": "1890 West Macquarie colonial by-election, Background\nCrick continued to argue with the Speaker who then instructed the serjeant-at-arms to again remove Crick. Whilst he was being forcibly removed, Crick stated \"you got \u00a32,000 for putting the Broken Hill Water Supply Bill through. That is what I tell you; and I tell the Chairman of Committees that he got \u00a31,000; and I tell you you are both a pair of thieves and robbers of the country\". Sir Henry Parkes moved that Crick be expelled for his disorderly conduct before the committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028920-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 West Macquarie colonial by-election, Background\nAfter debate had commenced on the motion, Crick attempted to resign with his letter stating \"Mr Speaker, I consider Parliament rotten and corrupt. You put me out to-night, fearing my tongue and consequent exposure. I resign my seat, and intend to appeal to my constituents against a rotten and corrupt parliament, in which freedom of speech is brutally stifled and suppressed in order to cover up crime\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028920-0003-0001", "contents": "1890 West Macquarie colonial by-election, Background\nIn the debate various euphemisms were put as to the extent of Crick's consumption of alcohol, including that he was not in a fit condition to be heard, was slightly excited, having just returned from the Melbourne Cup, where \"joviality ... reigned triumphant ... where Bacchus is the chief god\". Alexander Hutchison stated that \"it was worse than useless to ask a drunken man to come into an assemblage of gentlemen to make an explanation of his conduct\". Crick's resignation was not treated as effective and he was expelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028920-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 West Macquarie colonial by-election, Aftermath\nAt a meeting at the Lagoon, Major Butler asked \"Is it true, Mr. Crick, that you stated that there was not a  virtuous woman in West Macquarie?\" Crick alleged he then stated \"I  was told so; and, more than that, I  believe that you did say so\". Crick sued Butler for slander, however the jury found for Butler. The Full Court of the Supreme Court held that a question put bona fide by an elector in the course of an election meeting would not be slanderous. Further the charge was so improbable that Crick's reputation was not injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028921-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 West Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of West Sydney on 26 July 1890 because of the death of Alfred Lamb (Free Trade).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028922-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 West Waterford by-election\nThe West Waterford by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of West Waterford on 24 February 1890. The vacancy arose because of the death of the sitting member, Douglas Pyne of the Irish Parliamentary Party. Pyne had disappeared off a boat in November 1888, and was presumed drowned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028922-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 West Waterford by-election\nOnly one candidate was nominated, Alfred Webb of the Irish Parliamentary Party, who was therefore elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028923-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Western Australian colonial election\nElections were held in the Colony of Western Australia in December 1890 to elect 30 members to the Legislative Assembly. They were the first elections to be held for the Legislative Assembly, which had been created earlier in the year by a new constitution that granted Western Australia responsible self-government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028923-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Western Australian colonial election, Background\nHistorian Brian De Garis describes the 1890 election as \"a rather quiet affair\". There were no organised political parties (or even factions), and no government to be voted in or out of office. The Legislative Assembly had been established by Western Australia's new constitution, which was enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom on 21 August 1890 and proclaimed in Perth on 21 October 1890. Prior to that, the Legislative Council, an only partially elective body, had been the sole chamber of parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028923-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Western Australian colonial election, Results\nOnly 11 out of the 30 seats were contested at the election, and only two were contested by more than two candidates. Prior to the election, there had been some doubts expressed (notably by Septimus Burt) as to whether enough suitable candidates would come forward. In several uncontested electorates, an informal election was held before the official polling day, in which members of local organisations determined their preferred representative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028923-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Western Australian colonial election, Aftermath\nThe Governor of Western Australia, Sir William Robinson, decided that he would not commission a government until the elections had been held. It had initially been assumed that Stephen Henry Parker would be chosen as Western Australia's first premier, but John Forrest actively sought the position, arguing that he was the only candidate with prior governmental experience (as a former Surveyor-General). Governor Robinson asked Forrest to form a government on 22 December 1890, and he and the rest of his new ministry were sworn in on 29 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 52], "content_span": [53, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028924-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team\nThe 1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team was an American football team represented Western University of Pennsylvania, now known as the University of Pittsburgh, as an independent during the 1890 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028924-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap\nThanks to the initiative of Bert Smyers and John Scott, the Western University of Pennsylvania Athletic Association met during the 1899-90 school year and elected committees for the sports of baseball and football. Smyers and Scott organized a football team that fall and played one game, which they lost to Shadyside Academy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 67], "content_span": [68, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028924-0001-0001", "contents": "1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap\nThe lineup \"in addition to Scott, captain and center, and Smyers, quarterback, included Anson B. McGrew and Frank Rhea at guards, Harry S. Calvert and John McGrew as tackles, E. C. Shaler and George H. Calvert at ends, Joseph B. Griggs and William C. Gill at halfbacks, and John M. Hansen as fullback.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 67], "content_span": [68, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028924-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap\nDuring the second meeting a tennis committee was added to the association. An initiation fee for the student population was set at fifty cents for the school year or twenty-five cents for the semester.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 67], "content_span": [68, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028924-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap\nThe student publication, The University Courant, reported strong interest in football with prospective players training in the university's gymnasium. By the fall of 1890, the school had a football team ready to compete. The first varsity football team of the Western University of Pennsylvania (WUP) compiled a 2\u20132 record and was outscored by a total of 74 to 22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 67], "content_span": [68, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028924-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap\nThe starting lineup for the 1890 season was John Scott (center/captain), John McGrew (left guard), Anson McGrew (right guard), Harry Calvert (tackle), James Price (right tackle), John Murray (left end), William Dorrington (right end), Bert Smyers (quarterback), Joseph Griggs (left halfback), Alfred Hamilton (right halfback), and Frank Rhea (fullback). Charles Zug, John Stephenson, John Hansen and Lorens Robbins were the substitutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 67], "content_span": [68, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028924-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Allegheny Athletic Association\nInitially, the 1890 Western University of Pennsylvania had a three-game schedule. On Saturday October 11, the team assembled at Exposition Park to play the Allegheny Athletic Association team due to a cancellation by the Shadyside Academy eleven. The Pittsburgh Press recapped the game rather succinctly:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 101], "content_span": [102, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028924-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Allegheny Athletic Association\n\"The Western University Boys Completely Overwhelmed - About 500 people witnessed the football game and athletic sports at Exposition Park yesterday afternoon. The Western University eleven was substituted for the Shady Side Academy gang but the collegians were not in it with the Allegheny Athletic association gang, who won by a score of 38 to 0\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 101], "content_span": [102, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028924-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Allegheny Athletic Association\nThe Pittsburgh Dispatch had a more detailed account. The weather was unpleasant and so there was not much of a crowd. O.D. Thompson scored the first touchdown for the Allegheny eleven. Robinson kicked the goal after and WUP was down 6-0. AA teammates Thompson, Robinson and Wilkinson each scored another first half touchdown and Fry converted a goal kick after to account for the 20-0 halftime lead. The Allegheny eleven tacked on eighteen more second half points to reach the 38-0 final score. The following Thursday, the team received their uniforms from Pratt's Sporting Goods.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 101], "content_span": [102, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028924-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Washington & Jefferson\nFor their next game, the WUPs traveled to Washington, Pennsylvania to take on Washington & Jefferson. The WUPs were again defeated handily 32-0. The Pittsburgh Press again recapped the game with a short paragraph:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 96], "content_span": [97, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028924-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Washington & Jefferson\n\"In a game between the Western University eleven and the Washington and Jefferson eleven this afternoon the Washington boys were victorious by the score of 32 to 0. Quite a kick was occasioned by the Washington and Jefferson eleven putting their trainer, Lynch, in the field. The University boys objected to this, and for a while it looked as if no game would be played. Eventually Lynch was withdrawn just as the Pittsburg boys were leaving the grounds\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 96], "content_span": [97, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028924-0010-0000", "contents": "1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Kiskiminetas School\nThe second road game of the season was to Saltsburg, Pa. to play the team representing the Kiskiminetas School. The WUP eleven prevailed in a hard fought scrimmage and won their first game 12-10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 93], "content_span": [94, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028924-0011-0000", "contents": "1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Geneva\nFor the final game of their first season of football, the WUPs traveled to Beaver Falls to take on the Covies of Geneva College. The WUPs, who were outweighed by twenty pounds per man, defeated Geneva for their second victory. The Pittsburgh Press summarized the action:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 80], "content_span": [81, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028924-0012-0000", "contents": "1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Geneva\n\"The football game between the Western University eleven and the Geneva college team at Beaver Falls yesterday resulted in a score of 10 to 4 in favor of the University boys. In the first half a bad pass gave the ball to Reed, who succeeded in making a touchdown, scoring the only point for the Geneva team. A touchdown by Calvert and a place kick by Griggs gave the University eleven six points. A vigorous push put the ball over the line again bringing the University score up to 10. Although the Geneva boys averaged about 20 pounds more than the University eleven, yet the latter managed to push them all over the field\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 80], "content_span": [81, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028924-0013-0000", "contents": "1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Roster\nThe roster of the 1890 Western University of Pennsylvania football team:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 61], "content_span": [62, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028925-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Wilkes-Barre tornado\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by RJFJR (talk | contribs) at 20:01, 9 September 2020 (Filled in 5 bare reference(s) with reFill 2). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028925-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Wilkes-Barre tornado\nThe 1890 Wilkes-Barre tornado occurred on Tuesday, August 19, 1890, in Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. It tore through the city as an estimated F3. The tornado killed 16 people, injured 50, damaged or destroyed 260 buildings, and cost at least $240,000 (in 1890 money). It was one of the deadliest tornadoes in Pennsylvania history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028925-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Wilkes-Barre tornado, Events of August 19, 1890, Touchdown\nIt\u2019s believed that on the afternoon of August 19, 1890, the tornado touched down west of Nanticoke as an estimated F0. According to Professor Thomas Santee, \"A brisk gust of wind passed through Nanticoke and the dust and light articles rose in a whirlwind, while a large maple tree was blown down at the east end of the Nanticoke Bridge.\" The tornado then traveled eastward into Hanover Township (along the bank of the Susquehanna River).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028925-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Wilkes-Barre tornado, Events of August 19, 1890, Touchdown\n\"Following the bank of the river which is in a direction nearly east, for a short distance the trees are marked by the characteristic twisting off of branches and further on the field was strewn with light debris consisting of bark of trees and small bits of wood which had been carried by the storm.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028925-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Wilkes-Barre tornado, Events of August 19, 1890, Touchdown\n\"Then for about a mile there is no distinct trace of the storm but from Butzbach's Landing, the effects become clearer, abundant and characteristic, leading past the north side of the cemetery at Hanover Green.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028925-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Wilkes-Barre tornado, Events of August 19, 1890, Striking Wilkes-Barre\nThe storm then veered north and entered South Wilkes-Barre at about 5:30 pm. In 1890, nearly 38,000 people lived in the city. The tornado intensified to an F3 as it moved deeper into the municipality. It struck Main Street and swept northward to Wood Street. The tornado then widened and walloped Franklin Street. The tornado may have been 300 yards wide at that point. The storm continued to tear through the municipality (mostly in the industrial section). Eventually the tornado worked its way out of the city. It ended in a heavily wooded area just east of Wilkes-Barre.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 75], "content_span": [76, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028925-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 Wilkes-Barre tornado, Events of August 19, 1890, Striking Wilkes-Barre\n\u201cHundreds of houses were unroofed, partially blown over and completely demolished\u201d stated one dispatch. Passenger trains and locomotives were blown over. Brick buildings either had their upper stories torn away or were completely leveled. The tornado killed 16 people, injured 50, damaged or destroyed 260 buildings, and cost at least $240,000 (in 1890 money).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 75], "content_span": [76, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028926-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1890 Wimbledon Championships was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 30 June until 7 July. It was the 14th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1890. Bonham Carter Evelegh took over as referee from Julian Marshall. The rule for change-overs was altered to after every odd game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028926-0000-0001", "contents": "1890 Wimbledon Championships\nThere were 30 competitors for the men's singles and only four competitors for the women's singles, the smallest entry ever for any competition at Wimbledon. The final of the women's singles competition, which started on 2 July, was played on 5 July, while the men's singles final was played on 7 July and the men's doubles were played on 21\u201323 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028926-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Gentlemen's Singles\nWilloughby Hamilton defeated  William Renshaw, 6\u20138, 6\u20132, 3\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028926-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Gentlemen's Doubles\nJoshua Pim /  Frank Stoker defeated  George Hillyard /  Ernest Lewis, 6\u20130, 7\u20135, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028927-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Doubles\nJoshua Pim and Frank Stoker defeated George Hillyard and Ernest Lewis 6\u20130, 7\u20135, 6\u20134 in the All Comers' Final to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1890 Wimbledon Championships. The reigning champions Ernest Renshaw and William Renshaw did not defend their title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028928-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Singles\nWilloughby Hamilton defeated Harry Barlow, 2\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 4\u20136, 7\u20135 in the All Comers' Final, and then defeated the reigning champion William Renshaw, 6\u20138, 6\u20132, 3\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1890 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028929-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Ladies' Singles\nLena Rice defeated May Jacks 6\u20134, 6\u20131 in the All Comers' Final to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1889 Wimbledon Championships. The reigning champion Blanche Hillyard did not defend her title. Despite previous draws there were only four competitors in the tournament, the smallest entry ever for any competition at Wimbledon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028930-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Windermere School\nThe 1890 Windermere School (also known as the Armstrong-Parramore House) is a historic school in Windermere, Florida, United States. The school served the community between 1890 and 1916, then as a community center through 1923. In 1995 the Armstrong-Parramore family, who owned the land and building, donated it to the city. The schoolhouse is located at 113 West Seventh Avenue. On June 5, 2003, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028931-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1890 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1890 college football season. This season marked the largest margin of victory in Wisconsin Badgers football history, a 106\u20130 win to open the season against Whitewater Normal, and the first game between the Badgers and the Minnesota Golden Gophers, the most played rivalry in Division I football history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028932-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028932-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Republican Governor William D. Hoard was defeated by Democratic nominee George Wilbur Peck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028932-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nPeck became the first Democratic Governor of Wisconsin since William Robert Taylor in 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028932-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Bibliography\nThis Wisconsin elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028933-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 World Allround Speed Skating Championships\nThe 1890 World Allround Speed Skating Championships took place at 3 and 4 January at the ice rink Museumplein in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It's an unofficial championship because the ISU was founded in 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028933-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 World Allround Speed Skating Championships\nFour distances were skated at the World Championship, the \u00bd mile (805 meter), the 1 mile (1609 meter),  the 2 miles (3219 meter) and the 5 miles (8047 meter). One became champion if one won three of the four distances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028933-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 World Allround Speed Skating Championships\nThe Norwegian Adolf Norseng did not become World Champion because he only won two distances of the four. He skated the fastest \u00bd mile in qualifying but finished second in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028933-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 World Allround Speed Skating Championships, Rules\nOne could only win the World Championships by winning at three of the four distances, so there would be no World Champion if no skater won three distances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028933-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 World Allround Speed Skating Championships, Rules\nThe winner of the \u00bd mile was decided by a final of the best four skaters of the distance. If the same time was skated a skate-off is skated to decide the ranking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028934-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 World Series\nThe 1890 World Series was an end-of-the-year baseball playoff series between the National League champion Brooklyn Bridegrooms (later known as the Dodgers) and the American Association champion Louisville Colonels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028934-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 World Series\nThis Series was part of the pre-modern-era World Series, an annual competition between the champions of the National League and the American Association. The best-of-7 games Series ended without resolution. Each club won 3 games, with 1 game ending in a tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028934-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 World Series\nAfter losing the 1889 World Series to their \"cross-town\" rivals, the New York Giants (Brooklyn was actually a separate city until 1898), the Bridegrooms came back strong and won the National League pennant in 1890, the first  major league club to win consecutive pennants in two different leagues (the only other being the Boston Reds (1890\u201391)).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028934-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 World Series\nThe major league world was in turmoil in 1890, as many of the best players had jumped to an outlaw organization called the Players' League. Although the Brotherhood only lasted the one season, it had a detrimental financial effect on the other two leagues, especially the Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028934-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 World Series\nAlthough the Boston Reds of the Players' League were probably the best team in the majors, and had floated the idea of a three-way World Series, the established leagues ignored them and made arrangements for the usual NL-AA contest, this time to be a conventional best-4-of-7 Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028934-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 World Series\nThe games were held at the Bridegrooms' home field, Washington Park, and the Colonels' home field, Eclipse Park. The first four were played in Louisville (including a tie in Game 3), and the remainder of the Series was scheduled for Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028934-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 World Series\nThe Series commenced on October 17 and concluded on October 28. The weather had become progressively worse as the Series wore on, and prior to Game 7, the two managers agreed that this would be the final game, and if Louisville won the game to square the Series at 3\u20133\u20131 (which they did), that there would be a deciding championship game the following spring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028934-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 World Series\nUnfortunately for that plan, the championship game was never held. Disputes arose between the National League and the American Association during the winter about the redistribution of players following the dissolution of the Players' League. The Association ended its relationship with the League before the spring of 1891, so the anticipated championship game was canceled, and no World Series was held in 1891. The 1891 pennant winners would be the Boston Beaneaters of the NL and the Boston Reds of the AA, who had joined the Association from the Players' League. This would turn out to be the only time two Boston clubs would win their respective league championships. It would also turn out to be the second (and last) time that a club won pennants in consecutive years in different leagues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028934-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 World Series\nFollowing the 1891 season, the Association folded, and four clubs were brought into the League. The League would attempt a championships series during the 1890s called the Temple Cup Series, which would prove to be better organized and better attended than the NL-AA contests, and would help pave the way to the modern World Series that would begin in 1903.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028935-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Wyoming gubernatorial election\nThe 1890 Wyoming gubernatorial election was held on September 11, 1890, as the first gubernatorial election for the newly admitted state of Wyoming. Incumbent Territorial Governor Francis E. Warren ran for re-election as the Republican nominee against former Territorial Governor George W. Baxter, the Democratic nominee. Warren defeated Baxter by a decisive margin and became the first popularly elected Governor of Wyoming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028935-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Wyoming gubernatorial election\nHowever, shortly after Warren's term began as Governor, he was elected to the U.S. Senate by the newly constituted state legislature, and he resigned on November 24, 1890. Accordingly, Secretary of State Amos W. Barber became Governor and a special gubernatorial election was held in 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028935-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Wyoming gubernatorial election, Party conventions\nPrior to the adoption of Wyoming's primary law in 1911, the political parties nominated their candidates for office by convention. Prior to the start of the Republican convention, incumbent Territorial Governor Francis E. Warren was seen as the likeliest, and the strongest, candidate. The Republican Party ultimately nominated Warren, though his poor health at the time raised the possibility that he might need to be replaced on the ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028935-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Wyoming gubernatorial election, Party conventions\nPrior to the Democratic convention, speculation swirled around three names: former Territorial Governor George W. Baxter; banker T. B. Hicks; and Evanston businessman A. C. Beckwith. Baxter was ultimately nominated by the Democratic convention by acclamation, queueing up a contest between two different territorial governors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028936-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Wyoming state elections\nA general election was held in the U.S. state of Wyoming on September 11, 1890, to elect the state's executive officers\u2014the Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, and Superintendent of Public Instruction\u2014which were created in the state constitution adopted in 1889. This was the first election in which these offices were for election. The Republican Party performed well, carrying all of them by double-digit margins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028936-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Wyoming state elections, Governor\nIncumbent Territorial Governor Francis E. Warren ran for re-election as Governor, facing former Territorial Governor George W. Baxter, the Democratic nominee, in the general election. Warren defeated Baxter by a wide margin, but he did not serve as Governor for long. He was elected to the U.S. Senate a few weeks into his term and resigned as Governor, elevating Secretary of State Amos W. Barber to the Governorship and triggering a special election in 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028936-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 Wyoming state elections, Secretary of State\nAmos W. Barber, a surgeon from Cheyenne, was nominated by the Republicans for Secretary of State. The Democratic Party nominated former Crook County Clerk John S. Harper. Barber defeated Harper by a wide margin to win his first, and only, term as Secretary of State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028936-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 Wyoming state elections, Auditor\nIn the race for Auditor, the Republican convention nominated Charles W. Burdick, who served as a member of the Wyoming Territorial Council prior to statehood. He was challenged by George A. Campbell, the Democratic nominee. Burdick defeated Campbell by a wide margin to win the first election for State Auditor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028936-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 Wyoming state elections, State Treasurer\nThe Republican convention nominated Otto Gramm, the Albany County Treasurer, as its nominee in the first statewide election for Treasurer The Democratic nominee was Isaac C. Miller, a wool grower from Rawlins. Gramm defeated Miller by a wide margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 45], "content_span": [46, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028936-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 Wyoming state elections, Superintendent of Public Instruction\nAt the Republican convention, Stephen T. Farwell, the former Johnson County Treasurer, was named as the Republican nominee for Superintendent. The Democratic convention nominated Anthony V. Quinn, a former member of the Territorial Council. Farwell defeated Quinn by a wide margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028937-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1890 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1890 college football season. In its third year under head coach Walter Camp, the team compiled a 13\u20131 record, recorded 12 shutouts, and outscored all opponents by a total of 486 to 18. Its only loss was to rival Harvard by a 12\u20136 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028937-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThree Yale players (halfback Thomas McClung, guard Pudge Heffelfinger, and tackle William Rhodes) were consensus picks for the 1890 College Football All-America Team. All three have also been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections\nThe United States Senate elections of 1890 and 1891 were elections in which the Republican Party lost four seats in the United States Senate, though still retaining a slim majority. That majority was increased, however, upon the admission of two more states with Republican senators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections\nAs this election was prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections, Change in Senate composition, Before the elections\nAfter the admission of Montana's new senators in January 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 51st Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were seated during 1890 or in 1891 before March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 52nd Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1891; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Election during the 52nd Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were elected in 1891 after March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 95], "content_span": [96, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections, Idaho\nIn July 1890, Idaho became a state. In November, Fred Dubois helped engineer a plan for the Idaho Legislature to effectively elect three people to the U.S. Senate: Governor George Shoup to the class 2 seat up for election in 1894, state constitutional convention member William J. McConnell to serve for the remainder of the Fifty-first United States Congress, ending in March 1891, and Dubois himself to succeed McConnell and serve a full six-year term in the class 3 seat beginning in March 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0007-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe New York election was held January 20 and 21, 1891, by the New York State Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0008-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections, New York\nRepublican William M. Evarts had been elected to this seat in 1885, and his term would expire on March 3, 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0009-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections, New York\nAt the State election in November 1889, 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1890-1891) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1890, 68 Democrats and 60 Republicans were elected for the session of 1891 to the Assembly. The 114th New York State Legislature met from January 6 to April 30, 1891, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0010-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe Democratic caucus met on January 19, 74 State legislators attended, and State Senator John C. Jacobs presided. Governor David B. Hill was nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0011-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe Republican caucus met immediately after the Democratic caucus ended, Assemblyman James W. Husted presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator William M. Evarts unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0012-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections, New York\nOn January 20, both Houses of the State legislature took ballots separately. The incumbent U.S. Senator Evarts was the choice of the State Senate, Governor Hill the choice of the Assembly. On January 21, both Houses met in joint session, and comparing nominations, found that they disagreed and proceeded to a joint ballot. Governor Hill was elected by a majority of 2, every member of the Legislature being present.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0013-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe seat became vacant on March 4, 1891. David B. Hill remained in office as Governor of New York until December 31, 1891, and took his seat only on January 7, 1892, missing actually only one month of session. There were no special sessions during the 52nd United States Congress and the regular session began only on December 7, 1891. Hill served a single term, and remained in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1897. In January 1897, Hill was defeated for re-election by Republican Thomas C. Platt who had been a U.S. Senator briefly in 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0014-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania\nThe Pennsylvania election was held on January 20, 1891. J. Donald Cameron was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028938-0015-0000", "contents": "1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania\nThe Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 20, 1891. Incumbent Republican J. Donald Cameron, who was elected in an 1877 special election and re-elected in 1879 and 1885, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028939-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 college football season\nThe 1890 college football season was the season of American football played among colleges and universities in the United States during the 1890\u201391 academic year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028939-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 college football season\nThe 1890 Harvard Crimson football team compiled a perfect 11\u20130 record, outscored opponents by a total of 555 to 12, and was recognized as the national champion by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028939-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 college football season\nIn the Midwest, the Baker Methodists defeated the Kansas Jayhawks by a score of 22\u20139 in the first college football game played in Kansas. In the South, Vanderbilt Commodores defeated Nashville (Peabody), 40\u20130, in the first college football game played in Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028939-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 college football season\nAs the popularity of the sport increased, several notable programs were established in 1890, including Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, and Vanderbilt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028939-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 college football season\nAll eleven players selected by Caspar Whitney for the 1890 All-America college football team came from the Big Three (Harvard Princeton, and Yale). Three of the honorees have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame: Harvard's great tackle Marshall \"Ma\" Newell, Yale's guard Pudge Heffelfinger, and Yale's halfback Thomas \"Bum\" McClung.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028939-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 college football season, Conference standings\nThe following is a potentially incomplete list of conference standings:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028941-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1890 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028942-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028942-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1890 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028942-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1890 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028943-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in Australian soccer\nThe 1890 season was the seventh season of competitive association football in Australia. The were two league competitions and two cup competitions fielded by Northern District British Football Association (Northern NSW) and the South British Football Soccer Association (New South Wales).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028943-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 in Australian soccer, Cup competitions\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 43], "content_span": [44, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028947-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in Canada, Historical Documents\nEditorial tries to convince eastern Canadians to go west instead of south", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028947-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 in Canada, Historical Documents\nBritish Methodist Episcopal bishop steals hearts of Canadian Methodist conference participants (Note: racial stereotypes)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028947-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 in Canada, Historical Documents\nAustralians advised to avoid Canada's example of \"disunion\" as they consider federation", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028947-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 in Canada, Historical Documents\nBritish socialist newspaper decries \"that venerable fraud and child kidnapper, Doctor Barnardo\" shipping boys to Canada", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028947-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 in Canada, Historical Documents\nVictoria, B.C. Free Public Library has popular novels of Scott, Dickens, Trollope and Thackeray, and also Bulwer, Yonge, Braddon and Ouida", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028947-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 in Canada, Historical Documents\nMontreal impresaria brings Metropolitan Opera orchestra (featuring Victor Herbert) to play symphonic favourites", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028947-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 in Canada, Historical Documents\nLong neglected, foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) is coming back into favour in gardens", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028948-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1890, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 89], "content_span": [90, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028949-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1890 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028954-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in India, Deaths\nThis year in India article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028956-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in Italy, Events\nThe 1889 Italian Penal Code, commonly known as Zanardelli Code enters into force. It was named after Giuseppe Zanardelli, then Minister of Justice, who promoted the approval of the code. It unified penal legislation in Italy, abolished capital punishment and recognised the right to strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028958-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1890 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028958-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nThe number of members of the House of Representatives is cut from 95 to 74. The New Zealand Legislative Council has 39 members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028958-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 in New Zealand, Sport, Athletics\nThe first athletics team to compete overseas travels to Sydney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028958-0003-0000", "contents": "1890 in New Zealand, Sport, Athletics\nAt the National Championships the 3 miles, Pole vault and Shot put are held for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028958-0004-0000", "contents": "1890 in New Zealand, Sport, Polo\nThe Savile Cup, the premier polo trophy in New Zealand, is held for the first time. It is presented by and named after the aide-de-camp to the Governor of New Zealand, The Earl of Onslow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028958-0005-0000", "contents": "1890 in New Zealand, Sport, Swimming\nThe New Zealand Amateur Swimming Association is formally constituted on 4 January. It is the second national governing body in the world after the A.S.A. of England. A subsequent disagreement between the North and South Island clubs leads to the formation of a rival association in the North Island known as the New Zealand Amateur Swimming Association Registered. The two associations remain apart until uniting on 21 March 1904.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028958-0006-0000", "contents": "1890 in New Zealand, Sport, Swimming\nThe first national titles are instituted. Each event is held at a separate carnival (this continues until 1905 when a single championships is held for the first time). In the first year there are 2 separate carnivals for 100 yards and thus 2 different champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028960-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1890 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028961-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in Portugal\nEvents in the year 1890 in Portugal. There were 951,000 registered voters in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028964-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1890 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028966-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in Swedish football\nThe 1890 season in Swedish football, starting January 1890 and ending December 1890:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028967-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1890 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028970-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1890 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028971-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1890  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028972-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in birding and ornithology\nBirds described in 1890 include the bamboo warbler, blue-capped ifrit, red satinbird, Espa\u00f1ola cactus finch, grey-striped spurfowl, hooded cuckooshrike, Laysan finch, maroon-naped sunbird, Patagonian tinamou and Townsend's shearwater.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028973-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in film\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1890 in film, including a list of films released and notable births and deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028974-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028976-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028976-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms\nA small betulaceous fruit; moved to Palaeocarpinus dentatus in 2003", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028977-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028977-0001-0000", "contents": "1890 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028977-0002-0000", "contents": "1890 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028978-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028979-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in science\nThe year 1890 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028980-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in sports\n1890 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028981-0000-0000", "contents": "1890 in the Congo Free State\nThe following lists events that happened during 1890 in the Congo Free State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028984-0000-0000", "contents": "1890s\nThe 1890s (pronounced \"eighteen-nineties\") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1890, and ended on December 31, 1899.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [5, 5], "content_span": [6, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028984-0001-0000", "contents": "1890s\nIn the United States, the 1890s were marked by a severe economic depression sparked by the Panic of 1893. This economic crisis would help bring about the end of the so-called \"Gilded Age\", and coincided with numerous industrial strikes in the industrial workforce. The period was sometimes referred to as the \"Mauve Decade\", because William Henry Perkin's aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that color in fashion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [5, 5], "content_span": [6, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028984-0002-0000", "contents": "1890s, Popular culture, Sports\nThe 1896 Summer Olympics officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad, was the first international Olympic Games held in modern history", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 30], "content_span": [31, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028984-0003-0000", "contents": "1890s, Popular culture, Other\n1885-1913 Annie Oakley, Li'l Sure Shot performed throughout US and Europe with Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 5], "section_span": [7, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028985-0000-0000", "contents": "1890s African rinderpest epizootic\nIn the 1890s, an epizootic of the rinderpest virus struck Africa, considered to be \"the most devastating epidemic to hit southern Africa in the late nineteenth century\". It killed more than 5.2 million cattle south of the Zambezi, as well as domestic oxen, sheep, and goats, and wild populations of buffalo, giraffe, and wildebeest. This led to starvation resulting in the death of an estimated third of the human population of Ethiopia and two-thirds of the Maasai people of Tanzania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028985-0001-0000", "contents": "1890s African rinderpest epizootic, History\nThe virus is thought to have been introduced into Eritrea in 1887 by Indian cattle brought by the Italians for their campaign against Somalia. It spread throughout the Horn of Africa, and crossed the Zambezi in March of 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028985-0002-0000", "contents": "1890s African rinderpest epizootic, Further reading\nThis African history\u2013related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 51], "content_span": [52, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028986-0000-0000", "contents": "1890s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons\nThis article encompasses the 1890s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028986-0001-0000", "contents": "1890s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons, 1890 season, June 1890 Muscat cyclone\nThis system formed off the west coast of India during the first week of June and moved northwest towards the Arabian peninsula. Approaching the Gulf of Oman, strong winds and heavy rains affected Sur during the afternoon on June 4. Rain spread west that evening towards Muscat, where winds increased to hurricane-force from the north-northeast early on June 5. The eye of the storm made landfall at Sohar at dusk on June 5, eventually dissipating well inland. Heavy rains fell at the hospital in Muscat, where 11.24 inches (285\u00a0mm) were recorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 79], "content_span": [80, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028986-0001-0001", "contents": "1890s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons, 1890 season, June 1890 Muscat cyclone\nThis led to flooding which took several hundred lives. Several thousand date trees were uprooted by the storm's winds and carried away by its floods. Several homes were leveled in Muscat and Mutrah. Fifty perished from downing near the coast or being buried by debris. Overall, 727\u00a0people lost their lives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 79], "content_span": [80, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028986-0002-0000", "contents": "1890s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons, 1895 season, 1895 Balochistan cyclone\nIn 1895, a cyclonic storm hit the Makran coast in Balochistan province in modern-day Pakistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 79], "content_span": [80, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0000-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1890 season\nThere were 14\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0001-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1891 season\nThere were 18\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0002-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1892 season\nThere were 20\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0003-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1893 season\nThere were 20\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0004-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1894 season\nThere were 14\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0005-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1894 season\nA tropical storm was first reported on October 1, which quickly moved westward across the Philippine archipelago. It moved northwestward through the South China Sea and slowed its forward motion. Over 27\u00a0hours, the system brought gale-force winds to Hong Kong, the longest duration as of 1955, due to the storm's slow movement and landfall on southern China on October 5. The storm also dropped 279.9\u00a0mm (11.02\u00a0in) of rainfall over 24\u00a0hours, making it the wettest storm in Hong Kong as of 1955. On the next day, the storm dissipated after turning to the northeast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0006-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1895 season\nThere were 16\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0007-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1896 season\nThere were 18\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0008-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1896 season\nA tropical cyclone was observed on July 26 to the east of the Philippines. The system moved quickly to the northwest, crossing the extreme northern Luzon island on July 28. Next day, the storm struck southeastern China near Hong Kong, dissipating on July 30. At Hong Kong, where the storm produced winds of 128\u00a0km/h (79\u00a0mph) continuously for one hour, which was the highest hourly wind speed there as of 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0009-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1897 season\nThere were 13\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0010-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1898 season\nThere were 19\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1898.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0011-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1899 season\nThere were 19\u00a0tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1899.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0012-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1899 season\nOn April 23 a tropical storm was reported southeast of Guam. It moved northwest and passed very close to Guam before moving to the north. It dissipated on April 28.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0013-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1899 season\nOn May 18 a typhoon appeared to the east of Visayan Islands and moved inland on May 21. After crossing over into the South China Sea the storm moved northward. It passed through the Taiwan Strait between the 26 and 27 of May. On May 28 the storm was pushed out to sea by an advancing cold front and absorbed on May 29.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0014-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1899 season\nOn June 27 a typhoon was detected to the southeast of Manila. It passed to the south through central Luzon island during June 28. It continued northwest and made landfall on the island of Hainan (China) on July 1. The storm later dissipated inland near the borders of Vietnam and China on July 3. There is some indication of damage at Sambonya, with a passing of a steamer noting all the buildings being nearly destroyed with few people seen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028987-0015-0000", "contents": "1890s Pacific typhoon seasons, 1899 season\nOn July 2 a typhoon was spotted to the south of Okinawa Islands. It moved north over the following days, reaching violent intensities, it brushed past the islands to the east on July 6 and 7. It continued north reaching Japan by July 8, briefly moved into the Sea of Japan, and dissipated on the Korean Peninsula on July 10. A minimal pressure of 956 millibars was recorded at Oshima.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028988-0000-0000", "contents": "1890s in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the decade 1890\u20131899 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0000-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion\nFashion in the 1890s in European and European-influenced countries is characterized by long elegant lines, tall collars, and the rise of sportswear. It was an era of great dress reforms led by the invention of the drop-frame safety bicycle, which allowed women the opportunity to ride bicycles more comfortably, and therefore, created the need for appropriate clothing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0001-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion\nAnother great influence on women's fashions of this era, particularly among those considered part of the Aesthetic Movement in America, was the political and cultural climate. Because women were taking a more active role in their communities, in the political world, and in society as a whole, their dress reflected this change. The more freedom to experience life outside the home that women of the Gilded Age acquired, the more freedom of movement was experienced in fashions as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0001-0001", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion\nAs the emphasis on athleticism influenced a change in garments which allowed for freedom of movement, the emphasis on less rigid gender roles influenced a change in dress which allowed for more self-expression, and a more natural silhouette of women's bodies were revealed. Corsets were rejected in favor of more comfortable, free-flowing skirts and dresses which, before the Aesthetic movement prevailed, would not have been acceptable in public.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0002-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions\nFashionable women's clothing styles shed some of the extravagances of previous decades (so that skirts were neither crinolined as in the 1850s, nor protrudingly bustled in back as in the late 1860s and mid-1880s, nor tight as in the late 1870s), but corseting continued unmitigated, or even slightly increased in severity. Early 1890s dresses consisted of a tight bodice with the skirt gathered at the waist and falling more naturally over the hips and undergarments than in previous years. Puffy leg-of-mutton sleeves (also known as gigot sleeves) made a comeback, growing bigger each year until reaching their largest size around 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0003-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions\nDuring the mid-1890s, skirts took on an A-line silhouette that was almost bell-like. The late 1890s returned to tighter sleeves often with small puffs or ruffles capping the shoulder but fitted to the wrist. Skirts took on a trumpet shape, fitting more closely over the hip and flaring just above the knee. Corsets in the 1890s helped define the hourglass figure as immortalized by artist Charles Dana Gibson. In the very late 1890s, the corset elongated, giving the women a slight S-bend silhouette that would be popular well into the Edwardian era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0004-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Sportswear and tailored fashions\nChanging attitudes about acceptable activities for women also made sportswear popular for women, with such notable examples as the bicycling dress and the tennis dress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 76], "content_span": [77, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0005-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Sportswear and tailored fashions\nUnfussy, tailored clothes, adapted from the earlier theme of men's tailoring and simplicity of form, were worn for outdoor activities and traveling. The shirtwaist, a costume with a bodice or waist tailored like a man's shirt with a high collar, was adopted for informal daywear and became the uniform of working women. Walking suits featured ankle-length skirts with matching jackets. The notion of \"rational dress\" for women's health was a widely discussed topic in 1891, which led to the development of sports dress. This included ample skirts with a belted blouse for hockey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 76], "content_span": [77, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0005-0001", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Sportswear and tailored fashions\nIn addition, cycling became very popular and led to the development of \"cycling costumes\", which were shorter skirts or \"bloomers\" which were Turkish trouser style outfits. By the 1890s, women bicyclists increasingly wore bloomers in public and in the company of men as well as other women. Bloomers seem to have been more commonly worn in Paris than in England or the United States and became quite popular and fashionable. In the United States, bloomers were more intended for exercise than fashion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 76], "content_span": [77, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0005-0002", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Sportswear and tailored fashions\nThe rise of American women's college sports in the 1890s created a need for more unencumbered movement than exercise skirts would allow. By the end of the decade, most colleges that admitted women had women's basketball teams, all outfitted in bloomers. Across the nation's campuses, baggy bloomers were paired with blouses to create the first women's gym uniforms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 76], "content_span": [77, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0006-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Sportswear and tailored fashions\nThe rainy daisy was a style of walking or sports skirt introduced during this decade, allegedly named after Daisy Miller, but also named for its practicality in wet weather, as the shorter hemlines did not soak up puddles of water. They were particularly useful for cycling, walking or sporting pursuits as the shorter hems were less likely to catch in the bicycle mechanisms or underfoot, and enabled freer movement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 76], "content_span": [77, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0007-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Sportswear and tailored fashions\nSwimwear was also developed, usually made of navy blue wool with a long tunic over full knickers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 76], "content_span": [77, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0008-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Sportswear and tailored fashions\nAfternoon dresses typical of the time period had high necks, wasp waists, puffed sleeves and bell-shaped skirts. Evening gowns had a squared decolletage, a wasp-waist cut and skirts with long trains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 76], "content_span": [77, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0009-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Influence of aesthetic dress\nThe 1890s in both Europe and North America saw growing acceptance of artistic or aesthetic dress as mainstream fashion influenced by the philosophies of John Ruskin and William Morris. This was especially seen in the adoption of the uncorseted tea gown for at-home wear. In the United States during this period, Dress, the Jenness Miller Magazine (1887\u20131898) , reported that tea gowns were being worn outside the home for the first time in fashionable summer resorts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 72], "content_span": [73, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0010-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Influence of aesthetic dress\nBefore women acquired a more prominent role outside the home, before they were involved in more community, cultural and political pursuits, a more traditionally Victorian, restrained, and what was considered modest dress dominated. As Mary Blanchard writes in her article in The American History Review, \"Boundaries and the Victorian Body: Aesthetic Fashion in Gilded Age America,\" \"Little noticed, but crucial, was a shift in attitudes toward women's fashion in the 1870s and 1880s, a countercultural shift taking place under the aegis of the Aesthetic Movement. At this time, some women used their bodies and their dress as public art forms not only to defy the moral implications of domesticity but to assume cultural agency in their society at large.\" (Blanchard, page 22)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 72], "content_span": [73, 849]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0011-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Hairstyles and headgear\nHairstyles at the start of the decade were simply a carry-over from the 1880s styles that included curled or frizzled bangs over the forehead as well as hair swept to the top of the head, but after 1892, hairstyles became increasingly influenced by the Gibson Girl. By the mid-1890s, hair had become looser and wavier and bangs gradually faded from high fashion. By the end of the decade, hair was often worn in a large mass with a bun at the top of the head, a style that would be predominant during the first decade of the 20th century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0012-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Shoes\nHigh tab front shoes with a large buckle had made a comeback in the 1870s and were again revived in the 1890s. This popular style of shoe had a few names such as \"Cromwell,\" \"Colonial,\" and \"Moli\u00e8re\". At this time materials such as suede, leather, lace and metal were used to fashion the shoe and decorate it. Suede was new to the market in 1890 and was available in a few pale shades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 49], "content_span": [50, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0013-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Athletic wear\nThe shift toward functional fashion also affected women's athletic wear. Women in Paris began wearing bloomers when bicycling as early as 1893, while in England lower bicycle frames accommodated the dresses that women continued to wear for bicycling. Long floor length dresses gradually gave way to shorter hemlines and a more casual style of athletic clothing. Similarly, bathing suits also became shorter and less covered \u2014 yet another example of the beginnings of a shift in dress toward greater freedom and functionality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 57], "content_span": [58, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0014-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Cartoons\nCartoon mocking sleeve designs suggesting that new styles could be modeled on cricket bats, hot air balloons, or tennis rackets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0015-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Cartoons\n1897 advertisement showing woman with unskirted garments for bicycle riding", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0016-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Men's fashion\nThe overall silhouette of the 1890s was long, lean, and athletic. Hair was generally worn short, often with a pointed beard and generous moustache.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0017-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats, jackets, and trousers\nBy the 1890s, the sack coat (UK lounge coat) was fast replacing the frock coat for most informal and semi-formal occasions. Three-piece suits (\"ditto suits\") consisting of a sack coat with matching waistcoat (U.S. vest) and trousers were worn, as were matching coat and waistcoat with contrasting trousers. Contrasting waistcoats were popular, and could be made with or without collars and lapels. The usual style was single-breasted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0018-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats, jackets, and trousers\nThe blazer, a navy blue or brightly colored or striped flannel coat cut like a sack coat with patch pockets and brass buttons, was worn for sports, sailing, and other casual activities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0019-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats, jackets, and trousers\nThe Norfolk jacket remained fashionable for shooting and rugged outdoor pursuits. It was made of sturdy tweed or similar fabric and featured paired box pleats over the chest and back, with a fabric belt. Worn with matching breeches (or U.S. knickerbockers), it became the Norfolk suit, suitable for bicycling or golf with knee-length stockings and low shoes, or for hunting with sturdy boots or shoes with leather gaiters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0020-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats, jackets, and trousers\nThe cutaway morning coat was still worn for formal day occasions in Europe and major cities elsewhere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0021-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats, jackets, and trousers\nThe most formal evening dress remained a dark tail coat and trousers with a dark or light waistcoat. Evening wear was worn with a white bow tie and a shirt with a winged collar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0022-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats, jackets, and trousers\nThe less formal dinner jacket or tuxedo, which featured a shawl collar with silk or satin facings, now generally had a single button. Dinner jackets were appropriate formal wear when \"dressing for dinner\" at home or at a men's club. The dinner jacket was worn with a white shirt and a dark tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0023-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Coats, jackets, and trousers\nKnee-length topcoats, often with contrasting velvet or fur collars, and calf-length overcoats were worn in winter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0024-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Shirts and neckties\nShirt collars were turned over or pressed into \"wings\", and became taller through the decade. Dress shirts had stiff fronts, sometimes decorated with shirt studs and buttoned up the back. Striped shirts were popular for informal occasions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 60], "content_span": [61, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0025-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Shirts and neckties\nThe usual necktie was a four-in-hand or an Ascot tie, made up as a neckband with wide wings attached and worn with a stickpin, but the 1890s also saw the return of the bow tie (in various proportions) for day dress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 60], "content_span": [61, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028989-0026-0000", "contents": "1890s in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Accessories\nAs earlier in the century, top hats remained a requirement for upper class formal wear; bowlers and soft felt hats in a variety of shapes were worn for more casual occasions, and flat straw boaters were worn for yachting and at the seashore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028991-0000-0000", "contents": "1890s in film\nThe decade of the 1890s in film involved some significant events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028992-0000-0000", "contents": "1890s in sociology\nThe following events related to sociology occurred in the 1890s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028993-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Ardwick A.F.C. season\nThe 1890\u201391 season was the first season in which Ardwick A.F.C. competed in a national competitive football competition, having spent the first years of their existence playing friendly matches against local clubs, as well as recent participation in the Manchester Cup. The club entered the FA Cup in October 1890, comprehensively winning their first game, but were scratched from the tournament before their next game. Their 12\u20130 win over Liverpool Stanley remains their record biggest win in a competitive fixture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028994-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Aston Villa F.C. season\nAston Villa had a disappointing 1890\u201391 season, having finished ninth. They also had a poor season in the F.A. Cup going out in the second round against Stoke. As consolation Aston Villa won the 1890 National League of Baseball of Great Britain and  remain National Baseball champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028994-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Aston Villa F.C. season\nAston Villa, now known exclusively as a football club, won the only professional baseball championship in 1890. The competition was hindered by poor weather and disappointing crowds and made a loss for its investors. Aston Villa's win was not without controversy, however, with both Aston Villa and Preston North End being found guilty of cheating during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028994-0001-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Aston Villa F.C. season\nFor much of the season Derby Baseball Club did lead the championship, however, pressure from other teams in the league over the number of American players on the Derby team and low attendances led to Derby being expelled before the end of the season, though at the time the club insisted they had \u2018retired\u2019 as champions, despite evidence to the contrary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028994-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Aston Villa F.C. season, Results, League\nThe table below lists all the results of Aston Villa in the Football League for the 1890\u201391 season", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028995-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 British Home Championship\nThe 1890\u201391 British Home Championship was an international football tournament between the British Home Nations. Despite strong showings from all four teams, England eventually won the trophy with victories in all three games including, as at the 1890 and 1892 competitions, matches against Wales and Ireland played simultaneously. Ireland notched up one of their highest ever wins, 7\u20132 over Wales, but still only finished third, whilst the Welsh ran Scotland close in their encounter, but ultimately scored zero points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028995-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 British Home Championship\nScotland and Ireland began the tournament with the Scots securing a narrow win in Glasgow. They extended their lead in Wrexham despite Wales playing well and nearly taking a draw, eventually going down 3\u20134. England then played their double on 7 March, scoring an aggregate of 10\u20132 as both the amateur and professional sides easily won their games over Wales and Ireland. Ireland and Wales played for pride in their final game, Ireland routing the Welsh in Belfast and finishing five goals ahead. In the tournament decider in Blackburn, England were too strong for the Scots in a close game and the result was an England victory, giving them the trophy undisputed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028996-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Burnley F.C. season\nThe 1890\u201391 season was the ninth season in the history of Burnley Football Club and their third in the Football League. Burnley ended the season in eighth position with a record of 9 wins, 3 draws and 10 defeats, thus finishing outside the bottom four for the first time. Scottish forwards Claude Lambie and Alexander McLardie were the top goalscorers, with 16 and 14 league goals respectively. Burnley progressed to the Second Round of the FA Cup for the first time in two years, before being knocked out by Notts County. During the season 24 different players were used by Burnley, with many of the squad hailing from Scotland. In the 6\u20132 win against Preston North End on 7 March 1891, striker Tom Nicol became the first and only Burnley player to score a hat-trick on his League debut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 816]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028997-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1890\u201391 season was Burslem Port Vale's first season in the newly-formed Midland League. They finished in eighth-place, having only picked up two points away from home. They failed to go on any cup runs and were in fact beaten by a club record 12\u20130 margin by Aston Villa in the Second Round of the Staffordshire Senior Cup. They did though share the North Staffordshire Challenge Cup after holding Stoke to a draw in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028997-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Midland League\nBurslem Port Vale became founder members of the Midland League along with 11 other clubs, including future Football League sides Gainsborough Trinity, Lincoln City, Rotherham Town and Sheffield United. The club's directors first had to deal with some legal issues, successfully defending themselves from a claim for lost wages by former player Jack Shields. In order to prepare for the new league the club signed three new players: 23-year old Welsh winger Charlie Davies, 22 year-old inside-forward James Bryden from Hamilton Academicals and 21-year old Scottish forward David Mackie; however they lost both George Bateman and Lewis Ballham to Stoke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028997-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Midland League\nThey opened the league campaign with three games at the Athletic Ground, beating Staveley and Long Eaton Rangers 2\u20131 and 7\u20132 respectively, then coming to a disappointing 2\u20132 draw with Kidderminster. Two away defeats followed, though they managed a highly respectable 1\u20131 draw with Sheffield United at Bramall Lane despite goalkeeper John Davies missing the train; however the team would fail to avoid defeat on the road again until 28 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028997-0002-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Midland League\nAt home they recorded successive 3\u20130 league wins, but late December proved a disaster as they fell to 5\u20130 and 11\u20130 defeats at Lincoln City and Gainsborough Trinity; it was suggested the scoreline of the boxing day defeat to Gainsborough was such due to excessive drinking on Christmas day. New members were assigned to the club's committee and they resolved to sign better players, telling the current squad to \"train or take the consequences\". They lost the return fixture at Derby Junction on 17 January, but appealed the result as Junction's home secretary officiated as the official referee failed to appear; the appeal was denied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028997-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Midland League\nVale recorded home and away victories over Warwick County \u2013 winning 8\u20130 at home, Frank McGinnes scoring his second hat-trick of the season \u2013 but gained no points as County withdrew from the league and their games were struck from the record. Home defeats to Gainsborough and Burton Wanderers followed, but they ended the league campaign in good form, beating Sheffield United and Staveley whilst taking a point from their visit to Lincoln. They finished the table in eighth-place, though finished just five points off second-place Long Eaton Rangers. McGinnes finished as the club's top-scorer with 15 league goals. The club's directors decided to embark on a locally based strategy, signing promising local players to five-year contracts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 803]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028997-0004-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nStarting the FA Cup at the first qualification round, they progressed past Warwick County with a 3\u20131 away win, but lost out 3\u20132 to Football Alliance side Walsall Town Swifts at the next stage. They faced disaster in the Staffordshire Senior Cup, being \"completely outclassed\" in a 12\u20130 defeat to Aston Villa at Wellington Road; the result remains the club's biggest ever margin of defeat. They fared much better in the North Staffordshire Challenge Cup, thrashing Burton Wanderers 7\u20130 in the semi-final to book their place in the final against Stoke; they drew the final 1\u20131 and the two teams shared the trophy after failing to arrange a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 65], "content_span": [66, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028998-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Celtic F.C. season\nThe 1890\u201391 season was the third season of football by Celtic, this marked the first season where Celtic took part in the newly formed Scottish Football League, they also competed in the Scottish Cup, Scottish League Charity Competition and Glasgow Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00028999-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Doane Tigers football team\nThe 1890\u201391 Doane Tigers football team represented Doane College in the 1890 college football season. Doane's game against Nebraska represented the first intercollegiate game of football in the history of the state of Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1890\u201391 season was the 18th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level, entering the inaugural Scottish Football League and the Scottish Cup. In addition Dumbarton played in the Dumbartonshire Cup, the League Charity Cup and the Greenock and District Charity Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nThe season began with an invitation to play in the Rangers FC Sports eleven-a-side tournament. On 2 August Dumbarton defeated St Mirren 2\u20130 in the semi final, but lost out a week later to the hosts, Rangers, 4\u20131 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nOn 16 August the opening games in the inaugural Scottish League championship were played, and Dumbarton began their campaign with a home fixture against Cowlairs. The team lined up as McLeod (goal); Hannah and Watson (backs); Keir, Boyle and McMillan (half backs); and Bell, Hutcheson; Mair; Henderson and Taylor (forwards). Taylor scored Dumbarton's first ever league goal after 15 minutes, but shortly thereafter Cowlairs equalised. In the second half Cowlairs were kept hemmed in as the Sons hit every part of the woodwork but the ball would not go in. Taylor scored late on but it was ruled out for offside and the game ended at 1-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nFootball was included as part of the International Exhibition of Science, Art & Industry held in Edinburgh in 1890, and the third game held in this connection was between Dumbarton and Leith Athletic. Wilson from the second XI taking Hutcheson's place was the only change to the team. The game was held in good conditions apart from a strong wind blowing down the pitch meaning most of the play was confined to one end. In the first half the Sons played against the wind and with good defensive play reached the interval only one down. In the second half Dumbarton used the conditions to their advantage and two goals from Wilson and another from Mair gave Dumbarton a 3\u20131 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0004-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nThree days later, Dumbarton travelled to Cathkin Park, to play Scottish Cup holders Third Lanark in a league fixture. Hutcheson returned to the side. Bell opened his account after 30 minutes but Thirds replied soon after, this being the score at half time. Taylor and Mair restored the Sons advantage and the game finished 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0005-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nOn 30 August Hearts came to Boghead to fulfil a league fixture. McNaught came in to replace Henderson in the front line and reserve player McDonald played for McMillan. Hearts were first to score but Bell with his third goal in three league games equalised matters just before half time. The Sons came out in the second half intent on pushing forward and goals from Bell and Mair secured a 3\u20131 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0006-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nAt the end of the month, Dumbarton sat in second place in the league with 5 points from three games, a point behind Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0007-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nDumbarton were drawn away against Smithston Hibs in the first round of the Scottish Cup on 6 September, but as the opponents did not have a suitable standard of ground the match was switched to Boghead. Alex Miller took McDonlad's place in the half back line, The Sons were firm favorites for this tie and were a goal ahead from McNaught within five minutes. In the end Dumbarton eased through with an 8\u20132 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0008-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nThe early pace setters in the league, Dumbarton and Rangers met on 13 September at Boghead, An unchanged side took the field, The Sons were quick off the mark and goals from Bell(2) and Mair had the home side well ahead by half time. Dumbarton continued to play strongly in the second half and defeated their rivals 5\u20131, Bell completing his hat-trick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0009-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nAfter a free week, it was back to Scottish Cup business on 27 September, with Hibernian being the opponents at Easter Road. McDonald came in for Hannah and McMillan returned and replaced Keir. The Sons were ahead within minutes and held a 3\u20131 lead at half time. In the second half it was all Dumbarton with a further six goals and a final 9\u20131 scoreline \u2013 Taylor completing his hat trick", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0010-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nOn 4 October Dumbarton entertained near neighbours Vale of Leven for their home league fixture. The team was unchanged. An own goal provided the Sons with the lead but despite having most of the play it was Vale that equalised before half time. The second half began in a similar fashion with the Vale keeper being tested repeatedly. Eventually the Vale's defence was broken and Dumbarton won the tie by 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0011-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nA week later it was Abercorn who were the visitors to Boghead on league business, with the only change to the team being the return of Hannah to the defence. Taylor had the Sons two ahead by half time then in the second half Taylor completed his hat trick and a brace from Galbraith finished off a 5-1 thrashing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0012-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nClydebank were drawn at Boghead to play Dumbarton in the third round of the Scottish Cup on 18 October. Dumbarton fielded an unchanged full strength eleven. Taylor(2) and McMillan had the Sons comfortably ahead by half time. A further two from Taylor and one from Bell completed the scoring for a 6\u20130 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0013-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nThe return league fixture at Cowlairs was played on 25 October. Unfortunately Cowlairs ground was unavailable and the Northern club made their ground available for the tie. The Sons were again able to field their strongest team. The Dumbarton men spend most of the first half swarmed around the Cowlairs goal with scores resulting from three scrimmage and a Bell strike giving the Sons  a 4\u20130 lead. The game was more even in the second half and Cowlairs got one back, only for Bell to get his second and Taylor (his 17th goal of the season) to make the final score 5\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0014-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nSo at the end of the month Dumbarton led the league with 13 points from 7 matches, 4 points ahead of Rangers with a game more played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0015-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nFollowing a free week it was back to Scottish Cup business on 8 November, with a fourth round tie against Mossend Swifts at Boghead. The same eleven took to the field. The game was barely seconds old when Mossend scored, but within ten minutes the Sons had scored twice through McNaught to take the lead. Mossend then responded with two goals of their own before McMillan, Mair and Taylor gave Dumbarton a 5-3 half time lead. The second half saw the home side score two more for a final result of 7\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0016-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nOn 15 November, eight of the Dumbarton first XI - McLeod; Watson; McMillan; Boyle; Taylor; Galbraith; Mair and McNaught \u2013 were selected to play in the county side against Renfrewshire. A 3\u20131 win was recorded with Taylor scoring two goals and Mair the other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0017-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nAfter a walk over against Dumbarton Albion, Dumbarton played away in the second round of the Dumbartonshire Cup against Duntocher Harp on 22 November. One change was made to the team with Keir returning and Hannah dropping out. Bell Galbraith and Taylor had the Sons well ahead early in the first half, and at the interval the score stood in Dumbarton's favour by 4\u20132. With the wind and rain at their backs Dumbarton completely dominated in the second half and ran out winners by 10\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0018-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nOn 29 November it was to have been the fifth round home tie in the Scottish Cup against 5th KRV, but the referee ruled the pitch unplayable. Nevertheless, the teams went ahead and played a friendly, where late goals from Taylor and McMillan gave Dumbarton a 2\u20130 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0019-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nThe re-run of the postponed Scottish Cup tie against 5th KRV was played on 6 December. An unchanged side took to the field The Sons had little difficulty in breaching the KRV defence and were 6-0 up by half time - Taylor notching a hat-trick (his fourth of the season so far). A further two goals in the second half completed the scoring for an 8\u20130 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0020-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nThe Dumbartonshire Cup semi-finals were played on 13 December with Dumbarton drawn at home to play Clydebank. Robertson came up from the seconds to give Bell a rest. The Bankies surprised the Sons by scoring first but by half time had turned things around by leading 2\u20131. A further two goals in the second half made the final score 4\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0021-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nOn 20 December, the biggest match of the season so far saw 10,000 spectators crammed into Boghead to witness Dumbarton play Celtic in the Scottish Cup quarter final. The team was back to full strength with the return of Bell. Snow covered the ground and despite the referee being happy for the game to be played Celtic lodged a protest. Mair had the Sons in front at half time and then Mair again and Bell in the second half completed a 3\u20130 victory.. The protest was subsequently dismissed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0022-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nThe final match of the year involved the away league fixture against Abercorn on 27 December. Once again the full squad was available to play. The Abbies started off the stronger and were ahead but Taylor got the equaliser before half time. Taylor scored again (his 25th of the season) to make the final score a 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0023-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nSo at the end of 1890, Dumbarton remained unbeaten \u2013 leading the league with 15 points from 8 games, six ahead of Rangers - and still going strong in both the national and county cups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0024-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nOn New Year's Day Dumbarton played in front of a 15,000 crowd at Celtic Park. The Sons played without Keir who was replaced by second XI man Stewart. The Celts were first to score but Dumbarton equalised before half time. No further scoring took place the result being a 1\u20131 draw which was all the more impressive as Stewart was lost to injury for most of the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0025-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nTwo further friendlies were played on 2 and 3 January with easy wins being recorded against Arbroath (6-0 away) and Kings Park (8-3 home) respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0026-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nAfter a blank week on 17 January Dumbarton played Abercorn in the Scottish Cup semi final at Boghead. The full first XI played with Keir returning to the squad. The Sons were soon ahead from a Galbraith goal and McNaught made it two by the interval. Bell got a third and while the Abbies scored late on, the game was won by 3-1 and Dumbarton were in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0027-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nOn 24 January Dumbarton played their home league fixture against Cambuslang. Watson and Taylor were missing and replaced by Lang (Methlan Park) and Thompson (second XI). McNaught was first to score before Bell scored twice to give the Sons a 3-0 interval lead. Keir and then late on Thompson scored in the second half for an easy 5\u20130 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0028-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nWith no match on 31 January, Dumbarton still headed the league with 17 points from 9 matches..", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0029-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, February\nThe Scottish Cup final was played on 7 February at Hampden Park pitting the odds on favorites unbeaten Dumbarton against the surprise package Hearts. Full strength Sons took to the field in front of an 11,000 crowd. Hearts were first to show and were ahead after 13 minutes and held that lead with ease till the interval. After a disappointing first half Dumbarton picked up a little in the second but in the end Hearts were worthy winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0030-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, February\nThe following week saw Dumbarton playing in another cup final \u2013 this time for the county championship. The venue was Boghead against Vale of Leven and the Sons team was minus Galbraith his place taken by Thompson. Vale were in front after 3 minutes and as was the case in the Scottish final the Sons were finding it difficult to get into the game. In the second half however Dumbarton played to their best and after Mair equalised, Taylor, Bell and Mair again scored for a 4\u20131 win \u2013 lifting the cup for the third season in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0031-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, February\nOn 21 February Celtic visited Boghead on league duty. Lang and Hutcheson replaced McMillan and Mair in the Sons team. The game was fast and exciting throughout and Galbraith had Dumbarton ahead by half time. Celtic came back in the second half and equalised, and although Boyle had the home team ahead once more, the Celts had the final say the game ending a 2\u20132 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0032-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, February\nVale of Leven returned to Boghead on 28 February for a league match. Wilson took the place of McNaught in the attack It only took two minutes for Keir to put Dumbarton ahead, and Taylor and an own goal made it three by half time. Boyle scored the only goal of the second half and the result was a comfortable 4\u20130 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0033-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, February\nSo at the end of the month Dumbarton would still lead the league with 20 points from 11 matches \u2013 leading Rangers by 4 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0034-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nThe beginning of March saw the selection of the teams to play for Scotland in the upcoming British Home Championships. Disputes between the SFA and the Scottish League as to priority of players\u2019 commitments ensured that few league players would be capped. Indeed, only McMillan was selected from Dumbarton to play against Ireland. In the end he decided instead to play for Dumbarton in a league match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0035-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nOn 7 March Dumbarton played the first of their league fixtures against St Mirren at Boghead. McNaught returned to the team but McMillan, Taylor and Mair were missing. Surprisingly it was Saints that took the lead after 20 minutes but Bell then McNaught had the Sons ahead by the interval. The second half was all Dumbarton with Bell scoring a further three goals for a 4\u20131 win. Bell's four goal haul was all the more remarkable as he had a poisoned hand and spent the whole match with his arm strapped to his chest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0036-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nA free week was followed on 21 March by a trip to Cambuslang for the return league match. McMillan and Taylor were back in their respective positions. The Sons were to find the visitors\u2019 keeper in fine form and it was Cambuslang that would start the second half a goal ahead. The Dumbarton nerves were restored by goals from Taylor and Bell within five minutes of the restart. The Cambuslang goal continued to survive a barrage of shots but in a break away the Sons conceded to come away with a disappointing 2\u20132 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0037-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nOn 28 March Third Lanark arrived at Boghead for the return league fixture, where an unchanged side took the field. Bell and then McLeod, who had come out of goals and changed places with Hutcheson, had the Sons two ahead by the interval. Then Hutcheson (who had switched again with McLeod) scored a third before Thirds found the net for the first time. However two further goals for Dumbarton made the final score 5\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0038-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nTwo days later Dumbarton travelled to Belfast to play the Distillery on Easter Monday. In a one sided game the Sons returned after an 8\u20131 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0039-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nSo at the end of the month the league race had tightened up \u2013 both Dumbarton and Rangers were on 25 points, but Dumbarton had played a game fewer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0040-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nOn 4 April Dumbarton played Partick Thistle at Cappielow in the semi final of the Greenock Charity Cup. McKenzie took over in goals while McLeod replaced Boyle in the half back line. Smith replaced Hutcheson at centre forward. Bell scored after ten minutes and another before half time and 2-0 was the score at full time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0041-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nThe following week, the most important match of the league to date took place at Parkhead as Celtic entertained Dumbarton. Boyle returned to the team and McLeod resumed his place in goals. The Celts were a goal ahead at half time but the game might have turned midway through the second half. Bell scored what he, and most in Parkhead, thought was the equaliser. However a number of the Celtic defence cried offside and this was agreed by the referee. Some of the Dumbarton players were ready to leave the field in protest but were persuaded to stay. The rest of the game saw the Sons encamped around the Celtic goal but no further scoring took place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0042-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nOn 18 April, Dumbarton made the trip to Edinburgh to play Hearts in the league. Lang took McMillan's place at right back. The Dumbarton men were anxious to make up in some way for the  defeat in the Scottish Cup final and were one ahead from Bell at half time. Further goals from Bell, Taylor and Galbraith were testament to the dominance of the Sons forwards and the game ended 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0043-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nThe destiny of the league championship was at stake with the meeting against Rangers on 25 April at Ibrox. McMillan was back in the team but it was Rangers that started much the stronger and were ahead within minutes, and by half time were three up. The Gers scored again in the second half before two quick fire goals from Bell brought the Sons back into the game. Dumbarton continued to pile on the pressure but in the end time ran out and the game was lost 4\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0044-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nWith one match to play, Dumbarton had 27 points in the league \u2013 the same as Rangers with one fewer match played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0045-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nDumbarton played their final league game on 2 May against St Mirren at Paisley. A couple of changes were made with Lang replacing Boyle and James Miller taking Taylor's place. Goals by Galbraith(2) and Bell had the Sons three ahead by half time. The Saints recovered to score midway through the second half, though J Miller restored the three goal lead shortly thereafter. St Mirren scored again at the end to make the score 4\u20132. At the same time Celtic had beaten Rangers, meaning that Rangers would require to win their game in hand to equal Dumbarton's points total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0046-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nThe following Monday evening Dumbarton Rangers (Dumbarton's second XI) beat Clydebank's 2nd XI 4\u20130 to win the Dumbartonshire Second XI Cup \u2013 the third scoop of both county cups in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0047-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nOn 9 May while Dumbarton had a rest week, Rangers won their outstanding fixture to tie with Dumbarton at the top of the league, and in the absence of rules to decide on a winner, the League committee decided on a play off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0048-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nThe semi final of the new League Charity Cup was played at Celtic Park between Dumbarton and Rangers on 16 May. Boyle returned to the team. Both teams played a fast game and play raged from end to end. Taylor opened the scoring for Dumbarton after 30 minutes and that was the score at the interval. The Sons kept up the pressure in the second half but there was no further scoring. Near the end McMillan and a Rangers player had a \u2018disagreement\u2019 and both were sent from the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0049-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nThe league decider was played at Cathkin Park on 21 May in front of 10,000 spectators. The team was unchanged from that which had played five days earlier. Rangers were determined to make good their previous disappointing performance and after a spirited first half they led 2\u20130. After the interval the Sons got down to the task in hand but it wasn't till 20 minutes from time that Taylor got one back. J Miller then scored the equaliser and despite hemming the Gers in for the final minutes a winning goal could not be found. It was subsequently decided that rather than have a further playoff that the Championship be shared.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0050-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nOver the next two days Dumbarton played two friendlies in a north of Scotland tour (2-2 against Arbroath on 22 May and 6\u20132 against Aberdeen on 23 May).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0051-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nOn 30 May a friendly was played against Kings Park at Stirling and was won 4\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0052-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, June\nAs the football season came to its end, Dumbarton still had two finals to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0053-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, June\nOn 3 June the final of the Greenock Charity Cup was decided at Cappielow as Dumbarton played hosts Morton for the second year in succession. Hutcheson returned at centre forward in place of J Miller. The Sons were quickly into their stride and were four up by half time. Play settled down in the second half and a goal for each team made the final score 5\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0054-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, June\nThen on 10 June, Celtic were the opponents in the final of the League Charity Cup at Cathkin Park. Miller was back in the attack As it was Dumbarton saved their best final performance for the crowd of 12,000. Bell opened the scoring and despite constant pressure this was the score at the interval. It was more of the same in the second half and two goals from Taylor ended the season on a high with a 3\u20130 win and yet another piece of silverware for the Dumbarton trophy cabinet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0055-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nAmongst those leaving the club from the first XI were Ralph Aitken to Newcastle West End, Duncan Stewart to Port Glasgow Athletic and Joe Lindsay to Renton. The first XI was enhanced by John Taylor and Daniel Watson stepping up from the reserves and also James McNaught joining from Methlan Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0056-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nJohn 'Jack' Bell became the first ever League topscorer with 20 goals. However, his partner 'up front' John Taylor scored more competitive goals in total - 33 to Bell's 31.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029000-0057-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton were defeated by Queen's Park in the second round of the Scottish Second XI Cup, but retained the Dumbartonshire Second XI Cup for the third successive year with a win in the final over Clydebank.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029001-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Eastville Rovers F.C. season\nThe 1890\u201391 season was the eighth to be played by the team that are now known as Bristol Rovers, and their seventh playing under the name Eastville Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029001-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nEastville Rovers' stay in this year's Gloucestershire Senior Challenge Cup was a brief one. Prior to this season they had never failed to reach the semi-final stage, but after gaining automatic entry to the competition based on their performance last season they found themselves eliminated in the first round by Bedminster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029001-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nThere was a depleted look to the club friendly match list too due to poor weather during the middle part of the season. A severe frost set in across England throughout December and January, which meant that very little football was possible over the winter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029001-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nThe club stopped fielding a reserve team this season, leaving only a single team representing the club. They had entered a second XI into the inaugural Gloucestershire Junior Challenge Cup last year, but they opted not to put a team into the competition this time around.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029001-0004-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Statistics, Cumulative record\nThe total cumulative record of Eastville Rovers up to the end of the 1890\u201391 season is shown below. This is calculated by adding the numbers in the section above to the total games played up to the end of the last season. Friendly matches are not included in this table, and games held at neutral venues are considered to have been played away from home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029001-0005-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Statistics, Cumulative record\nAs of the summer of 1891, Rovers' competitive matches had all been played in the Gloucestershire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029002-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Everton F.C. season\nIn 1890\u201391, Everton competed in the Football League's third season, and were crowned champions for the first time by two points over two-time defending champions Preston North End. They also competed in the FA Cup but lost in the first round to Sunderland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029002-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Everton F.C. season, Regular Football League First team\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029002-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the title winning squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029002-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the title winning squad\nHaving finished the previous season as runners up Everton made just one signing of note during the summer when William Campbell was brought from Bootle to fill the centre half role, which had remained unsettled since George Farmer had been dropped the previous November. Robert Smalley's position in goal was also under threat from an emerging twenty-year-old Scot named Jack Angus while David Kirkwood having lost the battle to secure the inside right birth to Alec Brady, now shared the centre back duties with Charlie Parry", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029002-0004-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the title winning squad\nThis settled look ensured that there were just two new faces in the opening day 4\u20131 victory at West Bromwich Albion, Campbell, who scored and Angus who kept goal in the side listed above as the most settled team used that season. The team remained unchanged through the first four games of the campaign, which were all won, before Latta missed the fifth game. Everton still won to take their winning start to five games before being held to a 2\u20132 draw at Aston Villa. Everton remained unbeaten for their first seven games but their first choice eleven did not play again as a run of three straight defeats saw the return of Robert Smalley for one game in place of Jack Angus before David Jardine was signed in November from Bootle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 801]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029002-0005-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the title winning squad\nEverton completed all bar one of their fixtures before the end of January and had to wait while the nearest challengers for the title, Preston played a series of games to close the gap at the top to two points. Everton's final game of the season was at Burnley on Saturday 14 March 1891 when almost half the 10,000 attendance was made up of visiting Everton fans. The team of Jardine, McLean, Doyle, Lochhead, Holt, Parry, Latta, Brady, Geary, Chadwick and Milward required only a draw but failed, losing 3\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029002-0005-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the title winning squad\nPreston would themselves have claimed a third consecutive title has they won their fixture at Sunderland but Evertonians, returning to Liverpool by train from Burnley were met with a delighted crowd at the station who informed them that Preston had lost 0\u20133 and that Everton had won the title for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029002-0006-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the title winning squad\nThere was no official honour for individual players for being crowned champions so the Everton directors had a medal minted for every player The Football League took up the idea the following year and medals have been presented to every championship winning side since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029002-0007-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Everton F.C. season, Achievements\nDespite being crowned champions the 1890/91 team actually picked up fewer points than the side who missed out on the title the previous season. Their title triumph came despite a record losing and winless away run in the middle of the season. The 1891 title side also equalled or set the following club records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 41], "content_span": [42, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029003-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 FA Cup\nThe 1890\u201391 FA Cup was the twentieth edition of the world's oldest football knockout competition, The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029003-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 FA Cup, Qualifying rounds\nFor information on the matches played from the Preliminary Round to the Fourth Qualifying Round, see 1890\u201391 FA Cup qualifying rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 33], "content_span": [34, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029004-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nThis was the third season where the FA Cup, or the Football Association Challenge Cup, used a series of qualifying rounds in order to determine qualifiers for the actual Cup competition itself and the first season that a Preliminary Round was used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029004-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nSee 1890\u201391 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the First Round onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029005-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Football Alliance\nThe 1890\u201391 Football Alliance was the second season of the Football Alliance, an association football league which was set up in England as an alternative to the Football League, which had begun in the 1888\u201389 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029005-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Football Alliance\nStoke joined the Alliance in this season after dropping out of the Football League at the end of the previous season and were crowned champions after the penultimate round of fixtures on 4 April. Last season's champions The Wednesday finished bottom after losing thirteen games in a dreadful season. Even a 4\u20132 win (3\u20130 at half time) at home to runners up Sunderland Albion on the last day of the season failed to lift Wednesday off the foot of the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029005-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Football Alliance\nAt the end of the season, Stoke were elected back to the Football League along with sixth-placed Darwen, while Sunderland Albion left to join the Northern League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029005-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Football Alliance, Election to the Football League\nThe number of clubs in the Football League was to be increased by two for the 1891\u201392 season. In addition to the four League sides seeking re-election, six non-league clubs (five of them from the Football Alliance) also sought League membership. The voting went as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 58], "content_span": [59, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029006-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Football League\nThe Football League 1890\u201391 was the third Football league season, after dominating and being crowned champions for the first two football league seasons Preston North End slipped to second and Everton won the league with a two-point gap. Meanwhile, there had been changes in the league since the last football league season, Stoke had not been re-elected to the football league, so joined the rival Football Alliance. They were replaced with Sunderland, who were nicknamed \"the team of all talents\" at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029006-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Football League, Final league table\nThe table below is reproduced here in the exact form that it can be found at the  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029006-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Football League, Final league table\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded). In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season. Since the goal average was used for this purpose for such a long time, it is presented in the tables below even for the seasons prior to 1894\u201395.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029006-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Football League, Final league table\nDuring the first five seasons of the league, that is until the season 1893\u201394 re-election process concerned the clubs which finished in the bottom four of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029006-0004-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Football League, The re-election process\nThe number of clubs in the Football League was to be increased by two for the 1891\u201392 season. In addition to the four League sides seeking re-election, six non-league clubs (five of them from the Football Alliance) also sought League membership. The voting went as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 48], "content_span": [49, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029007-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Football Tournament\nStatistics of the Football Tournament in the 1890/1891 season. The format was slightly unusual in that all games had to have a winner. Therefore, if the match was level after 90 minutes, extra time was played. If the match was still level after extra time, the match was replayed until a winner emerged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029007-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Football Tournament, Overview\nIt was contested by 7 teams, and Kj\u00f8benhavns Boldklub won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029008-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nThe 1890\u201391 season is the 1st season of competitive football by Heart of Midlothian. Hearts also competed in the Scottish Cup, the Rosebery Charity Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029008-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview\nHearts finished 6th in the league in its inaugural year, also going on to win the Scottish Cup for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029009-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Hibernian F.C. season\nSeason 1890\u201391 was the 14th season in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the 14th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029009-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview\nHibs reached the second round of the Scottish Cup, losing 9\u20131 to Dumbarton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029010-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Irish League\nThe 1890\u201391 Irish League was the first year of league football under the Irish Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029010-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Irish League, League format\nFor this season, the league used a double Round-robin format, where teams played each other both home and away once.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 35], "content_span": [36, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029011-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Kilmarnock F.C. season\nSeason 1890\u201391 was the 18th season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029011-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Kilmarnock F.C. season, Overview\nKilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the 18th time and also competed in the Ayrshire Cup. They were eliminated in the first round of the Scottish Cup in a replay by Annbank for the second consecutive season despite scoring six times in the two matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029011-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Kilmarnock F.C. season, Overview\nKillie fared better in the Ayrshire Cup. After defeating Irvine, 5\u20130, in the first round, they recorded a club-record 15\u20130 win against Lanemark in the second round, a record which still stands after 129 years. They overcame Kilbirnie 3\u20131 in a third round replay to reach the semi-finals where they defeated local rivals Kilmarnock Athletic, 3\u20132. In the final, Kilmarnock set another record as they defeated Hurlford 7\u20131 \u2013 the largest margin of victory in an Ayrshire Cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029011-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Kilmarnock F.C. season, Overview\nAfter three seasons playing in black and white stripes, Kilmarnock changed their uniforms back to the original Oxford blue. The team would play the next five seasons decked all in blue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029012-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Netherlands Football League Championship\nThe Netherlands Football League Championship 1890\u20131891 was contested by five teams from the cities Amsterdam, The Hague, Haarlem and Rotterdam. The teams participated in the competition that would later be called Eerste Klasse West. But since the western football district of the Netherlands was the only one to have a competition at the time, it could be regarded as a national championship, making it the first proper football league in Continental Europe. HVV Den Haag from The Hague won the championship, it was considered to be the first official one, since it was the first season in which all teams played an equal number of matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029013-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season\nThe 1890\u201391 season was Newton Heath's second season in the Football Alliance; they finished in 9th position. The club also took part in the FA Cup, reaching the Second Qualifying Round; the Lancashire Senior Cup, in which they reached the Second Round; and the Manchester and District Challenge Cup, in which they finished as runners-up to Ardwick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029014-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Northern Football League\nThe 1890\u201391 Northern Football League season was the second in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029014-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Northern Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 6 clubs which competed in the last season, along with two new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029015-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Ottawa Hockey Club season\nThe 1890\u201391 Ottawa Hockey Club season was the club's sixth season of play. The club would have an outstanding record, winning 13 and losing 1. The club would play in the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) in the OHA's first season and would win its championship, the Cosby Cup, against Amateur Hockey Association of Canada(AHAC) teams and against other Ottawa teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029015-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Team business\nThe club met on November 19, 1890, and elected their officers:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029015-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Team business\nThe club also approved the idea of the forming of a city league in Ottawa composed of the Ottawa HC, Rideau Club, Ottawa College, Dey's Rink and Rebels clubs. This was the start of the Ottawa City Hockey League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029015-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Team business\nThe club nominated J. A. Baum to be their representative at the founding meeting of the Ontario Hockey Association. Frank Jenkins, it was announced, would not play this year due to \"an accident to his leg.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029015-0004-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Team business\nIn the team's financial statement for the season, the team recorded a $70.11 deficit on expenses of $121.11 and minus an OAAC grant of $30 and $21 from team member subscriptions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029016-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1890\u201391 season is the 17th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029016-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Rangers F.C. season\nThe season saw the club play in a league set-up for the first time in its history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029016-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 20 competitive matches during the 1890\u201391 season. They were the joint winners of the first ever Scottish League, sharing the title with Dumbarton. The club's drew the championship play-off 2\u20132, so both were awarded the title and declared champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029016-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nThe club ended the season without the Scottish Cup after being knocked out by Celtic in the first round by 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029017-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nThe 1890\u201391 season was the fifth in the history of Royal Arsenal, the club that was to become Arsenal F.C. This was the club's first season as a professional side, with overwhelming support to do so from the players. Their achievements in the previous season saw them granted direct admission to the First Round Proper of the FA Cup, marking their first full appearance in the competition. This season also saw them move grounds from Manor Field to the Invicta Ground, also in Plumstead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029017-0000-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nDuring the season, the team played in three cup competitions: the FA Cup, the London Senior Cup and the London Charity Cup. After finishing as runners-up the previous season, they won the London Senior Cup for the first time. Turning professional meant that they rescinded their membership of both London and Kent FAs, though support for the club continued to soar, with average attendances of 6,600, higher than half the teams in The Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029017-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Royal Arsenal F.C. season, Matches\nRoyal Arsenal played 35 matches during the 1890\u201391 season, of which 27 were friendlies, 8 were competitive fixtures, with one of these being a first-class FA Cup fixture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029017-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Royal Arsenal F.C. season, Players\nBelow is a list of all players who made at least one appearance for Arsenal over the season. Interestingly, this was also the first season in which an official substitution was recorded, with HT. Offer coming on and some point during the 25 April 1891 game against Sunderland. Players making their debut for Arsenal are shown in Bold, Goalkeepers are marked in Italics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029018-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1890\u201391 Rugby Union County Championship was the third edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029018-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Rugby Union County Championship\nLancashire won the competition for the first time, winning all ten of their county fixtures during the season, which included beating the three teams declared champions of their respective divisional groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029019-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Scottish Cup\nThe 1890\u201391 Scottish Cup was the 18th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Heart of Midlothian defeated Dumbarton 1\u20130 to win the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029019-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Scottish Cup, First round\nBeith, Bellstane Birds, Glengowan, Portland Lybstor and Edinburgh University received byes into the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029019-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Scottish Cup, Second round\nDundee Our Boys, Edinburgh University and Stranraer received byes into the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029019-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Scottish Cup, Third round\nArbroath and Fifth KRV Receiver byes into the Fourth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029019-0004-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Scottish Cup, Fifth Round\nEast Stirlingshire, Leith Athletic, Abercorn and Third Lanark received byes into the Quarter Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029020-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1890\u201391 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029020-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Scottish Districts season, History\nNorth of Scotland District arranged a number of matches this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029020-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Scottish Districts season, History\nMidlands District arranged a New Year fixture against Edinburgh Academicals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029021-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Scottish Football League\nThe 1890\u201391 Scottish Football League was the first season of the Scottish Football League. It began on 16 August 1890 and concluded on 12 May 1891. The league was won jointly by Dumbarton and Rangers who ended the season with an equal number of points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029021-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Scottish Football League, Season overview\nDumbarton and Rangers ended the league season with an equal number of points so a play-off match was organised at Cathkin Park in Glasgow on 21 May 1891 to determine the winner. The game ended in a 2\u20132 draw so both clubs were declared champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029021-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Scottish Football League, Season overview\nOn 30 September 1890 after playing four games in the league, Renton was suspended by the Scottish Football Association for professionalism, and the club was subsequently expelled from the league with their record expunged. Celtic, 3rd LRV and Cowlairs were docked four points each for fielding ineligible players. At the end of the season, the bottom three teams had to submit applications to rejoin the league for the next season along with other non-league clubs. St Mirren, Vale of Leven and Cowlairs submitted applications along with non-league club Leith Athletic. In the election, Cowlairs lost their league position to Leith Athletic, with St Mirren and Vale of Leven being re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029021-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Scottish Football League, Clubs\nThe inaugural season of the Scottish Football League was contested by 11 clubs. This was reduced to 10 clubs after four games when Renton was expelled from the league for professionalism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029021-0004-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Scottish Football League, Championship Play-off\nRangers defeated 3rd Lanark RV 4\u20131 in their final league match on 9 May 1891 to move level with Dumbarton on 29 points, and a play-off was organised to determine which team would be crowned champions. However, the match finished as a draw and, with no more dates available for a further replay before the end of the season, it was decided that Dumbarton and Rangers would be declared joint champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season\nThe 1890\u201391 season was Sheffield United's second, and their first and only season playing in the newly formed Midland Counties League, as the club sought to establish itself as a major footballing force. The team was selected by the club's football committee and coached by a trainer, but day-to-day affairs were overseen by club secretary Joseph Wostinholm. The club saw a large influx of players during the season as it continued to bolster its numbers with amateurs loaned or signed from other teams in the local area, a policy that resulted in an unsettled side, indifferent league results, and a mid-table finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season\nUnited (nicknamed the Blades) entered the FA Cup once more but were lucky to reach the first round proper, losing to Burton Swifts during qualifying only to see the Staffordshire club disqualified. They also competed in the Wharncliffe Charity Cup and the Sheffield Challenge Cup, in which they were beaten finalists for the second year in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season\nThe development of the playing squad continued with the signings of John Drummond and Billy Hendry from Preston North End, who brought experience and a solid professionalism. Harry Lilley was recruited in the early part of the season, and became a regular in United's defence for several seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season, Background\nAfter a first season of mixed fortunes on the field the football committee recognised the appetite amongst the Sheffield public for the game, as attendances at Bramall Lane had steadily increased. They recognised that league football was essential to grow that interest and offer a better standard of opposition, and had therefore joined the recently created Midland Counties League, although still insisting on organising numerous friendly fixtures. The committee continued to select the team, although J. B. Wostinholm oversaw the day\u2013to\u2013day running of the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0004-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season, Kit\nAlthough United's jersey remained predominantly white, thin red vertical stripes were introduced for the first time, which evolved into the solid red and white stripes that the team still plays in today. The team retained the blue shorts and socks worn in the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0005-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Midland Counties League\nThe previous season had been considered reasonably successful, but United still looked to improve the quality of players in the squad. The players recruited from Scotland during the previous summer had failed to live up to expectations and the majority of them were released; only Calder and Robertson were retained. Billy Bridgewater and Edward Cross were signed from nearby Rotherham Town, and Harry Lilley arrived from Staveley during the close season, but the Blades persisted with their policy of utilising guest amateur players from the local area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 78], "content_span": [79, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0006-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Midland Counties League\nUnited were now playing in the Midland Counties League but results were indifferent, with the Blades winning only twice in their opening eight fixtures. Their fortunes began to improve in November and December however as they registered a series of victories including an impressive 4\u20130 win over Kidderminster at Bramall Lane and a 5\u20132 victory at Derby Midland. Despite the relative failure of their previous recruitment in Scotland, by the end of the year United had signed Gavin Crawford and Harry Munro from north of the border as the Blades entered 1891 in more positive form.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 78], "content_span": [79, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0007-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Midland Counties League\nFollowing a league fixture break during January 1891 United resumed their campaign in February, but the form they had shown in the run up to Christmas deserted them, and results were inconsistent. In the midst of congested fixture list the Blades finished the season fifth in the league (out of ten sides) and once again resolved to improve the quality of players by recruiting established professionals ahead of the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 78], "content_span": [79, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0007-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Midland Counties League\nThey duly negotiated the transfers of  John Drummond, Billy Hendry and Samuel Dobson from Preston North End, then one of the top sides in the country, and they arrived over a number of weeks through February and March to bolster United's first team options. The most significant signing during the season was that of a young Ernest Needham from Staveley in February 1891. Although he did not play for United in the 1890\u201391 season he went on to become one of the club's greatest players, making more than 500 appearances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 78], "content_span": [79, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0008-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, FA Cup\nHaving had relative success during their first FA Cup campaign the previous season United struggled to replicate that form and were fortunate to make it past the qualifying rounds in 1890. Having narrowly defeated Derby Junction they lost 2\u20131 to Burton Swifts in the next game, but the Staffordshire club was subsequently disqualified for fielding an ineligible player. Matlock and Loughborough were then easily despatched as United reached the first round proper of the cup for the second time. This was as far as the Blades would progress however, as they met Notts County at Bramall Lane in mid\u2013January only to be trounced 9\u20131 by the visitors, a result that remains the club's worst in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 767]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0009-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Local cups\nUnited once again entered the Sheffield Challenge Cup and reached the final for the second season in succession. After a straightforward 7\u20131 victory over Attercliffe in round one the Blades made their way past Kilnhurst in the semi-final at the second time of asking. On 21 March they met near neighbours Doncaster Rovers in the final, but despite having home advantage, with the game being played at Bramall Lane, United lost 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0010-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Local cups\nThe team entered the Wharncliffe Charity Cup at the semi-final stage but were drawn against established cross-city rivals The Wednesday. Despite increasing rivalry between the clubs, a relatively small crowd of just over 3,000 spectators were present at Wednesday's Olive Grove ground to watch them beat United 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0011-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Friendlies\nDespite now playing competitive league football United continued to fill the fixture list with numerous friendlies, which ultimately led to them playing 64\u00a0first-team games over the course of eight months. There was a noticeable improvement in the quality of opposition however, as a number of the more established professional teams visited Bramall Lane during the first half of the season, drawing reasonable crowds in the process. Although there were early season losses to Everton and Preston North End, United secured victories against Bolton Wanderers and Derby County, both at the time members of the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0012-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Friendlies\nThe second half of the season saw a continued run of exhibition games but the quality of opposition was, at times, not as high. Despite lesser opposition, results tailed off as the fixture congestion these games created began to take its toll on the squad, most notably at the point when United's involvement in the Sheffield Challenge Cup meant that they had two first-team games scheduled for the same day. Rather than cancelling the pre-arranged friendlies the Blades went ahead with both fixtures, splitting the first team between them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0012-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Friendlies\nThe highlight of the fixture calendar did result from a friendly match however, as a then record 14,000 Sheffielders were present at Bramall Lane in January to watch United beat local rivals The Wednesday for the first time, running out 3\u20132 victors. January also saw United take on their first ever non\u2013English team when they played Scottish side Linthouse, although the match was limited to only 35 minutes each way owing to poor light.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0013-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season, Squad, First team\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029022-0014-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sheffield United F.C. season, Squad, Players leaving before end of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season\nThe 1890\u201391 season was the tenth season of competitive association football played by Small Heath Football Club, an English football club based in the Small Heath district of Birmingham, and their second season in the Football Alliance. They finished in tenth position in the twelve-team league for the second consecutive year. Seven wins, two draws and thirteen defeats gave them sixteen points, one point fewer than in 1889\u201390. The team scored 58 goals in Alliance competition, but conceded 66, at an average of three goals per match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season\nSmall Heath entered the 1890\u201391 FA Cup at the  first qualifying round stage, but were disqualified from the competition after winning their second qualifying round match for fielding an unregistered player. In local competitions, they were eliminated by West Bromwich Albion in the first round of the Birmingham Senior Cup and by Aston Villa in the semi-final of the Birmingham Charity Cup. Small Heath also played several friendly matches during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season\nSmall Heath used twenty-two different players in nationally organised competitive matches during the season and had eight different goalscorers. Five players\u00a0\u2013 the full-back pairing of Tom Bayley and Fred Speller and forwards Jack Hallam, Fred Wheldon and captain Will Devey\u00a0\u2013 were ever-present over the 24-match season. The top scorer in the Alliance was centre-forward Charlie Short with 16 goals; if the FA Cup is included, Short and Devey each scored 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nSmall Heath finished tenth in the inaugural season of the Football Alliance, and was re-elected for 1890\u201391. Among regular first-team players to leave the club were Walter Gittins, Eddy Stanley, and Chris Charsley. Gittins was Fred Speller's full-back partner for most of the previous season, and moved on to Stafford Rangers. Stanley had been with the club for nine years before injury forced his retirement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0003-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nDuring that time he played in 22 FA Cup matches, scoring 14 times, contributed two goals and an assist as Small Heath won their first trophy, the Walsall Cup in 1883, and scored 5 goals from 13 games in the first Football Alliance campaign. Goalkeeper Charsley, a serving police officer, announced his retirement. In June, he was honoured with a dinner at which he was presented with a \u00a340 collection and a piano. The Birmingham Daily Post suggested the club \"were hardly likely ever to find so good a man again\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0004-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nNew arrivals included forward Charlie Short, who had played one match for Small Heath in March before finishing the season with Unity Gas, full-back Tom Bayley from Walsall Town Swifts, and goalkeeper Charles Partridge from Wednesbury Old Athletic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0005-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nThe club's intended new kit\u00a0\u2013 a plain royal blue shirt and stockings with white knickerbockers\u00a0\u2013 failed to arrive by the start of the season, so the team began the new campaign in the previous year's black shirts with an amber collar, white knickerbockers and black stockings, which had proved difficult to see for players and spectators alike. When the new kit arrived ahead of the match against Sunderland Albion in mid-September, the suppliers had sent only nine sets, so they had to play one more game in the old colours. Will Devey was captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0006-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September\u2013October\nThe season opened with a friendly against local Football League club Aston Villa, who suffered a defeat that was \"little short of humiliating, and altogether unexpected, even by adherents of Small Heath who had been looking forward to the contest with feelings of apprehension\". The visitors \"thoroughly deserved their pronounced and handsome victory\", by four goals to nil in a rough game, in which \"play was once stopped for some minutes due to one of the Villa men having been badly kicked, and subsequently the Villa goal-keeper and one of the Small Heath players came very nearly to fighting.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0007-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September\u2013October\nThe Football Alliance season began with a visit to Walsall Town Swifts in summery weather. Will Devey opened the scoring, but Swifts asserted their superiority and led by three goals at the interval; Small Heath regrouped, and the second half brought one goal for each side. On \"one of the hottest days of the whole year\", Small Heath had intended to introduce their new blue-and-white kit for the visit of Sunderland Albion, but had to revert to the \"old and dismal black-and-amber jerseys\" when they discovered the suppliers had sent only nine sets of clothing. Chris Charsley kept goal, apparently having postponed his retirement, and Small Heath played well in losing 3\u20130. The Post commented favourably on Fred Speller at full-back and on half-backs Harry Morris and Ted Devey, and described how \"the ponderous Jenkins did much useful work in his usual inelegant fashion.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 942]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0008-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September\u2013October\nA strong Small Heath team played a \"dashing\" game in a 3\u20131 friendly defeat away to West Bromwich Albion, but took the next friendly, a 3\u20130 win at home to Midland League club Warwick County, rather less seriously. The Post's correspondent thought  Speller was \"always safe and judicious\" and his full-back partner Tom Bayley had improved since the Sunderland game, but was unimpressed by Charles Partridge's goalkeeping. The forwards passed well but missed too many chances in the Alliance match away to Grimsby Town as Heath lost 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0009-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September\u2013October\nOctober began with the first qualifying round of the 1890\u201391 FA Cup at home to Hednesford Town, who went into the match unbeaten, having scored 50 goals and conceded just 3. After the kickoff was delayed while the Small Heath team had their photographs taken, Hednesford were outclassed 8\u20130. Despite fears that the attendance at The Wednesday's first home Alliance game of the season would be adversely affected by the minimum admission charge being raised to 4d.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0009-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September\u2013October\nand by Sheffield United arranging a friendly for the same day, a crowd of 7,000 watched Small Heath secure their first point of the season. The visitors settled down only after Wednesday had taken the lead, and struck the crossbar twice before Billy Walton took advantage of a poor clearance to tie the scores. Two minutes later, Will Devey scored with a low shot, but \"one of the best got goals ever scored on Olive Grove\", a fine team attack finished by Harry Winterbottom, made the half-time score 2\u20132. Jack Hallam's long shot regained the lead for Heath soon after the interval, but Wednesday levelled the scores again late in the game after strong attacking pressure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0010-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September\u2013October\nA strong wind blowing towards the Charles Road end was instrumental in settling the visit of Walsall Town Swifts in the Alliance: in a match with \"a great deal of bumping, but very little science\", Swifts scored when the wind was in their favour, Small Heath did not. The Post attributed the lack of a detailed match report on the 3\u20133 friendly draw with West Bromwich Albion to its reporter's inability to find space in the press hut after it was invaded by spectators seeking shelter from the rain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0011-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September\u2013October\nThe Football Alliance fined Small Heath and three other clubs \u00a31 each for not notifying the secretary of their results, a minor failure in administrative competence compared with what was to follow. In the second qualifying round of the FA Cup, Small Heath had a harder time than perhaps they expected in beating Wednesbury Old Athletic by two goals. Credit was as much due to Charsley, Speller and Jenkyns in defence as to the goalscorers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0011-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September\u2013October\nBut their efforts were in vain, as Wednesbury's protest, that Charlie Short had not been registered in time to play in the match, was upheld, and Small Heath were disqualified from the competition. The local press was scathing: the Post called it \"quite the most egregious blunder which has been perpetrated in football circles this season\", and supposed that \"the veriest tyro in the winter pastime would have known better than to spoil the club's chances for fame in such an absurd way\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0012-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November\u2013December\nSmall Heath went into November bottom of the Alliance with only one point, and approached the encounter with league leaders Stoke \"intend[ing] at least to test the opponents' mettle\". They did rather better than that. In a fast-paced game, they took a two-goal lead in the first half and scored another three in the second, Stoke's only reply coming from Ted Devey's own goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0012-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November\u2013December\nWalter Ward's debut in goal in a 1\u20131 draw at Bootle attracted praise from the Liverpool Mercury, as did his defence, and the quickness on the ball and combination play of the forwards, particularly Hallam and Will Devey, was also noted. Small Heath arranged a friendly with Burslem Port Vale for the day allocated for the next round of the Association Cup. Heath's forwards combined well in attack and shot accurately to score five goals (with several disallowed) to Vale's one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0013-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November\u2013December\nIn contrast, the forwards performed with \"little cohesion, and were especially weak in front of goal\" on their return to Alliance competition at home to Darwen. Arthur Turner, in what was to be his only appearance in league competition, was a poor substitute for Short, and neither Will Devey nor Charsley were at their best, the latter putting through his own net with an attempted clearance. At 4\u20131 behind with little time remaining, the home side adopted a more direct style of play that brought two goals, but Darwen held on for the win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0013-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November\u2013December\nTheir next match, a visit to local rivals Birmingham St George's, took a similar course. On a pitch with a thick covering of snow, Saints took a three-goal lead before Heath recovered their competitiveness, and the game reached half-time with the score 4\u20132. John Devey increased Saints' lead, but after Fred Wheldon had a goal disallowed, Hallam scored twice, and Saints were hard pressed to stop their visitors gaining an unlikely draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0013-0002", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November\u2013December\nThe Post warned that \"if Small Heath seriously contemplate winning another Alliance match this season, it will be necessary for their players to make a more sustained effort during the progress of the game, and not wait until the last twenty minutes before they afford the spectators a glimpse of their proper form.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0014-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November\u2013December\nOn the next Monday, those few spectators not discouraged by the wintry weather watched an attractive and well-contested 2\u20132 draw with Aston Villa in a friendly at Coventry Road, followed a few days later by a rather more lacklustre friendly against Derby Midland that finished with the same score. Alliance competition resumed with a visit to Newton Heath. On a hard pitch, Small Heath attacked from the start, playing a passing game, but failed to convert any of their chances. Newton Heath scored either side of the interval, each goal going in off a Small Heath full back, then, after Hallam scored with a high shot, a lively finish to the game produced a third home goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0015-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November\u2013December\nAfter a trial in the Port Vale friendly in November, Tommy Hands made his competitive debut for Small Heath away to Stoke, playing at outside left alongside Wheldon; he was to play nearly 150 matches for the club over the next six seasons. Short gave the visitors an early lead, and the defence held out for half an hour before conceding to a scrimmage. In the second half, Short regained the lead, but soon after Stoke equalised again, Walter Ward was injured and had to leave the field. Stoke took full advantage of their extra man and the Small Heath defence weakened by Fred Speller taking over in goal; they forced two more goals to take the match 4\u20132 and return their opponents to the bottom of the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 65], "content_span": [66, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0016-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nPlaying under protest because of the slippery playing surface, Small Heath lost their opening match of 1891 at Darwen by five goals to three. The Birmingham Daily Post thought the practice of playing under protest was disruptive both to clubs and supporters, and it was high time the leagues ruled that if a match takes place at all, and bad light or extreme weather does not prevent its completion, then the result should stand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0016-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nOn 10 January, The Wednesday were the first visitors to Coventry Road after a spell of weather so cold that even before Christmas the pools in Birmingham's parks had been overcrowded with skaters; the pitch was several inches deep in snow, but playable. Speller made several mistakes early in the game which Wednesday failed to punish, but once Wheldon opened the scoring, the match became one-sided.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0016-0002", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nAt Wednesday's request, the Sheffield Association had restricted to two the number of their players selected for the annual inter-association match against Glasgow scheduled for the same day, but their absence had an adverse effect. After half-time, the Small Heath forwards, with Will Devey partnering Hallam on the right wing and Short in Devey's usual position in the centre, \"commenced to play with a vigour and cleverness they have rarely before shown this season\", and were seven goals to the good before Charsley fumbled a ball to allow the visitors a late consolation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0017-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nSmall Heath failed to progress past their opening match in the Birmingham Cup, on a \"dreadfully hard and slippery\" pitch covered with straw at West Bromwich Albion's ground. They led 2\u20131, and appeared to have increased that lead, but the referee, who was unsighted and whose umpires disagreed as to the goal's validity, could not be sure the ball had crossed the line. Ted Devey's half-back play, particularly his constructive use of the ball, was praised, as was Jenkyns' physicality, but Albion still scored twice without reply in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0017-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nThe referee realised he might have been mistaken, and attempted to have the match replayed, but the result stood. The Alliance meeting with Birmingham St George's, scheduled for 24 January, was postponed because the latter club's Association Cup tie took precedence, so Small Heath finished January with a comfortable victory in a friendly against Kidderminster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0018-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nAlliance competition resumed with a fast-paced, open game in which Small Heath beat Crewe Alexandra 4\u20133. Villa had the better of an ill-tempered friendly, in which former policeman Caesar Jenkyns and Villa's Tom McKnight were sent off after indulging in \"an unseemly and violent bout of fisticuffs\". In Jenkyns' absence, the 36-year-old Charlie Simms played his first and only league match of the season, at home to Grimsby Town. Short scored early in the second half, but the forwards lacked composure in front of goal, and despite Charsley's best efforts, Grimsby scored twice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0018-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nAfter the match, the Post's correspondent described Small Heath as \"a most erratic combination\". As if to illustrate the point, they beat leading club Nottingham Forest twice in three days. At Nottingham, on a frosty pitch with bright, low sun that made goalkeeping difficult, the two teams scored alternately, Forest taking the lead and Heath equalising, until 4\u20134, when Short's 73rd-minute winner inflicted Forest's first home league defeat of the season. At Coventry Road, the good weather and the previous result attracted a large crowd, and kickoff was delayed for half an hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0018-0002", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January\u2013February\nWhen play did begin, Small Heath's \"forwards were smart and quick on the ball, passed judiciously and accurately, and shot with precision and power\" in a 4\u20132 win. The Post echoed its earlier assessment: \"there are no half measures about the Coventry Road players; they are either very good or very bad.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0019-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March\u2013April\nMarch began with an even game against Newton Heath. The visitors took the lead early in the first half when the ball was adjudged over the line before Charsley cleared, and Wheldon equalised shortly before the interval. Constant pressing in the second half was repulsed by the Newton Heath defence, and Wheldon failed to convert with only the goalkeeper to beat, then, two minutes from time, Wheldon was successful from a similar position and Small Heath won 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0019-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March\u2013April\nTheir defence was much weakened by the inclusion of Fred Heath in place of Caesar Jenkyns, and Birmingham St George's won the postponed match quite easily. At home to Bootle, Ward came in for Charsley in goal, and Albert Evers, making his league debut, and Charsley's brother Walter came in to the half-back line instead of Heath and the still-absent Jenkyns. The scores were level at one apiece until nearing half-time, when Charlie Short scored three goals in as many minutes; another three in the second half, for Devey, Hands and Wheldon, secured a 7\u20131 win and lifted Small Heath to ninth place in the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0020-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March\u2013April\nOn the Saturday of the Easter weekend, Small Heath achieved an unexpected victory in a friendly against West Bromwich Albion. Playing with the benefit of a cold wind at their backs, Wheldon gained a first-half lead, but Albion's defence was too strong for that lead to be increased. Against the wind in the second half, Short fell over in the act of shooting before Wheldon scored again, and however hard Albion tried, they could only pull one goal back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0020-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March\u2013April\nOn Easter Monday, Heath suffered a heavy defeat at Middlesbrough Ironopolis in a friendly; the match was goalless at half-time, but once \"the home team no longer had the sun in their eyes\", the score rose regularly. They did little better in the Alliance at Sunderland Albion the next day, where \"the home side had three-fourths of the play to themselves, and exhibited their superiority from start to finish\" as they won by four goals to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0021-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March\u2013April\nA friendly played in a downpour at Coventry Road, won by Aston Villa by five goals to four with the last kick of the game, preceded the meeting of the same two clubs in the Birmingham Charity Cup at the County Cricket Ground. On \"a perfect quagmire\" of a pitch, \"accurate and scientific football was out of the question\", and Villa won 3\u20131 to reach the final. Small Heath's competitive programme ended with a heavy defeat at Crewe Alexandra that confirmed their tenth-place finish in the Alliance. Three friendlies against local opposition completed their season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0021-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March\u2013April\nThree Warwick County players were tried out in the 3\u20132 defeat of Wolverhampton Wanderers; the winning goal was scored by Will Devey, who was confirmed to be joining Wolverhampton for the coming season. A poor performance earned Small Heath a thrashing at Walsall Town Swifts, and in the last match of the campaign, neither club fielded its strongest eleven as Small Heath beat Birmingham St George's 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0022-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nThroughout the season, the team's two main problems were inconsistency and the inability to keep a clean sheet. On too many occasions, a fine display alternated with a collapse; at least one goal was conceded in every Alliance match, at least three goals in 14 of the 22. The tenth-place finish, with one point fewer than in their first season, was a fair reflection of their performances. At the Annual General Meeting of the Football Alliance, the bottom four teams were all re-elected. The club was \u00a3234 in debt at the end of the season. The Birmingham Daily Post suggested that", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0023-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nMisfortune and mismanagement did them considerable damage during the cup-tie crisis, and towards the latter end of the season the team did not get the encouragement it deserved from the public; but with a larger staff of directors and an infusion of new blood into the team it is hoped that Small Heath patrons will be induced to encourage an old and respected club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0024-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nIn February, it was reported that the Devey brothers intended to stay with Small Heath, but it was a decision dependent \"on circumstances over which finance has sole control.\" By April, it was confirmed that Will Devey, top scorer both this season and last, was to join Football League club Wolverhampton Wanderers. Caesar Jenkyns succeeded him as captain. New players ahead of the 1891\u201392 season included the former Warwick County players George Hollis (goalkeeper), Billy Ollis (centre half) and Fred Wilkes (centre forward), who were tried out in an end-of-season friendly. Arthur Carter, a forward who had also signed from Warwick County, was obliged to retire on medical advice after a serious leg injury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029023-0025-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Small Heath F.C. season, Match details\nFor consistency, attendances and goalscorers' names in the Football Alliance and FA Cup match details are sourced from Matthews (2010). Information in contemporary newspaper reports could, and often did, differ.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season\n1890\u201391 was the sixth season for St. Mary's Football Club (St. Mary's F.C.) based in Southampton in southern England. Having won the Hampshire Junior Cup outright in the previous season, the club entered the Hampshire Senior Cup, winning it at the first attempt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nSt. Mary's continued to play their home grounds at the Antelope Ground in St. Mary's Road and to wear a strip of cherry red quarters, although the shorts were now blue rather than white. The club continued to dominate football in the town of Southampton, with Freemantle, outside the town boundary until 1895, the only other substantial club in the locality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nBy the end of the season, St. Mary's had won not only the Hampshire Senior Cup, but also the Charity Cup put up by Hampshire County Cricket Club. They were also able to widen the circle of friendly matches to include stronger military and touring sides. The season ended with a club membership in excess of 400 and a bank balance of \u00a3100, double that at the start of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Personnel\nAlthough he continued to play, F. A. Delamotte stood down as club secretary and was replaced by John Hendin, with Harry Johns being appointed treasurer. Canon Basil Wilberforce remained as Honorary President although Dr. Russell Bencraft, the senior committee member, was responsible for the running of the club. There were two new members of the playing staff; George Marshall and Ernie Nicholls, both of whom would remain with the club for several years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0003-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Personnel\nThe only player remaining from the eleven who played in the inaugural match in November 1885 was regular goalkeeper Ralph Ruffell although Arthur Fry made a brief return, making one cup appearance in goal in the absence of Ruffell. Apart from this change, the same eleven players appeared in all five cup matches played during the 1890\u201391 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0004-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Personnel\nAlthough there is no record of St. Mary's having any full-time professional players, they were able to attract the best players from the area. William Pickford, the secretary of the Hampshire F.A. (and later the President of the Football Association) writing some years later said: \"It may or may not be that there were \"inducements\", though without doubt the honour of playing with a brilliantly successful side was itself no inconsiderable one\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0005-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nHaving won the Hampshire Junior Cup outright in the previous season, St. Mary's now turned their attention to the Hampshire Senior Cup. Their chances of success at a senior level were not rated very highly as the Hampshire Independent reported:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0006-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nWhen the Senior ties commenced there was a very diverse feeling abroad as to the Saints' chances of getting a look in at the final; and some whose digestion had interfered with their judgement predicted that, although they had pulled off the junior honour, they would soon go under when pitted against the senior clubs of the county.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0007-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nThey were given a bye into the second round, where they met Geneva Cross, a team derived from staff at the Royal Victoria Hospital at Netley, who were easily defeated, 5\u20130. The match was played at the Antelope Ground in very muddy conditions, with the frozen pitch being softened by rain; the mud was reported to be \"ankle deep at the Infirmary End\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0008-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nA month later, St. Mary's met Banister Court in the semi-final; Banister Court were a school team composed mainly of teachers, who were renowned for their \"pretty football\". Amongst the pupils at Banister Court was the 16-year-old Charles Miller, who would go on to become the \"father of Brazilian football\", although he was deemed \"too light\" to play against St. Mary's burly full-backs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0008-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nDespite the efforts of W. P. Cole in the Banister Court goal, who was reported to \"throw the ball out like an expert labourer, with pints of beer in him, excavating a trench\", St. Mary's won the match 3\u20130 to set up the final against the holders, the Royal Engineers from Aldershot Garrison on 14 March 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0009-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nAs the holders, the Engineers were favourites to take the trophy for a third consecutive season. Playing at the County Ground in front of a record crowd estimated at between 4,000 and 5,000, who paid entrance fees totalling \u00a363, St. Mary's took the lead after 20 minutes, through Ernie Nicholls who produced \"a stinging shot which no goalkeeper could have saved\" although the Engineers were level by half-time, following a slip by the Saints' captain, George Carter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0009-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nIn the second half, goals from Frank Bromley (\"a cheer rent the air that might have been heard more than a mile away\") and Bob Kiddle (\"the delight of the Southampton people knew no bounds\") gave St. Mary's the victory, thus remaining undefeated in four seasons of Hampshire cup football. The Southampton Times commented that \"Saints never played a better game\"; \"once more, they had walked smiling through their opponents\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0010-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nWriting in the Bournemouth Guardian, \"Offside\" considered the St. Mary's triumph as", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0011-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nalmost the only event of any notion in the local football world ... It was a victory highly creditable to the Southampton Club, for no other team in the County could have tackled the Engineers with the confidence that the Saints displayed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0012-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nAfter the match, the two sides went to Gidden's Restaurant where the Saints entertained the Engineers. During the after-dinner speeches, Dr. Russell Bencraft announced that the club \"might enter for the English Cup, just for the sake of competing, as (he) felt sure they could hold their own against such teams as Swindon and Reading etc. and it would be a feather in their caps to get through a round or two\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0013-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Friendly matches\nSt. Mary's continued to play most of their football in friendly matches, widening the circle to include stronger military and touring sides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0014-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Friendly matches, Results\nThe results of the friendly matches that are known were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0015-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Player statistics\nThe players who appeared in either of the two Cup tournaments were as follows. This list does not include players who only played in friendly matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029024-0016-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 St. Mary's F.C. season, Players\nThe players who made their first competitive appearance for the club in 1889\u201390 include the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029025-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Stoke F.C. season\nThe 1890\u201391 season was Stoke's only season in the Football Alliance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029025-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Stoke F.C. season\nStoke played their only season in the Football Alliance which they won the title and were re-elected back into the Football League at the end of the season. Stoke found life much easier in the Alliance and lost just twice as they ended up with 33 points and their first league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029025-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nFor the 1890\u201391 season Stoke joined the Football Alliance which comprised 12 teams made up from the Midlands and the North. This was very much the secondary competition to the Football League and while Stoke had struggled in their two previous seasons, they quickly came to grips with life in the Alliance and finished as champions. Stoke only lost two matches all season and were re-elected back into the Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029025-0002-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nBoth defeats came in Birmingham, 5\u20132 at St George's and 5\u20131 at Small Heath and in both games they had their goalkeeper (Bill Rowley and Wilf Merritt respectively) carried off due to injury. With no reserve 'keepers available for the following fixtures Stoke resorted to utilising two outfield players, Hughie Phillips v Crewe Alexandra and Alf Underwood v Bootle in goal. Eventually Ike Brookes the Staffordshire County cricket wicket-keeper was signed for the rest of the season and played in the last 12 matches where Stoke remained unbeaten to claim the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029025-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nWhile out of the Football League, Stoke played a major part in the formation of the penalty kick when, in February 1891 they were knocked out of the FA Cup in the third round by Notts County 1\u20130 after two previous 3\u20130 victory's over Preston North End and Aston Villa. With time running out and Stoke pressing forward for an equalizer, Notts County's defender Jack Hendry handled in the area so the referee gave a free kick to Stoke. Notts County put all eleven men on the line and Stoke failed to score. This same referee, who recognised what an unjust event had occurred later became a football legislator and it was he who introduced the penalty kick to the Football League and FA Cup competitions for the 1891\u201392 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029026-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sunderland A.F.C. season\nThe 1890\u201391 season was Sunderland's 11th season in existence, and their first season as a Football League club. Sunderland were elected into the league for the beginning of its third season, in place of Stoke City who had finished bottom in 1889\u201390.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029026-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sunderland A.F.C. season\nAlthough bottom by mid December, Sunderland had a strong second half of the season, losing only once in the new year and finishing in seventh place (out of twelve). They would have finished fifth were they not deducted two points for failing to register goalkeeper Ned Doig ahead of the game at West Brom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029026-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Sunderland A.F.C. season\nSunderland went on a cup run, reaching their first ever FA Cup Semi-final, losing in a replay to Notts County. Sunderland declined to enter their first team into the Durham Challenge Cup, instead opting to send Sunderland 'A'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029027-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Welsh Amateur Cup\nThe 1890\u201391 Welsh Amateur Cup was the first season of the Welsh Amateur Cup. The cup was won by Wrexham Victoria who defeated Flint Town 4-1 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029028-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 Welsh Cup\nThe 1890\u201391 FAW Welsh Cup was the 14th edition of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales. The competition was won by Shrewsbury Town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029029-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 in English football\nThe 1890\u201391 season was the 20th season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029029-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 in English football, Events\nEverton started the 1890\u201391 season in superb form with five straight victories, with Fred Geary scoring in each of the first six matches. By mid-January, Everton had completed all but one of their fixtures and were on 29 points, while Preston North End were eleven points adrift with seven games still to play. Everton then had to sit out the next two months as Preston completed their fixture list until they were only two points adrift with one match each left to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029029-0001-0001", "contents": "1890\u201391 in English football, Events\nBoth teams played their final games of the season on 14 March, with Everton losing 3\u20132 at Burnley (Geary scored both Everton goals) and Preston going down 3\u20130 at Sunderland. Everton were thus able to win the Football League Championship for the first time, by a margin of two points with fourteen victories from their 22 league games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029029-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 in English football, National team\nIn the 1891 British Home Championship, for the second time England played matches against Wales and Ireland on the same day, 7 March 1891, winning both comfortably.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029029-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 in English football, National team, Wales\nEngland awarded six new caps for the Welsh game, including the Everton left wing pairing of Edgar Chadwick and Alf Milward. For three of the d\u00e9butantes, Leonard Wilkinson (goalkeeper) of Oxford University, Thomas Porteous of Sunderland and Elphinstone Jackson of Oxford University, this was their single England appearance. The final d\u00e9butante was Albert Smith of Nottingham Forest, who made the first of 3 appearances at right-half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029029-0004-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 in English football, National team, Ireland\nFor the Irish match, for which England selected a predominantly Midlands based team, another five players made their debut, of which Joseph Marsden of Darwen and Jem Bayliss of West Bromwich Albion (both defenders) were not selected again. The other d\u00e9butantes were Alf Underwood of Stoke at left-back, George Cotterill of Cambridge University, who made the first of 4 appearances at centre-forward (scoring on his debut) and fellow forward Arthur Henfrey (Corinthian) (who also scored on his debut). This was also Tinsley Lindley's final England appearance, which he marked by scoring 2 goals, as England were comfortable  6\u20131 victors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029029-0005-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 in English football, National team, Scotland\nScotland also beat Wales and Ireland, so, once again, the England v. Scotland match, played at Ewood Park, Blackburn on 6 April 1891, was the championship decider. England selected an experienced team including four players from the Everton side who had recently won the Football League championship, although, rather surprisingly considering the venue, no players were selected from the Blackburn Rovers side who had won the FA Cup in the final on 21 March. England took an early lead and were 2\u20130 up at half time and, although Scotland pulled a goal back through Frank Watt late in the game, England managed to hang on in a close game to clinch victory and the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029030-0000-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 in Scottish football\n1890\u201391 in Scottish football was the 18th season of competitive football in Scotland. This season saw the introduction of the Scottish Football League with ten teams competing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029030-0001-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 in Scottish football, Scottish Football League\nDumbarton and Rangers were declared joint champions after drawing a play-off game 2\u20132 at Cathkin Park, Glasgow on 21 May 1891. Renton started the season as members of the Scottish Football League, but were expelled for professionalism (the game was still officially amateur at this stage). Also, Celtic, Third Lanark and Cowlairs were all docked four points for fielding ineligible players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 54], "content_span": [55, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029030-0002-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup\nHearts were winners of the Scottish Cup after a 1\u20130 win over Dumbarton in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029030-0003-0000", "contents": "1890\u201391 in Scottish football, Junior Cup\nVale of Clyde were winners of the Junior Cup with a 2\u20130 win over Chryston Athletic, in a replay after a draw in the first final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029031-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\n1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1891st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 891st  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 91st  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  2nd   year of the 1890s decade. As of the start of 1891, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029032-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 AHAC season\nThe 1891 Amateur Hockey Association of Canada season saw the Montreal Hockey Club win the league and Canadian championship for the fourth straight season. Ontario launched the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) as the popularity of the sport spread west. Ottawa, the eventual Ontario champion, played in a challenge with Montreal and lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029032-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 AHAC season, Season\nThe Dominion Hockey Club did not return to put on a challenge. The Shamrock Athletic Association mounted their first challenge. The Ottawa Hockey Club returned to AHAC play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029032-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 AHAC season, Season, Overall challenge record\nQuebec lost to Montreal by default on January 7. As a result, Quebec was not allowed to issue any additional challenges for the 1891 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 50], "content_span": [51, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029032-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 AHAC season, Season, Overall challenge record\n\u2020 National champion. The Montreals retained their championship all season without being defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 50], "content_span": [51, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029032-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 AHAC season, Schedule and results\nGames consisted of a mixture of Challenge games and Exhibition (friendlies)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029032-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 AHAC season, Schedule and results\nGame on January 7 was defaulted to Montreal HC by Quebec. Quebec telegraphed that the team would not show.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029032-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 AHAC season, Player statistics, Goaltending averages\nNote: GP = games played, GA = goals against, SO = shutouts, GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 57], "content_span": [58, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029033-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the fifth staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. Dublin were the champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029033-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Representative clubs\nFrom 1887 until 1891 the club champions represented the whole county.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 67], "content_span": [68, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029034-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the fourth All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Dublin were the winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029034-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nIt was the first of six All-Ireland football titles won by Dublin in the 1890s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029034-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nAccording to the website of the beaten finalists Clondrohid GAA (counties were represented by their club champions at that time), \"Clondrohid had now qualified for the All Ireland Senior Football Final against Young Irelands of Dublin played on 28th February 1892 in Clonturk Park in Dublin. Clondrohid won the game 2-9 to 2-1, but several hours after the game the referee disallowed the first Clondrohid goal and as at the time a goal outweighed any number of points, Young Irelands were deemed victorious. Clondrohid subsequently appealed the decision and a replay was granted but for different reasons was never played and Dublin entered the record books as winners of the All Ireland Football title of 1891.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 764]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029035-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the fifth staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 20 September 1891 and ended on 28 February 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029035-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nCork were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial series. Kerry won the All-Ireland following a 2-3 to 1-5 defeat of Wexford in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029035-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nThe Leinster championship was contested by four teams: Dublin (Raparees), Kildare (Maynooth), Laois and Wexford (Crossabeg).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029035-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nThree counties contested the Munster championship: Cork (Blackrock), Kerry (Ballyduff) and Limerick (Treaty Stones).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029035-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nThere were no provincial championships in either Connacht or Ulster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029036-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 4th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Clonturk Park, Dublin, on 28 February 1892, between Kerry and Wexford. The Leinster champions lost out to their Munster counterparts on a score line of 2-3 to 1-5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029036-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe game is notable for a number of reasons. This remains Kerry's only triumph in the All-Ireland championship. It came a full twelve years before their first All-Ireland title in Gaelic football. This remains the only All-Ireland final to be decided after a period of extra-time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029037-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 American Cup\nThe 1891 American Cup was the seventh edition of the soccer tournament organized by the American Football Association. The Fall River East Ends won their first title, keeping the title in Fall River for the fourth year running. Fall River Olympic won the title in 1890 and Fall River Rovers won in 1888 and 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029037-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 American Cup, Participants\nJoining this season were British Hosiery, Cumberland Rangers, Holyoke Rangers, Lowell Thistle, New Rochelle, and Nonpareils. Not returning from last season were Lonsdale, Paterson FC, Providence Athletic, and Trenton FC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029037-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 American Cup, Round 1\nThe drawing for round one took place on Saturday September 20. Caledonian drew a bye to Round 2. Matches to be played on or before October 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029037-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 American Cup, Round 1, Eastern District\nOne source gave the final score as 7\u20130. Another gave the half-time score as 7-0 and the final as 10\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029037-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 American Cup, Round 1, Eastern District\nA protest was entered by Fall River Olympic. The match was ordered to be played again on the Pawtucket grounds by November 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029037-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 American Cup, Round 1, Western District\nThistles failed to show up. Match was given to Kearney Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029037-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 American Cup, Round 1, Western District\nTwo sources gave a final score of 13\u20130. Two others gave a final score of 14\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029037-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 American Cup, Round 2\nThe drawing for round two took place on Saturday October 25, matches to be played within the next six weeks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029037-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 American Cup, Round 2, Eastern District\nMatch was protested by East Ends, but the protest was dismissed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029037-0009-0000", "contents": "1891 American Cup, Round 2, Western District\nMatch was protested by Nonpareils, but the protest was dismissed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029037-0010-0000", "contents": "1891 American Cup, Round 3\nRound 3 matches were arranged at a meeting on Saturday December 20. Nonpareil to play Longfellows and Fall River East Ends to play Fall River Rovers, on or before the First Saturday in March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029037-0011-0000", "contents": "1891 American Cup, Round 3, Eastern District\nFall River Rovers entered a protest. A meeting was held on Saturday March 14 to consider the protest but a quorum was not present.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029038-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1891 Primera Divisi\u00f3n was the first ever Argentine championship making Argentina's the oldest football league outside Continental Europe. This tournament was organized by the Argentine Association Football League whose president was F.L. Wooley. This league only lasted one season, so in 1892 no championship was held. In 1893 other Association with the same name would be established by Alexander Watson Hutton becoming current Argentine Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029038-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe championship took the format of a league of 5 teams, with each team playing the other twice. Many of the results of individual games have been lost, hence the lack of goals for and against in the table below. Hurlingham registered in the tournament but did not take part of the same.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029038-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nAt the end of the season, St. Andrew's and Old Caledonians finished at the top position with 13 points each. They were declared joint champions, but played a playoff match to decide which team got to keep the medals, being St. Andrew's the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029038-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe current Association has not included this title in their documents, except in its web page where only St. Andrew's is listed as champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029038-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n, Final standings, Playoff game\nThis match was played to decide which team got to keep the medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 62], "content_span": [63, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029039-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1891 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1891 college football season. In the first full season of Army football (Army had played a single game in 1890), the Cadets compiled a 4\u20131\u20131 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 80 to 73. The Cadets opened the season with a 10\u20136 victory over Fordham, the team's first-ever win. In the final game of the season, the Cadets defeated the Midshipmen by 32-16 in the second annual Army\u2013Navy Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029039-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Army Cadets football team\nArmy's head coach in 1891 was 22-year-old Henry L. Williams, who had played football at Yale. Williams remained at the Academy only one year. He later served as head coach at Minnesota for 22 years and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029039-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Army Cadets football team\nNo Army Cadets were honored on the 1891 College Football All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029040-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Aston Manor by-election\nThe Aston Manor by-election, 1891 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Aston Manor on 20 March 1891. It was triggered by the death of incumbent MP George Kynoch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1891 Atlantic hurricane season began during the summer and ran through the late fall of 1891. The season had ten tropical cyclones. Seven of these became hurricanes; one becoming a major Category 3 hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season\nBecause there were no modern satellite or other remote-sensing technologies, only cyclones that affected populated land areas or that encountered ships at sea are currently known, so the true total could be higher. For the years 1886 through 1910, an undercount bias of zero to four tropical cyclones per year has been estimated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe tracks of four of the ten cyclones were revised in 1996 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas. Following re-analysis in 2003, two storms previously considered distinct are now regarded as a single system, Tropical Storm 8. A number of other storms from 1891 were considered for inclusion in the Atlantic hurricane database, HURDAT, but are currently excluded due to a lack of evidence of tropical storm intensity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nA tropical storm formed in the Gulf of Mexico northwest of Campeche on 3\u00a0July. By the evening of 6\u00a0July it was approaching the coastline of Texas and had become a Category 1 hurricane. It made landfall just west of Galveston and quickly weakened to a tropical storm. It dissipated near the Alabama-Tennessee state line two days later after further weakening to a tropical depression. Sections of Galveston were flooded by a storm surge. At Baton Rouge, tornadoes related to the hurricane demolished one hundred homes and caused two floors of the state penitentiary to collapse, killing ten prisoners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nA tropical storm formed south of the Cape Verde Islands on 17\u00a0August and travelled on a northwesterly path before dissipating in the Atlantic Ocean on 29\u00a0August without making landfall. For the majority of this period, it is believed to have been at least a Category 1 hurricane based on several factors: readings taken at Bermuda, which it passed on 27\u00a0August; the capsizing of a steamer, the Dunsmurry, on 29\u00a0August; and observations from another ship, La Touraine, which on 30-31\u00a0August encountered the rough seas left in the hurricane's wake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe Martinique Hurricane of 1891 or Hurricane San Mag\u00edn of 1891", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nA Category 2 hurricane with winds of 105\u00a0mph (169\u00a0km/h) was first seen at mid-day on 18\u00a0August about 100\u00a0mi (160\u00a0km) east of Barbados. The hurricane tracked northwestward at 20\u00a0mph (32\u00a0km/h) and grew to a major Category 3 hurricane. That night, the hurricane passed over Martinique, lashing the island for four hours. The hurricane killed more than 700 people in Martinique.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0006-0001", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nAfter reaching its peak intensity with winds of 125 miles per hour (201\u00a0km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 961 mb, the storm began to weaken, becoming a Category 2 storm early on 20\u00a0August. That evening, it passed to the south of Puerto Rico where sustained winds were measured at 100-105\u00a0mph. As it began to turn northward, it made landfall on the extreme eastern edge of the Dominican Republic with winds of 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h). Around midnight on 21\u00a0August, the cyclone passed north of Grand Turk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0006-0002", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nDuring the late afternoon and into the evening hours there, frequent rain squalls occurred, and at 10:15 pm a strong gust of wind was reported. After that gust, the winds decreased in intensity, until around midnight when winds picked up from the west. By 8:00 am the next morning, the wind was blowing southerly, and steady rain was falling on the island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe hurricane continued to weaken while traveling northeastward through the Bahamas on 22\u00a0August. The center of the storm passed directly over Crooked Island, Bahamas. On 23\u00a0August, a ridge of high pressure situated off the southeast coast of the United States prevented the storm, which had become a Category 1 hurricane, from curving back to the north. Instead, it passed over the Florida peninsula as a tropical storm, making landfall near Homestead on 24\u00a0August. Subsequently, it moved into the Gulf of Mexico, where it dissipated on 25\u00a0August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nOn Martinique, the storm destroyed houses, crops and trees across the entire island. Fifty boats in harbours around Martinque were damaged or destroyed. At Ducos, only four homes remained following the storm, and at St. Pierre, at least 34\u00a0people lost their lives. At Fort de France, twenty people were killed. A military camp at Balata was destroyed, with a number of soldiers there sustaining injuries from airborne debris. In total, the death toll from this hurricane was put at 700. In South Florida, the cyclone also produced hurricane-force winds that blew boats ashore near present-day Cutler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0009-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nOn 2\u00a0September a tropical storm formed northeast of the Leeward Islands. It began moving northwestward and reached category 2 hurricane strength by 4\u00a0September. By 7\u00a0September the cyclone was off the coast of New England and was bringing heavy rain to that area. When the hurricane made landfall in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland on 8\u00a0September, it destroyed a number of small vessels but then quickly weakened and dissipated north of Newfoundland in the Labrador Sea on 10\u00a0September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0010-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nA tropical storm formed in the open Atlantic near 19\u00b0N 47\u00b0W on 16\u00a0September before developing into a Category 2 hurricane on 20\u00a0September. This hurricane never made landfall but did pass within 100\u00a0km of Bermuda on the night of 21\u00a0September. A ship was reported wrecked on the coast of the island that night. The hurricane became an extratropical storm on 26\u00a0September in the mid-Atlantic off the coast of Nova Scotia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0011-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nA tropical storm formed in the open Atlantic near 21\u00b0N 54\u00b0W on 29\u00a0September. It moved northwestward becoming first a Category 1 hurricane then, on 3\u00a0October, a Category 2 hurricane. At this strength it passed to the south then to the west of Bermuda on 4\u00a0October. It quickly weakened as it continued heading north and was already an extratropical storm when it made landfall in Nova Scotia on 6\u00a0October. It also struck Newfoundland before dissipating in the Labrador Sea on 8\u00a0October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0012-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven\nA moderate tropical storm formed in the Caribbean Sea south of Jamaica on 4\u00a0October and passed to the west of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands before striking the Isla de la Juventud and Cuba on 6\u00a0October. The next day it passed across southern Florida before travelling northeastward off the east coast of the United States and then dissipating in the open Atlantic on 8\u00a0October. The storm drove some vessels on the coast of Cuba ashore, and two people drowned in flooding on the island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0013-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nA tropical depression formed north of Honduras on 7\u00a0October and strengthened into a tropical storm the next day. On 9\u00a0October it passed across Cuba and quickly weakened to become an extratropical storm. It made landfall in Florida on 10\u00a0October and, five days later, in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland where it dissipated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0014-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine\nA tropical storm formed north of Grenada on 12\u00a0October and made landfall on Saint Croix and the main Virgin Islands on 14\u00a0October. The system strengthened to a Category 1 hurricane as it proceeded north. The hurricane's storm centre passed west of Bermuda on 18\u00a0October but weakened to a tropical storm just before reaching the southern tip of Newfoundland on 20\u00a0October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029041-0015-0000", "contents": "1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Ten\nOn 3\u00a0November, a tropical storm formed northeast of present-day Nassau, Bahamas. It travelled north, passing east of Bermuda on 5\u00a0November. The storm never made landfall before dissipating in the open Atlantic off of Nova Scotia on 6\u00a0November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike\nThe 1891 shearers' strike is one of Australia's earliest and most important industrial disputes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike\nThe dispute was primarily between unionised and non-unionised wool workers. It resulted in the formation of large camps of striking workers, and minor instances of sabotage and violence on both sides. The strike was poorly timed, and when the union workers ran out of food, they were forced to come to terms. The outcome is credited as being one of the factors for the formation of the Australian Labor Party and the rise to power of a pro-Labor Party faction in the Australian Socialist League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike, Background\nIn 1891, wool production was one of Australian continent's largest industries, however, working conditions for sheep shearers during the 19th century in Australia were consistently poor. With the growth of the wool industry, more workers became shearers and employees of the sheds and as their number and influence rose, many joined unions to campaign for better conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike, Background\nBy 1890, the Amalgamated Shearers' Union of Australasia boasted tens of thousands of members, and had unionised thousands of sheds. At their annual conference in Bourke in 1890, the Union laid down a new rule, which prohibited members from working with non-union workers. Soon after, shearers at Jondaryan Station on the Darling Downs went on strike over this issue. As non-union labour was still able to process the wool, the Jondaryan shearers called for help. The Rockhampton wharfies responded and refused to touch the Jondaryan wool. The unionists won the battle. This galvanised the squatters, and they formed the Pastoralists' Federal Council, to counter the strength of the unions. The Australian Socialist League also involved itself directly with the shearers as the strike loomed (which would lead to its involvement in the foundation of the Australian Labor Party).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 922]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike, The strike\nMany union shearers were outraged when Logan Downs Station Manager Charles Fairbain asked the shearers to sign a contract that would reduce the power of their union. On 5 January 1891 the shearers announced a strike until the following demands for a contract were met:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike, The strike\nThe strike started and quickly spread. From February until May, central Queensland was on the brink of civil war. Striking shearers formed armed camps outside of towns. Thousands of armed soldiers protected non-union labour and arrested strike leaders. The unionists retaliated by raiding shearing sheds, harassing non-union labour and committing acts of sabotage, although the incidents of actual violence or arson were few.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike, The strike\nOne of the first May Day marches in the world took place during the strike on 1 May 1891 in Barcaldine. The Sydney Morning Herald reported that 1340 men took part of whom 618 were mounted on horse. Banners carried included those of the Australian Labor Federation, the Shearers' and Carriers' Unions, and one inscribed 'Young Australia'. The leaders wore blue sashes and the Eureka Flag was carried. The \"Labor Bulletin\" reported that cheers were given for \"the Union\", \"the Eight-hour day\", \"the Strike Committee\" and \"the boys in gaol\". It reported the march:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike, The strike\nIn the procession every civilised country was represented doing duty for the Russian, Swede, French, Dane etc, who are germane to him in other climes, showing that Labor's cause is one the world over, foreshadowing the time when the swords shall be turned into ploughshares and Liberty, Peace and Friendship will knit together the nations of the earth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike, The strike\nBut the shearers were unable to hold out. The summer had been unseasonably wet, and the strike was poorly timed for maximum effect on the shearing season (winter). By May the union camps were full of hungry penniless shearers. The strike had been broken. The squatters had won this time, but it had proved a costly exercise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0009-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike, The strike\nThirteen union leaders were charged with sedition and conspiracy, taken to Rockhampton for the trial, convicted, and sentenced to three years in gaol on St Helena Island Prison. Three of those imprisoned (William Hamilton, Julian Stuart, and George Taylor) later became Labor members of parliament \u2013 Hamilton in Queensland and the other two in Western Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0010-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike, The strike\nThe 1891 shearers' strike is credited as being one of the factors for the formation of the Australian Labor Party. On the 9 September 1892 the Manifesto of the Queensland Labour Party was read out under the well known Tree of Knowledge at Barcaldine following the Great Shearers' Strike. The State Library of Queensland now holds the manifesto, in 2008 the historic document was added to UNESCO's Memory of the World Australian Register  and in 2009, the document was added to UNESCO's Memory of the World International Register.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0011-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike, Literary references and allusions\nHenry Lawson's well known poem, Freedom on the Wallaby, was written as a comment on the strike and published by William Lane in the Worker in Brisbane, 16 May 1891. And William Lane wrote his novel in 1892, The workingman's paradise, with two aims: to support fundraising efforts for the imprisoned unionists, and to explain unionism and socialism to those who would listen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0012-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike, Literary references and allusions\nBanjo Paterson's song Waltzing Matilda, an unofficial Australian anthem, was also written about this era of shearers' industrial disputes in Queensland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0013-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike, Literary references and allusions\nHelen Palmer's song 'The Ballad of 1891', set to music by Doreen Jacobs, details the lead up to the strike and aftermath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0014-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike, Literary references and allusions\nThe 1975 film Sunday Too Far Away, directed by Ken Hannam has been partly inspired by the events surrounding this strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0015-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike, Literary references and allusions\nPlaywright Errol O'Neill wrote On the Whipping Side \u2013 a play about the 1891 shearers' strike. This was first performed by the Queensland Theatre Company in 1991 and toured parts of Queensland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029042-0016-0000", "contents": "1891 Australian shearers' strike, Legacy\nThe site of the striking shearers' campsite in Barcaldine is listed on the Queensland Heritage Register.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029043-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Baltimore Orioles season\nIn their last season in the American Association, the 1891 Baltimore Orioles finished in fourth place (third among teams that played a full schedule) with a record of 71\u201364. After the season, the AA folded, and the Orioles joined the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029043-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029043-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029043-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029043-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029044-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Birthday Honours\nThe 1891 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published in the London Gazette on 29 May 1891 and in The Times on 30 May 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029044-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029044-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, Privy Councillor\nThe Queen appointed the following to Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 74], "content_span": [75, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029045-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Boston Beaneaters season\nThe 1891 Boston Beaneaters season was the 21st season of the franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029045-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029045-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029045-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029045-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029046-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Boston Reds season\nThe 1891 Boston Reds baseball team finished the season with a 93\u201342 record and won the American Association championship in their first season in the new league after the demise of the Players' League. Thus they became only the second team (after the 1889\u20131890 Brooklyn Bridegrooms) to win championships in two different leagues in successive seasons, as well as the only team to win the pennant every single season of its existence. After the season, the AA also disbanded, and the Reds team folded with the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029046-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 68], "content_span": [69, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029046-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 61], "content_span": [62, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029046-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029046-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029046-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029047-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1891 saw the reelection of Nathan Matthews Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029048-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Bourke colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Bourke on 4 December 1891 because of the resignation of Peter Howe (Protectionist), which was given to the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly after he had been convicted of conspiracy to defraud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029049-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Brazilian presidential election\nThe Brazilian presidential election of February 1891 was the first presidential election held in Brazil. The president was elected by Congress and resulted in the election as President of Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca, who had been the Head of the Provisional Government since November 15, 1889, when the monarchy was overthrown. Under the Constitution promulgated by Congress of 24 February 1891, the congressional election was held on the following day, 25 February 1891, and the President-elect, together with the Vice President-elect, took office on 26 February 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029050-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 British Lions tour to South Africa\nThe 1891 British Isles tour to South Africa was the first British Isles rugby union tour of South Africa and only the second overseas tour conducted by a joint British team. Between 9 July and 7 September, the team played 20 games, including three Tests against the South Africa national rugby union team. The British Isles not only won all three Test matches, but also won all 17 provincial games. Although not named as such at the time, the tour is retrospectively recognised as a British Lions tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029050-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 British Lions tour to South Africa, Tour details\nAfter the South African Rugby Board was formed in 1889, the committee decided one of the best ways to promote the game was to invite a British side to visit, similar to the British Isles tour of Australia and New Zealand in 1888. In September 1890 the Rugby Football Union (RFU) discussed the proposed tour; in attendance was Mr J Richards of Cape Town, who, as an Old Leysian, had connections to the English game. The tour was agreed, with Cecil Rhodes agreeing to guarantee any financial losses the tour may incur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029050-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 British Lions tour to South Africa, Tour details\nThe first overseas British tour of 1888, was not sanctioned by the RFU, and therefore is often not recognised as an official Lions tour, so the South African Tests were actually the first matches that allowed the British players to be awarded international caps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029050-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 British Lions tour to South Africa, Tour details\nCaptained by Scottish international Bill Maclagan, the British team consisted of players from English and Scottish clubs with a heavy contingent of members from Cambridge University teams. Of the players roughly half were, or would win national caps, and the majority of those who did not were former Cambridge Blues. Although containing four Scots, the fact that the tour was organised by the RFU, the team was initially recognised as an English team, but retrospectively gained its British Isles tag. The touring party had been selected by a committee composed of George Rowland Hill, the president of the RFU, R.S. Whalley, Harry Vassall, Arthur Budd and J.H.S. McArthur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029050-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 British Lions tour to South Africa, Tour details\nThe British team took in twenty matches, three of them tests against the South African team. The tourists won all twenty matches conceding just a single try, which was scored against them in the very first game. Although the Test top scorer for the tourists was Arthur Rotherham, mainly because a conversion at the time was worth twice as much as a try; the tour's outstanding scorer was Randolph Aston. At six-foot three, and weighing 15 stones, Aston played in all 20 matches and was the unstoppable try scorer of the tour. Out of the 89 tries scored by the British team, Aston scored 30 including the first try against the South African team in the first Test.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029050-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 British Lions tour to South Africa, Tour details\nThe tourists played in red and white hooped shirts and dark blue shorts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029050-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 British Lions tour to South Africa, Results\nComplete list of matches played by the British Isles in South Africa:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029050-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 British Lions tour to South Africa, Match details, First test\nSouth Africa: Ben Duff, Harry Boyes, Chubb Vigne, Mosey van Buuren, Alfred Richards, Frank Guthrie, Oupa Versfeld, Bill Bisset, Herbert Hayton Castens (capt. ), Tiger Devenish, Japie Louw, Edward Little, Fred Alexander, GA Merry, Frank HamiltonBritish Isles: William Grant Mitchell, Paul Robert Clauss, Randolph Aston, Bill Maclagan (capt. ), Arthur Rotherham, William Wotherspoon, William Bromet, John Harding Gould, Johnny Hammond, Froude Hancock, Robert MacMillan, Clement Pearson Simpson, Aubone Surtees, Robert Thompson, Thomas Sherren Whittaker", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029050-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 British Lions tour to South Africa, Match details, Second test\nSouth Africa: Ben Duff, Harry Boyes, Chubb Vigne, Arthur de Kock, Alfred Richards, Jackie Powell, Oupa Versfeld, Bob Snedden (capt. ), Bob Shand, Wilfred Trenery, Japie Louw, DW Smith, Fred Alexander, Fairy Heatlie, CW SmithBritish Isles: William Grant Mitchell, Paul Robert Clauss, Randolph Aston, Bill Maclagan (capt. ), Howard Marshall, Edward Bromet, William Bromet, John Harding Gould, Johnny Hammond, Froude Hancock, Robert MacMillan, Edwin Mayfield, Aubone Surtees, Robert Thompson, Thomas Sherren Whittaker", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029050-0009-0000", "contents": "1891 British Lions tour to South Africa, Match details, Third test\nSouth Africa: Ben Duff, AJ Hartley, Chubb Vigne, Hasie Versfeld, Alfred Richards (capt. ), Frank Guthrie, Oupa Versfeld, Bill Bisset, Bob Shand, CG van Renen, Japie Louw, Edward Little, JA McKendrick, Fairy Heatlie, TW ChignellBritish Isles: William Grant Mitchell, Paul Robert Clauss, Randolph Aston, Bill Maclagan (capt. ), Howard Marshall, Arthur Rotherham, William Bromet, Edward Bromet, Johnny Hammond, Froude Hancock, Robert MacMillan, Edwin Mayfield, Aubone Surtees, Robert Thompson, Thomas Sherren Whittaker", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029051-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Brooklyn Grooms season\nThe 1891 Brooklyn Grooms (the name was shortened from \"Bridegrooms\" this season) started the year with real estate mogul George Chauncey purchasing a controlling interest in the ballclub to join Ferdinand Abell and Charles Byrne in the ownership group. The former owner of the Brooklyn Ward's Wonders in the now defunct Players' League, Chauncey organized a merger of his team with the Grooms, forcing the firing of manager Bill McGunnigle (despite his winning two league championships) and replacing him with former Wonders manager and shortstop, John Montgomery Ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029051-0000-0001", "contents": "1891 Brooklyn Grooms season\nThe new owner also thought the team could generate larger revenue from a bigger stadium, so they decided to move the team to his stadium, Eastern Park. Games would be split between the new facility and old Washington Park during the 1891 season and the team would move full-time in 1892. With all the turmoil, the team fell back into the pack, finishing the season in sixth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029051-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029051-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029051-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts; CG = Complete games", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029052-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1891 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University during the 1891 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029053-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Buchtel football team\nThe 1891 Buchtel football team represented Buchtel College in the 1891 college football season. This season was the team's first. They did not have a coach and were led by captain Charles Weeks. They were outscored by their opponents 22\u201394 and finished with a record 1\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029054-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Buckingham by-election\nThe 1891 Buckingham by-election was held on 28 May 1891 after the expulsion of the incumbent Liberal MP, Edmund Verney, who had won in a by-election two years' previously. The seat was retained by the Liberal candidate Herbert Samuel Leon. The Conservative candidate, Evelyn Hubbard was the younger brother of a previous MP and had stood in the 1889 by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029055-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Calgary municipal election\nThe 1891 Calgary municipal election was scheduled for January 5, 1891 to elect a Mayor and six Councillors to sit on the seventh Calgary Town Council from January 5, 1891 to January 18, 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029055-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Calgary municipal election, Background\nVoting rights were provided to any male, single woman, or widowed British subject over twenty-one years of age who are assessed on the last revised assessment roll with a minimum property value of $200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029055-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Calgary municipal election, Background\nThe election was held under multiple non-transferable vote where each elector was able to cast a ballot for the mayor and up to four ballots for separate councillors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029055-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Calgary municipal election, Results, Councillors\nElection was held under Multiple non-transferable vote where each elector was able to cast a ballot for the mayor and up to six ballots for separate councillors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029056-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1891 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1891 college football season. The team competed as an independent, without a head coach, and compiled a record of 0\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029057-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Canadian federal election\nThe 1891 Canadian federal election was held on March 5, 1891 to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 7th Parliament of Canada. It was won by the Conservative Party of Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029057-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Canadian federal election\nThe main issue of the 1891 campaign was Macdonald's National Policy, a policy of protective tariffs. The Liberals supported reciprocity (free trade) with the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029057-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Canadian federal election\nMacdonald led a conservative campaign emphasizing stability, and retained the Conservatives' majority in the House of Commons. It was a close election and he campaigned hard. Macdonald died a few months after the election, which led to his succession by four different Conservative Prime Ministers until the 1896 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029057-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Canadian federal election\nSenator John Abbott succeeded Macdonald as Conservative leader and Prime Minister after Macdonald's death on June 6, 1891. Abbott's most famous political comment was \"I hate politics.\" He had in fact supported John Sparrow David Thompson to succeed Macdonald. Abbott, in failing health, was finally succeeded by Thompson in 1892. Mackenzie Bowell, another senator, succeeded Thompson after his sudden death from a heart attack on December 12, 1894. Bowell was ousted by several of his own cabinet ministers and replaced by Charles Tupper in April 1896, who led the Conservatives in the June 1896 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029057-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Canadian federal election\nIt was Wilfrid Laurier's first election as leader of the Liberals. Although he lost the election, he increased the Liberals' support. He returned in 1896 to win a solid majority, despite losing the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029057-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Canadian federal election\nCanadian voters would return to the issue of free trade 20 years later in the 1911 federal election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029057-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Canadian federal election, National results\n* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029057-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 Canadian federal election, National results\n2 The Parliamentary website identifies two candidates in Nova Scotia as being \"Progressives\". This may be an error.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029058-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Canterbury colonial election re-count\nIn September 1891 the Elections and Qualifications Committee conducted a re-count of the 1891 Canterbury election. There were 4 seats available. Joseph Carruthers (Free Trade) had been comfortably re-elected at the head of the poll with 7,231 votes, 19.8%. The following 4 candidates were separated by 105 votes, with John Wheeler (Free Trade) defeating James Eve (Ind. Free Trade) for the final seat with a margin of 5 votes. The next best candidate, John Grant (Labour) was a further 487 behind, with 3,857 votes, 10.6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029058-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Canterbury colonial election re-count\nThe committee declared that John Wheeler (Free Trade) had not been elected the member for Canterbury, however no by-election was conducted. Instead instead the committee declared that James Eve (Ind. Free Trade) based on its own count of the result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029059-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Cardiff County Borough Council election\nThe 1891 Cardiff County Borough Council election was held on Monday 2 November 1891 to elect councillors to Cardiff County Borough Council in Cardiff, Wales. These were the third all-Cardiff elections since the creation of the county borough. The previous elections were in November 1890 and the next elections were in November 1892", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029059-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Cardiff County Borough Council election\nThe result of the election saw no overall change in composition of the council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029059-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Background\nCardiff had become a county borough in April 1889. In July 1890 the town's ward boundaries were redrawn, increasing the number of electoral wards from five to ten. On 25 July the General Purposes Committee of the council had redistributed the existing councillors over the ten wards. Not all council seats were included in each contest, because the three councillors in each ward stood down for election in three-yearly rotation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029059-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Background\nElections normally took place on 1 November each year. Because 1 November 1891 fell on a Sunday, the 1891 elections took place on 2 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029059-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Background\nThe council consisted of 30 councillors who were elected by the town's voters and ten aldermen who were elected by the councillors. Ten seats were up for election in November 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029059-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Overview of the result\nContests took place in seven of the ten electoral wards, namely Canton, Cathays, Central, Grangetown, Riverside, Roath and South. In three wards - Adamsdown, Park and Splott - the (Liberal) councillors were elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029059-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Overview of the result\nPrior to the election, three of the seven contested seats were held by the Liberal Party and four by the Conservatives. This remained the case after the results were announced. In comparison with 1890, the Liberals had an overall increase in votes of 299, in comparison with 127 for the Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029059-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Overview of the result\nThe Conservatives concentrated their campaigning in the Central and South wards, though in the South ward the retiring Conservative councillor only won by one vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029059-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Overview of the result, Council composition\nFollowing these elections, the council's Liberal majority remained, with 26 Liberal members, 13 Conservatives and one Liberal Unionist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 89], "content_span": [90, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029059-0009-0000", "contents": "1891 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Ward results, Grangetown\nFireworks were let off after the result was announced, celebrating Brain's re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 70], "content_span": [71, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029059-0010-0000", "contents": "1891 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Ward results, Riverside\nBeavan had previously lost his council seat in the South ward in November 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029059-0011-0000", "contents": "1891 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Ward results, South\nMorel, a ship owner, had been the sitting councillor for six years. There was more than one recount and the results were not announced until 10 p.m. The winning candidate was not present at the count, being ill with pleurisy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 65], "content_span": [66, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029060-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Case football team\nThe 1891 Case football team was an American football team that represented the Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland, Ohio, now a part of Case Western Reserve University. The season was the team's first. Playing as an independent during the 1891 college football season, the team compiled a 1\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029061-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Census of India\nThe 1891 Census of India was conducted by the British Raj and covered the lands now part of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Burma. The Census Commissioner was Jervoise Athelstane Baines, who was later knighted for his work in India. Baines changed the classification from that which had been used in the 1881 census. His obituary in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society describes the changes as being \"first the separation of caste from religion and, secondly, the substitution of the population subsisting by an occupation for that exercising it.\" He wrote the resultant 300-page General Report, which had \"a literary flavour and wide scholarship\" rather than a mere analysis of the data. The total population reported was about 287,000,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029062-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Central Colonels football team\nThe 1891 Central Colonels football team represented Central University in Richmond, Kentucky during the 1891 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029063-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Central Cumberland colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Central Cumberland on 29 August 1891 because of the death of Robert Ritchie (Free Trade).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029064-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago Colts season\nThe 1891 Chicago Colts season was the 20th season of the Chicago Colts franchise, the 16th in the National League and the 1st at South Side Park. The Colts finished second in the National League with a record of 82\u201353.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029064-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029064-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029064-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029064-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 65], "content_span": [66, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029064-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 66], "content_span": [67, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election\nThe Chicago mayoral election of 1891 saw \"Reform\" candidate Hempstead Washburne narrowly win a four-way race against incumbent Democrat DeWitt Clinton Cregier, former mayor Carter Harrison Sr., and Citizens Party candidate Elmer Washburn. Also running was Socialist Labor candidate Thomas J. Morgan. Due to the four-way split in popular support, Washburne won with merely a 28.83% vote share and less than a quarter-of-a-percent margin of victory over second-place finisher Creiger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic nomination\nCrieger's term as mayor had been regarded as decent. However, many Democrats were displeased with Cregier's favoritism of the city's Irish population over other groups. Additionally, followers of former mayor Carter Harrison Sr. felt that Cregier had been disregarding them when making political appointments. A number of scandals had also tainted his administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic nomination\nCregier was challenged by former mayor Carter Harrison Sr. Harrison sensed voter dissatisfaction with Cregier. Harrison also desired to oversee the city's hosting of the World's Columbian Exposition (which the city had hosted the right to host by the United States government in 1890, after a successful bid effort in which Cregier had been involved). Wishing to stage a political comeback, Harrison had come out of his retirement to run again for mayor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic nomination\nThe race for the Democratic nomination was contentious and rancorous. Each candidate ran fierce campaigns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic nomination\nHarrison's campaign was managed by Adolf Kraus. The most influential backer of Harrison's candidacy was considered to be Frank Lawler. Lawler and Harrison each made speeches before large and excited crowds across the city in support of Harrison's candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic nomination\nLocal Democratic establishment leadership largely stood behind Cregier. The city's Democratic executive committee formally supported his candidacy. Cregier received the backing of political organizations such as the Wah-na-ton Club and the Iroquois Club. Creiger also had the backing of individuals such as John M. Palmer and Clarence S. Darrow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic nomination\nThe primary to elect delegates to the city nominating convention was held on March 20, and showed a clear victory for Cregier. However Harrison's supporters alleged that electoral fraud had taken place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic nomination\nAt the convention, an effort successfully prevented Harrison from being allowed to enter the convention hall. In protest of this, 47 of Harrison's 99 pledged delegates withdrew their places. In the end, Cregier was renominated at the convention by a vote of 331 to 52.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Carter Harrison Sr.'s independent candidacy\nWhile Cregier had managed to fend-off Harrison's challenge for the Democratic nomination, Harrison opted to challenge him in the general election as an independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 87], "content_span": [88, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0009-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Citizen's Party nomination\nThe Citizen's Party, which was operated through the Union League Club of Chicago and organized by notable businessmen such as Potter Palmer, Marshall Field, and Philip Danforth Armour, nominated Elmer Washburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0010-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Citizen's Party nomination\nThe Citizen's Party and Washburn's candidacy was a well-funded attempt by the old elite of the city to retake control of local politics, for the claimed purposes of bringing cleaner and more efficient governance, and lower taxes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0011-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Citizen's Party nomination\nFranklin MacVeagh, the original candidate sought by the (largely Republican) reformers behind the party declined to run. It was after this that Washburn would enter the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0012-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nIn their platform Democrats, who nominated Crieger, supported an eight hour work day, affirmed that the streets were the property of the citizens, supported legislation for the masses, demanded that the city undertake its own construction work rather than relying on contractors, urged the enforcement of factory and tenement laws, urged a fixed salary to be paid to the city treasurer, and for the interest on deposits to belong to the city treasury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0013-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nThe Democratic electorate was split between Cregier and Harrison. Union support was also split between the two candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0014-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nReform candidate Hempstead Washburne and Citizens candidate Elmer Washburn (former Director of the United States Secret Service and former Chicago Police Chief) were both members of the Washburn family. Elmer Washburn was cousins with Hempstead Washburne's father Elihu B. Washburne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0015-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nIn addition to being nominated by the Citizens committee, Elmer Washburn was also backed/nominated by the Prohibition Party. Elmer Washburn was criticized by some as \"puritanical\". Advancing a Sabbatarian agenda, the Citizens ticket he headed supported the closing of saloons, parks, and streetcar service on the Sabbath. His campaign was well-funded and well-publicized.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0016-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nThe race was intense, with all candidates engaging in vitriol, including slander. Harrison focused most of his attacks at Cregier. Cregier focused most of his attacks towards Harrison. Washburn focused his attacks on both Cregier and Harrison. Washburn divided his attacks among all three of the other main candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0017-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nHarrison's forces tried to paint Cregier as incompetent and as having unscrupulous connections. Creiger's forces, in turn, tried to claim that, through Frank Lawler, Harrison was connecticted to widely unpopular streetcar magnate Charles Yerkes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0018-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nOn one occasion during the campaign, Harrison literally had mud slung at him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0019-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results\nCreiger received 77.92% of the Polish-American vote, while Harrison received 10.42% and Washburne received 7.83%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0020-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Allegations of irregularities misconduct\nAfter the election, some factions of the Democratic party vocally issued allegations that there had been election irregularities and misconduct. It was alleged that strong-arm tactics being used by lieutenants of Creiger in seven wards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 89], "content_span": [90, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0021-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, Aftermath\nThe divide between the Cregier's and Harrison's supporters would endure into the fall, when they held separate caucuses and sat separately at the Democratic Party convention. However, they ultimately united behind the party at this convention, supporting the Democratic ticket for the fall elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029065-0022-0000", "contents": "1891 Chicago mayoral election, Aftermath\nComplaints of election irregularities and misconduct strengthened the push for the adoption of a secret ballot in Chicago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029066-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Chilean presidential election\nThe Chilean presidential election of 1891 took place through a system of electors, and resulted in the election as President of Jorge Montt, who was the sole candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029067-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Cincinnati Kelly's Killers season\nThe 1891 Cincinnati Kelly's Killers season was a season in American baseball. The \"Kelly\" in the name came from manager King Kelly, who was also the team's starting catcher. In 1891, their only season of existence, they finished with a record of 43\u201357, good for sixth place in the American Association, 32\u00bd games behind the Boston Reds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029067-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Cincinnati Kelly's Killers season\nThe team, which was also called the Cincinnati Reds, folded on August 17, and was replaced by the Milwaukee Brewers, brought in from the Western League. Kelly himself moved on to the Boston Reds. After the season, the American Association itself folded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029067-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Cincinnati Kelly's Killers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 83], "content_span": [84, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029067-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Cincinnati Kelly's Killers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029067-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Cincinnati Kelly's Killers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 81], "content_span": [82, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029067-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Cincinnati Kelly's Killers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 79], "content_span": [80, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029068-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Cincinnati Reds season\nThe 1891 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. Shortly before the start of the baseball season, owner Al Johnson sold the club to John T. Brush. The team finished in a tie for last place in the National League with the Pittsburgh Pirates with a record of 56\u201381, 30.5 games behind the Boston Beaneaters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029068-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nAfter a fairly successful first season in the National League in 1890, the Reds looked to improve on their 77\u201355 record in 1891. The team brought back manager Tom Loftus for a second season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029068-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nCincinnati had a new starting shortstop, as Germany Smith joined the team from the Brooklyn Bridegrooms. The light hitting Smith batted .191 with a homer and 47 RBI with the Bridegrooms in 1890. The Reds would also have third baseman Arlie Latham for the full season, as he had split the 1890 season between the Reds and Chicago Pirates of the Players' League. Latham had some big seasons with the St. Louis Browns of the American Association in the 1880s, leading the league in runs (152) in 1886, and stolen bases (109) in 1888. Veteran pitcher Old Hoss Radbourn joined the Reds after going 27\u201312 with a 3.31 with the Boston Reds of the Players' League in 1890. Radbourn had a huge season back in 1884 with the Providence Grays, going 59\u201312 with a 1.38 ERA, 73 complete games and striking out 441 hitters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029068-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nBug Holliday rebounded from a substandard 1890 season by leading the team with a .319 average, nine homers and 84 RBI. Jocko Halligan, who joined the Reds in July, had a .312 average with three homers and 44 RBI in only 61 games. Latham hit .272 with seven homers and 53 RBI, as well as leading the team with 87 stolen bases. Tony Mullane led the pitching staff with 23 victories, while Billy Rhines finished the year 17\u201324 with a team best 2.87 ERA and 138 strikeouts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029068-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary\nThe Reds started the season off losing four games in a row to their Ohio rivals, the Cleveland Spiders, which included a 23\u20134 loss. That set the tone for the season, as wins were scarce, as Cincinnati fell into the National League cellar. The Reds battled back, finishing off the season with a seven-game winning streak to move into a virtual tie with the Pittsburgh Pirates for seventh place. Both teams finished 30\u00bd games behind the pennant winning Boston Beaneaters, but the Reds had a slightly better winning percentage by virtue of having played two more games than the Pirates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029068-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029068-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029068-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029069-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Cincinnati football team\nThe 1891 Cincinnati football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1891 college football season. The team compiled a 4\u20132\u20131 record. Clyde Johnson was the team captain. The team had no head coach and played its home games at Union Ball Park in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029070-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Cisleithanian legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in Cisleithania in 1891 to elect the members of the eighth Imperial Council. They were the last elections in Cisleithania before the Badeni electoral reform, which drastically increased male suffrage. The German Liberal and Constitutional Party received 32.81% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029070-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Cisleithanian legislative election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held according to the curia arrangement that was instituted in 1873 to complement the implementation of direct elections. Voters were classified according to their status and wealth into four curiae:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029071-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 City of Christchurch by-election\nThe Christchurch by-election of 1891 was a by-election during the 11th New Zealand Parliament held on 9 October that year in the Christchurch electorate. It was triggered by the resignation of sitting member Westby Perceval who had been appointed as the new Agent-General in the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029071-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 City of Christchurch by-election\nThe election would later come under protest by Eden George who claimed that nominations had been accepted too late to warrant candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029072-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Cleveland Spiders season\nThe 1891 Cleveland Spiders season was a season in American baseball. They finished with a 65\u201374 record and a fifth-place finish in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029072-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Cleveland Spiders season\nThe Spiders moved to a new ballpark in 1891. League Park was financed by Spiders owner Frank Robison, and it would be the team's home for the remainder of their existence. It would also be home to the Cleveland Indians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029072-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Cleveland Spiders season\nThe Spiders also had a new manager. Patsy Tebeau, the team's starting third baseman, was named manager midway through the season. He remained the Spiders manager until his contract was reassigned to the St. Louis Perfectos before the 1899 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029072-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029072-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029072-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029072-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029073-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Colgate football team\nThe 1891 Colgate football team represented Colgate University in the 1891 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029074-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1891 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected by Caspar Whitney as the best players at their positions for the 1891 college football season. Whitney began publishing his All-America Team in 1889, and 1891 was the first year Whitney's list was published in Harper's Weekly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029075-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Colorado Silver and Gold football team\nThe 1891 Colorado Silver and Gold football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1891 college football season. The team competed as an independent, without a head coach, and compiled a record of 1\u20134 which included the program's first win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029076-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Columbia football team\nThe 1891 Columbia football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1891 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20135 record and was outscored by a total of 220 to 32. The team had no coach. T. Ludlow Chrystie was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029077-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Columbus Solons season\nThe 1891 Columbus Solons baseball team finished with a 61\u201376 record, sixth place in the American Association. The team folded at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029077-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Columbus Solons season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029077-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Columbus Solons season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029077-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Columbus Solons season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029077-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Columbus Solons season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029077-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Columbus Solons season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029078-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Cork City by-election\nThe Cork City by-election, 1891 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Cork City on 6 November 1891. It arose as a result of the death of the sitting member, Charles Stewart Parnell of the Irish Parliamentary Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029078-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Cork City by-election, Background\nIn the year before the by-election, the Irish Parliamentary Party had split in two after Parnell, its leader, had been cited as co-respondent in a divorce case, causing a scandal. A majority of the party's MPs left to found an Anti- Parnellite group. Three successive by-elections showed public support favouring the Anti- Parnellites. Even with Parnell dead, the bitterness that had arisen in the course of the party split was still deep.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029078-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Cork City by-election, The campaign\nThe Parnellites nominated their most prominent figure, John Redmond, for the seat. As the sitting MP for North Wexford, Redmond had to resign in order to contest the by-election. The anti-Parnellites nominated Martin Flavin, a local butter merchant and member of Cork Corporation. There was also a Conservative candidate, Captain Dominick Sarsfield, a landowner, Orangeman, and descendant of Patrick Sarsfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029078-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Cork City by-election, Result\nThe Parnellites would have expected to do well in their former leader's own constituency, although the other member - this was a two-seat constituency - was Maurice Healy, a strong anti-Parnellite. In the event, the result was a big success for Flavin, who got 3,669 votes as against 2,157 for Redmond and 1,161 for Sarsfield - a majority of 1,512 (and 351 over the other two combined). Flavin only held the seat until the following year's general election, when he retired due to ill-health. Redmond was subsequently elected in a by-election in Waterford City and held the seat until his death in 1918; Dominick Sarsfield was taken ill shortly after the election and died the following February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029079-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1891 Cork Senior Football Championship was the fifth staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029079-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Cork Senior Football Championship\nClondrohid won the championship following a 3-05 to 0-02 defeat of Nils in the final. This was their first ever championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029080-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1891 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the fifth staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029080-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nAghabullogue were the defending champions, however, they decided not to field a team and granted a walkover to Inniscarra. For the first time ever the championship was divided along divisional lines. The champion clubs of the four divisions contested the county championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029080-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 31 May 1891, Blackrock won the championship following a 4-04 to 0-00 defeat of Inniscarra in the final. This was their third championship title overall and their first title in two years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029081-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1891 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1891 college football season. The team compiled a 7\u20133 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 298 to 34.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029082-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 County Carlow by-election\nThe County Carlow by-election, 1891 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of County Carlow on 7 July 1891. It arose as a result of the death of the sitting member, James Patrick Mahon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029082-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 County Carlow by-election, Background\nThe by-election took place at a crucial moment in the history of the Irish Nationalist party. After a public scandal in which it was revealed that its leader, Charles Stewart Parnell, was living in a relationship with Katharine O'Shea, wife of one of his party MPs, and had three children by her, the party split, the Anti- Parnellite majority leaving to form the Irish National Federation, while the Parnellite minority continued as the Irish National League. By-elections offered the two sides an opportunity to test their support among the general population. Anti - Parnellite candidates had been successful in North Kilkenny and in North Sligo; a third loss would represent a crushing blow to Parnell's supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029082-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 County Carlow by-election, Campaign\nThe Parnellites were positive about their prospects. Parnell, who had just married the now-divorced Katherine, told the Times in an interview that this was the first by-election since the crisis had arisen that he had any prospect of winning; Bagenalstown, in the west of the county, was considered a Parnellite stronghold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029082-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 County Carlow by-election, Campaign\nOn 23 June the Anti- Parnellite campaign nominated their candidate: John Hammond, Chairman of Carlow Town Commissioners. The next day, the Parnellites nominated Andrew Kettle, a founder of the Irish Land League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029082-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 County Carlow by-election, Campaign\nAt the start, there were signs that it might be a quiet campaign. The Times declared that 'it will be hard for either party to infuse any real fighting spirit into it'. The choice of Mr Kettle, it declared, 'is not looked upon as providing a strong candidate whose selection indicates confidence and determination'. Hammond, on the other hand, was 'regarded as a half-hearted Nationalist, a mild specimen of the patriot who was on too good terms with the minority to be implicitly trusted in the day of trial'. The campaign, it announced, 'is at present slow and spirited'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029082-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 County Carlow by-election, Campaign\nParnell, in contrast to recent by-elections, ran a studiously moderate campaign. On 28 June he arrived in Carlow and addressed a large crowd at the Town Hall. There were reports that a Parnellite group had been stoned on the outskirts of the town, but there were no other disturbances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029082-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 County Carlow by-election, Campaign\nThe next day, Parnell spoke at Bagenalstown, and addressed the issue of how his personal life affected his public responsibilities:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029082-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 County Carlow by-election, Campaign\nOn the same day, Tim Healy MP addressed an Anti- Parnellite meeting. \"Could there be anything in Carlow of the nature of a contest were it not for Kitty O'Parnell?\" he asked, to laughter and cheers. \"They had no means of getting rid of English dictation except by the aid of the English democracy\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029082-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 County Carlow by-election, Campaign\nOn 1 July, Parnell spoke to an enthusiastic crowd at Hacketstown, described as 'entirely Parnellite'. A later meeting in Rathvilly, however, was attended by 'hooting, groaning and beating of tin cans', and the return to Carlow town was described as 'undemonstrative and chilling'. Healy and Hammond, meanwhile, were well received at Leighlinbridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029082-0009-0000", "contents": "1891 County Carlow by-election, Campaign\nThe Parnellite campaign suffered a major setback on the next day, when the leadership of the Roman Catholic church, who had been quiet on the issue to that point, issued a letter stating that Parnell \"has utterly disqualified himself to be the political leader\" of the Irish people, and calling on them to repudiate his leadership. The letter was signed by all of the Archbishops and Bishops with the exception of Dr O'Dwyer of Limerick. The 'open hostility to ecclesiastical authority' of some of his supporters was cited as an important factor in their decision. At the same time, Bernard O'Neill, Parish priest of Bagenalstown, made clear that as one of those who had nominated Kettle, he urged his parishioners to vote for him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029082-0010-0000", "contents": "1891 County Carlow by-election, Campaign\nThe Anti-Parnellites made much of the opposing candidate's name. Kettle was described as 'a utensil' for Parnell, prepared to 'boil over' if necessary. They used kettles in demonstrations to make noise and drown out their opponent's speeches. An effigy of Katherine O'Shea holding a kettle was suspended from a tree, and a dead fox hung out with a kettle tied to its tail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029082-0011-0000", "contents": "1891 County Carlow by-election, Campaign\nIn the closing days, heated divisions were apparent. Parnell was well received at Fenagh but driven out of Ballon with 'shouts, execrations, and the beating of kettles'. A fight broke out between supporters of the two sides who passed on the road near Tullow. The groups 'engaged each other with stones and sticks for several minutes. ... The missiles and bludgeons were used to such effect that blood flowed freely, and the Anti-Parnellites were eventually forced to retreat.\" By now, the Times was reporting that, while Parnell continued to predict victory, his supporters appeared less confident and were talking of their determination to fight on even if defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029082-0012-0000", "contents": "1891 County Carlow by-election, Voting\nPolling day was reported as quiet, apart from two attempts to assault Parnell, and one alleged case of personation. Kettle's supporter, Father O'Neill, protested that one of his curates was acting as a personation agent for Hammond; his three curates, defending their support for the Anti- Parnellite candidate, produced a letter from the local bishop, urging O'Neill to abstain from campaigning and allow them to promote the Anti- Parnellite cause.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029082-0013-0000", "contents": "1891 County Carlow by-election, Voting\nThe result was an emphatic victory for the Anti- Parnellites, with Hammond receiving 3,747 votes as against just 1,532 for Kettle, a majority of 2,215. Seeing how well they could do in one of the strongest Parnellite seats, his opponents now calculated that they would win all but three of the Nationalist constituencies in a general election. For the Parnellites, it was a heavy blow, described by the Freeman's Journal as 'far and away larger than anyone could have anticipated'. Parnell died just three months later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029083-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 County Championship\nThe 1891 County Championship was the second officially organised running of the County Championship, and ran from 18 May to 27 August 1891. Surrey County Cricket Club claimed their second successive title by winning 12 of their 16 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029084-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Crescent Athletic Club football team\nThe 1891 Crescent Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Crescent Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1891 college football season. The team played its home games at Eastern Park in Brooklyn, compiled a 5\u20133 record (3\u20130 against AFU opponents), and won the AFU championship. Two of the team's losses were to Walter Camp's undefeated 1891 Yale team that did not allow its opponents to score a single point. Harry Beecher, who played for Yale from 1884 to 1887, was the Crescent team's quarterback and captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029085-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Cypriot legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in Cyprus on 7 November 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029085-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Cypriot legislative election, Electoral system\nThe Legislative Council consisted of six official members appointed by the High Commissioner and twelve elected members, three of which were Muslims and nine of which were non-Muslims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029085-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Cypriot legislative election, Electoral system\nThe island was divided into three constituencies, each formed of two districts. Each constituency elected one Muslim and three non-Muslims. Muslim voters had one vote, whilst non-Muslims could vote for up to three candidates. Due to the high levels of illiteracy, voting was not secret, with voters required to tell the polling officers their candidates of choice, often in front of agents of the candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029085-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Cypriot legislative election, Electoral system\nSuffrage was limited to men aged over 21 who had been permanent residents during the five years prior to the elections, and who had paid either the verghi tax (which was levied as an annual payment of one four-thousandth of a property's value, 4% of rental income or 3% on profits or salaries) or rent for a dwelling or shop within the last year. However, of the estimated 40,000 taxpayers in the territory at the time of the elections, only those that had been able to pay their taxes on time were able to register to vote. The number of registered voters for the non-Muslim seats dropped from 15,408 in 1886 to 10,030.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029085-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nIn Limassol\u2013Paphos there were only non-Muslim three candidates; incumbent MLC Aristotle Paleologos, former MLC (1886\u20131889) Socrates Fragoudis, and the lawyer Ioannis Kyriakidis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029085-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nThe Nicosia\u2013Kyrenia constituency also only had three non-Muslim candidates; incumbent MLCs Paschalis Constantinides and Kyrillos Papadopoulos, and Yerasimo Hadji Diako, the Abbot of Kykkos Monastery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029085-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nThe Larnaca\u2013Famagusta constituency was the only one to have a contested vote, with seven candidates running; incumbent MLCs Achillea Liasides and Richardos Matei and Nikolaos Rossos, Loukas Paisiou (a teacher), Georgios Siakallis (a landowner and lawyer), Ioannis Vontitsianos (a farmer) and Arthur Young, the Commissioner of Famagusta. Liasides was the incumbent MLC for Nicosia\u2013Kyrenia, but had switched constituency to allow Yerasimo Hadji Diako to be elected unopposed, having been promised the full support of the church in his re-election campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029085-0006-0001", "contents": "1891 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nAs a British official, Young's candidacy was controversial, with Greek Cypriot politicians convinced it was a ploy by the government to reduce Greek representation in the Council, whilst Greek language newspapers called for voters not to vote for him. Young's British superiors were also unhappy with his decision to run, with High Commissioner Henry Ernest Gascoyne Bulwer writing to Secretary of State for the Colonies Lord Knutsford, stating that he had strong reservations about Young being a candidate as he suspected Young would neglect his official duties and would not be sufficiently independent of government when serving in the Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029085-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 Cypriot legislative election, Results, Non-Muslim seats\nTurnout was significantly higher than in the 1886 elections, which was attributed to Young's candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029085-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, Young submitted an appeal to the Supreme Court, calling for the election of Liasides and Siakallis to be overturned. The case was heard between 29 December 1891 and 6 January 1892 and attracted significant interest from the press. Young claimed that Kyrillos Papadopoulos (the Metropolitan of Kyrenia) and the Archimandrite Philotheus had persuaded their followers not to vote for him through religious threats, and had provided voters with transport on polling day. The judge found both Papadopoulos and the Archimandrite guilty of corruption and intimidation, and fined them. The election of Liasides and Siakallis was annulled, and a by-election for the two vacant seats scheduled for 11 February 1892. However, Liasides and Siakallis were easily re-elected, and the fines for the priests were paid by fundraising efforts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 895]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029085-0009-0000", "contents": "1891 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nThere were no further changes in the non-Muslim membership until the resignation of Limassol\u2013Paphos representatives Aristotle Paleologos for health reasons in January 1896. In the subsequent by-election on 8 February, Ioannis Economidis was returned unopposed. Around the same time, one of the other Limassol\u2013Paphos MLCs, Ioannis Kyriakides resigned, resulting in a by-election on 3 February in which Georgios Pavlidis was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029086-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Dartmouth football team\nThe 1891 Dartmouth football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1891 college football season. The team lost to Harvard on opening day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029087-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Doane Tigers football team\nThe 1891 Doane Tigers football team represented Doane College in the 1891 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029088-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Dutch general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Netherlands on 9 June 1891. The Liberal Union emerged as the largest party, winning 53 of the 100 seats in the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029089-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 East Dorset by-election\nThe 1891 East Dorset by-election was held on 27 November 1891 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP George Hawkesworth Bond. The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate Humphrey Napier Sturt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029090-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Egmont by-election\nThe 1891 Egmont by-election was a by-election held on 17 February 1891 during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the Taranaki electorate of Egmont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029090-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Egmont by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Harry Atkinson when he was appointed to the Legislative Council, along with six other Conservatives; to block any radical measures introduced by the new Liberal Government of John Ballance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029090-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Egmont by-election\nMcGuire was opposed by Robert Bruce who had previously represented Rangitikei.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029091-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 English cricket season\n1891 was the second season of County Championship cricket in England. There were no international tours. The County Championship was won by Surrey in even more dominant fashion than previously as they won twelve of their 16 games. Debutants Somerset finished fifth out of the nine teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029092-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1891 European Figure Skating Championships were held on January 23rd and 24th. Elite figure skaters competed for the title of European Champion in the category of men's singles. The competitors performed only compulsory figures. These were the first European Figure Skating Championships ever.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029092-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe skating association of Germany and Austria joined in one club \"Deutscher und \u00d6sterrreichischer Eislaufverband\" organised these first European Championships in figure skating in Hamburg, German Empire in 1891 even before the International Skating Union (ISU) was found.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029093-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 FA Cup Final\nThe 1891 FA Cup Final was contested by Blackburn Rovers and Notts County at the Kennington Oval. Blackburn won 3\u20131, their second consecutive FA Cup Final victory, with goals by Geordie Dewar, Jack Southworth and William Townley. James Oswald scored Notts County's goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029094-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Furman Purple Hurricane football team\nThe 1891 Furman Purple Hurricane football team represented the Furman Purple Hurricane of Furman University during the 1891 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029095-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Geneva Covenanters football team\nThe 1891 Geneva Covenanters football team was an American football team that represented Geneva College as an independent during the 1891 college football season. Led by second-year head coach William McCracken, Geneva compiled a record of 4\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029096-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Georgetown football team\nThe 1891 Georgetown football team represented the Georgetown University during the 1891 college football season. Georgetown finished the season with a 2\u20132 record. For the first time in their history, Georgetown had a coach, Tommy Dowd, who also played baseball for the Washington Senators. They played home games at Boundary Park, also the home venue for the Senators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029097-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Grand National\nThe 1891 Grand National was the 53rd renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 20 March 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029098-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Greensburg Athletic Association season\nThe 1891 Greensburg Athletic Association season was their second season in existence. The team's record for this season is largely unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029099-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1891 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1891 college football season. The Crimson finished with a 13\u20131 record. The team won its first 13 games by a combined score of 588\u201316, but lost its final game against Yale by a 10\u20130 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship\nThe 1891 Home Nations Championship was the ninth series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Six matches were played between 3 January and 7 March. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship\nThe 1891 Championship was won by Scotland, the fourth time the country had topped the table, but the first time Scotland had taken the Triple Crown title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship\nRule changes this year, included the introduction of penalty goals, as although penalty kicks were introduced in 1882 no goal attempts could be made from one until this season. The two umpires were renamed as touch-judges and their powers were reduced to mark the spot where the ball left the field of play; a status that remained until additional powers were reinstated in 1982. Players could now pick up a dead ball, and the dead ball line was set at a maximum of 25 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on points scored. A try was worth one point, while converting a kicked goal from the try gave an additional two points. A dropped goal was worth three points. Penalty goals were now worth three points, as although introduced in 1882, no attempt could be made from a penalty kick at goal until this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England\nWales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Tom Pearson (Cardiff), Charlie Arthur (Cardiff), David Gwynn (Swansea), Percy Lloyd (Llanelli), Charlie Thomas (Newport), Hugh Ingledew (Cardiff), Percy Bennett (Cardiff Harlequins), David William Evans (Cardiff), Harry Packer (Newport), William Bowen (Swansea) capt., Walter Rice Evans (Swansea), Jim Hannan (Newport), Rowley Thomas (London Welsh), Edward Pegge (Neath)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England\nEngland: William Grant Mitchell (Richmond), Frederic Alderson (Hartlepool Rovers) capt., RE Lockwood (Heckmondwike), Percy Christopherson (Blackheath), William Leake (Harlequins), J Berry (Tyldesley), Eustace North (Oxford Uni. ), Tom Kent (Salford), Sammy Woods (Cambridge U. ), JT Toothill (Bradford), D Jowett (Heckmondwike), Richard Budworth (Blackheath), RP Wilson (Liverpool OB), William Bromet (Tadcaster), J Richards (Bradford)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. England\nIreland Dolway Walkington (NIFC) capt., RW Dunlop (Dublin U. ), S Lee (NIFC), R Montgomery (NIFC), Benjamin Tuke (Bective Rangers), AC McDonnell (Dublin U. ), JN Lytle (NIFC), EG Forrest (Wanderers), J Waites (Bective Rangers), JH O'Conner (Bective Rangers), CV Rooke (Dublin U. ), J Roche (Wanderers), WJN Davis (Bessbrook), Victor Le Fanu (Landsdowne), LC Nash (Queen's Co. Cork)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. England\nEngland: William Grant Mitchell (Richmond), Frederic Alderson (Hartlepool Rovers) capt., RE Lockwood (Heckmondwike), Piercy Morrison (Cambridge U. ), William Leake (Harlequins), J Berry (Tyldesley), Eustace North (Oxford Uni. ), Tom Kent (Salford), Sammy Woods (Cambridge U. ), JT Toothill (Bradford), D Jowett (Heckmondwike), Launcelot Percival (Oxford Uni. ), RP Wilson (Liverpool OB), William Bromet (Tadcaster), J Richards (Bradford)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales\nScotland: Henry Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), Gregor MacGregor (Cambridge Uni), Paul Clauss (Oxford Uni. ), W Neilson (Merchiston), CE Orr (West of Scotland), Darsie Anderson (London Scottish), Frederick Goodhue (London Scottish), A Dalglish (Gala), HTO Leggatt (Watsonians), GT Neilson (West of Scotland), MC McEwan (Edinburgh Acads) capt., I MacIntyre (Edinburgh Wanderers), Robert MacMillan (West of Scotland), JD Boswell (West of Scotland), JE Orr (West of Scotland)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0009-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales\nWales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), William McCutcheon (Swansea), Dickie Garrett (Penarth), David Gwynn (Swansea), George Thomas (Newport), Ralph Sweet-Escott (Cardiff), Hugh Ingledew (Cardiff), Percy Bennett (Cardiff Harlequins), Sydney Nicholls (Cardiff), Tom Graham (Newport), William Bowen (Swansea), Walter Rice Evans (Swansea), David Daniel (Llanelli), Rowley Thomas (London Welsh), Willie Thomas (Llanelli) capt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0010-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nIreland Dolway Walkington (NIFC) capt., RW Dunlop (Dublin U. ), S Lee (NIFC), HG Wells (Bective Rangers), Benjamin Tuke (Bective Rangers), ED Cameron (Bective Rangers), JN Lytle (NIFC), RD Stokes (Queens College), J Moffatt (Belfast Albion), JH O'Conner (Bective Rangers), JH O'Conor (Bective Rangers), J Roche (Wanderers), WJN Davis (Bessbrook), EF Frazer (Bective Rangers), LC Nash (Queen's Co. Cork)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0011-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nScotland: Henry Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), Gregor MacGregor  (Cambridge Uni), Paul Clauss (Oxford Uni. ), GR Wilson (Royal HSFP), CE Orr (West of Scotland), William Wotherspoon (Cambridge Uni), Frederick Goodhue (London Scottish), A Dalglish (Gala), HTO Leggatt (Watsonians), GT Neilson (West of Scotland), MC McEwan (Edinburgh Acads) capt., I MacIntyre (Edinburgh Wands), WR Gibson (Royal HSFP), JD Boswell West of Scotland, JE Orr (West of Scotland)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0012-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nEngland: William Grant Mitchell (Richmond), Frederic Alderson (Hartlepool Rovers) capt., RE Lockwood (Heckmondwike), Percy Christopherson (Blackheath), William Leake (Harlequins), J Berry (Tyldesley), Eustace North (Oxford Uni. ), Tom Kent (Salford), Sammy Woods (Cambridge U. ), Edgar Bonham-Carter (Oxford Uni. ), D Jowett (Heckmondwike), Richard Budworth (Blackheath), RP Wilson (Liverpool OB), John Rogers (Moseley), J Richards (Bradford)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0013-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nScotland: Henry Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), Gregor MacGregor  (Cambridge Uni), Paul Robert Clauss (Oxford Uni. ), Willie Neilson (Merchiston), CE Orr (West of Scotland), Darsie Anderson (London Scottish, Frederick Goodhue (London Scottish), Robert MacMillan (London Scottish), HTO Leggatt (Watsonians), GT Neilson (West of Scotland), MC McEwan (Edinburgh Acads) capt., I MacIntyre (Edinburgh Wands), WR Gibson (Royal HSFP), JD Boswell (West of Scotland), JE Orr (West of Scotland)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0014-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Ireland\nWales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Tom Pearson (Cardiff), Dickie Garrett (Penarth), Charlie Thomas (Newport), Percy Lloyd (Llanelli), Evan James (Swansea), David James (Swansea), John Samuel (Swansea), Charles Nicholl (Llanelli), Tom Graham (Newport), Stephen Thomas (Llanelli), Tom Deacon (Swansea), David Samuel (Swansea), Rowley Thomas (London Welsh), Willie Thomas (Llanelli) capt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029100-0015-0000", "contents": "1891 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Ireland\nIreland Dolway Walkington (NIFC), RW Dunlop (Dublin U. ), S Lee (NIFC), HG Wells (Bective Rangers), R Pedlow (Bessbrook), ED Cameron (Bective Rangers), T Fogarty (Garryowen), RD Stokes (Queens College), FO Stoker (Wanderers), JS Jameson (Lansdowne), R Stevenson (Dungannon) capt., J Roche (Wanderers), WJN Davis (Bessbrook), CV Rooke (Dublin U. ), L.C. Nash (Queen's Co. Cork)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029101-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Honduran presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Honduras between 4 and 6 September 1891. The result was a victory for Ponciano Leiva of the Progressive Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029101-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Honduran presidential election, Background\nThe Liberal Party was established by Policarpo Bonilla in January 1891 in order to oppose president Luis Bogr\u00e1n. At its founding congress, Bonilla was selected as the party's presidential candidate. Bogr\u00e1n subsequently founded the National Party later in January, which consisted of moderate liberals and supporters of former president Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Medina. However, he did not run for re-election. In February the Progressive Party was established, with Ponciano Leiva as its presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029101-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Honduran presidential election, Background\nDuring the campaign, Bonilla called for the granting of women's suffrage. However, his campaign was disrupted by the government invoking emergency powers on the pretext of an uprising.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029101-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Honduran presidential election, Aftermath\nLeiva took office in November after being confirmed by Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029102-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Hong Kong sanitary board election\nThe 1891 Sanitary Board Election held on 17 June 1891 was the second election for the 2 unofficial seats in the Sanitary Board of Hong Kong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029102-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Hong Kong sanitary board election\nOnly ratepayers on the jury lists of the year were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029102-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Hong Kong sanitary board election\nThere were 256 out of the 445 persons of the electorate voted. Each elector could cast up to two votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029103-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Illawarra colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of Illawarra in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 3 October 1891 because the Elections and Qualifications Committee declared that the election of John Nicholson and Andrew Lysaght Sr. at the election for Illawarra in June was void because of there were insufficient printed ballot papers and handwritten papers were used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029104-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1891 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1891 college football season. It was the second football team in the program's history. Coached by Robert Lackey, the team compiled a 5\u20131 record. Fullback Ralph W. Hart was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029105-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1891 Indiana Hoosiers football team was an American football team that represented Indiana University Bloomington during the 1891 college football season. In Indiana's fourth season of intercollegiate football, Billy Herod served as the school's football coach. Indiana played six games and compiled a 1\u20135 record. The team's 30\u20130 victory over the Louisville Athletic Club was the first in the history of the Indiana University football program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029106-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Iowa College Pioneers football team\nThe 1891 Iowa College Pioneers football team was an American football team that represented Iowa College (later renamed Grinnell College) during the 1891 college football season. In its first season under head coach Theron Lyman, the team compiled a 1\u20131\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029107-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1891 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa during the 1891 college football season. It ended in controversy. Following victories over Cornell and Nebraska, and losses to Minnesota and Iowa College, the Hawkeyes were 2-2 heading into their final game against Kansas in Kansas City, Missouri. Following an argument where Kansas argued that Iowa had not put the ball into play fairly, the Jayhawks left the field claiming a 14\u201312 victory. However, the game was not called until after the next play, when Iowa scored an uncontested touchdown. Today, Iowa lists the game as an 18\u201314 Hawkeye victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029107-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nEarlier in the year, two firsts were established in Hawkeye football history. On November 2, the Hawkeyes played rival Minnesota for the first of many times in school history. Later, on November 26, the Hawkeyes played their first game outside the state of Iowa in a win against Nebraska. The game was played in Omaha, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029107-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Schedule\n\u2021 The outcome of this game is disputed (see above).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029108-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Iowa Senate election\nIn the 1891 Iowa State Senate elections Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the twenty-fourth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 32 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029108-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Iowa Senate election\nA statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the 1891 elections is provided by the Iowa General Assembly", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029108-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 28 seats to Democrats' 20 seats, one seat for the Union Labor Party and one Independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029108-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 5 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029108-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Iowa Senate election\nDemocrats claimed control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1891 general election with the balance of power shifting to Democrats holding 25 seats, Republicans having 24 seats, and a lone seat for the People's Party (a net gain of 5 seats for Democrats and 1 seat for the People's Party).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029109-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1891 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1891. Incumbent Democrat Horace Boies defeated Republican nominee Herman C. Wheeler with 49.40% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029110-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1891 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas as an independent during the 1891 college football season. In their first and only season under English professor and head football coach Edwin Mortimer Hopkins, the Jayhawks compiled a 7\u20130\u20131 record and outscored opponents by a combined total of 160 to 54. The season included the first football games played against both Iowa and Missouri. John Kenzie was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029111-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1891 Kentucky Derby was the 17th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 13, 1891. The winning time of 2:52.25 was the slowest winning time in Derby history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029111-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Kentucky Derby\nWith each rider under orders to stay off the lead until the stretch, all four horses ran abreast the whole way waiting for someone to make a move. This resulted in the field to canter their way around the track going a mile in 2:01, a mile and a quarter in 2:26 \u00be and finish the mile and half race in 2:52.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029112-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Kentucky State College Blue and Yellow football team\nThe 1891 Kentucky State College Blue and Yellow football team represented Kentucky State College during the 1891 college football season. The team lost a single match to Centre, the first instance of this rivalry. The 1891 team's colors were blue and light yellow, decided before the Centre\u2013Kentucky game on December 19. A student asked \"What color blue?\" and varsity letterman Richard C. Stoll pulled off his necktie, and held it up. This is still held as the origin of Kentucky's shade of blue. The next year light yellow was dropped and changed to white.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029113-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Kentucky gubernatorial election\nThe 1891 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on August 3, 1891. Democratic nominee John Y. Brown defeated Republican nominee Andrew T. Wood with 49.85% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029114-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Lafayette football team\nThe 1891 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1891 college football season. In its first year under head coach Wallace Moyle, the team compiled a 2\u20139\u20131 record and was outscored by a total of 161 to 86. Moncure March was the team captain. The team played its home games on The Quad in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029115-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Lehigh football team\nThe 1891 Lehigh football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1891 college football season. The team compiled a 7\u20136 record and was outscored by a total of 198 to 174.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029116-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Lewisham by-election\nThe Lewisham by-election, 1891 was a by-election held on 26 August 1891 for the British House of Commons constituency of Lewisham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029116-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Lewisham by-election\nThe by-election was triggered by the elevation to the peerage of the serving Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP), Viscount Lewisham on the death of his father.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029116-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Lewisham by-election, Candidates\nThe Unionist candidate was John Penn. The Liberal Party candidate was George Septimus Warmington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029116-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Lewisham by-election, Candidates\nPenn, who was treasurer of the  and president of the Lee, Lewisham and Blackheath Horticultural Society, was head of his family's marine engineering firm in nearby Greenwich and as such was a major local employer. In his election address, he stated that he was a loyal supporter of Lord Salisbury's government and praised their policies in Ireland, which he said had brought a reduction in rural crime and poverty, and declared himself in favour of restrictions on immigration and for improvements to the Thames. He was supported by the Liberal Unionist party. Warmington, a solicitor, was a resident of the area for over 20 years, a vestryman and Poor Law guardian and deacon of the Burnt Ash Congregational Church.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029116-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Lewisham by-election, Issues in the campaign\nThe major questions that arose in the course of the campaign were Irish Home Rule, free education, and labour questions. Mr V Clayton of the Liberal Unionists, spoke widely in the constituency against what he saw as the 'specious literature' from the Home Rule side. His talks were accompanied by magic lantern slides showing 'the houghing of cattle and the pouring of pitch upon the heads of unhappy constables'. Penn had to contend with allegations from the Liberals that he paid his workers inadequate wages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029116-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Lewisham by-election, Issues in the campaign\nOne issue that arose in the course of the campaign was that of temperance, and proposals to close public houses on Sundays. Penn told a deputation of temperance supporters that he could not support them. The deputation issued an appeal to temperance voters to vote for Warmington; his nomination was later officially seconded by the Temperance party. Penn later told a deputation from the Blackheath Licensed Victuallers and Beerseller's Protection Society that he was in favour of compensation being given to any publican who was forced to close on Sundays. The Society, believed to influence about a thousand votes, pledged him their support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029116-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Lewisham by-election, Issues in the campaign\nTwo unknown factors in the by-election were the number of new voters on the register - around 2,400 since the last general election - and the number of voters who were expected to be away on holiday at the time, estimated at around 500 to 1,000, a circumstance which was thought likely to favour the Liberals. Special trains were laid on to ferry working class voters to the constituency on the day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029116-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 Lewisham by-election, Polling\nOn polling day, one feature which attracted attention was the arrival of a number of fire engines from Merryweather & Sons, sent to ferry Conservative voters to the polls. The Conservatives also had a St Bernard dog carrying a motto, \"Vote for Penn, and don't you forget it.\" The Liberals paraded \"Mr Balfour's maiden\", a battering-ram of the type used in evictions in Ireland under the authority of the Chief Secretary of Ireland, Arthur Balfour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029116-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 Lewisham by-election, Polling\nThe result, announced just after midnight, was a win for the Conservative candidate, with a slightly reduced majority from the preceding general election five years earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029117-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Liberian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liberia in 1891. In the presidential election, the result was a victory for Joseph James Cheeseman of the True Whig Party, who defeated former Secretary of War and Navy Anthony D. Williams, Jr., who ran on the New Republican Party ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029118-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1891 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the fifth staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029118-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nTreaty Stones won the championship after a 2-01 to 0-01 defeat of South Liberties in the final. It was their first championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029119-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Monday 2 November 1891. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029119-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 2, Scotland, 16 January 1892\nCaused by the resignation of Councillor George Jeremy Lynsky (Irish Nationalist, Scotland, elected 1 November 1889) was reported to the council on 6 January 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 84], "content_span": [85, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029119-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 2, Scotland, 16 January 1892\nCouncillor Lynsky resigned his seat to become a candidate for the city coronership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 84], "content_span": [85, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029119-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 10, Rodney Street,\nCaused by the resignation of Councillor Ernest Augustine Gibson (Liberal, Rodney Street, elected 1 November 1889), which was reported to the council on  3 February 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 74], "content_span": [75, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029119-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 1, Everton ward, 16 February 1892\nCaused by the death of Councillor Edward Whitley MP (Conservative, Everton ward, elected 1 November 1889).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 89], "content_span": [90, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029119-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By-election, 2 March 1892\nThe death of Alderman William John Lunt on 14 February 1892 was reported to the council on 2 March 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 88], "content_span": [89, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029119-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By-election, 2 March 1892\nTo fill this position Edward Lawrence was elected by the council as an Alderman on 2 March 1892", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 88], "content_span": [89, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029120-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Liverpool School Board election\nElections to the Liverpool School Board were held on Tuesday 17 November 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029120-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Liverpool School Board election\nThere were twenty-nine candidates for the fifteen Board member positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029120-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Liverpool School Board election\nAfter the election, the composition of the school board was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029121-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Louisville Colonels season\nThe 1891 Louisville Colonels baseball team finished with a 54\u201383 record, collapsing back into mediocrity after their pennant winning season of 1890. They finished the season in eighth place in the American Association. After the season, the Association folded and four teams, including Louisville, were admitted into the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029121-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029121-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029121-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029121-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029122-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Manhattan Athletic Club football team\nThe 1891 Manhattan Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Manhattan Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1891 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029123-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Martinique hurricane\nThe 1891 Martinique hurricane, also known as Hurricane San Mag\u00edn, was an intense major hurricane that struck the island of Martinique and caused massive damage. It was the third hurricane of the 1891 Atlantic hurricane season and the only major hurricane of the season. It was first sighted east of the Lesser Antilles on August 18 as a Category\u00a02 hurricane. The storm made landfall on the island of Martinique, where it caused severe damage, over 700 deaths and at least 1,000 injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029123-0000-0001", "contents": "1891 Martinique hurricane\nIt crossed eastern Dominican Republic while tracking on a northwestward direction on August 19\u201320, passed the Mona Passage on August 20 and the Bahamas on August 22\u201323. It crossed the U.S. State of Florida and dissipated in the Gulf of Mexico after August 25. Total damage is estimated at $10\u00a0million (1891\u00a0USD). The storm is considered to be the worst on Martinique since 1817.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029123-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Martinique hurricane, Meteorological history\nThe equivalent of a Category\u00a02 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale with winds of 105\u00a0mph (169\u00a0km/h) was first observed at 1200 UTC on August 18, 1891, about 100\u00a0mi (160\u00a0km) east of Barbados. Tracking northwestward at 20\u00a0mph (32\u00a0km/h), at 1800 UTC the storm attained winds that correspond to Category 3 status, what is now considered major hurricane. That night, the hurricane passed over Martinique, lashing the island for four continuous hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029123-0001-0001", "contents": "1891 Martinique hurricane, Meteorological history\nIt is reported that numerous people suffered deafness on the island during the passage of the storm, believed to be a result of drastic decreases in barometric pressure. After reaching a peak intensity with winds of 125 miles per hour (201\u00a0km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 961 mb, the storm began to weaken, and was downgraded to the equivalence of Category\u00a02 status early on August 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029123-0001-0002", "contents": "1891 Martinique hurricane, Meteorological history\nAt 1800 UTC, it tracked just to the south of Puerto Rico and, as it began to turn northward, it made landfall on the extreme eastern edge of the Dominican Republic with winds of 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h). Around midnight on August 21, the cyclone passed north of Grand Turk of the Turks and Caicos Islands. During the late afternoon and into the evening hours there, frequent rain squalls occurred, and at 10:15 pm a strong gust of wind was reported. After that gust, the winds decreased in intensity, until around 12:00 am when winds picked up from the west. By 8:00 am the next morning, the wind had become south, and rain was steadily falling on the island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029123-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Martinique hurricane, Meteorological history\nBack on a northwestward track, it continued to weaken, and tracked through the Bahamas on August 22. The center of the storm was reported to have tracked directly over Crooked Island, Bahamas. Beginning on August 23, a ridge of high pressure was situated off the southeast coast of the United States. Now a Category\u00a01 hurricane, the ridge of high pressure prevented the storm executing a recurve to the north or northeast. Instead, it tracked over the Florida Peninsula as a tropical storm, making landfall near Homestead on August 24. Subsequently, it moved into the Gulf of Mexico, where it officially dissipated on August 25. However, there were reports of a cyclonic disturbance in the east Gulf of Mexico until August 29.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 776]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029123-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Martinique hurricane, Impact\nOn Martinique, the storm struck the east side of the island at about 6:00 pm. Throughout the storm, frequent lightning occurred. Houses, crops and trees across the entire island were obliterated. Especially, the loss of coffee, sugar and cotton crops had a large effect on Martinique's economy. At Ducos, it is noted that only four homes remained following the storm, and at St. Pierre, at least 34\u00a0people lost their lives. At Fort de France, the main part of the hospital collapsed, crushing to death two artillery men. Also, a military camp in Balata was destroyed, where houses comprising the campus suffered from severe roof damage. A number of soldiers there sustained injuries from airborne wood blanks and beams. All vessels at harbors were lost during the hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029123-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Martinique hurricane, Impact\nInitially, the total number of fatalities was placed at sixty. Later, 118 were reported dead in coastal locations alone. Even after the storm, finding an exact number of casualties was difficult because all roads in and out of interior sections of the island were impassable, blocked by downed trees and large amounts of washed out soil and rock. For a final death toll, the August 1891\u00a0Monthly Weather Review states that 700 perished in the storm. However, some newspapers report that the passage of the cyclone resulted in at least 1,000 deaths in Martinique. Additionally, another 1,000\u00a0people sustained injuries of one form or another as a direct result of the cyclone. Total damage is estimated at $10\u00a0million (1891\u00a0USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029123-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Martinique hurricane, Impact\nElsewhere, when the hurricane passed north of Grand Turk, three people drowned on the island, and there was some damage to small houses and shipping vessels. In the U.S. State of Florida, it hit near Homestead as a minimal hurricane, blowing boats onshore near present-day Cutler, though due to lack of observations near the landfall location its impact in the state is largely unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029124-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Maryland gubernatorial election\nThe 1891 Maryland gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029124-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Maryland gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor Elihu Emory Jackson did not seek re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029124-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Maryland gubernatorial election\nDemocratic candidate Frank Brown defeated Republican candidate William J. Vannort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029125-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1891 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1891 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 2\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029126-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1891 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1891. Incumbent Democratic Governor William Russell was re-elected to a second term in office over Republican U.S. Representative Charles H. Allen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029126-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nRussell was the first Democratic Governor of Massachusetts re-elected to a second term in office since George S. Boutwell in 1851 and the first ever re-elected by popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029127-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 112th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1891 during the governorship of William E. Russell. Henry H. Sprague served as president of the Senate and William Emerson Barrett served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029128-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Mauritian general election, Electoral system\nThe 1885 constitution provided for a 28-member Legislative Council, which consisted of the Governor, 12 officials, 5 appointed members and 10 elected members. The ten elected members were returned from nine constituencies formed from the nine districts, which all districts returning one member except Port Louis, which returned two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029128-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Mauritian general election, Electoral system\nThe franchise for the elections was severely limited; the right to vote was restricted to people with Rs300 of immovable property or movable property worth Rs3,000, a monthly salary of Rs50, those paying rent of Rs25 a month or paying a licence duty of at Rs200 a year. People married to eligible voters, or the oldest son of a qualifying widow were also entitled to vote. As a result, although the population of Mauritius was around 370,000, only 5,164 people were eligible to vote, of which just 401 were Asian.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029129-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Mercer Baptists football team\nThe 1891 Mercer Baptists football team represented Mercer University in their inaugural season, the 1891 college football season. They finished with a record of 0\u20132 and were outscored by their opponents 2\u201370.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029130-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1891 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University during the 1891 college football season. There was no paid head coach for the season. In their second game, they lost 0 to 104 against Ohio Wesleyan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029131-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team\nThe 1891 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team represented Michigan State Normal School (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) during the 1891 college football season. In the first season of intercollegiate football at Michigan Normal, the Normalites played only two games, losing to Ann Arbor High School (4\u201334) and the University of Michigan literary team (0\u201330). James M. Swift was the team's coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029131-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team\nThe school's 1893 yearbook credits coach Swift with introducing \"scientific football\" to the school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029131-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team\nThe Detroit Free Press reported on the first Michigan Normal football game as follows: \"Today witnessed the inaugural game of foot ball in this city [Ypsilanti] between the Ann Arbor High School and the Normals. The Normals began practicing less than a fortnight ago with some good material, including Paton, formerly manager of athletic sports at Oberlin College, and Swift, of Massachusetts, a noted player. Dergan, the norma sprinter, has turned out to be an excellent quarter-back, and the entire team with little practice will surely develop into a winning eleven.\" Dorgan scored a touchdown in the first half (counting for four points at that time) for the first points scored in the program's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029131-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team\nThe players who participated in Michigan Normal's first season of college football included George H Adams, Walter M. Adrion, Frank E. Angevine, Frank E. Arthur, and James M. Swift.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1891 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented the University of Michigan in the 1891 college football season. The team compiled a 4\u20135 record and outscored opponents by a total of 168 to 124.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team\nJames Van Inwagen was the team captain. Frank Crawford was the team's coach, assisted by Mike Murphy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Michigan's first football coach\nThe 1891 season was the first in which the Michigan football team had a coach. In his history of the University of Michigan, Wilfred Byron Shaw cites the hiring of Frank Crawford as a watershed moment in the history of the school's football program: \"A new era in the history of football at Michigan began in 1891, when with a fair schedule and an experienced coach, Frank Crawford . . ., the systematic development of a team began ...\"  Crawford was an 1891 graduate of Yale University who was enrolled at the University of Michigan School of Law. As a first-year law student, Crawford was both the unpaid coach and a substitute player for the 1891 team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 87], "content_span": [88, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Michigan's first football coach\nCrawford was already enrolled at the law school and a member of the football team when he was selected as Michigan's first head coach. The appointment was made at a meeting of the university's athletic directors on October 16, 1891. The directors also confirmed the appointment of Mike Murphy, the trainer at the Detroit Athletic Club, to assist Crawford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 87], "content_span": [88, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Michigan's first football coach\nThere is some inconsistency in how coaching responsibilities for the 1891 team have been recorded. While Crawford has been identified by several sources as Michigan's first football coach, others indicate that Crawford and Murphy were the joint head coaches in 1891. Still others indicate that Murphy was the one directing the team, or that Murphy relinquished the coaching duties to Crawford midway through the season to focus on his duties as trainer. Murphy was the leading athletic trainer in the United States. He gained his reputation as a trainer at Yale and was hired in 1889 by the Detroit Athletic Club where he trained John Owen and Harry M. Jewett, who became the fastest sprinters in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 87], "content_span": [88, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Michigan's first football coach\nThe Chicago Daily Tribune reported in November 1891 that the Michigan team was \"coached systematically\" by Murphy, Crawford, Horace Greely Prettyman and James Duffy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 87], "content_span": [88, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season expectations\nThe 1891 season began with complaints that the student body had become apathetic toward football. On October 3, 1891, The Chronicle-Argonaut reported that the university's Athletic Association was having difficulty securing memberships. Students asked to subscribe had responded, \"I guess I'll wait till I see what the foot-ball prospects are.\" The newspaper urged, \"No policy is more fatal to athletic interest than this. ... You must subscribe now and encourage the management if you desire to see good games and see our Eleven go to the front. How can our manager arrange for games if there are no funds backing him? How can he hire a trainer?\" Elsewhere in the same issue, interested students were encouraged to submit their names to the team's captain, James Van Inwagen, to fill open place on the line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 79], "content_span": [80, 888]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season expectations\nOn October 24, 1891, The Yellow and Blue, a weekly publication of the university's fraternities, wrote:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 79], "content_span": [80, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season expectations\n\"Although it is not our desire to find fault with the football management, we would like to ask one or two pertinent questions in regard to the present situation. Why has no training table been provided? Is an earnest effort being made to secure a coach who is thoroughly acquainted with eastern tactics? No eastern captain would consider his team in condition without several weeks of physical training, including the training table. We have never taken the trouble here to give the system of physical training a fair trial, neither have we won a great game of football. ... The expense of a training table would not be very great, and money could not e expended to better advantage.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 79], "content_span": [80, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0009-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season expectations\nThe article noted that, with 2,600 students, there should be an ability to raise funds for football, but that there \"seems to be a general apathy in regard to foot ball.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 79], "content_span": [80, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0010-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ann Arbor High School\nOn October 10, 1891, Michigan opened its season with a 62\u20130 victory over Ann Arbor High Schoolat the Ann Arbor Fairgrounds. Michigan scored 12 touchdowns: six by Edward De Pont, four by James Van Inwagen, and one each by William Pearson and Roger Sherman. Van Inwagen kicked seven goals from touchdown. Despite the score, The U. of M. Daily wrote: \"The work of the University team was very poor. There was absolutely no team work, as was to be expected since the men had never lined up together before.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0011-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ann Arbor High School\nMichigan's starting lineup in the game was George Dygert (left end), William Pearson (left tackle), Virgil Tupper (left guard), Berry (center), Charles Thomas (right guard), Wright (right tackle), Roger Sherman (right end), George S. Holden (quarterback), James Van Inwagen (halfback), Frank Loomis (halfback), Edward P. De Pont (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0012-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nOn October 17, 1891, Michigan lost for the first time to Albion by a 10\u20134 score. The game was played at the Ann Arbor Fairgrounds in 30-minute halves. Michigan had played Albion seven times from 1886 to 1890 and had won all seven of the previous matches by a combined score of 287-22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0013-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nAlbion scored first, using a formation that Michigan argued was illegal. The Albion linemen, excepting the ends, locked arms and formed a wedge of protection for the quarterback who ran behind the wedge. The ends, halfbacks, and fullback locked in behind the quarterback, protecting the ball carrier from all sides. Because Albion's line was heavier, Michigan's line had difficulty in stopping Albion's advance. Michigan argued that the use of interlocking of arms violated new rules prohibiting the use of arms to interfere with or obstruct an opponent who was not carrying the ball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0013-0001", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nMichigan also argued that the quarterback run was illegal as a violation of a rule prohibiting the first man to receive the ball when snapped from advancing the ball. Burnham (quarterback and captain) and Anderson (left halfback) scored touchdowns for Albion in the first half, and Burnham kicked a goal from touchdown. Hayes scored a touchdown for Michigan in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0014-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nThe Albion team arrived at its local train station at midnight following the game. They were met at the depot by a large crowd, including almost every male student at the college, armed with kazoos, razoos, bells, drums, and fish-horns. The team was taken by carriage to a bonfire on College Hill, where Burnham provided a first-hand account of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0015-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Albion\nMichigan's starting lineup against Albion was Ralph Hayes (right end), George Dygert (right tackle), Charles Thomas (right guard), Berry (center), Virgil Tupper (left guard), William Pearson (left tackle), Williams (left end), Roger Sherman (quarterback), James Van Inwagen (right halfback and captain), Lawrence Grosh (left halfback), and Edward P. De Pont (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0016-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Olivet\nOn Monday, October 19, 1891, Michigan defeated Olivet by an 18\u20136 score at Olivet, Michigan. The train carrying the Michigan team left Ann Arbor at 7:40\u00a0a.m. and arrived in Olivet at 1:00\u00a0p.m. The game began at 2:30\u00a0p.m. and was played in 30-minute halves. In the first half, Olivet scored a touchdown, but Powers blocked the kick for goal. Olivet also scored on a safety that resulted from a blocked punt after which the punter, James Duffy, fell on the ball. The score was tied at 6-6 at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0016-0001", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Olivet\nMichigan scored three touchdowns against Olivet, two by Lawrence Grosh and one by James Van Inwagen. Duffy kicked all three goals from touchdown. The U. of M. Daily complained that Olivet played \"a very unprofessional game\" with \"considerable slugging\" and \"dirty work\" by Gilbert who was finally disqualified from the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0017-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Olivet\nMichigan's starting lineup against Olivet was Frank Crawford (right end), Ralph Hayes (right tackle), Charles Thomas (right guard), Edward Wickes (center), Virgil Tupper (left guard), Hiram Powers (left tackle), George Dygert (left end), Roger Sherman (quarterback), James Van Inwagen (right halfback), Lawrence Grosh (left halfback), and James Duffy (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0018-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Oberlin\nOn October 24, 1891, Michigan defeated Oberlin, 26\u20136, at the Ann Arbor Fairgrounds. The game began at 3:32\u00a0p.m. and was played in 30-minute halves. Oberlin scored first and kicked goal for a 6-0 lead. James Van Inwagen scored around end, but the goal was missed, and Michigan trailed, 6-4. Michigan's second touchdown was scored by quarterback Roger Sherman. After another Michigan back fumbled, an Oberlin player \"stooped to pick it up, when Sherman darted beneath him, secured the ball and pushed it over the line.\" Michigan again missed the kick for goal, but took an 8-6 lead into halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0019-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Oberlin\nIn the second half, Michigan scored 18 points on three touchdowns by left tackle William Pearson and three kicks for goal by George Dygert. The U. of M. Daily praised Oberlin for a clean and gentlemanly game, but criticized two Michigan players (Hiram Powers and Ralph Hayes) for \"unnecessary talking in the rush line,\" opining that such \"incessant 'jawing'\" was a fault that lessened their effectiveness as players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0020-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Oberlin\nMichigan's starting lineup against Oberlin was Hiram Powers (right end), Ralph Hayes (right tackle), Charles Thomas (right guard), Edward Wickes (center), Virgil Tupper (left guard), William Pearson (left tackle), Ralph Stewart McPherran (left end), Roger Sherman (quarterback), George Dygert (right halfback), Williams (left halfback), and James Van Inwagen (fullback and captain).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0021-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Butler\nOn October 31, 1891, Michigan defeated Butler, 42\u20136, at the Ann Arbor Fairgrounds. The game began at 3:22\u00a0p.m. and was played in 45-minute halves. Michigan's head coach and left halfback Frank Crawford scored the first touchdown on a 25-yard run around the right end, dodging several Butler players. George Dygert kicked the goal, and Michigan led, 6-0. Left tackle William Pearson scored Michigan's second touchdown, carrying \"several Butler men over the line on his shoulders.\" Dygert missed the goal, and Michigan led, 10-0. Pearson scored the third touchdown, and Dygert again missed the goal. James Van Inwagen scored the fourth touchdown on a left end run with blocking from Crawford. Dygert kicked the goal, and Michigan led, 20-0, at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 814]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0022-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Butler\nIn the second half, Pearson and Van Inwagen each scored two more touchdowns. Dygert kicked three goals. One of Butler's players was disqualified for slugging Michigan's quarterback, Roger Sherman. The disqualified player later came onto the field and interfered with Van Inwagen and refused to leave when directed to step back by one of the officials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0023-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Butler\nMichigan's starting lineup was Ralph Hayes (right end), Harry Mowrey (right tackle), Charles Thomas (right guard), Edward Dana Wickes (center), Berry (left guard), William Pearson (left tackle), Hiram Powers (left end), Roger Sherman (quarterback), James Van Inwagen (right halfback and captain), Frank Crawford (left halfback), and George Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0024-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Butler\nOne hour prior to the game, Michigan's trainer and assistant football coach, Mike Murphy, oversaw a series of foot races, including contests at 100 yards, 220 yards, and 440 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0025-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Chicago University Club\nOn November 14, 1891, Michigan lost to the Chicago University Club. Although University of Michigan records reflect the score as 10-0, contemporaneous press accounts report the score as 20-0 with the Chicago club scoring four touchdowns and kicking two goals from touchdown. The Detroit Free Press reported: \"After a hard fight, during which neither side scored until the second innings, the Chicago University team won the great foot ball match against the University of Michigan by 20 points to nothing. It was a gallant battle, the Michigan men contesting every inch gained by their opponents.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 79], "content_span": [80, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0026-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Chicago University Club\nMichigan's lineup against the Chicago University Club was as follows: Hayes and Griffin (right end), Tupper (right tackle), Mowrey (right guard), Jefferis (center), Wickes (left guard), Pearson and Thomas (left tackle), Powers (left end), Roger Sherman (captain and quarterback), James Van Inwagen (right halfback), Rittenger (left halfback), George Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 79], "content_span": [80, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0027-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Cornell (Detroit)\nThe 1891 season included two games against Cornell, played in Detroit on November 21, 1891, and in Chicago on November 28, 1891. In the first game, played at D.A.C. Park, Cornell won by a lopsided score of 58-12. The Detroit Free Press reported that the game was played in the rain and, while the crowd of 2,300 persons was \"made up of the best class of people including many ladies, the rain doubtless kept fully as many away who would have been on hand but for the thought that the game would be played in the mist and mud.\" Michigan's scoring came on touchdowns by Van Inwagen and Rittinger, and two successful goal kicks by Dygert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0028-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Cornell (Detroit)\nDespite the lopsided score of the first Cornell game, the Chicago Daily Tribune reported: \"The Cornell-University of Michigan football at D.A.C. Park this afternoon was undoubtedly the finest exhibition of sport ever seen in Detroit. The game was one-sided, but was by no means a walkaway for the victors.\" Michigan coach, Mike Murphy, also saw some positive signs in Michigan's performance, as the Free Press reported: \"Michigan has the greater weight on the rush line and with practice will be far stronger than at present. In fact Murphy is jubilant and thinks that next year he can hustle them all.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0029-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Cornell (Detroit)\nMichigan's lineup in the first Cornell game was as follows: Southworth (left end), Pearson and Griffin (left tackle), Tupper (left guard), Jefferis (center), Wickes (right guard), Mowrey (right tackle), Hayes (right end), Sherman (quarterback), Rittinger (left halfback), Van Inwagen (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0030-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Cleveland Athletic Club\nOn November 26, 1891, Michigan lost a mid-week road game against the Cleveland Athletic Club. The game was played at the Cleveland Athletic Club grounds in Cleveland. The Michigan team arrived in Cleveland at 8:30\u00a0a.m., and the game was played at 11:00\u00a0a.m. in front of a crowd estimated at 3,000 persons. The game was played on a slippery field described by the Detroit Free Press as follows: \"A part of the field was covered by turf, but the greater part had been recently broken and rolled, and was in miserable condition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 79], "content_span": [80, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0030-0001", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Cleveland Athletic Club\nBesides, there was about an inch or two of soft mud on top of frozen ground, making it very slippery.\" Cleveland took an 8-0 lead before Michigan's fullback, George Dygert, broke through for a touchdown in the second half. Cleveland won by a final score of 8-4. The Detroit Free Press attributed the loss to a strategic mistake by Michigan's captain: \"A fatal mistake was made when Capt. Van Inwagen consented to play thirty-minute halves, instead of forty-five, for the Cleveland team was 'beefy' and did not have good wind. One of the Buckeye players, in particular, was stretched out on the ground nearly half of the time, merely to give his men time to recover their wind.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 79], "content_span": [80, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0031-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Cleveland Athletic Club\nMichigan's starting lineup against Cleveland was as follows: Edward P. De Pont (left end), Harry Mowrey (left tackle) Virgil Tupper (left guard), Albert W. Jefferis (center), Charles Thomas (right guard), Willard W. Griffin (right tackle), Ralph Hayes (right end), Roger Sherman (quarterback), Charles F. Rittinger (right halfback), James Van Inwagen (captain and left halfback), and George Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 79], "content_span": [80, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0032-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Cornell (Chicago)\nThe final game was played on November 28, 1891, at the South Side Baseball Grounds in Chicago, with Cornell winning 10-0. The New York Times called it \"one of the prettiest foot-ball games ever played in the West\" and described the wintry conditions of the game: \"The field was covered with a six-inch blanket of snow, the air was icy, and frosted feet and hands were among the thousands of spectators ... Three minutes after the game began the ball was covered with ice, but the dazzling white ground soon began to look as though a herd of elephants had been tramping on it.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0033-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Cornell (Chicago)\nThe Detroit Free Press reported that Michigan gave Cornell \"a sharp tussle\" and that six of Cornell's points \"were scored on a fluke, the ball being fumbled on a pass back.\" Powers, left end; Mowrey, left tackle; Thomas, left guard; Jeffries, center; Tupper, right guard; Griffin, right tackle;Hayes, right end, Sherman, quarterback; Van Inwagen, left half; Riitenger, right half; Dygert, fullback.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0034-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Formation of the Western Intercollegiate Athletic Association\nIn April 1892, an athletic league, to include football, baseball, and track, was formed at Chicago between Michigan, the University of Wisconsin, the University of Minnesota, and Northwestern University. \"The plans of the league are to have a series of base ball games in the spring, an inter-collegiate field day to be held in Chicago in June and a series of foot-ball games in the fall.\" The new athletic league, named the Western Intercollegiate Athletic Association, was later renamed the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 117], "content_span": [118, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0035-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Varsity letter winners\nThe following 13 players were awarded varsity letters in football for the 1891 season, according to University of Michigan records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029132-0036-0000", "contents": "1891 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Substitutes\nThe following players are recorded as substitutes for the 1891 football team, according to University of Michigan records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029133-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Mid Armagh by-election\nThe Mid Armagh by-election, 1891 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Mid Armagh on 17 December 1891. The vacancy arose because of the death of the sitting member, Sir James Corry of the Irish Unionist Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029133-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Mid Armagh by-election\nOnly one candidate was nominated, Dunbar Barton of the Irish Unionist Party, who was therefore elected unopposed. Barton remained as member for Mid Armagh until 1900, when he was appointed as a judge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029134-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Milwaukee Brewers season\nThe Milwaukee Brewers were an American baseball team. They were brought into the American Association from the Western League in August 1891 to replace the Cincinnati Kelly's Killers, who had ceased operations on August 17. In their only season as a major league team, they finished with a record of 21\u201315, finishing with a better winning percentage than all but two teams in the AA. After the season, the American Association itself folded, as did the Brewers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029134-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Milwaukee Brewers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029134-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Milwaukee Brewers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029134-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Milwaukee Brewers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029134-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Milwaukee Brewers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029135-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1891 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1891 college football season. It was the only season under head coach Edward Moulton and it saw Minnesota's first out-of-state trip with a pair of games in Iowa. The first of these games was against Iowa College and ended in a 12\u201312 tie. The second game was Minnesota's first meeting with long-time rival Iowa and resulted in an 42\u20134 Minnesota victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029136-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Mino\u2013Owari earthquake\nThe N\u014dbi earthquake (\u6fc3\u5c3e\u5730\u9707, N\u014dbi Jishin) struck the former Japanese provinces of Mino and Owari (present-day Gifu Prefecture) in the N\u014dbi Plain in the early morning of October 28 with a surface wave magnitude of 8.0 and a moment magnitude of 7.5. The event, also referred to as the 1891 Mino\u2013Owari earthquake (\u7f8e\u6fc3\u30fb\u5c3e\u5f35\u5730\u9707, Mino-Owari Jishin), the Great Gifu earthquake (\u5c90\u961c\u5927\u5730\u9707, Gifu Daijishin), or the Great N\u014dbi earthquake (\u6fc3\u5c3e\u5927\u5730\u9707, N\u014dbi Daijishin), is the largest known inland earthquake to have occurred in the Japanese archipelago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029136-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Mino\u2013Owari earthquake\nThe earthquake came at a time when Japan was undergoing a transformation into a more industrial nation and while advancing its scientific understanding in many fields. Damage from the event was widespread and the loss of life was significant. The many kilometers of visible fault breaks on the surface of the earth presented scientists with opportunities for field investigations that ultimately led to an improved understanding of the fault scarps that earthquakes often generate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029136-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Mino\u2013Owari earthquake, Preface\nRecords of historical earthquakes and tsunami extend further back in time in Japan than any other country that lies along the Pacific Rim (the first documented event occurred in 416 AD). These historical documents supported the date verification of the 1700 Cascadia earthquake that occurred off the Pacific Northwest coast of North America. The dilemma of earthquakes in Japan was made a priority following the 1854 Ansei-Nankai event that brought great destruction to the southwest portion of the country. With the onset of the Meiji period, the feudal government system was superseded by an empire that began to focus on advancing the Japanese society up to Western standards, especially in science.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029136-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Mino\u2013Owari earthquake, Preface\nWhile the government brought in foreign experts (yatoi) during the building of the country's modern infrastructure, the high seismicity in Japan proved to be an ideal laboratory setting during the establishment of the new science of seismology. In 1876, John Milne came from England to teach at the Imperial College of Engineering in Tokyo. Following the earthquake of February 22, 1880, Milne's attention turned to seismology as a primary area of study. That earthquake also triggered the formation of the Seismological Society of Japan, which was an organization to help foreign scientists stay coordinated in their efforts. Shortly thereafter, the Japanese had their own organization (the Japan Meteorological Agency) that had taken control of an earthquake reporting system that was initially created by Milne. Ultimately, the system and the 1891 earthquake provided data by which seismologist Fusakichi Omori developed a law of decay for aftershocks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 991]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029136-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Mino\u2013Owari earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe four main Japanese islands of Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu, and Hokkaido lie in a convex arrangement pointing to the Pacific Ocean, while the oceanic trenches that form the western boundary of the Pacific Plate are convex in the opposite direction, toward Eurasia. The continental crust above the subduction zones had previously been associated with the Eurasian Plate, but northern Honshu and Hokkaido have more recently been treated as part of the North American Plate, due to a poorly defined plate boundary between Eastern Siberia and Alaska and a newly forming boundary at the eastern perimeter of the Sea of Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 44], "content_span": [45, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029136-0004-0001", "contents": "1891 Mino\u2013Owari earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThis portion of the crust has been known locally as the Okhotsk Plate. The southwestern border of the plate is called the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line. It is a region of faulting that traverses the width of central Honshu, but it has not generated any large earthquakes. Moving westward, though, the Atera, Miboro, Atotsugawa, and Nobi faults have all produced large events. Two of those events occurred beyond the terminus of the 1891 rupture: the 1945 Mikawa earthquake that hit near Nagoya on the Fukozu Fault and the 1948 Fukui earthquake that occurred near the Sea of Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 44], "content_span": [45, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029136-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Mino\u2013Owari earthquake, Earthquake\nThe October 1891 event was the largest recorded inland earthquake in Japan's history. Surface faulting stretched 80 kilometers (50\u00a0mi) with horizontal displacement up to 8 meters (26\u00a0ft) and vertical slip in the range of 2\u20133\u00a0m (6\u00a0ft 7\u00a0in\u20139\u00a0ft 10\u00a0in). In that era, scientists believed that large shallow earthquakes were the result of magma moving underground or even subterranean explosions. Bunjiro Koto, a professor at the University of Tokyo, was so influenced by the extraordinary surface faulting that he diverged from the traditional belief and proclaimed that sudden fault slip had been the cause and not simply a secondary consequence of the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029136-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Mino\u2013Owari earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake was recorded on Gray-Milne-Ewing seismographs at weather observation stations at Gifu, Nagoya, Osaka, and Tokyo as well as a station housed at the Imperial University of Tokyo. Although the units went off scale after 8.5 seconds at Gifu and 13.5 seconds at Nagoya (probably due to an inundation of large S waves) the seismograms they produced have been beneficial for seismologists to develop an understanding of the fault rupture process. The records from the stations at Gifu and Nagoya were especially useful as they were the closest to the fault zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029136-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 Mino\u2013Owari earthquake, Earthquake, Surface faulting\nWithin the first several decades of the event, Koto and Omori documented the comprehensive fault breaks that were visible on the surface, and a later investigation by T. Matsuda revealed that the breaks followed a general northwest-southeast trend. Matsuda's 1974 survey also documented intermittent and complementary conjugate faults that were aligned northeast-southwest and labeled the arrangement the Nobi fault system. The strike-slip breaks were described as primarily left-lateral offset of three major faults.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029136-0007-0001", "contents": "1891 Mino\u2013Owari earthquake, Earthquake, Surface faulting\nThe surface rupture did not extend over the full distance of the individual faults, but the Nukumi segment ran 20\u00a0km (12\u00a0mi) with a maximum offset of 3\u00a0m (9.8\u00a0ft). The Neodani and Umehara faults had rupture lengths of 35\u00a0km (22\u00a0mi) and 25\u00a0km (16\u00a0mi) and maximum offsets of 8\u00a0m (26\u00a0ft) and 5\u00a0m (16\u00a0ft) respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029136-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 Mino\u2013Owari earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nThe shock occurred near Nagoya, and was felt throughout the country, but was the strongest in central Japan. The cities of Gifu and Ogaki experienced heavy damage, due largely to fire, but Osaka and Nagoya were also significantly affected. The earthquake was strong in Tokyo, lasting for many minutes, and knocked items off shelves and stopped clocks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029136-0009-0000", "contents": "1891 Mino\u2013Owari earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nThe initial report of the disaster in Tokyo's The Asahi Shimbun newspaper gave only limited details. It stated that a new building for the Home Ministry in Tokyo lost several chimneys and that the reason for the loss of power in Yokohama was that a brick chimney had fallen at the power plant and had damaged equipment there. The following day though, the paper revealed that many homes had been lost and other industrial buildings were damaged or destroyed in Osaka, including the Naniwa cotton textile mill, a new western-style three-story brick building. On November 3, as the extent of the damage was becoming clearer, the same paper reported that more than 1,000 Japanese homes and other buildings had collapsed in Nagoya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029136-0010-0000", "contents": "1891 Mino\u2013Owari earthquake, Earthquake, Aftershocks\nMore than 3,000 aftershocks were reported by the Gifu weather observatory in the 14 months following the event. According to a 1976 study by Takeshi Mikumo and Masataka Ando, three or four shocks per year were still being detected. Several university studies of the microearthquake activity were undertaken in the 1960s and 1970s and the areas southwest of the Neodani fault and near Gifu and Inuyama were found to be experiencing elevated activity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 51], "content_span": [52, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029137-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1891 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri as an independent during the 1891 college football season. In the school's second year of intercollegiate football, the team was led by head coach Hal Reid and compiled a 3\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029138-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Missouri tornado\nThe 1891 Missouri tornado was a destructive F4 tornado that occurred on May 20, 1891. The tornado struck in the rural area of Missouri where it leveled numerous farms and leaving twelve fatalities and $50,000 (1891 USD) in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029138-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Missouri tornado, Storm\nThe tornado was first reported touching down near Sturgeon before moving eastward where it struck several homes. One house was completely leveled with no survivors. The storm continued on where it struck another house killing all of its occupants and then later struck a jail and several farms resulting in eleven more fatalities before continuing eastward before dissipating. During its 35 mile (56.3 km) path, the storm left up to twelve fatalities and $15,000 (1891 USD) in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029138-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Missouri tornado, Observation\nPeople observing the tornado noticed the storm exhibiting either several multiple vortices or satellite tornadoes as it continued to do damage. Also there were reports of the tornado glowing and producing lightning which resulted in the deaths of several livestock and damage to the telegraph system in the area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029139-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1891 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1891 college football season. The team compiled a 5\u20132 record and outscored its opponents 205 to 40. In the second installment of the Army\u2013Navy Game, Army prevailed by a 32\u201316 score. Charles Macklin was the Navy team captain in 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029140-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team\nThe 1891 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 1891 college football season. The team had no head coach, but Theron Lyman led NU in preparation for its game against Iowa. The team played its single home game at Lincoln Park, in Lincoln, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029140-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team\nNebraska fielded its second football team in 1891. Although the university did not provide an official head coach, Iowa College coach Theron Lyman assisted Nebraska in preparation for its November 26 game against Iowa, in order to increase the competitiveness of NU's young program against the veteran Hawkeyes. However, Lyman likely did not even attend his single game as \"head coach\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029140-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team\nNebraska's second victory over Doane gave the program a second straight unofficial Nebraska state championship. This was the final year Nebraska was known as the Old Gold Knights. They would later be referred to as the \"Tree Planters\", \"Nebraskans\", \"The Rattlesnake Boys\", \"Red Stockings\", and \"Antelopes\", but \"Bugeaters\" became the university's official nickname in 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029140-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Doane (October)\nNebraska had planned a rematch with Doane during the 1890 season, which was never played, but led to the teams facing each other three times in 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 77], "content_span": [78, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029140-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Doane (October)\nAlthough Doane scored the first points of the game (the first ever scored against Nebraska), Nebraska posted 16 unanswered points before halftime. The game was reportedly very physical, with several players suffering serious injuries, to the point that the Doane squad considered calling off the rest of the game, though they eventually agreed to a shortened 15-minute second half. Nebraska scored 12 more points to win 28-4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 77], "content_span": [78, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029140-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, at Doane (November)\nNebraska, hoping for more playing time before facing the established Iowa Hawkeyes, scheduled a rematch with Doane. Team captain Ebenezer Mockett withdrew from the university prior to the game, leaving the Old Gold Knights without a head coach or captain. Doane reportedly prepared at length for the game, while several Nebraska players remained out with injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 81], "content_span": [82, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029140-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, at Doane (November)\nNebraska scored the first points off an early Doane fumble to go ahead 6-0. Doane pulled ahead 10-6 at the beginning of the second half, NU's first-ever deficit. Although the Old Gold Knights responded with six points to regain the lead, Doane responded to hand Nebraska the first loss in program history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 81], "content_span": [82, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029140-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Iowa\nAlthough Nebraska was supported by temporary head coach Theron Lyman, the Old Gold Knights' lack of experience and substandard equipment made NU heavy underdogs against the Hawkeyes. Despite having played just one more season than NU, Iowa use playing styles and strategies Nebraska had never seen before, such as pre-play signal calling by the quarterback. Despite a strong defensive effort by Nebraska, Iowa pulled away in the second half to win 22\u20130, Nebraska's first shutout loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029140-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, at Doane (December)\nAfter splitting two games, Nebraska and Doane arranged a tie-breaking third game to serve as an unofficial state championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 81], "content_span": [82, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029140-0009-0000", "contents": "1891 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, at Doane (December)\nDespite losing a physical game to Iowa just one week prior, visiting Nebraska opened the first half with 22 unanswered points. NU halfbacks George Flippin, the first African American to play football for Nebraska, and James Johnston each scored three touchdowns. NU added ten points in the second half en route to a 32\u20130 victory and the unofficial Nebraska state championship for the second consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 81], "content_span": [82, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029141-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 New South Wales colonial election\nThe 1891 New South Wales colonial election was held in the then colony of New South Wales between 17 June to 3 July 1891. This election was for all of the 141 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 35 single-member constituencies, 20 2-member constituencies, 10 3-member constituencies and nine 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029141-0000-0001", "contents": "1891 New South Wales colonial election\nPart 1 (section 10) of the Electoral Act of 1880 set the qualification for election on \"every male subject of Her Majesty of the full age of twenty-one years and absolutely free being a natural born or naturalized subject\". Seven seats were uncontested. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 6 June 1891 by the Governor, The Earl of Jersey, on the advice of the Premier, Sir Henry Parkes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029141-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 New South Wales colonial election\nThe election saw the first appearance of the Labour Party (then known as the Labour Electoral League of New South Wales), which won 35 seats, taking a significant number of votes and seats from both of the previous two major parties in the Assembly, and giving Labour the balance of power. The main political parties in New South Wales, the Protectionist Party and the Free Trade Party both lost seats to Labour. Parkes held on as Premier until October 1891 when he again lost a vote in the Legislative Assembly, causing Parkes to resign as Premier and leader of the Free Trade Party. George Dibbs (Protectionist) became Premier after he arranged for support for his government from Labour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029141-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 New South Wales colonial election, Results\nNew South Wales colonial election, 3 July 1891\u200aLegislative Assembly << 1889\u20131894 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029142-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 New Year Honours\nThe New Year Honours 1891 were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by people of the United Kingdom, British India and in the British Empire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029142-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 New Year Honours\nThey were announced in The Times on 1 January 1891, and the various honours were gazetted in The London Gazette on 1 January 1891, 7 January 1891, and 13 January 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029142-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed or referred to as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by honour and where appropriate by rank (Knight Grand Cross, Knight Commander etc.) then division (Military, Civil).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029143-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 New York Giants season\nThe 1891 New York Giants season was the franchise's 9th season. The team finished in third place in the National League with a 71-61 record, 13 games behind the Boston Beaneaters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029143-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029143-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029143-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029143-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029144-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 New York state election\nThe 1891 New York state election was held on November 3, 1891, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the secretary of state, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer and the state engineer, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029144-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 New York state election, History\nThe Socialist Labor state convention met on May 18 in Albany, New York, and nominated Daniel De Leon for governor; Frank Gesser, of Utica, for lieutenant governor; Frederick Bennets for secretary of state; James Withers, of Brooklyn, for treasurer; Henry Vitalius, of Troy, for comptroller; H. G. Wilshire, of New York City, for attorney general; and Charles Wilson, of New York City, for state engineer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029144-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 New York state election, History\nThe Prohibition state convention met on September 2 and 3 at Albany, New York. Henry Clay Bascom was temporary chairman. They nominated Joseph W. Bruce for governor; George W. Hallock for lieutenant governor; William E. Booth, of Geneseo, for secretary of state; Francis Crawford, of Mount Vernon, for treasurer; William W. Smith for comptroller; Henry P. Forbes, of St. Lawrence County, for state engineer; and Calvin S. Grosser, of Buffalo, for attorney general.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029144-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on September 9 at Rochester, New York. W. W. Goodrich was temporary chairman until the choice of James M. Varnum as permanent chairman. Jacob S. Fassett was nominated for governor on the first ballot (vote: Fassett 514, James W. Wadsworth 85, Stewart L. Woodford 83, Philip Becker 52, Joseph B. Carr 33, Andrew D. White 1). John W. Vrooman for lieutenant governor; Eugene F. O'Connor, of Brooklyn, for secretary of state; Arthur C. Wade, of Jamestown, for comptroller; Ira M. Hedges for treasurer; William A. Sutherland, of Rochester for attorney general; and Verplanck Colvin for state engineer, were nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029144-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on September 15 and 16 at Saratoga, New York. George Raines was temporary and permanent chairman. Roswell P. Flower was nominated for governor on the first ballot (vote: Flower 334, Alfred C. Chapin 43). William F. Sheehan for lieutenant governor, Secretary of State Frank Rice, Frank Campbell for comptroller, Treasurer Elliott Danforth, Simon W. Rosendale for attorney general and Martin Schenck for state engineer, were nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029144-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 New York state election, Results\nAttorney General Simon W. Rosendale was the first Jew elected to a state office in New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029145-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Newcastle colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Newcastle on 14 April 1891 because of the death of James Fletcher (Protectionist).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029145-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Newcastle colonial by-election\nThe East Sydney by-election was held on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029146-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Newton by-election\nThe 1891 Newton by-election was a by-election held on 31 March 1891 during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the Auckland city electorate of Newton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029146-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Newton by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP David Goldie because of the demands of his business.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029146-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Newton by-election\nThe by-election was won by Sir George Grey. He had retired from politics, but had accepted nomination for the vacancy provided he was not opposed, so was declared elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029146-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Newton by-election\nHe was in frail health, but had gone as a delegate to the Federation Convention in Australia. Another delegate, tired of Grey's numerous speeches inquired whether New Zealand intended to \"come in\". Grey replied Not at present, but we are interested in securing a Constitution which may tempt us to come in later on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029147-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1891 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina in the 1891 college football season. They played two games with a final record of 0\u20132. There had been no football team since 1889 prior to this season. The team captains for the 1891 season were Mike Hoke and George Graham. William P. Graves has been reported as this team's coach, but he was the coach in the spring of 1891 when UNC was scheduled to play, but did not.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029148-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 North Kilkenny by-election\nThe North Kilkenny by-election, 1891 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North Kilkenny on 29 October 1891. The vacancy arose because of the death of the sitting member, Sir John Pope Hennessy of the Irish Parliamentary Party, three weeks earlier. Sir John had been elected in a hard-fought and bitter by-election the previous December, following the split in the Party between the supporters and opponents of Charles Stewart Parnell. On this occasion, however, only one candidate was nominated, Patrick McDermott of the Irish Parliamentary Party, who was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029149-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 North Sligo by-election\nThe North Sligo by-election, 1891 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North Sligo on 2 April 1891. It arose as a result of the death of the sitting member, Peter McDonald of the Irish Parliamentary Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029149-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 North Sligo by-election, Background\nIn the period before the by-election, the Irish Parliamentary Party had been undergoing a serious crisis. Its leader, Charles Stewart Parnell, had been cited as co-respondent in a divorce case, which he had not contested, causing a scandal. A majority of the party's MPs left to found a new Anti- Parnellite group. The contest at North Sligo was the second of three by-elections which followed the split and gave the voters an opportunity to express their views of the two sides -  as Frank Callanan puts it, 'a staggered plebiscite on [Parnell's] leadership'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029149-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 North Sligo by-election, The campaign\nTwo candidates were nominated: Bernard Collery for the Anti- Parnellite faction, and Valentine Blake Dillon for the Parnellites.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029149-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 North Sligo by-election, The campaign\nThe Anti- Parnellite campaign was managed by Maurice Healy and David Sheehy. Clerical opposition to Parnell was strong, with two of the bishops whose dioceses covered parts of the constituency taking a firm anti-Parnell line. But in Tireragh, in the west around the part of Ballina in County Sligo, Parnellite support was strong and the Bishop of Killala, whose diocese included the town, took a neutral line and allowed local priests to canvass for Parnell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029149-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 North Sligo by-election, The Voting\nLike the previous by-election in North Kilkenny, the result was a triumphant success for the Anti- Parnellites. Collery won 3,261 votes, as opposed to 2,493 for Dillon - a majority of 768. While this was clearly another setback for the Parnellites, they gained a larger proportion of the vote (43%) than they had in North Kilkenny (35%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029150-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 North-West Territories general election\nThe 1891 North-West Territories general election was held on 7 November 1891 to elect 25 members of the Legislative Assembly of the North-West Territories, Canada. It was the second general election in the History of the North-West Territories. The legislature gained three seats, and six new elected members. The three appointed \"at large\" legal advisors who sat in the assembly in the first legislature were no longer needed. Frederick W. A. G. Haultain was the government leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029150-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 North-West Territories general election\nThe key issue in this election was the French language question. Politicians had spent the previous three years divided on the issues of eliminating the status of the French language as an official language of the territory, and of assimilation of the French-speaking population. The appointed government made French an official language in Section 11 of the North-West Territories Act of 1877 that gained Royal Assent 28 April 1877. Prior to that, French was an official language while the North-West Territories was administered under the Manitoba Act from 1870 to 1875.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029150-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 North-West Territories general election\nThe issue was ignited by Lieutenant Governor Joseph Royal reading the Speech from the Throne in French on 31 October 1888. The outcry caused Royal to read his second throne speech in English only. On 28 October 1889, the issue was made dormant when a Record Division was taken on the \"Language Resolution\", a motion that stated the assembly did not need official recognition of languages. The vote was 17 for 2 against. But this did not last, because the federal government got involved, and warned the Lieutenant Governor Royal to start making speeches in French again, and tried to legislate official bilingualism back in the territory, through the House of Commons of Canada. The bill was defeated on second reading, however.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029150-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 North-West Territories general election\nThe interference by the Government of Canada resulted in members being elected to the assembly who favoured English as the only official language. On 19 January 1892 Haultain made a motion that only English would be used in the Assembly. The motion passed on division: 20 for, 4 against.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029150-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 North-West Territories general election, Election results\nThe turnout can not be established as no voters lists were in use. Candidates were elected as part of a consensus government, i.e., without political parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029150-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 North-West Territories general election, Election results\nNote: No vote returns, are currently available from the Batoche, St. Albert and Souris districts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029150-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 North-West Territories general election, Members of the Legislative Assembly elected\nNote:*in 1892 Charles Boucher was appointed by judicial order, and Charles Nolin was forced to step down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 89], "content_span": [90, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029151-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Northern Maori by-election\nThe 1891 Northern Maori by-election was a by-election during the 11th New Zealand Parliament. The election was held on 7 February 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029151-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Northern Maori by-election\nThe seat of Northern Maori became vacant following the death of the sitting member Sydney Taiwhanga on 27 November 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029151-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Northern Maori by-election\nTaiwhango had been re-elected in 1890 for Northern Maori, but died on election day. He also stood in Eastern Maori, and came second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029151-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Northern Maori by-election\nWiremu Katene had represented the electorate from 1871 to 1875 and in 1887 after the 1887 by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029152-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Northwestern Purple football team\nThe 1891 Northwestern Purple football team was an American football team that represented Northwestern University during the 1891 college football season. The team compiled a 2\u20132\u20133 record and was outscored by its opponents by a combined total of 72 to 42.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029153-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Norwegian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Norway in 1891. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 63 of the 114 seats in the Storting. The Conservative Party and the Moderate Liberal Party contested the elections in an alliance, although separate lists were used in some constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029154-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1891 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1891 college football season. They played all their home games at Recreation Park and were coached by Alexander S. Lilley. The Buckeyes finished the season with a 2\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029154-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThis season was very uneven for Ohio State. Richard T. Ellis was elected captain at the beginning of the season, but he broke his leg during the game against Adelbert College (the undergraduate college of Western Reserve University). Frank Haas served as captain during the Kenyon game. Baseball captain George Pearce took over the football team for the Denison game on Thanksgiving. The Denison game gave Ohio State its first victory since their first-ever game on May 3, 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029154-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nAmong the members of the Ohio State team in 1891 was future Spink Award-winning sportswriter Hugh Fullerton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029154-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, 1891 Standings and Players\nRight end...Clarence W Withoft (1873-1933),Right tackle...Harrison Hutchinson Richardson (1869-1960),Right guard...Paul Martyn Lincoln (1870-1944),Center... Charles S Powell,Left guard...James Stewart Hine (1866-1930),Left tackle...Louis C Ernst (1871-1949),Left end...Raymond Edward Leo Krumm (1873-1948),Quarterback... George Domer Pearce (1871-1925),Right halfback...Arthur H Kennedy,Left halfback...Austin Peter Gillen (1871-1927),Fullback... G Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029154-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, 1891 Standings and Players\nSubstitutes...William Nicholas Zurfluh (1870-1964), Mortimer William Lawrence (1873-1909), Renick W Dunlap (1872-1945), Frederick Douglas Patterson (1871-1932), J.J. Walsh and Frank Haas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029155-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1891 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1891. Republican nominee William McKinley defeated Democratic incumbent James E. Campbell with 48.61% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029156-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Open Championship\nThe 1891 Open Championship was the 31st Open Championship, held 6 October at the Old Course at St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Hugh Kirkaldy won by two strokes from his brother Andrew Kirkaldy and Willie Fernie. This was the last Open Championship contested in a single day over 36 holes. The 1892 Open was contested over 72 holes played on two successive days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029156-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Open Championship\nEntries closed on the Saturday before the event but a number of players entered on the Monday and \"the committee declined to accept them\". These late entries were later allowed to compete \"under protest\" but received no prize-money.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029156-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Open Championship\nHugh Kirkaldy had the best round of the morning. He three-putted the first two holes but still reached the turn in 39. Playing into a strong wind, he came back in 44 for a round of 83. He was closely followed by four players on 84. Willie More reached the turn in 40, coming back in 44. Andrew Kirkaldy had one of the better back nines of 43 to also score 84. The others on 84 were Fernie and Davie Grant, \"one of the late entrants\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029156-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Open Championship\nRain fell heaving for most of the afternoon but the wind was slightly lighter. Hugh Kirkaldy had seven fours in an outward 38 but took five on every hole on the back nine to come home in 45, a round of 83 and a total of 166. More disappointed with an 87 was Andrew Kirkaldy who had reached the turn in 39 and still reached the 17th tee in a strong position. However he took six at the 17th and then missed a \"longish putt\" at the last which would have tied his brother. He eventually three-putted for another six. Fernie reached the turn in 42 but had an excellent 42 coming home to tie with Andrew Kirkaldy. None of the other players challenged Hugh Kirkaldy although the amateur Samuel Mure Fergusson had a three at the last to take fourth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029156-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Open Championship\nThe 1891 Open was the last time there was a play-off for prize money. Andrew Kirkaldy and Fernie played an 18 hole play-off on the following day. Kirkaldy won and took the second prize, Fernie taking third prize. \"The day was beautifully fine, and the players had a large following\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029156-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Open Championship, Final leaderboard\nNineteen-year-old William Auchterlonie, the 1893 Champion, played as an amateur. David Brown and Tom Vardon entered late and received no prize money.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029156-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Open Championship, Final leaderboard, Playoff\nAndrew Kirkaldy beat Willie Fernie in an 18-hole play-off for the second and third prizes. Kirkaldy scored 85 and won \u00a36, Fernie scored 87 and took home \u00a35.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 50], "content_span": [51, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029157-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Orange Athletic Club football team\nThe 1891 Orange Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Orange Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1890 football season. The Orange team played its home games in East Orange, New Jersey, and compiled a 3\u20135 record (1\u20131 against AFU opponents).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029158-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Paisley by-election\nThe Paisley by-election, 1891 was a parliamentary by-election held on 1 June 1891 for the British House of Commons constituency of Paisley in Scotland. It was caused by the death of the constituency's sitting Liberal Member of Parliament William Boyle Barbour who had held the seat since the 1885 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029158-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Paisley by-election, Result\nThe seat was held for the Liberals by William Dunn, a Paisley born, self-made, merchant banker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029159-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1891 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1891 college football season. The Quakers finished with an 11\u20132 record in their fourth year under head coach E. O. Wagenhorst. Significant games included victories over Rutgers (32\u20136), Lafayette (15\u20136 and 12\u201310), and Lehigh (42\u20130 and 32\u20130), and losses to Princeton (24\u20130) and undefeated national champion Yale (48\u20130). The 1891 Penn team outscored its opponents by a combined total of 267 to 109. Penn center John Adams was selected by Caspar Whitney as a first-team player on the 1891 College Football All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029160-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Penn State football team\nThe 1891 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College\u2014now known as Pennsylvania State University\u2013as a member of the Pennsylvania Intercollegiate Football Association (PIFA) during the 1891 college football season. The team played its home games on the Old Main lawn in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029161-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Philadelphia Athletics season\nThe 1891 Philadelphia Athletics season was a season in American baseball. The team, which had played the 1890 season in the defunct Players' League, joined the American Association as a replacement for the previous version of the Philadelphia Athletics, who were expelled after the 1890 season. They finished with a 73\u201366 record and fifth place in the AA. This league folded after the 1891 season and the team disbanded with it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029161-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 79], "content_span": [80, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029161-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029161-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 77], "content_span": [78, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029162-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029162-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029162-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029162-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029162-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029163-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Philadelphia mayoral election\nThe Philadelphia mayoral election of 1891 saw the election of Erwin Sydney Stuart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029164-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Pittsburgh Athletic Club football season\nThe 1891 Pittsburgh Athletic Club football season  was their first season in existence. The team finished with an undefeated record of 7\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029165-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1891 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 10th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise (and the first under the \"Pirates\" name); their 5th in the National League. The Pirates finished eighth and last in the National League with a record of 55\u201380.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029165-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029165-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029165-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029165-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029166-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1891 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1891 college football season. The team finished with a 12\u20131 record. The Tigers recorded 12 shutouts and outscored opponents by a combined total of 391 to 0 in their first 12 games. The team's sole loss was in the final game of the season by a 19\u20130 score against Yale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029166-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Princeton Tigers football team\nThree Princeton players, quarterback Philip King, fullback Sheppard Homans, Jr., and guard Jesse Riggs, were consensus first-team honorees on the 1891 College Football All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029167-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Purdue football team\nThe 1891 Purdue football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1891 college football season. The team compiled a 4\u20130 record in the university's fourth season fielding an intercollegiate football team. For the 1891 season, Purdue hired Knowlton Ames as its football coach. Ames played for Princeton from 1886 to 1889 and was considered one of the greatest players ever to play college football, after scoring 730 points for Princeton. The 1891 Purdue team shut out all four opponents, outscoring Wabash, DePauw, Indiana, and Butler by a combined score of 194 to 0. Purdue's 60\u20130 victory over Indiana was the first installment in a rivalry which later became noted for the award of the Old Oaken Bucket trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029168-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1891 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 1, 1891. Republican nominee Herbert W. Ladd defeated Democratic incumbent John W. Davis with 46.19% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029169-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Richmond Colts football team\nThe 1891 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College\u2014now known as the University of Richmond\u2014as an independent during the 1891 college football season. The team went winless and was coached by Dana Rucker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029170-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1891 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1891 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach William A. Reynolds, the Queensmen compiled an 8\u20136 record and outscored their opponents, 265 to 137. The team's captain was Philip Milledoler Brett, who later served as Rutgers University president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029171-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 SAFA season\nThe 1891 South Australian Football Association season was the 15th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029171-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 SAFA season\nThe 1891 SAFA season marked the height of interest in South Australian football attendance wise during the 19th century with average attendances not being surpassed until the following century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029172-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Salvadoran presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in El Salvador in January 1891. Provisional president General Carlos Ezeta was the only candidate and was elected with only 19 votes against.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029173-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 San Diego mayoral election\nThe 1891 San Diego mayoral election was held on April 7, 1891 to elect the mayor for San Diego. Matthew Sherman was elected Mayor with a majority of the votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029173-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign\nUnlike the 1889 election, which was contested solely between Republicans on different tickets, the 1891 featured candidates from both the Republicans and the Democrats. Matthew Sherman was the candidate on the Republican side running against J.W. Hughes on the Democratic side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029173-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign\nOn April 7, 1891, Sherman was elected mayor with 50.6 percent of the vote to Hughes's 49.4 percent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029174-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1891 Scottish Cup Final was played on 7 February 1891 at the second Hampden Park (now known as Cathkin Park) in Glasgow and was the final of the 18th season of the Scottish Cup. Hearts and Dumbarton contested the match. Hearts won the match 1\u20130, thanks to a 15th-minute goal from Willie Mason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029175-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Sewanee Tigers football team\nThe 1891 Sewanee Tigers football team represented the Sewanee Tigers of Sewanee: The University of the South during the 1891 college football season. In the inaugural season of Sewanee football, the Tigers compiled a 1\u20132 record. The team's quarterback was Ellwood Wilson, considered the \"founder of Sewanee football.\" He had come from Lawrenceville, New Jersey, where he played football before, to Sewanee in 1889. While introducing the sport to Sewanee, he was forced to use a piece of wood shaped like a football until he found a real one. Sewanee's first intercollegiate game was the first instance of the Sewanee\u2013Vanderbilt rivalry and Vanderbilt's second ever game. The win over Tennessee was that program's first game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029176-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 South Dorset by-election\nThe 1891 South Dorset by-election was held on 7 May 1891 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP Charles J. T. Hambro. The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate William Brymer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029177-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 South Molton by-election\nThe 1891 South Molton by-election was held on 13 November 1891 after the incumbent Liberal Unionist MP Newton Wallop was elevated to the peerage. The election was won by the Liberal candidate, George Lambert who would hold the seat with one short interruption until 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season\nThe 1891 Southern Rugby Football Union season was the 18th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. This was the second competition for the Agricultural Society Challenge Cup which was awarded to the winners of the premiership. The football season lasted from May to August. The premiership was won for the fifth time in succession by the Sydney University Football Club, who were undefeated once again, winning the final against Zealandia. The Junior Badges saw Wentworth defeat the Pirates for the second year in succession. The Second Junior Badges, previously known as the Union Cup, saw Carlton defeat Sydney University 2nd in the final. A Third Junior Badges was created and won by Randwick Austral, who defeated Roslyn in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams\nFor the 1891 premiership, 10 teams submitted entries for the senior cup. These teams had all competed in the premiership during the prior season. Of the teams that had participated last year, Elvira failed to survive into the new season. Unfortunately the decision was made by the club to not put together a team as many of their players had moved across to other clubs within the Balmain area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nWith the new season, the Union decided to make changes in regards to the number of competitions for junior clubs. In addition to the Senior Cup, Junior Badges and Second Junior Badges (formally the Union Cup) the Union decided to add a Third Junior Badges. Clubs could submit entries to the competition of their choice with second fifteens not allowed to participate in the Junior Badges. The Agricultural Society Cup was to be handed to the winner of the senior competition. For the Junior Badges, AJ Torning supplied silver medals for the winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0002-0001", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nEntries closed during the first week in May with the Union writing the draw for each of the four competitions. Games would begin on 30 May with regular season matches finishing on 25 July for the senior clubs and 15 August for the Junior Badges. At the conclusion of the regular matches the top four ranked teams would progress to the semi finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nDuring the season, it was seen that a few clubs struggled to field a team. As soon as a club began to encounter a few losses the players became dissatisfied and started to desert the club. Rather than working hard at turning around the performance of the team, these players began to fervently seek places at a winning club. As a result, some clubs became defunct. Calls were made for the Union to step in and stop this behaviour. Victims of this type of behaviour were Rosedale and Arfoma. Both clubs had seen much success in previous seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0003-0001", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nPrior to the premiership games starting, Arfoma were already losing prominent players with some failing to appear at trial matches. Albert Sefton, the club secretary, was doing his best at holding the club together. The same was happening at Rosedale with most of their prominent players having already deserted the club prior to the season. Players James McMahon and Arthur Braund had already signed up with the Sydney club. By the second round of games on 6 June, both clubs were barely existing. Arfoma forfeited their match against Parramatta that caused some poor feeling towards the struggling club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0003-0002", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nBy the following week the club had ceased to exist with Sefton putting on the Randwick colours and seeing out the season with them. Rosedale were able to muster 13 men to play their second round match against Strathfield. Within the first few minutes Strathfield began to score freely causing the Rosedale players to lose heart. Players began to leave the field with Rosedale eventually left with only 9 players to stop their opponents from scoring more points. The game was called after 25 minutes in the favour of Strathfield. Rosedale soon withdrew their senior team from the premiership, releasing their players to join other clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nSydney University had the fortune of receiving three forfeits during the regular games. With both games against Rosedale and Arfoma called off, the Zealandia also failed to muster a team to play the eventual premiers. This gave the Varsity an advantage during the middle of the season. Despite this, the team easily dispatched their opponents in most games. After being on a winning streak since 1887, the Varsity were finally held to a draw. Their match against Strathfield ended in a 3 all draw. This was their first draw since the first round of the 1887 season, ending their winning streak at 41. Despite this, the Varsity were firm favourites entering the final. The team left no doubt of their superiority with a commanding display to take their fifth premiership in as many years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nAfter winning their first game of the season, a mid-season slump nearly saw the Zealandia club miss out on the finals. However, a brace of wins in the final rounds of the qualifying games saw them in contention for the final spot. Zealandia secured their spot in the finals in a peculiar way. Earlier in the season, the team forfeited their match against University A due to not being able to field the players. This forfeit had seen them receive no points against them on the for and against.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0005-0001", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nWith their opponents receiving a large score against them in their games against the Varsity, Zealandia were able to take the fourth position in the finals based on their points difference. The club took advantage of the unfortunate absence of players in the Strathfield team to progress to the final. Once there, Zealandia did not show their best game against the eventual premiers and were beaten comprehensively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nDuring the off-season, the Strathfield club was most prominent in attempting to encourage players to switch to their club. With the addition of a few prominent players, it was hoped that they would be a match for the dominant University. Unfortunately they met with little success on this front as players refused to change clubs. Despite this, Strathfield performed well during the season, losing only one match prior to the finals. The team displayed promise when they held the dominate University to a 3 all draw. However, the team were missing some vital players in their semi final match against Zealandia, ending their premiership chances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nWallaroo were considered to be the only club to be able to compete with the eventual premiers. It was believed that their defence was almost perfect with only two tries scored against them prior to the final match against University A. The club remained undefeated until they faced the Varsity in the final round of the qualifying matches. A close game saw Wallaroo lose the match 8 points to 3. With the semi finals decided by ballot, Wallaroo had the poor fortune of meeting the Varsity again the following week. Another tight contest saw the club bow out of the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals\nThe semi finals were arranged by ballot with Sydney University playing against Wallaroo and Zealandia playing against Strathfield. Both matches were held on the Agricultural Society Ground. The match between Strathfield and Zealandia saw the Kiwi's win 16 points to nil. Despite the final scoreline, Strathfield displayed excellent defence for much of the match and with a few less errors the score may have been more favourable towards them. Missing from their team were goal kicking master Robert Lusk, who was still injured from a previous match, and try scoring wizard Harry Moses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0008-0001", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals\nJames McCausland shone for Zealandia, kicking two goals from the field. Sydney University began with great pace in their match against Wallaroo, causing their opponents much trouble during the first half. Wallaroo were continually required to defend their lines from the fierce attacks of James Moulton, Harry Abbott and Percy Colquhoun. Within the first 15 minutes of the match, University scored all of their points. Tiredness soon set in for the Varsity in the second half which allowed Wallaroo to hold them back from adding to their total. Wallaroo were able to score late in the match to bring the final scoreline to 10 points to 5 in favour of the University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0009-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals, Final, 8 August\nA large number of people came out to watch the final between Sydney University and Zealandia at the Agricultural Society Ground. Entering into the match, the Varsity were favourites with some considering it a foregone conclusion. The sunny weather saw the Varsity immediately press their opponents from the kick-off. Within the first twenty minutes, they put up 9 points to nil. Colquhoun of Sydney University played his usual exceptional game. McCausland defended well for the Zealandia, stopping a number of runs. By half time, the University had stretched the scoreline out to 12 points to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0009-0001", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals, Final, 8 August\nA humorous and strange thing happened during the early part of the first half. The ball from the Wentworth-Pirates match, which was playing on the adjoining ground, was kicked just beyond the Varsity forwards during a scrum. Some of the Zealandia players made off with the ball and managed to get across the University line with no opposition. In celebrating what they thought was a try, they soon realised that their opponents were pressing their teammates hard with the correct game ball. The crowd were highly entertained by this embarrassing mistake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0009-0002", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals, Final, 8 August\nAfter changing ends, the Zealandia began to press the University hard with George Lusk managing to kick a goal to put points on the board for his team. Zealandia were fired up as a result and continue to put pressure on the Varsity goal line. However, their work came to no end with the Varsity taking the ball back to their opponents goal line. University got behind the Zealandia line a number of times from this moment, raising the scoreline to 28 points to 4. In the last minutes, McCausland managed to score a goal from the field. Time was called soon after. Sydney University left no doubt as to their superiority as they ran over their opponents with the final score standing at 28 points to 8. Questions were asked as to the worthiness of Zealandia as runner-up with some considering them earning the position through luck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 889]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0010-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Junior Badges\nEleven clubs submitted entries for the Junior Badges with a draw released to include games from 30 May to 15 August. Teams would continue to be ranked by points, with the top four being admitted into the semi finals to contest for the badges. The Union maintained that the Junior competition would not include second fifteens of teams. Once again, AJ Torning offered silver medals for the winners of the Junior Badges, the offer being accepted by the Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0010-0001", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Junior Badges\nAt the conclusion of the regular season matches, the top three teams finished on the same number of points with the fourth team only two points behind. The semi finals saw Wentworth defeat Burwood 11 points to nil and the Pirates defeat Double Bay by 8 points to nil. With the final being played at the Agricultural Society Ground, the match was very reminiscent of the previous season's with the same two teams playing for the badges. The Pirates were favourites for the final, with the hope they would be able to reverse the result from the previous season. However, Wentworth proved to be the superior club, winning the final and the premiership. The match remained close until late in the second half, when Wentworth scored three unanswered tries. Wentworth were premiers for a second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 856]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0011-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Second Junior Badges\nTwenty-two clubs submitted entries for the Second Junior Badges, previously known as the Union Badges. Like the Junior Badges, the competition continued to rank teams by points with the top four progressing to the semi finals. Interestingly, the Rosedale club continued to have a presence in the Second Junior competition despite their senior team pulling out of the Agricultural Cup. At the end of the preliminary matches Randwick 2nd and Carlton finished tied on the top of the table. Both University 2nd and Liverpool finished in the top four to also progress to the semi finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 68], "content_span": [69, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0011-0001", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Second Junior Badges\nThe draw for these matches saw Randwick 2nd up against University 2nd at the Agricultural Society Ground and Carlton drawn against Liverpool at Burwood. The Varsity defeated their opponents 13 points to 3 to progress to the finals. The second match saw Carlton defeat Liverpool 8 points to 3. The final was eagerly anticipated with both University and Carlton having played a draw during the preliminary matches. A keenly contested match saw Carlton defeat the Varsity by 10 points to 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 68], "content_span": [69, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0012-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Third Junior Badges\nIn 1891 it was decided by the Union to create a Third Junior Badges. Twenty-three clubs submitted entries for the new competition. After the regular matches, Surrey and Randwick Austral finished on equal points at the top of the table with Redfern Parkhurst and Roslyn also qualifying for semi finals. The draw for the semi finals saw Austral and Surrey play against each other on the Agricultural Ground. The match was a tight one which went into extra time with Austral scoring 8 points to Surrey's nil to win the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0012-0001", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Third Junior Badges\nThe second semi was another stubborn affair with Roslyn defeating Redfern Parkhurst 4 points to 3. Despite expectations for Austral to run away with the match, the final turned out to be a better contest. The match was not a great example of Rugby play, however the final result saw Austral narrowly defeat Roslyn 3 points to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0013-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nAt the end of the Sydney Rugby Premiership, a contingent of players were sent to Queensland to represent NSW in the Intercolonial matches. Unfortunately, many of the more prominent players were not available for selection, with the team considered to not be the best that could have been put into the field. Those that could not make themselves available did so mostly due to the scheduling of the matches and having to travel to Queensland to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0014-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nThe first match saw heavy clouds gather over the ground prior to the beginning of the match. As the game proceeded, the weather turned nasty with heavy rain making the ground muddy and the ball slippery. Queensland were deemed to have the best of the match with the team crossing over for three tries to New South Wales one. The first half saw an even contest with NSW leading into the break 9 points to 3. With the rain making everything slippery, it was believed that the visitors should have had the advantage during the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0014-0001", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nHowever, the Queensland forwards played brilliantly resulting in the team scoring 6 more points to bring the scoreline level. With better luck, the local team may have won the match. Twice the Queenslanders crossed the visitors line failing to ground the ball and any kicks with the sodden ball did not find their mark. It was obvious that the New South Wales players were tired and out of condition in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0015-0000", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nThe return match between the two old sparring partners was played a week later. The match saw a decisive win for the Queenslanders with the final score 11 points to nil. However, before the match had begun, controversy was seen with the choice of referee for the match. Mr FC Lea was chosen by the local team to umpire the match, however questions were raised by the visitors in regards to his fairness. An ultimatum was put to the NSW team: accept the umpire chosen or the match would not go ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029178-0015-0001", "contents": "1891 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches\nIt was believed that the Northern Union did a great disservice to the visitors in insisting their choice be accepted with some suggesting that the NSW team should have stood their ground. The play during the first half was rather even with neither team being able to score. However, the Queenslanders did all of the scoring in the second half. This was done in spite of the winners playing much of the half with  a man down. Once again, the visitors tired in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029179-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Spanish general election\nThe 1891 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 1 February and on Sunday, 15 February 1891, to elect the 5th Restoration Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 401 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate. The electorate consisted of about 27.3\u00a0% of the country's population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029179-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Spanish general election, Overview, Background\nThe Spanish Constitution of 1876 enshrined Spain as a constitutional monarchy, awarding the King power to name senators and to revoke laws, as well as the title of commander-in-chief of the army. The King would also play a key role in the system of El Turno Pac\u00edfico (the Peaceful Turn) by appointing and toppling governments and allowing the opposition to take power. Under this system, the Conservative and Liberal parties alternated in power by means of election rigging, which they achieved through the encasillado, using the links between the Ministry of Governance, the provincial civil governors, and the local bosses (caciques) to ensure victory and exclude minor parties from the power sharing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029179-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nThe Spanish Cortes were envisaged as \"co-legislative bodies\", based on a nearly perfect bicameralism. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate had legislative, control and budgetary functions, sharing equal powers except for laws on contributions or public credit, where the Congress had preeminence. Voting for the Cortes was on the basis of universal manhood suffrage, which comprised all national males over twenty-five, having at least a two-year residency in a municipality and in full enjoyment of their civil rights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029179-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nFor the Congress of Deputies, 88 seats were elected using a partial block voting in 26 multi-member constituencies, with the remaining 313 being elected under a one-round first-past-the-post system in single-member districts. Candidates winning a plurality in each constituency were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029179-0003-0001", "contents": "1891 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nIn constituencies electing eight seats or more, electors could vote for no more than three candidates less than the number of seats to be allocated; in those with more than four seats and up to eight, for no more than two less; in those with more than one seat and up to four, for no more than one less; and for one candidate in single-member districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029179-0003-0002", "contents": "1891 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nThe Congress was entitled to one member per each 50,000 inhabitants, with each multi-member constituency being allocated a fixed number of seats: 8 for Madrid, 5 for Barcelona and Palma, 4 for Seville and 3 for Alicante, Almer\u00eda, Badajoz, Burgos, C\u00e1diz, Cartagena, C\u00f3rdoba, Granada, Ja\u00e9n, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coru\u00f1a, Lugo, M\u00e1laga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza. The law also provided for by-elections to fill seats vacated throughout the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029179-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nFor the Senate, 180 seats were indirectly elected, with electors voting for delegates instead of senators. Elected delegates\u2014equivalent in number to one-sixth of the councillors in each municipal corporation\u2014would then vote for senators using a write-in, two-round majority voting system. The provinces of \u00c1lava, Albacete, \u00c1vila, Biscay, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Guip\u00fazcoa, Huelva, Logro\u00f1o, Matanzas, Palencia, Pinar del R\u00edo, Puerto Pr\u00edncipe, Santa Clara, Santander, Santiago de Cuba, Segovia, Soria, Teruel, Valladolid and Zamora were allocated two seats each, whereas each of the remaining provinces was allocated three seats, for a total of 147.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029179-0004-0001", "contents": "1891 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nThe remaining 33 were allocated to a number of institutions, electing one seat each\u2014the Archdioceses of Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Cuba, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; the Royal Spanish Academy; the Royal Academies of History, Fine Arts, Sciences, Moral and Political Sciences and Medicine; the Universities of Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Havana, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; and the Economic Societies of Friends of the Country from Madrid, Barcelona, Cuba\u2013Puerto Rico, Le\u00f3n, Seville and Valencia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029179-0004-0002", "contents": "1891 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nAn additional 180 seats comprised senators in their own right\u2014the Monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age; Grandees of Spain of the first class; Captain Generals of the Army and the Navy Admiral; the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops; as well as other high-ranking state figures\u2014and senators for life (who were appointed by the Monarch).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029179-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Spanish general election, Overview, Election date\nThe term of each House of the Cortes\u2014the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate\u2014expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The Monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both Houses at any given time\u2014either jointly or separately\u2014and call a snap election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029180-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1891 St. Louis Browns season was the team's tenth season in St. Louis, Missouri and the tenth season in the American Association. The Browns went 85\u201351 during the season and finished second in the American Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029180-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 St. Louis Browns season\nThis was the Browns final season in the American Association. The league folded after the season, and the Browns moved to the National League where they remain today as the St. Louis Cardinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029180-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029180-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029180-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029180-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029180-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029181-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Stanford football team\nThe 1891 Stanford football team represented Stanford University in the 1891 college football season. This was the inaugural year of both the University and the football team: the University opened in October 1891 and the four-game season was played in early 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029181-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Stanford football team, Origins\nSoon after Stanford opened on October 1, 1891, students set out to form a football team. One transfer student, John Whittemore, had played football at Washington University. He was chosen as captain and began to organize the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029181-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Stanford football team, Origins\nWhittemore acted as de facto coach, drawing up plays and organizing practices. The team won its first two games against Hopkins Academy and Berkeley Gym before losing to a team from San Francisco's Olympic Club. In its final game of the first season, Stanford upset a more experienced team from the University of California, Berkeley, setting the stage for what would become the longstanding Big Game rivalry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029181-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Stanford football team, Game summaries, California\nSoon after formation of Stanford's team, players at the University of California, Berkeley, which had been playing football for 10 years, contacted the team to set up a Thanksgiving Day game; as the Stanford team was still organizing, a spring game was eventually agreed to.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029181-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Stanford football team, Game summaries, California\nOn March 19, 1892, the Stanford and California teams met to play at Haight Street Grounds in San Francisco. Stanford's team manager was future U.S. President Herbert Hoover; Hoover had printed 10,000 tickets for the game, but soon an overflow crowd forced Hoover to collect cash payment for admission. As the game was about to begin, both teams realized that no one had brought a ball. An owner of a sporting goods store who was in attendance was dispatched on horseback to retrieve a ball and the game eventually started an hour late.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029181-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Stanford football team, Game summaries, California\nStanford employed some trick plays and scored the first three touchdowns of the game (touchdowns were worth 4 points at that time) and held on to upset the more experienced California team 14\u201310.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029181-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Stanford football team, Legacy\nThe next season, Whittemore wrote to legendary Yale coach Walter Camp asking him to recommend a coach for Stanford; to Whittemore's surprise, Camp agreed to coach the team himself, on the condition that he coach the season at Yale first.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029181-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 Stanford football team, Legacy\nWhittemore's son, also named John Whittemore and also a Stanford student, lived to the age of 104 and was renowned as a masters track and field athlete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029182-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 State Normal School at Cheney fire\nThe 1891 State Normal School at Cheney fire was a conflagration on the morning of August 27, 1891, that consumed the only building then housing the State Normal School at Cheney in Cheney, Washington. No lives were lost, but the destruction of the building sparked a multi-year battle with the governor and state legislature regarding whether the normal school would be shuttered, or whether the state would authorize funds for the construction of a replacement building.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029182-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 State Normal School at Cheney fire, Background\nAt the time of the fire, the institution originally known as the Benjamin P. Cheney Academy had only been in place for nine years, operating for most of those years as a school for local children. The campus's original building, built in the fall of 1881, was a wooden structure, measuring 36\u00d766\u00a0ft; by August 1891, the school (renamed the State Normal School at Cheney shortly after Washington became a state in 1889) was constructing an addition of four classrooms and a gymnasium to accommodate rising enrollment and the needs of the new normal school curriculum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029182-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 State Normal School at Cheney fire, Background\nThe town around the campus, Cheney, Washington, has been described by historians as a \"tough little town,\" and \"the last camping-ground of the American frontier.\" It was home to speculators and opportunists, like most other frontier towns at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029182-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 State Normal School at Cheney fire, Fire\nEarly on the morning of August 27, 1891 (at around 12:45 am), just one week before the fall term was scheduled to begin, the Cheney fire department responded to a blaze at the State Normal School. According to the Spokane Daily Chronicle, fire officials believed the fire began when a leaking hydrant soaked a pile of lime next to the building, where new construction at the building site was underway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029182-0003-0001", "contents": "1891 State Normal School at Cheney fire, Fire\nJ. Orin Oliphant, writing the institution's first published history in 1924, cited the reminiscences of a Cheney resident in claiming that \"the fire started on the northeast side, in a heated mortar bed, which was too close to the wooden basement wall.\" According to the Chronicle, the fire department arrived on the scene almost immediately, but the flames consumed the building so quickly that \"the efforts of the firemen were useless.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029182-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 State Normal School at Cheney fire, Immediate impact\nThe building, then valued at $10,000, burned to the ground as a total loss. It had contained a large number of new books and materials, along with a brand new piano, that had just been acquired for the upcoming school year. Since the structure had contained the entire institution, the school had to make arrangements to resume classes in another building while the state debated an appropriation to rebuild. The university had an insurance policy on the building, but the policy had been made payable to the Washington State Legislature instead of to the school itself. This left the university in limbo without any funding to rebuild.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029182-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 State Normal School at Cheney fire, Immediate impact\nThe community immediately helped to secure a location by September 2, 1891, so the normal school could open in time for the fall term. There are some discrepancies in available sources regarding exactly what arrangements were made. Oliphant indicates that, for the first week of the term, the trustees of Cheney's public school offered the temporary use of their building until more permanent accommodations could be found; in contrast, the August 28, 1891 edition of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer claims that by that date, the normal school's Board of Trustees had already made arrangements for rented storefronts in downtown Cheney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029182-0005-0001", "contents": "1891 State Normal School at Cheney fire, Immediate impact\nRegardless, sources agree that by the end of the term's first week the normal school had set up in rented space in the Pomeroy building in downtown Cheney. The temporary school \"location was poor, the rooms small, and the hallways dark and narrow,\" but despite that reality, the normal school remained in operation there until 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029182-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 State Normal School at Cheney fire, Long-term impact\nThe loss of the building, which was under-insured, threw the future of the school into doubt. Established originally as an academy by a private endowment from Benjamin Pierce Cheney, the school had only begun to operate as a normal school in October 1890. Funding normal schools in the state had been a contentious budget issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029182-0006-0001", "contents": "1891 State Normal School at Cheney fire, Long-term impact\nGovernor McGraw exercised his veto in the spring of 1893 to hold back $85,000 of funds that had been approved by the legislature to rebuild the school; the veto was widely derided by newspaper editorials around the state, including pieces in the Cheney Sentinel, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, and the Seattle Telegraph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029182-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 State Normal School at Cheney fire, Long-term impact\nIn response, the residents of Cheney voted overwhelmingly (262\u201313 in favor) for a bond measure to finance the building of a public school building, which the city would loan to the State Normal School until such time as its own building could be erected. The principal of the State Normal School at Cheney, William J. Sutton, described the loaned building as \"a commodious 2-storied brick building ... one of the most complete and convenient school buildings in the state. It will be supplied with water from the city water works, with electric light, electric bells and heated by steam.\" The normal school would occupy this loaned public school building from the fall of 1893 until 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029182-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 State Normal School at Cheney fire, Long-term impact\nGovernor McGraw's biennial budget priorities for 1895 remained opposed to the rebuilding of the State Normal School at Cheney: in his annual message, McGraw emphasized that \"it was owing to no personal feeling or antipathy of opinion that the veto power was exercised in the cases of the Cheney and Whatcom Normal Schools,\" but reiterated his conviction that the people of the state should not be required to pay additional taxes for the requested construction work.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029182-0008-0001", "contents": "1891 State Normal School at Cheney fire, Long-term impact\nMcGraw's resolve weakened, however: he was influenced in part by the opinion of C. W. Bean, the state superintendent of public instruction (whose research had concluded that McGraw's preferred model of a single central state normal school had not succeeded in other states). Perhaps as importantly, McGraw had been impressed by the survival and increasing enrollment numbers reported by the State Normal School at Cheney, which, as it had been achieved during years in temporary quarters with meager appropriations from the state, indicated the overall health of the institution. When the legislature passed a bill in March 1895 authorizing $60,000 for the construction of a new normal school building in Cheney, McGraw added his assent, and the construction was scheduled to begin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 840]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029182-0009-0000", "contents": "1891 State Normal School at Cheney fire, Long-term impact\nInfighting between the citizens of Cheney and the normal school's administration, as well as disputes over the new construction, ultimately delayed the opening of the state's new building until 1897. The controversy brought a new newspaper to town, the Cheney Free Press, which was established \"to support the interests of the Normal School administration.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029183-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 State of the Union Address\nThe 1891 State of the Union Address was written by Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd president of the United States. It was to both houses of the 52nd United States Congress on Wednesday, December 9, 1891, by a clerk. He said, \"The vista that now opens to us is wider and more glorious than ever before. Gratification and amazement struggle for supremacy as we contemplate the population, wealth, and moral strength of our country.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029184-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Stowmarket by-election\nThe 1891 Stowmarket by-election was held on 5 May 1891 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP Edward Greene. It was gained by the Liberal candidate Sydney Stern.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029185-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Swansea County Borough Council election\nThe annual election to Swansea County Borough Council took place in November 1891. It was followed by the 1892 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029186-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Swarthmore Quakers football team\nThe 1891 Swarthmore Quakers football team was an American football team that represented Swarthmore College a member of the Pennsylvania Intercollegiate Football Association (PIFA) during the 1891 college football season. The team compiled a 9\u20132 record and outscored opponents by a total of 302 to 94. Jacob K. Shell was the head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029187-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Swiss referendums\nFive referendums were held in Switzerland in 1891. The first was held on 15 March on a federal law on federal officials who had become unemployable due to disability, and was rejected by 79.4% of voters. The second was held on 5 July on a constitutional amendment, and was approved by 60.3% of voters. Two referendums were held on 18 October, one on revising article 39 of the federal constitution and one on a federal law on Swiss tariffs; both were approved. The last was held on 6 December on the question of whether the federal government should purchase the Swiss Central Railway, but was rejected by 68.9% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029187-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Swiss referendums, Background\nThe two constitutional referendums were mandatory referendums, which required both a majority of voters and cantons. The other three were optional referendums, which meant that only a majority of the public vote was required for the proposals to be approved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029188-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1891 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University during the 1891 college football season. The head coach was William Galbraith, coaching his first season with the Orangemen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029189-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Te Aroha by-election\nThe 1891 Te Aroha by-election was a by-election held on 9 July 1891 during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the Waikato electorate of Te Aroha. The 1890 general election in the Te Aroha electorate had been contested by William Shepherd Allen and William Fraser. Allen was elected, but Fraser mounted a successful election petition, and Allen was disqualified from standing again. The by-election was contested by Fraser and Sir Walter Buller, the well known ornithologist, who both represented the Liberal Party, plus a third candidate who was not taken seriously. Shortly before the election, the Liberal Government made Fraser its official candidate. A candidate representing the opposition pulled out of the contest in late June, as it was clear that only a Liberal Party supporter could win. Fraser won the by-election, obtaining more than 60% of the votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 889]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029189-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Te Aroha by-election, Background\nThe Te Aroha electorate was first formed for the 11th New Zealand Parliament in 1890. William Shepherd Allen and William Fraser contested the 1890 election. Allen had a majority of 235 votes and was declared elected. Fraser petitioned against the election on three grounds: that Allen (who at the time of the election was overseas) had not given his consent to being nominated, that scrutineers had not been appointed by Allen in writing, and charges of bribery, corruption and treating of Allen's agents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029189-0001-0001", "contents": "1891 Te Aroha by-election, Background\nThe case was heard over two and a half days by Chief Justice James Prendergast and by Justice Edward Conolly. They issued their judgement on 3 April 1891, and declared that Allen's nomination was legal, charges of bribery or corruption were not proven, but that T. O. Hammond having been a paid agent of Allen was in violation of the Corrupt Practices Prevention Act, 1881, and the election was thus declared void.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029189-0001-0002", "contents": "1891 Te Aroha by-election, Background\nThere was then legal argument that Fraser should be declared duly elected instead, but Justice Conolly rejected this, stating that it was up to the House of Representatives to decide on that. The judges disqualified Allen from standing in the Te Aroha electorate for 12 months, but he could contest by-elections in other electorates should they arise. Allen regretted that he could not contest the upcoming by-election. Some of his friends decided to petition parliament to have the disqualification overturned. The Public Petition Committee reported to the House on 10 July (i.e. the day after the by-election) and recommended that the Government pass a bill to remove the stigma of disqualification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029189-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Te Aroha by-election, Candidates\nVarious potential candidates were approached by the electors and discussed in the newspapers. Fraser, a supporter of the Liberal Party, confirmed that he would contest the by-election on 15 April, after it had previously been reported that he would not stand again. William Herries of Shaftesbury in the Piako District was asked to become a candidate in April. Joseph Dargaville, who had previously represented the Auckland West electorate, was discussed as a probable candidate, and the potential candidacy of Sir Maurice O'Rorke, who after 29 years in Parliament had been defeated at the 1890 election, was rumoured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029189-0002-0001", "contents": "1891 Te Aroha by-election, Candidates\nThe lawyer and ornithologist Walter Buller, who had previously been unsuccessful in the 1876 and 1881 elections, started canvassing in the electorate as a supporter of the Liberal Government during April. William McCullough, a former Mayor of Thames, was asked in mid June to stand in the upcoming by-election. William Murray, who had until 1881 represented the Te Aroha electorate, was understood to be a candidate for the opposition to the ruling Liberal Government. Dr. Charles Broome of Huntly announced his candidacy in late June, but his nomination was regarded as a \"joke\" by the local newspaper, the Thames Star. Lemuel Bagnall was another candidate. He retired from the contest in late June, as the public showed strong support for the government, and that as opposition candidate he would not find sufficient support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 865]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029189-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Te Aroha by-election, Election\nNominations were received by 29 June from Fraser, Buller, and Broome. On 1 July, the government decided to make Fraser its official candidate. The by-election was held on 9 July 1891 and was won by Fraser. The following table gives the election results:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029189-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Te Aroha by-election, Election\nFraser represented the electorate until the end of the parliamentary term in 1893, when the electorate was abolished again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029190-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1891 Tennessee Volunteers football team represented the University of Tennessee in the 1891 season. This was the first Tennessee Volunteers football team. They traveled on Thanksgiving Day to Chattanooga, Tennessee to face Sewanee. They had no head coach and were mainly an intramural team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029191-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Toronto municipal election\nMunicipal elections were held in Toronto, Canada, on January 5, 1891. Edward Frederick Clarke, was re-elected to his fourth term in office, defeating former alderman Ernest A. Macdonald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029192-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Trinity Blue and White football team\nThe 1891 Trinity Blue and White football team represented Trinity College (today known as Duke University) in the 1891 college football season. The team went 3\u20130  and beat its opponents by a combined score of 122 to 4. The team claimed a Southern championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029192-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Trinity Blue and White football team\nThe 1891 team was led by senior player and captain Tom Daniels, who later played for Auburn University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029193-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nList of champions of the 1891 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open). The men's tournament was held from 22 August to 31 August on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. The women's tournament was held from 23 June to 27 June on the outdoor grass courts at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Philadelphia, PA. It was the 11th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year. :", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029193-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles\nOliver Campbell defeated  Clarence Hobart  2\u20136, 7\u20135, 7\u20139, 6\u20131, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029193-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nOliver Campbell /  Bob Huntington defeated  Valentine Hall /  Clarence Hobart 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 8\u20136", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029193-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nMabel Cahill /  Emma Leavitt Morgan defeated  Grace Roosevelt /  Ellen Roosevelt 2\u20136, 8\u20136, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029193-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\nMabel Cahill / Wright defeated  Grace Roosevelt / Lee  6\u20134, 6\u20130, 7\u20135 \u2020", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029193-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\n\u2020 - The Mixed Doubles event was not an official event in 1891", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029194-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nOliver Campbell defended his title in the challenge round by beating Clarence Hobart 2\u20136, 7\u20135, 7\u20139, 6\u20131, 6\u20132 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1891 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029195-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nMabel Cahill won the singles tennis title by defeating reigning champion Ellen Roosevelt  6\u20134, 6\u20131, 4\u20136, 6\u20133 in the Challenge Round of the 1891 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship. Cahill had won the right to challenge Ellen Roosevelt by defeating her sister Grace Roosevelt 6\u20133, 7\u20135 in the final of the All Comers' competition. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia from June 23 through June 27, 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029196-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 USC Methodists football team\nThe 1891 USC Methodists football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southern California during the 1891 college football season. The team competed as an independent without a head coach, compiling a 1\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029197-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 United Kingdom census\nThe United Kingdom Census 1891 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland carried out on Sunday 5 April 1891. A question was added to record the number of rooms in a household, in response to concerns about overcrowding in cities. This was also the first census to employ women census takers and the first to ask in Wales about the ability to speak Welsh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029198-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 United States House of Representatives elections\nThere were eight special elections in 1891 in the United States House of Representatives to the 52nd United States Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029199-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 United States Senate election in Kansas\nThe 1891 United States Senate election in Kansas was held on January 28, 1891, to elect Kansas' Class III senator in its delegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029199-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 United States Senate election in Kansas, Farmers' Alliance/People's nomination\nThe Farmers' Alliance and People's Party were split into two factions that either supported Peter Percival Elder, who was expected to become the Speaker of the Kansas House of Representatives, or William A. Peffer for the senatorial nomination. It was speculated that Jerry Simpson would be chosen as a compromise candidate between the two factions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 83], "content_span": [84, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029199-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 United States Senate election in Kansas, Farmers' Alliance/People's nomination\nOn January 27, 1891, the Farmers' Alliance caucus in the state legislature convened to select the party's nominee for the senate election. The balloting started with seventeen candidates and after seventeen ballots Peffer won, with fifty-six votes, against J. T. Willitts, with thirty-eight votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 83], "content_span": [84, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029199-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 United States Senate election in Kansas, Results\nOn January 27, 1891, both chambers of the Kansas Legislature informally voted separately on the senatorial candidates. In the House of Representatives, 96 members voted for Peffer, 23 members voted for Ingalls, and 5 members voted for Democratic nominee C. W. Blair. In the Senate, 35 members voted for Ingalls, 1 member voted for Peffer, and 2 voted for other candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029199-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 United States Senate election in Kansas, Results\nOn January 28, both chambers of the legislature convened to formally elect the senator. In the join ballot of the House of Representatives and Senate, 101 members voted for Peffer, 58 members voted for Ingalls, 3 members voted for Blair, and 3 members voted for other candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029200-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 United States Senate election in New York\nThe 1891 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 20 and 21, 1891, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 3) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029200-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nRepublican William M. Evarts had been elected to this seat in 1885, and his term would expire on March 3, 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029200-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nAt the State election in November 1889, 19 Republicans and  13 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1890-1891) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1890, 68 Democrats and 60 Republicans were elected for the session of 1891 to the Assembly. The 114th New York State Legislature met from January 6 to April 30, 1891, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029200-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates\nSmith Mead Weed was a major organizer and financial supporter of the Democratic effort to claim control of the legislature in the 1890 elections. With a small minority in the Senate but a slightly larger majority in the Assembly, the Democrats were positioned to elect one of their own on the legislature's joint ballot. Weed expected to be the Democratic candidate, but agreed to withdraw if Governor David B. Hill desired the nomination. Hill decided to run and Weed withdrew. When the Democratic caucus met on January 19, 74 State legislators attended, and State Senator John C. Jacobs presided. Governor David B. Hill was nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029200-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates\nThe Republican caucus met immediately after the Democratic caucus ended, Assemblyman James W. Husted presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator William M. Evarts unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029200-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 United States Senate election in New York, Result\nOn January 20, both Houses of the State legislature took ballots separately. The incumbent U.S. Senator Evarts was the choice of the State Senate, Gov. Hill the choice of the Assembly. On January 21, both Houses met in joint session, and comparing nominations, found that they disagreed and proceeded to a joint ballot. Gov. Hill was elected by a majority of 2, every member of the Legislature being present.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029200-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 United States Senate election in New York, Aftermath\nThe seat became vacant on March 4, 1891. David B. Hill remained in office as Governor of New York until December 31, 1891, and took his seat only on January 7, 1892, missing actually only one month of session. There were no special sessions during the 52nd United States Congress and the regular session began only on December 7, 1891. Hill served a single term, and remained in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1897. In January 1897, Hill was defeated for re-election by Republican Thomas C. Platt who had been a U.S. Senator briefly in 1881.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029201-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1891 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on January 20, 1891. J. Donald Cameron was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029201-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results\nThe Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 20, 1891, to elect a Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1891. Incumbent Republican J. Donald Cameron, who was elected in an 1877 special election and re-elected in 1879 and 1885, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 59], "content_span": [60, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029202-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1891, in seven states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029202-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 United States gubernatorial elections\nKentucky and Maryland held their gubernatorial elections in odd numbered years, every 4 years, preceding the United States presidential election year. Massachusetts and Rhode Island both elected its governors to a single-year term, which they would abandon in 1920 and 1912, respectively. Iowa and Ohio at this time held gubernatorial elections in every odd numbered year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029202-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 United States gubernatorial elections\nNew York at this time elected its governors to a three-year term. This was the last election in which this was the case, switching to two-year terms from the 1894 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029202-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 United States gubernatorial elections\nIn Kentucky, the gubernatorial election was held in August for the last time; the next gubernatorial election would be held on the same day as federal elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029203-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 VFA season\nThe 1891 Victorian Football Association season was the 15th season of the Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029203-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 VFA season\nThe premiership was won by the Essendon Football Club. It was the first premiership in the club's history, and it was its first premiership out of a sequence of four consecutive premierships won from 1891 to 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029203-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 VFA season, Ladder\nTeams did not play a uniform number of premiership matches during the season. As such, in the final standings, each team's premiership points were adjusted upwards proportionally to represent a 22-match season \u2013 e.g., Essendon played 20 matches, so its tally of premiership points was increased by a factor of 22/20. After this adjustment, there was no formal process for breaking a tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029204-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 VMI Keydets football team\nThe 1891 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in their first season of organized football. In 1873, however, VMI played Washington and Lee in their only game of the season, losing 4\u20132. No coaching or player records are known from that game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029205-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1891 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1891 college football season. The team's head coach and team captain was Elliott H. Jones, who served his second season in that capacity. This was the first year that Vanderbilt had a schedule of opponents other than the school next door to them. Vanderbilt and Sewanee, charter members of the Southern Intercollegiate Conference, play their first game. The rivalry, typically reserved for Thanksgiving Day, continues into World War II. When the series ended in 1944, Vanderbilt owned a 40-8-4 advantage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029205-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, The lost game\nThe 1891 Vanderbilt team had five games scheduled; however, the fourth was Centre College of Danville, KY. The game was set for November 21, 1891, at Nashville\u2019s Athletic Park (later known as Sulphur Dell) at 3 p.m. Vanderbilt called the game due to excessive rain. The Centre team\u2019s hotel bill and the game advertising was for paid by Vanderbilt. The university also paid $45.00 in cash to help pay for their return train fare.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 55], "content_span": [56, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029205-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, The lost game\nVanderbilt opened the short season with a 22-0 win over Sewanee, followed by its first-ever loss, 6-24 to Washington (St. Louis). The Commodores won the rematch at St. Louis, 4-0 and concluded the season by defeating Sewanee again, 26-4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 55], "content_span": [56, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029206-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1891 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia in the 1891 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029207-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Waikato by-election\nThe 1891 Waikato by-election was a by-election held on 6 October 1891 during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the Waikato electorate of Waikato.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029207-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Waikato by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP John Bryce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029207-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Waikato by-election\nThe by-election was won by Edward Lake, who beat former MP William Murray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029208-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Wake Forest Baptists football team\nThe 1891 Wake Forest Baptists football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest College during the 1891 college football season", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029209-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Wallaroo colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Wallaroo on 23 May 1891. This was triggered by the resignation of the former Wallaroo MHA David Bews.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029209-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Wallaroo colonial by-election\nSuccessful candidate Richard Hooper was the first Labor member of the House of Assembly, but was not a member of the newly formed United Labor Party (ULP), instead serving as an Independent Labor member. Although he attended caucus meetings he never joined the ULP. The 1892 East Adelaide by-election saw ULP candidate John McPherson win the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029209-0001-0001", "contents": "1891 Wallaroo colonial by-election\nIt was the first time the ULP had won a seat in the House of Assembly, with electoral success to be followed at the 1893 colonial election, winning 10 of 54 seats and the balance of power, allowing the ULP to support the liberal opposition led by Charles Kingston in defeating the conservative government led by John Downer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029210-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Washington & Jefferson football team\nThe 1891 Washington & Jefferson football team was an American football team that represented Washington & Jefferson College as an independent during the 1891 college football season. Led by R. LeBlanc Lynch in his second and final year as head coach, the team compiled a record of 4\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029211-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Washington Statesmen season\nThe 1891 Washington Statesmen baseball team finished the season with a 44\u201391 record in the American Association in their first season. After the season, the AA disbanded and the Washington club, renamed the \"Senators,\" joined the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029211-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Washington Statesmen season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029211-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Washington Statesmen season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029211-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Washington Statesmen season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029211-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Washington Statesmen season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029211-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Washington Statesmen season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029212-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Waterford City by-election\nThe Waterford City by-election, 1891 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Waterford City on 23 December 1891. It arose as a result of the death of the sitting member, Richard Power of the Irish Parliamentary Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029212-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Waterford City by-election, Background\nThe by-election arose in a period when the Irish Parliamentary Party was still suffering the effects of the split that arose after a majority of its MPs objected to the continued leadership of Charles Stewart Parnell. The anti-Parnellite group had won a series of by-elections against Parnellite candidates, and even though Parnell himself had died the bitter feelings that had arisen meant no reunion of the factions was in prospect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029212-0001-0001", "contents": "1891 Waterford City by-election, Background\nRichard Power had been one of the supporters of Parnell, and when John Redmond, the leading member of the Parnellite group, failed to win the leader's former seat in Cork City, having resigned his own North Wexford seat to do run in the resulting by-election, the Waterford City constituency was a natural choice for a return to Parliament. In municipal elections held the previous month in the city, Parnellites won all four contested seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029212-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Waterford City by-election, The campaign\nAfter Redmond announced that he would stand as Parnellite candidate there were signs that he would be unopposed. Michael Davitt, a prominent member of the Anti- Parnellite group, wrote to the newspapers suggesting there be no opposition 'to make the occasion one of reconciliation and unity' since there would be a general election in the following year, and Archbishop Walsh of Dublin recommended postponing the contest until after the Christmas period. The Parnellites, however, conscious of their strong standing in the constituency, pressed on with their campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029212-0002-0001", "contents": "1891 Waterford City by-election, The campaign\nResponding to Davitt's letter a week later, Redmond stated that  'he had hoped that there was something sincere in the suggestion,' but that 'it had been discarded and a contest was forced on the constituency'. A Mr Keane, a wine merchant, was being proposed as the Anti- Parnellite candidate. It was reported that Davitt had been asked to stand, but had refused.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029212-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Waterford City by-election, The campaign\nEvents took a dramatic turn a few days later, when a large anti-Parnellite meeting was held in the town. When a group of supporters crossed the city's toll bridge they came under attack from Parnellite supporters. \"A general fight ensued\", the Times reported, \"and the factions beat each other in a violent and sometimes brutal manner\". Michael Davitt was struck violently, and blood had to be wiped from his face with handkerchiefs. Hundreds of police had been drafted in, in anticipation of trouble, and had to intervene, \"and batoned each party indiscriminately\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029212-0003-0001", "contents": "1891 Waterford City by-election, The campaign\nWhen Davitt addressed the meeting, he insisted that he had come \"to use what little influence he possessed on the side of quietness, peacefulness and good temper\" but that in response to the day's events he had decided to agree to be the Anti- Parnellite candidate. It was reported that Redmond, on hearing of the assault on Davitt, called at his hotel to express regret at the incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029212-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Waterford City by-election, The campaign\nA key element of the electorate were the working class voters in the city. Redmond, addressing the workers in local bacon-curing factories, told them not to be deceived into thinking Davitt was the candidate of the working man, because he was \"prepared to accept anything that Gladstone and the Liberal Party choose to give\". William O'Brien, addressing a closed meeting of Anti- Parnellite supporters, told them Davitt was \"the candidate of the people's hearts\" and that Redmond and his allies were \"absolutely dependent on the Tories\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029212-0004-0001", "contents": "1891 Waterford City by-election, The campaign\nThe next day, when Davitt wanted to address workers in the city's pork cellars, they closed the gates and refused to meet him. Nevertheless, he announced that the promises of support he had received led him to believe he would be returned with a large majority. It was reported that the police had reduced their presence as they did not expect a repeat of the earlier violence. There were accounts that Davitt and his supporters were having difficulty getting rooms in which to have meetings, and that trade union premises and working men's clubs were closed to him. It was difficult to get local men to work on his campaign, and had to depend on clerical support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029212-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Waterford City by-election, The voting\nOn the eve of polling, Davitt told the press he expected a majority of up to 100 votes; Redmond announced that he was expecting a majority of around 500, \"and allows for 800 broken promises\". The Times predicted a Redmond victory, though with a smaller majority, and observed that \"it was not unusual during the progress of this election campaign to find the people hiss the priests as they conducted a canvass\". Redmond's estimates turned out to be accurate: when the votes were counted, he had won 1,775 votes and Davitt had 1,229, a Parnellite majority of 546.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029213-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Wellington colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Wellington on 29 May 1891 because of the death of David Ferguson (Protectionist).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029213-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Wellington colonial by-election, Candidates\nBoth O'Halloran and Riddel claimed to represent the Labour Party and engaged in a public dispute as to who had been chosen by the unions to represent the workers of Wellington. Antony Green labeled O'Halloran as a Protectionist and Riddel as a Free Trader, which reflects their positions on the fiscal issue, one of the issues which would divide the Labour Party following the 1891 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029213-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Wellington colonial by-election, Aftermath\nYork did not get to take his seat as parliament was prorogued the day after the declaration of the poll, and dissolved on 6 June for a general election. York, Quirk and O'Halloran each contested the election on 20 June, with similar results, York was elected with a slightly increased margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029214-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 West Derbyshire by-election\nThe West Derbyshire by-election, 1891 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of West Derbyshire on 2 June 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029214-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 West Derbyshire by-election, Vacancy\nThe vacancy was caused by the death, on 18 May 1891, from pneumonia following a bout of influenza of the sitting Liberal Unionist MP,  Lord Edward Cavendish. Cavendish was a younger son of the Duke of Devonshire. Lord Cavendish had held the West Derbyshire seat, which was historically associated with the family of the Dukes of Devonshire, since its creation in 1885 first as a Liberal but after 1886, at which election he was returned unopposed, as a Liberal Unionist. Cavendish had also previously served as Liberal MP for East Sussex from 1865 \u2013 1868 and for North Derbyshire from 1880\u2013 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029214-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 West Derbyshire by-election, Candidates\nAt first it appeared that the by-election arising from Cavendish\u2019s death would be contested. It was reported that the Liberal Unionists had approached Lord Edward\u2019s son, the Hon.Victor Cavendish to take over from his father and that the Conservatives were also considering putting forward a candidate, Mr F C Arkwright of Willersley Castle, who had been Lord Edward\u2019s opponent in 1885. In the end however the Tories did not follow up this suggestion and Arkwright himself was one of the signatories to Cavendish\u2019s nomination papers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029214-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 West Derbyshire by-election, Candidates\nVictor Cavendish quickly assented to run as his father\u2019s successor as a Liberal Unionist and very much in his father\u2019s shoes, identifying his political outlook and policy considerations as those previously held by Lord Edward. He stood, he said, for those principles of progress which his family had always supported, many measures of Liberal progress having been carried forward by the current Unionist government, with whose foreign policies he stated he was in complete agreement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029214-0003-0001", "contents": "1891 West Derbyshire by-election, Candidates\nIn his address to the electorate, he placed himself within the Liberal, rather than the Conservative political tradition, but regretted the route the Gladstonian majority of the Liberal Party had chosen in seeking to identify the cause of Liberalism with what he described as constitutional changes inconsistent with the supremacy of Parliament, i.e. Irish Home Rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029214-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 West Derbyshire by-election, Candidates\nThe Liberal Party had no candidate in the field and it was not expected they would wish to contest the election. However it was reported that the Liberals in Matlock were keen to fight the seat and proposed to consult with Francis Schnadhorst, the well-known Liberal organiser in the days of the Birmingham caucus and since 1877 secretary of the National Liberal Federation. There was no apparent enthusiasm amongst Gladstonian Liberals in London to engage in a contest however, on the contrary it was reported they wished to avoid an election at that time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029214-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 West Derbyshire by-election, Candidates\nNevertheless, Cavendish proceeded as if there would be a contested election, his agent arranging a series of public meetings in the constituency with guest speakers including Edward Heneage, Liberal Unionist MP for Great Grimsby and Sir Henry James, the MP for Bury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029214-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 West Derbyshire by-election, The result\nThe writ of election was received at Derby on 26 May and nomination day was set for 2 June at Bakewell Town Hall. Eight nomination papers were submitted for Cavendish and there being no other nominations he was therefore returned unopposed. He took his seat in the House of Commons on 8 June 1891 and represented West Derbyshire until 1908 when he succeeded to the peerage as  the 9th Duke of Devonshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029215-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 West Virginia Mountaineers football team\nThe 1891 West Virginia Mountaineers football team represented West Virginia University in the 1891 college football season. Led by Frederick Lincoln Emory in his first and only year as the Mountaineers' head coach, this was the first West Virginia Mountaineers football team. They lost the only game they played Washington & Jefferson, 72\u20130, at the Show Lot in Morgantown, West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029216-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Western Reserve football team\nThe 1891 Western Reserve football team represented Adelbert College of Western Reserve University\u2014now known as Case Western Reserve University\u2014in the American city of Cleveland, Ohio, during the 1891 college football season. The team outscored opponents by a combined 160\u201342, led by star players Billy Stage and Tug Wilson. Also playing end for the team was Scott Stewart. In the short lived conference, the team was a perfect 4\u20130 in the Ohio Intercollegiate Athletic Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029216-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Western Reserve football team\nDuring the final game of the season, in the first ever match up against rival Case School of Applied Science, William Rhodes of Yale and Edward M. Tillinghast of the Cleveland Athletic Club, were the team's first ever coaches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team\nThe 1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team was an American football team that represented the Western University of Pennsylvania (now known as the University of Pittsburgh) as an independent during the 1891 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap\nThe Western University of Pennsylvania played an eight-game schedule for its second season of intercollegiate football. Joseph Griggs was the team captain. The team compiled a 2\u20136 record and was outscored by a total of 102 to 74.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 67], "content_span": [68, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at East End Gymnasium Club\nThe opening game of the season was played as part of the East End Gymnasium Club sports field meeting. The meet opened with a track meet and bicycle race. WUP footballers W. Gill, Anson McGrew, Frank Rhea, and Dudley DuBarry competed in the track events. The football game between the Western University and East End eleven was the last attraction of the day. The East Enders won 4\u20130. The Pittsburgh Dispatch had the best recap:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 97], "content_span": [98, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at East End Gymnasium Club\n\"The football game was exciting, DuBarry doing well for the Western University. Procter and Martin did well for the Gyms, and Coates did good work also. Both teams showed lack of practice. The ladies enjoyed the game. O. D. Thomson acted ably as referee.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 97], "content_span": [98, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at East End Gymnasium Club\nThe WUP starting lineup for the East Ends game was Frank Rhea (center), Anson McGrew (right guard), George Neale (left guard), H. T. Welty (right tackle), Harry Calvert (left tackle), Harvey Evans (right end), Dudley DuBarry (left end), W. Gill (right halfback), Joseph Griggs (left halfback), Gardner Steele (fullback) and Bert Smyers (quarterback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 97], "content_span": [98, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Washington & Jefferson\nThe second game, on October 10, was a road trip to Washington, Pennsylvania to take on Washington & Jefferson. According to the Pittsburgh Press \"The Washington and Jefferson boys had their own way and pushed their opponents all over the field. The score was 40 to 6 in Washington's favor.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 96], "content_span": [97, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Washington & Jefferson\nThe WUP starting lineup for the Washington & Jefferson game was Frank Rhea (center), Anson McGrew (right guard), George Neale (left guard), H. T. Welty (right tackle), Harry Calvert (left tackle), Harvey Evans (right end), Dudley DuBarry (left end), W. Gill (right halfback), Joseph Griggs (left halfback), Gardner Steele (fullback) and Bert Smyers (quarterback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 96], "content_span": [97, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Geneva\nThe game Oct. 17, 1891 at Beaver Falls versus the Geneva Covenanters was decided in the first five minutes. William Gill scored a touchdown and Joseph Griggs added the goal after making it 6\u20130 in favor of the WUPs. The WUP contingent was outweighed but they kept the Covenanters out of the end zone. The ball carrying of Griggs and the kicking of Steele were the highlights of note for the Westerns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 80], "content_span": [81, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0008-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Western Pennsylvania Medical College\nThe Western Pennsylvania Medical College eleven were no match for the WUPs on Oct. 24 as they allowed the Universities to score eleven touchdowns and five kicks for goal. This was the second game for the Meds and their lack of fitness and game experience allowed the WUPs to run up the score. Halfback Gill was the leading ground gainer. The final tally read 54\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 107], "content_span": [108, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0009-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Western Pennsylvania Medical College\nThe WUP lineup for the game against the Western Penn. Medical College was Frank Rhea (center), Anson McGrew (right guard), Charles Close (left guard), George Neale (left tackle), Harry Calvert (right tackle), Harvey Evans (right end), Dudley DuBarry (left end), W. Gill (right halfback), Joseph Griggs (left halfback), Gardner Steele (fullback) and Bert Smyers (quarterback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 107], "content_span": [108, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0010-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Geneva\nOn the second trip to Beaver Falls on Oct. 31, the Covenanters were victorious. The first half was evenly matched as Geneva scored a touchdown and kicked the goal after. The WUPs countered by also scoring a touchdown but they missed the goal kick. The halftime score read 6\u20134 in favor of the Covies. The weight advantage of the college men and a driving rain enabled the Geneva eleven to outscore the WUPs 6\u20130 in the second half for a final score of 12\u20134. The Universities lost three men to injury with Lineman A. B. McGrew's broken rib being the most crucial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 80], "content_span": [81, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0011-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at East End Gymnasium Club\nOn November 7, the Western University played the East End Gymnasium Club team at Liberty Park in a rematch of the opening game of the season. This time the Gyms showed why they were considered one of the premier football clubs in western Pennsylvania. The Gyms took the opening possession and Proctor scored a touchdown on the fifth play of the game. The try for goal kick after failed. With the WUPs in possession, Neale gained 25 yards, but the drive stalled and the Gyms offense took over. They scored another touchdown and missed the kick. The WUPs offense advanced the ball with short runs by Rhea, Gill and Calvert to midfield but lost the ball on downs. The Gyms offense succeeded in scoring again and the goal kick was successful making the halftime score 14\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 97], "content_span": [98, 867]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0012-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at East End Gymnasium Club\nThe second half mirrored the first as the WUPs offense was able to move the ball at times but would eventually stall and the Gyms offense would capitalize on every opportunity. Proctor, Kirchner and Martin were the stars for the Gyms, while DuBarry, Neale and Steele played well for the WUPs. The final score was 24\u20130 in favor of the Gyms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 97], "content_span": [98, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0013-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at East End Gymnasium Club\nThe WUP lineup for the game against East Ends was Frank Rhea (center), Anson McGrew (right guard), Charles Close (left guard), George Neale (left tackle), Harry Calvert (right tackle), Harvey Evans (right end), Dudley DuBarry (left end), W. Gill (right halfback), George Calvert (left halfback), Gardner Steele (fullback) and Bert Smyers (quarterback). Frank Rhea was injured and replaced by H.T. Welty at center.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 97], "content_span": [98, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0014-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Geneva\nOn November 21, the third game of the season between the WUPs and Geneva College took place on the East End Gymnasium grounds. The rubber match was hotly contested and a dispute took center stage. The WUPs traded possessions with Geneva early in the first half and then Gill assumed he had made a touchdown for WUP. However, the referee claimed Gill was out of bounds. An argument ensued and the disgruntled Westerns returned to the field of play. The defenses of both teams played well as neither team was able to score before halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 77], "content_span": [78, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0015-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Geneva\nSterrett of the Genevas scored a touchdown early in the second half and the goal kick after was successful. With ninety seconds remaining the University boys drove the ball deep into Geneva territory and with a final push scored a touchdown. The goal kick after failed and Geneva won 6\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 77], "content_span": [78, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0016-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Geneva\nThe WUP lineup for the Geneva game was Frank Rhea (left guard), Anson McGrew (right guard), H.T. Welty (center), George Neale (left tackle), Harry Calvert (right tackle), Harvey Evans (right end), Dudley DuBarry (left end), W. Gill (right halfback), Joseph Griggs (left halfback), Gardner Steele (fullback) and Bert Smyers (quarterback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 77], "content_span": [78, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0017-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Indiana Normal\nThe Western University of Pennsylvania closed its second season of football in Indiana, Pennsylvania against the eleven of the Indiana Normal Schoolon Thanksgiving Day. Fiscus, the halfback for Normal, was the star of the day as he scored three touchdowns to lead the Normal School to a 16\u20130 victory. Heusel also scored a touchdown. The WUPs finished the season with a 2\u20136 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 88], "content_span": [89, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029217-0018-0000", "contents": "1891 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Roster\nThe roster of the 1891 Western University of Football team:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 61], "content_span": [62, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029218-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1891 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 29 June until 9 July. It was the 15th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1891. There were 22 competitors for the men's singles. Wilfred Baddeley was 19 years, 5 months and 23 days old when he won the men's singles final on 4 July. The ladies' singles and men's doubles were held after the men's singles had been completed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029218-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Gentlemen's Doubles\nHerbert Baddeley /  Wilfred Baddeley defeated  Joshua Pim /  Frank Stoker, 6\u20131, 6\u20133, 1\u20136, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029219-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Doubles\nHerbert Baddeley and Wilfred Baddeley defeated Harry Barlow and Ernest Renshaw 4\u20136, 6\u20134, 7\u20135, 0\u20136, 6\u20132 in the All Comers' Final, and then defeated the reigning champions Joshua Pim and Frank Stoker 6\u20131, 6\u20133, 1\u20136, 6\u20132 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1891 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029220-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Singles\nWilfred Baddeley defeated Joshua Pim 6\u20134, 1\u20136, 7\u20135, 6\u20130 in the All Comers' Final to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1891 Wimbledon Championships. The reigning champion, Willoughby Hamilton, did not defend his title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029221-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Ladies' Singles\nLottie Dod defeated Blanche Hillyard 6\u20132, 6\u20131 in the All Comers' Final to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1891 Wimbledon Championships. The reigning champion Lena Rice did not defend her title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029222-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Wisbech by-election\nThe 1891 Wisbech by-election was held on 23 July 1891 after the incumbent Conservative MP, Charles William Selwyn retired due to poor health. He had previously informed his local Conservative Association that his health would not allow him to undertake a contested election. and he died in 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029222-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Wisbech by-election\nThe seat was won by the Liberal candidate Arthur Brand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029223-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1891 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1891 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029224-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 World Allround Speed Skating Championships\nThe 1891 World Allround Speed Skating Championships took place at 6 and 7 January at the ice rink Museumplein in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It's an unofficial championship because there was no International Skating Union (ISU is founded in 1892)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029224-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 World Allround Speed Skating Championships\nFour distances were skated at the World Championship, the \u00bd mile (850 meter), the 1 mile (1609 meter),  the 2 miles (3219 meter) and the 5 miles (8047 meter). One became champion if one won three of the four distances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029224-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 World Allround Speed Skating Championships\nThe American Joe Donoghue won all the four distances and became the first World allround champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029224-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 World Allround Speed Skating Championships, Rules\nOne could only win the World Championships by winning at three of the four distances, so there would be no World Champion if no skater won three distances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029224-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 World Allround Speed Skating Championships, Rules\nThe winner of the \u00bd mile was decided by a final of the best four skaters of the distance. If the same time was skated a skate-off is skated to decide the ranking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029225-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1891 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1891 college football season. The team finished with a 13\u20130 record and a 488-0 season score. It was retroactively named as the national champion by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis. Yale's 1891 season was part of a 37-game winning streak that began with the final game of the 1890 season and stopped at the end of the 1893 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029225-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 Yale Bulldogs football team\nFive Yale players were selected by Caspar Whitney to the 1891 All-America college football team: halfback and team captain Lee McClung; ends Frank Hinkey and John A. Hartwell; tackle Wallace Winter; and guard Pudge Heffelfinger. Camp also selected the following Yale players to his second team: quarterback Frank Barbour; halfback Laurie Bliss; guard Samuel Morison; and center George Sanford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029225-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, YMCA Training School\nOn October 14, 1891, Yale defeated the team from the YMCA Training School by a score of 28\u20130 before a crowd of 500 persons at Yale Field in New Haven, Connecticut. Yale alumnus Amos Alonzo Stagg was the coach of the YMCA team and also played at the halfback position. Pudge Heffelfinger scored three touchdowns, and Lee McClung kicked three goals after touchdown. Halfback and team captain Lee McClung suffered a broken thumb in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029226-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 college football season\nThe 1891 college football season was the season of American football played among colleges and universities in the United States during the 1891\u201392 academic year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029226-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 college football season\nThe 1891 Yale Bulldogs football team, led by head coach Walter Camp, compiled a perfect 13\u20130 record, outscored opponents by a total of 488 to 0, and has been recognized as the national champion by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis. Yale's 1891 season was part of a 37-game winning streak that began at the end of the 1890 season and continued into the 1893 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029226-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 college football season\nIn the Midwest, Kansas led the way with a 7\u20130\u20131 record. In the South, Trinity (now known as Duke) was recognized as the champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029226-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 college football season\nTen of the eleven players selected by Caspar Whitney to the 1891 All-America college football team came from the Big Three (Yale, Harvard, and Princeton). The eleventh player was center John Adams from Penn. Five of the honorees have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame: quarterback Philip King (Princeton), halfback Lee McClung (Yale), end Frank Hinkey (Yale), tackle Marshall Newell (Harvard), and guard Pudge Heffelfinger (Yale).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029226-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 college football season, Conference standings\nThe following is a potentially incomplete list of conference standings:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029227-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in Argentine football\n1891 in Argentine football saw the first ever Argentine championship which was run by the Association Argentine Football (AAF) making Argentina's the oldest football league outside mainland Britain. This tournament was organized by the Argentine Association Football League which president was F.L. Wooley. This league only lasted one season, so in 1892 no championship was held. In 1893 other Association with the same name would be established by Alexander Watson Hutton becoming current Argentine Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029227-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 in Argentine football\nAt the end of the season, St. Andrew's and Old Caledonians finished at the top position with 13 points each. They were declared joint champions, but played a playoff match to decide which team got to keep the medals, being St. Andrew's the winner. Nevertheless, the Argentine Football Association website only mentions St. Andrew's as the first champion ever, although the body (established in 1893) did not organised the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029227-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 in Argentine football, Primera divisi\u00f3n\nThe championship took the format of a league of 5 teams, with each team playing the other twice. Many of the results of individual games have been lost, hence the lack of goals for and against in the table below. Hurlingham registered in the tournament but did not take part of the same.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 44], "content_span": [45, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029227-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 in Argentine football, Primera divisi\u00f3n, Playoff game\nThis match was played to decide which team got to keep the medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 58], "content_span": [59, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029228-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1891 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029229-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029229-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1891 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029229-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1891 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029230-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in Australian soccer\nThe 1891 season was the eighth season of competitive association football in Australia. The were two league competitions and two cup competitions fielded by Northern District British Football Association (Northern NSW) and the South British Football Soccer Association (New South Wales).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029230-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 in Australian soccer, Cup competitions\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 43], "content_span": [44, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029234-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in Canada, Historical documents\nResidential school principal says teaching Gospel and how to live better compensates for robbing and half-starving Indigenous people", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029234-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 in Canada, Historical documents\nPoster: Conservatives campaign against reciprocity with United States as destructive of industry nurtured by Canada's National Policy", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029234-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 in Canada, Historical documents\nDeath of Prime Minister Macdonald, Conservative Party's \"tyrannical master,\" leaves power vacuum", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029234-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 in Canada, Historical documents\nImprisonment of ejected MP Thomas McGreevy strikes at pernicious level of corruption in public contracts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029234-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 in Canada, Historical documents\nBilingual English and Chinook periodical is published to improve Indigenous people's literacy", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029234-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 in Canada, Historical documents\nFederal bill aligns Canada with international time system based on global time zones and Greenwich, England time", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029234-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 in Canada, Historical documents\nCalm messenger pigeons by replacing trap-door entrance (which scares birds) and long roosting rail (on which they fight) in their loft", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029235-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1891\nOn December 19, 1891, the Canadian Rugby (football) Union was formed as the new governing body of football in Canada. The CRU replaced the old CRFU of 1884-1887 and was to last until the birth of the Canadian Football League in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029235-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1891\nMcGill beat Bishop's College 38-8 in an exhibition game on October 3, in Montreal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029235-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1891, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 89], "content_span": [90, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029235-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 in Canadian football, Dominion Championship\n1891 Dominion Championship Game: Montreal AAA Grounds - Montreal, Quebec", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029246-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1891 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029246-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nFollowing their victory in the 1890 election the Liberal Government forms the 11th New Zealand Parliament, taking office on 24 January. This is the first time a single political party forms a government in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029246-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nThe new Liberal Government restricts future terms of appointment to the Legislative Council to 7 years. Previous appointments have been for life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029246-0003-0000", "contents": "1891 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Parliamentary opposition\nLeader of the Opposition \u2013 John Ballance (Liberal Party) until 23 June, then John Bryce (Independent) until 31 August, then  William Rolleston (Independent).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029246-0004-0000", "contents": "1891 in New Zealand, Sport, Athletics\nThe 440 yards hurdles is held for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029246-0005-0000", "contents": "1891 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nDissatisfied with their remoteness from the national association the North Island clubs and those from Nelson form a separate Northern Bowling Association. National Champions", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029246-0006-0000", "contents": "1891 in New Zealand, Sport, Polo\nThe New Zealand Polo Association is formed from clubs in Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Rangitikei, North Canterbury and Waikari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029246-0007-0000", "contents": "1891 in New Zealand, Sport, Soccer\nProvincial Champions: \u2013 This is the first year any provincial championship is recorded. Auckland commenced in 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029247-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in Norway, Arts and literature\nTired Men (or Weary Men) by Arne Garborg is published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029248-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1891 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029252-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1891 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029252-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 in South Africa, Railways, Locomotives\nTwo new 3\u00a0ft\u00a06\u00a0in (1,067\u00a0mm) Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the Cape Government Railways (CGR):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029254-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1891 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029256-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in architecture\nThe year 1891 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029258-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1891 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029259-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1891  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029260-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in basketball\nThe following are the basketball events of the year 1891  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029261-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in film\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1891 in film, including a list of films released and notable births.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029262-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029264-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in organized crime, Deaths\nEleven people were lynched on March 14, 1891, for their alleged role in the murder of David Hennessy, which was widely believed at the time to be a Mafia assassination. This claim has since been disputed by some historians. Several of the lynch victims had been tried and acquitted, and some had not been tried. See March 14, 1891 lynchings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029265-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029265-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 in paleontology, Arthropods, Newly named insects\nFossil myrmicine ant, moved to Erebomyrma antiqua in 1915 Synonym of Carebara antiqua", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029265-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named dinosaurs\nType species S. flabellatus Junior subjective synonym of Triceratops horridus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 61], "content_span": [62, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029266-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029266-0001-0000", "contents": "1891 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029266-0002-0000", "contents": "1891 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029267-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029268-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in science\nThe year 1891 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029269-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in sports\n1891 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029270-0000-0000", "contents": "1891 in the Congo Free State\nThe following lists events that happened during 1891 in the Congo Free State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029273-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ardwick A.F.C. season\nThe 1891\u201392 season was Ardwick A.F.C. 's first ever season of league football, joining the Football Alliance in its third and final year of existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029274-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Aston Villa F.C. season\nAston Villa made a storming start to the 1891\u201392 English Football League season, winning their first four games and scoring sixteen goals in the process. They eventually finished a much-improved fourth in The Football League and created history by defeating Accrington 12-2 (still a club record for a league game). Bizarrely, Villa didn't draw a single game all season!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029274-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Aston Villa F.C. season\nIt was the FA Cup, however, which retained the most excitement for supporters. Villa dispatched Heanor Town F.C., Darwen, local rivals Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. and Sunderland to reach their second final at The Oval. Villa were matched against their fierce Warwickshire rivals West Bromwich Albion F.C. in a repeat of Villa's triumphant 1887 FA Cup Final. Unlike in 1887, however, Villa started as strong favourites. They had already comfortably beaten Albion home and away in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029274-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Aston Villa F.C. season\nIt was with some consternation then that the large crowd assembled at Birmingham New Street station to hear the result learned that Villa had been defeated 3\u20130. After the game rumours circulated that Villa's goalkeeper, Jimmy Warner, had thrown the match. Every window in his pub in Spring Hill, Birmingham was smashed by an angry mob. Despite his probable innocence, Warner was scapegoated and never played for Villa again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029274-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Aston Villa F.C. season\nDespite the Cup final heart-break Villa had stumbled upon the nucleus of its most dominant side ever. With stars like James Cowan, Charlie Athersmith and John Devey, Villa were now in a much stronger position to challenge for supremacy of English football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029275-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 British Home Championship\nThe 1891\u201392 British Home Championship was an edition of the annual international football tournament played between the British Home Nations. It was won by England who won all three games against their rivals, even though they played two games on the same day against Wales and Ireland, providing a team of amateur players for the Welsh match and professionals against Ireland, both teams forging solid 2\u20130 victories. Scotland came second, winning their matches against Wales and Ireland, who shared third place after drawing with one another.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029275-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 British Home Championship\nEngland's double victories came shortly after the Welsh-Irish draw in Bangor and it gave them an immediate advantage over their opponents. The Scottish team then played their games, narrowly beating Ireland in Belfast and defeating Wales by a crushing 6\u20131 scoreline to equal England's points tally and become favourites. In the final match at Glasgow, England and Scotland played out a decider which England won easily, scoring four early goals to which Scotland could only reply with a single goal of their own.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029276-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Burnley F.C. season\nThe 1891\u201392 season was the tenth season in the history of Burnley Football Club and their fourth in The Football League. It was, up to that point, their most successful League season as the team finished in seventh place, with a record of 11 wins, 4 draws and 11 defeats. The top goalscorer was Scottish forward Tom Nicol, who scored 18 goals in 27 league and cup matches, while fellow Scot Alexander McLardie was the runner-up with 10 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029277-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1891\u201392 season was Burslem Port Vale's second successive season in the Midland League. They managed to finish third in the table and were rewarded with a place in the Football League for the following season, justifying the club's decision to refuse to listen to offers for star forward Frank McGinnes. They also reached the semi-finals of the Staffordshire Senior Cup and won the North Staffordshire Challenge Cup, though exited the FA Cup and Birmingham Senior Cup at the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029277-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Midland League\nIn preparation for the new Midland League campaign, Burslem Port Vale signed winger Jimmy Scarratt from Wellington St. George's and prepared a new kit of red jerseys with grey kickers \u2013 the uniforms were made by Mrs Danks, the secretary's wife. They failed to bring good fortune in the opening league game however, a 3\u20132 defeat at home to Burton Wanderers. After the game the club also signed a new outside-right, G McHarg. Though he had little impact on the first-team, they managed to record a 7\u20131 victory over Loughborough Town, with Frank McGinnes claiming a hat-trick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029277-0001-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Midland League\nThey followed this with a 4\u20130 win over Doncaster Rovers, despite McGinnis missing the first ever penalty shot awarded  at the Athletic Ground and McHarg being criticised for over-dribbling. The team settled into their usual pattern of winning at home but losing away, losing on the road five times whilst winning all but one of their remaining home fixtures. The first run to end was their away form, as they won 2\u20131 at Loughborough Town and then won their final two away matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029277-0001-0002", "contents": "1891\u201392 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Midland League\nThe turn around in away form, coupled with continuing home victories, took the club from ninth (of eleven teams) in January to third by the end of the season. Alarmingly though only 150 spectators turned out to witness the final day victory over Leicester Fosse on 28 April, causing the club to make a loss on the game after marketing costs were deducted. Potteries derby rivals Stoke meanwhile were keen to take McGinnis to the Football League First Division, but Vale resisted all attempts to sign him, rejecting a bid of \u00a330.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029277-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nVale failed to transfer their league form to the FA Cup, bowing out at the first qualification round after losing 4\u20132 to Burton Wanderers. They entered the Birmingham Senior Cup, but faced tough opposition in Aston Villa in the first round and were beaten 5\u20132. They fared better in the Staffordshire Senior Cup, avenging Burton Wanderers with a 4\u20130 victory despite a slow start to the game. In the next round they overcame Walsall Town Swifts after a replay, but fell to a 4\u20131 defeat to Burton Swifts in the semi-finals. They managed to end the season by taking home the North Staffordshire Challenge Cup outright, beating Stoke 2\u20130 despite McGinnis being sent off for \"foul charging\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 65], "content_span": [66, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029278-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Celtic F.C. season\nThe 1891\u201392 season was the fourth season of football by Celtic, this marked the second season where Celtic took part in the Scottish Football League, they also competed in the Scottish Cup, Glasgow Merchants Charity Cup and Glasgow Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1891\u201392 season was the 19th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level, entering the Scottish Football League and the Scottish Cup. In addition Dumbarton played in the Dumbartonshire Cup, the Glasgow Charity Cup and the Greenock and District Charity Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season\nDumbarton entered season 1891-92 as the defending league champions, with an almost unchanged side. The battle between professionalism and amateurism in football still raged, but for now playing for the love of the game still won in Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nThe season opened on 8 August with a trip to the borders, where a friendly 3-3 draw was played against 5th KRV. A further pre-season friendly was played 4 days later at Airdrie \u2013 a 2-0 reverse being suffered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nThe league campaign opened on 15 August, with an away fixture against Cambuslang. The team turned out as follows: McLeod (goal); Watson and McMillan (full backs); Lang, Boyle and Keir (half backs); Taylor, W. Bell, J. Miller, Thomson and J. Bell (forwards). Taylor was the first to score for the Sons after 20 minutes and Thomson followed before the interval. The second half was evenly contested and the game finished 2-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0004-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nA week later, the unfurling of the (joint) league champions flag was celebrated at Boghead where Abercorn were the visitors on league duty. The places of Watson, Lang and W. Bell were taken by A. Miller, John Gillan and McNaught respectively. Bell netted his first goal of the season in five minutes and three more followed by half time \u2013 with Abercorn missing a penalty. In the second half it was more of the same with the final score being 8-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0005-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nOn 29 August the two unbeaten sides in the league so far met, as Hearts took on Dumbarton at Tynecastle. A full strength side took to the field as Watson and Galbraith returned to the side. The Sons got off to a good start and an early \u2018goal\u2019 was ruled out for offside. Hearts then came more into the game and scored first, though Dumbarton equalised from an own goal before half time. Early in the second half the visitors \u2018scored\u2019 again but the referee did not see the ball cross the line. Luck wasn't with the Sons and Hearts took advantage with a quick brace, the second being a Miller own goal \u2013 leaving the final score at 3-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0006-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nThe result left Hearts on top of the table, with Dumbarton and Celtic leading the chase 2 points behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0007-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nOn 5 September, Dumbarton travelled to Ibrox to play last season's joint champions Rangers in a league fixture. Only one change was made with Thomson coming back in place of Galbraith. The Sons were ahead within 10 minutes from a Taylor goal, and just a minute later the same player made it two, with the hat trick being completed after 15 minutes. Rangers were a disappointing lot and it wasn't till late on that they scored a consolation goal leaving the result at 3-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0008-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nA week later Leith Athletic were visitors to Boghead in their league encounter. Miller failed to appear and was replaced by McDonald with Galbraith coming in for McMillan. Taylor continued his recent goal scoring form by having the Sons two. The other Dumbarton forwards decided to join in the second half with Miller(2); McNaught and Bell completing a 6-0 thrashing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0009-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nHearts, the early league pace setters, played their return league fixture against Dumbarton at Boghead on 19 September. Miller and Thomson returned to the side. The Sons were quickest off the mark and McNaught had the home side ahead within nine minutes. Miller and Bell made it three before 15 minutes had passed. Bell then scored again before Hearts got one back \u2013 4-1 after 20 minutes. Understandably the pace of the game dropped and there were no more goals before the interval. Watson had been injured in the first half and had retired for a time, and although he returned in the second half he was clearly unfit. Nevertheless, it was not until two minutes from the final whistle that Miller scored the last goal of the game for a 5-1 thumping.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 811]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0010-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nOn 26 September Dumbarton were at Celtic Park to play off a league fixture. Watson had not recovered from his injury and was replaced by McDonald. Both teams played a fast and exciting game and despite chances falling to both the interval was reached goalless. It only took five minutes however for Celtic to take the lead in the second half and while the Sons had numerous attempts at equalising, they came to nothing and in the end the Celts scored a second just on full-time being called.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0011-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nSo the end of September still saw Hearts in the lead with 13 points, 3 points ahead of the chasing pack of Celtic, Dumbarton and Leith Athletic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0012-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nAt the beginning of the season a Canadian international touring side played a series of matches in the UK. One of these was against a Scotland XI on 3 October at Ibrox Park. John McLeod and John Bell played in the 5-1 win for the Scots, with Bell scoring two of the goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0013-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nOn the same day Dumbarton visited county neighbours, Vale of Leven, on league business. In addition to the missing personnel from the representative match Taylor's place was taken by a trialist. A goal from Miller after 40 minutes was all that separated the teams at half time. A penalty brought Vale level but an own goal shortly before the end provided the Sons with a 2-1 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0014-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nA free week was followed on 17 October with a home league fixture against Third Lanark. McLeod returned to the team but Watson and Bell were absent. Nevertheless, the weakened team played well and goals in each half by Miller were enough for a 2-0 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0015-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nSt Mirren were the next visitors to Boghead on 24 October where an unchanged side was fielded by Dumbarton. Taylor and Miller (his fourth goal in three games) had the Sons two ahead by the interval. In the second half Taylor scored again before the saints got one back. A converted penalty kick by McMillan made it four before a late St Mirren flurry saw the final score being 4-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0016-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nOn the last day of the month the Sons travelled to Edinburgh to play the return league fixture against Leith Athletic. Bell returned but Taylor and Miller were missing from the team. Bell wasted no time in adding to his goal tally by scoring Dumbarton's first in 10 minutes. This was the position until Leith evened up matters midway through the second half but a McMillan strike and an own goal made the points safe for the Sons in a 3-1 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0017-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nAt the end of the month, with another 4 victories secured, Dumbarton were still in second place with 18 points from 11 games \u2013 a point behind Hearts but crucially 2 games in hand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0018-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nThe month began with a visit to county neighbours Renton for a league fixture on 7 November. Taylor returned but Galbriaith dropped out. Thomson and McMillan had the Sons two ahead after 35 minutes but Renton got one back before half time. An equaliser was scored midway through the second half but Taylor notched the winner for Dumbarton and another two points added to the total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0019-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nOn 14 November Clyde were visitors to Boghead. Miller returned at centre forward in an otherwise unchanged side. In what became a fairly one-sided match both Bell and Taylor scored hat tricks in an 8-2 thrashing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0020-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nThe match against St Mirren on 21 November was postponed as Dumbarton were unable to raise a team due to illness and 2nd XI commitments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0021-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nA week later there was a rest from league duty and with the first Scottish Cup encounter. Much on the prompting of Dumbarton officials, a qualifying process had been introduced to the cup competition, and Dumbarton's first appearance was at the fifth round stage. Glasgow Thistle were the opponents at Boghead. McLeod and Richmond were unavailable their places taken by Barr and Smith from the Seconds. Thistle held their own until half time but then goals from Taylor, Bell(2) and Miller carried the Sons through to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0022-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nAt the end of November the positions in the league saw Hearts lead with 21 points from 14 matches, Dumbarton a point behind but with just 12 games and Celtic in third with 16 points from just 9 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0023-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nDecember began with a league visit to Cathkin Park to play Third Lanark with Dumbarton fielding an unchanged side. Thirds started brightly and were two ahead early on \u2013 and had another disallowed for offside. However two goals from Bell brought the teams level before the break. Early in the second half a Thirds man had to retire injured and the Sons took full advantage of the extra man, with Bell completing his hat trick then McNaught and Thomson completing a 5-2 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0024-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nOn 12 December, the league fixture against local rivals Vale of Leven was played at Boghead. Watson was a welcome returnee to the team while McDonald took the place of Keir. Conditions were miserable but Dumbarton played much the better. Taylor scored within seconds of the game starting, then Miller, Thomson and McDonald had the home team four ahead by half time. Another four goals had Dumbarton 8-0 in front with 20 minutes of the second half played and with the weather worsening the Vale captain intimated to the referee that the Vale team surrendered the game to the homesters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0025-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nA week later it was back to Cathkin Park \u2013 but this time on Scottish Cup duty. McLeod and Keir returned to the squad. As in the previous game between the sides Thirds were first to show and were a goal ahead after 20 minutes but McNaught got the Sons back on level terms just on half time. Luck once again deserted Thirds as one of their players retired injured and Taylor scored twice to take full advantage of the extra man. Late in the game Bell had to leave the field after being charged by a Thirds man.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0026-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nThe 26 December saw near neighbours Renton come to Boghead on league duty. Keir was missing from the previous week's team. The game began in atrocious conditions but McNaught had the Sons ahead within 10 minutes. Renton got the equaliser from a scrimmage but before half time Bell made the score 2-1 before half time. Despite efforts from both teams there were no further goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0027-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nThe league positions at the end of the year looked good for Dumbarton \u2013 now ahead with 28 points \u2013 five ahead of Hearts \u2013 but Celtic still posed a real danger, 10 points behind but with 6 games in hand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0028-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nThe New Year began with a visit to Celtic Park in a friendly. Lang replaced Keir in the team with Richmond coming back in place of Smith. A close contest was expected but from the minute that Taylor had the Sons ahead early on it was one-way traffic. Bell, Taylor again and Thomson(2) made it 5-0 by half time. In the second half it was more of the same with Bell getting his second, then McNaught and finally Taylor completing his hat trick for an 8-0 walloping. A day later, Dumbarton met hearts in a friendly at Tynecastle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0028-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nThe only change to the team was the resting of Taylor. In a complete reversal of roles it was the Edinburgh side who dominated proceedings taking a 5-0 lead by the interval. Thomson saved the Sons blushes with a consolation goal in the second half but Hearts increased their tally by two for a 7-1 trouncing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0029-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nThen on 4 January, Dumbarton made the trip up north to face Aberdeen. McLeod and Miller were rested but despite the missing first XI men Dumbarton came away with a fine 6-1 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0030-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nBad weather ensured that little football would be played for most of the month, until 23 January when old rivals Queen's Park came to Boghead for a seventh round Scottish Cup tie. Dumbarton were back to full strength with the return of McLeod. Keir, Taylor and both Millers. Queens opened the scoring after 15 minutes and were two up just before half time. On crossing over the Sons pressed and were rewarded by goals from Boyle then Taylor to claim a 2-2 draw", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0031-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nA week later at Hampden, in front of 15,000 spectators, the replay took place. Dick Hunter of St Mirren took Watson's place at full back. Both sides had chances in the first half but neither team could find the net. However within five minutes of the restart Queens were ahead and three more followed before Taylor scored a consolation goal 13 minutes from time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0032-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, February\nBad winter weather put paid to any play by Dumbarton during February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0033-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, February\nSo the positions in the league at the end of the month were unchanged, other than Celtic closing the gap in third \u2013 now 6 points behind with 4 games in hand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0034-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nA series of international trial matches were held on 5 March to consider selection of teams to represent Scotland in the upcoming Home International Championship - John McLeod, Tom McMillan, Dickie Boyle, John Taylor, John Bell and Willie Thomson all took part.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0035-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nOn 12 March Dumbarton played their first match in six weeks with a semi final tie in the county cup at home against Methlan Park. A number of second XI players were given starts but the long lay-off did not seem to have done the Sons forwards much harm as they raced to a 4-0 lead by half time. In the second half McLeod, who was taking a rare opportunity to show his outfield skills, joined in the scoring melee with a brace and in the end the game ended in a 9-0 rout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0036-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nA week later Dumbarton returned to league duty with a visit to Paisley to play St Mirren. Watson and Taylor were missing, their places taken by Smith and McIndewar. Bell had the Sons two ahead but the Saints got one back before the break. An own goal restored the visitors two goal advantage before the Buddies got another, but it was not enough as Dumbarton ran out 3-2 winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0037-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nOn 26 March John Taylor and William Thomson both earned their first caps for Scotland against Wales, with Thomson scoring a goal in the 6-1 win. At the same time Dumbarton entertained Cambuslang in the league at Boghead. In addition to the internationals, the Sons were also minus McMillan who had decided to retire from the game, and Keir. Bell and Miller put the Sons ahead early but Cambuslang came back to equalise before half time. McLeod, making up for the missing forwards, put Dumbarton ahead again. Another from McLeod and one from Miller made the final score 5-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0038-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nSo having chalked up a further 2 league victories, at the end of March Dumbarton led the table with 32 points with 4 games left to play \u2013 still 5 ahead of Hearts in second \u2013 but more threateningly Celtic in third 9 points behind and with 5 games in hand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0039-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nOn 2 April John Bell  earned his second cap against England, and John McLeod earned his fourth cap in the same game, with Bell scoring Scotland's goal in the 4-1 defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0040-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nA week later Rangers came to Boghead on league business. Unfortunately the referee from Dundee failed to appear and both teams agreed to a Dumbarton official taking his place. Goals from Boyle(2), Taylor and Bell gave the Sons a 4-1 victory, but immediately after the game Rangers protested the result. Rangers reason for the protest was that \u2018Dumbarton had taken then down too far, and that it would be an extremely nice thing if they could get another chance to show their paces\u2019. The protest was subsequently upheld even though it was the Rangers secretary who had suggested that the Dumbarton referee officiate, however the League censured Rangers for \u2018unsportsmanlike behaviour\u2019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0041-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nOn 11 April teams representing the Scottish and English Leagues met at Bolton. John McLeod, Jack Bell, Dickie Boyle and John Taylor all played in the 2-2 draw, in which Bell scored one of the goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0042-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nThe following weekend Dumbarton met Vale of Leven in the Dumbartonshire Cup final at Boghead. A full strength team turned out. Miller had Dumbarton ahead midway through the first half and another goal gained through a scrimmage made the half time score 2-0. There were no further goals and Dumbarton retained the trophy for the fourth successive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0043-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nIn a huge game which would go a long way to deciding the destination of the league title, Celtic visited Dumbarton on 23 April. McDonald was the only change to the side replacing Stewart. A fast and furious game saw no goals by half time but just as it looked as if the game would end in a scoreless draw Miller stepped up to grab the all important goal to provide Dumbarton with a 1-0 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0044-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nHaving taken the massive step of beating their closest challengers, on 30 April Dumbarton travelled to meet Clyde in Glasgow with an unchanged side. In less than a minute Bell had the Sons ahead but it was not to be the easy victory that might have been predicted as Clyde came back with their best performance of the season to record a 4-1 result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0045-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nSo April ended with Dumbarton still ahead with 34 points, with 2 games left to play. Hearts had the same number of points but only had one remaining game, whilst Celtic were on 28 points with 4 games left.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0046-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nOn 4 May the re-run of the protested match against Rangers was played at Boghead. An unchanged side apart from Galbraith taking Taylor's place, turned out determined to show that the first game's result had been no fluke. A Bell hat-trick contributed towards a 6-0 thrashing \u2013 not counting another two \u2018goals\u2019 that were disallowed. This victory ensured a 100% home league record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0047-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nThree days later, Dumbarton went into their final league game knowing that a draw at Abercorn would be sufficient to win the title outright. Taylor was back in his place for the match and while the Abbies led at halftime a Thomson goal made the score 1-1 and this is how it finished. Dumbarton champions again! On 14 May Dumbarton fielded their second XI to begin their defence of the Greenock Charity Cup against Dykebar at Cappielow. The Sons had the greater share of the play and ran out 1-0 winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0048-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nThe following weekend Dumbarton turned out at Ibrox to play Celtic in the semi final of the Glasgow Charity Cup. Dick Hunter of St Mirren guested for the Sons. With a strong wind in their favour Dumbarton bossed the first half although it was not until late in the first half that Miller scored the opener. In the second half however the Celts took full advantage of the elements\u2013 and would gain some revenge for losing the league title by recording a 3-1 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0049-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nThe final game of the season took place on 28 May, with the final of the Greenock Charity Cup against Morton at Cappielow. Again a \u2018scratch\u2019 side was played with only McLeod and Galbraith of the full team present and  a strong Morton side recorded a 4-1 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0050-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nIt was however not the final game for one of the Dumbarton players as on 30 May, a Scottish League XI played a Scottish Alliance XI, with John Miller being selected to play in the 'League' team, scoring twice in the 4-3 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0051-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nOn the same day Dumbarton Rangers won the county Second XI cup with a 6-3 win over Smithston Hibs. With this win the \u2018reserves\u2019 matched the \u2018big\u2019 team by winning a fourth successive county championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0052-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nJack Bell retained his top League topscorer title for second season in succession - scoring 19 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029279-0053-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton reached the semi final of the Scottish Second XI Cup before losing out to Annbank in a replay, but won their fourth successive Dumbartonshire Second XI Cup with a win over Smithston Hibs in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029280-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Eastville Rovers F.C. season\nThe 1891\u201392 season was the ninth to be played by the team that are now known as Bristol Rovers, and their eighth playing under the name Eastville Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029280-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nThis was the last season that the club would spend playing mainly friendly matches, as they would become founder members of the newly-formed Bristol & District Football League (now known as the Western League) in the summer of 1892. The opposition consisted mainly of teams that would also join the league next season, along with Kingswood, Craigmore College, and a Swindon Town \"A\" team. The club's participation in the Gloucestershire Senior Cup saw them reach the semi-final stage: A first-round victory over Craigmore College was followed by defeat by Warmley, both games ending with a 7\u20131 scoreline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029280-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nAfter a year's hiatus the reserve team returned to action, entering the Gloucestershire Junior Cup. After receiving a first-round bye, they beat St Paul's 4\u20130 before suffering a heavy 8\u20131 defeat to St George Reserves in the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029280-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Statistics, Cumulative record\nThe total cumulative record of Eastville Rovers up to the end of the 1891\u201392 season is shown below. This is calculated by adding the numbers in the section above to the total games played up to the end of the last season. Friendly matches are not included in this table, and games held at neutral venues are considered to have been played away from home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029280-0004-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Statistics, Cumulative record\nAs of the summer of 1891, Rovers' competitive matches had all been played in the Gloucestershire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029281-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Everton F.C. season, Regular Football League First team\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029281-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Everton F.C. season, Regular Football League First team\nNumber of League games in which this eleven was fielded = 1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029282-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 FA Cup\nThe 1891\u201392 FA Cup was the 21st staging of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. West Bromwich Albion won the competition, beating Aston Villa 3\u20130 in the final at the Kennington Oval, with Wembley Stadium still 30 years away from being built.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029282-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 FA Cup\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. Some matches, however, might be rescheduled for other days if there were clashes with games for other competitions or the weather was inclement. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029282-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 FA Cup, Qualifying rounds\nFor information on the matches played from the Preliminary Round to the Fourth Qualifying Round, see 1891\u201392 FA Cup qualifying rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 33], "content_span": [34, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029282-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 FA Cup, Results, Semi-finals\nThe original semi-final matches were played on February 27, 1892. Aston Villa comfortably came through their tie with Sunderland 4\u20131 but West Bromwich Albion and Nottingham Forest drew their match 1\u20131. The tie went to a replay, again played at Molineux, but again finished 1\u20131. A second replay was needed to separate the teams, played in Derby and this time West Bromwich Albion came through winners 6\u20132 to reach the final against Aston Villa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029282-0004-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 FA Cup, Results, Final\nThe 1892 FA Cup Final was a football match played on 19 March 1892 at the Kennington Oval. The final was contested by West Bromwich Albion and Aston Villa. West Brom won 3\u20130, with goals from Alf Geddes, Nicholls and John Reynolds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029283-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nThis was the fourth season where the FA Cup, or the Football Association Challenge Cup, used a series of qualifying rounds in order to determine qualifiers for the actual Cup competition itself and the first season that a Preliminary Round was used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029283-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nSee 1891\u201392 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the First Round onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029284-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Football Alliance\nThe 1891\u201392 Football Alliance was the third and final season of the Football Alliance, an association football league which was set up in England as an alternative to the Football League, which had begun in the 1888\u201389 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029284-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Football Alliance\nThree new clubs joined the Football Alliance, following the expansion of the Football League to 14 teams, and the defection of Sunderland Albion to the Northern League. These new teams were Ardwick (later Manchester City), Burton Swifts and Lincoln City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029284-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Football Alliance\nAt the end of the season the Football Alliance was disbanded and merged with the Football League, which was expanded to two divisions. Champions Nottingham Forest together with Newton Heath and The Wednesday were elected to the enlarged sixteen-team First Division. The remaining teams were joined by Northwich Victoria, Burslem Port Vale and Sheffield United to form a twelve-team Second Division. However, Birmingham St George's disbanded at the end of the season due to financial problems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029284-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Football Alliance, Election to the Football League\nTwo new clubs were elected to the Football League in the re-election process. West Bromwich Albion, although finishing in the bottom four teams of the Football League, were not required to seek re-election as they were the FA Cup holders. Two of the other three teams were duly re-elected. As a result, three new teams were elected to the League. The voting went as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 58], "content_span": [59, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029284-0004-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Football Alliance, Election to the Football League\nWhen a second division was later added to the league, Darwen were elected to participate, though they only lasted there a single season, never to appear in the league again. The other teams to participate in the Second Division were drawn from the Football Alliance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 58], "content_span": [59, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029285-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Football League\nThe Football League 1891\u201392 was the fourth season of English league football, and the last season of the football league running in a single division. Sunderland were the winners of the league which was their first ever league success. At the beginning of the season Stoke had left the Football Alliance and rejoined the Football League. Darwen also joined from the Alliance but they conceded 112 goals and finished bottom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029285-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Football League, Final league table\nThe table below is reproduced here in the exact form that it can be found at the  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029285-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Football League, Final league table\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded). In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029285-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Football League, Final league table\nDuring the first five seasons of the league, that is until the season 1893\u201394 re-election process concerned the clubs which finished in the bottom four of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029285-0004-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Football League, Re-election process\nTwo new clubs were elected to the League in the re-election process. West Bromwich Albion, although finishing in the bottom four teams, were not required to seek re-election as they were the FA Cup holders. Two of the other three teams were duly re-elected. As a result, three new teams were elected to the League. The voting went as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029285-0005-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Football League, Re-election process\nWhen the Second Division was added to the league the following year, Darwen were elected to participate, effectively becoming the first club to be relegated from the First Division to the Second Division. The other teams to participate in the Second Division were drawn from the Football Alliance except for Birmingham St. George's, who left and was replaced with Sheffield United of the Northern League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029286-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Football Tournament\nStatistics of the Football Tournament in the 1891/1892 season. The format was slightly unusual in that all games had to have a winner. Therefore, if the match was level after 90 minutes, extra time was played. If the match was still level after extra time, the match was replayed until a winner emerged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029286-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Football Tournament, Overview\nIt was contested by 5 teams, and Akademisk Boldklub won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029287-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nDuring the 1891\u201392 season Hearts competed in the Scottish Football League, the Scottish Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029288-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Irish League\nThe Irish League in season 1891\u20131892 comprised 10 teams, and Linfield F.C. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029289-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Kilmarnock F.C. season\nSeason 1891\u201392 was the 19th season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029289-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Kilmarnock F.C. season, Overview\nKilmarnock were founder members of the Scottish Football Alliance and finished second in its inaugural season. They reached the second round of the Scottish Cup after a 6\u20131 win away to East Stirlingshire but were eliminated after a second replay by Scottish Football League side Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029289-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Kilmarnock F.C. season, Overview\nThe defence of Kilmarnock's Ayrshire Cup win from the previous season began with convincing wins against Lanemark - 5\u20131 at Rugby Park - and Stewarton Cunninghame - 14\u20130 at Standalone Park. The run came to an end after a 4\u20133 home defeat to Annbank in the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029289-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Kilmarnock F.C. season, Overview\nThere was success in the Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup as Kilmarnock lifted the trophy for the third time after defeating Kilmarnock Athletic 5\u20130 in the semi-final and Hurlford 2\u20131 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029290-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Netherlands Football League Championship\nThe Netherlands Football League Championship 1891\u20131892 was contested by six teams from the cities Amsterdam, The Hague, Haarlem and Rotterdam. The teams participated in the competition that would later be called Eerste Klasse West. But since the western football district of the Netherlands was the only one to have a competition at the time, it could be regarded as a national championship. RAP won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029291-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season\nThe 1891\u201392 season was Newton Heath LYR's third and final season in the Football Alliance. They applied for election to the Football League towards the end of the season, and, due to their second-place finish in the Alliance, the League accepted the application. The club also took part in the FA Cup, reaching the Fourth Qualifying Round; the Lancashire Senior Cup, in which they were knocked out by Bury in the first round; and the Manchester Senior Cup, in which they reached the semi-finals before being knocked out by Bolton Wanderers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029292-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Northern Football League\nThe 1891\u201392 Northern Football League season was the third in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029292-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Northern Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 7 clubs which competed in the last season, along with two new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season\nThe 1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season was the club's seventh season of play. The Club would play in the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada, the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) and inter-city play. Ottawa would win their second straight OHA championship. Ottawa would also win the AHAC championship on January 10, and hold it until March 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, AHAC series\nPlay in the AHAC was by challenge. Ottawa won on January 10 to become champions. In all, Ottawa would win six challenges, but lose the final one to lose the AHAC championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 46], "content_span": [47, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, OHA series\nTo reach the final, Ottawa had to defeat Queen's University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, OHA series\nReferee: E. Littlejohn, Umpires: V. Chadwick and C. A. BogertAttendance: 2,500", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0004-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nThe Ottawa Hockey Club was feted at a party by the Ottawa Amateur Athletic Association at Ottawa's Russell House hotel on March 18, 1892. The dinner is notable as Lord Stanley, the Governor-General would announce his new trophy, the \"Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup\", today known as the Stanley Cup. Lord Kilcoursie, Stanley's aide made the announcement:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0005-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\n\"I have for some time been thinking that it would be a good thing if there were a challenge cup which would be held by the champion hockey team in the Dominion. There does not appear to be any such outward and visible sign of a championship at present, and considering the general interest which the matches now elicit, and in the importance of having the games played fairly and under rules generally recognized, I am willing to give a cup, which shall be held from year to year by the winning team. I am not quite certain that the present regulations governing the arrangement of matches give entire satisfaction, and it would be worth considering whether they could not be arranged so that each team would play once at home and once at the play where their opponents hail from.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 835]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0006-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nAccording to Shea and Wilson, the second paragraph is a reference to the disappointment in the AHAC series. Ottawa had held the championship for most of the season, only to lose in the end. The AHAC would change its method of play from challenge to round-robin in the 1893 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0007-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nThere is a game called hockeyThere is no finer gameFor though some call it 'knockey'Yet we love it all the same.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0008-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nThis played in His DominionWell played both near and farThere's only one opinionHow 'tis played in Ottawa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0009-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nThen give three cheers for RussellThe captain of the boys. However tough the tussleHis position he enjoys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0010-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nAnd then for all the othersLet's shout as loud we mayAn O, a T, a T, an AA W and A!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0011-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nNow list' to me one minuteI'll tell you where they playAnd why it is that eagerlyWe welcome them today", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0012-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nThey vanquished in their revelQuebec and MontrealThe gallant club, the Rebelsand the Queen's and Osgoode Hall", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0013-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nWell, first there's Chauncy KirbyHe's worth his weight in goldFor though he is not very bigHe's very very bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0014-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nSupported by his brotherThey make a wondrous pairFor either one or t'otherIs invariably there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0015-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nAnd on the left, there's BradleyAnd on the right, there's KerrAnd when the centres pass itThere, on either side, they are.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0016-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nAnd that's what won the battlesTheir fine unselfish playCool heads that nothing rattlesIn the thickest of the fray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0017-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nAt cover point \u2013 important placeThere's Young, a bulwark strong. No dodging tricks or flying paceWill baffle him for long.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0018-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nAt point, we have the captainAnd if he gets the puckWill very near the goal he'll shootAnd get it too, with luck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0019-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nThere's yet another memberImpregnable Morel. He's had his share of work to doAnd done it very well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0020-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nAnd there is also JenkinsWho played in matches twainSo well that in TorontoThey don't wish for him again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0021-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nAnd now, my friends, forgive meThe moral of my songI'll soon explain in twenty wordsNor keep you very long.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0022-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nWe've here eight bright examplesOf fine unselfish playAnd that's the secret of successAnd why they're here today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0023-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nJust one word to the audienceAnd every player too(Forgive me, though a novice,In dictating this to you).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0024-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Celebration dinner\nDon't question a decisionHowever wrong it be. And little boys, for manner's sake,Don't hoot the referee!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029293-0025-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Stanley Cup monument\nIn October 2017, the \"Lord Stanley's Gift Monument\" to the donation of the Stanley Cup was erected in Ottawa at Sparks Street and Elgin Street, near the location of the Russell House hotel, which has since been demolished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029294-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1891\u201392 season is the 18th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029294-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 28 competitive matches during the 1891\u201392 season. The club began the season as champions but ended it in fifth position, winning exactly half of their 22 league matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029294-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nThe club were knocked out the Scottish Cup at the semi-final stage after losing to Celtic by 3\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029295-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nDuring the late 1880s and early 90s, Royal Arsenal started to win local trophies, winning both the Kent Senior Cup and London Charity Cup in 1889\u201390 and the London Senior Cup in 1890\u201391; they also entered the FA Cup for the first time in 1889\u201390.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029295-0000-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nHowever, the gulf between Arsenal and the professional sides from the North soon became apparent, and Arsenal faced the threat of their amateur players being lured away by the money professional sides could offer; after Derby County had played Arsenal in an FA Cup tie in 1891, they attempted to sign two of Arsenal's amateur players on professional contracts. Royal Arsenal's move to professionalism in 1891 was frowned upon by many of the amateur southern clubs, and they were banned from participating in local competitions by the London Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029295-0000-0002", "contents": "1891\u201392 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nWith friendlies and the FA Cup the only matches available for Royal Arsenal, they attempted to set up a southern equivalent of The Football League, but the move failed. The club changed its name to Woolwich Arsenal in 1893 when it formed a limited liability company to raise capital to purchase the Manor Ground. Woolwich Arsenal's future looked bleak until the Football League came to their rescue by inviting them to join in 1893. Arsenal were the first Southern club to enter the League, initially joining the Second Division; in response, some of the club's amateur players who rejected professionalism and wanted a workers' team to represent just the Royal Arsenal, broke away to form a short-lived alternative side, Royal Ordnance Factories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029296-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1891\u201392 Rugby Union County Championship was the fourth edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029296-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Rugby Union County Championship\nYorkshire won the competition for the third time, defeating all three of their opponents in the Championship Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029297-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Cup\nThe 1891\u201392 Scottish Cup was the 19th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The Cup was won by Celtic when they beat Queen's Park 5\u20131 in the final after a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029298-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1891\u201392 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029298-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Districts season, History\nIn September, new scoring was introduced throughout Scotland, England, Ireland and Wales. The Scottish Referee newspaper was disdainful of the changes; stating that although they were a step in the right direction, the changes did not go far enough. It concluded:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029298-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Districts season, History\nIndeed, the whole system of scoring as adopted is a survival of the time - the stupid time - when one goal was considered of greater value than any number of tries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029298-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Districts season, History\nThis is the first season that Glasgow District was scheduled to play South of Scotland District; and that Edinburgh District was again scheduled to play North of Scotland. Prior to this year, Glasgow always played North of Scotland District; and Edinburgh always played South of Scotland District.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029298-0004-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Districts season, History\nHowever both matches, due to be played on 14 December, were called off on account of frost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029298-0005-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe North v Midlands match of 2 January 1892 at Norch Inch, Perth was postponed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029298-0006-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Districts season, History\nNorth and South were due to play on  Monday 18 January 1892 at Raeburn Place in Edinburgh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029298-0007-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Districts season, History\nEast and West played their Trial match on 23 January 1892. Admission was noted as 1 shilling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029299-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Football League\nThe 1891\u201392 Scottish Football League was the second season of the Scottish Football League after its formation in 1890. A total of 12 clubs (3rd LRV, Abercorn, Cambuslang, Celtic, Clyde, Dumbarton, Heart of Midlothian, Leith Athletic, Rangers, Renton, St Mirren and Vale of Leven) took part in the competition. Dumbarton and Rangers were the defending champions having shared the title the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029299-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Football League\nThe competition began with the first matches held on 15 August 1891 and concluded on 24 May 1892. The league was won by Dumbarton who won the title outright for the first time on 7 May 1892 after they drew 1\u20131 away to Abercorn in their final match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029299-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Football League, Clubs\nIn the close season after the league's successful first year, the Scottish Football League held its annual general meeting. As per the rules, the bottom three teams from season 1890\u201391 (St Mirren, Vale of Leven and Cowlairs) were put up for re-election to the league. Clyde and Leith Athletic both applied to join the league while league members agreed to increase the number of teams to 12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029299-0002-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Football League, Clubs\nSt Mirren, Vale of Leven, Clyde and Leith Athletic were all elected to join the league and would compete in the new season beginning on 15 August but Cowlairs failed re-election and instead became founding members of the Scottish Football Alliance. Renton competed for the first few months of the previous season but were expelled by the Scottish Football Association for professionalism however the club successfully appealed its suspension and was readmitted to the league for this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029299-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Football League, Season overview\nThe league began on 15 August 1891. Both defending champions Dumbarton and Rangers opened the season with victories against Cambuslang (2\u20130) and Renton (4\u20131) respectively. On the same day, Clyde defeated Vale of Leven 10\u20133 in what would be the joint highest-scoring game of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029299-0004-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Football League, Season overview\nRangers suffered an early season set back when they lost the first Old Firm derby of the season to rivals Celtic 3\u20130 on 22 August and, after a 3\u20131 defeat to Dumbarton two weeks later, they were effectively out of the running in 10th place with three defeats from their opening four games. Heart of Midlothian defeated Dumbarton 3\u20131 at Tynecastle Park on 29 August to take the early season lead two points clear at the top.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029299-0005-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Football League, Season overview\nThey would stay there until 19 September when a 5\u20131 reverse at Boghead Park saw Dumbarton leapfrog them to go top. However, a run of three straight wins \u2013 culminating in a 10\u20133 defeat of Clyde \u2013 saw Heart of Midlothian three points clear of Celtic, Dumbarton and Leith Athletic on 3 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029299-0006-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Football League, Season overview\nDropping points to St Mirren and Vale of Leven allowed the chasing pack to catch up but it was Dumbarton who made the biggest impact. By the time they went top on 7 November after a tight 3\u20132 win against Renton, they had won five games in a row - a run that would extend well beyond the new year. On Boxing day they again defeated Renton 2\u20131 to move five points clear of Heart of Midlothian and 10 clear of third-placed Celtic but the Glasgow side had six games in hand, enough to catch and pass the league leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029299-0007-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Football League, Season overview\nDumbarton would play just two games in the new year before a crucial tie at home to Celtic on 23 April 1892. The Glasgow side had been unbeaten in all competitions after their opening day loss to Heart of Midlothian racking up 23 wins in 25 games \u2013 winning the Glasgow Cup and the Scottish Cup in the process \u2013 before a 2\u20131 loss away to Leith Athletic. That left Dumbarton on 32 points, one clear of Heart of Midlothian with a game in hand and six clear of Celtic who had two games in hand on the league leaders. John Miller scored the only goal in front of 12,000 spectators at Boghead Park to put Dumbarton in pole position to claim the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029299-0008-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Football League, Season overview\nA 6\u20130 humbling of Rangers 11 days later \u2013 in which the league's top scorer Jack Bell scored a hat-trick \u2013 put Dumbarton on the brink and, in their final match of the season on 7 May, a 1\u20131 draw with Abercorn was enough to secure a second league title. On the same day, Vale of Leven drew 1\u20131 with Renton in their final match as they finished bottom of the table, failing to win a single game throughout the league season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029299-0009-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Scottish Football League, Season overview\nAt the league's annual general meeting on 3 June 1892, it was voted that the number of competing clubs would reduce from 12 to 10 for the next season. The bottom three clubs, St Mirren, Cambuslang and Vale of Leven, had to submit applications to rejoin the league for the next season. The league also received applications from four non-league clubs: Kilmarnock, Cowlairs, Northern and St Bernard's. In the election, St Mirren received the most votes and retained their league status meaning Cambuslang and Vale of Leven lost their league places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season\nThe 1891\u201392 season was the third in existence for Sheffield United. This was their first season playing in the recently formed Northern League as the club sought to establish itself as a major footballing force. The Blades had a reasonably successful season, finishing third in the league, and registering some comprehensive victories along the way. They improved on the previous season by reaching the second round proper of the FA Cup and were victorious in the local cup competitions, winning both the Sheffield Challenge Cup and the Wharncliffe Charity Cup for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season\nUnder the stewardship of Joseph Wostinholm, United continued to recruit more experienced players. Bob Cain was signed from Bootle and Harry Hammond arrived from Everton, both players cementing their place in United's first team for several years to come. Most significant however was the emergence of a young Ernest Needham who made his United debut in the early part of the season and would go on to be one of the club's greatest ever players and ultimately captain England. The season did see the first United players to gain international caps with both Harry Lilley and Michael Whitham appearing for England on 5 March, (although in different matches as England played two different games concurrently on that day.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Background\nFootball was developing and match referees were introduced for the first time for the 1891\u201392 season. Previously both sides had provided an umpire who jointly officiated the game and consulted with a third official should they be unable to agree. Penalty kicks were also introduced to penalise fouls made within eighteen yards of the goal, and United used nets in the goals at Bramall Lane for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Background\nThe previous season had been a mixed one, with an improvement in the quality of players and increasing attendances for home games, but a mid\u2013table finish in the Midland Counties League had been the result. Under the guidance of club secretary J.B. Wostinholm, the football committee still wanted to improve the standard of matches played by United and so opted to leave the Midland Counties League and seek election to The Football League instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0003-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Background\nThey were unsuccessful in their attempt, amidst accusations that local rivals The Wednesday had voted against their acceptance and had even petitioned other clubs to vote against their entry. Instead United joined the newly formed Northern League which comprised mainly teams from the north\u2013east, meaning that their nearest away match in the league was at Darlington, some 85 miles away from Sheffield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0004-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Background\nDespite now being focussed on league football, the club also arranged a large number of friendly fixtures throughout the season which resulted in a congested fixture list and United playing 75 first team games in the space of eight months. This season also saw the introduction of an official reserve side for United, dubbed The Sheffield Strollers, who played a number of fixtures in addition to those played by the first team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0005-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Kit\nUnited dropped the thin red vertical stripes that had been introduced the previous season, reverting to a plain white shirt along with blue shorts and socks. This season saw the introduction of a club crest (or badge) on the shirts for the first time, utilising a red heraldic shield emblazoned with three sheaves of wheat and a lions head, along with the letters SUFC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0006-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Northern League\nUnited continued with a sizable turnover of playing staff but were now focusing on using their financial position to target experienced professionals rather than relying on the untried talents of previous seasons. Bob Cain and Harry Hammond arrived in August, recruited from Bootle and Everton respectively, while previous stalwarts like Edward Cross, Billy Bridgewater and W. Robertson were allowed to leave. A young Ernest Needham was promoted to the first team and began to feature regularly as the season progressed; he would eventually go on to make over 450 league appearances for the Blades and to captain England during his career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0007-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Northern League\nThe league season started well as United registered a 4\u20132 away victory over Sunderland Albion followed by two comprehensive home wins; beating Darlington 7\u20131 and South Bank 6\u20130. It was not until early November that the Blades dropped points, suffering a 3\u20130 home defeat by Middlesbrough before a 2\u20130 reverse at the hands of struggling Darlington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0008-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Northern League\nUnited continued to add to the squad, signing keeper Will Lilley from Staveley, before registering a string of victories until the end of the year, culminating in a 6\u20130 win over Stockton at the end of December. The league then took a winter break of almost three months, not resuming until almost the end of March. The club continued to strengthen their attacking options by recruiting three additional forwards from Scotland; Sandy Wallace, John Scott and resigning former player James Duncan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0008-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Northern League\nWilliam Calder and Harry Munro were both allowed to join Gainsborough Trinity, before United resumed their league campaign with a 4\u20133 loss away at Newcastle West End who were struggling at the bottom of the table. This signalled a down\u2013turn in form and inconsistent results until the end of the season meant that United lost touch with the top of the table and eventually finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0009-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Northern League\nUnited's growing reputation was such that their players were beginning to come to the attention of the FA and both Michael Whitham and Harry Lilley received an England call\u2013up in March 1892. Both players made their debut on 5 March, Whitham in a Home Championship game against Ireland in Belfast, and Lilley in a friendly against Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0010-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Northern League\nThe club's organising football committee were still determined to gain entry to The Football League and applied for election for the second year in succession. On this occasion however United were successful and were given entry into the newly formed Second Division for the 1892\u201393 season. Cross\u2013town rivals The Wednesday had also been accepted into the Football League, but had been placed in the First Division, much to the annoyance of United's board of directors. United asked to review the ballot papers upon which this decision had been based but were told that they had been destroyed, angering the club's directors still further.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0011-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, FA Cup\nAs in previous years United had to play a number of qualifying rounds against local opposition before they gained entry to the FA Cup proper. Lincoln City were dispatched 4\u20131 at Bramall Lane, before much closer games against Grimsby and Gainsborough Trininty saw the Blades reach the first round proper. United travelled to Blackpool in the First Round, coming away comfortable 3\u20130 winners to secure a place in Round Two for only the second time. They met an experienced Wolverhampton Wanderers side at Molineux Stadium but were to progress no further, losing 3\u20131 to their Midlands opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0012-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Local cups\nAs football in the area developed, so the standing of the local cups diminished amongst the area's leading sides. United entered the Sheffield Challenge Cup at the third round stage and comfortably saw off Doncaster Rovers 4\u20130 at Bramall Lane. The semi-final saw an away trip to Kilnhurst, who the Blades beat by the same 4\u20130 scoreline to secure a place in the final for the second year in succession. United faced local rivals The Wednesday at Bramall Lane, but the opposition had fielded their reserve side during the competition and as such a largely second\u2013string United side beat the Wednesday Wanderers 2\u20131 to lift the club's first ever trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0013-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Local cups\nThe Wharncliffe Charity Cup garnered even less attention this season and United were given an automatic place in the final where they faced Attercliffe at the Olive Grove ground, beating them 2\u20130 at the end of March to win their second trophy in a month.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0014-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Friendlies\nAs in the previous two seasons, the football committee filled the fixture list by arranging a large number of friendlies and exhibition games throughout the year. The results of these games were mixed and mirrored the team's performance in the league; starting promisingly in the Autumn but tailing off after the turn of the year. United began the programme well, gaining victories against emerging Woolwich Arsenal, and the established Notts County and Bolton Wanderers, in the early part of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0014-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Friendlies\nFrom October onwards the results became less consistent with the Blades suffering heavy defeats at the hands of Grimsby Town and Birmingham St. George's. It wasn't until February that United's form improved, beating Burnley and Everton twice in consecutive games, running out 5\u20130 victors over the Merseyside club at Bramall Lane. Another run of poor results followed until the Blades registered their most comprehensive victory of the season at the end of March, beating Burnley 8\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0015-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Friendlies\nFor the second season in succession the highlights of the fixture list were the games against local rivals The Wednesday, with a record 22,900 supporters attending Bramall Lane to see the Blades record a 5\u20130 victory at the end of October. Just under a month later United lost the return fixture at Olive Grove 4\u20131 in front of a more modest crowd of just under 12,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0016-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Squad, First team\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029300-0017-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sheffield United F.C. season, Squad, Players leaving before the end of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 89], "content_span": [90, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season\nThe 1891\u201392 season was the eleventh season of competitive association football played by Small Heath Football Club, an English football club based in the Small Heath district of Birmingham, and their third season in the Football Alliance. At the end of the season, in which Small Heath finished in third position, most of the teams were absorbed into the newly formed Second Division of the Football League, and the Alliance folded for lack of membership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season\nSmall Heath entered the 1891\u201392 FA Cup at the  first qualifying round stage. They progressed to the second round proper (last 16), but forfeited home advantage to Sheffield Wednesday for a payment of \u00a3200 and lost 2\u20130. In local competitions, they were eliminated by West Bromwich Albion in the second round of the Birmingham Senior Cup and by Wolverhampton Wanderers in the final of the Mayor of Birmingham's Charity Cup. Small Heath also played several friendly matches during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season\nSmall Heath used 23 different players in nationally organised competitive matches during the season and had eleven different goalscorers. Five players, full-back Fred Speller, half-backs Ted Devey and Billy Ollis, and forwards Jack Hallam and Fred Wheldon, were ever-present over the 29-match season. The top scorer was inside-forward Wheldon with 29 goals in all competitions, of which 21 were scored in the Alliance. Caesar Jenkyns became the first player to be capped for his country while a Small Heath player when he took the field for Wales against Ireland on 27 February 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nAt the Annual General Meeting of the Football Alliance, the bottom four teams, of which Small Heath was one, were all re-elected. The club were \u00a3234 in debt at the end of the season. The Birmingham Daily Post suggested that", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0004-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nMisfortune and mismanagement did them considerable damage during the cup-tie crisis, and towards the latter end of the season the team did not get the encouragement it deserved from the public; but with a larger staff of directors and an infusion of new blood into the team it is hoped that Small Heath patrons will be induced to encourage an old and respected club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0005-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nPlayers leaving included Will Devey, top scorer in the previous two seasons, who joined Football League club Wolverhampton Wanderers. New players included the former Warwick County players George Hollis (goalkeeper), Billy Ollis (centre half) and Frederick Wilkes (centre forward). In a friendly match against Wolverhampton Wanderers at the end of the previous season, Hollis appeared to lack confidence, Ollis \"would have been more useful if he had looked after the ball a little more instead of his opponents\", and Wilkes' passing was wild but did \"some smart work\" and contributed to a goal with \"exceedingly plucky play\". Arthur Carter, a forward who had also joined Small Heath from Warwick County, was obliged to retire on medical advice after a serious leg injury. The Post kept up its encouragement:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0006-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nIf the Coventry Road people can command good \"gates\" for a start, and come safely through the majority of their early trials, they have a good-hearted set of followers, who will give them every encouragement. The loss of W. Devey is undoubtedly severe, but there are some capital recruits. In Hollies Small Heath have a keeper of both ability and modesty\u00a0\u2013 a virtue which has not shone conspicuously in that direction for some years\u00a0\u2013 and good reports are to hand of a very promising young local back named Taylor. The half-backs are clever and have already made a reputation, and the front rank should prove strong enough to play their opponents a capital game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0007-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nThe team played in the same kit as in the previous season: royal blue shirts and stockings with white knickerbockers. Caesar Jenkyns was captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0008-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\u2013October\nGeorge Hollis's goalkeeping came in for praise as Small Heath began their season in a howling gale, despite Aston Villa beating their visitors 5\u20131 in a friendly match. The committee experimented with their team selection for the first Alliance match of the season, at home to Burton Swifts, Fred Speller moving up from full back to partner Jack Hallam on the right side of the forward line. Small Heath took an early lead through a combination of Frederick Wilkes and Hallam, but Burton, showing more skill than the home forwards, equalised in the first half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0008-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\u2013October\nAfter the interval, Hallam scored after Wilkes' shot was parried, then Wilkes himself made the final score 3\u20131. Despite playing into the sun, Birmingham St George's took a first-half lead, increased early in the second half. Small Heath's shooting was poor throughout, but Walter Brown eventually scored with a header from Tommy Hands' cross, and on the stroke of time, Hands himself secured a \"lucky draw\". A \"sturdy, bustling game\" got the better of West Bromwich Albion in a friendly by four goals to nil, Hallam contributing three and Billy Walton the fourth. Billy Ollis had to leave the field with a damaged eye after colliding with fellow half back Caesar Jenkyns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0009-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\u2013October\nFour goals to one adrift by half time in the reverse fixture at Burton Swifts, Small Heath \"never looked likely to get on even terms\" as they lost 6\u20133. A friendly visit to Wolverhampton Wanderers on a slippery surface was ended with 15 minutes still to go, because of rain and poor visibility, with Wanderers 2\u20130 ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0009-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\u2013October\nAlthough a Small Heath team weakened by injury beat Lincoln City 4\u20130, the Birmingham Daily Post suggested that \"if the forwards would learn to understand each other's movements and play a collective game, instead of trying to shine individually, the result would be a great deal more beneficial\" to the club. They finished September in second place in the Alliance, behind Nottingham Forest, who had won all four of their matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0010-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\u2013October\nOctober began with a comfortable victory, by six goals to two, at Leicester Fosse in the first qualifying round of the 1891\u201392 FA Cup. There followed two Alliance games in three days. On the Thursday, Nottingham Forest scored two second-half goals to take an end-to-end game. On the Saturday, Small Heath started the match at home to Sheffield Wednesday on a Coventry Road pitch with pools of standing water and with only nine men. Once the latecomers arrived, the home team made a better fight of it, and Arthur Millard opened the scoring early in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0010-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\u2013October\nWednesday soon equalised, and Small Heath, down to ten men because of a leg injury to Tommy Hands, held on for a draw. By the next Saturday, the playing surface had improved to greasy. Visitors Walsall Town Swifts scored first after about 20 minutes, which provoked Small Heath into action, and the remainder of the game was one-sided, finishing as a 4\u20131 home win. The Post heaped particular praise on the half-back line, Ollis, Jenkyns and Ted Devey, who \"worked wonders, for they not only checkmated their opponents, but fed their own forwards very judiciously, and were always ready to assist in the defence when the necessity arose.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0011-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\u2013October\nSmall Heath visited Burton Wanderers in the second qualifying round of the FA Cup. After a fruitless wait for the allotted referee, the match began with a substitute official. Heath scored from their first attack, after which Wanderers adopted physical tactics, Small Heath joined in, and the quality of the game deteriorated. After Wanderers equalised, Tommy Hands received a kick on the temple\u00a0\u2013 the player habitually stooped low to head the ball\u00a0\u2013 and the ten men of Small Heath settled for a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0011-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\u2013October\nThe draw cost Small Heath \u00a320, to be paid to Lincoln City, their scheduled opponents for the following Saturday, in compensation for their match being postponed to accommodate the Cup replay. Wanderers put up a better show in the replay, and Small Heath's half backs were \"unaccountably insecure\", but strong defensive play by goalkeeper Chris Charsley and full backs Tom Bayley and Fred Speller allowed Heath to cling on to a 2\u20131 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0012-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, November\u2013December\nSmall Heath included a trialist, centre-forward Young of local team Unity Gas, in their team for a friendly at home to Wolverhampton Wanderers; the match finished as a three-all draw. They disposed of Burton Swifts in the third qualifying round of the FA Cup by four goals to two. The forwards' combination play and their confidence made the difference between the two sides, despite Harry Morris, playing at centre-forward, missing several chances, aided by the half-back pair of Jenkyns and Devey, \"whose power and activity at heading is almost proverbial\". Swifts protested to the Football Association about the unfitness of the Coventry Road ground, but their protest was dismissed. Small Heath allowed Chris Charsley to join Football League club West Bromwich Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 831]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0013-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, November\u2013December\nHis successor, George Hollis, enjoyed a fortunate visit to Bootle in the Alliance. The Liverpool Mercury reported the referee was not in a position to spot that Hollis had caught Jamieson's low shot \"apparently\u00a0... a foot over the line\", and Caesar Jenkyns' first-half goal decided the contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0013-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, November\u2013December\nA \"storm of wind and rain\" reduced the attendance for the visit to local rivals Birmingham St George's to around 500, but those few present accompanied the play with \"a running fire of vigorously-expressed comments\", and on each occasion that Jenkyns ended up on the ground, \"his downfall appeared to give unspeakable pleasure to the home supporters, who rejoiced greatly as he gradually became plastered in mud from head to foot.\" After two goals were disallowed for offside, St George's won an understandably poor game with a single legitimate goal, scored late on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0014-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, November\u2013December\nCharsley returned to represent Small Heath in the final qualifying round of the FA Cup against Brierley Hill Alliance. Wheldon gave Heath a very early lead, but sloppy play by the half-backs allowed the visitors an equaliser within two minutes. After which Small Heath took control of the game, without playing particularly well, and qualified for the rounds proper of the competition by a score of 6\u20132. They retained their unbeaten home record against Crewe Alexandra in the Alliance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0014-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, November\u2013December\nOn a pitch \"in such a sodden state that it was impossible for the players to pass correctly or shoot with any degree with accuracy\", Heath won 3\u20131 with goals from a Jenkyns free kick and two by Hallam. Off the field, Lincoln City successfully applied to the Football Alliance for Small Heath to pay forthwith the \u00a320 owed them for agreeing to rearrange their match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0015-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, November\u2013December\nAided by \"exceptionally fine goalkeeping by Hollies, and the sturdy defence of Jenkins, Bailey, and Speller\", and by James Lundie's own goal, a 2\u20131 win at Grimsby Town proved an \"agreeable surprise\" to the Birmingham Daily Post's correspondent. Christmas Day's entertainment consisted of a friendly at home to Aston Villa on an icy pitch; neither club fielded a full-strength side, but the visitors were still good enough to win 3\u20130. The next day's visit to second-placed Newton Heath came close to producing a surprise. Small Heath led 3\u20130 at half-time, but were unable to hold on to their lead, Newton Heath equalising through Alf Farman just before the final whistle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0016-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\u2013February\nSmall Heath began the new year with a 2\u20132 draw at Ardwick, a result highlighted by sound defence and the goalkeeping of Charsley, which left them in fourth place in the Alliance, having played fewer games than two of the three above them. Wilbert Harrison scored both goals either side of the half-time interval in what proved his only appearance for the club in national competition. Despite losing several players to representative duty for the Sheffield Association in Glasgow, Sheffield Wednesday enjoyed a comfortable win at home to Small Heath on a pitch with a light covering of snow. In the first 20 minutes, each side scored twice and the visitors had two further \"goals\" disallowed for offside, but on change of ends, Wednesday took control and the match ended 6\u20133. The Sheffield & Rotherham Independent picked out Jenkyns as playing \"a sturdy and able game\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 927]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0017-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\u2013February\nThe Daily Post's confidence about Small Heath's prospects in the FA Cup\u00a0\u2013 although \"on paper form the Royal Arsenal appear to be formidable foes to grapple with, Small Heath have come through harder things than this, and are pretty sure of getting into the second round\"\u00a0\u2013 proved justified. Heath took advantage of the wind in the first half to take a four-goal lead, and although Royal Arsenal had the better of the second half, the match finished as a 5\u20131 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0017-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\u2013February\nThe Arsenal had included professionals in their team in the hope of progressing in the competition, but, according to the Pall Mall Gazette, they were \"outplayed in every department of the game\", and the Standard suggested that \"many lovers of football will not be disappointed at this result\", viewing the attempted introduction of professionalism amongst the southern clubs as a failed experiment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0017-0002", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\u2013February\nThe scheduled visit to Crewe Alexandra on the following Saturday had to be postponed, because the Football Association ordered that club to replay their FA Cup tie on that date, so a friendly at Newton Heath was arranged at short notice. A below-strength Small Heath team lost 7\u20132, both goals scored by Wilbert Harrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0018-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\u2013February\nHeath were drawn to play Sheffield Wednesday in the second round of the Cup, and had choice of venue, but were quick to accept an offer of \u00a3200 to switch the game to Wednesday's Olive Grove ground, \"a telegram to that effect being posted on the front of the stand at the conclusion of Saturday's match\". Wednesday won the toss and chose to play with the benefit of the strong wind at their backs. They took a first-half lead, but Small Heath held their own.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0018-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\u2013February\nThe play became increasingly rough, the Sheffield Independent suggesting that \"several of the Heathens began to use their weight mercilessly\", and Wednesday's claim for a penalty kick after one of the visiting backs handled the ball over the crossbar was turned down by the referee. Wednesday players Duncan Gemmell and Richardson were sent off, for kicking and striking an opponent respectively, but despite the numerical disadvantage their team increased their lead late on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0018-0002", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\u2013February\nThe referee, Mr Widdowson, needed police protection from spectators throwing mud and other missiles as he left the field, though the Independent's correspondent suggested he had brought the problem on himself by failing to apply \"a little more severity when the roughness first commenced\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0018-0003", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\u2013February\nIn consequence, the two dismissed players were each suspended for one week (such a lenient punishment perhaps in recognition \"that it was really six of one and half a dozen of the other in the matter of rough play\"), the Olive Grove ground was closed for two weeks, and Ted Devey, the player struck by Richardson, was asked to explain his conduct during the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0019-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\u2013February\nThe next game was a rather quieter affair, as Heath beat Ladywood Conservatives, who had progressed through the qualifying competition to the first round of the Birmingham Cup, by seven goals to nil without unduly exerting themselves. In the Alliance, the rearranged visit to Lincoln City produced a one-all draw, Heath's goal scored by Wheldon from a left-wing cross. When Devey appeared in front of the Football Association to answer his charge of misconduct, the Council found no cause for inquiry, expressed regret for wasting his time, and paid his expenses. This would come as little surprise to the Independent, who blamed Caesar Jenkyns for starting the trouble by injuring Bob Brown early in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0020-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\u2013February\nArdwick had the better of the first half of their visit to a snowy Coventry Road, but Small Heath scored twice coming up to the interval, and the second half was one-sided as Heath won 4\u20130, though \"the number of chances that Morris literally threw away by rash and reckless play in front of goal was enough to exasperate the best-tempered supporter of the home club.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0020-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\u2013February\nThe last match of the month was at home to second-placed Newton Heath in the absence of Jenkyns, who made his international debut for Wales in a 1\u20131 draw with Ireland at Bangor that day, becoming the first man to play a senior international while a Small Heath player. Bill Taylor took his place as Small Heath won a well-contested game by three goals to two, narrowing the gap between the teams to four points with four matches of the season remaining.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0021-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, March\u2013May\nJenkyns kept his place for Wales's 2\u20130 defeat to England the following Saturday, when Small Heath had no game. According to the Wrexham Advertiser, he was \"the best of the halves. He was a bit slow, but his heading and tackling were very fine.\" A friendly match at home to Football League club Bolton Wanderers produced a 7\u20130 win for Small Heath, which \"must have come as a great surprise to the supporters of either team\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0021-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, March\u2013May\nWhen they finally returned to Alliance action, at home to Bootle, they were again without Jenkyns, who was making his third appearance of the 1892 British Home Championship in a 6\u20131 defeat to Scotland. William Kendrick took his place, and reserve-team colleague Len Curryer replaced Morris at centre forward. Bootle had the better of the early game, and took the lead, but Heath came back with two goals from Wheldon, who also had a penalty saved, and two from Walton; Bootle were reduced to ten men for the second half through injury to one of their half-backs. Two days later, FA Cup-winners West Bromwich Albion had no difficulty eliminating a full-strength Small Heath side from the Birmingham Senior Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0022-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, March\u2013May\nMorris returned at home to Grimsby Town, a 3\u20130 win in which Wheldon scored in his fifth consecutive Alliance match. He scored his tenth goal in six Alliance matches the next week, away to Walsall Town Swifts, a match in which Walsall had the better of the first half but were outplayed in the second as Heath won 4\u20133. The result left the club still able to secure second place. A large holiday crowd at Plumstead saw Royal Arsenal have the better of a Good Friday friendly but lose to a second-half goal scored by Billy Walton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0022-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, March\u2013May\nOn Saturday, Heath played Nottingham Forest in an eventful game. Sloppy defending by Bayley and Hollis allowed Forest's Oscroft to open the scoring, but after half an hour he was \"badly hurt\" when charged by Jenkyns \"in an unnecessarily severe manner\". Their second goal was allowed despite apparently passing over rather than under the crossbar, clearly illustrating the value of goal nets, which were not yet required even at top level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0022-0002", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, March\u2013May\nThereafter Forest defended their lead, which would confirm them as Alliance champions, and towards the end of the game, the \"marked preference shown by several of the players for their opponents instead of the ball caus[ed] the play to degenerate from the high standard which marked the early stages\". A 2\u20130 win at Crewe Alexandra gave Small Heath a third-place finish and took Wheldon's total for the season to 21 goals in 22 Alliance matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0023-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, March\u2013May\nFootball League runners-up and twice champions Preston North End sent an under-strength eleven for a friendly meeting with Small Heath. The team was further weakened when their trainer had to play in place of Bob Roberts, who failed to turn up, but they were still too good for their hosts. Aston Villa did much of the attacking in the semi-final of the Birmingham Charity Cup but Charsley and his defenders were up to their task, and Small Heath progressed to the final by two goals to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0023-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, March\u2013May\nIn the final, at Aston Lower Grounds, Hallam scored with a header after only five minutes, and failed to take a good chance when Wolverhampton Wanderers' goalkeeper lost his grip on the ball, but at the interval the score was 1\u20131. In the second half, with both sun and wind in their favour, Heath struck the woodwork several times, but the only goal came when an error from their backs allowed Harry Wood a free run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0024-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nThe season was relatively successful after several years of declining interest. According to the Birmingham Daily Post, \"Small Heath's improvement compared with last year is very marked, and at the present time the Coventry Road club is able to hold its own in the most select company.\" On the field, they improved to third in the Football Alliance after two previous tenth places, and their performance in the FA Cup earned them exemption from the qualifying competition for 1892\u201393.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0024-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nOff it, the Annual General Meeting of the club, held at Jenkins Street Board School in July 1892, heard that \"skilful management, good matches, and capital 'gates'\" had combined to produce a statement of financial affairs \"distinctly creditable to managers and players\", and the directors were to be congratulated. The club's application for election to the Football League First Division when it was expanded to 16 clubs was unsuccessful, but it was one of 12 clubs, mostly from the previous season's Football Alliance, elected to compete in the inaugural season of that league's Second Division. Alfred Jones had been acting as club secretary on a voluntary basis since 1885, when payment of players was first permitted. Prior to entering the Football League, the board of directors appointed him as the club's first paid official, as secretary-manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 910]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0025-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nAll the regular first-team members during the previous season remained with the club for the forthcoming Football League season, as did fringe players including the long-serving Charlie Simms, who was by 1892 employed as the first-team trainer, but retained his playing registration for emergencies. Among the newcomers were back Fred Jones from Newton Heath and forward Harry Edwards, signed from Singer's of Coventry,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029301-0026-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Small Heath F.C. season, Match details\nFor consistency, attendances and goalscorers' names in the Football Alliance and FA Cup match details are sourced from Matthews (2010). Information in contemporary newspaper reports could, and often did, differ.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season\nThe 1891\u201392 season was the seventh since the foundation of St. Mary's F.C. based in Southampton in southern England. For the first six years, the club had been restricted at first to friendly matches and then in cup tournaments organised by the Hampshire Football Association. In 1891, the team (known as the \"Saints\") entered a national competition for the first time, when it competed in the qualifying rounds of the F.A. Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nThe club had entered the Hampshire Junior Cup in its inaugural year, 1887\u201388, winning it for three consecutive years, thus retaining the trophy. In 1890\u201391, they had moved up to the Hampshire Senior Cup, which they had also won, with a victory over a team from the Royal Engineers based at Aldershot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nIn May 1891, at their Annual General Meeting, the club's president, Dr. Russell Bencraft announced that the club had a membership of 400 and a bank balance of over \u00a3100. As a consequence of their success in local tournaments, the club were \"going further afield\" and had entered the \"English Cup\". The club \"had no expectation of doing much, but they would be satisfied if they got through to the first round, and some day he hoped they would do even more\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nAt the A.G.M., it was agreed that the club should provide the players with their kit but, as this would be in breach of the Football Association's rules, the club would \"loan\" the players the cost. This was agree at 12s (60p) for a pair of boots, 7s (35p) for a shirt and 4s 2d (21p) for a pair of \"knickers\". The players would still be required to wash and repair their own kit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0004-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nSince 1889, the club's home ground had been the Antelope Ground in St. Mary's Road, which they rented from St. Mary's Church.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0005-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nIn the FA Cup, St. Mary's reached the second qualifying round where they defeated Reading 7\u20130 before the result was overturned following an appeal by Reading. The club retained the Hampshire Senior Cup for the second year but experienced their first defeat in a cup tournament in the Hampshire County Cricket Club Charity Cup, losing 3\u20131 to the Royal Engineers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0006-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, FA Cup\nThe club's first match in the FA Cup was at Warmley, near Bristol. The match was refereed by Mr. J. Lewis, who had helped found Blackburn Rovers, the FA Cup holders and would later referee three FA Cup finals and the Gold Medal match at the 1920 Olympic Games. (The \"Saints\" would meet Mr. Lewis again in controversial circumstances in the 1898 FA Cup Semi-final.) The match at Warmley passed without incident with Ernie Nicholls scoring the club's first goal in the FA Cup as St. Mary's progressed to the second qualifying round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0007-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, FA Cup\nThe draw for the next round was a home match against Reading to be played on 24 October 1891. Two weeks before the tie at the Antelope Ground, the Saints arranged a friendly against the 93rd Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, after which two members of the Highlanders side, Pte. Jock Fleming and Sgt. Sandy McMillan, were signed by the Saints.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0008-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, FA Cup\nFor the first FA Cup match to be staged in Southampton, the St. Mary's committee \"pulled out all the stops\" to make sure that the Antelope Ground met the standards expected of a venue for the country's top football tournament, although the local press complained of the poor facilities, not having a covered press box, and there were problems with the pitch markings. The crowd (estimated at 4,000) watched the match from behind a rope around the perimeter of the pitch. The walls and banks around the ground were crowded with spectators trying to get a better view, as were the windows of neighbouring houses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0009-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, FA Cup\nDelamotte opened the scoring from the Saints' first attack before Fleming's aggressive style of play earned him a hat-trick en route to a 7\u20130 victory. The report in the local press said that \"it was manifest to all observers that the Saints were superior to their opponents and outplayed them on every point\". The Saints \"were helped by two new members from the 93rd Highlanders, but I honestly believe they would have won easily with their ordinary team\". The reporter for the Bournemouth Guardian described the match as \"about the best game I ever saw the Saints play\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0010-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, FA Cup\nAt the reception after the match, the Reading secretary  (Mr. H. Walker) asked for, and received, an advance of \u00a33 on the share of the gate money. With this he immediately sent a telegram of protest accompanied by the necessary fee of 2 guineas to the Football Association claiming that the Saints had fielded illegally registered players in Fleming and McMillan. Rule 5 of the Rules of The Challenge Cup Competition stated that \"each individual must have been a recognised playing member of the club\u00a0... at least 28 days before the match\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0011-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, FA Cup\nThe appeal was heard by the F.A. on the Wednesday after the match when St. Mary's were represented by Dr. Bencraft and the secretary, Mr. J. Hendin. Although the F.A. agreed that St. Mary's \"had acted in perfect good faith in the matter\" they had not complied with the requirements of Rule 5 and were thus expelled from the competition. After the appeal hearing, Mr. Hendin sent a telegram from London to The Southampton Times newspaper which said: \"Poor old Saints. Disqualified. Hendin.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0012-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, FA Cup\nFollowing the elimination from the cup, Fleming and McMillan both left the club; Fleming went on to play in The Football League with Aston Villa whereas McMillan was posted to India where he died within a year of enteric fever.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0013-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, FA Cup\nLocal reaction to the F.A. 's decision claimed that an injustice had been done: \"A thunderbolt has fallen in the middle of their camp. innocent of wilful intent, they are punished severely, and added to this, is the feeling that Reading acted in anything but a sportsmanlike manner in this affair\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0014-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, Friendly matches\nIn addition to the matches in the various cup tournaments, St. Mary's organised several friendly matches against teams from around southern England, including matches against military sides, such as the 93rd Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (lost 2\u20130) and twice against the South Staffordshire Regiment (lost 6\u20131 and 2\u20130). Amongst the club sides, St.Mary's played Woolwich Arsenal; the first-ever meeting between the two clubs (on 27 February 1892) resulted in a 6\u20132 victory for the \"Gunners\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0015-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, Friendly matches\nOn 18 April 1892, St. Mary's played their final friendly of the season at the County Ground against an army select side from the Aldershot Division. For this match, the Saints gave a debut to Charles Miller, a 17-year-old from Brazil who was a schoolboy at Banister Court School. Miller, who opened the scoring as the Saints won 3\u20131, thus became not only the first Brazilian to play for Southampton, but almost certainly the first Brazilian to play in Europe. Two days later, Miller played for the Corinthians against the Hampshire F.A. Following his return to Brazil in 1894, Miller helped found the S\u00e3o Paulo Athletic Club (SPAC) and the Liga Paulista, the first football league in Brazil, thus becoming the  father of football in Brazil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0016-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, Friendly matches\nOf the 19 friendly matches known, only five were victories, with six draws and eight defeats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029302-0017-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 St. Mary's F.C. season, Player statistics\nThe players who appeared in any of the three Cup tournaments were as follows. This list does not include players, such as Charles Miller, who only played in friendly matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029303-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Stoke F.C. season\nThe 1891\u201392 season was Stoke's third season in the Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029303-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Stoke F.C. season\nStoke returned to the Football League after a season in the Football Alliance. Stoke continued to struggle in the more demanding competition and finished in 13th position with 14 points and had to seek re-election for the third time, they were successful in doing gaining more votes than Darwen and Sheffield United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029303-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nPrior to the start of the season Stoke had to ditch their traditional red and white striped kit due to the Football League ruling that only one style of kit can be used by one club and Sunderland were allowed to use red and white. Stoke used amber and black which changed to plain maroon coloured shirts, it took until the 1910s before Stoke could use red and white stripes on a regular basis. The rule was eventually scrapped in 1919.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029303-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nFor the 1891\u201392 season the Football League was increased from 12 to 14 clubs, Stoke along with Darwen joined the Football League. Despite a bright enough start, Stoke winning 2\u20131 at home to Derby County, there was a lack of improvement in their overall form and the team quickly dropped down the table. A 9\u20133 defeat at Darwen, who eventually finished bottom of the league and failed to be re-elected, was the most disappointing performance of a dismal campaign, although Stoke did win 5\u20131 in the return fixture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029303-0003-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nGoalkeeper Bill Rowley had now returned from injury and was captain of the side, while Arthur Reeves replaced Joseph Bradshaw as manager in January 1892. Re -election was again sought and duly achieved beating Sheffield United by one vote. They instead joined the newly formed Second Division for the 1892\u201393 season. Left-winger Joe Schofield made his debut for Stoke against Burnley on 10 October 1891. Schofield would go on to become one of Stoke's greatest players of the 1890s and earned a reputation as a goalscoring winger and he later managed the club during World War I.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029303-0004-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nAfter beating amateur side Casuals 3\u20130 (twice, after the first match was declared void due to icy pitch) and Burnley 3\u20131, Stoke drew 2\u20132 with Sunderland to set up Stoke's first cup replay which they lost 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029304-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sunderland A.F.C. season\nThe 1891-92 season was Sunderland's 12th season in existence, and their second season as a Football League club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029304-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sunderland A.F.C. season\nSunderland overcame a sluggish start (losing the first three away games consecutively) and went on to win all but two games for the rest of the season; including a back-to-back thirteen game winning sequence. They finished the season as English Champions for the first time, marking the first title of the 'Team of All Talents' era; the most successful in the club's history. The team scored a total of 93 league goals in 26 games - an average of 3.6 goals per game. They put seven goals past Derby and put seven past Darwen in both home and away games. Forward John Campbell ended the season as the league's top scorer, scoring a total of 37 goals in just 29 games. The season was unusual in the fact that Sunderland didn't draw a single league match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029304-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sunderland A.F.C. season\nSunderland reached the FA Cup Semi-final for the second year in a row, losing to Aston Villa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029304-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Sunderland A.F.C. season\nThe season saw a number of changes introduced to the sport, with Sunderland's first penalty kick awarded in a game against Bolton and goal nets introduced for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029305-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 Welsh Amateur Cup\nThe 1891\u201392 Welsh Amateur Cup was the second season of the Welsh Amateur Cup. The cup was won by Llandudno Swifts who defeated Wrexham Gymnasium 2-1 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029306-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 in English football\nThe 1891\u201392 season was the 21st season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029306-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 in English football, Events\nThree new clubs joined the Football Alliance, following the expansion of the Football League to 14 teams, and the defection of Sunderland Albion to the Northern League. These new teams were Ardwick (later Manchester City), Burton Swifts and Lincoln City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029306-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 in English football, Events\nEverton left Anfield on 15 March 1892 after a dispute with the stadium's landlord, John Houlding. Everton moved into a new stadium at nearby Goodison Park, while Houlding formed a new football club\u2014Liverpool F.C.\u2014on 30 March 1892, to play at Anfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029306-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 in English football, Events\nPreston North End set a new league record by winning 13 consecutive matches up to March 1892. A month later Sunderland equalled the record when they won their 13th successive game. The record of 13 consecutive wins in a single season stood for 125 years until broken by Manchester City in 2017.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029306-0004-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 in English football, Events\nAston Villa recorded their biggest ever victory, defeating Accrington 12-2 on 12 March 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029306-0005-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 in English football, National team\nIn the 1892 British Home Championship, for the third (and final) time England played matches against Wales and Ireland on the same day, 5 March 1892, winning both by a 2\u20130 margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029306-0006-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 in English football, National team, Wales\nFor the Welsh game, England selected a team consisting mainly of players with Corinthian connections and awarded eight new caps. The new caps included professionals George Toone of Notts County in goal, Henry Lilley of Sheffield United (making his only England appearance at left-back) and George Kinsey (Wolverhampton Wanderers) at left-half. Joe Schofield a Staffordshire schoolteacher with Stoke City played at outside-left. The other d\u00e9butantes were Anthony Hossack (Corinthian), William Winckworth (Old Westminsters), Robert Cunliffe Gosling (Old Etonians) and Rupert Sandilands (Old Westminsters). England were a little too skilful for the Welsh and ran out 2\u20130 winners with goals from Arthur Henfrey and Rupert Sandilands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029306-0007-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 in English football, National team, Ireland\nAgainst Ireland, England issued a further five new caps. The most prominent d\u00e9butante was Charlie Athersmith of Aston Villa at outside-right, who would continue to appear for England over the next eight years, making twelve appearances in all. He was accompanied by his club team-mate, Jack Devey. The other new caps were John Cox of Derby County, Michael Whitham of Sheffield United and John Pearson of Crewe Alexandra for each of whom this was their solitary England appearance. Pearson went on to have a successful career as a Football League referee, including the 1911 FA Cup Final. Harry Daft of Notts County was awarded the captaincy for his last of five England appearances and marked the occasion by scoring twice, either side of half-time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 801]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029306-0008-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 in English football, National team, Scotland\nScotland also beat both Wales and Ireland and, as a result, the outcome of the British Home Championship rested on the final game of the season (for the third consecutive year). England selected a much more experienced team than for the Wales and Ireland games, and only included four players who had featured in those games, including only one of the debutantes, George Toone in goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029306-0008-0001", "contents": "1891\u201392 in English football, National team, Scotland\nJack Reynolds, the West Bromwich Albion full-back, was selected to play for England for the first time, even though he had previously played five international games for Ireland, having scored against England on 15 March 1890. It had wrongly been assumed that Reynolds was born in Ireland; however, his birth certificate had proved that he was in fact born in Blackburn, thereby enabling him to make eight appearances for England. England rattled in four goals in the first 21 minutes, and although Scotland scored a late consolation goal, England were able to continue their excellent run of results against the Scots and claim the championship again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029306-0009-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029307-0000-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 in Scottish football\n1891\u201392 in Scottish football was the 19th season of competitive football in Scotland and the second season of Scottish league football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029307-0001-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 in Scottish football, Scottish Football League\nDumbarton were crowned Scottish Football League champions after sharing the title the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 54], "content_span": [55, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029307-0002-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup\nCeltic were winners of the Scottish Cup after beating Queen's Park 5\u20131 in a replay at Ibrox Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029307-0003-0000", "contents": "1891\u201392 in Scottish football, Junior Cup\nMinerva were the winners of the Junior Cup after beating W Benhar Violet 5\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029308-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\n1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1892nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 892nd  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 92nd  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  3rd   year of the 1890s decade. As of the start of 1892, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029308-0001-0000", "contents": "1892, Events, July\u2013September\nunder the protection of Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria in September 1892.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [6, 28], "content_span": [29, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029309-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 (spring) California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1892 (spring) California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley. The team competed as an independent during the spring of 1892 against teams from the Bay Area. It was Cal's final team without a head coach and compiled a record of 4\u20132. This season was the first time Cal played against Stanford, establishing that match as the first instance of the Big Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029310-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 AHAC season\nThe 1892 Amateur Hockey Association of Canada season lasted until March 7. The championship changed hands twice during the season. Ottawa defeated the Montreal Hockey Club in January and held the championship until March, defending it six times before Montreal won it in the final challenge of the season, defeating Ottawa 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029310-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 AHAC season, Season\nThe Britannia Hockey Club of Montreal mounted their first challenge. Ontario champion Ottawa Hockey Club took over the championship by defeating the Montreal Hockey Club, and held it until the final game of the season, when the Montreal HC defeated them at their home Rideau Rink. It was the Montreal HC's only win of the season. The result is said to have displeased Governor-General Stanley, and after the season, he announced his donation of the Stanley Cup at the Ottawa HC end-of-season banquet, and asked for changes in the determination of the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029310-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 AHAC season, Schedule and results\nGames consisted of a mixture of Challenge games and Exhibition (friendlies)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029310-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 AHAC season, Player statistics, Goaltending averages\nNote: GP = Games played, GA = Goals against, SO = Shutouts, GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 57], "content_span": [58, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029311-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Alabama Cadets football team\nThe 1892 Alabama Cadets football team represented the University of Alabama in the 1892 college football season. The team was led by their head coach E. B. Beaumont and played their home games at Lakeview Park in Birmingham, Alabama. In what was the inaugural season of Alabama football, the team finished with a record of two wins and two losses (2\u20132).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029311-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Alabama Cadets football team\nWilliam Little of Livingston, Alabama is credited with being responsible for the introduction of football at the university. After playing the game in 1891 while in attendance at a northern prep school, Little returned to Alabama where he helped establish the first team at the university for the 1892 season. The first game in Alabama football history was played on November 11, 1892, against Birmingham High School and was won by the Cadets 56\u20130. They then split a pair of games with the Birmingham Athletic Club, and closed out the season with a 32\u201322 loss in the first Iron Bowl against Auburn on February 22, 1893. After the season, Beaumont was fired as head coach and replaced by Eli Abbott for the 1893 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029311-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Alabama Cadets football team, Background\nThe first college football game was played on November 6, 1869, between Rutgers and the College of New Jersey. Although the sport continued to grow, it was not introduced for another 23 years at Alabama. The man credited with the introduction of football at Alabama was William G. Little of Livingston. Little attended the Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire for the 1891\u201392 school year. It was there that he first played and became an advocate for football. Originally he intended to attend Yale University. However, after his brother died, Little returned to Livingston in 1892 and enrolled at Alabama. He proposed the university field a football team, which was introduced for the 1892 season. Alabama selected Little as the first team captain for the inaugural 1892 season. The team was called the \"Cadets\", as the current \"Crimson Tide\" moniker was not used until 1907.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 925]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029311-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Alabama Cadets football team, Game summaries, Birmingham High School\nIn what was the first ever game played by the University of Alabama, a team of Birmingham-area high school players lost to the Cadets 56\u20130 at Birmingham's Lakeview Park. Played on November 11, the game served as a practice game for Alabama's contest against the Birmingham Athletic Club scheduled for the next day. Although details of the second half are unavailable, touchdowns in the first half were scored by David Grayson, G. H. Kyser, Dan Smith (twice), William Little and T. S. Frazer. The play utilized most throughout the game was a rushing formation developed by Harvard earlier in the season called the flying wedge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029311-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Alabama Cadets football team, Game summaries, Birmingham Athletic Club (November)\nA day after their victory over Birmingham High School, Alabama suffered their first all-time loss against the Birmingham Athletic Club (B.A.C.) 5\u20134. In a game noted for numerous fumbles by both squads, Alabama scored first and took a 4\u20130 lead on a William G. Little touchdown run late in the first half. However, the B.A.C. won the game 5\u20134 late in the second half when J. P. Ross successfully kicked a 63-yard field goal on a drop kick. Alabama would not lose another game by a single point until their 1947 game against Tulane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 86], "content_span": [87, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029311-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Alabama Cadets football team, Game summaries, Birmingham Athletic Club (December)\nA month after their loss to the B.A.C., Alabama returned to Lakeview Park and defeated the Athletics 14\u20130. David Grayson scored first on a 65-yard touchdown run to give Alabama a 4\u20130 lead after a missed extra point. In the second half, both Robert Cope and Eli Abbott scored touchdowns and one G. H. Kyser extra point gave Alabama the 14\u20130 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 86], "content_span": [87, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029311-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Alabama Cadets football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nBefore 5,000 fans at Birmingham's Lakeview Park, Alabama lost to the Agricultural & Mechanical College of Alabama (now known as Auburn University) 32\u201322 in the first of what was subsequently dubbed the Iron Bowl. Auburn scored first on a 20-yard Rufus Dorsey touchdown run and again on a one-yard Dorsey run and took an 8\u20130 lead early in the first half. Frank Savage then scored Alabama's first touchdown on a 10-yard run and William B. Bankhead converted a successful extra point to cut the Auburn lead to 8\u20136. After Auburn scored a third touchdown to go up 14\u20136, Alabama responded with a 20-yard Dan Smith touchdown run and G. H. Kyser extra point to make the halftime score 14\u201312 in favor of Auburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029311-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Alabama Cadets football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nIn the second half, Auburn scored first again when Dorsey recovered an Alabama fumble and returned it 65-yards for a touchdown. After a successful extra point the blue and orange extended their lead to 20\u201312. Alabama responded on their following possession with a 30-yard William Little touchdown run and Kyser extra point to cut the lead to 20\u201318. Thomas Daniels then scored Auburn's final two touchdowns on runs of one and 25 yards and also converted both extra points to give them a 32\u201318 lead. Smith scored the final points of the game late in the second half for Alabama on a short run that made the final score 32\u201322.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029311-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Alabama Cadets football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1892 football team according to the roster published in the 1893 edition of The Corolla, the University of Alabama yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029311-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Alabama Cadets football team, After the season\nAlthough they finished with a .500 record, after the completion of the season, E. B. Beaumont was fired as Alabama's head coach. The 1894 edition of the university yearbook The Corolla stated of the Beaumont firing:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029311-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Alabama Cadets football team, After the season\n\"We were unfortunate in securing a coach. After keeping him for a short time, we found that his knowledge of the game was very limited. We, therefore, 'got rid of' him.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029311-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Alabama Cadets football team, After the season\nAfter Beaumont's departure, William G. Little continued the training of the team until Abbott was selected to serve as head coach for the 1893 season. Other notable players from the first Alabama team included William B. Bankhead who served as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1936 to 1940 and Bibb Graves who served as the 38th Governor of Alabama from 1927 to 1931 and again from 1935 to 1939.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029312-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on August 1, 1892, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029313-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1892 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the sixth staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. Dublin were the champions, becoming the first county to retain the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029313-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThis was the first championship in which players from any part of a county (rather than just the county champions) could play on the county team. Other important rule changes were also introduced: the goal was made worth 5 points (previously, a goal was worth more than any number of points) and teams were reduced from 21-a-side to 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029313-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, Connacht Championship\nRoscommon were the only entrant, so they received a bye to the All-Ireland semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 77], "content_span": [78, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029314-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1892 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the fifth All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1892 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029314-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nAt this time, the club champions of each county represented their county in the All-Ireland championships. Dublin were represented by the Young Irelanders club while Kerry were represented by Laune Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029314-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nDublin were the winners scoring the all important goal with ten minutes to go.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029314-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nIt was the second of six All-Ireland football titles won by Dublin in the 1890s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029314-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nIt was the first meeting between Dublin and Kerry. The rivalry between the sides would grow into something massive in the years and decades ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029314-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Post-match\nWith their 1940 win, Kerry would reach 14 All-Ireland titles, drawing level with Dublin. Dublin had been in the lead since 1892. In 1941, Kerry would take the lead; Dublin equalled the new total in 1942 but never again managed to surpass Kerry's total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 70], "content_span": [71, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029315-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1892 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the sixth staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 30 October 1892 and ended on 26 March 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029315-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nKerry were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial series. Cork won the All-Ireland title, after defeating Dublin by 2-3 to 1-5 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029315-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Rule changes\nAt the Gaelic Athletic Association's (GAA) annual congress held in Thurles on 13 January 1892, some changes were made to the existing rules of the game. Firstly, a goal was made equal to five points. Secondly, teams were reduced from twenty-one to seventeen players. Perhaps most importantly of all, it was also decided that county champions, when representing the county, were allowed to select players from other clubs within the county.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029315-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nA total of just three teams contested the championship, the fewest participants since the inaugural championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029316-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1892 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 5th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1892 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Clonturk Park, Dublin on 26 March 1893 between Cork, represented by club side Redmonds, and Dublin, represented by club side Faughs-Davitts. Cork led by 2-3 to 1-5 when the Dublin side left the field in protest at a disputed goal. Cork were awarded the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029316-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, Match details, Match report\nGlorious spring sunshine greeted both sets of players on their arrival on the field. It was late afternoon when referee Dan Fraher of Waterford threw in the sliothar and got the game going. At half-time Cork were in front by 0-4 to 0-0, but it was in the second half that the game developed into a thriller. Stylish play by Cork captain Bill O'Callaghan, who was striking top form in midfield, spraying passes to his men on the wings and foraging deeply into the Dublin area, eventually brought a vital goal and", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 79], "content_span": [80, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029316-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, Match details, Match report\nThe excitement was too much for a 32-year-old Dubliner named John Nevin, who collapsed and died on the sideline during the second half. Play continued with both teams hurling furiously to notch the decisive goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 79], "content_span": [80, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029316-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, Match details, Match report\nDublin, with the wind and sun behind them, pressed forward towards the Drumcondra end of the field, where the Cork defenders held out. Then a long, relieving clearance by Kenneally sent Redmonds into the attack once again and led to a frantic scrimmage in the Dublin goalmouth. The ball eventually crossed the goal-line but the Dublin backs objected strongly, claiming that it had gone over the point-line first. There was a heated argument in the goalmouth before Dan Fraher made up his mind and awarded a goal to Cork.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 79], "content_span": [80, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029316-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, Match details, Match report\nThe Dublin players threatened to walk off the pitch, and spectators, referee and umpires were soon involved in an argument. In a bid to avoid the game being abandoned, the referee then reversed his decision, saying \"All right, I won't allow the goal. Let the Central Council decide. Now come on lads, it's getting late. We must finish the match.\" But it was too late. Several Dublin players had already left the ground and some had actually gone to work where they were due at 1:30pm. The referee had no choice but to abandon the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 79], "content_span": [80, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029316-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, Match details, Match report\nBecause Dublin players withdrew the Central Council of the GAA later awarded the title to Cork.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 79], "content_span": [80, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029317-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Argentine presidential election\nThe Argentine presidential election of 1892 was held on 10 April to choose the president of Argentina. Luis S\u00e1enz Pe\u00f1a was elected president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029317-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Argentine presidential election, Background\nAn 1888 massacre of a May Day gathering and an unprecedented financial crisis led to the formation of the first meaningful opposition to develop as reform movements in urban areas, culminating in the Revolution of the Park that forced Ju\u00e1rez Celman's 1890 resignation. These developments gathered speed when the Civic Youth Union became the Radical Civic Union (UCR), in 1891. Instability also prompted moderates from within the PAN to advance a diplomat, Roque S\u00e1enz Pe\u00f1a, as the nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029317-0001-0001", "contents": "1892 Argentine presidential election, Background\nRoca foiled this move by persuading former Supreme Court Chief Justice Luis S\u00e1enz Pe\u00f1a (Roque's father) to run \u2013 forcing the young reformist to withdraw. The UCR's appeal, for its part, helped lead President Carlos Pellegrini (who replaced the besieged Ju\u00e1rez Celman) to declare a state of siege a week before the 10 April 1892 elections. The resulting UCR electoral boycott left the ruling PAN as the only party on the ballot, handing its nominee the presidency unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029318-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on September 5, 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029318-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor James Philip Eagle did not stand for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029318-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nDemocratic nominee William Meade Fishback defeated Republican nominee William G. Whipple and Populist nominee Jacob P. Carnahan with 57.70% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029319-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1892 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1892 college football season. In the second full season of Army football, the Cadets compiled a 3\u20131\u20131 record, shut out three of their five opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 90 to 18. In the third annual Army\u2013Navy Game, the Cadets lost to the Midshipmen by a 12 to 4 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029319-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Army Cadets football team\nNo Army Cadets were honored on the 1892 College Football All-America Team. Dennis Michie, who was captain of the Army football team in 1890 and 1891, was the coach of the 1892 team. Michie was killed in 1898 during the Spanish\u2013American War. Army's home football stadium, Michie Stadium, was dedicated in his honor when it opened in 1924.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029320-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1892 Atlantic hurricane season occurred during summer and fall 1892. The season accumulated nine tropical storms, five hurricanes, but no major hurricanes. Three tropical storms made landfall on the United States. However, due to scarce technology and the fact that only storms that affected land or ships were recorded, the actual total could be higher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029320-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nThe first tropical storm developed about 45\u00a0mi (70\u00a0km) south of Isla de la Juventud on June\u00a09. Initially moving northwestward, the storm made landfall later that day on the south coast of Pinar del R\u00edo Province in Cuba. The storm recurved northward and entered the Gulf of Mexico early the following morning, where it intensified and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h). Around that time, it turned to the northeast and made landfall at 23:00\u00a0UTC on June\u00a010 in northern Monroe County, Florida, at the same intensity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029320-0001-0001", "contents": "1892 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nThe cyclone crossed Florida and emerged into the Atlantic Ocean near modern-day Deerfield Beach early the following day. Thereafter, the system headed out to sea for a few days, before re-approaching the Southeastern United States. Late on June\u00a016, it was last noted about 80\u00a0mi (130\u00a0km) south-southeast of Cape Lookout, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029320-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nIn Cuba, moderately gusty winds and torrential rainfall were reported from Santa Clara to Pinar del R\u00edo, with the worst impact conditions being experienced in Matanzas. There, the San Juan and Yumur\u00ed rivers overflowed, causing water to rise 10\u00a0ft (3.0\u00a0m) above most houses. Civil guards and troops assisted rescue work and evacuation of residents. Furniture in 325\u00a0houses were swept away by the floodwaters. About 450\u00a0head of cattle drowned. Additionally, 600,000\u00a0bags of sugar stored in warehouses were lost. The storm left at least 16\u00a0deaths and approximately $1.5\u00a0million in damage. The storm also brought winds and rains to Florida. In just a few hours, Hypoluxo recorded 3.6\u00a0in (91\u00a0mm), while Titusville measured 12.95\u00a0in (329\u00a0mm) over a period lasting six days. In Jupiter, multiple trees were downed and severe damage was inflicted on crops.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 908]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029320-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nOn August 15, a tropical storm was first seen in the open Atlantic east of the Leeward Islands. It tracked northwestward, becoming a hurricane on August 19 before becoming extratropical on August 21. The extratropical storm hit Newfoundland, and completely lost its identity on August 24.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029320-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe third hurricane of the year was a long-lasting storm that formed southwest of the Cape Verde islands on September 3. The unnamed storm did not affect land, peaking at 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h) before dissipating northeast of the Azores islands near Spain on September 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029320-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four\nOn September 8, the fourth tropical storm formed in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico northwest of Campeche. After tracking to the northeast, it made landfalls near New Orleans, Louisiana, and near the Louisiana-Mississippi state lines as a moderate tropical storm. On September 13 the storm became extratropical over Tennessee, and lost its identity on September 17 near Greenland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029320-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nFirst recorded east of the Cape Verde Islands on September 12, the hurricane directly affected the islands without officially making landfall before dissipating in the open Atlantic near 37\u00b0N, 40\u00b0W on September 23. The next time a hurricane would affect the islands was in 2015, when Hurricane Fred made landfall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029320-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Six\nThe sixth tropical storm of the season was a very short-lived storm that was first recorded northwest of Ciudad del Carmen on September 25. The storm travelled northwest across the Bay of Campeche before making landfall near the Mexico-Texas border, dissipating inland on September 27.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029320-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nOn October 5, the seventh storm of the season formed east of Trinidad and Tobago. It made landfalls on Paraguan\u00e1, Guajira, and near Cabo Gracias a Dios on the Nicaragua \u2013 Honduras border. It sunk a schooner, which resulted in the deaths of sixteen people  It dissipated inland on October 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029320-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eight\nThe eighth storm of the season formed northeast of the Bahamas on October 13, and briefly threatened Bermuda. However, it never made landfall before becoming extratropical in the open Atlantic on October 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029320-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nine\nThe ninth and final tropical storm of the season formed northwest of the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula on October 21. It made its single landfall near Tampa, Florida, as a tropical storm. It then tracked east over Central Florida, turned northeast, and lost its identity on October 29 in the open Atlantic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029321-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Auburn Tigers football team\nThe 1892 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1892 college football season. It was the first college football team fielded by the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama, now known as Auburn University. The squad was first coached by George Petrie. Auburn shut out Georgia Tech, 26\u20130, just two days after being shut out by North Carolina, 64\u20130. The team finished the season with a record of 2\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029322-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Baltimore Orioles season\nThe 1892 Baltimore Orioles season was the first season that the professional baseball team known as the Baltimore Orioles competed in the National League, following the demise of the American Association. In a split season schedule, the Orioles finished last in the first half of the season and 10th in the second half. Overall, the team had a record of 46\u2013101, worst in the 12-team National League. Note that the 19th-century Orioles franchise is not the Baltimore Orioles franchise that has competed in the American League since 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029322-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029322-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029322-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029322-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029322-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029323-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Belfast East by-election\nThe Belfast East by-election of 1892 was held on 9 March 1892 after the incumbent Irish Unionist Party, Edward de Cobain, was expelled from the House of Commons of the United Kingdom after a criminal conviction. It was retained by the Irish Unionist Party candidate Gustav Wilhelm Wolff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029323-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Belfast East by-election\nIn April 1891, a warrant was issued for the arrest of Edward de Cobain for \"the commission of unnatural offences in Belfast\" and he fled to the continent being seen at one time in Bilbao. He refused to resign his seat, saying it was tantamount to an admission of guilt. The House of Commons ordered him to attend and when he failed to do so he was expelled on 26 February 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029324-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Belgian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Belgium on Tuesday 14 June 1892, the first full general elections since 1870 and the last before the introduction of universal male suffrage prior to the 1894 elections. The result was a victory for the Catholic Party, which won 92 of the 152 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 46 of the 76 seats in the Senate. Only 2.2% of the country's population were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029324-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Belgian general election\nRun-off elections were held on Tuesday 21 June 1892 in the arrondissements of Mons, Tournai, Verviers, Nivelles and Charleroi as no candidate received a majority there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029324-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Belgian general election, Constituencies\nThe distribution of seats among the electoral districts was as follows for the Chamber of Representatives, with the difference compared to the previous election due to population growth:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029325-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Biddle football team\nThe 1892 Biddle football team represented Biddle University\u2014now known as Johnson C. Smith University\u2014in the 1892 college football season as an independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029325-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Biddle football team\nOn December 27 of 1892, Livingstone College and Biddle College, (Johnson C. Smith) University played in the snows of Salisbury, North Carolina, just two days after Christmas. A writer of a story in the 1930 year-book of Livingstone College provided a glimpse of that December experience when the team from Biddle Institute traveled to Livingstone's Old Delta Grove campus in Salisbury to play while writers recorded the results of a historic moment in sports history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029325-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Biddle football team\nAccording to historian T.M. Martin, the men of Biddle spent two years studying and practicing the sport of football. In 1892, they challenged the men of Livingstone, whose team was formally organized in the fall of that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029325-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Biddle football team\nIt is doubtful that when Biddle University and Livingstone College teed it up on Dec. 27, 1892, in what was described as little more than a cow pasture, no less, if the contestants in this momentous occasion had the slightest inkling of the legacy they were about to give birth to. Games of monumental historical significance, coaches of legendary proportions and players of extraordinary brilliance ultimately emerged from the mother lode that was to become known as the historically Black colleges and universities. The teams played two 45-minute halves on Livingstone's front lawn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029325-0003-0001", "contents": "1892 Biddle football team\nW.J. Trent scored Livingstone's only touchdown on a fumble recovery. By then snow had covered the field's markings and Biddle argued that the fumble was recovered out of bounds. The official ruled in Biddle's favor, allowing them to keep the 5\u20130 lead that they had established early on and giving JCSU the historic 1st victory! And the rivalry continues. ...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029326-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Birthday Honours\nThe 1892 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published in the London Gazette on 24 May 1892 and in The Times on 25 May 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029326-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029326-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, Privy Councillor\nThe Queen appointed the following to Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 74], "content_span": [75, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029327-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Boston Beaneaters season\nThe 1892 Boston Beaneaters season was the 22nd season of the franchise. The Beaneaters won their second straight and fifth overall National League pennant. In the league's first split season, the Beaneaters finished first in the first half, and three games behind the Cleveland Spiders in the second half. After the season, the two teams played a \"World's Championship Series\", which the Beaneaters won, five games to none (with one tie). The National League did not play another split season until 1981.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029327-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029327-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029327-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029327-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029327-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Boston Beaneaters season, World's Championship Series\nThe Boston Beaneaters, first-half champions, played the second-half champion Cleveland Spiders in a best-of-nine postseason series. After a 0\u20130 tie in the opener, called on account of darkness after 11 innings, Boston defeated Cleveland five games in a row for a sweep. Hall of Famer Hugh Duffy batted .462 with nine runs batted in and six extra-base hits including a home run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029328-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1892 saw the reelection of Nathan Matthews Jr. to a third consecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029329-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 British Guiana general election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held under the 1891 constitution, which provided for a 16-member Court of Policy, half of which was elected. The Court included the Governor, seven government officials (the Attorney General, the Government Secretary, the Immigration Agent General and the Receiver General, together with three other appointees). The eight elected members were elected from seven constituencies; Demerara East, Demerara West, Essequebo North Western, Essequebo South Eastern, Berbice, City of Georgetown (2 members) and New Amsterdam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029329-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 British Guiana general election, Electoral system\nIn addition, six \"Financial Representatives\" were also elected in six single member constituencies; Demerara, Essequebo North Western, Essequebo South Eastern, Berbice, Georgetown and New Amsterdam. Together with the Court of Policy, the two groups formed the Combined Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029329-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 British Guiana general election, Electoral system\nThe franchise was restricted on the basis of a minimum income level, and women could not vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029329-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 British Guiana general election, Campaign\nPartick Dargan, a coloured lawyer, ran a vibrant campaign, calling for free and liberal universal education and for civil service entrance to be based on competitive exams. Two black lawyers, J A Murdock and W E Lewis also contested the elections. Only three seats were contested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029329-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 British Guiana general election, Results\nNo black candidates won a seat, whilst only two coloureds were elected; Dargan, Murdock and Lewis all failed to win seats. The 14 elected members included seven planters, five merchants and two barristers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike\nThe 1892 Broken Hill miners' strike was a sixteen-week strike which was one of four major strikes that took place between 1889 and 1920 in Broken Hill, NSW, Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike\nDuring the four months from July to November 1892, both local miners and Women's Brigade were active in defending the mines from imported labour using organised direct action methods.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike\nThe strike collapsed after several strike leaders were arrested and tried for 'unlawful conspiracy and inciting riots', found guilty and sentenced to imprisonment and it became unpracticable for locals to defend the mines from imported labour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, History\nBroken Hill developed as a mining town in the arid north-west of New South Wales near the Barrier Ranges after Charles Rasp, then a boundary rider/station hand for the Mount Gipps sheep station studied a 'black craggy hilltop' which he believed to contain black oxide of tin. The first shaft (the Rasp Shaft) was sunk on this hill in January 1885 with the Broken Hill Mining Company formed on 25 April, becoming The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited on 3 June 1885. It is for this hill (since mined away) that the town is named.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, History\nThe original introduction of unionism in the area was through a meeting at the Adelaide Club Hotel in Silverton on 20 September 1884 with the resolution 'That this meeting deem it advisable to form a Miners' Association, to be called the Barrier Ranges Miners' Association', and with the object to form 'a Friendly Society, to afford succor to members who sustained injury as the result of a mining accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, History\nFollowing the adoption of Trade Union Acts throughout Australian states in this decade, a further meeting was held at Silverton on 12 January 1886 where it was decided to reconstitute the organisation as branch of the Amalgamated Miners' Association of Australasia. The branch was later transferred to Broken Hill where the mining population had grown to 3000. At this time it was estimated that unionists out-numbered non-unionists in the town by a factor of 7:1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, History\nBroken Hill's first mining strike occurred in 1889 as a result of the trade union ultimatum that members not be made to work with non-unionised workers. The strike lasted a week and during this time the Women's Brigade was formed. In the following year, in an attempt to achieve 100% unionism for Australian workers, major strikes of the Maritime unions and Shearing unions erupted. While mining shut down as a result of the wharf closures preventing supplies from reaching Broken Hill, the maritime dispute ended in defeat and work resumed at Broken Hill within the month", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, History\nAs economic depression threatened Australia in 1892 and the values of silver and lead (mined at Broken Hill) declined, the Broken Hill companies attempted to increase profits through the use of contract workers. This resulted in the 1892 Broken Hill miners' strike as it was a direct breach of the terms of the 1890 trades agreement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, Conditions\nAccording to Unbroken Spirit, 'Poor living conditions and negligent managerial policy on the mines at Broken Hill fed into a strong union presence from the very early days'. Women and children found life in the mining town harsh, yet fought alongside the miners in favour of the union goals despite the hardship prolonged strikes caused to family welfare.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 55], "content_span": [56, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, Conditions\nBlainey (1968) states that anxiety ran high in Broken Hill due to the living and working conditions which included the difficulty of mitigating the risk of lead poisoning and the danger of cave-in due to poorly excavated mines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 55], "content_span": [56, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, Conditions\nThe decision to move from mining ore at Broken Hill in the late 1800s to open a steelworks at Newcastle in 1915 was due to the technical difficulty in developing a process to recover value from mining the 'lower-lying sulphide ores'. As a result of the delay in establishing this technology, 'huge heaps of tailings and slimes up to 40\u00a0ft high' were left to build up around the town in the hope that an extraction method could be developed. This was not to occur for many years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 55], "content_span": [56, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, Conditions\nIt was these tailings left in huge piles around the town that added to the toxic dust which caused lead poisoning and pneumoconiosis and added to the concerns of both the miners and their families.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 55], "content_span": [56, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, Conditions\nJosiah Thomas who was elected to the presidency of the Barrier Branch of the Amalgamated Miners Association in 1892 used his influence with the NSW Labor Party to request a Board of Inquiry into the lead poisoning associated with the Broken Hill mines This Inquiry was under discussion at the committee on the eve of the strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 55], "content_span": [56, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, Trade Act Clause Overturned\nUnion president Josiah Thomas had been successful in having radical candidates elected to local Council in an attempt to have the Council Rates paid by the mine owners increased. However, the mine owners were successful in appealing their current rate so that it was actually reduced (p27).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, Trade Act Clause Overturned\nUnion leaders including Thomas were sacked for being absent on union business at this time and it was felt that an attack on the unions was imminent. This appeared to be confirmed in the following actions of the Mine Managers Association (MMA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0015-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, Trade Act Clause Overturned\n'At a special meeting of the Barrier Ranges Mining Managers' Association (MMA) in the Masonic Hall on 6 May 1892 it was resolved':", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0016-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, Trade Act Clause Overturned\nThat clause 4 of the 1890 Agreement (which confirmed the above rates of wages but provided for a reduction in the working week from 48 hours to 46) should be struck out of that Agreement, and further, that there should be no restriction on any work either underground or at the surface.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0017-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, Trade Act Clause Overturned\nAccording to Laurent in Solomon (1988), the reason behind overturning this previously agreed-to clause was to take advantage of extra labour from other mines in an effort to offset reductions in profit caused by the slowing of the economy. However Blainey attributes the overturning of the clause without union consultation to an assumption that the miners would prefer to be paid by the amount of ore extracted (and thus retain some influence over their take home pay) than work less hours. Although Blainey does concede that both the miners and mine managers, in his opinion, had stronger cases than indicated in the formal grounds for dispute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0018-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, Trade Act Clause Overturned\nBlainey states that the union argued against contract mining on the basis that it had the potential to 'encouraged dangerous practices', penalise the weaker miners and created dissent between the miners through providing conditions where miners could earn greatly varying amounts depending on their abilities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0019-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, Trade Act Clause Overturned\nThe unions were formally advised that termination of the 1889 and 1890 agreements would occur on 30 July 1892. This led to a 6000 strong meeting at the Central Reserve on 3 July which called for immediate strike action. On 16 August the mining companies issued a statement from Melbourne saying that on the mines would be open to non-union labour from 25 August and both sides became further entrenched within their own positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0020-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, 25 August 1892\nFearing an outbreak of violence against the strike-breakers, the mining companies sought and received the support of police in readiness for the opening of the mines. A crowd estimated at 10 000 had organised to be witness to the arrival of the strike-breakers. This included the Women's Brigade who were 'armed with sticks, broom handles and axe handles, set upon any man who attempted to pass through the union picket lines'.>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0021-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, 25 August 1892\nA street march was also held on the afternoon of the 25th led by Richard Sleath 'and a woman' on horseback which was accompanied by a brass marching band which led back through Argent St to the Central Reserve to receive speeches from several women and union leaders. Orators included Mrs Rogers & Urqhart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0022-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, Defeat\nThe first train load of contract workers arrived on 10 September 1892 and were met with violence and hostility from the local men and women. This conflict continued over the coming days and police resistance also escalated at a meeting of the Labour Defence Committee held at the Theatre Royal Hotel with the attendance of 30 police with fixed bayonets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0023-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, Defeat\nSeven strike leaders were arrested for conspiracy and inciting riot and tried at Deniliquin on 24 October 1892, presided over by judge Alfred Paxton Backhouse. All received sentences with Richard Sleath and Ferguson receiving two years each. The Secretary of the Union, Robert Augustine Hewitt was also arrested and sentenced to eighteen months imprisonment. Combined with the continuing influx of contract labour at the mines, the incarceration of the strike leadership and continuing hardship for striking workers resulted in a breakdown of the resistance against the introduction of contract labour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0024-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, The Strike, Defeat\nThe strike was officially abandoned on 8 November 1892 and the contract labour leading to the strike has remained at Broken Hill mines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0025-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, Consequences\nIn addition to the introduction of contract miners, the defeat of the strike led to a 10 per cent decrease in wages and a restoration of a 48-hour work week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0026-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, Consequences\nThe defeat of the 1892 Broken Hill miners' strike led to a collapse of credibility in the union movement in Broken Hill. Within two years, union membership had fallen from 6000 to 300 and faith in direct action methods also fell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0027-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, Consequences\nAlong with the defeat of the 1890 Australian maritime dispute and the Shearers' Strikes of the 1890s, the defeat of the 1892 Broken Hill miners' strike was seen to lead to a loss of faith in union action alone to defend the interests of the working class. This led to increased electoral support for the Australian Labor Party based on their strong union affiliations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029330-0028-0000", "contents": "1892 Broken Hill miners' strike, Consequences\nRichard Sleath's imprisonment saw him emerge a martyr in 1893 and saw him elected to the Legislative Assembly for Wilcannia in 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029331-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Brooklyn Grooms season\nThe 1892 Brooklyn Grooms season was a season in American baseball. The team finished the first half of the split season in second place, just 2.5 games behind the Boston Beaneaters. However, they faded in the second half, finishing 9.5 games behind the second-half champion Cleveland Spiders and missing out on the postseason playoff. Their combined record was 95\u201359, third best overall in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029331-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Brooklyn Grooms season\nThe season was a tragic one, as outfielder Hub Collins left a game on May 14 because he was feeling ill. A week later he was dead, the victim of typhoid fever. The team put on a benefit game to raise money for his widow on May 29. One bright spot, however, was first baseman Dan Brouthers, who won the batting title with a .335 batting average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029331-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029331-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029331-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts; CG = Complete games", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029332-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1892 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University in the 1892 college football season. The team's coach was Charles P. Howland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029333-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Bruce by-election\nThe Bruce by-election, 1892 was a by-election held on 4 May 1892 during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the rural lower South Island electorate of Bruce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029333-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Bruce by-election, Background\nThe by-election was triggered after the resignation of sitting Member James William Thomson. The election was a two-way contest and was won by James Allen, previously the Member for Dunedin East.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029333-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Bruce by-election, Results\nAllen held the electorate until his own resignation in 1920 to become New Zealand's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, which triggered another by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029334-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Buchtel football team\nThe 1892 Buchtel football team represented Buchtel College in the 1892 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach Frank Cook, in his only season. Buchtel were outscored by their opponents by a total of 69\u2013180.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029335-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Calgary municipal election\nThe 1892 Calgary municipal election was scheduled for January 4, 1892 to elect a Mayor and six Councillors to sit on the eighth Calgary Town Council from January 18, 1892 to January 16, 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029336-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 California Golden Bears football team\n}The 1892 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1892 college football season. The team competed as an independent and compiled a record of 2\u20131\u20131 under first-year head coach Lee McClung.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029337-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiff County Borough Council election\nThe 1892 Cardiff County Borough Council election was held on Tuesday 2 November 1892 to elect councillors to Cardiff County Borough Council in Cardiff, Wales. These were the fourth all-Cardiff elections since the creation of the county borough. The previous elections were in November 1891 and the next elections were in November 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029337-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiff County Borough Council election\nThe Liberal Party remained the largest party after the election, but with reduced numbers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029337-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Background\nCardiff had become a county borough in April 1889. The council consisted of 30 councillors who were elected by the town's voters and ten aldermen who were elected by the councillors. Elections took place every November. Not all council seats were included in each contest, because the three councillors in each ward stood down for election in three-yearly rotation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029337-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Background\nTen councillor seats were up for public election in November 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029337-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Overview of the result\nContests took place in eight of the ten electoral wards. The candidates in the Central and South wards were re-elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029337-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Overview of the result\nThe Western Mail described the 58% turnout as making the election \"the most uneventful on record in the history of the town\" with interest in Cardiff elections \"fallen off marvellously\". The Progressive Labour candidates took some votes away from the sitting Liberal candidates, except for the Cathays ward where the Liberals put their support behind the Labour nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029337-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Overview of the result\nAs a result of the election, the Liberal Party lost three seats, two of which were gained by the Conservatives and one by Labour candidates. The Liberals remained the largest party on the council, with 23 seats. the Conservatives had 14 seats and Labour members held two. A vacancy remained in the Cathays ward, due to the death of a Liberal councillor, Peter Price.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029337-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Ward results, Adamsdown\nThe retiring Liberal councillor, Philip Morel, chose not to re-stand. Turnout was lowest in the Adamsdown ward, at only 39%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029337-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiff County Borough Council election, Ward results, Canton\nIn Canton there was a marked battle between the retiring Liberal councillor, from the Cardiff Master Builders Association; and the Labour candidate, who represented the workmen's strike committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election\nThe second election for the Cardiganshire County Council took place in March 1892. It was preceded by the inaugural 1889 election and followed by the 1895 election", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, Overview of the result\nTo some extent the euphoria of 1889 had passed three years later and the whole atmosphere was marked by less excitement. The result, however, was virtually identical to that of the inaugural election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, Boundary changes\nOne feature was that the multi-member seats, which existed in urban areas in the first elections, were divided so that all councillors were now elected to represent single member wards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, Unopposed returns\nThere were far more unopposed returns than three years previously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 61], "content_span": [62, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, Retiring aldermen\nOf the eight retiring aldermen, only Jenkin Jenkins and Llewellyn Edwards, both of whom were made aldermen as defeated candidates in 1889, sought election. Jenkins won at Llanfihangel Ystrad but Edwards was again defeated at Llanbadarn, this time by solicitor Hugh Hughes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 61], "content_span": [62, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, Contested elections\nMost contests were again on party lines although there were several instances of Liberals opposing each other. The Conservatives had a few successes, notably at New Quay where Captain Longcroft of Llanina triumphed following divisions amongst local nonconformists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 63], "content_span": [64, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, The New Council, Council following the election of aldermen and by-elections\nThree Conservative / Unionist and five Liberal aldermen were elected, replicating the balance of the retiring aldermen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 120], "content_span": [121, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, The New Council, Council following the election of aldermen and by-elections\nThe Liberals strengthened their majority by capturing all three seats which became vacant following the election of aldermen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 120], "content_span": [121, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, Ward results, Llanfihangel Ystrad\nJenkin Jenkins, defeated in 1889 but subsequently made an alderman, successfully held the seat by a small margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 77], "content_span": [78, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, Ward results, New Quay\nThere were boundary changes at Llanllwchaiarn and New Quay as the previous two-member ward was divided into two single-member wards. Liberal candidates held both seats in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, Election of aldermen\nIn addition to the 48 councillors the council consisted of 16 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the elections, the following aldermen were appointed by the newly elected council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, Election of aldermen\nIn contrast to the initial elections, all eight aldermen selected in 1892 were elected members of the Council. The Conservatives were again allocated three places, although two of those selected had captured their seats from the Liberals at the recent election. Their elevation allowed the defeated Liberal candidates to be returned unopposed at the ensuing by-elections (see below).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, Aldermanic vacancies, 1892-98\nColonel Davies-Evans decided not to accept a place on the aldermanic bench soon after the election. The Conservatives proposed that their nominee, David Lloyd, should occupy the vacancy but the Liberals were divided on the issue. In the ballot, Lloyd was elected by 19 votes against 18 for T.H.R. Hughes. As a result, the following appointment was made for six years in May 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 73], "content_span": [74, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections\nSix of the eight vacancies were filled unopposed and there were two contested elections. The Liberals captured all eight sets, including the three held by the Conservative or Unionist aldermen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 56], "content_span": [57, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections, Cilcennin by-election\nJohn Davies, elected in 1889, but defeated at the initial election, was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 79], "content_span": [80, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0015-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections, Llanddewi Brefi by-election\nD.J. Williams, who formerly represented Tregaron won a narrow victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 85], "content_span": [86, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0016-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections, Llanfihangel Ystrad by-election\nWalter Davies had been narrowly defeated at the initial election. Jones was described as a working class candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 89], "content_span": [90, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0017-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections, Llangoedmor by-election\nFollowing W.O. Brigstocke's election as alderman, David Samuel Jones of Llwyngrawys was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0018-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections, Llanwenog by-election\nFollowing Colonel Davies-Evans's election as alderman his son was expected to contest the vacancy. However, he did not stand and Timothy Jones of Coedlanaufach, a farmer and Liberal, was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 79], "content_span": [80, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0019-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections 1892-1895, New Quay by-election 1892\nThere was also a by-election in New Quay following the death of Captain Longcroft within a few days of the election. In a close contest, Sir Marteine Lloyd of Bronwydd, famously defeated in 1889, narrowly defeated the former councillor John Owen Davies, holding the seat for the Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 93], "content_span": [94, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0020-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections 1892-1895, Lledrod by-election 1892\nRoderick Lloyd (elected alderman in 1889) resigned on being appointed county surveyor and the Rev John Owen was elected in his place. In the resulting by-election two candidates were nominated. William Bebb withdrew too late to avoid an election but received no votes at the ensuing ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 92], "content_span": [93, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029338-0021-0000", "contents": "1892 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections 1892-1895, Aberystwyth Division 3 by-election 1892\nA by-election took place on 29 November 1892 following the death of John James. The Liberals retained the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 107], "content_span": [108, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029339-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Carmarthenshire County Council election\nThe second election to the Carmarthenshire County Council was held in March 1892. It was preceded by the 1889 election and followed by the 1895 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029339-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Boundary changes\nOne feature was that the multi-member seats, which existed in the Llanelli area in the first election in 1889, were divided so that all councillors were now elected to represent single member wards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029339-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Retiring aldermen\nThere was one vacancy following the death of Morgan Davies shortly before the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 63], "content_span": [64, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029339-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Candidates and unopposed returns\nOf the retiring aldermen, only two stood as candidates at the election. Sir James Hills-Johnes contested Caio for the Conservatives while C.E. Morris, elevated to the aldermanic bench following a vacancy the previous year, was returned unopposed for his former seat at Llangunnor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 78], "content_span": [79, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029339-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections\nThere were a large number of contested elections and the majorities were small in most instances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 65], "content_span": [66, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029339-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results\nThis section summarises the detailed results which are noted in the following sections. This was the inaugural county election and therefore no comparison can be made with the previous elections. In some cases there is an ambiguity in the sources over the party affiliations and this is explained below where relevant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 64], "content_span": [65, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029339-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results\nThis table summarises the result of the elections in all wards. 48 councillors were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 64], "content_span": [65, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029339-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Ward results, Abergwili\nSome sources state that Lloyd stood as an Unionist candidate at this election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029339-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Carmarthenshire County Council election, By-elections, 1892-1895, Myddfai by-election, 1894\nGeorge Jones, the member for Myddfai, died in March 1894. His son, J. Walter Jones, was the only candidate nominated to succeed him", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029339-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nIn addition to the 51 councillors the council consisted of 17 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the elections, the following aldermen were appointed by the newly elected council. In addition to the eight vacancies, a ninth alderman was appointed in place of the late Morgan Davies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029339-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nThe Liberal members of the Council were criticised by local Conservative newspapers, notably the Carmarthen Journal, for allocating only one aldermanic seat to their political opponents. Colonel Gwynne Hughes of Glancothy, a retiring alderman, finished in tenth place in the vote and was not re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029340-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Case football team\nThe 1892 Case football team was an American football team that represented the Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland, Ohio, now a part of Case Western Reserve University. Playing as an independent during the 1892 college football season, the team compiled a 3\u20130 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029341-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Central Colonels football team\nThe 1892 Central Colonels football team represented Central University in Richmond, Kentucky during the 1892 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029342-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Centre football team\nThe 1892 Centre football team represented Centre College in the 1892 college football season. The head coach was Durant Berry, coaching his second season with the Praying Colonels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029343-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Chelmsford by-election\nThe Chelmsford by-election, 1892 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Chelmsford in Essex on 30 April 1892. The seat had become vacant on the death of the Conservative Member of Parliament William Beadel, who had held the seat since its creation for the 1885 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029343-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Chelmsford by-election\nThe Conservative candidate, Thomas Usborne, was returned unopposed, and held the seat until he stood down at the 1900 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029344-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Chertsey by-election\nThe Chertsey by-election, 1892 was a parliamentary by-election held on 3 March 1892 for the British House of Commons constituency of Chertsey. It was caused by the death of the constituency's sitting Conservative Member of Parliament Frederick Alers Hankey, who had held the seat since the 1885 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029344-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Chertsey by-election, Result\nThe seat was held for the Conservatives by Charles Harvey Combe of Cobham Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029345-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Athletic Association football team\nThe 1892 Chicago Athletic Association football team represented Chicago Athletic Association as an independent during the 1892 college football season. The team finished with a 3-4-1 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029346-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Colts season\nThe 1892 Chicago Colts season was the 21st season of the Chicago Colts franchise, their 17th in the National League and the second at South Side Park. In a split season schedule, the Colts finished eighth in the first half of the season and seventh in the second half. Overall, the team had a record of 70\u201376, seventh-best in the 12-team National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029346-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029346-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029346-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029346-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 65], "content_span": [66, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029346-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 66], "content_span": [67, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029347-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Maroons football team\nThe 1892 Chicago Maroons football team represented the University of Chicago during the 1892 college football season. The University of Chicago opened its doors for its first semester on October 1, 1892, and the football team, led by Amos Alonzo Stagg as both player and coach, played its first game one week later on October 8, 1892. In its first year of intercollegiate football, the Chicago team compiled an 8\u20134\u20131 record. The 1892 season included four victories over local high school teams, two victories over a local YMCA team, and seven intercollegiate games. In intercollegiate play, the team compiled a 2\u20134\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029347-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Maroons football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nBy April 1892, Amos Alonzo Stagg, a 30-year-old who had graduated from Yale University in 1888, had been hired to serve as an instructor and the head of the department of physical culture at the University of Chicago upon its opening in October 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 62], "content_span": [63, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029347-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Maroons football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nOn October 1, 1892, the University of Chicago opened its doors for its first semester. At 2:30\u00a0p.m. that day, at the university chapel, Prof. Stagg from the department of physical culture called to order a meeting of 600 incoming students for the purpose of adopting a \"college yell\". After an hour of experimenting with yells, Stagg selected a number of students to form the university's first football team. Stagg took the chosen students to Washington Park for preliminary football practice. Stagg later recalled that he began with \"about a dozen\" inexperienced players. Because of the lack of student participation during the 1892 season, Stagg decided to participate as a player. He later recalled: \"I had to do one-half the playing. Our boys are so very green.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 62], "content_span": [63, 830]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029347-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Maroons football team, Season summary, Game 1: Hyde Park High School\nOn Saturday, October 8, 1892, Chicago played its first football game, defeating the team from Hyde Park High School by a 14\u20130 score at Washington Park. The lineup for Chicago consisted of Rapp, Stagg, Dyas, Hanson, Chase, Wyant, Smith, Loeb, Olson, Knapp, and Lamay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 81], "content_span": [82, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029347-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Maroons football team, Season summary, Game 2: Englewood High School\nOn Monday, October 10, 1892, Chicago played its second football game, defeating the team from Englewood High School by a 12\u20138 score. Nearly 1,000 spectators watch the game at Washington Park. In its account of the game, the Chicago Daily Tribune credited Knapp (a former Wisconsin football player), Wyant, Olson, Chase and Stagg for their \"splendid work\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 81], "content_span": [82, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029347-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Maroons football team, Season summary, Game 7: Northwestern\nOn October 22, 1892, Chicago played its first intercollegiate football game, playing a scoreless tie with Northwestern. The game was played starting at 3:30\u00a0p.m. before 300 students at the South Side Ball Park. In the second half, Stagg had a long run for a touchdown, but the referee ruled that \"the ball had not touched the third man,\" and the touchdown did not count. Chicago's lineup in the game was Rulkoetter (center), Smith (left guard), Knapp (right guard), Brenneman (left tackle), Wyant (right tackle), Allen (left end), Chase (right end), Raycrof (quarterback), McGillorey (left halfback), Stagg (right halfback), and Rapp (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029347-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Maroons football team, Season summary, Game 8: at Northwestern\nOn November 2, 1892, Chicago sustained its first loss, falling to Northwestern by a 6 to 4 score in a game played at Evanston, Illinois. The game began at 3:50\u00a0p.m. and was played in the rain. In the first half, Kennicott scored a touchdown on a long run and then kicked for the goal after touchdown to give Northwestern a 6 to 0 lead. In the second half, Chicago scored a touchdown, but Stagg's kick for the goal after touchdown was wide to the left.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 75], "content_span": [76, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029347-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Maroons football team, Season summary, Game 9: Lake Forest\nOn November 5, 1892, Chicago secured its first victory in an intercollegiate football game, defeating the team from Lake Forest College by an 18\u201316 score. The game began at 3:30\u00a0p.m. and was played at the South Side grounds. The Chicago Daily Tribune reported that Chicago's captain, Stagg, \"played a game of strategy like the wizard he is.\" Chicago's second touchdown was scored on a trick play. The ball was passed to Stagg who ran to the left and then passed to a teammate running in the opposite direction who ran through a clear field for a touchdown. The Chicago Daily Tribune called it \"one of those surprising plays that causes the onlooker to wonder why it was not done oftener.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 71], "content_span": [72, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029347-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Maroons football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Michigan\nOn November 13, 1892, Chicago played Michigan in the first chapter of what became the Chicago\u2013Michigan football rivalry. The game was played on a wet and muddy field in front of a crowd estimated by various accounts at between 700 and 1,500 spectators at Toledo's Olympic Park. For Stagg, the game presented an opportunity to play the best football team in the West, and for the University of Chicago's president William Rainey Harper, it was \"an opportunity to advertise the university in northern Ohio.\" Michigan won the inaugural match by a score of 18 to 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 73], "content_span": [74, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029347-0008-0001", "contents": "1892 Chicago Maroons football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Michigan\nAmos Alonzo Stagg was both the coach and starting right halfback for the 1892 Chicago Maroons. Chicago's full starting lineup was Conover (left end), Brenneman (left tackle), Smith (left guard), Rulkoelter (center), Knapp (right guard), Allen (right tackle), Chase (right end), Raycroft (quarterback), McGillivray (left halfback), Stagg (right halfback), Rapp (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 73], "content_span": [74, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029347-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Maroons football team, Season summary, Game 11: Illinois\nOn Wednesday, November 16, 1892, Chicago defeated Illinois by a 10\u20134 score in Chicago. Each team scored a touchdown but missed the goal after touchdown, and the first half ended in a 4\u20134 tie. In the second half, Stagg ran around the left end for a touchdown and kicked the goal after touchdown to give Chicago its 10\u20134 advantage. Illinois protested the legitimacy of Chicago's second touchdown and contended the game had rightfully ended in a tie. Chicago's lineup was Allen (left end), Brunerman (left tackle), Knapp (left guard), Rulkoetter (center), Smith (right guard), Wyant (right tackle), Chase (right end), Raycroft (quarterback), McGillivray (left halfback), Stagg (right halfback), and Rapp (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 69], "content_span": [70, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029347-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Maroons football team, Season summary, Game 12: at Purdue\nOn November 19, 1892, Chicago lost to Purdue by a 38\u20130 in a game played on Stuart Fieldl in West Lafayette, Indiana. Left tackle Finney scored five touchdowns for Purdue. Chicago's starting lineup against Purdue was Conover (left end), Brenman (left tackle), Knapp (left guard), Ruelkoepper (center), Smith (right guard), Allen (right tackle), Chase (right end), Raycroft (quarterback), Stagg (right halfback), McGillivray (left halfback), and Rapp (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029347-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Chicago Maroons football team, Season summary, Game 13: at Illinois\nOn November 24, 1892, Chicago played in its first Thanksgiving Day game, losing to Illinois by a 28\u201312 score in Champaign, Illinois. Stagg was unable to play in the game due to injury. Chicago's lineup against Illinois was O'Conner (left end), Breman (left tackle), Smith (left guard), Pullkaetter (center), Knapp (right guard), Wyant (right tackle), Chase (right end), Raycroft (quarterback), McGillivrey (halfback), Allen (halfback), Rapp (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029348-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Cincinnati Reds season\nThe 1892 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The National League expanded to 12 teams in 1892, and it was announced that the season would be split into two halves, with the winners of each half meeting in a \"World's Championship Series\". The Reds finished with a combined record of 82\u201368, fifth-best in the National League, finishing in fourth place in the first half and in eighth place in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029348-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nAfter a horrible 1891 season in which the Reds finished in a virtual tie for last place with a 56\u201381 record, the team fired manager Tom Loftus and replaced him with first baseman Charles Comiskey. Comiskey had previously been the player-manager of the St. Louis Browns of the American Association from 1883\u201389, leading the team to four straight pennants from 1885\u201388. He then was a player-manager with the Chicago Pirates of the Players' League in 1890, leading them to a fourth-place finish, followed by a return to the Browns in 1891, where he led them to a second-place finish with a record of 86\u201352.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029348-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nThe Reds acquired outfielder Tip O'Neill during the off-season, as he spent the 1891 season with Comiskey with the Browns, hitting .323 with ten homers and 95 RBI for the club. O'Neill's best season was in 1887 with the Browns, when he hit .435, with 225 hits, 167 runs, 52 doubles, nineteen triples, fourteen home runs and 123 RBI, all of which led the American Association. Catcher Morgan Murphy was picked by from the Boston Reds of the AA. Murphy hit .216 with four homers and 54 RBI in 106 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029348-0002-0001", "contents": "1892 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nAnother catcher, Farmer Vaughn, was signed after he split the 1891 season between the Cincinnati Kelly's Killers and Milwaukee Brewers of the AA. Vaughn hit .285 with a homer and 23 RBI between the two clubs. Pitcher Ice Box Chamberlain also signed with the Reds after posting a 22\u201323 record with a 4.22 with the Philadelphia Athletics of the AA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029348-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nBug Holliday once again was the Reds offensive leader, hitting .294 with a team high thirteen home runs and 91 RBI. Bid McPhee hit .274 with four homers and 60 RBI and 44 stolen bases, while Germany Smith hit .243 with eight homers and 63 RBI. On the mound, Tony Mullane led the staff with a 21\u201313 record and a 2.59 ERA, while Chamberlain had a 19\u201323 record with a 3.39 ERA in a team high 49 starts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029348-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary\nIn the first half of the season, the Reds started off strong and found themselves in the middle of the pennant race, sitting with a 26\u201316 record and in third place in the league, 4.5 games out of first, before they tallied off, finishing in fourth place with a 44\u201331 record, 8\u00bd games behind the Boston Beaneaters. In the second half, the Reds were mediocre, as they finished in eighth place with a 38\u201337 record, 14\u00bd games behind the Cleveland Spiders. They finished the season with a combined record of 82\u201368, which marked a big improvement over the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029348-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029348-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029348-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029348-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029349-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Cincinnati football team\nThe 1892 Cincinnati football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1892 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20132 record. Dan Laurence and James Robinson were the team captains. The team had no head coach and played its home games at Union Ball Park in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029350-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Cirencester by-election\nThe 1892 Cirencester by-election was held on 18 October 1892 after the retirement of the incumbent Liberal MP Arthur Brend Winterbotham. The seat was gained by the Conservative candidate Thomas Chester-Master. Chester-Master was originally declared the victor by 3 votes, but on petition and after scrutiny, the votes were declared equal and a new election was held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029351-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 City of Wellington by-election\nThe City of Wellington by-election of 1892 was a by-election held on 15 January 1892 during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the urban seat of the City of Wellington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029351-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 City of Wellington by-election, Background\nThe election was triggered due to the resignation of sitting Member Kennedy Macdonald amidst a bankruptcy claim. The contest was won by William McLean of the Liberal Party. McLean narrowly beat the conservative Francis Bell by 3,388 votes to 3,245.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029351-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 City of Wellington by-election, Background\nThe election was marred by a scandal over double voting. Over twenty cases of people casting votes more than once were discovered in a subsequent investigation. In his congratulatory speech to McLean, Prime Minister John Ballance also made reference to the scandal, alleging that the Tory Party had brought in outsiders to vote who had long ceased to be residents in the electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029351-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 City of Wellington by-election, Results\nMcLean held the seat until the 1893 general election, when he was defeated. Bell won a seat in Parliament for the Wellington electorate in 1893 and would go on to become Prime Minister more than three decades later. Macdonald was cleared of his bankruptcy charges but was not re-elected in 1893. He was later appointed to the Legislative Council in 1903.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029352-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Cleveland Spiders season\nThe 1892 Cleveland Spiders, led by star pitcher Cy Young, finished with a 93\u201356 overall record, second-best in the National League. In the first split season in Major League Baseball history, the Spiders finished in fifth place during the first half of the season, and in first place during the second half. After the season, they played against the first-half champions, the Boston Beaneaters, in the \"World's Championship Series\", which the Spiders lost, five games to none (with one tie).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029352-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029352-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029352-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029352-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029352-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike\nThe Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, labor strike of 1892 erupted in violence when labor union miners discovered they had been infiltrated by a Pinkerton agent who had routinely provided union information to the mine owners. The response to the labor violence, disastrous for the local miners' union, became the primary motivation for the formation of the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) the following year. The incident marked the first violent confrontation between the workers of the mines and their owners. Labor unrest continued after the 1892 strike, and surfaced again in the labor confrontation of 1899.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Background\nShoshone County, Idaho area miners organized into several local unions during the 1880s. Mine owners responded by forming a Mine Owners' Association. In 1891, the Coeur d'Alene district shipped ore containing US$4.9 million in lead, silver, and gold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Background\nThe mine operators got into a dispute with the railroads which had raised rates for hauling ore. Mine operators also introduced hole-boring machines into the mines. The new machines displaced single-jack and double-jack miners, forcing the men into new, lower-paid jobs as trammers or muckers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Background\nMine operators found a reduction in wages the easiest way to mitigate increased costs. After the machines were installed, the mine owners were going to pay the mine workers $3.00 to $3.50 per day, depending upon their specific jobs.p. 12 The operators also increased miners' work hours from nine to ten hours per day, with no corresponding increase in pay. The work week would be seven days long, with an occasional Sunday off for those who did not have pumping duty. The miners had other grievances; for example, high payments for room and board in company lodging, and check cashing fees at company saloons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike\nIn 1892, the miners declared a strike against the reduction of wages and the increase in work hours. The miners demanded that a \"living wage\"p.\u00a0 12 of $3.50 per day be paid to every man working underground\u2014the common laborer as well as the skilled. In an era when many unions were AFL craft unions, in which skilled workers frequently looked after their own kind, this was an unusual circumstance\u2014approximately three thousand higher-paid miners standing up for five hundred lower-paid, in this case common laborers. This principle of industrial unionism would animate Western hardrock miners for the next several decades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike\nWhen the union miners walked out of the mines, mining company recruiters enticed replacement workers to Coeur d'Alene during the strike. They advertised in Michigan, in some cases touting mining jobs in Montana, mentioning nothing about the strike. Guards were assigned to the trains that transported the men seeking work, and at least some of the workers felt they were in the \"custody of the guards.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike\nSoon every inbound train was filled with replacement workers. But groups of armed, striking miners would frequently meet them, and often threatened the workers to not take the jobs during a strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike\nThe silver-mine owners responded by hiring Pinkertons and the Thiel Detective Agency agents to infiltrate the union and report on strike activity. Pinkertons and other agents went into the district in large numbers.p. 12", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike\nSoon there was a significant security force available to protect new workers coming into the mines. For a time the struggle manifested as a war of words in the local newspapers, with mine owners and mine workers denouncing each other. There were incidents of brawling and arrests for carrying weapons. Two mines settled and opened with union men, and these mine operators were ostracized by other mine owners who did not want the union. But two large mines, the Gem mine and the Frisco mine in Burke-Canyon, were operating full scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike\nIn July a union miner was killed by mine guards, and the tension between the strikers and the mine owners and their replacement workers grew. The incident marked the first violent confrontation between the workers of the mines and their owners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike, Charles Siringo\nAn undercover Pinkerton agent, soon-to-be well-known lawman Charlie Siringo, had worked in the Gem Mine as a shoveler. Using the alias Charles Leon Allison, Siringo joined the Gem Miners' Union, and was elected recording secretary, providing him with access to all of the union's books and records. Siringo found the \"leaders of the Coeur d'Alene unions to be, as a rule, a vicious, heartless gang of anarchists.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 56], "content_span": [57, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike, Charles Siringo\nAccording to Siringo, he had at first turned down the assignment, because his sympathies were with the union. The Pinkerton Agency agreed that he could withdraw from the assignment after he became familiar with the situation, yet Siringo stayed on to complete the one year and two month assignment. Siringo apologized for his work spying on Colorado coal miners, but he never regretted his informant role in the Coeur d'Alene.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 56], "content_span": [57, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike, Charles Siringo\nSiringo promptly began to report all union business to his employers, allowing the mine owners to outmaneuver the miners on a number of occasions. Strikers planned to attack a train of incoming replacement workers, so the mine owners dropped them off in an unexpected location. When the Gem Union president, Oliver Hughes, ordered Siringo to remove a page from the union record book that recorded plans to flood the mines, the agent mailed that page to the Mine Owners' Association (MOA). George Pettibone also confided in Siringo of a planned July uprising to run the non-union workers and mine owners out of the country, and take possession of the mines for the union workers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 56], "content_span": [57, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike, Charles Siringo\nSiringo was suspected as a spy when the Mine Owners' Association newspaper, the Barbarian, published information which obviously came from a member of the union, but Siringo managed to escape capture and certain death. Siringo's testimony helped convict 18 union leaders, including George Pettibone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 56], "content_span": [57, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike, Violence at the Frisco and Gem mines\nOn Sunday night, July 10, armed union miners gathered on the hills above the Frisco mine. More union miners were arriving from surrounding communities. Strikers opened fire at 5 am on July 11, 1892, and guards and workers in the mill building returned fire. The guards and strikebreakers inside the mine and mill buildings were prepared for a long standoff, having been warned by Charlie Siringo. Both sides began shooting to kill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 77], "content_span": [78, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0014-0001", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike, Violence at the Frisco and Gem mines\nAfter three and a half hours of gunfire without casualties, striking miners on the hill above sent a bundle of dynamite down a sluice into the mill, destroying the building and crushing one of the strikebreakers, The rest of the strikebreakers in the wrecked Frisco mill surrendered and were taken to the union hall as prisoners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 77], "content_span": [78, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0015-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike, Violence at the Frisco and Gem mines\nAfter the Helena-Frisco strikebreakers surrendered, the striking miners shifted to the Gem mine, where a similar gunfight took place. The Gem miners were well-entrenched, but the Gem management, fearing similar destruction of property as took place at the Frisco, ordered the men to surrender. Three union men, one company guard and one strikebreaker were killed by gunfire before the strikebreakers surrendered. At the end of the day, six men were dead, three on each side, and there were 150 strikebreakers and guards held prisoner in the union hall. They were put on a train and were told to leave the county.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 77], "content_span": [78, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0016-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike, Violence at the Frisco and Gem mines\nMinutes after the explosion at the Frisco mine, hundreds of miners converged on Siringo's boarding house. But Siringo sawed a hole in the floor, dropped through and covered the hole with a trunk, then crawled for half a block under a wooden boardwalk. Above him, he could hear union men talking about the spy in their midst. Siringo escaped, and fled to the wooded hills above Burke-Canyon Creek.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 77], "content_span": [78, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0017-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike, Violence at the Frisco and Gem mines\nOn the evening of July 11, about 500 strikers left Gem by train to the Bunker Hill mine at Wardner. The Bunker Hill management was taken by surprise, and the strikers took possession of the ore mill during the night, and put a ton of explosive beneath it. The next morning they gave the manager the choice of discharging his non-union employees, or having his mill destroyed. He chose to get rid of the nonunion workforce. While these men waited to board a boat at Coeur d'Alene Lake, some striking miners fired again, and at least seventeen non-union workers were wounded. More than a hundred of the men decided not to wait for the boat, and they hiked out of the area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 77], "content_span": [78, 748]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0018-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Strike, Violence at the Frisco and Gem mines\nThe miners considered the battle over and the union issued a statement deploring \"the unfortunate affair at Gem and Frisco.\" Funerals were Wednesday afternoon, July 13. Three union men and two company men were buried.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 77], "content_span": [78, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0019-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Martial law\nThe governor declared Martial Law, and ordered in six companies of the Idaho National Guard to \"suppress insurrection and violence.\" Federal troops also arrived, and they confined six hundred miners in bullpens without any hearings or formal charges. Some were later \"sent up\" for violating injunctions, others for obstructing the United States mail.p. 13", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0020-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Martial law\nAfter the Guard and federal troops secured the area, Siringo came out of the mountains to identify union leaders, and those who had participated in the attacks on the Gem and Frisco mines. He wrote that \"As I knew all the agitators and union leaders, I was kept busy for the next week or so putting unruly cattle in the 'bull pen', a large stockade with a frame building in the center, for them to sleep and eat in.\" Siringo then returned to Denver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0021-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Martial law\nOne of the union leaders, George Pettibone, was convicted of contempt of court and criminal conspiracy. Pettibone was sent to Detroit and held until a decision of the Supreme Court released him. The Court concluded that the prisoners were held illegally. Union members held in jail in Boise, Idaho were also releasedp. 13 under the court decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0022-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Martial law, Founding of the Western Federation of Miners\nOn May 15, 1893, in Butte, Montana, the miners formed the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) as a direct result of their experiences in Coeur d'Alene. The WFM immediately called for outlawing the hiring of labor spies, but their demand was ignored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 90], "content_span": [91, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0023-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Martial law, Founding of the Western Federation of Miners\nThe WFM embraced the tradition that their organization was born in the Boise, Idaho, jail. Many years later, WFM Secretary-Treasurer Bill Haywood stated at a convention of the United Mine Workers of America that the Western Federation of Miners:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 90], "content_span": [91, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0024-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Martial law, Founding of the Western Federation of Miners\n...are not ashamed of having been born in jail, because many great things and many good things have emanated from prison cells.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 90], "content_span": [91, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0025-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Martial law, Founding of the Western Federation of Miners\nCharlie Siringo was not the only agent to have infiltrated the Coeur d'Alene miners' unions. In his book Big Trouble, author J. Anthony Lukas mentions that Thiel Operative 53 had also infiltrated, and had been the union secretary at Wardner. One of the demands of the WFM's founding Preamble was the prohibition of armed detectives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 90], "content_span": [91, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029353-0026-0000", "contents": "1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike, Martial law, Founding of the Western Federation of Miners\nCoeur d'Alene Miners engaged in another confrontation with mine owners in the Coeur d'Alene, Idaho labor confrontation of 1899.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 90], "content_span": [91, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029354-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Colgate football team\nThe 1892 Colgate football team represented Colgate University in the 1892 college football season. The team captain for the 1892 season was Preston Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029355-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1892 College Football All-America team was composed of college football players who were selected as the best players at their respective positions for the 1892 college football season, as selected by Caspar Whitney for Harper's Weekly and the Walter Camp Football Foundation. Whitney began publishing his All-America Team in 1889, and his list, which was considered the official All-America Team, was published in Harper's Weekly from 1891 to 1896. Harvard Law School student and football center William H. Lewis became the first African-American to be selected as an All-American in 1892, an honor he would receive again in 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029356-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Colombian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Colombia on 2 February 1892. The result was a victory for Rafael N\u00fa\u00f1ez of the National Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029356-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Colombian presidential election, Electoral system\nThe 1886 constitution changed the presidential electoral system from one where a candidate had to win a majority of states to be elected (or be elected by Congress if no candidate won a majority of states), to a two-stage system. Voters meeting literacy and property requirements (which were not required for local and regional elections) elected members of an electoral college, who in turn elected the President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029357-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Colorado Silver and Gold football team\nThe 1892 Colorado Silver and Gold football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1892 college football season. The team competed as an independent, without a head coach, and compiled a record of 3\u20132 which marked the program's first winning season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029358-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Colorado gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. People's Party nominee Davis Hanson Waite defeated Republican nominee Joseph Helm with 46.68% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029359-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. It was a rematch of the 1890 Connecticut gubernatorial election. Democratic nominee Luzon B. Morris defeated Republican nominee Samuel E. Merwin with 50.31% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029359-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nUnlike the previous election, which resulted in a deadlock and neither candidate inaugurated as governor, Morris's win was not challenged this time, and he was inaugurated governor on January 4, 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029360-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1892 Cork Senior Football Championship was the sixth staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029360-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Cork Senior Football Championship\nClondrohid won the championship following a 1-04 to 0-01 defeat of Kilmurry in the final. This was their second championship title in succession and their second title overall. It remains their last championship success.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029361-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1892 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the sixth staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029361-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 17 July 1892, Redmonds won the championship following a 2-4 to 0-5 defeat of Blackrock in the final. This was their first championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029362-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1892 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1892 college football season. The team compiled a 10\u20131 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 432 to 54. Its sole loss was by a 20\u201314 score against Harvard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029363-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Costa Rican census\nThe Costa Rica 1892 Census was elaborated by then Direcci\u00f3n General de Estad\u00edstica y Censos, predecessor of current National Institute of Statistics and Census. The total population was at the moment 243,205.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029364-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 County Championship\nThe 1892 County Championship was the third officially organised running of the County Championship in cricket in England, and ran from 18 May to 27 August 1892. Surrey County Cricket Club claimed their third successive title by winning 13 of their 16 games. The match between Lancashire and Somerset at Old Trafford finished within one day, when Somerset were bowled out for 88 and 58.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029365-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Crescent Athletic Club football team\nThe 1892 Crescent Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Crescent Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1892 college football season. The team played its home games at Eastern Park in Brooklyn, compiled a 2\u20133\u20131 record, and won the AFU championship. Harry Beecher, who played for Yale from 1884 to 1887, was the Crescent team's quarterback and captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029366-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Croatian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections for the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia Parliament were held on 30\u201331 May and 1\u20132 June 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029367-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Currie Cup\nThe 1892 Currie Cup was the first edition of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029367-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Currie Cup\nThe tournament was won by  Western Province, who won all four of their matches in the competition, beating  Border,  Griqualand West,  Natal and  Transvaal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029368-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Danish Folketing election\nFolketing elections were held in Denmark on 20 April 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029369-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Dartmouth football team\nThe 1892 Dartmouth football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1892 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029370-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Democratic National Convention\nThe 1892 Democratic National Convention was held in Chicago, Illinois, June 21\u2013June 23, 1892 and nominated former President Grover Cleveland, who had been the party's standard-bearer in 1884 and 1888. This marked the last time a former president was renominated by a major party. Adlai E. Stevenson of Illinois was nominated for vice president. The ticket was victorious in the general election, defeating the Republican nominees, President Benjamin Harrison and his running mate, Whitelaw Reid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029370-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Democratic National Convention, The Convention, Presidential Candidates\nBy the end of Harrison's term, many Americans were ready to return to Cleveland's harder policies on the currency issue. As Democrats convened in Chicago, Illinois on June 8\u2013June 11, 1892, Cleveland was the frontrunner for the nomination, but faced formidable opposition. He had come out against the free coinage of silver, thereby earning the enmity of Western and Southern Democrats. Most damaging of all was the opposition of his home state; the New York delegation, packed with Tammany men, frequently demonstrated their hostility to Cleveland's candidacy on the convention floor. However, Cleveland's cause was aided by his position on the tariff, his perceived electability, a strong organization, and the weakness of his rivals' candidacies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029370-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Democratic National Convention, The Convention, Presidential Candidates\nThree names were placed in nomination: Grover Cleveland, David B. Hill, and Horace Boies. In a narrow first-ballot victory, Cleveland received 617.33 votes, barely 10 more than needed, to 114 for Senator Hill of New York, the candidate of Tammany Hall, 103 for Governor Boies of Iowa, a populist and former Republican, and the rest scattered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029370-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Democratic National Convention, The Convention, Vice Presidential Candidates\nAllen G. Thurman, Cleveland's running mate in 1888, was not re-selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 81], "content_span": [82, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029370-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Democratic National Convention, The Convention, Vice Presidential Candidates\nFour names were placed in nomination: Isaac P. Gray, Adlai E. Stevenson, Allen B. Morse, and John L. Mitchell. Cleveland forces preferred Gray of Indiana for vice president, but Gray faced opposition due to his past as a Republican and his electorally unimportant home state. Stevenson of Illinois defeated Gray on the second ballot. As a supporter of using greenbacks and free silver to inflate the currency and alleviate economic distress in rural districts, Stevenson balanced the ticket headed by Cleveland, a hard-money, gold-standard supporter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 81], "content_span": [82, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029371-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Dissolution Honours\nThe 1892 Dissolution Honours List was issued in August 1892 following the general election of that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029371-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Dissolution Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029371-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Dissolution Honours, Privy Councillor\nThe Queen appointed the following to Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029372-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Doane Tigers football team\nThe 1892 Doane Tigers football team represented Doane College in the 1892 college football season. Led by F. P. Reed in his only year as head coach, the Doane compiling a record of 1\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029373-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Drexel Dragons football team\nThe 1892 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute\u2014now known as Drexel University\u2013as an independent during the 1892 college football season. The team did not have a head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029374-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 East Adelaide colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the South Australian House of Assembly seat of East Adelaide on 23 January 1892. This was triggered by the resignation of the progressive former Premier and state MHA John Cox Bray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029374-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 East Adelaide colonial by-election\nSuccessful 1891 Wallaroo by-election candidate Richard Hooper was the first Labor member of the House of Assembly, but was not a member of the newly formed United Labor Party (ULP), instead serving as an Independent Labor member. Although he attended caucus meetings he never joined the ULP. The 1892 East Adelaide by-election saw ULP candidate John McPherson win the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029374-0001-0001", "contents": "1892 East Adelaide colonial by-election\nIt was the first time the ULP had won a seat in the House of Assembly, with electoral success to be followed at the 1893 colonial election, winning 10 of 54 seats and the balance of power, allowing the ULP to support the liberal opposition led by Charles Kingston in defeating the conservative government led by John Downer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029375-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 East Macquarie colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Macquarie on 13 August 1892 because James Tonkin (Free Trade) resigned due to bankruptcy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029376-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 East Worcestershire by-election\nThe East Worcestershire by-election, 1892 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of East Worcestershire on 30 March 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029376-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 East Worcestershire by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election was caused by the expulsion from Parliament of the sitting Liberal Unionist MP, George Hastings. Hastings had held the seat since 1880, first as a Liberal but after 1886 as a Liberal Unionist. In March 1892 he pleaded guilty at the Old Bailey to an indictment accusing him of misappropriating trust money in his charge. As a Trustee for property under the will of a Major John Brown, he had appropriated over \u00a320,000 from the estate. This left the children of Major Brown a sum of around \u00a37,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029376-0001-0001", "contents": "1892 East Worcestershire by-election, Vacancy\nIn his summing up the judge, Mr Justice A L Smith, said that Hastings\u2019 actions had left the four children of Major Brown \u201con the verge of want\u201d. He then sentenced Hastings to a term of five years penal servitude. By a motion put to the House of Commons on 21 March 1892 by Arthur Balfour, in his role as Leader of the House it was agreed to expel Hastings from Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029376-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 East Worcestershire by-election, Candidates\nAs a Liberal Unionist seat, it was a matter of importance to the party that one of its men should be selected to fight the by-election in the Unionist interest. This was against the background of a number of Liberal Unionist disputes with the Conservatives  over candidate selection in the Birmingham area going back some years. Joseph Chamberlain was keen to ensure a Liberal Unionist candidate to shore up his position vis-a-vis the Tories on his home patch, particularly as his family residence, Highbury Hall fell just within the northern boundary of the East Worcestershire seat. More importantly perhaps, his son Austen Chamberlain had recently been approved as Unionist candidate for the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029376-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 East Worcestershire by-election, Candidates\nThe Conservatives were however unwilling to concede the seat, at least without some attempt to impose conditions. The Chairman of the local Conservative Association, Victor Milward, tried to insist that Chamberlain must pledge to oppose any move towards disestablishment of the Church of England. But this would not have played well with many former Liberal voters, coming from the nonconformist tradition, who now supported the Liberal Unionists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029376-0003-0001", "contents": "1892 East Worcestershire by-election, Candidates\nIt was also pointed out that if the Tories were insisting on Liberal Unionists opposing disestablishment to gain their backing as candidates, pledges in favour of disestablishment might be asked of Conservatives by their Liberal Unionist allies in future disputed contests. In the end the Conservatives felt they could not force their opinions on Chamberlain and supported his candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029376-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 East Worcestershire by-election, Candidates\nThe Liberals had not opposed Hastings at the last election and evidently had no candidate in the field or poised to enter the fray. Chamberlain was nominated ten times from each district within the constituency, each nomination being signed by five Liberal Unionists and five Conservatives. There being no other nominations, Chamberlain was returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029377-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Ecuadorian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Ecuador in 1892. The result was a victory for Luis Cordero Crespo, who received 97% of the vote. He took office on 1 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029378-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Edmonton municipal election\nThe 1892 Edmonton municipal election, held February 10, 1892,  was the first after the incorporation of Edmonton as a town, and was held to elect the new town's first town council (consisting of a mayor and six aldermen) for a one-year term. It saw Matthew McCauley acclaimed as Edmonton's first mayor, and elected Colin Strang, Daniel Fraser, Edward Carey, James Goodridge, John Cameron, and Philip Daly from a field of fourteen candidates for aldermen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029378-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Edmonton municipal election, Background\nIn 1891, the Canadian Pacific Railway's main line, which had passed well south of Edmonton, was extended northward into Strathcona, then known as South Edmonton. Edmonton came to fear that the presence of the railway across the North Saskatchewan River would result in it being surpassed by its southern neighbour, and calls for the railway to be brought to Edmonton grew louder (this objective would be achieved in 1905). As part of these efforts, it was judged appropriate to apply for a town charter, which was granted effective February 15, 1892, when the first town council was to be sworn into office. The election of the first council was fixed for February 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029378-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Edmonton municipal election, Candidates\nNomination day was February 3, one week before the election, and nominations were accepted between ten am and noon. All nominated candidates ran as independents, as political parties did not begin to make their appearance until after Edmonton was incorporated as a city in 1904.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029378-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Edmonton municipal election, Candidates, Mayoral nominations\nMatthew McCauley was nominated by George Sanderson and Colin Strang and was the only mayoral candidate nominated. As such, he was declared elected by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 65], "content_span": [66, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029378-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Edmonton municipal election, Candidates, Aldermanic nominations\nAlthough there would eventually be fourteen candidates contesting the election, on nomination day there were seventeen nominated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 68], "content_span": [69, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029378-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Edmonton municipal election, Issues\nAs Edmonton had yet to be incorporated at the time of election, most questions facing any municipality would have to be addressed in some form by the new council. The Edmonton Bulletin, in a February 6 editorial, listed several that it thought that candidates should be addressing:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029378-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Edmonton municipal election, Issues\nAdditionally, in a February 13 editorial the Bulletin reminded the new council that the major purpose of incorporation had been to either construct a railroad bridge across the North Saskatchewan River or, in the event that Canadian Pacific Railway was not amenable to the idea, construct a traffic bridge to lead to the train station in South Edmonton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029378-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Edmonton municipal election, Campaign, Candidate activity\nThe campaign was a lacklustre one; the Bulletin claimed on February 6 that only Philip Daly had even bothered to release his policies and called upon the candidates to organize a public meeting on one of the campaign's last days. Several of the aldermanic candidates - Strang, Goodridge, Daly, and Fraser - made campaign speeches at the nomination meeting, but these were brief and promised only that the candidate would serve the town to the best of his ability if elected. On election day itself, the Bulletin reported \"light canvassing\" by several of the candidates, and none at all by others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029378-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Edmonton municipal election, Campaign, Endorsements\nThe Edmonton Bulletin, the town's only paper, did not make any specific endorsements. However, it did advise voters that", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029378-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Edmonton municipal election, Campaign, Endorsements\nin municipal matters the only money handled comes directly sooner or later from the pockets of the individual ratepayers and therefore that a man who is liable for a large amount of taxes is more apt to be careful of expenditure than one whose taxes are not as important an item to him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029378-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Edmonton municipal election, The election, Voter turnout\nEligibility to vote in the election was restricted to \"men, unmarried women and widows, being British subjects over 21 years of age, who have been owners or householders within the municipality for a period of not less than three months next preceding the day of voting\". Of these, 234 cast ballots (although five of these were spoiled) out of an estimated eligible voter base of 200. Elections officials attributed this to an \"unexpected population spurt\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029378-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Edmonton municipal election, The election, Election staff\nThe election was overseen by Returning Officer A. G. Randall, who was assisted by Deputy Returning Officer E. J. Bangs, Election Clerk J. C. F. Brown, Poll Clerk J. R. Michael, and Constable F. Shaw (who provided a mounted police patrol at the poll through election day).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029378-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 Edmonton municipal election, Reaction\nAfter McCauley's acclamation, the Bulletin commented that this event \"while, no doubt, very pleasing to gentleman is not less satisfactory to the large majority of the ratepayers of the town\" and praised the new mayor as a man of \"energy and good judgment that, shown in lesser offices in the past, has won for him the public confidence.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029379-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 English cricket season\n1892 was the third season of County Championship cricket in England. Surrey set a record number of wins with thirteen of their sixteen matches to retain the title. George Lohmann and Bill Lockwood took over 100 wickets each in the 16 Championship matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029380-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Epsom Derby\nThe 1892 Epsom Derby was a horse race which took place at Epsom Downs on 1 June 1892. It was the 112th running of the Derby and was won by Sir Hugo. The winner was ridden by Fred Allsopp and trained by Tom Wadlow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029380-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Epsom Derby, Full result\n* The distances between the horses are shown in lengths or shorter. shd = short-head; hd = head; PU = pulled up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029381-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1892 European Figure Skating Championships were held on January 24. Elite figure skaters competed for the title of European Champion in the category of men's singles. The competitors performed only compulsory figures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029381-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe skating association of Germany and Austria joined in one club \"Deutscher und \u00d6sterreichischer Eislaufverband\" organised also these second European Championships in figure skating in Vienna, Austria in 1892 even before the International Skating Union (ISU) was found.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029382-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 FA Cup Final\nThe 1892 FA Cup Final was contested by West Bromwich Albion and Aston Villa at the Kennington Oval. This was the last FA Cup Final to be played at Kennington Oval due to the Surrey Cricket authorities becoming increasingly alarmed at the large crowds now being attracted to the main game in the footballing calendar. Albions form throughout the league season had been erratic and Villa supporters felt that all they had to do was turn up and the cup was theirs for the taking. West Bromwich Albion won 3\u20130, with goals by Alfred Geddes, Sammy Nicholls and Jack Reynolds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029382-0000-0001", "contents": "1892 FA Cup Final\nVilla began brightly on a warm, sunny day which helped swell the attendance to almost 33,000, but Albion had an early surprise in store and after just 4 minutes took the lead. Villa fought back hard but they found the Albion keeper Joe Reader in tremendous form. Albion then made it 2-0 on the 27 minute mark and 10 minutes into the 2nd half, Villa's last hopes disappeared when Albion went 3 up. Albion defended resolutely to see out the game with a clean-sheet and return with the cup to their Stoney Lane home. This was the first FA Cup Final in which goal-nets were used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029383-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Florida gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Florida gubernatorial election was held on October 4, 1892. Democratic nominee Henry L. Mitchell defeated People's Party nominee Alonzo P. Baskin with 78.70% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029384-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Fordham football team\nThe 1892 Fordham football team, also known as the St. John's football team, was an American football team that represented Fordham College, also known as St. John's College, as an independent during the 1892 college football season. Under first-year head coach Harry Ely, Fordham claims a 33\u20137 record. No contemporaneous press report has been found for many of the games, and a newspaper report from late November 1892 stated that Fordham disbanded its team with a 3\u20132 record. College Football Data Warehouse (CFDW) lists the team's record at 2\u20132. Opponents recognized by CFDW are displayed in bold in the schedule chart below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029385-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe 1892 French Rugby Championship was the inaugural annual French rugby union championship organised on 20 March 1892 by the USFSA, a one off game between Racing Club de France and Stade Fran\u00e7ais. The game was refereed by Pierre de Coubertin and saw Racing win 4\u20133. Racing were awarded the Bouclier de Brennus, which continues to be awarded to the winners of the Top 14. The trophy was the idea of de Coubertin who commissioned Charles Brennus, a member of the USFSA and a professional engraver, to design it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029385-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 French Rugby Union Championship, Notes and references\nThis article about a rugby union competition is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029386-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Furman Purple Hurricane football team\nThe 1892 Furman Purple Hurricane football team represented the Furman Purple Hurricane of Furman University during the 1892 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029387-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Geneva Covenanters football team\nThe 1892 Geneva Covenanters football team was an American football team that represented Geneva College as an independent during the 1892 college football season. Led by third-year head coach William McCracken, Geneva compiled a record of 3\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029388-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Georgetown football team\nThe 1892 Georgetown football team represented the Georgetown University during the 1892 college football season. Georgetown finished the season with a 4\u20132\u20131 record. Tommy Dowd, who also played baseball for the Washington Senators, served as Georgetown's head coach for the second season. They played home games at Boundary Park, also the home venue for the Senators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029389-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nThe 1892 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1892 college football season and was its first football team ever fielded. The team completed its inaugural season with a 1\u20131 record. The Bulldogs played their first inter-collegiate football game in history against Mercer and won by a final score of 50\u20130. Georgia's second and final game of 1892 was against Auburn, which marked the beginning of a rivalry that would later become known as the Deep South's Oldest Rivalry. This was the Georgia Bulldogs' one and only season under the guidance of head coach Charles Herty, the so-called father of football at Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029390-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Georgia Tech football team\nThe 1892 Georgia Tech football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1892 college football season. It was the team's inaugural season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election\nThe second election to the Glamorgan County Council was held on 8 March 1892. The 1889 election was the first contest and the next was the 1895 election. Glamorgan County Council had been established by the 1888 Local Government Act, and the first election held in January 1889. Glamorgan was by far the largest county in Wales in terms of population. The county of Glamorgan was at this time becoming heavily industrialised, although some areas such as the Vale of Glamorgan remained essentially rural.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0000-0001", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election\nThe rise of nonconformist liberalism, especially since the 1860s, throughout Wales, had challenged the prevailing influence of the landed gentry. However, even in 1889, the traditional forces remained influential and no working men were elected to the Council. This changed in 1892 with the unopposed return of David Morgan in Aberdare and the success of Isaac Evans in Resolven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election\nMost candidates were described either as Liberals or as Conservatives; but these allegiances were fluid, and in most cases there was no evidence of a connection between candidates and local Liberal or Conservative party organisations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Overview of the Result\nThe Liberal Party was once again triumphant and won a majority of the seats. Indeed, in the contested elections only two Conservative-supported candidates were successful, Edwin Price and Bridgend and Captain Lindsay at Llantwit Fardre, Both stood as nominally Independent candidates. The Liberals regarded their successes at Penarth to be among their most notable victories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Overview of the Result\nA notable feature of these elections was the return of a number of working men and others as Lib-Lab candidates. this was notable in the Rhondda but also elsewhere. David Morgan (Dai o'r Nant) was returned unopposed at Gadlys, Aberdare and two other miners' agents were elected. In the Garw Valley, John Thomas defeated another Liberal candidate while at Resolven, Isaac Evans defeated the sitting member, Edwards-Vaughan of Rheola.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Overview of the Result\nThe Conservatives held a number of seats unopposed and a small number of Independent candidates were returned. These were, in most cases, regarded as Conservatives, for example in Bridgend and Pontypridd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Boundary Changes\nThere were a limited number of boundary changes at this election, resulting in the abolition of the six two-member wards which existed at the inaugural election in 1889. These were divided, in each case, into two single-member wards, as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Candidates and Unopposed Returns\n66 members were returned to the Council, all of whom represented single member wards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Candidates and Unopposed Returns\nThere were 37 unopposed returns, as compared to a mere three at the initial election in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Candidates and Unopposed Returns\nAs shown in the table the vast majority were Liberals, although their number includes Rees Hopkin Rhys who was described as a Liberal at this election. Among the other unopposed returns was Sir John Jones Jenkins at Oystermouth and David Morgan at Gadlys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested Elections\nThe election was fought on largely political lines with the Liberals contesting nearly every seat. In some cases two Liberals faced each other and there was little evidence of an attempt to limit the number of candidates in order to avoid splitting the vote and allowing a candidate of a different political persuasion to win the seat. In many ways this provides evidence that the Liberal Party in Glamorgan was such a broad coalition that it encompassed both leading coal owners and active trade unionists. As such, tensions were almost inevitable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested Elections, Aberdare Valley\nAt the previous election, three Conservatives were returned for the five seats in the Aberdare area. On this occasion, four of the seats were won by Liberals, including David Morgan at Gadlys. The remaining Conservative, Rees Hopkin Rhys was now nominally at least, returned as a Liberal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested Elections, Cardiff and South Glamorgan\nIn this area the Conservatives were stronger than in the industrial valleys. However, the Liberals gained ground, notably by capturing both seats at Penarth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 88], "content_span": [89, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested Elections, Merthyr Tydfil\nThe Liberals also captured the majority of the seats in Merthyr Tydfil, although the Conservatives retained a firm grip on Dowlais and neighbouring Caeharris. At Cyfaththfa, the Labour candidate won a notable victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested Elections, Rhondda District\nIn contrast to the somewhat raucous campaign three years earlier, the campaign in the Rhondda was a peaceful one although a number of the wards were closely contested. Most of the pits were closed early, the weather was fine. Vehicles belonging to various tradesmen conducted the electors to the polls and \"scores of miners from different pits were to bo observed hastily trudging home to wash themselves before recording their votes for their favourite candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0013-0001", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested Elections, Rhondda District\nOne striking feature in connection with the elections was the conspicuous absence of drunken persons about the booths and in the streets, and the quietness and tho amicable feeling prevailing among the supporters of the various candidates, who cordially shook hands with each other and chatted together freely for some time.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Retiring Aldermen\nBefore the election there was a widespread assumption, shared by a number of the retiring aldermen, that they would be automatically re-elected as aldermen without seeking election. In the weeks before the election, there was a debate in the press about whether sitting aldermen could contest the election. This debate was fuelled to a considerable extent by personal rivalries and it soon became clear that there was nothing to prohibit sitting aldermen to seek election as councillors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0015-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Retiring Aldermen\nOf the eleven retiring aldermen, only three sought re-election and it appears that many of the others had assumed, wrongly as it transpired (see below, 'Election of Aldermen') that they would be-appointed without contesting an election. Both Gwilym Jones at Dyffryn and Aaron Davies at Pontlottyn were successful, while Rees Harries was returned unopposed at Llandeilo Talybont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0016-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Aberaman\nThomas Davies had been elected at a by-election in 1889 following the elevation of T.P. White to the aldermanic bench. White had moved from Cwmaman to Maesycymmer during the intervening period and did not seek re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0017-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Aberavon\nJ.M. Smith had been elected at a by-election in 1889 following the elevation of Richard Jenkins to the aldermanic bench.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0018-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Barry and Cadoxton\nJohn Claxton Meggitt had been elected at a by-election in 1889 following the elevation of John Cory to the aldermanic bench. In 1892 it was anticipated that Cory would be re-appointed as an alderman without facing the electorate, although Meggitt offered to stand down when this proved not to be the case. After the election, when the Liberal group decided that aldermen would be chosen only from amongst elected members, Meggitt reluctantly agreed to be nominated so that Cory could take the vacant seat (see 'By-elections' below).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0019-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Bridgend\nThe previous Conservative member, Lord Dunraven, elected in 1889, only attended two meetings of the council. The Liberal press, while deploring the failure of the Liberal candidate, described as a shrewd businessman, welcomed the fact that the interests of the town would now be represented. Three years later, when the Liberals captured the seat for the first time, it was recalled that Price, upon his victory, was carried shoulder-high to the Conservative Club. Although nominally a Conservative loss this was not how the result was widely regarded as the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0020-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Briton Ferry\nAt a by-election in 1889 following the elevation of William Hunter to the aldermanic bench, Jenkin Hill was defeated by the Conservative candidate, W.P. Struve. Struve did not seek re-election, allowing Hill to capture the seat in a straight fight with another Liberal candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 61], "content_span": [62, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0021-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Caerphilly\nHenry Anthony had been elected at a by-election in 1889 following the elevation of David Lewis to the aldermanic bench.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0022-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Cowbridge\nJ.S. Gibbon had captured the seat for the Conservatives at a by-election in 1889 following the elevation of Thomas Rees to the aldermanic bench.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 58], "content_span": [59, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0023-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Cymmer\nAt a by-election in 1889 following the elevation of Dr Henry Naunton Davies to the aldermanic bench, his brother, Dr Evan Naunton Davies had been elected. In 1892, Evan Naunton Davies did not seek re-election, leading to a contest between the Lib-Lab candidate, Moses Moses, and Idris Williams, a native of the Rhondda and a prominent if somewhat controversial figure in the public life of the valley. Moses thus became the Rhondda's first labour county councillor. He was supported at the election by the Porth Labour Committee, and ad hoc organisation which did not re-appear at subsequent elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0024-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Gadlys\nAlthough Benjamin Evans, the so-called 'Bishop of Gadlys', had initially intended to contest the seat he withdrew in favour of David Morgan, miners' agent. The two men became bitter rivals in later years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0025-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Garw Valley\nThe elected member was a miners' agent and ally of Mabon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0026-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Hirwaun\nMorgan, returned at a by-election in 1889, was returned unopposed after rumours that he would be opposed by Owen Harris, a Trecynon tradesman involved in local politics, proved unfounded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0027-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Llandeilo Talybont\nRees Harries had been elected alderman in 1889 and Thomas Freeman, who served as Mayor of Swansea in 1889-90 was returned unopposed at the ensuing by-election. At one stage it was reported that Freeman would contest the seat at this election, possibly because of the uncertainty over whether sitting aldermen could stand. However, Rees Harries decided to contest the seat and Freeman stood aside in his favour. Harries was not among the new aldermen elected by the Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0028-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Llantwit Vardre\nThis contest was regarded as the only instance in the county where a Liberal was ousted by a Conservative. Lindsay, although running as an Independent was regarded as a Conservative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0029-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Llwydcoed\nRhys, a prominent figure in the public life of Aberdare for decades and Chairman of the Local Board of Health, was returned unopposed. Although described as a Liberal he had in the past been associated with the Conservative Party and his return in 1889 had been regarded as a defeat for the local Liberal Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 58], "content_span": [59, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0030-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Neath (South)\nJohn Arnold died, aged 49, shortly before the next election in 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0031-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Penarth North\nThis was regarded by the Liberals as one of the most significant contests, as David Morgan's personal popularity was expected to be a factor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0032-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Penarth South\nThe Liberal candidate, who was said to be popular among Conservatives as well as Liberals, hade refused to stand as an Independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0033-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Pentre\nMorris, the sitting member and official Rhondda Labour and Liberal Association candidate in 1889, found himself at odds with the RLLA local committee which chose estate went Elias Henry Davies to oppose him. The third Liberal candidate, Daniel Eynon, was a colliery manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0034-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Porth and Penygraig\nMorgan Williams. lodge secretary at Ynyshir Colliery,  was supported at the election by the Porth Labour Committee, and ad hoc organisation which did not re-appear at subsequent elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0035-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Treforest\nThe sitting councillor did not seek re-election and it was felt that the young Liberal candidate, 'Willie' Spickett faced a formidable opponent in the Chair of the Pontypridd Local Board of Health. Leyshon stood as an Independent but was regarded as a Conservative candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 58], "content_span": [59, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0036-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Treorchy\nDaronwy Isaac, miners' agent and ally of Mabon, stood as an unofficial candidate although he was President of the Rhondda Labour and Liberal Association. His opponent, William Morris was minister of Noddfa, Treorchy and already active in local government as a member of the Ystradyfodwg School Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0037-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Trealaw and Tonypandy\nThe contest was reported to have been conducted with bitterness and bad feeling. Mr. Williams's record on the Council is a very satisfac- tory one. and it would have been hard indeed not to return one who has been tried and not found wanting. At the same time we are sorry that the Councifshould be without the services of Mr. T. P. Jenkins, who for many years was the chairman of the Rhondda Liberal and Labour Association, the first labour magistrate in Wales, and a man of great business capacity. The conflict between two good Liberals was most unfortunate. especially since it has generated so much ill feeling, and it is unfortunate that Mr. Jenkins did not elect to stand for another constituency against a Tory candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0038-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Ystrad\nThomas, the retiring councillor, announced that he would not seek re-election but reversed his decision on learning that Cory would be the new candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0039-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nIn addition to the 66 councillors the council consisted of 22 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the 1892, there were eleven Aldermanic vacancies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0040-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nAt a meeting of the South Wales Liberal Federation in Cardiff, a decision was taken that only elected members be elected aldermen. Even the Liberal journal, the South Wales Star thought that it was unfortunate that this ruling was made after the election when only three sitting aldermen had stood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0041-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nTwo of the three retiring aldermen who had contested the election were re-elected to the aldermanic bench, namely Aaron Davies and W.H. Mathias. Rees Harries was not re-elected. J.C. Meggitt consented to be elected an alderman in order to allow John Cory to return as councillor for Barry (see below). The election of Moses Moses suggests that Liberal representatives on the County Council were more prepared than local leaders in the Rhondda to advance labour representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0042-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nThe following aldermen were appointed by the newly elected council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0043-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Aberdare Town by-election\nIn the Town Ward, Aberdare, following David Price Davies's election as alderman, the contest was said to have created an intense amount of enthusiasm and more excitement than has been known to an election in this parish for many years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 79], "content_span": [80, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0044-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Barry and Cadoxton by-election\nJohn Cory was returned unopposed following john Claxton Meggitt's reluctant elevation to the aldermanic bench to make way for him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 84], "content_span": [85, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0045-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Caerphilly by-election\nFollowing Henry Anthony's election as alderman, Richard Hill-Male, who had opposed him at the recent election, was now chosen as the official nominee of the Liberal Association. However, David Lewis, elected as Liberal councillor in 1889 and whose aldermanic term had lapsed also chose to contest the seat, and a number of lively meetings took place. On polling day, Hill-Male was returned with a comfortable majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0046-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Cwmavon by-election\nThe by-election followed the election of Herbert Evans as alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0047-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Cymmer by-election\nIdris Williams, narrowly defeated at the recent election by Moses Moses. was returned unopposed after a stormy meeting at Bethania Chapel, Dinas, when only members of the Liberal Association (the so-called 'Three Hundred') were allowed to vote. Eventually, Williams, who was also narrowly defeated at the 1889 election, was unanimously selected. Technically, the return of Williams represented a Liberal gain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0048-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Ogmore Valley by-election\nWilliam Llewellyn, grocer, of Gwalia House, Tynewydd defeated William Jenkins, Ystradfechan, Treorchy, mining engineer at the Ocean Collieries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 79], "content_span": [80, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0049-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Sketty by-election\nFollowing the election of John Powell as alderman, Robert Armine Morris, a prominent figure in the municipal life of Swansea, and a member of a leading family in the industrial life of the district, won the seat for the Conservatives. The campaign included a public meeting addressed by both candidates. Prominent local Liberals were alleged to have at least tacitly supported Morris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0050-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Tirdeunaw by-election\nFollowing the election of Sir H. Hussey Vivian, the chairman of the Council, as an alderman, two Liberal candidates contested the vacancy. Thomas Freeman was a past Mayor of Swansea and a prominent figure in the public life of the town who had also served as councillor for Llandeilo Talybont on the first council. He was defeated by Llewellyn Davies who had unsuccessfully contested Margam against A.P. Vivian in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029391-0051-0000", "contents": "1892 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Tylorstown and Ynyshir by-election\nThe candidate was returned unopposed following a meeting of electors at Hermon, Pontygwaith. This outcome appears to have been challenged by the supporters of a certain Mr Fenwick, and a further meeting was held at which Hughes was again chosen, by 80 votes against 67 for Fenwick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 88], "content_span": [89, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029392-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team\nThe 1892 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Gonzaga University during the 1892 college football season. In their first season they played one game, a 4\u20134 tie against the Spokane A.C. on Thanksgiving day (November 24). Their head coach was Henry Luhn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029392-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team\nTheir were 500 people in attendance for the game. The length of the game was two 35 minute halves while the players had 3 downs to get 5 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029393-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Grand National\nThe 1892 Grand National was the 54th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 20 March 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029394-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 3 May 1892. Supporters of Charilaos Trikoupis emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, with 160 of the 207 seats. Trikoupis became Prime Minister for the sixth time on 22 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029395-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Greensburg Athletic Association season\nThe 1892 Greensburg Athletic Association season was their third season in existence. The team's record for this season is largely unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029396-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Guatemalan presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Guatemala in January 1892. The result was a victory for Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Reina Barrios.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029396-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Guatemalan presidential election, Background\nReyna Barrios finally made it back to Guatemala, in time to run for office in the 1892 presidential elections. It was the first election in Guatemala that allowed the candidates to make propaganda in the local newspapers. The candidates who ran for office were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029396-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Guatemalan presidential election, Background\nBarillas Bercian was unique among all liberal presidents of Guatemala between 1871 and 1944: he handed over power to his successor peacefully. When election time approached, he sent for the three Liberal candidates to ask them what their government plan would be. The following anecdote recounts better what happened then:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029396-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Guatemalan presidential election, Background\nFirst arrived lawyer Francisco Lainfiesta, and General Barillas, with the friendliest of smiles, said: \"Mr. Lainfiesta: you are one of the candidates in the upcoming elections and perhaps the more likely to win. Therefore, I would like to know what your attitude and your political system of government will be, if you get to win. Especially, I would like to know your attitude about my person; because I have made my mistakes, I do not deny it. I was a simple worker at my carpentry when General Justo Rufino Barrios sent for me to be appointed second presidential designate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029396-0003-0001", "contents": "1892 Guatemalan presidential election, Background\nI would therefore, Mr. Lainfiesta, know what conduct you will observe towards me.\" Mr. Lainfiesta said: \"General Barillas: if luck would favor me with the election victory, my government will be based on strict adherence to the Constitution; the law would be the law and anyone who has acquired some responsibility, will have to answer for it before the relevant courts. A firm and righteous compliance with the constitutional provisions shall be the standard of my conduct as president\". \"Very well\" said general Barillas, and both parted cordially.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029396-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Guatemalan presidential election, Background\nBarillas then brought in Dr. Mont\u00fafar and interrogated him in the same or similar way as he had done Mr. Lainfiesta. Dr. Mont\u00fafar responded in similar terms as Lainfiesta, stressing his claims to obedience of the Constitution and strict enforcement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029396-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Guatemalan presidential election, Background\nFinally general Reyna Barrios came in; when in the midst of pleasant conversation, General Barillas repeated his question, and Reyna replied, with a sincere smile: \"We should not even talk about that, general; because you and I are the same. Rest assured that I will know how to respect and protect you.\" And then both shook hands with effusion. By the election period, the first two days of voting favored Lainfiesta. But by the third day, a huge column of Quetzaltenango and Totonicap\u00e1n Indigenous people came down from the mountains to vote for general Reyna Barrios. The official agents did their job: Reyna was elected president and, not to offend the losing candidates, Barillas gave them checks to cover the costs of their presidential campaigns. Reyna Barrios, of course, received nothing, but he went on to become President on March 15, 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 901]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029397-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Hampden\u2013Sydney Tigers football team\nThe 1892 Hampden\u2013Sydney football team represented Hampden\u2013Sydney College during the 1892 college football season. In the fall of 1892, William Ford Bull brought together the first official football team at Hampden\u2013Sydney. The 1892 team played just one game, falling 0\u201324 at home to Richmond College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029398-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1892 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1892 college football season. The Crimson finished with a 10\u20131 record. The team won its first 10 games by a combined score of 365 to 36, but lost its final game against Yale by a 6\u20130 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029398-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Harvard Crimson football team\nFive Harvard players were selected as consensus All-Americans: end Frank Hallowell, tackle Marshall Newell, guard Bert Waters, center William H. Lewis, and fullback Charley Brewer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029399-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Hawkesbury colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Hawkesbury on 30 July 1892 caused by the death of Alexander Bowman (Free Trade).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029400-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Hillsdale Dales football team\nThe 1892 Hillsdale Dales  football team was an American football team that represented Hillsdale College in the 1892 college football season. The team compiled a 3\u20132\u20131 record, though two of the victories are omitted from the school's year-by-year results. In addition, the outcome of a November 24 game against Notre Dame is disputed with some sources listing it as a 12\u201310 victory by Hillsdale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship\nThe 1892 Home Nations Championship was the tenth series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Six matches were played between 2 January and 5 March. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship\nEngland took the 1892 Championship and the Triple Crown, their fifth Championship and third Triple Crown. Furthermore, the English team failed to concede a single point, the only time this has occurred during the Championship's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship\nThe points system was changed yet again, with a try being upgraded from one to two points, while a goal conversion was increased from two to three points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on points scored. A try was worth two points, while converting a kicked goal from the try gave an additional three points. A dropped goal and a goal from mark were both worth four points. Penalty goals were worth three points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Wales\nEngland: WB Thomson (Blackheath), Frederic Alderson (Hartlepool Rovers) capt., RE Lockwood (Heckmondwike), George Hubbard (Blackheath), C Emmott (Bradford), A Briggs (Bradford), Frank Evershed (Blackheath), Tom Kent (Salford), Alfred Allport (Blackheath), J Toothill (Bradford), J Pyke (St Helens Recs), W Nicholl (Brighouse Rangers), E Bullough (Wigan), William Yiend (Hartlepool Rovers), William Bromet (Tadcaster)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Wales\nWales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Tom Pearson (Cardiff), William McCutcheon (Swansea), Arthur Gould (Newport) capt., Dickie Garrett (Penarth), Percy Phillips (Newport), George Rowles (Penarth), Frank Mills (Swansea), Charles Nicholl (Llanelli), Tom Graham (Newport), Jim Hannan (Newport), Tom Deacon (Swansea), Arthur Boucher (Newport), Rowley Thomas (London Welsh), Wallace Watts (Newport)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Scotland\nWales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Tom Pearson (Cardiff), William McCutcheon (Swansea), Arthur Gould (Newport) capt., Conway Rees (Llanelli), Evan James (Swansea), David James (Swansea), Frank Mills (Swansea), Charles Nicholl (Llanelli), Tom Graham (Newport), Jim Hannan (Newport), Tom Deacon (Swansea), Arthur Boucher (Newport), Percy Bennett (Cardiff Harlequins), Wallace Watts (Newport)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Scotland\nScotland: Henry Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), GT Campbell (London Scottish), Paul Clauss (Oxford Uni. ), Willie Neilson (Merchiston), CE Orr (West of Scotland) capt., Darsie Anderson (London Scottish), Frederick Goodhue (London Scottish), Robert MacMillan (London Scottish), HTO Leggatt (Watsonians), GT Neilson (West of Scotland), A Dalgleish (Gala), JN Millar (West of Scotland), WR Gibson (Royal HSFP), JD Boswell (West of Scotland), JE Orr (West of Scotland)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nEngland: S Houghton (Runcorn), James Holt Marsh (Swinton), RE Lockwood (Heckmondwike), George Hubbard (Blackheath), EW Taylor (Rockcliff), A Briggs (Bradford), Frank Evershed (Blackheath), Tom Kent (Salford), Sammy Woods (Wellington) capt., J Toothill (Bradford), Launcelot Percival (Oxford Uni. ), A Ashworth (Oldham), E Bullough (Wigan), William Yiend (Hartlepool Rovers), William Bromet (Tadcaster)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nIreland T Peel (Limerick), RW Dunlop (Dublin U. ), S Lee (NIFC), W Gardiner (NIFC), Benjamin Tuke (Bective Rangers), T Thornhill (Wanderers), Victor Le Fanu (Lansdowne) capt., TJ Johnston (Queens Uni. Belfast), EJ Walsh (Lansdowne), JS Jameson (Lansdowne), Arthur Wallis (Wanderers), RE Smith (Lansdowne), WJN Davis (Bessbrook), CV Rooke (Dublin U. ), JH O'Conor (Bective Rangers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Ireland\nScotland: Henry Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), GT Campbell (London Scottish), JC Woodburn (Kelvinside Acads. ), Willie Neilson (Merchiston), CE Orr (West of Scotland) capt., William Wotherspoon (Cambridge U. ), Frederick Goodhue (London Scottish), Robert MacMillan (London Scottish), HTO Leggatt (Watsonians), Nelson Henderson (London Scottish), WA McDonald (Glasgow Uni. ), JN Millar (West of Scotland), WR Gibson (Royal HSFP), JD Boswell (West of Scotland), JE Orr (West of Scotland)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Ireland\nIreland T Peel (Limerick), RW Dunlop (Dublin U. ), S Lee (NIFC), W Gardiner (NIFC), FE Davies (Lansdowne), T Thornhill (Wanderers), Victor Le Fanu (Lansdowne) capt., TJ Johnston (Queens Uni. Belfast), EJ Walsh (Lansdowne), G Collopy (Bective Rangers), Arthur Wallis (Wanderers), Andrew Clinch (Dublin U. ), WJN Davis (Bessbrook), CV Rooke (Dublin U. ), EF Frazer (Bective Rangers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Wales\nIreland T Peel (Limerick), T Edwards (Limerick), S Lee (NIFC), R Montgomery (NIFC), FE Davies (Lansdowne), T Thornhill (Wanderers), Victor Le Fanu (Lansdowne) capt., TJ Johnston (Queens Uni. Belfast), EJ Walsh (Lansdowne), JS Jameson (Lansdowne), Arthur Wallis (Wanderers), J Roche (Wanderers), R Stevenson (Dungannon), CV Rooke (Dublin U. ), JH O'Conor (Bective Rangers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Wales\nWales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Norman Biggs (Cardiff), Frederick Nicholls (Cardiff Harlequins), Arthur Gould (Newport) capt., Bert Gould (Newport), Evan James (Swansea), David James (Swansea), Frank Mills (Swansea), Charles Nicholl (Llanelli), Harry Day (Newport), Jim Hannan (Newport), Tom Deacon (Swansea), Arthur Boucher (Newport), Percy Bennett (Cardiff Harlequins), Wallace Watts (Newport)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nScotland: Henry Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), GT Campbell (London Scottish), Paul Robert Clauss (Oxford Uni. ), Willie Neilson (Merchiston), CE Orr (West of Scotland) capt., Darsie Anderson (London Scottish), Frederick Goodhue (London Scottish), Robert MacMillan (London Scottish), McEwan (Edinburgh Acads), GT Neilson (West of Scotland), WA McDonald (Glasgow Uni. ), JN Millar (West of Scotland), WR Gibson (Royal HSFP), JD Boswell (West of Scotland), JE Orr (West of Scotland)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029401-0015-0000", "contents": "1892 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nEngland: T Coop (Leigh), Frederic Alderson (Hartlepool Rovers) capt., RE Lockwood (Heckmondwike), JW Dyson (Huddersfield), H Varley (Liversedge RFC), A Briggs (Bradford), Frank Evershed (Blackheath), Tom Kent (Salford), Sammy Woods (Wellington), J Toothill (Bradford), H Bradshaw (Bramley), W Nicholl (Brighouse Rangers), E Bullough (Wigan), William Yiend (Hartlepool Rovers), William Bromet (Tadcaster)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029402-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Hungarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Hungary between 29 January and 3 February 1892. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 243 of the 413 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029403-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Idaho gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029403-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Idaho gubernatorial election\nActing Governor Norman Bushnell Willey was defeated for renomination at the Republican convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029403-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Idaho gubernatorial election\nRepublican nominee William J. McConnell defeated Democratic nominee John M. Burke and Populist nominee Abraham J. Crook with 40.74% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029403-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Idaho gubernatorial election, Nominations, Democratic nomination\nThe Democratic convention was held on August 25 and 26 at Boise. John M. Burke was nominated on the tenth ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029403-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Idaho gubernatorial election, Nominations, Republican nomination\nThe Republican convention was held on August 18 and 19 at Moscow. William J. McConnell was nominated on the second ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029403-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Idaho gubernatorial election, Nominations, People's Party nomination\nThe People's Party convention was held on August 18 at Boise. A. J. Crook was nominated on the first ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029404-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1892 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1892 college football season. In their first season under head coach Edward K. Hall, the Illini compiled a 7\u20134\u20131 record. Fullback Ralph W. Hart was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029405-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Illinois gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Illinois gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029405-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Illinois gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Republican Governor Joseph W. Fifer was defeated by Democratic nominee John Peter Altgeld who won 48.74% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029405-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Illinois gubernatorial election, Democratic nomination, Results\nThe Democratic state convention was held on April 27, 1892, at Springfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 68], "content_span": [69, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029405-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Illinois gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Results\nThe Republican state convention was held on May 4 and 5, 1892 at Springfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 68], "content_span": [69, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029406-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1892 Indiana Hoosiers football team was an American football team that represented Indiana University Bloomington during the 1892 college football season. Indiana played four games and compiled a 0\u20134 record, losing games to Butler (6\u201310), DePauw (forfeit), Purdue (0\u201368), and Wabash (24\u201336).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029407-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Indiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. Democratic nominee Claude Matthews defeated incumbent Republican Ira Joy Chase with 47.45% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029408-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1892 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 1 December 1892 as part of that years local elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029409-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Iowa Agricultural Cardinals football team\nThe 1892 Iowa Agricultural Cardinals football team represented Iowa Agricultural College (later renamed Iowa State University) as an independent during the 1892 college football season. The 1892 season was the first in which an organized group of athletes represented Iowa State in football. However, the team did not engage in intercollegiate football, playing only two non-collegiate teams and compiling a 1\u20130\u20131 record. The team played a town team from State Center to a 6-6 tie and defeated a team representing the Des Moines YMCA by a 30-0 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029409-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Iowa Agricultural Cardinals football team\nDr. Ira C. Brownlie was both the head coach, team captain, and played at the end position. Brownlie was credited with having \"introduced football\" while he was a student at the school in 1892. Brownlie later recalled: \"There were so many strong boys around there doing nothing that I thought they could make a football team easily.\" The only other player known to have played on the 1892 team was Charles Deering.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029409-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Iowa Agricultural Cardinals football team\nBetween 1892 and 1913, the football team played on a field that later became the site of the university's Parks Library.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029410-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1892 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa during the  1892 college football season. The season involved many 'firsts' for the Hawkeyes. After going three years without a conference, Iowa joined the Western Interstate University Football Association, along with Nebraska, Missouri, and Kansas. But in another first, Edwin A. Dalton, formerly of Princeton University, was hired as Iowa's head coach. Although he was only hired for 10 days prior to the season, he is recognized as Iowa's first head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029410-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nOn the field, the results were relatively modest. After opening the season with two victories, the Hawkeyes found themselves no match for Kansas and Missouri. Criticism was voiced, with the Iowa City Citizen claiming that Iowa lost the Missouri game because of favoritism. Despite this, Iowa ended Iowa College's three-year span of dominance over the Hawkeyes by defeating the Pioneers 18\u201312 just four days after the loss at Missouri. Soon thereafter, the Hawkeyes ended the season with a 10\u201310 tie against Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029411-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Italian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Italy on 6 November 1892, with a second round of voting on 13 November. The \"ministerial\" left-wing bloc emerged as the largest in Parliament, winning 323 of the 508 seats. The electoral system reverted to the pre-1882 method of using single-member constituencies with second round run-offs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029411-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Italian general election, Historical background\nGiovanni Giolitti's first term as Prime Minister (1892\u20131893) was marked by misfortune and misgovernment. The building crisis and the commercial rupture with France had impaired the situation of the state banks, of which one, the Banca Romana, had been further undermined by misadministration. The Banca Romana had loaned large sums to property developers but was left with huge liabilities when the real estate bubble collapsed in 1887. Then Prime Minister Francesco Crispi and his Treasury Minister  Giolitti knew of the 1889 government inspection report, but feared that publicity might undermine public confidence and suppressed the report.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029411-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Italian general election, Historical background\nThe Bank Act of August 1893 liquidated the Banca Romana and reformed the whole system of note issue, restricting the privilege to the new Banca d'Italia \u2013 mandated to liquidate the Banca Romana \u2013 and to the Banco di Napoli and the Banco di Sicilia, and providing for stricter state control. The new law failed to effect an improvement. Moreover, he irritated public opinion by raising to senatorial rank the governor of the Banca Romana, Bernardo Tanlongo, whose irregular practices had become a byword, which would have given him immunity from prosecution. The senate declined to admit Tanlongo, whom Giolitti, in consequence of an intervention in parliament upon the condition of the Banca Romana, was obliged to arrest and prosecute. During the prosecution Giolitti abused his position as premier to abstract documents bearing on the case.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 895]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029411-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Italian general election, Historical background\nSimultaneously a parliamentary commission of inquiry investigated the condition of the state banks. Its report, though acquitting Giolitti of personal dishonesty, proved disastrous to his political position, and the ensuing Banca Romana scandal obliged him to resign. His fall left the finances of the state disorganized, the pensions fund depleted, diplomatic relations with France strained in consequence of the massacre of Italian workmen at Aigues-Mortes, and a state of revolt in the Lunigiana and by the Fasci Siciliani in Sicily, which he had proved impotent to suppress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029411-0003-0001", "contents": "1892 Italian general election, Historical background\nDespite the heavy pressure from the King, the army and conservative circles in Rome, Giolitti neither treated strikes \u2013 which were not illegal \u2013 as a crime, nor dissolved the Fasci, nor authorised the use of firearms against popular demonstrations. His policy was \u201cto allow these economic struggles to resolve themselves through amelioration of the condition of the workers\u201d and not to interfere in the process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029412-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Japanese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Japan on 15 February 1892 to elect the members of the House of Representatives of the Diet of Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029412-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Japanese general election, History and background\nAfter the 1890 general election for the lower house of the Diet of Japan, the elected members proved much less amenable to government persuasion than had been anticipated by It\u014d Hirobumi and other members of the Meiji oligarchy. Rather than docilely rubber stamp legislation issued from the House of Peers and the genr\u014d, the leaders of the lower house used the only leverage granted to them under the Meiji Constitution: withholding budgetary approval to show resistance. This stalemate led to earlier than anticipated dissolution of the government and new elections. Emperor Meiji expressed concern that if the same people were elected again, the same problem would recur, and suggested that regional offices encourage good people to run for office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029412-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Japanese general election, History and background\nHome Minister Shinagawa Yajir\u014d interpreted this as a condemnation of political party activity, and sent memorandums to all regional government offices encouraging the dismissal of men deeply involved in political party activity. He also instructed the police to deal severely with any acts of bribery and intimidation. Ironically, the 1892 election was the most violent in Japanese history, with numerous riots, in which 25 people were killed and 388 wounded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029412-0002-0001", "contents": "1892 Japanese general election, History and background\nViolence was particularly severe in areas of the country in which support for the opposition Liberal Party (Jiyut\u014d) was strong Encouraged by Prime Minister Matsukata Masayoshi, Shinagawa arrested candidates he deemed \u201cdisloyal\u201d, and had gangs of toughs molest voters and burn opposition politicians' property. Prefectural governors and police chiefs were secretly ordered to disrupt campaigns of \"disloyal\" opposition politicians and to aid pro-government supporters. Ballot boxes were stolen in K\u014dchi Prefecture, and voting was made impossible in parts of Saga Prefecture; violations were most conspicuous in these two prefectures, Ishikawa and Fukuoka.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029412-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Japanese general election, History and background\nAs with the 1890 election, the electorate was based on limited suffrage, with only male citizens 25 years of age and over, who had paid 15 Japanese Yen or more in national taxes, and who had been resident in their prefecture for at least a year, qualified to vote. The number of eligible voters who met this requirement was 434,594. The number of candidates for office was 900. Voter turnout was 91.54%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029412-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Japanese general election, History and background\nDespite the violence, the so-called mint\u014d (liberal parties)- the Jiyut\u014d, the Rikken Kaishint\u014d and their affiliates) maintained their majority in the House of Representatives, winning 132 seats as opposed to 124 for pro-government candidates, with 44 independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029412-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Japanese general election, History and background\nThe government faced an angry lower house when the next Diet term convened on May 6; even members of the House of Peers were outraged, issuing a resolution condemning the manner in which the election was held on May 11. Shinagawa was forced to resign the following month.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029413-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Kalamazoo football team\nThe 1892 Kalamazoo football team was an American football team that represented Kalamazoo College in the 1892 college football season. In their first season fielding a football team, the Kalamazoo eleven lost two games against Olivet College, being outscored 32 to 8 by their opponent. The first game, played October 24 at Olivet, was planned as a part of Olivet's field day of 1892, which also included boxing matches, tennis, and track and field events like the hammer throw and pole vaulting. During the contest, Kalamazoo took an early 4\u20130 lead, but allowed 20 answered points, 8 in the first half and 12 in the second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029414-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1892 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Western Interstate University Football Association (WIUFA) during the 1892 college football season. In their first season under head coach A. W. Shepard, the Jayhawks compiled a 7\u20131 record (3\u20130 against conference opponents), won the conference championship, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 144 to 36. The Jayhawks played their home games at McCook Field in Lawrence, Kansas. John Kenzie was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029415-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. People's Party nominee Lorenzo D. Lewelling defeated Republican nominee Abram W. Smith with 50.04% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029416-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1892 Kentucky Derby was the 18th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 11, 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029417-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Kentucky State College Blue and White football team\nThe 1892 Kentucky State College Blue and White football team represented Kentucky State College\u2014now known as the University of Kentucky\u2014during the 1892 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029418-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Kesteven County Council election\nThe second set of elections to Kesteven County Council were held on Thursday, 3 March 1892. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo. The Local Government Act 1888 established Kesteven as an administrative county, governed by a Council; elections were held every three years from 1889, until it was abolished by the Local Government Act 1972, which established Lincolnshire County Council in its place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029418-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Kesteven County Council election\nForty-six electoral divisions of the new Council were outlined in December 1888. For the 1892 election, Sleaford and Bourne, which were initially two member divisions, were split, the former into Quarrington and Sleaford, the latter into Bourne and Morton. Nearly every candidate was returned unopposed, with contests in only eight divisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029419-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Lafayette football team\nThe 1892 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1892 college football season. In its second and final year under head coach Wallace Moyle, the team compiled a 5\u20137 record and was outscored by a total of 139 to 126. Gustave Voight was the team captain. The team played its home games on The Quad in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029420-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Laguna Salada earthquake\nThe 1892 Laguna Salada earthquake occurred at 23:20 Pacific Standard Time on February 23. It had an estimated moment magnitude of 7.1\u20137.2 and a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (Severe). The shock was centered near the Mexico\u2013United States border and takes its name from a large dry lake bed in Baja California, Mexico. There were no reported casualties, but the event affected the then largely-uninhabited areas of northern Mexico and Southern California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029420-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Laguna Salada earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe Salton Trough is part of the complex plate boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate where it undergoes a transition from the continental transform of the San Andreas Fault system to the series of short spreading centers of the East Pacific Rise linked by oceanic transforms in the Gulf of California. The southern part of the trough is divided into two by the Sierra Cucapa and Sierra Mayor ranges forming the Mexicali Valley to the east and the Laguna Salada to the west. The western side of these ranges is formed by the Laguna Salada Fault, which forms a possible continuation of the Elsinore Fault Zone of southern California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029420-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Laguna Salada earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe Laguna Salada Fault shows combined normal (down to the southwest) and dextral (right-lateral) movement. Prior to 2010 it showed evidence of recent (probably historical) displacement with a 22\u00a0km (14\u00a0mi) zone of surface faulting, and 3\u20134\u00a0m (9.8\u201313.1\u00a0ft) of vertical displacement. This is interpreted to be associated with the 1892 earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029420-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Laguna Salada earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake was felt over a wide area from Los Angeles and San Bernardino in the north to San Quintin in the south. The area in which the perceived intensity of shaking reached VIII (Severe) or more was centered on the mapped fault rupture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029420-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Laguna Salada earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nA report from the Los Angeles Times the following day stated no damage was found in Los Angeles, but also specified that severe shocks were felt in San Diego. Masonry walls were cracked in several buildings there, as well as the outlying communities of Otay and Jamul. At the abandoned Carrizo Creek Stage Station, in what is now Anza-Borrego Desert State Park in eastern San Diego county, poorly built masonry was damaged and all adobe buildings were destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029420-0004-0001", "contents": "1892 Laguna Salada earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nAt Hook Ranch and Laguna Station the shaking was strong enough to throw people off their feet and at Dulzura Canyon and McCain Valley the ground was seen to move in waves. There were rockfalls at Bratton Valley, Tierra Blanca Canyon, Storm Canyon and Whale Peak and landslides at Dulzura Canyon and Devil's Canyon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029420-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Laguna Salada earthquake, Earthquake, Aftershocks\nAt Campo, California 155 aftershocks were felt in the first 12 hours after the mainshock and continued every few days for the next two months.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029420-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Laguna Salada earthquake, Other events\nThe Laguna Salada fault moved again during the 2010 Baja California earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029421-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Lanarkshire County Council election\nThe second elections to Lanarkshire County Council were held on 6 December 1892 as part of the wider 1892 local elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029421-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Lanarkshire County Council election\nThere were only contests in 19 of the councils 66 divisions, with 47 members being returned unopposed. In two of the 19 divisions (Bishopbriggs and Overton) candidates (Sir William Hozier and David McLardy respectively) had been nominated without their consent, and withdrew their names. Hozier had prior to the election served as the councils Chairman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election\nThe Leeds South by-election, 1892 was a parliamentary by-election for the House of Commons constituency of Leeds South in the West Riding of Yorkshire held on 22 September 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election was caused by the elevation to the peerage of the sitting Liberal MP, Sir Lyon Playfair. Playfair had been MP for Leeds South since its creation for the 1885 general election. In his letter to his constituency association informing them of his peerage, Playfair said it had been a wholly unexpected honour, a point later repeated in his memoirs and correspondence. Playfair was a distinguished chemist and expert in sanitation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0001-0001", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, Vacancy\nHe had worked closely with Prince Albert, the Prince Consort on a scheme for filtering sewage to fertilize the royal estate at Osborne House and later on plans for the Great Exhibition of 1851. As well as his past association with Price Albert, Playfair was a German speaker with strong Scottish connections so it was, perhaps, not surprising when he was created Baron Playfair of St Andrews and made Lord-in-waiting to Queen Victoria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, Candidates, Liberals\nThe South Leeds Liberals held a selection meeting on 26 August 1892 and, having considered a number of possible candidates, they decided to invite John Lawson Walton to defend the seat. Walton was aged 40 and was a successful barrister on the north-eastern circuit who also had a practice in London. At the 1892 general election, just a few weeks earlier, he had been the Liberal candidate for Leeds Central when he lost narrowly to the sitting Conservative MP G W Balfour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, Candidates, Conservatives\nThe Conservatives met on 24 August 1892 and resolved to contest the by-election. They selected 29-year-old Reginald Neville, also a barrister to fight the seat. Neville had been Playfair\u2019s opponent at the 1892 general election when he had slightly reduced the Liberal majority. He was formally adopted on 6 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, Candidates, Labour\nIt was expected that a candidate representing labour would enter the fray. A deputation of working men invited James M\u2019Gregor, the general secretary of the National Labourers\u2019 Federation to stand as a Labour candidate. M\u2019Gregor seemed to be willing. He said he would submit the offer to the executive committee of his union and be bound by their decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0004-0001", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, Candidates, Labour\nIt is not known if the union were opposed to M\u2019Gregor\u2019s candidacy but a few days later it was reported that another trade union official, Mr J Solly, the organising secretary of the Railway Labourers\u2019 Union, had accepted an invitation to fight the by-election for Labour. But Solly\u2019s acceptance may have been premature because Leeds Trade Council were unable to approve him until the Railway Labourers\u2019 Union agreed to contribute a substantial sum towards election expenses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, Candidates, Labour\nNeither of these potential candidacies came to anything however as the Leeds Trades Council decided it would be counter-productive to stand a labour candidate and risk splitting the anti-Tory vote. However, as the by-election approached, another union man, John Lincoln Mahon, of the Leeds and District Gasworkers Union declared that he would be standing for labour as he had secured the support of the socialist journalist and activist Henry Hyde Champion, regarded as one of the leading spirits behind the formation of the Independent Labour Party. Champion had promised financial backing for Mahon to contest the by-election. Mahon said he would stand as an Independent in view of the decision of the local Trades Council not to endorse a candidate standing explicitly in the labour interest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 844]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, The campaign\nThe principal excitement of the campaign was the animosity between the Liberal and Labour camps. On 17 September, Mahon held an election meeting at the Hunslet Mechanics\u2019 Institute. Almost from the outset the meeting deteriorated into disorder and violence. The culprits were said to be a large contingent of Irishmen who had deliberately occupied the seats at the front of the hall, many of whom were said to be intoxicated with drink. They howled down Mahon\u2019s platform supporters and then rushing the stage they attacked Mahon himself and his party causing injuries requiring doctors to be called. At a more peaceful meeting the next night in Leeds, Mahon accused Lawson Walton of stirring up and inciting the attackers on the assumption they were supporters of the Liberal cause of Home Rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, The campaign\nChampion wrote an angry letter to The Times complaining that Walton had held a meeting on 16 September in which he had done his best to \u2018inflame the minds of his partisans against the labour candidate and his supporters\u2019. Champion stopped just short of accusing Walton of commissioning the break-up of the labour meeting and of supplying the Irishmen with drink but pointed out that they came to the meeting with a plentiful supply of election literature from the Liberal committee-rooms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0007-0001", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, The campaign\nHe claimed the Liberals were increasingly worried about the rise of political labour and the threat this represented to Liberal electoral hopes. It was ironic that this charge was levelled at Walton, as he had stood aside as Liberal candidate in Battersea only the previous year when John Burns, the trade unionist indicated he proposed to stand in the seat at the 1892 election as an Independent Labour candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, The campaign\nAnother Labour meeting on 19 September, addressed by Keir Hardie pressed the issue of the representation of the working classes and whether this could ever adequately be done by the middle-class capitalists and professional men who dominated Liberal politics. The meeting was full of disturbance. Mr Sweeney of the Leeds Trade Council spoke against Mahon's candidacy and a vote of confidence in Mahon was proposed and lost by a large margin. A further meeting took place later and the proceedings were reported as being \u2018uproarious\u2019 with the police called, albeit without a repeat of the violence of the Hunslet meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, The campaign\nBoth Walton and Neville publicly denounced the violence against Mahon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, Nominations\nNominations were put in at Leeds Town Hall on 20 September. Those of Walton and Neville were accepted by the Mayor. However an objection was made to Mahon\u2019s paper and after long consideration his nomination was rejected as invalid owing to the incorrectness of the name and address of his nominator. As a result, the contest was a straight fight between Walton and Neville. Mahon proceeded to issue his written manifesto but he could not contest the election itself. It was later alleged however that Mahon engineered the rejection of his nomination paper. It was said, admittedly by his opponents, that there had been ample time between the pointing out of the defect and the deadline for nomination to get a qualified supporter to sign the paper and so make it legal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 811]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, The result\nThe failure of Mahon to get himself on the ballot paper, real or manufactured, solved the problem for the traditional working class voters of South Leeds of deciding which non-Conservative candidate to support. This was perhaps just as well as the Liberal majority over the Conservative fell for the third successive election and a vote split between Liberal and Labour parties might have been enough to deliver the seat to Neville.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0011-0001", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, The result\nThe continued decline may have had to do with Walton\u2019s being new to the constituency compared to the previous, well-known incumbent and Neville\u2019s name being known from the general election a couple of months before. It is difficult from the results of by-elections in the early part of the 1892-95 Parliament to see a swing in public opinion away from the minority Liberal government of W E Gladstone and towards the Unionist parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029422-0011-0002", "contents": "1892 Leeds South by-election, The result\nThe Liberal Unionists did greatly reduce the Liberal majority in the Luton or Southern Division of Bedfordshire on 29 September and the Conservatives gained Cirencester in October 1892 but the Liberals gained four seats from the Tories in the early months of 1893 and it was not until the middle of that year that Conservative gains began to come more regularly, prefiguring their election win in 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom\nThe 1892 Session of the Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom, also known as the Longest Legislature, was a period from May 28, 1892, to January 14, 1893, in which the legislative assembly of the Hawaiian Kingdom met for its traditional bi-annual session. This unicameral body was composed of the upper House of Nobles and the lower House of Representatives. This would be the first session during the reign of Queen Lili\u02bbuokalani and the last meeting of the legislative assembly during the Hawaiian monarchy. Three days after the prorogation of the assembly, many of the political tension developed during the legislative debates and the queen's attempt to promulgate a new constitution while her legislators were not in session led to the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom on January 17, 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom\nMembers of this legislative session included citizens and subjects of the kingdom of either full or mixed Native Hawaiian, Euro-American and Asian descent, who were divided across different party lines. They included the insurgents who would play an eventual role in the deposition of the queen, and also the political resistance leaders who would lead the opposition to the overthrow and attempts to annex the Hawaiian Islands to the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Background\nIn 1887, King Kal\u0101kaua was forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution under duress by the Hawaiian League, a group of foreign businessman and Hawaiian subjects of American missionary descent including Lorrin A. Thurston. This constitution limited the absolute power of the monarch and strengthened the power of the executive cabinet. It also raised property requirements for suffrage, disenfranchised many poor Native Hawaiians and naturalized Asian citizens, and gave the vote to unnaturalized foreign residents of European or American descent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0002-0001", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Background\nIt also changed membership in the House of Nobles, the upper house of the legislature, from life appointments by the king to elected offices for the first time. A new cabinet headed by Thurston was imposed on the king and the king's previous administration headed by Walter Murray Gibson was ousted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Background\nThe instigators of this coup d'\u00e9tat formed the Reform Party, drawing its memberships from Hawaiian conservatives and citizens of foreign descent, and won the majority of the seats in the legislature in the election of 1887, which was mandated by the new constitution. In the election of 1890, the Hui K\u0101lai\u02bb\u0101ina (Hawaiian Political Association) and the Mechanics' and Workingmen's Political Protective Union joined together to form the National Reform Party in opposition to the Reform Party in this session. The Reform Party lost their majority control in the legislature and the Thurston cabinet was removed by a legislative vote of want of confidence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Background\nFollowing the prorogation of the legislature of 1890, King Kalakaua died while in San Francisco and was succeeded by his sister Queen Lili\u02bbuokalani on January 29, 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Election of 1892\nThe general election of 1892 proved the most contentious. The four major parties were the Reform, National Reform, National Liberal, and the Native Sons of Hawaii which ran the same candidates as the National Reformers. The National Reform Party became the administration or governmental party and gained the personal support of the new queen. They joined with the Reformers and Native Sons in opposing the more radical elements of the National Liberal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 66], "content_span": [67, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0005-0001", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Election of 1892\nThe National Liberal Party, which became the party of the opposition, advocated for increased Native Hawaiian participation in the government and a constitutional convention to draft a new constitution to replace the unpopular Bayonet Constitution. However, the Liberals soon became divided between radicals and more conciliatory groups. Joseph N\u0101wah\u012b and William P\u016bnohu White became the leaders of the factions of the Liberals loyal to the queen against the more radical members led by John E. Bush and Robert William Wilcox, who were advocating for drastic changes such as increased power for the people and a republican form of government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 66], "content_span": [67, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Election of 1892\nThe election resulted in a divided legislature, although the conservatives painted it as a victory for their coalition. It was hard to tell where the exact loyalty of many of the elected nobles and representatives lay because of internal disagreement. According to historian Ralph S. Kuykendall, \"the party composition of the 1892 legislature (the forty-eight elected members) appeared to be: Reform Party, twenty-three; Liberal Party, thirteen; National Reform Party, nine; Independent, three\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 66], "content_span": [67, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Legislative session\nFrom May 28, 1892, to January 14, 1893, the legislature of the Kingdom convened for an unprecedented 171 days, which later historians such as Albertine Loomis and Helena G. Allen dubbed the \"Longest Legislature\". This would be the first session during the reign of Queen Lili\u02bbuokalani and the last meeting of the legislative assembly during the Hawaiian monarchy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 69], "content_span": [70, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Legislative session\nAt the opening of the legislature, forty-eight elected politicians, consisting of twenty-four nobles (including thirteen holdovers continued their terms from the 1890 legislature) and twenty-four representatives from the four main Hawaiian Islands met at the legislative halls of Ali\u02bbi\u014dlani Hale in Honolulu. The legislature met as a unicameral body composed of the upper House of Nobles and the lower House of Representatives with Noble John Smith Walker presiding as President of the Legislative Assembly and Noble John Kauhane as Vice-President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 69], "content_span": [70, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0008-0001", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Legislative session\nThe body included politicians of Native Hawaiian descent, Euro-American descent, mixed Hawaiian and Euro-American descent, and even three members of Chinese-Hawaiian descent. The appointed cabinet ministers also had the right to participate as ex-officio members of the legislature with the right to vote on all matters except on votes for their removal. In the course of the session, five members would resign and three new members chosen in special elections to replace with two of the five members reclaiming their vacated seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 69], "content_span": [70, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Legislative session\nThis session was dominated by political infighting within and between and the different parties. Debates heard on the floor of the houses concerned the popular demand for a new constitution, the passage of a lottery bill and an opium licensing bill, aimed at alleviating the economic crisis caused by the McKinley Tariff. By the end of the session, the queen had also signed into law the lottery bill and opium licensing bill, which were extremely controversial in the foreign community and especially with the leaders of the Reform Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 69], "content_span": [70, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Legislative session\nPetitions asking for a new constitution were submitted by seven legislators: Noble David William Pua and Representatives Joseph N\u0101wah\u012b, William P\u016bnohu White, Jose Kekahuna Iosepa, Anakalea Kauhi, T. S. Nahinu, Luther W. P. Kanealii and George Panila Kamauoha. Attempts were made to call a constitutional convention to draft a new constitution in both the 1890 session and the 1892 session. Both National Liberals and National Reformers campaigned on the promise of a new constitution, however many National Reformers supported a middle path and advocated for changes via amendments. The conservative Reformers would not tolerate any changes to the existing constitution. There was also disagreement on the legality of how to execute the change. No clear comparable precedents existed, since previous constitutions had been promulgated by the sovereign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 69], "content_span": [70, 922]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Legislative session\nThe main issue of contention between the new monarch and the legislators was the retention of her cabinet ministers; political division prevented Lili\u02bbuokalani from appointing a balanced council. The 1887 constitution retained the monarch's right to appoint her own cabinet minister but gave the legislature the power to vote for the dismissal of her cabinet. Seven resolutions of want of confidence were introduced during this session, and four of her self-appointed cabinets (the Widemann, Macfarlane, Cornwell, and  Wilcox cabinets) were ousted by votes of the legislature. During this session, N\u0101wah\u012b also proposed a bill to the legislature to amend the constitution to give women the right to vote. The bill failed to pass. Had it been made into law, Hawaii would have preceded New Zealand as the first nation to allow women to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 69], "content_span": [70, 908]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Legislative session\nOn January 13, 1893, after the legislature dismissed the Wilcox cabinet (which had political sympathies to the Reform Party), Lili\u02bbuokalani appointed the new Parker cabinet, which had ties to the National Reform Party and consisted of Samuel Parker, as minister of foreign affairs; John F. Colburn, as minister of the interior; William H. Cornwell, as minister of finance; and Arthur P. Peterson, as attorney general.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 69], "content_span": [70, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Legislative session\nThe legislative assembly was prorogued January 14, at a noon ceremony officiated by the queen at Ali\u02bbi\u014dlani Hale, which was situated across the street from \u02bbIolani Palace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 69], "content_span": [70, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Aftermath\nFollowing the prorogation of the legislative session, Lili\u02bbuokalani attempted to promulgate a new constitution while the legislature was not in session. In reaction to the legislative stand still on the constitution convention bill, the queen met in secret with the two leaders of the Liberal Party: Representatives N\u0101wah\u012b and White and Samuel Nowlein, the captain of her Royal Guards, to draft a new constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 59], "content_span": [60, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0015-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Aftermath\nIn the afternoon of January 14, she met with her cabinet ministers while members of Hui K\u0101lai\u02bb\u0101ina and a delegation of native legislators marched to \u02bbIolani Palace with a sealed package containing the constitution for her to promulgate. According to historian William DeWitt Alexander, this was pre-planned by the queen. However, she discovered the ministers were either opposed to or reluctant to sign the new constitution and the queen had to postpone her plans and dismiss the delegations of political leaders and the assembled crowds from the palace. She later wrote, \"I told them I would not have taken such a step if they had not encouraged me. They had led me out to the edge of a precipice, and now were leaving me to take the step alone.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 59], "content_span": [60, 807]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0016-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Aftermath\nThe political fallout of the queen's actions led to citywide political rallies and meetings in Honolulu. Anti -monarchists, annexationists, and leading Reformist politicians, including legislators Lorrin A. Thurston, William Owen Smith, and William Chauncey Wilder, formed the Committee of Safety in protest of the \"revolutionary\" action of the queen and conspired to depose her. In response, royalists and loyalists formed the Committee of Law and Order and met at the palace square on January\u00a016. White, N\u0101wah\u012b, Bush, Wilcox, and Antone Rosa and other pro-monarchist leaders gave speeches in support for the queen and the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 59], "content_span": [60, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0016-0001", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Aftermath\nThese actions and the radicalized political climate eventually led to the overthrow of the monarchy, on January\u00a017, 1893, by the Committee of Safety, with the covert support of United States Minister John L. Stevens and the landing of American forces from the USS Boston. After a brief transition under the Provisional Government, the oligarchical Republic of Hawaii was established on July\u00a04, 1894, with Sanford B. Dole as president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 59], "content_span": [60, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0016-0002", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Aftermath\nDuring this period, the de\u00a0facto government was composed largely of residents of American and European ancestry, although a few Native Hawaiians from the 1892 legislature: John Ena, John Kauhane, and Jose Kekahuna Iosepa signed the constitutional convention for the Republic while Kauhane and George Panila Kamauoha would serve multiple terms in the legislature of the Republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 59], "content_span": [60, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0017-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Aftermath\nMany of the former legislators of the 1892 session, including Robert William Wilcox and Joseph N\u0101wah\u012b, would lead the opposition to the overthrow and resistance to annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the United States. In 1893, Nawahi and many former 1892 legislators founded the Hui Aloha \u02bb\u0100ina (Hawaiian Patriotic League), a patriotic group founded to protest annexation, while Wilcox led an unsuccessful counter-revolution in 1895 to restore the monarchy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 59], "content_span": [60, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0018-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Members of the Legislative Assembly, House of Nobles\nThis incomplete breakdown of party allegiance are based on The Pacific Commercial Advertiser, a contemporary newspaper, reporting at the beginning of the legislative session and the report of Noble Edward C. MacFarlane in the Blount Report.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 102], "content_span": [103, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029423-0019-0000", "contents": "1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Members of the Legislative Assembly, Cabinet Ministers\nAccording to Article 42 of the 1887 Constitution, \"The Cabinet holds seats ex officio, in the Legislature, with the right to vote, except on a question of want of confidence in them.\" Each cabinet were named after the leading cabinet ministers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 104], "content_span": [105, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029424-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Lehigh football team\nThe 1892 Lehigh football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1892 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach John A. Hartwell, the team compiled a 3\u20136 record and was outscored by a total of 164 to 91.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029425-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Tuesday 1 November 1892. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029425-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections\nAt the meeting of the Council on 9 November 1892, the terms of office of eight alderman expired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029425-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections\nThe death of Alderman Henry Jennings had been reported to the Council on 26 October 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029425-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections\nThe resignation of Alderman David MacIver had been reported to the Council on 26 October 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029425-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections\nThe following eight were elected as Aldermen by the Council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 9 November 1892 for a term of six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029425-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 9, Great George, 23 November 1892\nCaused by the election of Councillor James Ruddin (Liberal, Great George, elected 2 November 1892)as an alderman by the Council on 9 November 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 89], "content_span": [90, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029425-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 2, Scotland, 23 November 1892\nCaused by the election of Councillor Dr. Alexander Murray Bligh (Irish Nationalist, Scotland, elected 2 November 1891) as an alderman by the Council on 9 November 1891.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029425-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 3, Vauxhall, 23 November 1892\nCaused by the election of Councillor Andrew Commins MP (Irish Nationalist, Vauxhall, elected 1 November 1891) as an alderman by the Council on 9 November 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029425-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 4, St. Paul's, 23 November 1892\nCaused by the election of Councillor Philip Henry Rathbone JP (Liberal, St, Paul's, elected 1 November 1892) as an alderman by the Council on 9 November 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029425-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 8, Pitt Street - 2 seats, 23 November 1892\nCaused by the election of Councillor Henry Charles Hawley (Liberal, Pitt Street, elected 1 November 1892) and Councillor Francis Joseph McAdam (Liberal, Pitt Street, elected 1 November 1890) as aldermen by the Council on 9 November 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 98], "content_span": [99, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029425-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 7, St. Peter's, 23 November 1892\nCaused by the election of Councillor William Benjamin Bowring (Liberal, St. Peter's, elected 1 November 1890) as an aldermen by the Council on 9 November 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 88], "content_span": [89, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029425-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 8, Rodney Street - 2 seats, 23 November 1891\nCaused by the election of Councillor Henry Charles Hawley (Liberal, Pitt Street, elected 1 November 1892) and Councillor Francis Joseph McAdam (Liberal, Pitt Street, elected 1 November 1890) as aldermen by the Council on 9 November 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 100], "content_span": [101, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029425-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 11, Abercromby, 18 February 1893\nCaused by the death of Councillor Dr. Nicholas Kennick Marsh (Conservative, Abercromby, elected 1 November 1890) on 2 February 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 88], "content_span": [89, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029426-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool Everton by-election\nThe Liverpool Everton by-election, 1892 was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 15 February 1892 for the House of Commons constituency of Liverpool Everton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029426-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool Everton by-election, Vacancy\nThe vacancy was caused by the death on 14 January of the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Edward Whitley. The 67-year-old Whitley was a former Mayor of Liverpoolwho had held the seat since its creation at the 1885 general election,  and had previously been one of the three MPs for Liverpool from 1880 to 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029426-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool Everton by-election, Candidates\nThe Executive Committee of the Everton Conservatives met on 22 January to consider their choice of candidate for the by-election. They decided that three names should be proposed to a meeting of the party's Divisional Council: former Liverpool MP Lord Claud Hamilton, Councillor John Houlding, and former Birkenhead MP David MacIver. However, at the council meeting on 26 January Houlding declined the invitation to stand, and no other names were formally put to the meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029426-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool Everton by-election, Candidates\nThe Divisional Council met again on 2 February, with Houlding in the chair. Two names were proposed: MacIver, and the journalist John A. Willox. The meeting unanimously chose Willox, the owner of Cope Brothers tobacco merchants (based in Liverpool and London), and also the owner and editor of the Liverpool Courier newspaper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029426-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool Everton by-election, Candidates\nThe Liberal Party had intended to contest the election, and hoped that if the Conservatives had selected the brewer Houlding they would have gained the temperance vote. However, in the end they did not choose a candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029426-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool Everton by-election, Result\nThe writ was moved in the Commons on 10 February by Aretas Akers-Douglas,the MP for St Augustine's. 15 February had been selected as the day for nominations, and since Willox was the only candidate nominated, he was returned unopposed, without any need for a vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 42], "content_span": [43, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029426-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool Everton by-election, Result\nIn honour of his election, over 100 journalists from Liverpool presented him with an illuminated address.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 42], "content_span": [43, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029426-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool Everton by-election, Aftermath\nWillox was re-elected with a large majority at the general election in July 1892,and was returned unopposed in 1895 and 1900. He was knighted in Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee Honours in 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029426-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Liverpool Everton by-election, Aftermath\nSir John held the seat until serious illnessprompted his resignation from Parliament in February 1905 by taking the Chiltern Hundreds, triggering another by-election. He died in June 1905, on his 63rd birthday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029427-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Livingstone football team\nThe 1892 Livingstone football team represented Livingstone College in the 1892 college football season as an independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029427-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Livingstone football team\nOn December 27 of 1892, Livingstone College and Biddle College, (Johnson C. Smith) University played in the snows of Salisbury, North Carolina, just two days after Christmas. A writer of a story in the 1930 year-book of Livingstone College provided a glimpse of that December experience when the team from Biddle Institute traveled to Livingstone's Old Delta Grove campus in Salisbury to play while writers recorded the results of a historic moment in sports history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029427-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Livingstone football team\nAccording to historian T.M. Martin, the men of Biddle spent two years studying and practicing the sport of football. In 1892, they challenged the men of Livingstone, whose team was formally organized in the fall of that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029427-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Livingstone football team\nIt is doubtful that when Biddle University and Livingstone College teed it up on Dec. 27, 1892, in what was described as little more than a cow pasture, no less, if the contestants in this momentous occasion had the slightest inkling of the legacy they were about to give birth to. Games of monumental historical significance, coaches of legendary proportions and players of extraordinary brilliance ultimately emerged from the mother lode that was to become known as the historically Black colleges and universities. The teams played two 45-minute halves on Livingstone's front lawn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029427-0003-0001", "contents": "1892 Livingstone football team\nW.J. Trent scored Livingstone's only touchdown on a fumble recovery. By then snow had covered the field's markings and Biddle argued that the fumble was recovered out of bounds. The official ruled in Biddle's favor, allowing them to keep the 5\u20130 lead that they had established early on and giving JCSU the historic 1st victory! And the rivalry continues. ...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029428-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nThe 1892 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge was the inaugural edition of the Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge cycle race and was held on 29 May 1892. L\u00e9on Houa won the race, which started and finished in Li\u00e8ge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029429-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Louisiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Louisiana gubernatorial election was held on April 19, 1892. Like most Southern states between Reconstruction and the civil rights era, Louisiana's Republican Party was virtually nonexistent in terms of electoral support. In addition, the Republican Party had split into two factions, each supporting a different candidate. As Louisiana had not yet adopted party primaries, this meant that the Democratic Party convention nomination vote was supposed to be the real contest over who would be governor. At the convention, pro-lottery former Governor Samuel D. McEnery was nominated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029429-0000-0001", "contents": "1892 Louisiana gubernatorial election\nAs a result of the nomination of a pro-lottery candidate, a group of anti-lottery Democrats nominated their own candidate, State Senator Murphy J. Foster. In addition to the four candidates already mentioned, the increasingly popular Populists nominated R. H. Tannehill and their candidate. Despite all of this, Senator Foster was elected with 45% of the vote with a comfortable 19% margin between him and McEnery, who placed second. This election marked the last time until 1979 that the official Democratic Party nominee was defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029430-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Louisville Colonels season\nThe 1892 Louisville Colonels season saw the Colonels professional baseball team of Louisville, Kentucky, compete as members of the National League. In a split season schedule, the Colonels finished 11th in the first half of the season and ninth in the second half. Overall, the team had a record of 63\u201389, ninth-best in the 12-team National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029430-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029430-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029430-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029430-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029431-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Maltese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Malta on 5 and 6 September 1892. Elections were only held in three constituencies as all other members were returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029431-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Maltese general election, Background\nThe elections were held under the Knutsford Constitution. Ten members were elected from single-member constituencies, whilst a further four members were elected to represent nobility and landowners, graduates, clerics and the Chamber of Commerce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029431-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Maltese general election, Results\nA total of 10,522 people were registered to vote, of which just 1,062 cast votes, giving a turnout of 10%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029432-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Manitoba general election\nThe 1892 Manitoba general election was held on July 23, 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029433-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Marquette Blue and Gold football team\nThe 1892 Marquette Blue and Gold football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1892 college football season. In Marquette's first season of American football, the University compiled a 1\u20132 record, with two losses against nearby Milwaukee High School and a win over Loyola of Chicago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029434-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Maryland Aggies football team\nThe 1892 Maryland Aggies football team represented the Maryland Agricultural College (now the University of Maryland) in the 1892 college football season. It was the first football team to officially represent the school. Maryland played three games, all of which it lost, and failed to score any points. Halfback Pearse \"Shorty\" Prough gained the only positive yardage for the team against Episcopal High School. He netted 35\u00a0yards from scrimmage after first running 30\u00a0yards in the wrong direction. It remained the only winless Maryland team until matched by the 1967 squad coached by Bob Ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029434-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Maryland Aggies football team, Season summary\nTeams composed mostly of MAC students were fielded in 1890 and 1891, but the 1892 squad was the first officially sponsored by the college. Dick Pue was elected captain as the only member to return from the unofficial 1891 \"varsity\". The Aggies opened the season against St. John's College, which had fielded a team since 1885. The game was held on October 15 in Annapolis and attended by a large crowd. Many of the spectators had traveled to also attend the Navy\u2013Princeton game on the same day. Maryland was overmatched in all aspects and was routed by St. John's, 50\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029434-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Maryland Aggies football team, Season summary\nOn November 5, the Aggies traveled by the B&O Railroad to face Johns Hopkins at Clifton Park in Baltimore. The heavier Hopkins team scored a touchdown in the game's first 40\u00a0seconds on its way to a 62\u20130 victory. The Baltimore American judged Prough, Rollins, Strickler, and Worthington as Maryland's best players of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029434-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Maryland Aggies football team, Season summary\nMaryland closed the season against Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia. Episcopal controlled the game and won, 16\u20130. Halfback Pearse \"Shorty\" Prough recovered an Episcopal fumble and ran in the wrong direction 30\u00a0yards before realizing his error and changing course for a net gain of 35\u00a0yards to the opponent's 15-yard line. According to later accounts from eyewitnesses described in King of American Football in 1952, it may have been the Aggies' only positive yardage of the game. Episcopal's school newspaper, the Monthly Chronicle wrote, \"Runs by [Episcopal's] Prof. Mead and Conrad were followed by Whaley dropping the ball. Prough picks it up and, forgetting himself, starts off for the wrong goal. He regains his self-possession, however, in time to turn and, by a pretty piece of running, make a net gain in the end.\" The Chronicle added that Maryland \"showed an unaccreditable ignorance of football.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 970]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029435-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Maryville Scots football team\nThe 1892 Maryville Scots football team represented the Maryville College during the 1892 college football season. In its inaugural season, the team's head coach was the Japanese Kin Takahashi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029436-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1892 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1892 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 4\u20136\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029437-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. Incumbent Democratic Governor William Russell was re-elected to a third term in office over Republican Lt. Governor William H. Haile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029438-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 113th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1892 during the governorship of William E. Russell. Alfred S. Pinkerton served as president of the Senate and William Emerson Barrett served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029439-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Mauritius cyclone\nOn April 29, 1892, a powerful tropical cyclone struck the island of Mauritius in the South-West Indian Ocean. At least 1,200 people died during the storm, and another 4,000 people were injured, with 50,000 people left homeless, making the cyclone the second-deadliest tropical cyclone recorded in the South-West Indian Ocean basin, behind Cyclone Idai in 2019. It is also the third-deadliest recorded in the Southern Hemisphere, behind the aforementioned Cyclone Idai and the 1973 Flores cyclone. The storm originated north of the island, and local meteorologists expected that the storm would remain away from the island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029439-0000-0001", "contents": "1892 Mauritius cyclone\nConsequentially, residents were unprepared until the arrival of the strong winds. For a span of 65 minutes, the calm of the storm's eye occurred on the island, before the winds again increased, reaching 195\u00a0km/h (121\u00a0mph), with gusts to 216\u00a0km/h (134\u00a0mph). During the storm, the barometric pressure dropped to 947\u00a0mbar (27.96\u00a0inHg), breaking the 74-year-old record for the lowest recorded pressure on the island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029439-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Mauritius cyclone\nThe damage on Mauritius was so severe that contemporaneous newspapers questioned whether the island would recover. Damage was estimated at \u00a32,000,000 (1892 GBP, $9.75 million USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029439-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Mauritius cyclone, Meteorological history\nBefore the storm struck, Mauritius had never experienced a cyclone between April 12 and December 1, which was considered outside of the cyclone season. The origins of the damaging cyclone are unclear. A report from the Royal Alfred Observatory on Mauritius noted that a large cyclone was moving southwestward on April 24, 1892, located north of the island. Over the next few days, the storm either recurved to the southeast, or generated a second smaller cyclone moving southeastward. Regardless, a powerful cyclone struck what was then the British colony of Mauritius on April 29.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 46], "content_span": [47, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029439-0002-0001", "contents": "1892 Mauritius cyclone, Meteorological history\nFrom 1:25 to 2:30 pm that afternoon, the island experienced the eye of the storm for 65 minutes, before the winds again increased. At 2:30 pm, a weather station recorded a minimum pressure of 947\u00a0mbar (27.96\u00a0inHg); this was the lowest pressure ever recorded on Mauritius at the time, breaking the record set on March 1, 1818. At 3:47 pm, the weather station recorded maximum sustained winds of 195\u00a0km/h (121\u00a0mph). Wind gusts reached 216\u00a0km/h (134\u00a0mph), which would be the highest winds on the island until Cyclone Carol in 1960. There have been only six tropical cyclones producing a stronger wind gust since the 1892 storm: Carol, Jenny in 1962, Danielle in 1964, Gervaise in 1975, Claudette in 1979, and Dina in 2002. Cyclone Hollanda in 1994 tied the winds produced by the 1892 storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 46], "content_span": [47, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029439-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Mauritius cyclone, Meteorological history\nThe cyclone also produced lightning on the island during its passage. Weather conditions quickly improved on Mauritius after the storm moved away from the island. The storm was unusual in its trajectory coming from the northwest; most other Mauritius cyclones struck from the northeast. The nomenclature for the weather phenomena on Mauritius was variously described as a blizzard, cyclone, hurricane, tornado, and whirlwind, although the size and scope of the storm meant it was not a proper tornado. A contemporaneous newspaper article described April 29 on the island as \"Black Friday\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 46], "content_span": [47, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029439-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Mauritius cyclone, Preparations and impact\nFor several days, high waves affected northern Mauritius, but the cyclone to the north was expected to remain away from the island. On the morning that the cyclone arrived, the weather observatory sent a telegram, noting that \"[the winds] will probably not exceed 90\u00a0km/h (56\u00a0mph)\". This was the final warning before the telegraph lines snapped. Officials in the capital city Port Louis warned residents about the impending arrival of the storm by firing a cannon, followed by a gunshot. Responding to the warning, all traffic was halted, and residents secured doors and storms shutters. As most houses on the island were constructed of wood, the shutters served as the primary means of defense to the high winds. The island's ports were closed on the morning of the storm's arrival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 47], "content_span": [48, 831]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029439-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Mauritius cyclone, Preparations and impact\nDuring a span of about six hours, the cyclone damaged most of the buildings on Mauritius, killed at least 1,200 people, and injured 4,000 others. Six villages were largely destroyed: Beau Bassin, Rose Hill, Phoenix, Vacoas, Rose-Belle, and Mah\u00e9bourg-Souillac. Residents returned to business during the passage of the storm's eye, which was marked by the rain stopping and the appearance of the sun. After the eye passed, the winds increased from the opposite direction. Many residents were unprepared for the ferocity of the storm, which contributed to the high death toll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 47], "content_span": [48, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029439-0005-0001", "contents": "1892 Mauritius cyclone, Preparations and impact\nStrong winds damaged or destroyed most houses, leaving about 50,000 people homeless, and also wrecked 30 of the islands' 50 churches. The cyclone wrecked 75% of the island's sugar production facilities, completely decimating some plantations, which cut the sugar industry in half. Centuries-old trees were knocked down or stripped of their leaves, with about 200,000 trees knocked down on the island. Rail service was halted due to storm debris on the tracks. Damage on Mauritius was estimated at \u00a32,000,000 (1892 GBP, $9.75 million USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 47], "content_span": [48, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029439-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Mauritius cyclone, Preparations and impact\nAbout one third of Port Louis was destroyed during the storm, with 1,500 houses wrecked and 20,000 people left homeless. There were at least 596 fatalities in the city. Intense clouds gathered in the mountains above the city and unleashed a torrent. High waters sank a dozen barges in the harbor, and washed at least 13 ships onto land, some 6.1\u00a0m (20\u00a0ft) above sea level. During the storm, at least ten fires broke out in Port Louis, which destroyed 16 houses, and burnt several injured residents to death. The storm destroyed churches and schools, including the Royal College. High winds knocked down trees, lifted the roofs of houses, and flung deadly airborne debris. The winds also knocked out telegraph lines, limiting communications, and damaged rail lines, interrupting travel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 47], "content_span": [48, 833]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029439-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Mauritius cyclone, Aftermath\nAfter the storm, military members and civilians transported the deceased residents of Mauritius by cart through the damaged streets, burying the dead in public cemeteries. Injured residents were carried and treated to the few buildings left standing, while homeless residents were housed in the barracks and the immigration building. Soldiers patrolled the streets of Port Louis to prevent looting. Under order from the island's colonial governor Thomas Elliott, churches were allowed to take rice and tea for injured storm victims. Responding to the death toll from the storm, flags were ordered to be flown at half-mast for eight days. Contemporaneous newspapers questioned whether the island would be able to recover from the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029439-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Mauritius cyclone, Aftermath\nThe lord mayor started a relief fund to raise funds for rebuilding. Mauritius administrator Eug\u00e8ne P. J. Lecl\u00e9zio requested assistance from the British government, estimating the cost of rebuilding at \u00a3800,000. The British government granted loan to farmers, to be repaid after 20 years, to prevent them from going bankrupt. Nearby R\u00e9union island and Seychelles sent resources to Mauritius to assist in rebuilding. Other residents in the British Empire helped the colony rebuild. The United Society Partners in the Gospel raised \u00a31,114 to rebuild damaged churches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029440-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Mercer Baptists football team\nThe 1892 Mercer Baptists football team represented Mercer University in the 1892 college football season. They finished with a record of 1\u20130 as they won their only game 12\u20136 for their first win in program history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election\nThe second election to the Merionethshire County Council was held in March 1892. They were preceded by the 1889 election and followed by the 1895 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Overview of the result\nThe Liberals held their large majority with most seats being uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 67], "content_span": [68, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Unopposed Returns\nAt the inaugural election the majority of seats had been contested, and in many cases the majorities were very small. By 1892, however, most wards were uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 62], "content_span": [63, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Contested Elections\nThere were a large number of contested elections and the majorities were small in most instances. In most cases there were contests between Liberal and Conservative candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 64], "content_span": [65, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, The New Council\nThe first meeting of the council was held in Dolgellau.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 60], "content_span": [61, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Summary of Results\nThis section summarises the detailed results which are noted in the following sections. This was the inaugural county election and therefore no comparison can be made with the previous elections. One councillor was described as an Independent candidate but was also grouped in some reports with the Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 63], "content_span": [64, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Summary of Results\nThis table summarises the result of the elections in all wards. 42 councillors were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 63], "content_span": [64, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Summary of Results\nThis table summarises the position following the election of aldermen. Eight were elected from among the elected members and eight from outside the council. This brought the total number of councillors and aldermen to 56.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 63], "content_span": [64, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Summary of Results\nThis table summarises the position following the by-elections for the three seats vacated following the election of aldermen. Technically these were new seats, taking the total number of councillors to 56. However, the Liberals defended three seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 63], "content_span": [64, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Aberdovey District\nEnoch Lewis, Balkan Hill, standing as an Independent defeated William Jones, Sea View Terrace. The previous member sat as a Conservative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 72], "content_span": [73, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Cynfal and Teigl District (two seats)\nWilliam Davies, farmer, of Caerblaidd, Ffestiniog and John Hughes, farmer, of Hafodfawrisaf, Maentwrog, were elected at the expense of George Henry Ellis, solicitor, of Penymount, Ffestiniog and Edward Henry Jonathan, draper, of Paris House, Four Crosses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 91], "content_span": [92, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Dyffryn\nSamuel Pope, having been caught in the controversy over use of the Welsh language in 1889, did not seek re-election. John Davies, Glanymorfa, was elected in his place, defeating W. Ansell, Corsygedol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 61], "content_span": [62, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Harlech District\nThe sitting member, Richard Thomas Jones, surgeon, of Penygarth Villa, Harlech defeated F.R. Lloyd of Bronygraig by a much larger margin than his success in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 70], "content_span": [71, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Llanfor\nRichard John Price of Rhiwlas defeated William Thomas Rowlands, farmer, of Tanycoed, Llanfor (L).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 61], "content_span": [62, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Llanfrothen\nJohn Jones, gentleman, of Ynysfor, Llanfrothen defeated William Hughes, farmer, of Cwmcaeth, Nantmor, Beddgelert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 65], "content_span": [66, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0015-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Maenofferen and Diphwys Combined District (two seats)\nJohn Parry Jones of the District Bank, Blaenau Ffestiniog and Robert Owen Jones, solicitor, of High Street, Blaenau Ffestiniog were elected at the expense of Morris Jones, flour dealer, of Blaenbowydd House, Blaenau Ffestiniog.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 107], "content_span": [108, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0016-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Penrhyn and Talsarnau (two seats)\nJ. B. Jones, miller, of Brynyfelin and John Rowe, quarry manager, of Glasfryn View, Penrhyn, were elected at the expense of Edmund Morgan Roberts, farmer, of Cefntrefor- isaf, Talsarnau and John Morgan, grocer, of Canton House, High Street, Blaenau Ffestiniog.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 87], "content_span": [88, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0017-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Results, Trawsfynydd Eastern and Western Districts (two seats)\nJohn Humphreys, physician and surgeon, of Fronwynion-street, Trawsfynydd and Robert Hugh Pughe, farmer, of Brynllefrith, Trawsfynydd, were elected at the expense of David Tegid Jones, farmer, of Y Goppa and William Evans, draper, of Meirion House, Trawsfynydd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 107], "content_span": [108, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0018-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nIn addition to the 42 councillors the council consisted of 14 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the election of the initial sixteen aldermen, half of the aldermanic bench would be  elected every three years following the triennial council election. After the initial elections, there were sixteen Aldermanic vacancies and the following Alderman were appointed by the newly elected council:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 65], "content_span": [66, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0019-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen\nOnly three of those elected were members of the council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 65], "content_span": [66, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0020-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Aldermanic Vacancies 1889-1895\nRichard Jones died suddenly in February 1889, creating an immediate vacancy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 75], "content_span": [76, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0021-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, Aldermanic Vacancies 1889-1895\nTherefore, the following appointment was made for the remaining six years in May 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 75], "content_span": [76, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029441-0022-0000", "contents": "1892 Merionethshire County Council election, By-elections, Bala by-election\nEdward Watkin, land agent, Rhiwlas, standing as an Independent, defeated the Liberal candidate by fifteen votes. Richard Jones, who had been elected alderman, died three days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 75], "content_span": [76, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029442-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Mexican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Mexico in 1892. Incumbent president Porfirio D\u00edaz was re-elected with 99.9% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029443-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1892 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University during the 1892 college football season. There was no paid head coach for the season. They had a 2\u20132 record in 4 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029444-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team\nThe 1892 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team represented Michigan State Normal School (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) during the 1892 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Dean W. Kelley, the Normalites compiled a record of 2\u20131 and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 36 to 30. George L. Wilson was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1892 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented the University of Michigan in the 1892 college football season. In its first season under head coach Frank Barbour, the team compiled a 7\u20135 record and outscored its opponents by a combined score of 298 to 170. With 298 points scored, the team held the record for the most points scored in a single season by a Michigan football team until 1901.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1892 season was Michigan's first in the newly-formed Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the Northwest consisting of the Universities of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, and Northwestern University. The season also included: (i) a road trip through four states in which the team played five games in 15 days; (ii) Michigan's inaugural matches against Wisconsin, Minnesota, Northwestern, and Amos Alonzo Stagg's Chicago Maroons; and (iii) a controversial game with John Heisman's Oberlin team which both teams claim to have won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team\nFullback George Dygert was the team captain and started all 12 games for Michigan. Right halfback George Jewett led the team on offense and was described by coach Barbour as the best halfback he had ever seen. In 1890, Jewett became the first African American to play football at Michigan; after 1892, it was 40 years before another African American played football for the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nIn April 1892, representatives of several Western colleges met at the Grand Pacific Hotel in Chicago where they formed the Western College Athletic League to compete in football, baseball and track. The members of the new league were the University of Wisconsin, University of Michigan, Northwestern University, and the University of Minnesota. The Western College Athletic League laid the foundation for what later became the Big Ten Conference. With the new alliance in place, Michigan played several teams that would become its long-time rivals. The 1892 season included Michigan's first-ever games against Wisconsin, Minnesota, Northwestern, and Chicago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nBefore the season began, Michigan hired Frank Barbour of Yale as its new head football coach. Twenty men showed up for practice in mid-September. Barbour spent weeks teaching his players the fundamentals of the game. George Jewett, the first African-American to play football at Michigan, was described as the \"phenomenon\" of the pre-season practice. After the 1892 season, it took 40 years before another African American (Willis Ward) played for the Michigan football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 1: Michigan Athletic Association\nOn October 8, 1892, Michigan opened its season with a 74\u20130 victory over the Michigan Athletic Association team from Detroit. The game was played in 25-minute halves at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. George Jewett, credited with playing his \"usual brilliant running game,\" scored Michigan's first touchdown and kicked the goal. Michigan's second touchdown was scored by George Dygert with Jewett kicking the goal. On Michigan's next possession, Jewett ran 75 yards for a touchdown and kicked goal. Later in the first half, Jewett returned a kick for another touchdown and again kicked goal. Michigan led, 30\u20130, at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 93], "content_span": [94, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 1: Michigan Athletic Association\nIn the second half, Michigan scored 44 points. Jewett scored four more touchdowns and kicked four more goals. While contemporary accounts do not record who scored each touchdown and goal, the account in The U. of M. Daily attributes at least 44 points to Jewett on seven touchdowns (four points each) and eight kicks for goal (two points each).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 93], "content_span": [94, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 1: Michigan Athletic Association\nMichigan's lineup against M.A.A. was Ralph Waldo Emerson Hayes (right end), Willard W. Griffin (right tackle), Charles Thomas (right guard), Frank F. Harding (center rush), Virgil Tupper (left guard), Frank Henry Decke (left tackle), Woodruff [Paul Woodworth?] (left end), Edmond L. Sanderson and McAllister (quarterback), Lawrence Grosh (left halfback), Jewett (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 93], "content_span": [94, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 2: at Michigan Athletic Association\nFour days after the season opener, Michigan traveled to Detroit for a Wednesday night game against the Michigan Athletic Association. Michigan won the rematch, 68\u20130. Michigan scored seven touchdowns (four points each) and five goals (two points each) in the first half to take a 38\u20130 lead. The Wolverines added to their lead with five touchdowns, four goals, and a safety in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 96], "content_span": [97, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0008-0001", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 2: at Michigan Athletic Association\nThe Detroit Free Press wrote afterward that the Michigan team \"seems pretty well equipped this year\" and added: \"From the looks of some of them in the dressing room they have been tackling locomotives and other tough obstacles around the college town, but, like the veterans in the army, they only seem to relish it all the more when once bruised and broken up.\" The Michigan Athletic Association team was trained by Keene Fitzpatrick, who later gained fame as the trainer and track coach at Michigan and Princeton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 96], "content_span": [97, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 2: at Michigan Athletic Association\nMichigan's starting lineup for the second game was Hayes (right end), W. W. Griffin (right tackle), Thomas (right guard), Harding (center), Tupper (left guard), Decke (left tackle), Woodruff [Woodworth?] (left end), McAllister (quarterback), Crozier [Grosh?] (left halfback), Jewett (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback). Sanderson replaced McAllister at quarterback in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 96], "content_span": [97, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 3: at Wisconsin\nFrom October 15 to 29, 1892, Michigan conducted a five-game, 15-day road trip through Wisconsin, Minnesota, Indiana, and Illinois. The trip began on October 15 with the inaugural meeting between the Wolverines and the Wisconsin Badgers. The Wolverines won the game by a score of 10\u20136 before a crowd of 800 spectators at Randall Field in Madison, Wisconsin. The receipts from the game totaled approximately $300.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 3: at Wisconsin\nMichigan ran in a \"V\" formation in the game. According to the account published in the Chicago Tribune, George Jewett accounted for all 10 of Michigan's points with a long touchdown run and a kick for goal in the first half and a second touchdown in the second half. Wisconsin scored on a touchdown by left tackle Freeman with fullback Sumner kicking the goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 3: at Wisconsin\nThe game account published in the Wisconsin State Journal repeatedly referred to Jewett as \"the negro\". The newspaper described the crowd's reaction to a tackle of Jewett: \"Diving in between two of the Michigan men, he grasped the negro by the legs and brought him down. The crowd went wild, and even several of the oldest and most staid professors were seen to cheer and wave their hats.\" In its account of the game, the Detroit Free Press credited Jewett with \"some brilliant runs.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 3: at Wisconsin\nMichigan's starting lineup against Wisconsin was Paul Woodworth (right end), W. W. Griffin (right tackle), Charles Thomas (right guard), Frank Harding (center), Virgil Tupper (left guard), Frank Henry Decke (left tackle), Ralph Waldo Emerson Hayes (left end), Edmond Sanderson (quarterback), McAllister (left halfback), Jewett (right halfback), and George Dygert (fullback). Ten of Michigan's eleven starters played the entire game. Starting center Harding was \"knocked insensible\" near the end of the first half and was replaced by Frederick W. Henninger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 4: at Minnesota\nTwo days after playing Wisconsin, Michigan faced Minnesota at the Minneapolis Base Ball Park in Minneapolis. The game was the first of more than 90 meetings in Michigan's oldest football rivalry. Minnesota won the game, 14\u20136. After the Saturday afternoon game in Madison, the Wolverines arrived in Minneapolis at 8 o'clock on Sunday morning. The team spent Sunday afternoon with alumni in St. Paul and visited Minnehaha Falls on Monday morning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0015-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 4: at Minnesota\nThe game was played on Monday afternoon during a hard rain that made the field wet and muddy. Despite the rain, The Minneapolis Tribune reported that the game was played before \"the largest crowd that ever witnessed a football game in the Northwest.\" The Saint Paul Daily Globe, on the other hand, estimate the crowd size at 800 persons. Michigan's starting center Frank Harding was unable to play due to the injury he sustained against Wisconsin. The Detroit Free Press's account of the game reported that Michigan was \"badly outclassed at center and could not withstand Minnesota's rush.\" At the end of a 45-minute first half, Minnesota led 10-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0016-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 4: at Minnesota\nMichigan's only touchdown came on a long run by George Jewett in the second half. Jewett and Ralph Hayes were also praised for making \"great tackles.\" The Minneapolis Tribune noted that \"Jewett, Ann Arbor's colored phenomenon at half-back, could win the game alone with half a chance.\" Jewett made gains for Michigan throughout the game, and Michigan coach Frank Barbour, who played at Yale, called Jewett \"the best half-back he has ever seen.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0017-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 4: at Minnesota\nMichigan's starting lineup against Wisconsin was Woodworth (right end), Griffin (right tackle), Thomas (right guard), Henninger (center), Tupper (left guard), Decke (left tackle), Hayes (left end), McAllister (quarterback), Grosh (left halfback), Jewett (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback). The only substitutions for Michigan were McAllister (replacing Grosh at left halfback in the first half), Sanderson (replacing McAllister at quarterback), and Southworth (replacing Woodworth at right end in the second half).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0018-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 5: vs. DePauw\nOn October 21, 1892, Michigan defeated DePauw, 18\u20130, before a crowd of 1,500 spectators at the old Y.M.C.A. ball grounds in Indianapolis. The game began at 4:00\u00a0p.m., having been delayed by the city's Columbian parade. Right halfback George Jewett scored 14 of Michigan's 18 points. On the opening drive, he ran around the end for 40 yards, McAllister scored on the next play, and Jewett kicked goal to give Michigan a 6\u20130 lead. On the next drive by DePauw, Jewett twice tackled DePauw's back, the latter time for a 10-yard loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0018-0001", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 5: vs. DePauw\nMichigan regained possession on a fumble, and on the first play of the drive, Jewett ran some 50 yards for a touchdown and kicked goal to give Michigan a 12\u20130 lead. On Michigan's third possession, Jewett \"skated across the field as he pleased\", scoring the third touchdown and kicked the goal to put Michigan ahead, 18\u20130. Darkness made play difficult in the second half, and the game was ended soon after the second half began.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0019-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 5: vs. DePauw\nAccording to the Detroit Free Press, the Wolverines \"did sharp work\" for the first 15 minutes of the game, scoring all 18 points in that time. The Wolverines reportedly lost their vigor in the remainder of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0020-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 5: vs. DePauw\nThe Indianapolis Journal wrote that Jewett \"played a brilliant game and was as elusive as a will-'o-the-wisp.\" During the game, a spectator yelled to a DePauw player, \"Kill the nigger,\" referring to Jewett, who was playing a brilliant game. On hearing the comment, Jewett approached the spectator \"with a leap like a panther\" and his \"fist shot out\". When the spectator picked himself up, he didn't know where he was. Jewett returned to the game in time for the next play \"as unconcerned as though he had just made an easy buck at the center.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0021-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 5: vs. DePauw\nMichigan's lineup against DePauw was Paul Woodworth (left end), Frank Decke (left tackle), Virgil Tupper (left guard), Frank Harding (center), Charles Thomas (right guard), W. W. Griffin (right tackle), Charles Southworth (right end), Ed Sanderson (quarterback), Jewett (right halfback), McAllister (left halfback), and George Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0022-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 6: at Purdue\nOn Monday, October 24, 1892, Michigan lost to Purdue, 24\u20130, before a crowd of 2,500 spectators at Stuart Field in Lafayette, Indiana. The game was the second meeting between the two schools, Michigan having won the first game in 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0023-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 6: at Purdue\nThe game began at 3:00\u00a0p.m. Purdue scored two touchdowns and kicked both goals to take a 12-0 lead at halftime. Purdue scored another two touchdowns and two goal from touchdown in the second half. Michigan sustained multiple injuries, and team captain George Dygert was injured on Purdue's fourth touchdown run. Michigan had no more replacements left to substitute into the game, so Purdue was allowed to kick its goal from touchdown, and the game was then called.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0024-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 6: at Purdue\nThe strain of playing five games in 13 days showed in the play of the Michigan team. The Detroit Free Press described a spate of injuries that eventually led to the game's early termination: \"Michigan's team was crippled at several points as it went on the field. Jewett's right ankle was very weak, and McAllister's back and neck still used up from the De Pauw game. Harding was hurt almost at the beginning, and was forced to retire before the middle of the half. . . .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0024-0001", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 6: at Purdue\nJewett was in no condition to play the game, and Freund had to take his place soon after Harding retired. . . . At the opening of the second half McAllister had his leg so strained that he gave his place to Woodworth, Southworth playing end. Soon after Dygert's ankle gave way and the game was called, since Michigan had no sixteenth man to enter the game.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0025-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 6: at Purdue\nAfter the game, Purdue fans celebrated with \"ringing of bells, parades and fireworks.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0026-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 6: at Purdue\nMichigan's starting lineup against Purdue was Powers (right end), W. W. Griffin (right tackle), Thomas (right guard), Harding (center), Tupper (left guard), Decke (left tackle), Woodworth (left end), Sanderson (quarterback), McAllister (left halfback), Jewett (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback). Players appearing in the game solely as substitutes for Michigan were Bird (right guard), Freund (right halfback), and Southworth (left end).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0027-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 7: vs. Northwestern\nMichigan concluded its 15-day road trip with its first-ever football game against Northwestern. The game was played in Chicago on Saturday, October 29, 1892, and Michigan lost, 10\u20138. The Michigan team arrived in Chicago shortly before 8 p.m. on Friday evening and spent the night at the Tremont Hotel. The game was played in 20-minute halves with 1,000 spectators in attendance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0028-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 7: vs. Northwestern\nEarly in the game, Michigan's left tackle Frank Decke recovered a fumble and returned it for a touchdown. George Jewett's kick for goal failed, and Michigan led, 4\u20130. Northwestern then tied the game when it scored a touchdown but missed the kick for goal. Later in the first half, Northwestern scored another touchdown and kicked its goal for a 10\u20134 lead at halftime. Michigan scored a touchdown in the second half with Jewett leading the attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0028-0001", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 7: vs. Northwestern\nMichigan's touchdown came on a fluke play when a Northwestern punt from deep in its own territory struck a Michigan rusher and bounced into the endzone. Woodworth fell on the ball for the touchdown. Jewett missed his second kick for goal, a kick that would have tied the game. Despite the missed kicks, the newspapers praised Jewett's play. The Chicago Daily Tribune noted: \"In the second half, Jewett the big colored halfback of Ann Arbor, made a number of brilliant rushes.\" The Detroit Free Press reported that \"Bray, Jewett and Decke carried off the honors for the U. of M.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0029-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 7: vs. Northwestern\nAfter the game, a large celebration took place on the Northwestern campus in a square on Davis Street. Students blew tin horns, and a large pile of barrels and boxes were set afire. Members of the football team were carried around the fire before the crowd marched to Woman's Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0030-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 7: vs. Northwestern\nMichigan's starting lineup against Northwestern was Smith (right end), Bray (right tackle), Thomas (right guard), Spangler (center), Griffin (left guard), Decke (left tackle), Woodworth (left end), McAllister (quarterback), Leonard (left halfback), Jewett (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0031-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 8: Albion\nOn November 5, 1892, Michigan played its second home game of the year. The Wolverines defeated Albion by a decisive score of 60\u20138. The game was played in halves of 45 minutes in front of 600 spectators at Regents Field. Michigan scored 10 touchdowns and converted on all 10 kicks for goal from touchdown. The Detroit Free Press reported: \"The university team played a sprinting game, nearly every touchdown being made after long runs and skillful dodging.\" George Jewett, in particular, was credited with playing a \"great game\", having kicked nine consecutive goals after touchdown. Dygert kicked the 10th goal. The score was evenly divided between the two halves, with Michigan scoring 30 points and Albion four points in each half. Contemporaneous newspaper accounts do not detail which players scored Michigan's 10 touchdowns, though Jewett, Dygert, and Leonard were credited with long runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 965]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0032-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 8: Albion\nThe game was marked by rough play. Michigan's left guard Jefferis received a \"vicious kick\" in the back, the sound of which could be heard in the grandstand. Jefferis left the game and was replaced by Hall. Michigan's right end Hayes accused Albion's fullback Mulholland of putting fingers in his mouth and trying \"to tear him.\" An Albion player also accused Michigan's left tackle Bray of slugging him in the face.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0033-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 8: Albion\nMichigan's lineup against Albion was James Bird and Hiram Powers (left end), Bray (left tackle), Albert Jefferis and Hall (left guard), Charles T. Griffin (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), W. W. Griffin (right tackle), Ralph Waldo Emerson Hayes (right end), Edmond L. Sanderson (quarterback), Jewett and McAllister (left halfback), Herman B. Leonard (right halfback), and George Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0034-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 9: at Cornell\nOn November 8, 1892, three days after playing Albion, Michigan played a Tuesday afternoon game against Cornell before a crowd of 1,200 spectators at Percy Field in Ithaca, New York. The Wolverines lost the game, 44\u20130. Michigan reportedly made good gains through center, \"used the wedge effectively\" and \"tackled hard, but guarded poorly and fumbled continually.\" The play of right halfback George Jewett was also a bright spot. The Cornell Sun wrote that, \"as the crowd thronged out of the gates every one was asking his companion, who was the phenominal [sic] right half-back with the U. of M. team.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0035-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 9: at Cornell\nThe team's rigorous travel schedule, likely the toughest ever undertaken by a Michigan team, took a toll. The Detroit Free Press reported: \"The Michigan eleven was really beaten before entering the game. The men had slept but two or three hours Monday night and were consequently in poor trim for the contest.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0036-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 9: at Cornell\nMichigan's lineup against Cornell was Powers (left end), Dickie (left tackle), Hall (left guard), C. T. Griffin (center), Henninger (right guard), W. W. Griffin (right tackle), Hayes (right end), Sanderson (quarterback), Freund (left halfback), Jewett (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0037-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Chicago\nOn November 13, 1892, Michigan played its first game against the Chicago Maroons. Michigan had originally been scheduled to play Lehigh in Toledo, but the opponent was changed to Chicago. A group of 300 traveled by train from Ann Arbor, escorted the team to Boody House, and \"showed Toledo how college boys take a city by storm.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0038-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Chicago\nThe game was played at Toledo's Olympic Park on a wet and muddy field. The crowd was estimated at 700 by the Detroit Free Press and at 1,500 by the Chicago Tribune. Michigan won the game by a score of 18 to 10. As the Michigan team took the field, the players were greeted by 300 Michigan students making \"an unearthly howl ending with their college yell.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0039-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Chicago\nAmos Alonzo Stagg was Chicago's coach, team captain, and starting right halfback. Decke scored Michigan's first touchdown, and Jewett kicked goal to give Michigan a 6\u20130 lead. Shortly thereafter, Rapp scored for Chicago, but the goal was missed, and Michigan led, 6\u20134. Decke then scored Michigan's second touchdown with Jewett again kicking goal to extend the lead to 12\u20134. Jewett was later stopped for a safety, and the lead narrowed to 12\u20136. Stagg then scored on a long run but missed the kick for gal, and the score stood at 12\u201310 at the end of a 45-minute first half. Michigan scored one touchdown in the second half and kicked goal. Jewett had a \"remarkable run\" dodging tacklers just before the clock expired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0040-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Chicago\nThe Chicago Tribune described the game as a \"triangular contest between the mud and the two teams\" and noted that, by the end of the game, the players \"resembled walking clay models from a sculptor's studio.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0041-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Chicago\nMichigan's starting lineup against Chicago was Hayes (right end), W. W. Griffin (right tackle), Thomas (right guard), C. T Griffin (center), Henninger (left guard), Decke (left tackle), Woodworth (left end), Sanderson (quarterback), Leonard (left halfback), Jewett (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0042-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 11: Oberlin\nOn November 19, 1892, Michigan played a close game against an undefeated Oberlin team led by player-coach John Heisman. The outcome of the game was, and remains, disputed. Michigan records the game as a 26\u201324 victory, while Oberlin does not count the final Michigan touchdown and records the game as a 24\u201322 victory for Oberlin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0043-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 11: Oberlin\nGeorge Jewett scored Michigan's first touchdown on 45-yard run around the right end. He also kicked goal, and Michigan led, 6\u20130. Williams then scored for Oberlin, and Hart kicked goal to tie the score. Savage scored Oberlin's second touchdown, and Hart again kicked goal to put Oberlin ahead, 12\u20136. Michigan scored three additional touchdowns in the first half, two by Jewett and one by W. W. Griffin. Jewett converted two out of the three kicks for goal from touchdown. Oberlin also scored another touchdown and kicked goal. At halftime, Michigan led, 22\u201318.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0044-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 11: Oberlin\nThe second half consisted of only three short drives before the game ended in controversy. Michigan began the half with possession and fumbled. On Oberlin's first possession of the second half, Savage took the ball at Oberlin's two-yard line and ran 103 yards to Michigan's five-yard line where Jewett caught up and tackled him. Two plays later, Hart scored a touchdown and Oberlin kicked goal to take a 24\u201322 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0044-0001", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 11: Oberlin\nOn the next possession after Hart's touchdown, Michigan ran two plays when the referee Ensworth, a substitute player for Oberlin, called time and the entire Oberlin team \"ran off the field so quickly it almost seemed prearranged.\" A Harvard man in the audience approached Oberlin's manager Hogen to say that \"Oberlin would be everlastingly disgraced among reputable Rugby teams if she persisted,\" but the Oberlin team refused to play out the game, boarded its bus, and left for its hotel. Michigan refused to accept the ruling and, with the support of the umpire (Horace Greely Prettyman of Michigan), handed the ball to Jewett who walked for Michigan's claimed fifth touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0045-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 11: Oberlin\nThe U. of M. Daily opined that Oberlin had played a strong game but had \"neutralized the good impression\" by \"leaving the field several minutes before time was up.\" In another account, the Daily detailed the clock controversy as follows: \"Referee Ensworth, an Oberlin substitute, lost all tab of time, and called the game at fourteen minutes to five, while the captain of each team had agreed to play until ten minutes before the hour. Time-keeper Spangler also verifies this. Captain Williams immediately got his team into the bus and were driven to their hotel. All expostulations with the Oberlin captain and manager were of no avail. Umpire Prettyman had the time and says that Mr. Ensworth did not take out a four minutes wait during the latter part of the half when one of the players was recovering from an injury.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 895]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0046-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 11: Oberlin\nAdding to the intrigue, the Chicago Tribune reported that Michigan's left tackle \"Doc\" Pearson had earlier been ejected from the game and in turn slugged the referee \u2013 the Oberlin man who later called the game over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0047-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 11: Oberlin\nThe Detroit newspapers reported that Michigan had won the game, while Oberlin newspapers reported that Oberlin had won. More than a century later, the controversy continued as the Oberlin Alumni Magazine published an article titled \"The Day Oberlin Beat Michigan, Or Did We?\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0048-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 11: Oberlin\nMichigan's lineup against Oberlin was Woodworth (left end), Pearson and Bird (left tackle), Thomas (left guard), C. T. Griffin (center), Henninger (right guard), W. w. Griffin (right tackle), Hayes (right end), Sanderson (quarterback), Leonard and Freund (left halfback), Jewett (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0049-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 12: vs. Cornell\nOn Thanksgiving Day, November 24, 1896, Michigan lost a second game to Cornell by a 30\u201310 score. The game was played in Detroit on the Detroit Athletic Club grounds. Attendance was reported as 3,000 by The U. of M. Daily and 3,500 by the Detroit Free Press.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0050-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 12: vs. Cornell\nCornell dominated the first half, scoring four touchdowns and kicking two goals from touchdown to take a 20\u20130 lead. In the second half, each team scored 10 points, but the deficit created in the first half gave the victory to Cornell. George Jewett scored Michigan's first touchdown and also kicked the goal. Moving the ball with Jewett, Michigan relied on a trick play. The U. of M. Daily described the play: \"Jewett got the ball on the pass back. The whole team started, gridiron fashion, to the left, and Jewett, after a few yards, appeared at the right side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0050-0001", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 12: vs. Cornell\nIt fooled Cornell badly and Jewett made 25 yards.\" After Jewett had already been tackled, a second Oberlin player, Witherbee, \"came in on a gallop and dropped hard on Jewett's head.\" Jewett got up, \"smashed Witherbee on the nose\", and was ejected from the game. Charles Rittenger, substituting for Jewett, scored Michigan's final touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0051-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 12: vs. Cornell\nMichigan's starting lineup against Cornell was Ralph Waldo Emerson Hayes (right end), W. W. Griffin (right tackle), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), C. T Griffin (center), Charles Thomas (left guard), Frank Decke (left tackle), Paul Woodworth (left end), Edmond Sanderson (quarterback), Lawrence Grosh and Raynor Freund (left halfback), Jewett and Charles Rittenger (right halfback), and George Dygert (fullback). Freund and Rittenger appeared as substitutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0052-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Growing interest among students and alumni\nIn January 1893, an article by Ralph Stone (1868\u20131956), who later served as a Regent of the University of Michigan, appeared in The Inlander. Stone expressed hope that the development of a rivalry with the University of Chicago might help overcome the \"woeful\" lack of loyalty to alma mater manifested in the university's alumni. He wrote:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 98], "content_span": [99, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0053-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Growing interest among students and alumni\n\"The apparent lack of patriotism among our alumni is largely due to the fact that while in college there was little or no incentive to college spirit, so-called, growing out of contests with other colleges. Michigan has always been without a near-at-hand rival. Therefore, her alumni were born, brought up, and graduated into the world without much of an opportunity to yell, fight and bet upon her college base-ball team, foot-ball team, or crew. Perhaps the University of Chicago, under the leadership of Stagg, may alter matters in this respect in the near future. . . .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 98], "content_span": [99, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0053-0001", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Growing interest among students and alumni\nThe athletic competition which is now awakening will rouse a more active display of their latent enthusiasm, and it will do it without sacrificing the real and more serious purpose of the University. While we deplore the excessive attention now paid at times to athletics, we cannot deny that athletic prestige does much to help a university in more substantial ways.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 98], "content_span": [99, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0054-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Starting lineup\nThe following 17 players received varsity letters for their participation on Michigan's 1892 football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029445-0055-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Other players\nThe following players are listed in Michigan's 1892 roster or game summaries as having also participated on the 1892 team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029446-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 1, 1892. Republican nominee John T. Rich defeated Democratic candidate Allen B. Morse with 47.21% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029447-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1892 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1892 college football season. After the departure of Tom Eck, head coach in 1891, the University of Minnesota team played for one season without a coach. This year, an organization was formed called the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the Northwest by representatives of Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin and Northwestern. Minnesota went undefeated this season, including wins over all three other members of the league, so they won the first league championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029447-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe game against Michigan was Minnesota's first game in the historic rivalry that would spawn the most famous of all rivalry trophies, the Little Brown Jug. The game against Northwestern was also the first meeting with that school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029447-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nOctober 17, 1892, Minnesota faced Michigan in Minneapolis. The game was the first of more than 90 meetings in the Little Brown Jug rivalry. Minnesota won the game, 14\u20136. The game was played on a Monday afternoon during a hard rain that made the field wet and muddy. The Detroit Free Press's account of the game reported that Michigan was \"badly outclassed at center and could not withstand Minnesota's rush.\" At the end of a 45-minute first half, Minnesota led 10-0. Michigan's only touchdown came on a long run by George Jewett in the second half. Jewett and Ralph Hayes were also praised for making \"great tackles.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 69], "content_span": [70, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029448-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1892. Republican Party of Minnesota candidate Knute Nelson defeated Democratic Party of Minnesota challenger Daniel W. Lawler and People's Party candidate Ignatius L. Donnelly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029449-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1892 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri as a member of the Western Interstate University Football Association (WIUFA) during the 1891 college football season. In its first season under head coach E. H. Jones, the team compiled a 1\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029450-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Missouri gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892 and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, former Congressman William J. Stone, over the Republican candidate former Congressman William Warner, Populist candidate Leverett Leonard, and Prohibition candidate John Sobieski.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029451-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Montana gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Montana gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029451-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Montana gubernatorial election\nRepublican nominee John E. Rickards defeated Democratic nominee Timothy E. Collins and Populist nominee William Kennedy with 41.17% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029451-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Montana gubernatorial election, Bibliography\nThis Montana elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season\nThe 1892 New South Wales Rugby Football season was the 19th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. This was the third competition for the Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield and the first competition for the Association Cricket Ground Cup. The football season lasted from May to September. The premiership was won for the sixth time by the Wallaroo Football Club, who had won their last premiership twelve years prior in 1880. Wallaroo defeated their greatest rivals, Sydney University A, in the final to win both the premiership and the Agricultural Society Challenge Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0000-0001", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season\nSydney University A were also in the final for the Association Cricket Ground Cup, which was won by the Randwick Football Club. The Junior Badges saw Carlton win the final. Their opponents, The Pirates were defeated in the final for the third year in succession. The Second Junior Badges saw Sydney University 2nd defeat Ryde in the final. The Third Junior Badges was won by Surry, who defeated Grosvenor in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Teams\nFor 1892 10 teams submitted entries into the Senior Badges. Many of the clubs had competed in the Senior Badges during the last season. New to the ranks were Balmain and Wentworth. Wentworth had played the Junior Badges for a number of seasons and were the current premiers. Balmain was a new club, recently formed. Both the Arfoma and Rosedale clubs decided to focus their efforts on the Junior badges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nAt the beginning of the new season, a committee of the Association Cricket Ground generously donated a trophy to be competed for by the senior clubs. How the competition was to be arranged was left up to the Union to decide. With the Agricultural Society Shield and the premiership to also be awarded, the Union attempted to incorporate all awards into one competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 41], "content_span": [42, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nA round robin style preliminary round was arranged with each senior team playing against each other once. At the conclusion of the regular season, the four clubs with the best records would be drawn against each other in the Semi Finals for the Association Ground Cup. The next four clubs from the regular season would be drawn to play against each other in the Qualifying Round for the Agricultural Society Shield. For the second week, the winners of the Semi Finals would proceed to the Association Ground Cup Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 41], "content_span": [42, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0003-0001", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nThe winner of the Final, played on the Association Cricket Ground, will win the Cup. The losers of the Semi Finals will be drawn to play against the winners of the two Qualifying Round games. For the third week, the winners of these two games will be drawn against the Cup Finalists in the Agricultural Society Shield Semi Finals. The winners of the two Semi's will progress to the Shield Final with the winner awarded the Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 41], "content_span": [42, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nAs for the Premiership, all of the games contributing to the Association Ground Cup and the Agricultural Society Shield would continue to be added to the ladder. At the conclusion of these games, the team with the best record will be awarded the premiership. With this arrangement, the Premier may not be the winner of either of the two trophies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 41], "content_span": [42, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes\nAt a meeting prior to the beginning of the premiership a motion was put forward to change the name of the union from the Southern Rugby Football Union to the New South Wales Rugby Football Union. A vote was taken which saw this change made.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 41], "content_span": [42, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nThe 1892 Sydney Rugby Football Season was seen as being successful in every way. The weather was everything that could have been desired, with the exception of rain during the last few weekends. Public interest was greater than had been seen during previous seasons. Gameplay had improved with an absence of heavy scrums and an adoption of more passing and kicking, thus making the game open, fast and exciting. Many games were even, with the final result in the balance right up to its conclusion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nThe first round of the premiership saw both the Balmain and Sydney Clubs fail to put together a team to play their respective opponents. After this, both clubs withdrew from the competition. All future games that had been arranged against them would be declared forfeits with the opposing club receiving the points on the ladder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nFrom the beginning of the season, Sydney University A were seen as the winners of the Agricultural Society Shield, based upon past performances. With the club having already won the Shield twice, a third win would see them become the permanent owners of it. They were also favourites to win the new Association Ground Cup. However, after losing their first game against Wallaroo, it was seen that the team were not of the same exceptional high standard of past teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0008-0001", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nWith many of their top players no longer part of the team, the Varsity did well to become runners-up for the premiership. After the regular season matches had concluded, they found themselves playing in both trophy finals, however losing both. The season saw the re-igniting of their old rivalry with the Wallaroo club, meeting their nemesis three times during the competition. The Varsity won only one of these matches with the other two finishing in close losses for the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nAfter defeating the Varsity in the first round, the Wallaroo Football Club played consistently during the season holding the pride of place on the ladder. The manner that the team defeated their long standing rivals demonstrated that they would be difficult to beat. The main strength of the team lay in its forwards, being a large pack. Their back line were not superstars, however they could hold their own on the field. Wallaroo had the fewest points scored against them across the season. The team finished the thirteen matches with eleven wins and one draw. Their only loss came at the hands of the Varsity, where they lost their best three-quarter and had to play the majority of the match with only fourteen players. Wallaroo won both the Agricultural Society Shield and the Premiership, their first victory since 1880.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 870]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nThe Randwick Football Club demonstrated a marked improvement in their performance during the Premiership. Their surprise win over Sydney University in the final for the Association Cricket Ground Cup raised the hopes of all. However the very next round saw them defeated by eventual premiers, Wallaroo. As a team, Randwick were one of the fastest with multiple sprinters in their pack but their forwards were too light.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nZealandia, last season's finalist, started the year strongly. Early in the premiership the team lost the services of their captain leading to their performance to fall away rapidly. The team narrowly missed the Semi Finals for the Association Ground Cup and eventually bowed out in the Semi Finals for the Agricultural Society Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nNew to the Senior Badges, the Wentworth club held their own against the older teams. The reigning Junior Champions finished third after the regular season games, making the Semi Finals for the Association Ground Cup. Unfortunately they were eliminated from the competition and lost their Qualifying round match against Zealandia. It was hoped that their success in the premiership would encourage other teams to make the step up into the Senior Badges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nParramatta were a club that never quite reached their potential. As a team they contained many star players and it was believed that they should have finished higher on the ladder at the end of the season. With Fred Belbridge as captain, it was hoped that the performance of the club would improve in the future.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nAfter a splendid show last year, the Strathfield club were a miserable failure during 1892. Several of their best players left the club, with some quitting football altogether. The team were shaken by these exits and were unable to bring it together of the course of the season. Strathfield finished the season having only defeated the last placed University B team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0015-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary\nWith as many as four teams spread across the Senior Badges and the Second Junior Badges, the Sydney University B team was seen to have lost the services of many players who played in the lower grades. It was believed that, if these players had chosen to through in their lot with them, the B team would not have finished at the bottom of the ladder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0016-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 1, 13 August, Association Cricket Ground Cup Semi Finals\nThe Semi Finals for the Cup were drawn through ballot with Wallaroo playing against old rivals Sydney University A, and Randwick taking on new comers Wentworth. Both games were scheduled to play on the Association Cricket Ground one after the other. In the first game, Wallaroo lost the services of their three-quarter, Strange, just before half-time. Even though Wallaroo now played with 14 men, a big handicap against the Varsity, the match remained pretty close. It was during the last twenty minutes of the match that University took command of the game and the scoreline blew out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 98], "content_span": [99, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0016-0001", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 1, 13 August, Association Cricket Ground Cup Semi Finals\nThe Randwick-Wentworth match proved to be a fast and exciting game. Wentworth began the match strong, but Randwick held their resolve. Eventually, Randwick took charge of the game and played what was considered to be their best performance up to that point. Wentworth were given a demonstration of effective passing and game play. The win saw Randwick progress to play against University in the Cup Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 98], "content_span": [99, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0017-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 1, 13 August, Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield Qualifying Round\nThe two Qualifying Round matches were played together on the Agricultural Society Ground. The draw saw Strathfield play Parramatta and Zealandia against Sydney University B. Poor crowd attendance at the ground saw a stubborn contest between two depleted teams in Strathfield and Parramatta. Parramatta managed to score a narrow victory to move on to the next week of the finals. A fast game was witnessed between Zealandia and University B, the play quickly moving from one end of the ground to the other. Despite the scoreline, the match was seen to be even between the two teams. Zealandia managed to win the match. With these two results, Strathfield and University B were eliminated from the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 116], "content_span": [117, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0018-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 2, 20 August, Association Cricket Ground Cup Final\nMiserable weather in the days leading up to the Cup Final and consistent rain during the game, saw the condition of the ground being very greasy. Considering the poor weather, a large crowd turned out for the match and grew with enthusiasm as the game progressed. Prior to the match beginning, it was the opinion of many that Sydney University A would win the match against Randwick. University drew first blood with James Moulton scoring a skilful try during the first ten minutes of the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 92], "content_span": [93, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0018-0001", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 2, 20 August, Association Cricket Ground Cup Final\nThe wet and heavy ball made kicking goals difficult, however many in the crowd believed the Varsity were now certain for victory. Randwick held their own over the next ten minutes of the game and were rewarded with Allan Scott scoring a try to even the match. Once again, the heavy ball denied Randwick a goal. The game remained close with the scores level at half time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 92], "content_span": [93, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0019-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 2, 20 August, Association Cricket Ground Cup Final\nOn resumption of the game, university commenced a consistent attack on the Randwick line. Both Henry Abbott and Moulton took numerous shots at the goal from the field, however the sodden ground and wet ball made drop kicking difficult. Eventually play moved towards the other end of the field with Randwick finally on attack. A kick from William MacPherson saw the ball end up crossing the university line. Moulton attempted to fall onto the ball, but it slipped away with Tom McMahon diving onto it and scoring a try for Randwick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 92], "content_span": [93, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0019-0001", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 2, 20 August, Association Cricket Ground Cup Final\nWith the attempt at goal being unsuccessful, only five minutes was left of the match. After this second try, university went to great lengths to even the score. Abbott displayed superhuman effort, dashing off through the thick crowd of opponents carrying all before him until he sank beneath the grasp of several players. Randwick also got their blood up with the battle raging fiercer than ever. A grand game considering the slippery conditions ended with a victory for Randwick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 92], "content_span": [93, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0020-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 2, 20 August, Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield Qualifying Round\nThe draw for the second Qualifying Round saw Zealandia facing Wentworth and Wallaroo taking on Parramatta with both games being played alongside each other upon the Agricultural Society Ground. The first match was fairly well contested with eventual winners, Zealandia, having the best of things throughout. Wentworth played nothing like in their old form. Zealandia played at their best despite still not having their captain, Galloway, back on the field. With rain affecting both matches, the crowd was still a fair size. For their match, Parramatta were handicapped with the absence of some of their players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 116], "content_span": [117, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0020-0001", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 2, 20 August, Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield Qualifying Round\nTo field a team, they were forced to field five 'pick-ups' who played well. Wallaroo managed to score two tries in the first half of the match, unable to add goals to either due to the nature of the weather. Parramatta were able to score in the second half, but lost the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 116], "content_span": [117, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0021-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 3, 27 August, Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield Semi Finals\nDespite the weather clearing up for the morning, the miserable conditions continued during the Semi Finals for the Agricultural Society Shield. The first match saw Wallaroo drawn against Cup winners Randwick. Wallaroo won the toss and before ten minutes had passed, replacement player W Gregory had taken a mark with WS Corr kicking the goal from the field. The game became fast and open as a result of this with Frank Surman breaking through and scoring a try for Randwick. During the second half, Wallaroo had the better of their opponents, scoring a try to seal the win. The second Semi Final began soon after the conclusion of the first. Sydney University A had the best of the game, stretching out to a comfortable lead in the first half. Zealandia were able to mount an attack on the Varsity line, but were unable to avert a defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 111], "content_span": [112, 950]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0022-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 4, 3 September, Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield Final\nThe day of the Shield Final saw a beating rain fall for the entire afternoon, however a solid crowd turned out for the match to support their clubs. Considering the conditions, it was expected that the forwards would play a major part in the outcome of the match. Both Sydney University A and Wallaroo put their best team on the field and played the game with great determination. The condition of the ground, due to the weather, was so slippery that it made play difficult.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 107], "content_span": [108, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0022-0001", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 4, 3 September, Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield Final\nBoth the university halfbacks, Henry Abbott and James Moulton, valuable players when the surface is dry, were made ineffective in the conditions. Players were unable to do a great deal of dodging or fending. Wallaroo were all over the Varisty players stopping them from passing the ball effectively, making the game a stop-start affair with short sharp rushes, scrimmages and good dribbling. It was a good deal into the second half before Wallaroo were able to score a try. This spurred both teams to greater efforts with University eventually holding down Wallaroo on their own line. Despite all efforts, the Varsity was unable to break through with the game ending. Thus the close of the football season saw Wallaroo win their first premiership in 12 years and the Agricultural Society Ground Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 107], "content_span": [108, 910]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0023-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Junior Badges\nThe Junior teams had every reason to be proud of their performance during the season. The class of football played by the teams were at times equal to that of the senior grade. It was believed that many of the players should not be playing junior football, such was their skill. Junior matches were more often opener with passing and kicking more frequent. As the season progressed, the games played became more interesting and the competition became keener. For this season, Farmer & Co. donated 15 silver medals for the winners of the First Junior competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0024-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Junior Badges\nThe competition for the Junior Badges saw a strange ending to the season. After beating all comers during the year, The Pirates Football Club were unexpectedly beaten in the final by Carlton. The fact that Carlton was victorious in the final did not provide conclusive evidence that they were the better team during the competition. Losing their first match of the season against the Pirates, Carlton improved as the year progressed. The form team for much of the season was the Pirates, being far superior to any other team during a greater part of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0024-0001", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Junior Badges\nUnfortunately for them, the Junior Badges did not follow the same format for awarding the premiership as the senior grade. If it did, the Pirates would have been declared Premiers despite their finals loss. Double Bay finished the season with the third best record, however they displayed inconsistency with their performance. The Glebe were believed to be the champion junior of the year but failed to live up to those expectations. In the end Carlton finished the season with the record of winning two premierships in two years but in different grades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0025-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Second Junior Badges\nThe quality of play of many of the Second Junior teams was appreciated by the public. The form of the eventual champions, Sydney University 2nd was superior to that of a Second Junior team. Their play, especially the kicking, was even better than some of the senior teams with one or two of the players capable of playing for the University B or A team. For much of the season, both the Pirates 2nd and Double Bay 2nd teams led the running for the premiership. It was regarded that the final would be played between these two. Amongst the other teams, Ryde continued to show improvement as the year progressed with the team eventually losing to the Varsity in the Final. Randwick Borough showed good form only to be eliminated in the semi final. University 2nd were awarded medals once again donated by AJ Torning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 878]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0026-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Third Junior Badges\nFor 1892 those clubs entered into the Third Junior Badges would be competing for the Union Medals. The competition saw two teams finish the regular season without loss, Willoughby and Waverley A, with both teams having no points scored against them. Willoughby was defeated by eventual premiers Surry in the quarter finals, the only points scored against them all year. The Surrys had suffered only one defeat in their run towards the championship in the first round against Willoughby. Surry went on to defeat the heavier Grosvenor team in the final. Grosvenor had amassed the greatest number of points during the season and on their way to the final had disposed of Waverley in the semi final. The final was expected to be a close and exciting affair however Surry had the better of the match and won easily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 62], "content_span": [63, 873]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0027-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. First Match, 23 July\nThe first Intercolonial game of the season saw what was possibly the biggest crowd seen at the Association Cricket Ground for a football match. The members stand, grandstand and public enclosure were well populated with estimates for the size of the crowd being close to 10,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 106], "content_span": [107, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0028-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. First Match, 23 July\nA strong wind was blowing when the game commenced, New South Wales kicking off. Initial play saw the ball moving back and forwards between the two teams as they pressed hard into each other's territory. AD Graham kicked a few attempts at goal, missing both. James Moulton made some slippery linebreaks, the Queenslanders unable to get their hands on him. Eventually, Queenslander Jack O'Shea received a pass from Fred O'Rourke and broke away from the line. Percy Colquhoun chased him in vain with O'Shea scoring near the corner flag. The kick from Graham fell short.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 106], "content_span": [107, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0028-0001", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. First Match, 23 July\nAfter the restart, a failed run from Colquhoun and Frank Surman resulted in Queensland earning a shot at goal from New South Wales' 25. F O'Rourke missed his attempt. A few plays later, Billy Warbrick intercepted a pass and kicked and chased towards the New South Wales line. GC Matherson gathered the ball and got across the line to score for Queensland. Graham missed his attempt at kicking for a goal. Half time was soon called with Queensland leading 6 points to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 106], "content_span": [107, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0029-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. First Match, 23 July\nOn returning to the field, New South Wales were without Jim Cowan, who had been injured in the first half. From the kick off play continued to seesaw between the two teams' 25's. Philip Phillips attempted a shot at goal for New South Wales, lacking the direction to be successful. Play soon returned to the Queensland 25 with a kick from O'Shea, against the wind, sending the ball back into their own corner. Moulton, Surman and Vernon Reed were not successful in grounding the ball with the Queenslanders forcing in goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 106], "content_span": [107, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0029-0001", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. First Match, 23 July\nA run from Warbrick and Petterson took the ball back to the New South Wales line with some exciting play right near the line. At length, O'Shea crossed the line and scored for Queensland with F O'Rourke missing another kick for goal. As soon as play was restarted, Queensland were on the attack again with both O'Rourke brothers attempting shots at goal. Play swung towards the Queensland 25 with New South Wales making a number of attempts at kicking a goal. At length, O'Shea intercepted a pass and made the run of the match. The Queenslander ran down the sideline, escaping two tackles and scored. F O'Rourke attempted another shot at goal, failing to add more points to the Queensland total. The final whistle was blown soon after to end the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 106], "content_span": [107, 859]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0030-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. First Match, 23 July\nThe final result of the game was a surprise to both the crowd and New South Wales. Even the Queensland players themselves could not believe that they had held onto the win against the wind. Adopting the plan that the British Rugby team had when they played their matches in Sydney, Queensland played three quarters and three halves making the forward pack weaker but the backs stronger. Their forwards were strong in the scrimmage and their backs gave no chance for the New South Welshmen to get through. The Queenslanders played right up to the ball throughout the game, smothering the passing and running from their opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 106], "content_span": [107, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0031-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July\nThe return match between New South Wales and Queensland was held on the Association Cricket Ground on the 30 July. After the result of the first game and the resulting changes made by the local team, there was much interest in the match. With a slightly strengthened forward team and the inclusion of sprinter \"Tot\" Martineer in the squad, there was hope that the recent defeat would be reversed. The Queenslanders fielded an almost identical team from the previous game. Fine weather met the players as they entered the field to a loud reception. New South Wales won the toss and kicked off against the wind with Queensland defending the northern goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 107], "content_span": [108, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0032-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July\nFrom the kick off Fred O'Rourke brought the ball back to half way. Getting a hold of the ball, Martineer managed to make a run towards the Queensland 25. After a lot of scrimmaging, Edward Bowman made a break towards the Queensland line only to be stopped by captain William Warbrick. More scrimmaging within the Queensland 25 saw Ernest Roberts collect the ball and cross the try line. George Lusk took the kick and managed to score the two points. After the restart F O'Rourke took the ball into the New South Wales 25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 107], "content_span": [108, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0032-0001", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July\nSeveral scrimmages back at half way saw Paterson kick the ball back towards the New South Wales line. AD Graham followed up, collected the ball and pushed his way across the try line. Graham then failed to successfully take the kick. The score was now New South Wales 5, Queensland 3. Exciting play in the New South Wales 25 followed the kick off. Multiple rushes from the local team saw play move to the Queensland 25 where they were awarded a free kick. Lusk took the kick and cleanly sent the ball over the crossbar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 107], "content_span": [108, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0032-0002", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July\nNew South Wales were now up by 6 points. Play immediately moved into the New South Wales 25 from the kick off. F O'Rourke made a dodgy run, breaking through a tackle and over the try line. Graham took the kick, failing to get the extra points. The lead for New South Wales was now only 3 points. When New South Wales kicked off, offside was called as some of their players were ahead of the kicker. A scrimmage on the New South Wales line was the penalty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 107], "content_span": [108, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0032-0003", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July\nLusk managed to kick the ball out of danger before Queensland brought it back. A pass from F O'Rourke sent Jack O'Shea over the try line near the corner. The kick was taken by H Paul but was another failure with the ball falling short. With the scores now tied at 9 a piece, scrimmaging near the New South Wales 25 saw Danny Allman pass out to F O'Rourke who neatly potted a goal from the field. Further play that took the ball from either end took the game up to half time. At the whistle, Queensland were 4 points in front, 13 points to 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 107], "content_span": [108, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0033-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July\nThe beginning of the second half saw an exchange of kicks between New South Wales and Queensland. A line break by Charlie O'Rourke at the New South Wales 25 saw O'Shea miss a pass and more scrimmaging taking the ball back to the centre of the ground. Quick passing from Queensland lead to O'Shea making another dart for the New South Wales line. Just as he was in reach of scoring, James Moulton took him into touch. Play continued to move back and forth between the two ends with O'Shea making a failed attempt at a field goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 107], "content_span": [108, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0033-0001", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July\nMoulton soon had an opportunity himself for a drop goal, but the ball was blocked by the Queenslanders. From the throw in, a line break by New South Wales forward Fred Belbridge was stopped before he could cross over. Queensland kicked out to the half-way line where Roberts caught the ball and dashed back inside the Queensland 25 where he was brought down by George Hensler. New South Wales kept the pressure on the defenders until the ball was slowly pushed back to wards the half-way line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 107], "content_span": [108, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0033-0002", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July\nA kick took the ball into the New South Wales 25 where O'Shea looked like a certain scorer. Moulton and Martineer pulled him down before he could cross over. Queensland managed to force the ball further on and eventually onto the try line where J Todd leapt onto it and scored. The kick failed to add to the score. No sooner as the ball was kicked the play moved back into New South Wales territory. An intercept by Queensland led to a play that went from wing to wing. O'Shea crossed over and scored again, the kick again failing. The final whistle blew soon after with Queensland in front 19 points to 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 107], "content_span": [108, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029452-0034-0000", "contents": "1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July\nDespite the radical alterations made by New South Wales, the result still finished against them. The game proved to be essentially one for the forwards, with the New South Wales back line not having much of an effect on the match. Moulton was able to make more runs than in the first match and Lusk provided effective goal kicking. Martineer scarcely got a chance to display his impressive skills, only touching the ball once or twice during the match. Except in goal kicking, Queensland won at all points in the game. Every man was at his best and played an excellent game throughout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 107], "content_span": [108, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029453-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 NYU Violets football team\nThe 1892 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1892 college football season. The Violets compiled an 0\u20131 record for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029454-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Natal parliamentary election\nElections to the Legislative Council were held in the Colony of Natal in September 1892. The initial result was a victory for the anti-responsible government party, which won 14 of the 24 seats. However, this was later overturned as four anti-responsible government members lost their seats after their election was annulled, and the by-elections were won by pro-responsible government candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029454-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Natal parliamentary election, Background\nThe Legislative Council was dissolved on 22 August 1892 following the submission of a report for the Council on the  Bill for Establishing Responsible Government of Natal. The elections were contested entirely on whether to accept the bill or not. The basis of opposition to the bill was the claim that it gave full control over the black population to the Crown, and the counter-claim that it did not put the black population under the control of the British government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029454-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Natal parliamentary election, Aftermath\nThe new Legislative Council was opened on 7 October 1892. In response to the speech of Governor Charles Mitchell, the Council passed a response by 14 votes to nine stating that the election results showed that the colony did not wish for responsible government and that the Council would not consider it. The decision was accepted by Mitchell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029454-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Natal parliamentary election, Aftermath\nIn November, the election results of four members of the Anti group in Newcastle and Weenen were annulled for violations of the ballot act, with one Newcastle member, Green, declared to be an alien. In the Weenen by-election in December, two pro-responsible government members were elected. The Newcastle by-election was scheduled for January, but was delayed due to the accidental destruction of the ballot papers. In the eventual contest, two more pro-responsible government members were elected in the Newcastle by-election, giving the group a four-seat majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029454-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Natal parliamentary election, Aftermath\nOn 4 July Mitchell proclaimed a new constitution, granting the colony responsible government. As a result, fresh elections were held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029455-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1892 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1892 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Ben Crosby, the Midshipmen compiled a 5\u20132 record and outscored their opponents by a combined score of 121 to 62.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029456-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team\nThe 1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 1892 college football season. The team had no  head coach, though Omaha lawyer J. S. Williams led the team for one game, and played home games at Lincoln Park, in Lincoln, Nebraska. They competed as members of the Western Interstate University Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029456-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team\nThis was Nebraska's first season as a member of an athletic conference, joining Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri in the newly formed WIUFA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029456-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team\nNebraska played without a permanent head coach for the third straight season, upsetting many program supporters. The university's newspaper opined \"We are thoroughly disgusted with the cheap-John plan of amateur coaches\". By the beginning of the 1893 season, Nebraska hired its first paid football coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029456-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Illinois\nGeorge Flippin, Nebraska's first black player and only the fifth black athlete at a predominantly white college, recovered a late fumble and later scored the game's only points to give the Bugeaters a 6\u20130 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029456-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Illinois\nHistorical sources disagree on who coached Nebraska in this game. Some suggest J. S. Williams coached this game and quit after, while others show a different coach recorded only as \"Mr. Baldwin\" was expected to coach against Illinois but ultimately did not, and therefore Williams arrived sometime after this game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029456-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Illinois\nThis was the first game in which Nebraska appeared in scarlet and cream, which would later become the university's official colors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029456-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, at Denver Athletic Club\nAlthough Nebraska faced an out-of-state team for the first time in 1891, this was NU's first game played outside the state of Nebraska. The Bugeaters were badly outmatched by the professional-grade Denver Athletic Club, managing only a late touchdown to avoid a shutout loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 78], "content_span": [79, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029456-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nThis was set to be Nebraska's first-ever conference game, but the University of Missouri squad refused to play due to the presence of African American George Flippin on NU's roster. The game was ruled a forfeit and the score officially recorded as 1\u20130. Afterward, the WIUFA established a rule preventing member teams from refusing to play scheduled matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029456-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nOfficial University of Missouri records list the score of this game as a 6\u20130 forfeit Nebraska victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029456-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nDespite being only the second conference game for both teams, the WIUFA's brief conference slate made this the de facto conference championship game. The Bugeaters escaped early Jayhawks scoring opportunities, but were unable to do anything on offense as Kansas eventually wore Nebraska down to claim the first WIUFA football title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029456-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nThis was the first of what would become the longest continuous annual series between any two college football teams, as Kansas and Nebraska would met every year from 1891 through 2010. The annual series ended in 2011 when Nebraska joined the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029456-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Iowa\nHalfback George Flippin opened the game with a 40-yard run around the right end, which was followed by a Bugeater touchdown. Iowa responded with two touchdowns before halftime to pull ahead 10\u20134. Flippin scored to open the second half, and a successful extra kick tied the game at 10, when it was called on account of darkness, becoming the first tie in Nebraska history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029457-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 New Brunswick general election\nThe 1892 New Brunswick general election was held in October 1892, to elect 41 members to the 28th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The election was held before the adoption of party labels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029457-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 New Brunswick general election\nThere were a number of issues that led to dissatisfaction with the government among certain groups of voters in the province:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029457-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 New Brunswick general election\nHowever, the opposition was not able to organize an effective campaign to consolidate the support of factions opposed to the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029457-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 New Brunswick general election\nThe opposition had their best results in York County, where all the government candidates were defeated, and St. John County. A.G. Blair, the government leader, was defeated in York and was forced to run in a by-election held in Queen's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029457-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 New Brunswick general election\nOf forty-one MLAs, twenty-five supported the government, twelve formed the opposition, and the other four were neutral.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029457-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 New Brunswick general election\nThe province's Legislative Council had been abolished by legislation passed in 1891; that legislation now came into effect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029458-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 New Hampshire gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. Republican nominee John Butler Smith defeated Democratic nominee Luther F. McKinney with 50.17% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029459-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 New Jersey gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. Democratic nominee George Theodore Werts defeated Republican nominee John Kean with 49.65% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike\nThe New Orleans general strike was a general strike in the U.S. city of New Orleans, Louisiana, that began on November 8, 1892. Despite appeals to racial hatred, black and white workers remained united. The general strike ended on November 12, with unions gaining most of their original demands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The Triple alliance\nEarly in 1892, streetcar conductors in New Orleans won a shorter workday and the preferential closed shop. This victory drove many New Orleans workers to seek assistance from the American Federation of Labor (AFL). As many as 30 new labor unions had been organized in the city before the summer of 1892. By late summer, 49 unions belonged to the AFL. The unions established a central labor council known as the Workingmen's Amalgamated Council that represented more than 30,000 workers. Three racially integrated unions\u2014the Teamsters, the Scalesmen, and the Packers\u2014made up what came to be called the \"Triple Alliance.\" Many of the workers belonging to the unions of the Triple Alliance were African American.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The Triple alliance\nOn October 24, 1892, between 2,000 and 3,000 members of the Triple Alliance struck to win a 10-hour work day, overtime pay, and the preferential union shop. The Amalgamated Council wholeheartedly supported them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The Triple alliance\nThe New Orleans Board of Trade, representing financial and commercial interests, appointed a committee to make decisions for the employers. The four main railways that served the city and the large cotton, sugar and rice commodity exchanges pledged their support for the Board of Trade. They helped raise a defense fund and asked the state governor to send in the militia to help break the strike. No negotiations took place during the first week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The Triple alliance\nEmployers utilized race-based appeals to try to divide the workers and turn the public against the strikers. The board of trade announced it would sign contracts agreeing to the terms\u2014but only with the white-dominated Scalesmen and Packers unions. The Board of Trade refused to sign any contract with the black-dominated Teamsters. The Board of Trade and the city's newspapers also began a campaign designed to create public hysteria. The newspapers ran lurid accounts of \"mobs of brutal Negro strikers\" rampaging through the streets, of African American unionists \"beating up all who attempted to interfere with them,\" and repeated accounts of crowds of blacks assaulting lone white men and women.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The Triple alliance\nThe striking workers refused to break ranks along racial lines. Large majorities of the Scalesmen and Packers unions passed resolutions affirming their commitment to stay out until the employers had signed a contract with the Teamsters on the same terms offered to other unions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The general strike\nMembers of other unions began to call for a general strike to support the Triple Alliance. A number of meetings were held, during which sentiment proved so strong that a majority of the unions belonging to the Amalgamated Council voted in favor of a resolution calling for a general strike. A Committee of Five was formed to lead the general strike. Its members included the Cotton Screwmen's Union, the Cotton Yardmen's Union, the Printers, the Boiler Makers, and the Car Driver's Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The general strike\nUnion pressure increased and a call for a general strike arose. Under the threat, some employers not party to the original dispute broke and pressed the board for negotiations. A tentative agreement collapsed and the Workingman's Council again called for a general strike, which began on November 8 after two postponements. Each of the 46 unions which joined the strike demanded the union shop and recognition of their union. Some also asked for shorter work-days or higher pay. Around 30,000 union members\u2014half the city's workforce and virtually all its unionized workers\u2014struck. Streetcars stopped running.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0007-0001", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The general strike\nRecently organized utility workers, against the demands of the governor and the advice of the labor committee, joined the strike. The city's supply of natural gas failed on November 8, as did the electrical grid, and the city was plunged into darkness. The delivery of food and beverages immediately ceased, generating alarm among city residents. Construction, printing, street cleaning, manufacturing and even fire-fighting services ground to a halt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The general strike\nOn November 9, the press intensified their appeals to racial hatred. The New Orleans Times-Democrat declared that African American strikers wanted to \"take over the city\" (a veiled reference to black sexual assaults on white women) and that white women and children were already being harassed by black strikers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The general strike\nBut the press' appeal to racial hatred failed. Violent incidents never occurred, and picket lines were so quiet that the Board of Trade sent men into the streets to try to find evidence of any physical intimidation whatsoever. The employers, with assistance from the railroads, brought strikebreakers in from Galveston and Memphis. But when a call by the mayor for special deputies turned up only 59 volunteers, the employers began training their own clerks and managers for riot duty, offering to pay any costs for a state militia call-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0009-0001", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The general strike\nThe mayor issued a proclamation forbidding public gatherings, essentially declaring martial law. Although the city was quiet, the Board of Trade convinced the racist Democratic Governor, Murphy J. Foster, to send in the state militia on November 10. But instead of a city under siege, militia leaders found the city calm and orderly. Governor Foster was forced to withdraw the militia on November 11. The strength of  the strike was reflected in the decline of bank clearings in New Orleans to half their pre-strike levels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The settlement\nThe Board of Trade agreed to binding arbitration to settle the strike. Although they balked at first, the employers agreed to sit down with both white and black union leaders. After 48 hours of negotiations, the employers agreed to the 10-hour day and overtime pay, but not the union shop, nor would they grant recognition to the unions of the Triple Alliance. Other unions also won reduced hours and higher pay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, Aftermath\nThe Board of Trade was deeply angered by its humiliation during the general strike. On November 13, 1892, the Board of Trade induced a federal prosecutor to file suit in federal court against 44 of the unions belonging to the Amalgamated Council. The federal government accused the unions of violating the Sherman Antitrust Act by engaging in a conspiracy to restrain trade and 45 strike leaders were indicted in federal court for violating the act. A district court granted a temporary injunction against the unions. The AFL appealed the case. The injunction was stayed, and the suit delayed for several years. The federal government quietly withdrew its suit several years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, Aftermath\nThe 1892 general strike helped strengthen the labor movement in New Orleans. Most existing unions gained substantial numbers of members. Three new unions formed during the general strike and affiliated with the Amalgamated Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, Varying assessments\nAt the time, the 1892 general strike was considered a success, demonstrating that black and white workers could maintain solidarity in the Deep South. The strikers had avoided violence, won most of their demands, avoided military repression, and succeeded in overcoming racial hatred. Samuel Gompers declared:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, Varying assessments\nTo me the movement in New Orleans was a very bright ray of hope for the future of organized labor and convinces me that the advantage which every other element fails to succeed in falls to the mission of organized labor. Never in the history of the world was such an exhibition... With one fell swoop the economic barrier of color was broken down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0015-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, Varying assessments\nHowever, subsequent analyses declared the strike a failure, and that unions had \"sold out\" workers because the unions failed to win the union shop. Just a month later, The New York Times editorialized: \"Labor's Defeat In New-Orleans; The Victory of the Employers Complete.\" Many histories written in the next 40 years suggested that the strike's \"massive\" failure led the AFL to reject general strikes absolutely thereafter and remain intensely hostile even to limited strikes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029460-0016-0000", "contents": "1892 New Orleans general strike, Varying assessments\nMore recently, however, historians have reassessed the strike's success. Declared one historian, \"The failure of the strikers to win a preferential union shop did not detract from the significance of the struggle.\" The success of the workers in overcoming racial divisions in one of the major cities of the Deep South is notable (and would rarely be achieved again until the 1960s), as is the unification of skilled and unskilled worker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029461-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 New Year Honours\nThe New Year Honours 1892 were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours of the United Kingdom and British India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029461-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 New Year Honours\nThey were announced in The Times on 1 January 1892, and the various honours were gazetted in The London Gazette on 1 January 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029461-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed or referred to as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by honour and where appropriate by rank (Knight Grand Cross, Knight Commander etc.) then division (Military, Civil).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029462-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 New York Giants season\nThe 1892 New York Giants season was the 10th season of the New York Giants professional baseball franchise as members of the National League. In a split season schedule, the Giants finished 10th in the first half of the season and sixth in the second half. Overall, the team had a record of 71\u201380, eighth-best in the 12-team National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029462-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029462-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029462-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029462-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029463-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 New York state election\nThe 1892 New York state election was held on November 8, 1892, to elect the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly. Besides, three amendments to the State Constitution were proposed: to transfer the settlement of contested elections to the courts, to authorize the sale of the state-owned salt works at Salina, New York, and to increase the number of New York Supreme Court justices by ten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029463-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 New York state election, History\nIn 1892, there was only one officer to be elected statewide: the Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William C. Ruger in January 1892. Robert Earl had been appointed temporarily to fill the vacancy until the end of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029463-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 New York state election, History\nThe Republican State Committee met on October 11 at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York City. William Brookfield presided. The committee nominated Charles Andrews, the senior associate judge of the Court of Appeals (in office since 1870, Chief Judge by appointment 1881-82) for Chief Judge on the first ballot (vote: Andrews 26, Albert Haight 3).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029463-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic State Committee met on October 12 at the Hoffman House in New York City. Edward Murphy, Jr. presided. The Democrats endorsed the Republican nominee Charles Andrews unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029464-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1892 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team represented the North Carolina A&M Aggies of North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts during the 1892 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029465-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1892 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina in the 1892 college football season. They played six games with a final record of 5\u20131. The team captain for the 1892 season was Michael Hoke. The team claims a southern title even though it was defeated by Virginia, for it beat the Cavaliers in a rematch. Those games with UVA mark the beginning of the South's Oldest Rivalry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029466-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 North Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. Democratic nominee Elias Carr defeated Republican nominee David M. Furches with 48.3% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029467-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 North Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. People's Party nominee Eli C. D. Shortridge defeated incumbent Republican Andrew H. Burke with 52.43% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029468-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 North Wexford by-election\nThe North Wexford by-election, 1892 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North Wexford on 11 March 1892. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, John Redmond of the Irish Parliamentary Party, in order to contest the seat of Cork City, following the death of its MP, Charles Stewart Parnell; Redmond, as a supporter of Parnell following a party split, was chosen to run as representative of the Parnellite faction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029468-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 North Wexford by-election\nOnly one candidate was nominated, Thomas Joseph Healy of the Irish Parliamentary Party, an anti-Parnellite, and he was therefore elected unopposed. Redmond failed to be elected in Cork City, but shortly afterwards won a by-election in the constituency of Waterford City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029469-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Northwestern Purple football team\nThe 1892 Northwestern Purple team represented Northwestern University during the 1892 college football season. The Wildcats compiled a 6\u20134\u20132 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 140 to 112. The team played 12 games, five of which were designated as \"practice\" games and seven of which were designated as official match games. The 1892 season included Northwestern's first games against teams representing Illinois, Michigan, and Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029469-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Northwestern Purple football team, Players\nThe starters for the 1892 Northwestern football team were: Pierce (center); McClusky (right guard); C. D. Wilson (left guard); A. H. Culver (right tackle); J. Q. Vandouser (left tackle); J. F. Oates (right end); John Oberne (left end); M. P. Noyes (right halfback); R. E Kennicott (left halfback); F. W. Griffith (quarterback); and R. L. Sheppard (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029469-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Northwestern Purple football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nOn Saturday, October 29, 1892, Northwestern played its first game against Michigan and defeated the Wolverines, 10\u20138. Early in the game, Michigan's left tackle Frank Decke recovered a fumble and returned it for a touchdown. George Jewett's kick for goal failed, and Michigan led, 4\u20130. Northwestern then tied the game when it scored a touchdown but missed the kick for goal. Later in the first half, Northwestern scored another touchdown and kicked its goal for a 10-4 lead at halftime. Michigan scored a touchdown in the second half with George Jewett leading the attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029469-0002-0001", "contents": "1892 Northwestern Purple football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nMichigan's touchdown came on a fluke play when a Northwestern punt from deep in its own territory struck a Michigan rusher and bounced into the end zone. Woodworth fell on the ball for the touchdown. Jewett missed his second kick for goal, a kick that would have tied the game. Despite the missed kicks, the newspapers praised Jewett's play. The Chicago Daily Tribune noted: \"In the second half, Jewett the big colored halfback of Ann Arbor, made a number of brilliant rushes.\" The game was played in 20-minute halves with 1,000 spectators in attendance. Craig of Cornell was the referee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029469-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Northwestern Purple football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nAfter the game, a large celebration took place on the Northwestern campus in a square on Davis Street. Students blew tin horns, and a large pile of barrels and boxes were set afire. Members of the football team were carried around the fire before the crowd marched to Woman's Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029470-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Notre Dame football team\nThe 1892 Notre Dame football team was an American football team that represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1892 college football season. Milestones for the season included the first 50-point game in ND history, and the first tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029471-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team\nThe 1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team represented Oberlin College during the 1892 college football season. In its first season under head coach John Heisman, the team compiled a perfect 7\u20130 record, shut out five opponents, and outscored all opponents, 262 to 20. The season included a disputed victory over Michigan and a pair of victories over Ohio State. The 1892 and 1893 teams combined for a 13-game winning streak that was broken on November 18, 1893, in a loss to the Case School of Applied Science.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029471-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Ohio State\nThe season opened with a 40\u20130 win over Ohio State. Samuel P. Bush was an assistant coach for the Buckeyes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029471-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Ohio State\nOberlin played Ohio State again and won 50\u20130. In the second half, the ball was in Oberlin territory most of the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029471-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nOn November 19, Oberlin played a close game against Michigan. The outcome of the game was, and remains, disputed. Michigan records the game as a 26\u201324 victory, while Oberlin does not count the final Michigan touchdown and records the game as a 24\u201322 victory for Oberlin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029471-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nGeorge Jewett scored Michigan's first touchdown on 45-yard run around the right end. He also kicked goal, and Michigan led, 6\u20130. Williams then scored for Oberlin, and Hart kicked goal to tie the score. Savage scored Oberlin's second touchdown, and Hart again kicked goal to put Oberlin ahead, 12\u20136. Michigan scored three additional touchdowns in the first half, two by Jewett and one by W. W. Griffin. Jewett converted two out of the three kicks for goal from touchdown. Oberlin also scored another touchdown and kicked goal. At halftime, Michigan led, 22\u201318.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029471-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nThe second half consisted of only three short drives before the game ended in controversy. Michigan began the half with possession and fumbled. On Oberlin's first possession of the second half, Savage took the ball at Oberlin's two-yard line and ran 103 yards to Michigan's five-yard line where Jewett caught up and tackled him. Two plays later, Hart scored a touchdown and Oberlin kicked goal to take a 24\u201322 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029471-0005-0001", "contents": "1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nOn the next possession after Hart's touchdown, Michigan ran two plays when the referee Ensworth, a substitute player for Oberlin, called time and the entire Oberlin team \"ran off the field so quickly it almost seemed prearranged.\" A Harvard man in the audience approached Oberlin's manager Hogen to say that \"Oberlin would be everlastingly disgraced among reputable Rugby teams if she persisted,\" but the Oberlin team refused to play out the game, boarded its bus, and left for its hotel. Michigan refused to accept the ruling and, with the support of the umpire (Horace Greely Prettyman of Michigan), handed the ball to Jewett who walked for Michigan's claimed fifth touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029471-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nThe U. of M. Daily opined that Oberlin had played a strong game but had \"neutralized the good impression\" by \"leaving the field several minutes before time was up.\" In another account, the Daily detailed the clock controversy as follows: \"Referee Ensworth, an Oberlin substitute, lost all tab of time, and called the game at fourteen minutes to five, while the captain of each team had agreed to play until ten minutes before the hour. Time-keeper Spangler also verifies this. Captain Williams immediately got his team into the bus and were driven to their hotel. All expostulations with the Oberlin captain and manager were of no avail. Umpire Prettyman had the time and says that Mr. Ensworth did not take out a four minutes wait during the latter part of the half when one of the players was recovering from an injury.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 882]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029471-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nAdding to the intrigue, the Chicago Tribune reported that Michigan's left tackle \"Doc\" Pearson had earlier been ejected from the game and in turn slugged the referee\u2014the Oberlin man who later called the game over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029471-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nThe Detroit newspapers reported that Michigan had won the game, while Oberlin newspapers reported that Oberlin had won. More than a century later, the controversy continued as the Oberlin Alumni Magazine published an article about \"The Day Oberlin Beat Michigan\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029471-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Postseason\nWrote The Oberlin Review in 1892: \"Mr. Heisman has entirely remade our football. He has taught us scientific football.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029471-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Personnel\nOberlin's team trainer, \"nurse to the wounded,\" was pre-med student Clarence Hemingway, who would go on to practice medicine in Oak Park, Illinois, and pass on his love of hunting in Michigan to his son, future novelist Ernest Hemingway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029472-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1892 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1892 college football season. They played all their home games at Recreation Park and were coached by Jack Ryder. The Buckeyes finished the season with a 5\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029473-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Open Championship\nThe 1892 Open Championship was the 32nd Open Championship, held 22\u201323 September at Muirfield in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland. Harold Hilton, an amateur, won the Championship by three strokes from another amateur John Ball and two professionals: Sandy Herd and Hugh Kirkaldy. This was the second win by an amateur following Ball's victory in 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029473-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Open Championship\nThe Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers had previously hosted the Open six times on the public nine-hole Musselburgh Links before building the private 18-hole course at Muirfield. The Muirfield course had only been completed nine months before the Championship. The 1892 Open was the first to be contested over 72 holes and the first to take place on two days. 36 holes were played each day. As in previous years the order of play was determined by a draw but it was decided that a different draw would be used on the two days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029473-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Open Championship\nAfter the announcement that the Open would move from Musselburgh to Muirfield, a number of local golfers protested about the change of venue. When the Honourable Company refused to change the venue back to Musselburgh, these members determined to run their own \"open\" competition on the same days as the official event. By offering much higher prize money, they hoped to induce the leading professionals to play in their \"open\". This, however, resulted in a large increase in the prize money for the official event from \u00a330 in 1891 to over \u00a3100. Realising that the leading players would play in the official Open, the Musselburgh Open Tournament was moved to an earlier date (14 and 15 September) so that the professionals could compete in both events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029473-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Open Championship, Details\nHerd was one of the early starters on the first day and his 77 gave him an early lead. He was later passed by John Ball, who scored 75, and by Horace Hutchinson with a 74. Hutchinson had a 78 in the afternoon to lead on 152, three ahead of Ball, Herd and Willie Park Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029473-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Open Championship, Details\nBall was one of the early starters on the second day and, finishing with seven successive fours, had a 74 and a total of 229. Herd had a 77 to lie three behind Ball. Hutchinson started badly with a six at the 1st and eventually finished with an 86 and a total of 238, nine behind Ball. The highlight of the morning was Hilton's round of 72. He started with a two and followed with six fours and an outward nine of 35. Coming home in 37 his total of 231 put him in second place, only two behind Ball. Kirkaldy lay fourth on 233.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029473-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Open Championship, Details\nBall had a 79 in the final round to finish on 308. Kirkaldy came to last hole needing a five to beat Ball but topped his third shot into a bunker and took six to tie with Ball on 308. Soon afterwards, Herd came to the last also needing a five to finish ahead of Ball. However, he also took six after three-putting and Ball, Kirkaldy and Herd were all tied in the lead. Hilton was the last of the leading players to start.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029473-0005-0001", "contents": "1892 Open Championship, Details\nHe took six at the 2nd hole but then pitched in at the 3rd and holed from 15 yards at the 6th. Playing perfectly, he reached the 16th tee needing to score 18 from the last three holes to win. He took five at the 16th but followed with a three to simply need an eight at the last to win. Taking six he won the three strokes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029473-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Open Championship, Details\nIn tying for 5th place James Kay, long-term professional at Seaton Carew Golf Club, reached his highest position in the 22 Open Championships in which he played. He also tied for 6th in 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029473-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Open Championship, Details\nThere was some controversy after the finish when, the winner being an amateur, the first prize of \u00a335 \"was withdrawn according to the rules\" and not distributed to the professionals, \"a proceeding, however, which did not altogether please the professionals, who hardly seemed to understand the arrangement\". Herd and Kirkaldy shared the second and third prizes of \u00a318 and \u00a312, receiving \u00a315 each. An unnamed member donated \u00a35 to be given to the player with the lowest round, to be given in cash to professionals or to buy a memento if an amateur. A miniature gold medal was presented to the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029473-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Open Championship, Final leaderboard\nAs an amateur Hilton did not receive the first prize of \u00a335. He did, however, receive a gold medal and \u00a35 in plate for recording the lowest score for a single round. The Royal Liverpool Club, of which he was a member, received possession of the Championship Cup for the year. The prize money for the professionals was reduced accordingly to \u00a375.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029473-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Open Championship, Musselburgh Open\nThe Musselburgh Open took place a week before the official event on 14 and 15 September. Because of the late change in date entries were allowed until the opening day. 58 players competed including six amateurs. Most of the leading professionals played. The tournament format was similar to that of the official Open except that, Musselburgh being only a nine-hole course, there were eight rounds of nine holes rather than four rounds of 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 40], "content_span": [41, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029473-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Open Championship, Musselburgh Open\nThe first prize was \u00a330 and a championship gold medal. There were 11 other prizes from \u00a316 down to \u00a32 and total prize money of \u00a395. If the winner was an amateur he would receive \u00a330 in plate but otherwise amateurs would not receive prize money.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 40], "content_span": [41, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029473-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Open Championship, Musselburgh Open\nDouglas McEwan was leader after the first round with 36. After two rounds Willie Fernie and Sandy Herd led on 75. Jack Kirkaldy took over the lead after a third round of 35 to lead on 112, a lead he maintained at the end of the day after a 36 put him on 148. Herd was second on 153.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 40], "content_span": [41, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029473-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 Open Championship, Musselburgh Open\nIn the fifth round Kirkaldy took eight at the 2nd and 3rd holes and finished with 44. Herd took over the lead on 190. Herd himself had a bad sixth round and David Brown led on 231. Willie Park Jr. scored 37 in the seventh round and led on 269 and finishing with a last round 36 his total was 305, five ahead of the rest. After some good golf Tom Vardon came second. Park had trailed by ten at the end of the first day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 40], "content_span": [41, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029474-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Orange Athletic Club football team\nThe 1892 Orange Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Orange Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1892 college football season. The AFU in 1892 consisted of three amateur football teams \u2013 the Orange Athletic Club, the New York Athletic Club from Manhattan, and the Crescent Athletic Club from Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029474-0000-0001", "contents": "1892 Orange Athletic Club football team\nThe Orange team played its home games at the Orange Oval in East Orange, New Jersey, compiled a 4\u20134\u20134 record (1\u20131 against AFU opponents), and played against some of the best teams in the country, losing to Yale 58 to 0 and Princeton 23 to 0. On December 17th, the OAC faced the Varuna Boat Club of Bay Ridge in one of the most well-known sport venues in the United States, Madison Square Garden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029475-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Pembrokeshire County Council election\nThe second election to Pembrokeshire County Council was held on 8 March 1892. It was preceded by the 1889 election and followed by the 1895 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029475-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Pembrokeshire County Council election, Overview of the result\nAt the inaugural election in 1889 most seats were contested, but three years later many of the sitting members were returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029475-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Pembrokeshire County Council election, Unopposed returns\nIn the vast majority of wards, candidates were returned unopposed. There were fewer contested elections than three years previously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 61], "content_span": [62, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029475-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Pembrokeshire County Council election, Boundary changes\nMulti-member wards in Pembroke and Pembroke Dock were replaced by single member wards. Tenby continued as a two member ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029475-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Pembrokeshire County Council election, Results, Castlemartin\nEarl Cawdor, who was elected at the inaugural election, was replaced by another Conservative representative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029475-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Pembrokeshire County Council election, Results, Eglwyswrw\nThe returning member gave his casting vote in favour of the sitting member, Thomas Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 62], "content_span": [63, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029475-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Pembrokeshire County Council election, Election of aldermen\nMr G. P. Brewer (L.), N arberth, 46 votes; Mr Joseph Thomas (L.), Haverfordwest, 38; Mr Benjamin Rees (L.), Granant, 38; Mr H. Seymour Allen (L.), Crescelly, 28; Rev William Evans (L.), Pembroke Dock, 23 Mr R. Thomas (L.). Trebover, 28; Mr William Watts Williams (L.), St. David's, 28; Mr William Mason (L.), Pem- broke Dock, 26.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029476-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1892 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1892 college football season. The Quakers finished with a 15\u20131 record in their first year under head coach and College Football Hall of Fame inductee, George Washington Woodruff. Significant games included victories over Penn State (20\u20130), Navy (16\u20130), Lafayette (8\u20136 and 10\u20134), and Princeton (6\u20134), and its sole loss to undefeated national champion Yale (28\u20130). The 1892 Penn team outscored its opponents by a combined total of 405 to 52. Penn halfback Harry Thayer was selected by both Walter Camp and Caspar Whitney as a first-team player on the 1892 College Football All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029477-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Penn State football team\nThe 1892 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College\u2014now known as Pennsylvania State University\u2013as an independent during the 1892 college football season. The team was coached by George Hoskins and played its home games on the Old Main lawn in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029478-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Perth colonial by-election\nThe 1892 Perth colonial by-election was a by-election held on 12 January 1892 for the Western Australian Legislative Assembly seat of Perth, which covered the city of Perth and its immediate environs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029478-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Perth colonial by-election\nThe by-election was triggered by the resignation of the sitting member, Dr Edward Scott. Scott had been elected at the inaugural elections of the Assembly on 10 December 1890, and served both as the member and the Mayor of Perth. He travelled to England following the completion of his mayoral term, and by mid-November 1891, it had become clear he intended to resign his parliamentary seat, and he sent a telegram to the Speaker and a letter to his lawyer, Mr E. Sholl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029478-0001-0001", "contents": "1892 Perth colonial by-election\nHowever, under the Constitution Act 1889, his seat could not be declared vacant as the Act stipulated he had to resign \"under his own hand\" to the Speaker. This arrived by mail from England on 18 December 1891, and on 22 December, the seat was declared vacant and writs issued for a by-election to elect a new member.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029478-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Perth colonial by-election, Candidates\nEdward Vivien Harvey Keane, the mayor of Perth, had recently resigned his seat at Geraldton due to business interests, and was a contractor for the Midland Railway. He was supported by some Ministerial members of Parliament and by Timothy Quinlan, the member for West Perth who had recently joined the Opposition grouping.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029478-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Perth colonial by-election, Candidates\nThomas Molloy, the senior councillor of the Perth City Council, also nominated. Molloy was supported by the Trades and Labor Council, as well as several Opposition members of Parliament including Alfred Canning and William Loton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029478-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Perth colonial by-election, Results\nWithin 50 minutes of the close of voting, it was clear that Molloy had won. 16 informal ballots were recorded, of which 7 were proxy votes which did not contain a date, whilst 9 had incorrectly voted at the booth. Molloy later addressed a large gathering in front of the People newspaper office in Murray Street, and the following evening, took up his seat in the Legislative Assembly next to Lancel de Hamel, the unofficial Opposition leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029479-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Philadelphia Phillies season\nThe 1892 Philadelphia Phillies season was a season in American baseball. The team competed in the National League, which played a split season this year. The Phillies finished in third place in the first half of the season, and in fifth place in the second half. Their overall record was 87\u201366, fourth-best in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029479-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Philadelphia Phillies season, Offseason, Spring training\nThe Phillies held spring training in Gainesville, Florida, the team's first spring in Florida. Twelve members of the team rode the train 40-hours from Philadelphia's Broad Street Station to Gainesville. They played an exhibition against the Brooklyn Bridegrooms. The team lost $469.69 on the trip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029479-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029479-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029479-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029479-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029480-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Pittsburgh Athletic Club football season\nThe 1892 Pittsburgh Athletic Club football season  was their second season in existence. The team finished with a record of 3\u20133\u20131. This season also marked the first recorded accounts of professional players being used in American football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029481-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1892 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 11th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; their sixth in the National League. In a split season schedule, the Pirates finished sixth in the first half of the season and fourth in the second half. Overall, the team had a record of 80\u201373, sixth-best in the 12-team National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029481-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029481-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029481-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029481-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029481-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029482-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 23 October 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029482-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Portuguese legislative election, Results\nThe results exclude the six seats won at national level and those from overseas territories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029483-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1892 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1892 college football season. The team finished with a 12\u20132 record. The Tigers recorded 12 shutouts and outscored opponents by a combined total of 473 to 18. The team's sole losses were against Penn and Yale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029483-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Princeton Tigers football team\nTwo Princeton players, quarterback Philip King and guard Art Wheeler, were consensus first-team honorees on the 1892 College Football All-America Team. Both were also inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029484-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nThe 1892 Purdue Boilermakers football team represented Purdue University in the 1892 college football season. In their second year under head coach Knowlton Ames, the Boilermakers compiled an undefeated 8\u20130 record (5\u20130 Big Ten) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 320 to 24, including victories over Illinois (12-6), Wisconsin (32-4), Michigan (24-0), Indiana (68-0), and Chicago (38-0). J. C. Teeters was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029485-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Quebec general election\nIn the 1892 Quebec general election on March 8, 1892, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Quebec Conservative Party, led by Charles-Eug\u00e8ne Boucher de Boucherville, defeated the Quebec Liberal Party, led by F\u00e9lix-Gabriel Marchand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029485-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Quebec general election\nMercier had been accused of corruption and removed from office as Premier by Quebec Lieutenant-governor Auguste-R\u00e9al Angers on December 16, 1891. The scandal probably influenced the outcome of the election. Mercier gave up the post of Liberal leader (and leader of the Opposition) to F\u00e9lix-Gabriel Marchand, and was later acquitted of all charges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029485-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Quebec general election\nBoucher de Boucherville resigned a year later, and was replaced by Louis-Olivier Taillon as Conservative leader and premier. Taillon in turn resigned in 1896, and was replaced by Edmund James Flynn. Flynn lost the 1897 election, and the Conservatives never held power in Quebec again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029486-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Rangitikei by-election\nThe 1892 Rangitikei by-election was a by-election held during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the Rangitikei electorate of the North Island. This was the fifth by-election since the Rangitikei electorate was established for the 1861 election. The previous by-election took place in 1880 and the following one took place in 1909. Robert Bruce, who had previously been the MP for Rangitikei between 1884 and 1890, won the by-election narrowly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029486-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Rangitikei by-election\nThis was the last election in Rangitikei and the fifth last election overall in New Zealand in which there was no universal suffrage. The Electoral Act 1893 extended voting rights to all women aged 21 and over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029486-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Rangitikei by-election, Background\nRobert Bruce, an independent, had previously been the MP for Rangitikei between 1884 and 1890. In 1890 he contested the election for the Waitotara electorate in South Taranaki, but was beaten by incumbent George Hutchison. The Rangitikei electorate, meanwhile, was won by Douglas Hastings Macarthur, but Macarthur died on 24 May 1892. Macarthur's death resulted in a by-election which took place on 8 July 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029486-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Rangitikei by-election, Background\nThe two candidates for this by-election were Robert Bruce, a previous MP and conservationist, and John Stevens, also a previous MP for Rangitikei between 1881 and 1884. Bruce was a candidate for the opposition and Stevens was an Independent Liberal as the Liberal Party was reluctant to endorse him in light of the recent Bruce by-election in which the candidate the Liberal Party endorsed lost by a large margin. Furthermore, the result was regarded as \"a foregone conclusion in favour of Mr Bruce\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029486-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Rangitikei by-election, Results\nThe by-election was much closer than what was expected as Bruce won by 61 votes, a margin of less than 3%. After the election results were announced at the Club Hotel in Marton both candidates gave speeches and enjoyed a whisky together.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029486-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Rangitikei by-election, Results\nBruce would never go on to win another election, as he temporarily retired in 1893 and lost to Stevens in the Manawatu electorate in both 1896 and 1899.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029487-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Recreo earthquake\nThe 1892 Recreo earthquake took place in the Catamarca Province of Argentina on 21 March at about 01:45 AM, with magnitude of 6.0 on the Richter magnitude scale. Its epicenter was located  approximately at , and at a depth of about 30 kilometres (19\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029487-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Recreo earthquake\nThe earthquake had a maximum felt intensity of VII on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused some fatalities and serious structural damage in the town of Recreo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029488-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Republican National Convention\nThe 1892 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States was held at the Industrial Exposition Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota, from June 7 to June 10, 1892. The party nominated President Benjamin Harrison for re-election on the first ballot and Whitelaw Reid of New York for vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029488-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Republican National Convention\nJames S. Clarkson of Iowa was the outgoing chairman of the Republican National Committee. J. Sloat Fassett of New York was Temporary Chairman, and Governor William McKinley Jr. of Ohio was the Permanent Chair of the convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029488-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Republican National Convention\nHarrison's Secretary of State James G. Blaine, who had resigned from the cabinet on June 4, 1892, the eve of the convention, had his name submitted for consideration by the delegates, but drew little support. Future president William McKinley tied Blaine for second place among the delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029488-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Republican National Convention\nAlthough successful in his bid for renomination, President Harrison's performance was underwhelming for an incumbent, in part to the crushing defeat that the party had suffered in the 1890 mid-term elections. He and Reid would lose the fall 1892 election to former President Grover Cleveland and Adlai Stevenson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029488-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Republican National Convention\nThe 1892 RNC was also the first convention where women were allowed to be delegates. Therese Alberta (Parkinson) Jenkins, delegate from Wyoming, cast the first vote by a woman for president; Wyoming had granted full suffrage for women at statehood in 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029488-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Republican National Convention, Results, Presidential ballot\nSource: . . (January 8, 2010). Source: . . (September 7, 2009).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029488-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Republican National Convention, Vice Presidential ballot\nVice President Levi Morton was dumped from the ticket, as Harrison was not particularly fond of Morton, who was closer to Blaine supporters. Morton was replaced by Ambassador Whitelaw Reid of Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029488-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Republican National Convention, Vice Presidential ballot\nThis was also the first, and so far only, time in U.S. political history where the presidential and vice presidential nominees were both graduates from the same university: Harrison and Reid were graduates of Miami University located in Oxford, Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029488-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Republican National Convention, Republican Party Platform\nThe Republican platform supported high tariffs, bimetallism, stiffer immigration laws, free rural mail delivery, and a canal across Central America. It also expressed sympathy for the Irish Home Rule Movement and the plight of Jews under persecution in czarist Russia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029489-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 6, 1892. Republican nominee Daniel Russell Brown defeated Democratic nominee William T. C. Wardwell with 50.22% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029490-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Richmond Colts football team\nThe 1892 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College\u2014now known as the University of Richmond\u2014as an independent during the 1892 college football season. Led by Penwick Shelton in his first and only year as head coach, Richmond compiled a record of 2\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Kingdom of Romania in February\u2013March 1892, ending in a major victory for the incumbent Conservative Party cabinet. The elections reunited the mainstream Conservatives, under Prime Minister Lasc\u0103r Catargiu, with the breakaway Junimea faction. The cabinet which organized and won the election, then governed to 1895, reunited three doyens of Romanian conservatism: Catargiu, Petre P. Carp, and Take Ionescu. All three represented the political line most favored by Carol I, King of Romania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election\nThe elections for both Assembly and Senate were unusually free in their historical context, but still noted for their various irregularities. The Opposition, led by the National Liberal Party (PNL), was poorly prepared for the race, having failed to reunite around a common platform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election\nThe years 1891\u20131893 witnessed the defeat and passing of a liberal founders' generation, under brothers Ion and Dimitrie Br\u0103tianu, and the ascendancy of a new party elite, under Dimitrie Sturdza. This interval was used by Carp for the advancement of various fiscal and administrative reforms, some of which were violently resisted by the middle- and lower-class population. The period also rekindled debates about the census suffrage, contributing to the emergence of a small Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election, Context\nDuring most of 1891, Romania had a \"Liberal Conservative Party\" cabinet headed by Ion Emanuel Florescu, but maneuvered by Catargiu, the Interior Minister; it was supported in the Assembly by George D. Vernescu and his \"Sincere Liberal\" group, which had torn itself off from the PNL. According to cultural historian Z. Ornea, Vernescu had \"poisoned his relations with the [national] liberals to such a degree that, unable to return into the fold, he made it his mission to take up a comfortable and authoritative seat on the leadership of the conservative party.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0003-0001", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election, Context\nThe Junimea society had by then drifted away from Catargiu's party, declaring their incompatibility with Vernescu, as well as with Catargiu's left-wing partner, George Panu. From June 1889, the Junimists under Titu Maiorescu where an autonomous \"Constitutional Party\", formed around the newspapers Epoca and Rom\u00e2nia Liber\u0103. The Catargiu\u2013Florescu alliance had replaced another Conservative cabinet, headed by General Gheorghe Manu, and conditionally supported by Junimea. The latter's fall had marked the definitive divorce between the Conservatives and Junimea: as Minister of Education, Maiorescu had failed to pass his law on schooling reform, and had withdrawn the Constitutionalists from the coalition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election, Context\nLacking Junimist support, Florescu's administration won the elections of April 1891 with an inconsistent majority. The PNL-led Opposition had 60 of 183 deputies, including 7 Junimists and Vasile Mor\u021bun, the maverick socialist. However, they also signified a defeat for prominent PNL figures: Panu, Nicolae Fleva, and party leader Ion Br\u0103tianu, who died soon after this personal deception.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election, Context\nIn early November, Florescu's coalition fell apart: King Carol I and various Conservative politicians demanded Vernescu's expulsion, and a \"Conservative concentration\"\u2014that is to say, an ideologically coherent government, with the inclusion of Junimea delegates. Conflicts also erupted between Catargiu and Vernescu, over the appointment of Nicolae Moret Blaremberg as Minister of Justice, and over Vernescu's vetoing of Catargist candidates in the parliamentary bureaus. The government was split by other historic rivalries\u2014Florescu and Pache Protopopescu, the Mayor of Bucharest, had both defected from Vernescu's party, and only had conditional support from Catargiu. At the time, Protopopescu resigned from his post, giving Vernescu a token victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election, Context\nOn November 18, Catargiu, Iacob Lahovary and Constantin Ol\u0103nescu resigned from the cabinet, leaving Florescu without parliamentary backing. Florescu attempted to present the king with a reformed cabinet, but was snubbed by the latter; Catargiu was given a mandate to form his cabinet, which took office nine days later. On December 9, however, a consolidated opposition of PNL and \"Sincere Liberal\" parliamentarians passed a motion of no confidence. The king called in early elections, but obtained from Catargiu a promise to form the \"Conservative consolidation\" before that time. He refused to consider a PNL cabinet under Dimitrie Sturdza, because he felt that the party was in disarray after Br\u0103tianu's death, and also because Catargiu, unlike many of the PNL doctrinaires, fully endorsed Romania's participation in the Triple Alliance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 880]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election, Context\nOn November 15, Catargiu had visited Maiorescu in his home, for the first time in over a decade of mutual antipathy. The consolidation pact was sealed by December 12, when the Catargiu cabinet came to include three Junimists: Petre P. Carp, Menelas Ghermani, and Alexandru Marghiloman; also joining the team, and weakening the Opposition, was a popular former PNL cadre, Take Ionescu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election, Campaign and results\nBy February 13, the government had presented its comprehensive program: \"It promises various welcome reforms, such as the improvement of fortunes for the small landowners and industrialists, the immovability of judges, the reorganization of sanitation services, a partial reorganization of the army, possibly the reduction of tariffs, and education reform.\" This move prompted the various liberal factions to speed up their own merger, although, as noted by Conservative journalist Constantin Bacalba\u0219a, they were \"taken up by surprise, disorganized, [...] divided into four factions, with no single government platform.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election, Campaign and results\nThe elections were widely seen as marred by irregularities, and to some degree fraudulent. According to Bacalba\u0219a: \"as always in Romania, the administration's pressures [on the voters] ran very high.\" However, Ornea suggests that they were overall \"free elections\", \"more relaxed\" that usual, and offering genuine legitimacy to the consolidation cabinet. A total 68,295 voters were registered for the Assembly, with 57,766 (85%) in the 2nd and 3rd Colleges\u2014of low- and medium-income electors. 46,880, or 68.6% voted, of which 2.6% were blank or invalid ballots. There were 16,406 voters registered for Senate, with 9,120 (55.5%) in the 2nd (and last) College. 11,188, or 68.1%, cast their votes, with 1.6% of these being blank or invalid ballots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 799]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election, Campaign and results\nThe result was an uncontested majority for the Conservatives and the Junimists. Following the first round of February, 137 of 183 deputies were with the Catargiu majority, and 27 with the Opposition; 19 more sections were left to settle during ballotage in March. Writer Radu Rosetti, a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Catargiu's, was among those reelected, after defeating Radu Ralea in an intense campaign at F\u0103lciu County's 3rd College. Conservative winners also included A. C. Cuza, the former socialist and Junimist, emerging as an antisemitic doctrinaire, who took his first mandate in the Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election, Campaign and results\nFive more candidates of the PNL-led alliance won seats in the lower chamber during ballotage; they were joined by three independents, who caucused with the Opposition. One of these was the \"peasant deputy\", Constantin Dobrescu-Arge\u0219. In Senate, the government counted on 57 supporters to 17, from a total of 112 eligible senators (8 more were appointed by the Romanian Orthodox Church). Most factional leaders, including Vernescu, Panu, Dimitrie Br\u0103tianu, Eugeniu St\u0103tescu, and Petre S. Aurelian, were elected to either Assembly or Senate. An exception was George D. Pallade, who lost, for the first time in his career, at B\u00e2rlad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election, Aftermath\nThe \"Conservative concentration\" was unique in its era, in that it provided political stability under a Conservative cabinet\u2014variously described as a \"barely disguised Junimist government\" or a Conservative coalition \"on the basis of Junimist principles.\" Virtually unopposed in the Assembly, the Catargiu administration was able to push through Carp's reforms. This was tested immediately by the votes for Assembly and Senate Presidents, going to General Manu and G. G. Catacuzino, respectively. The Catargiu\u2013Carp partnership ran a full term in office, to 1895\u2014the first such Conservative cabinet since 1871, and the last one in history. According to Bacalba\u0219a, it should be seen as \"one of Romania's most competent and most civilized\"\u2014functioning so despite the mutual resentment between its two leaders. As noted by Ornea, the cabinet was primarily kept because it guaranteed the preservation of Carol's foreign policy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 964]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election, Aftermath\nD. Br\u0103tianu, who had taken over the PNL leadership from his deceased brother, also died in June 1892, leaving the party to be run and reorganized by Sturdza. Although the Catargiu regime was unusually stable, the Opposition mustered enough support to sabotage some of Carp's laws. Carp's move to overtax rural industries and make them support administrative decentralization infuriated the populace. In April 1893, instigated by Sturdza, wagoners and artisans blocked the entrance to Parliament on Dealul Mitropoliei; by 1894, these disturbances erupted into full-blown riots in various parts of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0013-0001", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election, Aftermath\nSlowly turning toward ethnic and economic nationalism, especially so during the Transylvanian Memorandum affair of 1892, Sturdza put up \"a sustained effort [...] to overturn the Conservative government. The next three years were by all accounts one of the most tumultuous periods in the history of Romanian political parties between the achievement of independence and the First World War.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election, Aftermath\nThe PNL, meanwhile, became more open toward proposals for electoral reform, which came from the party's left-wing. In November 1892, promises for a gradual change in this area were included in the new PNL program, published at Ia\u0219i. Overall, however, the PNL's leadership rejected the concept of universal suffrage, and looked into more moderate alternatives. As historian Sorin Radu argues: \"the PNL was agitating for electoral reform especially when it was in the opposition, when it could promise a lot of things, but once in power it found reasons not to live up to such promises.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029491-0015-0000", "contents": "1892 Romanian general election, Aftermath\nThe opportunity was seized in 1893 by a smaller anti-establishment group, the Romanian Social Democratic Workers' Party (PSDMR), which introduced universal suffrage among its core demands. With Mor\u021bun among its founders, the PSDMR emerged from the fusion of socialist clubs, adopting a localized variant of the Erfurt Program as its platform. Two years later, Dobrescu-Arge\u0219 also set up his very own \"Peasants' Party\", the first entirely agrarian political group in Romanian history, and significant for opposing both the National Liberals and the Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election\nThe Rossendale by-election, 1892 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Rossendale in Lancashire on 23 January 1892. It was one of the most important political contests in the struggle over Irish Home Rule and a pointer to the outcome of the 1892 general election which took place in July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election was caused by the succession to the peerage of the sitting Liberal Unionist Party MP, the Marquess of Hartington on the death of his father the Duke of Devonshire. Hartington had been the MP for Rossendale since 1885. He was elected first as a Liberal and had formerly represented a number of other constituencies. He was a former leader of the Liberal Party but split with Gladstone over the issue of Irish Home Rule and was re-elected as a Liberal Unionist in Rossendale in 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, Candidates, Liberal Unionists\nThe health of the Duke of Devonshire must have been giving some cause for concern because in December 1891 the Rossendale Liberal Unionists asked their President  and former chairman, Sir Thomas Brooks, to stand ready to be their Parliamentary candidate should the need occur. The Duke did not pass away until 23 December. Brooks was a retired colliery and quarry owner, with his sons now looking after the family businesses. He was a member of the Church of England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, Candidates, Liberals\nThe Gladstonian Liberals selected John Henry Maden as their representative. Maden was only 28 years old and was a cotton spinner and manufacturer, employing local people in Bacup. He was a Wesleyan by religion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, Issues\nBrooks stated early that Home Rule was the political issue which he proposed to place at the forefront of his election campaign  and it was generally believed that this was the question on which the outcome of the election would turn. Brooks said he favoured the extension of local government arrangements to Ireland but Maden was an advocate of an Irish Parliament with legislative and statutory powers. and believed that the tide of opinion opposing Home Rule which had swept Hartington back in as a Unionist in 1886 had now swung round in favour of the reform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0004-0001", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, Issues\nBoth candidates appealed to the electors as reformers on the land question and in relation to the licensing laws. Both were in favour of electoral reform on the principle of one-man-one-vote. Maden proposed disestablishment of the Anglican Church in Scotland as well as in Wales being determined to make the most of being a Methodist in a strongly nonconformist constituency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, Issues\nTowards the end of the campaign the Irish question was revisited strongly when Gladstone sent a letter of support to Maden in which he made some personal attacks on Hartington for his role in the downfall of his government in 1886. Hartington, now the Duke of Devonshire, was obliged to defend himself publicly despite the convention that peers did not interfere in contests for the Commons. The letter and the reaction it provoked probably arrived too late in the campaign to affect the outcome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, Colours\nBoth Liberal Unionists and Liberals printed their election addresses in red, the traditional Liberal colour in the area, although Brooks\u2019 committee room posters had to be printed in red and blue to appease the Conservative wing of the Unionist coalition. The Liberals later made play of Brooks\u2019 election colours by issuing a placard of four colours, red, blue, green and yellow \u2013 with the words \u201cRossendale\u2019s puzzle \u2013 Which is Tom\u2019s colour?\u201d  Generally the Unionists on the campaign trail sported rosettes of patriotic red, white and blue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0006-0001", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, Colours\nBoth candidates had their portraits taken and distributed them to the electors and a considerable quantity of election literature was made available to voters. By the end of January it was reported that \u201cElection literature is daily increasing in volume and letters [of support from prominent people] almost without end are pouring into the constituency\u201d.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, Dirty tricks\nBoth sides were accused of electioneering and \u2018dirty tricks\u2019. Maden\u2019s supporters were accused of publishing a voting card alleging that Brooks lived in Leicester whereas Brooks\u2019 supporters countered that people knew he had lived in Rossendale all his life. Brooks\u2019 people were said to have spread a false rumour that Maden paid his weavers at under the going rate, whereas Maden claimed they were paid at a higher rate than the Rossendale Valley average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, Canvassing\nRegistration agents were brought in from neighbouring constituencies and the work of preparing canvass books was initiated  in anticipation of the later constant canvassing of opinion that took place. The campaign was quite a lengthy one by the standards of the day but this was because the parties wished to allow the funeral of the old Duke of Devonshire to pass before campaigning proper got under way with the moving of the formal election writ and because of the intervention of the Christmas and New Year holidays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, Party mood\nAlthough Hartington had held the seat at the previous election with a good majority much of that could be put down to personal factors. Brooks had however inherited an efficient political and electoral organisation, so the result was in the balance. Maden had strong local connections and had been cultivating the constituency for some time. It was reported that the Liberal mood changed during the course of the campaign from an early feeling that victory was inevitable to one of doubt over the result, whereas the Unionist spirit was on the up as  the campaign progressed .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, Supporters\nBoth candidates had the support of other local MPs and political figures from the region and outside. David Lloyd George, himself a by-election winner in 1890, was one of the MPs who came to speak for Maden. Maden also secured the defection from the Liberal Unionist camp of the Mayor of Haslingden, Mr T B Hamilton who was also a prominent nonconformist. With Rawtenstall and Crawshawbooth thought to be predominantly Unionist and Bacup solidly Liberal, the electors of Haslingden were proving to be the key constituency. In reply however Brooks secured the support of the former Mayor of Bacup, Alderman George Shepherd, who was always previously identified as a staunch Gladstonian.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, Irish and mining voters\nThere were estimated to be up 700 voters of Irish origin in the constituency but not all would vote in favour of Home Rule and in support of Maden. In particular, Brooks\u2019 quarry enterprises employed a large number of Irish labourers who were expected to support their employers. Maden had made of point of stating publicly that he did not expect the men who worked for him to vote for him automatically but according to their own consciences. Another key constituency were the local miners who were identified as solidly behind the Liberal cause.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, By-election weather\nThe winter weather was not kind to the candidates, with snow falling frequently, and snow and frost causing blocked roads and other problems. This was followed by the descent of thick fog. Despite these difficulties, public meetings were apparently well attended with audiences in the range of 500-1,500 even in out of the way places. When the nomination papers were handed in on 19 January, the Unionists presented 20 papers with about 200 signatures in all. Maden\u2019s supporters handed in 12 nomination papers but he was able to show that his papers had been signed by the Mayors of the three boroughs making up the constituency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 62], "content_span": [63, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, Election day\nThe weather played its part on election day. A heavy mist hung over the constituency all day, only to give way in the evening to drizzling rain but for both sides there was so much at stake that there was no let up in  electioneering and efforts to get supporters to the polls. This was evidently successful as it was estimated that around a 96% turnout had been achieved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 41], "content_span": [42, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029492-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 Rossendale by-election, The result\nUnfortunately for the Liberals, Maden was unwell in the last few days of the campaign and while he was briefly able to appear in public on the morning of polling day, he could not make it to the count at the Mechanics' Institute at Bacup where at about midnight on 25 January the Returning Officer, Colonel William Foster, High Sheriff of Lancashire, announced that Maden was the winner by a majority of 1,225 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029493-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1892 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1892 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record and were outscored by their opponents, 160 to 108. The team had no coach, and its captain was John C. Loud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029494-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 SAFA season\nThe 1892 South Australian Football Association season was the 16th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029495-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Sack of Salaga\nThe 1892 Sack of Salaga was a Gonja civil war for the control of the town of Salaga that occurred on December 5, 1892. A rebellion led by Kabachewura Isifa and assisted by his Dagomba and Nanumba allies overthrew Kpembewura Napo who died in exile in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029495-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Sack of Salaga\nYaa Naa Andani, overload of Dagbon at that time was against the disruption in the region, and sent a strongly worded letter to the incumbent Kpembewura Isanwurfo in 1894 to quell the internecine struggles to avoid further hurting trade in the slave market. The war led to a mass exodus of mostly Zongo people out of the region, significantly depleting its population and giving birth to a wave of Islamic proselytizing in the forest areas of modern Ghana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029496-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 San Jose State Spartans football team\nThe 1892 San Jose State Spartans football team represented State Teachers College at San Jose during the 1892 college football season. In their first year fielding an American football team, the Spartans lost in their sole contest against the local YMCA team of San Jose. The game technically occurred during 1893, but it represented the 1892 academic year and so that is the season it is counted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029497-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Sewanee Tigers football team\nThe 1892 Sewanee Tigers football team represented the Sewanee Tigers of Sewanee: The University of the South in the 1892 college football season. In their second season as a full-time squad, the Tigers posted a 5\u20131\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029498-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Singapore Amateur Football Association Challenge Cup\n1892 Singapore Amateur Football Association Challenge Cup was the inaugurate season of the Amateur Challenge Cup, the predecessor of the Singapore Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029498-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Singapore Amateur Football Association Challenge Cup\nThe Final was played on 27 June 1892 between Singapore Engineers and Royal Artillery, the match ending with a 2\u20132 draw. In the replay, held on 8 July 1892, the Engineers trounced its opponent 6\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029499-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 South Carolina Gamecocks football team\nThe 1892 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina during the 1892 college football season. This was the first season in program history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029500-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Governor Ben Tillman was renominated by the Democrats and was elected in the general election to a second two-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029500-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic campaign, Peace and Harmony convention\nOn March 24 in Columbia, a gathering of conservative Democrats, called the Peace and Harmony convention, plotted strategy for the upcoming gubernatorial election. The conservatives had learnt from their defeat to Tillman in the gubernatorial election of 1890 and realized that it was necessary to give their nominee momentum prior to the canvassing of delegates for the Democratic nominating convention. They also vowed to accept the gubernatorial nominee chosen at the Democratic convention and refrain from running a straightout ticket even if Tillman was to be renominated. James L. Orr was given the nomination for governor, but refused and instead former Governor John Sheppard was nominated by the conservatives. Sheppard, although dignified and respected, possessed none of the demagogic skills of Tillman and therefore would be unable to compete for the votes of the class conscious farmers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 93], "content_span": [94, 993]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029500-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic campaign, Primary to select delegates\nThe conservatives requested a primary to select the nomination of the statewide Democratic ticket instead of the convention system currently being used, but the Tillmanites refused because they were fully in control of the party machinery. Furthermore, the Tillmanites introduced a new rule that blacks could only participate in the selection of delegates if they had ten white men vouch that they voted for Hampton in the gubernatorial election of 1876.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 92], "content_span": [93, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029500-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic campaign, Primary to select delegates\nThe candidates for governor stumped the state, but there was hardly a peaceful debate. Often, the supporters of both candidates would end up with pistols drawn and threatening violence. Tillman was the chief contributor to this violence and actively supported it among his partisans. He was asked by a close friend why he raised so much hell and Tillman answered \"if I didn't, the damn fools wouldn't vote for me.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 92], "content_span": [93, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029500-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic campaign, Primary to select delegates\nSheppard put up a good fight against Tillman, yet fell short by 22,092 votes in the primary on August 29 to select delegates to the state nominating convention. Additionally, the defeat for the conservatives was further magnified by a greater number of Tillmanites being elected from the primary to the General Assembly. Tillman would thus enter his second administration with a renewed popular mandate and a more favorable legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 92], "content_span": [93, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029500-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held on November 8, 1892 and Ben Tillman was reelected as governor of South Carolina without opposition. Tillman had forced the state Democratic party to adopt the entire Ocala Platform in order to avoid a challenge from the Populist Party. Turnout decreased for this election over the previous election because it was an uncontested election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029501-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. Incumbent Republican Governor Arthur C. Mellette declined to seek re-election to a third term. Former territorial legislator Charles H. Sheldon was nominated by the Republican Party as Mellette's replacement, and he faced former legislator Abraham Lincoln Van Osdel, a leader in the South Dakota Farmers' Alliance and the nominee of the Independent Party, along with Democratic nominee Peter Couchman, in the general election. The result was largely a replay of the 1890 election, with Sheldon winning by a large margin, but only a plurality, and Van Osdel taking second place over Couchman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029501-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Independent Party convention\nFollowing the split vote in the 1890 election, some members of the Independent Party pushed for a fusion with the Democratic Party. However, in the lead-up to the June 1892 convention, Independent leaders and convention delegates made clear that they were strongly opposed to fusion and would nominate their own candidates. Their 1890 gubernatorial nominee, Henry L. Loucks, was initially seen as the frontrunner for the nomination, but former territorial delegate Abraham Lincoln Van Osdel, who was the Party's 1890 lieutenant-gubernatorial nominee, emerged as the nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 70], "content_span": [71, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029501-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Republican convention\nAt the Republican convention in July 1892, Governor Mellette declined to be a candidate for another term. To replace him, a crowded field developed:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029501-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Republican convention\nHowever, before a formal ballot could be taken, the delegates agreed on nominating Charles H. Sheldon for Governor, and he received the nomination by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029501-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Democratic convention\nJust as the Independent Party rejected the idea of fusion, so too did the Democratic Party. At their September 1890 convention, the delegates overwhelmingly voted, 376\u201336, against forming a coalition and to instead nominate their own candidates for state offices. The convention nominated Peter Couchman, a former member of the New York State Assembly who moved to South Dakota in 1872 and ran as the 1890 Democratic nominee for Lieutenant Governor, by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029502-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 South Derbyshire by-election\nThe 1892 South Derbyshire by-election was held on 4 March 1892 after the death of the incumbent Liberal MP Harrington Evans Broad. The election was won by the Liberal candidate, Harrington Evans Broad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029503-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Southern Minnesota tornado\nThe 1892 Southern Minnesota tornado was a large and deadly tornado that struck several communities across southern Minnesota on Wednesday, June 15, 1892. It had a width of 500 yards (457\u00a0m) wide and was on the ground for 40 miles (64\u00a0km). The twister was estimated to have been an F5 on the Fujita scale. It killed 12 people in and injured 76 others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029503-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Southern Minnesota tornado, Tornado path\nThe twister touched down after 3:00 pm in Jackson County in southwestern Minnesota, and after moving east destroyed a schoolhouse near Sherburn in Martin County. The teacher and 16 students were injured, but nobody was killed. As the tornado moved into Faribault County, it swept away several farmsteads near Easton, throwing timbers from homes up to 3 miles (5\u00a0km) away and spearing them into the ground. The tornado then crossed Freeborn County before finally lifting back into the clouds in Steele County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029504-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1892 St. Louis Browns season was the team's 11th season in St. Louis, Missouri, and their first as members of the National League. In a split season schedule, the Browns finished ninth in the first half of the season and 11th in the second half. Overall, the team had a record of 56\u201394, 11th-best in the 12-team National League, better only than the Baltimore Orioles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029504-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 St. Louis Browns season\nThe Browns joined the National League when the American Association folded after the 1891 season and have remained a member ever since; the team has been known as the St. Louis Cardinals since 1900. This was the Browns final season before moving from the original Sportsman's Park to New Sportsman's Park, where they would remain until 1920 when they would return to the original Sportsman's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029504-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029504-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029504-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029504-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029504-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029505-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Stanford football team\nThe 1892 Stanford football team represented Stanford University in the 1892 college football season and was coached by Walter Camp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029505-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Stanford football team, Season summary\nStanford University opened in October 1891. The 1891 football team was hastily organized and played a four-game season beginning in January 1892 with no official head coach. Following the season, Stanford captain John Whittemore wrote to legendary Yale coach Walter Camp asking him to recommend a coach for Stanford. To Whittemore's surprise, Camp agreed to coach the team himself, on the condition that he finish the season at Yale first.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029505-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Stanford football team, Season summary\nAs a result of Camp's late arrival, Stanford played just three official games, against San Francisco's Olympic Club and rival California. The team also played exhibition games against two Los Angeles area teams that Stanford does not include in official results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029505-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Stanford football team, Season summary\nCamp returned to the East Coast following the season, then returned to coach Stanford in 1894 and 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029506-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Swarthmore Quakers football team\nThe 1892 Swarthmore Quakers football team was an American football team that represented Swarthmore College as an independent during the 1892 college football season. The team compiled a 7\u20133 record and outscored opponents by a total of 166 to 91. Jacob K. Shell was the head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029506-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Swarthmore Quakers football team\nFullback George H. Brooke was the team captain. Other key players included quarterback Charles G. Hodge, halfbacks Kent W. Hughes and Samuel C. Palmer, and ends A. K. White and Edwin P. Bond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029507-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1892 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University during the 1892 college football season. The head coach was Jordan C. Wells, coaching his first season with the Orangemen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029508-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1892 Tennessee Volunteers football team represented the University of Tennessee in the 1892 season. The Volunteers embarked on their second season as a full-time squad. This season saw the Vols win their first game versus Maryville College, in Maryville, Tennessee. As in 1891, this was a student coached squad, made up of ragtag players. This was the first meeting of UT and Vanderbilt in their in-state rivalry game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029509-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Tennessee gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. Democratic nominee Peter Turney defeated Republican nominee George W. Winstead with 47.86% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029510-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 The Bogan colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Bogan on 31 May 1892 because of the death of George Cass (Protectionist).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029511-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Thirsk rail crash\nThe 1892 Thirsk rail crash happened at Manor House signal box on 2 November 1892, on the North Eastern Railway about 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) north of Thirsk railway station in the North Riding of Yorkshire, England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029511-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Thirsk rail crash, Events\nJames Holmes was the signalman at Manor House signal box. The day before the crash, his infant daughter, Rose, was taken ill and later died. Holmes had been awake for over 36 hours and was extremely distressed, having ministered to the child, walked miles to try and find the local doctor (who was away from home attending to another patient) and comforted his distraught wife.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029511-0001-0001", "contents": "1892 Thirsk rail crash, Events\nHe reported to the stationmaster at Otterington, Thomas Kirby, that he would be unable to work the shift on the next night, but Kirby merely asked his superiors for a relief signalman, without stating that the reason was that Holmes had reported himself unfit to work. The Assistant District Signals Inspector at York, already harassed by other emergencies, replied that there was no relief signalman available, and his superior later concurred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029511-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Thirsk rail crash, Events\nForced to complete his shift, Holmes called at the Otterington signal box before walking to Manor House, asking the signalman there, Henry Eden, to notify him when the passenger train from York arrived at 8:58\u00a0pm, as he was expecting his mother to arrive by that service to tend to his wife; Holmes had expected his mother to arrive on either the 6:00\u00a0pm or 7:37\u00a0pm trains, and had walked to the station on both occasions hoping to meet her. He also told the Otterington signalman that he was already exhausted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029511-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Thirsk rail crash, Events\nIt was night with a thick mist which later thickened to fog. About three hours into Holmes' shift, two express passenger trains were due from the north. These constituted the up night Scotch Express, which was divided into two separate trains. The first had left Edinburgh on time at 10:30\u00a0pm, but the second had been delayed by the late arrival of connecting trains and did not leave until 11:02\u00a0pm. After the first portion of the express had passed Northallerton North the signalman there allowed a goods train from Middlesbrough to Starbeck up the main line after it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029511-0003-0001", "contents": "1892 Thirsk rail crash, Events\nHolmes let the goods train into his section but then was \"overmastered by sleep\". The goods train came to a halt just outside his signal box. Thirteen minutes later, Holmes awoke, rather confused. The Otterington signalman warned him to be ready for the second part of the express, and Holmes saw that his instruments still indicated that there was a train on the line. He had forgotten about the goods train, and thought he had fallen asleep before clearing the instruments after the first express. He cleared the instruments and accepted the second express. He then had second thoughts and telegraphed the Otterington signal box (using the \"speaking instrument\", an old term for the single needle telegraph, not to be confused with a telephone), but too late for the Otterington signalman to halt the express.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029511-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Thirsk rail crash, Events\nThe express crashed at sixty miles per hour into the goods train, which had only just started to move off at walking pace. Nine passengers and the guard of the goods train were killed. 39 other passengers and 4 train crew injured. Nearly an hour later, hot coals from the firebox of the engine of the express train set the wreckage on fire. The express train's Pintsch oil gas lighting system acted as an accelerant and added to the fire. Two of the bodies were incinerated and were not recovered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029511-0004-0001", "contents": "1892 Thirsk rail crash, Events\nMen employed to clear the crash site and repair the permanent way reported finding calcined bones and lumps of flesh. Some of the human remains had coins fused to them from the intense heat of the fire. The bodies that could be recovered were moved to Thirsk station and an inquest was opened immediately so that the bodies could be released to the families.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029511-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Thirsk rail crash, Aftermath\nHolmes was charged with manslaughter and found guilty, but was given an absolute discharge \u2013 a decision strongly supported by both the jury and by public opinion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029511-0005-0001", "contents": "1892 Thirsk rail crash, Aftermath\nThe railway company was criticised for its cavalier treatment of Holmes, and there had been contributory negligence; by the Otterington signalman who knew of Holmes' condition and took no action when there was silence from his signal box for nearly a quarter of an hour, and by the crew of the goods train who remained halted outside Holmes' signal box for several minutes without sending a crewman to the signal box in accordance with Rule 55 to ensure that their train was properly protected by the signals and block instruments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029511-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Thirsk rail crash, Prevention\nThe accident would have been prevented if the line had been fitted with track circuits which would have prevented the block instruments and the signals from being cleared. However, at the time track circuits were relatively new. Although Manor House was a heavily used part of what was to become known as the East Coast Main Line, the need for such aids to safety there would have been regarded as low; there were no junctions, sidings or crossovers to confuse movement, and the block was one of the shortest and straightest in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029511-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Thirsk rail crash, Prevention\nBoard of Trade Inspecting Officer Francis Marindin also noted that the many casualties were as a result of the lighter carriages being marshalled between the engine and the heavier Pullman coach behind them. When the crash occurred, the Pullman carriage tore into the lighter carriages at the front of the train.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029512-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Trinity Blue and White football team\nThe 1892 Trinity Blue and White football team was an American football team that represented Trinity College (later renamed Duke University) as an independent during the 1892 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20133 record. The team had no coach; W. W. Flowers was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029513-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nList of champions of the 1892 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open). The men's tournament was held from 23 August to 30 August on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. The women's tournament was held from 21 June to 25 June on the outdoor grass courts at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Philadelphia, PA. This tournament saw the introduction of the U.S. National Mixed Doubles Championship which was played, like the women's singles and women's doubles competition, at the Philadelphia Cricket Club. It was the 12th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029513-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Singles\nMabel Cahill defeated  Elisabeth Moore  5\u20137, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 4\u20136, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029513-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nOliver Campbell /  Bob Huntington defeated  Valentine Hall /  Edward Hall 6\u20134, 6\u20132, 4\u20136, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029513-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nMabel Cahill /  Adeline McKinlay defeated  Helen Day Harris /  Amy Williams 6\u20131, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029513-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\nMabel Cahill /  Clarence Hobart defeated  Elisabeth Moore /  Rodmond V. Beach 6\u20133, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029514-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nOliver Campbell secured his third title in beating challenger Fred Hovey 7\u20135, 3\u20136, 6\u20133, 7\u20135 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1892 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029515-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nMabel Cahill won the singles tennis title by defeating challenger Elisabeth Moore, a 17-year old player from the Hohokus Valley Tennis Club, 5\u20137, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 4\u20136, 6\u20132 in the Challenge Round of the 1892 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship. Moore had won the right to challenge Cahill by defeating Helen Day Harris 5\u20137, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 in the final of the All Comers' competition. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia from June 21 through June 25, 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029516-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United Kingdom general election\nThe 1892 United Kingdom general election was held from 4 to 26 July 1892. It saw the Conservatives, led by Lord Salisbury again win the greatest number of seats, but no longer a majority as William Ewart Gladstone's Liberals won 80 more seats than in the 1886 general election. The Liberal Unionists who had previously supported the Conservative government saw their vote and seat numbers go down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029516-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United Kingdom general election\nDespite being split between Parnellite and anti-Parnellite factions, the Irish Nationalist vote held up well. As the Liberals did not have a majority on their own, Salisbury refused to resign on hearing the election results and waited to be defeated in a vote of no confidence on 11 August. Gladstone formed a minority government dependent on Irish Nationalist support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029516-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United Kingdom general election\nThe Liberals had engaged in failed attempts at reunification between 1886 and 1887. Gladstone however was able to retain control of much of the Liberal party machinery, particularly the National Liberal Federation. Gladstone used the annual NLF meetings as a platform to consolidate various Liberal causes, particularly the Newcastle meeting of 1891, which gave its name to the radical Newcastle Programme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029516-0002-0001", "contents": "1892 United Kingdom general election\nThis programme placed Irish Home Rule first, followed by Welsh and Scottish disestablishment, reduction in factory work hours, free education, electoral reform, land reform, reform or abolition of the House of Lords, and the removal of duties on basic foods. This programme would later be disowned by the party leadership following the Liberal defeat in the 1895 election (Haigh 1990, p.\u00a0259).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029517-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nThe 1892 general election in Ireland took place from 4\u201326 July 1892. This was the first general election in Ireland following the split in the Irish Parliamentary Party caused by Charles Stewart Parnell's relationship with Katharine O'Shea, who had been married at the beginning of their relationship. The ensuing scandal saw the Party split into rival wings; the anti-Parnellite Irish National Federation, and the pro-Parnellite Irish National League. Parnell later died in October 1891 of a heart attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029517-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nIn spite of the split within the Irish Nationalist parties their vote held up remarkably well, and together they received 297,258 of the 385,115 votes cast in Ireland, and 81 of Irelands 101 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029517-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nIrish and Liberal Unionists made small gains in Ulster and around Dublin, resulting in them winning a further 4 seats. It was the first election to be contested by the newly formed Irish Unionist Alliance under Edward James Saunderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029517-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nThe Irish Nationalist parties went on to support William Ewart Gladstone's attempt to form a minority Liberal government. As Prime Minister, Gladstone once again attempted to push for Irish Home Rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029517-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 United Kingdom general election in Ireland\nNot included in the totals are the two Dublin University seats, which were retained by the Irish Unionist party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029518-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United Kingdom local elections\nThe 1892 United Kingdom local elections took place throughout 1892. The elections were the second following the Local Government Act 1888 and Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, which had established county councils and county borough councils in England, Wales, and Scotland. The election saw elections of members to these various new county councils.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029518-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United Kingdom local elections\nThe March elections saw Liberal Progressives strengthening their control of London County Council. The result had the effect of strengthening the opposition of some Conservatives to female suffrage, as a correlation between widening female suffrage and the Conservative defeat was read into the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029518-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United Kingdom local elections\nMunicipal elections were held in England and Wales in November, although like their County Council elections remained generally apolitical.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029518-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 United Kingdom local elections\nThe elections also witnessed the further growth of the Labour movement in local government, with there being an estimated 200 Labour councillors by 1892, as opposed to 12 Labour councillors in 1882.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029519-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming\nThe Wyoming United States House election for 1892 was held on November 3, 1892. Democratic Henry A. Coffeen defeated Republican incumbent Clarence D. Clark with 51.34% of the vote making Clark the first incumbent Representative from Wyoming to lose reelection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [63, 63], "content_span": [64, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029520-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections\nElections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1892 for members of the 53rd Congress, taking place at the same time as the election of Grover Cleveland as President for the second, non-continuous, time, defeating incumbent Benjamin Harrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029520-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections\nIn spite of the presidential results, Harrison's Republican Party gained back some of the seats that had been lost in 1890 to the Democratic Party, but was still deep in the minority. The Republican pickups were a result of a number of Republican-friendly Northern districts reverting to form after voting Democratic in the previous election cycle. The third party Populists, who had high support among farmers and laborers in the South and West, also gained three seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029520-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries\nThis was the first election after reapportionment following the 1890 Census. Twenty-four new seats were added, with 13 States gaining one seat each, two States gaining 2 seats each, and one state gaining 3 seats, and the remaining 28 states having no change. Several states did not redistrict following the apportionment of extra seats, and elected those new seats at-large.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 73], "content_span": [74, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029520-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries\nThe previous election of 1890 saw the election of eight Populists, but no other third party or independent members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 73], "content_span": [74, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029520-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Early election dates\nIn 1892 three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 75], "content_span": [76, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029520-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Alabama\nOne new seat was added in reapportionment. Democrats gained a seat in the new district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029520-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Arkansas\nOne new seat was added in reapportionment. Democrats gained a seat in the new district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029520-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections, California\nOne new seat was added in reapportionment. Democrats gained one seat from the Republicans, and the Populists gained a seat in the new district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029520-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Colorado\nOne new seat was added in reapportionment. Populists had a net gain of two seats, one taken from the Republicans, the other being a seat in the new district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029520-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Louisiana\nOne new seat was added in reapportionment. Democrats gained a seat in the new district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 64], "content_span": [65, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029520-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Maryland\nOne new seat was added in reapportionment. Democrats gained a seat in the new district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029521-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1892 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 8, 1892. California gained one seat as a result of the 1890 Census, which was won by the Populist Party. Democrats also picked up an open Republican seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029522-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida\nElections to the United States House of Representatives in Florida were held for two seats in the 53rd Congress. These elections were held at the same time as the 1892 presidential election and election for governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029522-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background\nFlorida's congressional delegation had been dominated by Democrats since 1884, with the Republicans losing every Congressional election since then. In 1890, a new party, the People's Party, also known as the Populists, had been established, winning nine seats in the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 76], "content_span": [77, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029522-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Election results\nThe Republicans did not run any candidates for Congress in 1892. The new People's Party made its first appearance in Florida's congressional elections this year. Robert Bullock (D) of the 2nd district did not run for renomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 82], "content_span": [83, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029523-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 8, 1892 to select seven Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. Two Democratic incumbents were re-elected, four open seats were won by the Democrats and the open seat in the 7th congressional district was picked up by the Republicans. The composition of the state delegation after the election was six Democrats and one Republican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029523-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman William H. Brawley of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1891, defeated J. William Stokes in the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029523-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman George D. Tillman of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1883, was defeated in the Democratic primary by W. Jasper Talbert. He was unopposed in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029523-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman George Johnstone of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1891, was defeated in the Democratic primary by Asbury Latimer. He defeated John R. Tolbert in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029523-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman George W. Shell of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1891, defeated Joseph T. Johnson in the Democratic primary and Republican Joshua A.T. Ensor in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029523-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John J. Hemphill of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1883, was defeated in the Democratic primary by Thomas J. Strait. He defeated Republican challenger E. Brooks Sligh in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029523-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district special election\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Eli T. Stackhouse of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1891, died on June 14, 1892 during the Democratic primary campaign. A special election for the remainder of the term was called to be held simultaneously with the regular election. The South Carolina Democratic Party decided that the winner of the primary election would be their candidate for both the special and regular elections. John L. McLaurin won the primary and defeated Republican challenger E.J. Sawyer in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 116], "content_span": [117, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029523-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district\nJohn L. McLaurin, winner of the Democratic primary for both the special and regular election of the 6th congressional district, defeated Republican challenger E.J. Sawyer in the general election to win the term for the 53rd Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029523-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 7th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman William Elliott of the 7th congressional district, in office since 1891, declined to seek re-election. Republican George W. Murray defeated Democratic challenger E.W. Moise in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029524-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States elections\nThe 1892 United States elections was held on November 8, electing member to the 53rd United States Congress, taking place during the Third Party System. Democrats retained the House and won control of the Presidency and the Senate. Following the election, Democrats controlled the Presidency and a majority in both chambers of Congress for the first time since the 1858 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029524-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States elections\nIn the Presidential election, Republican President Benjamin Harrison was defeated by former Democratic President Grover Cleveland. Cleveland won the popular vote by a margin of three percent, but won by a large margin in the electoral college. Populist James B. Weaver also carried five Western states and won a little over eight percent of the vote. At the 1892 Republican National Convention, Harrison fended off a challenge from supporters of former Secretary of State James G. Blaine and Governor William McKinley of Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029524-0001-0001", "contents": "1892 United States elections\nAt the 1892 Democratic National Convention, Cleveland defeated Senator David B. Hill from New York and Governor Horace Boies of Iowa on the first ballot. Harrison had previously defeated Cleveland in 1888, and Cleveland's win made him the first President to serve non-consecutive terms. Cleveland's win in the popular vote also made him the second person, after Andrew Jackson, to win the popular vote in three presidential elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029524-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States elections\nReapportionment following the 1890 census added twenty four seats to the House. Republicans picked up several seats in the House, but Democrats continued to command a large majority in the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029524-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 United States elections\nIn the Senate, Democrats made moderate gains to win a majority (including the Democratic Vice President) in the chamber for the first time since the 1880 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029525-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1892, in 32 states, concurrent with the House, Senate elections and presidential election, on November 8, 1892 (except in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Rhode Island and Vermont, which held early elections).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029525-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States gubernatorial elections\nIn Florida, the gubernatorial election was held in October for the first time, having previously been held on the same day as federal elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election\nThe 1892 United States presidential election was the 27th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1892. In a rematch of the closely contested 1888 presidential election, former Democratic President Grover Cleveland defeated incumbent Republican President Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland's victory made him the first and to date only person in American history to be elected to a non-consecutive second presidential term. It was also the first time incumbents were defeated in consecutive elections\u2014the second being Jimmy Carter's defeat of Gerald Ford in 1976, followed by Carter's subsequent loss to Ronald Reagan in 1980. Additionally, Harrison's loss marked the second time an elected president lost the popular vote twice, the first being John Quincy Adams in the 1820s. This feat was not repeated until Donald Trump lost the popular vote in 2016 and 2020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 922]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election\nThough some Republicans opposed Harrison's re-nomination, Harrison defeated James G. Blaine and William McKinley on the first presidential ballot of the 1892 Republican National Convention. Cleveland defeated challenges by David B. Hill and Horace Boies on the first presidential ballot of the 1892 Democratic National Convention, becoming both the first presidential candidate and Democrat to win his party's presidential nomination in three elections. The new Populist Party, formed by groups from The Grange, the Farmers' Alliances, and the Knights of Labor, fielded a ticket led by former Congressman James B. Weaver of Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election\nThe campaign centered mainly on economic issues, especially the protectionist 1890 McKinley Tariff. Cleveland ran on a platform of lowering the tariff and opposed the Republicans' 1890 voting rights proposal. Cleveland was also a proponent of the gold standard, while the Republicans and Populists both supported bimetalism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election\nCleveland swept the Solid South and won several important swing states, taking a majority of the electoral vote and a plurality of the popular vote. As of 2020, he is the third of six presidential nominees to win a significant number of electoral votes in at least three elections, the others being Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, William Jennings Bryan, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Richard Nixon. Of these, Jackson, Cleveland, and Roosevelt also won the popular vote in at least three elections. Weaver won 8.5% of the popular vote and carried several Western states, while John Bidwell of the Prohibition Party won 2.2% of the popular vote. The Democrats did not win another presidential election until 1912.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nBy the beginning of 1892, many Americans were ready to return to Cleveland's political policies. Although he was the clear frontrunner for the Democratic presidential nomination, he was far from the universal choice of the party's supporters; many, such as the journalists Henry Watterson and Charles Anderson Dana, thought that if he were to attain the nomination, their party would lose in November, but few could challenge him effectively. Though he had remained relatively quiet on the issue of silver versus gold, often deferring to bimetalism, Senate Democrats in January 1891 voted for free coinage of silver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0004-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nFurious, he sent a letter to Ellery Anderson, who headed the New York Reform Club, to condemn the party's apparent drift towards inflation and agrarian control, the \"dangerous and reckless experiment of free, unlimited coinage of silver at our mints.\" Advisors warned that such statements might alienate potential supporters in the South and West and risk his chances for the nomination, but Cleveland felt that being right on the issue was more important than the nomination. After making his position clear, he worked to focus his campaign on tariff reform, hoping that the silver issue would dissipate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nA challenger emerged in the form of David B. Hill, former governor of and incumbent senator from New York. In favor of bimetalism and tariff reform, Hill hoped to make inroads with Cleveland's supporters while appealing to those in the South and Midwest who were not keen on nominating Cleveland for a third consecutive time. Hill had begun to run for the position of president unofficially as early as 1890, and even offered former Postmaster General Donald M. Dickinson his support for the vice-presidential nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0005-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nBut he was not able to escape his past association with Tammany Hall, and lack of confidence in his ability to defeat Cleveland for the nomination kept Hill from attaining the support he needed. By the time of the convention, Cleveland could count on the support of majority of the state Democratic parties, though his native New York remained pledged to Hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination\nIn a narrow first-ballot victory, Cleveland received 617.33 votes, barely 10 more than needed, to 114 for Hill, 103 for Governor Horace Boies of Iowa, a populist and former Republican, and the rest scattered. Although the Cleveland forces preferred Isaac P. Gray from Indiana for vice president, Cleveland directed his own support to the convention favorite, Adlai E. Stevenson I from Illinois. As a supporter of using paper greenbacks and free silver to inflate the currency and alleviate economic distress in rural districts, Stevenson balanced the ticket headed by Cleveland, who supported hard-money and the gold standard. At the same time, it was hoped that his nomination represented a promise not to ignore regulars, and so potentially get Hill and Tammany Hall to support the Democratic ticket to their fullest in the coming election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 925]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nBenjamin Harrison's administration was widely viewed as unsuccessful, and as a result, Thomas C. Platt (a political boss in New York) and other disaffected party leaders mounted a dump-Harrison movement coalescing around veteran candidate James G. Blaine from Maine, a favorite of Republican party regulars. Blaine had been the Republican nominee in 1884 when he was beaten by Democrat Grover Cleveland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nPrivately, Harrison did not want to be renominated for the presidency, but he remained opposed to the nomination going to Blaine, who he was convinced intended to run, and thought himself the only candidate capable of preventing that. Blaine, however, did not want another fight for the nomination and a rematch against Cleveland at the general election. His health had begun to fail, and three of his children had recently died (Walker and Alice in 1890, and Emmons in 1892).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0008-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nBlaine refused to run actively, but the cryptic nature of his responses to a draft effort fueled speculation that he was not averse to such a movement. For his part, Harrison curtly demanded that he either renounce his supporters or resign his position as Secretary of State, with Blaine choosing the latter a scant three days before the National Convention. A boom began to build around the \"draft Blaine\" effort with supporters hoping to cause a break towards their candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nSenator John Sherman from Ohio, who had been the leading candidate for the nomination at the 1888 Republican Convention before Harrison won it, was also brought up as a possible challenger. Like Blaine, however, he was averse to another bitter battle for the nomination and \"like the rebels down South, want to be let alone.\" This inevitably turned attention to Ohio Governor William McKinley, who was indecisive as to his intentions in spite of his ill feelings toward Harrison and popularity among the Republican base. Not averse to receiving the nomination, he did not expect to win it either.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0009-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nHowever, should Blaine and Harrison fail to attain the nomination after a number of ballots, he felt he could be brought forth as a harmony candidate. Despite the urging of Republican power broker Mark Hanna, McKinley did not put himself forward as a potential candidate, afraid of offending Harrison and Blaine's supporters, while also feeling that the coming election would not favor the Republicans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nIn any case, the president's forces had the nomination locked up by the time delegates met in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on June 7\u201310, 1892. Richard Thomas from Indiana delivered Harrison's nominating speech. Harrison was nominated on the first ballot with 535.17 votes to 182.83 for Blaine, 182 for McKinley, and the rest scattered. McKinley protested when the Ohio delegation threw its entire vote in his name, despite not being formally nominated, but Joseph B. Foraker, who headed the delegation, managed to silence him on a point of order.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0010-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination\nWith the ballots counted, many observers were surprised at the strength of the McKinley vote, which almost overtook Blaine. Whitelaw Reid from New York, editor of the New York Tribune and recent United States Ambassador to France, was nominated for vice president. The incumbent vice president, Levi P. Morton, was supported by many at the convention, including Reid himself, but did not wish to serve another term. Harrison also did not want Morton on the ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, People's Party nomination, Candidates gallery\nIn 1891, the American farmers' alliances met with delegates from labor and reform groups in Cincinnati, Ohio, to discuss the formation of a new political party. They formed the People's Party, commonly known as the \"Populists\", a year later in St. Louis, Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 100], "content_span": [101, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, People's Party nomination, Candidates gallery\nLeonidas L. Polk was the initial frontrunner to the presidential nomination. He had been instrumental in the party's formation and held great appeal with its agrarian base, but he unexpectedly died while in Washington, D.C., on June 11. Another candidate mentioned frequently for the nomination was Walter Q. Gresham, an appellate judge who had made a number of rulings against the railroads that made him a favorite of some farmer and labor groups, and it was felt that his rather dignified image would make the Populists appear as more than a minor contender.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 100], "content_span": [101, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0012-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, People's Party nomination, Candidates gallery\nBoth Democrats and Republicans feared his nomination for this reason, and while Gresham toyed with the idea, he ultimately was not ready to make a complete break with the two parties, declining petitions for his nomination right up to and during the Populist Convention. Later he would endorse Grover Cleveland for the presidency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 100], "content_span": [101, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, People's Party nomination, Candidates gallery\nAt the first Populist national convention in Omaha, Nebraska, in July 1892, James B. Weaver from Iowa was nominated for president on the first ballot, now lacking any serious opposition. While his nomination brought with him significant campaigning experience from over several decades, he also had a longer tract of history for which Republicans and Democrats could criticize him, and he also alienated many potential supporters in the South, having participated in Sherman's March to the Sea. James G. Field from Virginia was nominated for vice-president to try and rectify this problem while also attaining the regional balance often seen in Republican and Democratic tickets. I", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 100], "content_span": [101, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, People's Party nomination, Candidates gallery\nSource: . . (September 7, 2009). Source: . . (September 7, 2009).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 100], "content_span": [101, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0015-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, People's Party nomination, Candidates gallery\nThe Populist platform called for nationalization of the telegraph, telephone, and railroads, free coinage of silver, a graduated income tax, and creation of postal savings banks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 100], "content_span": [101, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0016-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Prohibition Party nomination, Candidates gallery\nThe sixth Prohibition Party National Convention assembled in Music Hall in Cincinnati, Ohio. There were 972 delegates present from all states except Louisiana and South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 103], "content_span": [104, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0017-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Prohibition Party nomination, Candidates gallery\nTwo major stories about the convention loomed before it assembled. In the first place, some members of the national committee sought to merge the Prohibition and Populist Parties. While there appeared a likelihood that the merger would materialize, it was clear that it was not going to happen by the time that the convention convened. Secondly, the southern states sent a number of black delegates. Cincinnati hotels refused to serve meals to blacks and whites at the same time, and several hotels refused service to the black delegates altogether.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 103], "content_span": [104, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0018-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Prohibition Party nomination, Candidates gallery\nThe convention nominated John Bidwell from California for president on the first ballot. Prior to the convention, the race was thought to be close between Bidwell and William Jennings Demorest, but the New York delegation became irritated with Demorest and voted for Bidwell 73\u20137. James B. Cranfill from Texas was nominated for vice-president on the first ballot with 417 votes to 351 for Joshua Levering from Maryland and 45 for others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 103], "content_span": [104, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0019-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Socialist Labor Party nomination\nThe first Socialist Labor Party National Convention assembled in New York City and, despite running on a platform that called for the abolition of the positions of president and vice-president, decided to nominate candidates for those positions: Simon Wing from Massachusetts for president and Charles Matchett from New York for vice-president. They were on the ballot in five states: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 87], "content_span": [88, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0020-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nThe tariff issue dominated this rather lackluster campaign. Harrison defended the protectionist McKinley Tariff passed during his term. For his part, Cleveland assured voters that he opposed absolute free trade and would continue his campaign for a reduction in the tariff. Cleveland also denounced the Lodge Bill, a voting rights bill that sought to protect the rights of African American voters in the South. William McKinley campaigned extensively for Harrison, setting the stage for his own run four years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0021-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nThe campaign took a somber turn when, in October, First Lady Caroline Harrison died. Despite the ill health that had plagued Mrs. Harrison since her youth and had worsened in the last decade, she often accompanied Mr. Harrison on official travels. On one such trip, to California in the spring of 1891, she caught a cold. It quickly deepened into her chest, and she was eventually diagnosed with tuberculosis. A summer in the Adirondack Mountains failed to restore her to health. An invalid the last six months of her life, she died in the White House on October 25, 1892, just two weeks before the national election. As a result, all of the candidates ceased campaigning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0022-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThe margin in the popular vote for Cleveland was 400,000, the largest since Grant's re-election in 1872. The Democrats won the presidency and both houses of Congress for the first time since 1856. President Harrison's re-election bid was a decisive loss in both the popular and electoral count, unlike President Cleveland's re-election bid four years earlier, in which he won the popular vote, but lost the electoral vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0022-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nCleveland was the third of only five presidents to win re-election with a smaller percentage of the popular vote than in previous elections, although in the two prior such incidents \u2014 James Madison in 1812 and Andrew Jackson in 1832 \u2014 not all states held popular elections. Ironically, Cleveland saw his popular support decrease not only from his electoral win in 1884, but also from his electoral loss in 1888. A similar vote decrease would happen again for Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940 and 1944 and Barack Obama in 2012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0023-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nAt the county level, the Democratic candidate fared much better than the Republican candidate. The Republicans' vote was not nearly as widespread as the Democrats. In 1892, it was still a sectionally based party mainly situated in the East, Midwest, and West and was barely visible south of the Mason\u2013Dixon line. In the South, the party was holding on in only a few counties. In East Tennessee and tidewater Virginia, the vote at the county level showed some strength, but it barely existed in Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0024-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nIn a continuation of its collapse there during the 1890 Congressional elections, the Republican Party even struggled in its Midwestern strongholds, where general electoral troubles from economic woes were acutely exacerbated by the promotion of temperance laws and, in Wisconsin and Illinois, the aggressive support of state politicians for English-only compulsory education laws. Such policies, which particularly in the case of the latter were associated with an upwelling of nativist and anti-Catholic attitudes amongst their supporters, resulted in the defection of large sections of immigrant communities, especially Germans, to the Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0024-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nCleveland carried Wisconsin and Illinois with their 36 combined electoral votes, a Democratic victory not seen in those states since 1852 and 1856 respectively, and which would not be repeated until Woodrow Wilson's election in 1912. While not as dramatic a loss as in 1890, it would take until the next election cycle for more moderate Republican leaders to pick up the pieces left by the reformist crusaders and bring alienated immigrants back to the fold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0025-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nOf the 2,683 counties making returns, Cleveland won in 1,389 (51.77%), Harrison carried 1,017 (37.91%), while Weaver placed first in 276 (10.29%). One county (0.04%) split evenly between Cleveland and Harrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0026-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nPopulist James B. Weaver, calling for free coinage of silver and an inflationary monetary policy, received such strong support in the West that he become the only third-party nominee between 1860 and 1912 to carry a single state. The Democratic Party did not have a presidential ticket on the ballot in the states of Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, North Dakota, or Wyoming, and Weaver won the first four of these states. Weaver also performed well in the South as he won counties in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Texas. Populists did best in Alabama, where electoral chicanery probably carried the day for the Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0027-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThe Prohibition ticket received 270,879, or 2.2% nationwide. It was the largest total vote and highest percentage of the vote received by any Prohibition Party national ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0028-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nWyoming, having attained statehood two years earlier, became the first state to allow women to vote in a presidential election since 1804. (Women in New Jersey had the right to vote under the state's original constitution, but this right was rescinded in 1807.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0029-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nWyoming was also one of six states (along with North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Washington, and Idaho) participating in their first presidential election. This was the most new states voting since the first election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0030-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThe election witnessed many states splitting their electoral votes. Electors from the state of Michigan were selected using the congressional district method (the winner in each congressional district wins one electoral vote, the winner of the state wins two electoral votes). This resulted in a split between the Republican and Democratic electors: nine for Harrison and five for Cleveland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0030-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nIn Oregon, the direct election of presidential electors combined with the fact that one Weaver elector was endorsed by the Democratic Party and elected as a Fusionist, resulted in a split between the Republican and Populist electors: three for Harrison and one for Weaver. In California, the direct election of presidential electors combined with the close race resulted in a split between the Republican and Democratic electors: eight for Cleveland and one for Harrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0030-0002", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nIn Ohio, the direct election of presidential electors combined with the close race resulted in a split between the Republican and Democratic electors: 22 for Harrison and one for Cleveland. In North Dakota, two electors from the Democratic-Populist Fusion ticket won and one Republican Elector won. This created a split delegation of electors: one for Weaver, one for Harrison, and one for Cleveland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0031-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThis was the first occasion in which incumbent presidents were defeated in two consecutive elections. This would not happen again until 1980. Harrison's loss also marked the only time until Donald Trump's defeat in 2020 that the Republican Party lost the White House after only one term, and lost the popular vote twice in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0032-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThis was the last election in which the Democrats won California until 1916 (although it voted against the Republicans by supporting the Progressive Party in 1912), and the last in which the Democrats won Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, New Jersey, New York, West Virginia and Wisconsin until 1912.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0033-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Geography of results\nResults by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 80], "content_span": [81, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0034-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results by state\nSource: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836\u20131892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247\u201357.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 76], "content_span": [77, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0035-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nMargin of victory between 1% and 5% (158 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029526-0036-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nMargin of victory between 5% and 10% (101 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029527-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Alabama\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Alabama voters chose eleven electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029527-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Alabama\nAlabama was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois. However, Weaver performed well in the South as he won counties in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Texas. Populists did best in Alabama, where electoral chicanery probably carried the day for the Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029528-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Arkansas voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029528-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nArkansas was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois. This election illustrated the political movement towards the one-party Jim Crow South \u2013 which would cover every county in Arkansas except Unionist Ozark Newton and Searcy. Wealthy white landowners were extremely angry that via the Union Labor Party \u2013 which the state Republicans had endorsed in the 1888 and 1890 gubernatorial elections \u2013 poor blacks and poor whites might be uniting against them. The Democratic Party thus introduced a poll tax that would weigh extremely heavily upon poor Union Labor supporters and also introduced the secret ballot which would make it more difficult for illiterate blacks and poor whites to cast a vote even if they could pay the poll tax.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 872]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029528-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nPopulist Weaver thought he had \u201cmagnificent\u201d chances in the impoverished South, and campaigned heavily there. but as it turned out the halving of the electorate meant he could gain very little support. Weaver was not helped by his controversial decision to take a woman \u2013 Mary Lease \u2013 on his campaigns, as the South thought any political involvement degraded womanhood. Weaver did nonetheless win counties in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029529-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in California\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in California was held on November 8, 1892 as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose nine representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029529-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in California\nIncumbent President Benjamin Harrison\u2019s administration had been plagued by divisions within his party and by controversy over foreign relations, notably with Italy and Chile. In California, Harrison became less popular because it was believed that Senator Leland Stanford was dictating policies in the interest of the Southern Pacific Railroad. Opposition to its power had already spawned several unsuccessful reform movements in California since 1873, and the growing Populist movement also gained substantial support from small farmers in the state\u2019s Central Valley region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029529-0001-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in California\nThe relative weakness of partisan loyalties in California helped give the movement much more influence than in the East, however the much greater urban character of the state\u2019s economy, the diversity of its agricultural sector and the access of its wheat growers \u2013 the basis for Populist victories in the Plains States \u2013 to major ocean ports severely weakened the Populist Party under 1880 Greenback nominee James B. Weaver in California. Consequently California would prove Weaver\u2019s weakest state west of the Missouri River, giving him less than ten percent of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029529-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in California\nCalifornia voted for the Democratic challenger, former president Grover Cleveland, over the Republican incumbent, Benjamin Harrison by an extremely narrow margin of just 147 votes, or a 0.05452% margin, which constitutes the fifth-closest statewide presidential election result on record, behind Florida in 2000, Maryland in 1832 and 1904, and California itself 20 years later in 1912. Because the vote was so close and voters voted for individual electors, the ninth Cleveland elector received fewer votes than one Harrison elector, who was thus elected. This was the second occasion in which California's electoral vote was split, rather than being awarded to a single candidate. The first occasion was in 1880. Such a split would only subsequently occur in California two subsequent times (1896, and 1912).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 864]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029530-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Colorado\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Colorado took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Colorado voters chose four electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029530-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Colorado, Background\nIn its early days as a state, Colorado had like the Plains States to its east been solidly Republican, with that party continuously controlling the legislature and holding the governorship for five of seven terms, despite widespread criticism of the national party for its monetary policy. Because Colorado was the leading silver-producing state in the nation, the policies of the federal government since President Hayes were deeply unpopular with both silver miners and mineowners. Crises emerging in Colorado\u2019s agricultural sector from low wheat prices and a severe drought in 1888 and 1889, combined with the state\u2019s underdevelopment to produce resentment of the Northeast, where the Republican Party\u2019s power base was located.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029530-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Colorado, Background\nThe Populist Party\u2019s platform called for replacing the gold standard with the free coinage of silver at a 16:1 ratio with gold. This meant that outside the Hispanic south-central counties and some parts of the eastern High Plains, support for the Populist movement was extremely strong in the state, even among many conservatives who opposed the Populists\u2019 economic philosophy but were concerned primarily about the silver issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029530-0002-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Colorado, Background\nIn order to achieve success, the newly-formed Populist Party would fuse with the minority Democratic Party, although a proposed slate of electors pledged to national Democratic nominees Grover Cleveland and Adlai Stevenson I was not withdrawn with the instruction to support the Populist nominee James B. Weaver until the last week before the poll, after a long struggle within the state Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029530-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Colorado, Vote\nPolls on election day said Weaver was two-to-one on to carry Colorado, and in the end Weaver and running mate James G. Field carried the state by 15.94 points over the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York. Weaver dominated most of the state, especially the high mountains and West Slope.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 58], "content_span": [59, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029530-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Colorado, Vote\nColorado was one of a handful of states, five in total, that did not feature former and future President Grover Cleveland on their ballots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 58], "content_span": [59, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029531-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029531-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nConnecticut voted for the Democratic nominee, former President Grover Cleveland, who was running for a second, non-consecutive term over incumbent President Republican Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland won the state by a narrow margin of 3.26%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029532-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Delaware\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029532-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Delaware\nDelaware was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029533-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Florida\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Florida voters chose four electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029533-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Florida, Background\nThis election marks the end of Reconstruction and the beginning of Jim Crow-era politics in Florida. This change had been proposed as early as 1884, but the anti-Southern animus of the Harrison regime meant that Florida's large landowners felt the disfranchisement of blacks had become urgent. A poll tax was introduced in 1889 as were the so-called \u201cMyers\u201d and \u201cDortch\u201d laws which required voters in more populous settlements to register their voting precincts. This dramatically cut voter registration amongst blacks and poorer whites, almost halving the number of votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029533-0001-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Florida, Background\nSince Florida completely lacked upland or German refugee whites opposed to secession, its Republican Party between 1872 and 1888 was entirely dependent upon black votes. Thus this disfranchisement of blacks and poor whites by a poll tax introduced in 1889 left Florida as devoid of Republican adherents as Louisiana, Mississippi or South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029533-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Florida, Background\nThus, Florida's few remaining Republicans decided not to put up presidential electors and urged their supported to back Populist James B. Weaver, creating the first case where an incumbent President standing for re-election has not been on all state's ballots. Weaver thought he had \u201cmagnificent\u201d chances in the impoverished South, and campaigned heavily there. but as it turned out the halving of the electorate meant he could gain very little support. Weaver was not helped by his controversial decision to take a woman \u2013 Mary Lease \u2013 on his campaigns, as the South thought any political involvement degraded womanhood. Weaver did nonetheless win counties in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029533-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Florida, Vote\nFlorida was won in a landslide by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois. Weaver took what remained of the Negro Republican vote, but gained less than 14%; nonetheless this is one of only five times in Florida that a candidate other than a Republican or Democrat got over 10% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 57], "content_span": [58, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029534-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Georgia\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the wider United States Presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029534-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote\nFollowing Reconstruction, Georgia would be the first former Confederate state to substantially disenfranchise its newly enfranchised freedmen and many poor whites, doing so in the early 1870s. This largely limited the Republican Party to a few North Georgia counties with substantial Civil War Unionist sentiment \u2013 chiefly Fannin but also to a lesser extent Pickens, Gilmer and Towns \u2013 and in presidential elections to a small number of counties elsewhere where blacks were not fully disenfranchised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 72], "content_span": [73, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029534-0001-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote\nThe Democratic Party served as the guardian of white supremacy against a Republican Party historically associated with memories of Reconstruction, and the main competition became Democratic primaries, which were restricted to whites on the grounds of the Democratic Party being legally a private club. This restriction was done by local county laws, but combined with the highly efficacious cumulative poll tax introduced in 1877 meant that turnout declined steadily throughout the 1880s, unlike any other former Confederate state except South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 72], "content_span": [73, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029534-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote\nHowever, politics after the first demobilization was always chaotic. Third-party movements, chiefly the Populist Party, gained support amongst the remaining poor white and black voters in opposition to the planter elite. Whereas the Republican Party had not contested a statewide election seriously since 1876, the Populists made a significant run for governor in 1892 as they launched the most significant third-party campaign since John Bell in the sectionally divided 1860 election. In Georgia, the Populists would be led by Thomas E. Watson, who had won a seat in Congress in 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 72], "content_span": [73, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029534-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote\nHowever, the strong emphasis by Cleveland and running mate Adlai Stevenson I on opposing the Lodge Force Bill and on reducing tariffs was able to reduce defections to the Populists or the GOP, despite strong opposition in the state to Cleveland\u2019s rigid support for the gold standard against free silver. The Populist influence caused voter turnout to rise substantially \u2013 some believing that many new voters had their poll taxes paid for \u2013 but despite opposition forces gaining more than twice as many votes as in 1888 Cleveland\u2019s margin fell by less than five percent as his opposition was divided. Rather than in the poor white upcountry counties, Weaver actually did best in the northeastern part of the Black Belt where Watson was based and where Populist strength would remain greatest in 1904 and 1908.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 72], "content_span": [73, 881]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029535-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Idaho\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029535-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Idaho, Background\nThis was the first time Idaho participated in a presidential election, having become the 43rd state on July 3, 1890. During its period as a territory Idaho had been divided between a strongly Republican northern half and an anti-Republican Mormon south, which in this first Presidential election was in places (notably Oneida County) still excluded from voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 61], "content_span": [62, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029535-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Idaho, Background\nA wave of strikes in the silver-mining regions and even deeper conflict whereby an idled ore concentrator was destroyed in Gem, was to give the Populists a grip on the Mountain West that was not to be relinquished. Almost all the large number of dissenting farmers in the new state were to join with the silver interests to back Weaver's policies of nationalization of railways and communications, restriction of immigration, shorter working days and direct election of Senators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 61], "content_span": [62, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029535-0002-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Idaho, Background\nAlthough Senator-to-be William Borah campaigned for Harrison under the slogan that \u201ca vote for Weaver was a vote for Cleveland and therefore against their own interests\u201d Weaver's campaign against Republican Governor Norman Bushnell Willey\u2019s declaration of martial law upon the miners, and against the absentee ownership of Idaho's land and water, ensured that these campaigns for Harrison would not be decisive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 61], "content_span": [62, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029535-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Idaho, Vote\nOwing to the unpopularity in the West of his gold standard platform, the Democratic Party decided to not enter a Cleveland ticket in the race and to back Weaver. Idaho was won by the Populist nominees, James B. Weaver of Iowa and his running mate James G. Field of Virginia. Weaver and Field defeated the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 55], "content_span": [56, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029536-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Illinois\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose 24 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029536-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Illinois\nIllinois was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois. This marked the first time a Democratic candidate won Illinois since 1856 when James Buchanan carried the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029537-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Indiana\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Indiana voters chose 15 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029537-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Indiana\nIndiana was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois. Harrison was the first Republican since 1856 to lose their home state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029538-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Iowa\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029538-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Iowa\nIowa was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029539-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Kansas\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Kansas voters chose ten electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029539-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Kansas\nKansas was won by the Populist nominees, James B. Weaver of Iowa and his running mate James G. Field of Virginia. Weaver and Field defeated the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York. This was the first time that a non-Republican had won Kansas\u2019 electoral votes since statehood, and one of only seven times out of thirty-nine that Kansas has not voted Republican in a Presidential Election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029539-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Kansas\nKansas was one of a handful of states, five in total, that did not feature former and future President Grover Cleveland on their ballots: Kansas had been his second weakest state in 1888, garnering only 31.03 percent of the vote. Kansas was also Weaver's fourth strongest state percentage-wise and the state which gave him the most popular votes. Lorenzo D. Lewelling, a fellow Populist, was elected Governor of Kansas, almost perfectly matching Weaver's vote total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029540-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Kentucky voters chose thirteen electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029540-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote\nEver since the Civil War, Kentucky had been shaped politically by divisions created by that war between secessionist, Democratic counties and Unionist, Republican ones, although the state as a whole leaned Democratic throughout this era and the GOP would never carry the state during the Third Party System at either presidential or gubernatorial level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 73], "content_span": [74, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029540-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote\nHowever, at the beginning of the 1890s, the state was hit by a crisis in its farming sector, which was especially severe in its most secessionist region \u2013 the historically slaveholding and dark-tobacco-growing Jackson Purchase which was badly affected by changes in taste amongst the nation\u2019s smokers. That region had been the centre of Greenback revolt over a decade previously, and a continuation of the trends meant that the \u201cKentucky Alliance\u201d was formed in 1887. During the state\u2019s 1891 Constitutional Convention, the Alliance made a number of demands on taxation and labor reform, and sent to the state legislature thirteen men, mostly from the Purchase and Western Coal Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 73], "content_span": [74, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029540-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote\nThe Populist threat, however, would be dissipated by the work of Democratic Vice-Presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson I, whose campaign in the state emphasised the potential impact of the Lodge Force Bill and high tariffs upon the South, and sought to achieve a degree of reconciliation between sections greater than existed in 1890.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 73], "content_span": [74, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029540-0003-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote\nHis extensive tour of the state and warning that a vote for Weaver would be a vote for Republican nominee Benjamin Harrison meant that third-time Democratic nominee Grover Cleveland \u2013 whose stance in favor of the gold standard was unpopular in the South \u2013 would carry the state by almost the same margin as in 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 73], "content_span": [74, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029541-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029541-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nLouisiana was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029542-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Maine\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029542-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Maine\nMaine voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, former President Grover Cleveland, who was running for a second, non-consecutive term. Harrison won the state by a margin of 12.79%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029542-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Maine\nWith 54.05% of the popular vote, Maine would prove to be Harrison's second strongest victory in terms of percentage of the popular vote after Vermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029543-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Maryland\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029543-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Maryland\nMaryland was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029544-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029544-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nMassachusetts voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, former President Grover Cleveland, who was running for a second, non-consecutive term. Harrison won the state by a narrow margin of 6.65%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029544-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nWith 51.87% of the popular vote, Massachusetts would prove to be Harrison's third strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after neighboring Vermont and Maine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029545-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Michigan\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose 14 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029545-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Michigan\nUniquely, this remains the only presidential election where Michigan used the congressional district method of distributing electoral votes rather than the traditional winner-take-all system. The switch was made by the newly elected 1890 Democratic legislature, which had gained control of the state for the first time since before the Civil War. The change was an attempt at boosting Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland's chances of winning a second, nonconsecutive term, who had run in the previous election and won the popular vote, but lost in the electoral college.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029545-0001-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Michigan\nControversial among Republicans, the party fought all the way to the Supreme Court in efforts to prevent it, though were unsuccessful. The split ultimately had no effect in Cleveland's victory, and the system was quickly repealed when Republicans regained control after the election. This is the only instance of Michigan splitting its electoral votes among multiple candidates. A law later passed in 1954 that prohibits faithless electors prevents a similar occurrence, barring a return to the district method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029545-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Michigan\nMichigan was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York. The pair received nine of the state's electoral votes while the Democratic ticket earned five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029545-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Michigan\nCleveland became the first Democratic presidential candidate since Franklin Pierce in 1852 to get electoral votes from Michigan though it wouldn't would send a full slate of Democratic electors to the Electoral College until Franklin Delano Roosevelt won the state in 1932.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029546-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Minnesota voters chose nine electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029546-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nMinnesota was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029546-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nWith 5.31% of the popular vote, Minnesota proved to be Prohibition Party candidate John Bidwell\u2019s best performance as well as the only state where he broke 5% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029547-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Mississippi voters chose nine electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029547-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nMississippi was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois. However, Weaver performed well in the South as he won counties in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Texas. Weaver's win in Chickasaw County was the last time a Democrat lost any county in Mississippi in a statewide election until Herbert Hoover won the Pine Belt counties of Pearl River, Stone and George in 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029548-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Missouri\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose 17 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029548-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Missouri\nMissouri was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029549-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Montana\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Montana took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029549-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Montana\nMontana participated in its first ever presidential election, having become the 41st state on November 8, 1889. The state voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, former President Grover Cleveland, who was running for a second, non-consecutive term and over the People's Party (Populists) nominee James B. Weaver. Harrison won Montana by a margin of 2.65%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029550-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029550-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nNebraska was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York. Harrison and Reid narrowly defeated the Populist nominees, James B. Weaver of Iowa and his running mate James G. Field of Virginia, with national winner and Democratic nominees Grover Cleveland and Adlai Stevenson I a distant third and carrying only Thomas County by plurality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029550-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nAlongside 1908, this is one of only two elections where Nebraska did not vote the same as neighboring Kansas, and Weaver's is the best-ever third party performance in Nebraska presidential election history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029551-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Nevada\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029551-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Nevada\nNevada was won by the Populist nominees, James B. Weaver of Iowa and his running mate James G. Field of Virginia. Weaver and Field defeated the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York. The state constituted the Populist Party's highest margin of victory in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029552-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029552-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nNew Hampshire voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, former President Grover Cleveland, who was running for a second, non-consecutive term. Harrison won New Hampshire by a narrow margin of 4.00%. This would be typical of the 1876 to 1892 period, but the state would turn much more Republican in subsequent elections: Cleveland's victories in Carroll and Co\u00f6s Counties would be the last time a Democrat won any county in the state until 1912.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029552-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nWith 51.11% of the popular vote, New Hampshire would prove to be Harrison's fifth strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after neighboring Vermont, Maine, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029553-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose 10 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029553-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nNew Jersey voted for the Democratic nominee, former President Grover Cleveland, who was running for a second, non-consecutive term, over Republican nominee, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland won his birth state by a narrow margin of 4.43 points. This would be the last occasion the Democrats won Essex County until Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029554-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in New York\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose 36 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029554-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate former Congressman and Assistant Postmaster General Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois. Cleveland and Stevenson defeated the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate U.S. Ambassador to France Whitelaw Reid of Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029554-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in New York\nAlso running a significant campaign that year was the Populist Party candidate, Congressman James B. Weaver of Ohio with his running mate state attorney general James G. Field of Virginia, although Weaver's primarily Western-based campaign did not perform strongly in New York. Despite receiving 8.51% nationally and winning electoral votes from 6 states, Weaver finished in fifth place in New York State, with only 1.23% of the vote, behind fourth-place Socialist Labor candidate Simon Wing\u2019s 1.34%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029554-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in New York\nCleveland carried New York State with 48.99% of the vote to Harrison's 45.58%, a victory margin of 3.41%. In a distant third came the Prohibition Party candidate John Bidwell with 2.86%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029554-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York weighed in for this election as less than one percentage point more Democratic than the national average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029554-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in New York\nThe Democratic win of New York\u2019s electoral votes marked a personal comeback for Grover Cleveland in his home state, as he had narrowly won the state in his initial 1884 presidential campaign, but a narrow defeat here in 1888 had cost him the 1888 presidential election, partially the result of strong opposition to Cleveland from the Tammany Hall machine which dominated New York politics at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029554-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in New York\nCleveland\u2019s relatively narrow statewide victory relied heavily on a strong margin of victory in New York City, receiving more than 60% of the vote in New York County along with victories in Kings County, Queens County, and Richmond County. Cleveland also won nearby Westchester County and Rockland County. Harrison fared better upstate, where he won most counties, although Cleveland carried several upstate counties including Erie County, home to the city of Buffalo, and Albany County, home to the state capital of Albany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029555-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. North Carolina voters chose 11 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029555-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nNorth Carolina was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029556-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in North Dakota\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in North Dakota took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029556-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in North Dakota\nNorth Dakota participated in its first presidential election, having been admitted as the 39th state on November 2, 1889. The state was won by the Populist nominees, James B. Weaver of Iowa and his running mate James G. Field of Virginia. However, the state Democratic Party also endorsed the Weaver/Field ticket in exchange for the Populists supporting Democratic candidates for local offices, creating a fusion ticket. Weaver and Field defeated the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029556-0001-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in North Dakota\nTwo electors from the Democratic-Populist Fusion ticket won and one Republican Elector won on a technicality during counting. This created a split delegation of electors: one for Weaver, one for Harrison, and one for national Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland, who was not separately on the ballot. This is the only time in a US presidential election that a state has equally distributed its electoral votes between three candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029557-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Ohio\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Ohio was held on November 8, 1892. State voters chose 23 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029557-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Ohio\nOhio was narrowly won by the Republican Party candidate, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison, with 47.66% of the popular vote. The Democratic Party candidate, former President Grover Cleveland, garnered 47.53% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029557-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Ohio\nThis was the last time until 2020 that an incumbent president won the state while losing re-election nationally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029558-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Oregon\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose four electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029558-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Oregon\nOregon was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York. The direct election of Presidential Electors combined with the fact that one Weaver elector was endorsed by the Democratic Party and elected as a Fusionist, resulted in a split between the Republican and Populist electors: three for Harrison and one for Weaver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029559-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose 32 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029559-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nPennsylvania voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, former President Grover Cleveland, who was running for a second, non-consecutive term. Harrison won Pennsylvania by a margin of 6.36%; however, this remains the last occasion a Democratic candidate has ever won northeastern Wayne County, which had regularly voted Democratic during the Third Party System.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029559-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nWith 51.45% of the popular vote, Pennsylvania would prove to be Harrison's fourth strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont, Maine and Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029560-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029560-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nRhode Island voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, former President Grover Cleveland, who was running for a second, non-consecutive term. Harrison won the state by a narrow margin of 4.96%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029561-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose 9 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029561-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nSouth Carolina voted for the Democratic nominee, former President Grover Cleveland, who was running for a second, non-consecutive term, over Republican nominee, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland won the state by a landslide margin of 58.63%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029562-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in South Dakota\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in South Dakota took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose four electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029562-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in South Dakota\nSouth Dakota participated in its first ever presidential election, having been admitted as the 40th state on November 2, 1889. The state was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York. Harrison and Reid defeated the Independent nominees, James B. Weaver of Iowa and his running mate James G. Field of Virginia and the Democratic candidates, former (and future) President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029562-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in South Dakota\nHarrison won the state by a margin of 11.84 percentage points, becoming both the first Republican presidential candidate and first ever presidential candidate to win the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029563-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose twelve electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029563-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nFor over a century after the Civil War, Tennessee\u2019s white citizenry was divided according to partisan loyalties established in that war. Unionist regions covering almost all of East Tennessee, Kentucky Pennyroyal-allied Macon County, and the five West Tennessee Highland Rim counties of Carroll, Henderson, McNairy, Hardin and Wayne voted Republican \u2013 generally by landslide margins \u2013 as they saw the Democratic Party as the \u201cwar party\u201d who had forced them into a war they did not wish to fight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029563-0001-0001", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nContrariwise, the rest of Middle and West Tennessee who had supported and driven the state\u2019s secession was equally fiercely Democratic as it associated the Republicans with Reconstruction. After the state\u2019s white landowning class re-established its rule in the early 1870s, black and Unionist white combined to forge adequate support for the GOP to produce a competitive political system for two decades, although during this era the Republicans could only capture statewide offices when the Democratic Party was divided on this issue of payment of state debt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029563-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nWhite Democrats in West Tennessee were always aiming to eliminate black political influence, which they first attempted to do by election fraud in the middle 1880s and did so much more successfully at the end of the decade by instituting in counties with significant black populations a secret ballot that prevented illiterates voting, and a poll tax throughout the state. This largely eradicated Republican support in secessionist areas as freedmen became no longer able to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029563-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background and vote\nAt the time of the next presidential election, third-time Democratic nominee Grover Cleveland was extremely concerned with the lack of loyalty to the gold standard by Tennessee Democrats and the growing influence of the James B. Weaver-led Populist Party over the state, especially after Governor John P. Buchanan joined the Populists and ran for re-election under that party\u2019s banner However, the strong emphasis by Cleveland and running mate Adlai Stevenson I on opposing the Lodge Force Bill and on reducing tariffs was able to minimise defections to the Populists or the GOP \u2013 which with large Unionist areas was even with incomplete black disenfranchisement more viable than in any other ex-Confederate state. Stevenson\u2019s extensive tour of Tennessee and his campaign against the Populists ensured that the state was won comfortably against incumbent President and Republican nominee Benjamin Harrison, whose vote total declined by thirty-eight thousand or over a quarter due to the loss of black voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 74], "content_span": [75, 1083]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029564-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Texas\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Texas voters chose 15 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029564-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Texas\nTexas was won by the Democratic nominees, Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029564-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Texas\nAlthough Harrison received less than 20% of the statewide vote, as of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last time Starr County has voted for a Republican presidential candidate, the longest unbroken Democratic voting streak in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029565-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Vermont\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029565-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Vermont\nVermont voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, former President Grover Cleveland, who was running for a second, non-consecutive term. Harrison won Vermont by a margin of 38.83%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029565-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Vermont\nWith 68.09% of the popular vote, Vermont would be Harrison's strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029566-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Virginia\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029566-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Virginia\nVirginia voted for the Democratic candidate, former President Grover Cleveland over the Republican candidate, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland won the state by a margin of 17.46%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029567-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Washington (state)\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Washington took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029567-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Washington (state)\nWashington participated in its first ever presidential election, having become the 42nd state on November 11, 1889. The state voted for the Republican incumbent president, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic candidate and former president, Grover Cleveland by a margin of 6,658 votes, or a 7.57% margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029568-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. West Virginia voters chose six electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029568-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nWest Virginia was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029569-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 8, 1892 as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Wisconsin voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029569-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nDemocratic Party candidate Grover Cleveland won Wisconsin with 47.72 percent of the popular vote, winning the state's twelve electoral votes. As a result of his win, Cleveland became the first Democratic presidential candidate since Franklin Pierce in 1852 to win Wisconsin. No Democrat would win Wisconsin again until Woodrow Wilson in 1912.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029570-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Wyoming\nThe 1892 United States presidential election in Wyoming took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029570-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 United States presidential election in Wyoming\nWyoming participated in its first ever presidential election, having become the 44th state on July 10, 1890. The state was won by President Benjamin Harrison (R\u2013Indiana), the 28th United States Ambassador to France Whitelaw Reid, with 50.52 percent of the popular vote, against representative James B. Weaver (P\u2013Iowa), running with the Attorney General of Virginia, James G. Field, with 46.14 percent of the popular vote. Grover Cleveland was not on the ballot in Wyoming because his supporters fused with Weaver in an effort to deny Harrison Wyoming's electoral votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029571-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 University of Utah football team\nThe 1892 University of Utah football season was the first season in history for the University of Utah football team. The team played three games and compiled a 1\u20132 record. However, only one game counts in official NCAA records so their official record is 0\u20131. Utah lost to Utah Agricultural College (now Utah State University) 12\u20130 in the first game of what is now known as the Battle of the Brothers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029572-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Utah Agricultural Aggies football team\nThe 1892 Utah Agricultural Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah Agricultural College (later renamed Utah State University) during the 1892 college football season. In their first season of intercollegiate football, the Aggies compiled a 1\u20130 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029572-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Utah Agricultural Aggies football team\nOn November 25, 1892, the Aggies played the University of Utah football team at Logan, Utah with the Aggies prevailing by a 12-0 score. The game was the first intercollegiate football game in program history for both schools. The game began at 3 p.m. on a muddy field that had been partially cleared of snow. After a scoreless first half, Garf ran for the first touchdown in Aggies history, and F. Olsen kicked the goal from touchdown. The Salt Lake Tribune wrote that \"probably no finer exhibition of manly sport was ever witnessed in this part of the country\", and reported that no one was injured in the game \"except for a few sprains.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029572-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Utah Agricultural Aggies football team\nThe team's lineup against Utah was Harry Sanborn at fullback, George Hughes at right halfback, F. Olsen at left halfback, Claude Raybould at quarterback, Walter Croft at right end, Frank Crittenden at left end, John Bimher at right tackle, Lynne Ashton at left tackle, George Garf at right guard, Blaine Olsen at left end, Robert Erwin at center rush, and Carl Allison at substitute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029572-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Utah Agricultural Aggies football team\nAfter their victory over Utah, the Aggies did not participate in another intercollegiate football team until 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029573-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 VAMC football team\nThe 1892 VAMC football team represented Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in the 1892 college football season. The team was led by their head coach E. A. Smyth. In what was the inaugural season of Virginia Tech football, the team finished with a record of one win and one loss (1\u20131).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029573-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 VAMC football team\nOn October 21, 1892, the first game ever played in Blacksburg, Virginia was against St. Albans Lutheran Boys School from Radford, Virginia. The game was a 14\u201310 victory for VAMC and William E. Anderson scored the first touchdown in Virginia Tech football history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029573-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 VAMC football team, Background\nThe first college football game was played on November 6, 1869, between Rutgers and the College of New Jersey. Although the sport continued to grow, it was not introduced for another 23 years at VAMC. In September 1891, VAMC President John McBryde approved an athletic association for the college. Later that fall, a group of students gathered in a field behind the Number One Barracks (now Lane Hall) to play the first pick-up games of football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029573-0002-0001", "contents": "1892 VAMC football team, Background\nIn September 1892, with the help of Biology Professor Ellison Adger Smyth (known as the father of modern football at Virginia Tech), Physics Professor William E. Anderson, and cadets H. B. Pratt and John Walter Stull, a call went out for cadet players and two teams were formed, which would become Virginia Tech's first football squad. Smyth served as coach of the team and Anderson was chosen as captain. They had to go to the barracks every day and ask cadets to participate, since most of the players who were assigned to the second team felt that they had been insulted and refused to return to practice on the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029573-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 VAMC football team, Background\nPractices (and the first home game) were held in a plowed wheat field, located behind Number Four Barracks (near present-day Shanks Hall) that was \"about as level as a side of Brush Mountain\" and \"not as smooth as the bed of the new Blacksburg railroad, but ran up and down hill, with interesting little hollows with hid the play from spectators on the other side of the field.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029573-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 VAMC football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1892 football team according to the roster published in the 1903 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook. The roster is also found in the Virginia Tech University Archives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029573-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 VAMC football team, Season summary, St. Albans\nIn what was the first ever game played by Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, a team from St. Albans Lutheran Boys School in Radford, Virginia lost to VAMC 14\u201310 in Blacksburg, Virginia on October 21, 1892. William E. Anderson scored the first touchdown in Virginia Tech football history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029573-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 VAMC football team, Season summary, At St. Albans\nThe second and final game of the season was also against St. Albans Lutheran Boys School and played in Radford. St. Albans led 10\u20130 at the end of the first half and then the second half was call off with consent of both teams' captains, due to \"continued disputes and disagreements.\" A newspaper article of the time states that the game was \"declared off at the end of the first pass.\". Another newspaper article cites the score as 12\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029573-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 VAMC football team, Season summary, Roanoke game\nVAMC attempted to schedule a game with Roanoke College, but they were unsuccessful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 53], "content_span": [54, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029574-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 VFA season\nThe 1892 Victorian Football Association season was the 16th season of the Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029574-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 VFA season\nThe premiership was won by the Essendon Football Club, which finished with a record of 15 wins, 1 draw and 3 losses from 19 matches. It was Essendon's second consecutive premiership, out of a sequence of four consecutive premierships won from 1891 to 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029574-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 VFA season, Association membership\nThe size of the Association premiership increased to thirteen senior clubs in 1892, with the newly established Collingwood Football Club competing for the first time. The club was formed from the Britannia Football Club, which had been a leading junior club in the Collingwood area since the establishment of the VFA in 1877, and had applied to enter the VFA since 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029574-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 VFA season, Ladder\nTeams did not play a uniform number of premiership matches during the season. As such, in the final standings, each team's premiership points were adjusted upwards proportionally to represent a 21-match season \u2013 e.g., Essendon played 19 matches, so its tally of premiership points was increased by a factor of 21/19. After this adjustment, there was no formal process for breaking a tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029575-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 VMI Keydets football team\nThe 1892 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in their second season of organized football. The Keydets went 4\u20130\u20131, a game better than they were the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029576-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Vacaville\u2013Winters earthquakes\nThe 1892 Vacaville\u2013Winters earthquakes occurred in northern California as a large doublet on April 19 and April 21. Measured on a seismic scale that is based on an isoseismal map or the event's felt area, the 6.4 Mla and 6.2 Mla\u202f events were assigned a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), and affected the North Bay and Central Valley areas. The total damage was estimated to be between $225,000 and 250,000 and one person was killed. No evidence of fault movement on the surface of the ground was observed as a result of either of the strong shocks. Both occurred in the domain of the San Andreas strike-slip system of faults, but their focal mechanism is uncertain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029576-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Vacaville\u2013Winters earthquakes, Tectonic setting\nThe primary tectonic feature of the region is the strike-slip San Andreas system of faults (that move laterally alongside one another). From west to east, the Hayward\u2013Rogers Creek Fault Zone and the Concord\u2013Green Valley Faults are the closest to Vacaville and Winters. A 1999 forecast stated that the Hayward and Rogers Creek Faults have been given a 32% chance of a M6.7 or greater shock before 2030, and the Concord and Green Valley Faults have been assigned a lower probability of 6% each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029576-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Vacaville\u2013Winters earthquakes, Tectonic setting\nVacaville and Winters both lie to the east of these faults along the low foothills. Numerous geoscientists have remarked on the potential for blind thrust earthquakes in this area. These professionals specifically labelled it the Coast Range\u2013Sierran Block Boundary Zone in a sequence of published articles from the 1980s and 1990s and stated that the 1983 Coalinga earthquake (a blind thrust event) occurred within the zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029576-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Vacaville\u2013Winters earthquakes, Earthquakes\nEach large shock in the doublet, one on April 19 and the other two days later on April 21, had a high intensity and was felt over roughly the same geographical area. The area over which the initial shock was felt with an intensity of VIII (Severe) was about 1,100\u00a0km2 and the area for the second shock was about 890\u00a0km2. The furthest extent that they were felt was from Redding in the north to Salinas and Fresno in the south and to Virginia City, Nevada in the east.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 47], "content_span": [48, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029576-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Vacaville\u2013Winters earthquakes, Earthquakes\nInvestigators completed a study of the area that included a three dimensional crustal velocity model. Proprietary seismic reflection data were also inspected in an attempt to establish a source for the sequence. Observations of the range front and modelling of strong ground motions led to the presentation of a 17\u00a0km (11\u00a0mi) rupture on the west-dipping Gordon Valley blind thrust fault that could have produced the felt intensities that were specific to the April 19 event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 47], "content_span": [48, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029576-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Vacaville\u2013Winters earthquakes, Earthquakes, Damage\nThe shocks affected Solano and Yolo Counties along the border of the Sacramento Valley. In the north, the communities of Esparto and Capay both experienced Mercalli intensities of VIII (Severe)\u2014which is associated with damage\u2014and in the south, Vacaville and Fairfield both experienced the same. Work by seismologist Toussan Toppozada, that was published in a 1981 report, further clarified that Vacaville was at the center of the destruction. Damage also occurred at Dixon as well as the area of the highest reported intensity of IX (Violent), midway between Winters and Vacaville, at Allendale. There, some buildings were damaged, some collapsed, and 1.6\u00a0km (1\u00a0mi) long ground fissures were observed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029576-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Vacaville\u2013Winters earthquakes, Earthquakes, Damage\nThese widespread and north-trending cracks were very narrow, from 2.5\u20137.6 centimeters (1\u20133\u00a0in) in width. Despite these surface cracks and other offset drainages and other lineaments, no surface faulting occurred. This was confirmed by trench excavations where these features were found. Other ground effects occurred though. Reports of rockslides and dislodged boulders were written about in the newspapers, but the most common type of damage were the many chimneys that were damaged or destroyed. Total damage was estimated between $225,000 and $250,000, and one person was reported dead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029576-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Vacaville\u2013Winters earthquakes, Earthquakes, Intensity\nAn isoseismal map for the April 19 event shows an asymmetrical and slightly elongated pattern of isoseismal lines (of equal intensity) on the north\u2013south axis. There are high intensities east of the Napa\u2013Solano county border. No locations in Napa county reached any higher than intensity VI (Strong), indicating that the shock originated east of the Vaca Mountains. The April 21 event differed slightly, in that the strongest effects were shifted slightly to the northwest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029577-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1892 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1892 college football season. The team's head coach and team captain was Elliott H. Jones, who served his third and last season in that capacity. This was the first year for Vandy and University of Tennessee to play football also the first year to play at (Old) Dudley Field. The 1892 team was the oldest in the memory of Grantland Rice. He claimed Phil Connell then would be a good player in any era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029578-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Varuna Boat Club of Bay Ridge football team\nThe 1892 Varuna Boat Club of Bay Ridge football team was an American football team that represented the Varuna Boating Club of the Bay Ridge area of Brooklyn, New York during the 1892 college football season. The Boating Club, which had established a football program in 1886, compiled a 9\u20133 record against an assortment of semi-professional and collegiate teams. The final two contests for the Varunas (as the team was otherwise known) were played at Madison Square Garden against the Manhattan and Orange Athletic Clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029579-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 6, 1892. Incumbent Republican Carroll S. Page, per the \"Mountain Rule\", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Levi K. Fuller defeated Democratic candidate B. B. Smalley to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029580-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1892 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia in the 1892 college football season. The team was led by first-year coach William C. Spicer. The team posted a 3\u20132\u20131 record to claim a Southern championship, though it split two games with co-champion North Carolina. Those games with UNC mark the beginning of the South's Oldest Rivalry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029581-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Wake Forest Baptists football team\nThe 1892 Wake Forest Baptists football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest College during the 1892 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029582-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Washington & Jefferson football team\nThe 1892 Washington & Jefferson football team was an American football team that represented Washington & Jefferson College as an independent during the 1892 college football season. Led by J. J. Clark in his first and only year as head coach, the team compiled a record of 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029583-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Washington Senators season\nThe 1892 Washington Senators season was a season in American professional baseball. The team, which had played in the now-defunct American Association in 1891 as the Washington Statesmen, was purchased by J. Earl Wagner and moved to the National League for the 1892 season. In a split season schedule, the Senators finished seventh in the first half of the season and last in the second half. Overall, the team had a record of 58\u201393, 10th-best in the 12-team National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029583-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029583-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029583-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029583-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029584-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Washington football team\nThe 1892 Washington football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1892 college football season. In its first season under W. B. Goodwin, the 1892 Washington team played two games, both against the Seattle Athletic Club. Washington lost the first game, 28\u20130, and won the second game, 14\u20130. The victory in the second game was the program's first win. Otto Collings was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029585-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Washington gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 Washington gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029585-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Washington gubernatorial election\nRepublican nominee John McGraw defeated Democratic nominee Henry J. Snively and Populist nominee Cyrus W. Young, with 37.01% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029586-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1892 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1892, to elect the governor of West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029587-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Western Maryland Green Terror football team\nThe 1892 Western Maryland Green Terror football team was an American football team that represented Western Maryland College (now known as McDaniel College) as an independent during the 1892 college football season. They played one game, a 10\u201310 tie against Baltimore City High School. It was the second season in school history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team\nThe 1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team was an American football team that represented the Western University of Pennsylvania (now known as the University of Pittsburgh) as an independent during the 1892 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap\nThe Western University of Pennsylvania Athletic Association, with halfback William Gill as president, set up a seven-game schedule for the 1892 football season. The team, led by captain Bert Smyers, compiled a 4\u20132 record and was outscored by a total of 46 to 38.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 67], "content_span": [68, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at East End Gymnasium\nThe opening game was against the East End Gymnasium Club team. The Pittsburgh Dispatch claimed 2500 fans watched the struggle at the East Enders field. The Pittsburgh Press had the crowd size at 500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 92], "content_span": [93, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at East End Gymnasium\nThe fleet backs of East End (Valentine, Martin, Proctor and Aull) were able to skirt the ends of the WUP defense and score three touchdowns in the first half. The East Enders outweighed the WUPs by at least 10 pounds per man, but the University boys played hard and kept the score a respectable 16\u20130. The defensive play of Neale and DuBarry for the WUPs allowed them to not give up a second-half score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 92], "content_span": [93, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at East End Gymnasium\nThe opening-day lineup for the WUP team was Meckling (center), Thomas (right guard), Samuel Hill (left guard), Joe Trees (right tackle), George Neale (left tackle), Ted Boden (right end), Dudley DuBarry (left end), J. Boyce (right halfback), Floyd Rose (left halfback), Gardner Steele (fullback) and Bert Smyers (captain/quarterback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 92], "content_span": [93, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Washington & Jefferson (cancelled)\nThe second game was scheduled against the Washington & Jefferson. This game was cancelled due to the death of Washington & Jefferson player William Lyons. He was injured in practice and never recovered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 108], "content_span": [109, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Geneva\nOn October 15 in Beaver Falls the WUPs narrowly defeated the Geneva Covenanters. After a scoreless first half, the Covies finally broke through the WUP defense and scored a touchdown with twelve minutes left to play. The goal kick after was unsuccessful. The WUP offense then advanced the ball down the field and Captain Bert Smyers scored with five minutes left on the clock. Thomas booted the goal after to put WUP ahead 6\u20134. The frustrated partisan Geneva crowd of about 1500 proceeded to get rowdy. They started to interfere with the game action and caused havoc for the officials in the final five minutes. In spite of the late game commotion, the Western University boys managed to go home with a 6\u20134 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 80], "content_span": [81, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Geneva\nThe WUP lineup for the Geneva game was Meckling (center), Thomas (right guard), Samuel Hill (left guard), Joe Trees (right tackle), George Neale (left tackle), Ted Boden (left end), Harvey Evans (right end), J. Boyce (left halfback), William Gill (right halfback), George Calvert (fullback) and Bert Smyers (captain/quarterback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 80], "content_span": [81, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Kiskiminitas School\nOn October 21 the WUP football team stopped in Loyalhanna, Pennsylvania, to play Kiskiminetas as a warmup game prior to playing Indiana Normal. The WUPs managed to secure a 12\u20130 victory in easy fashion and proceeded to Indiana, Pa. for a game the very next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 93], "content_span": [94, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Indiana Normal\nOn October 22 the football elevens of the WUP and Indiana Normal squared off in Indiana, Pa. . The offense of each team was able to advance the ball but no scoring occurred until twenty minutes into the game. The WUP backs, Gill and Calvert, gained yards and finally WUP scored a touchdown. Boden missed the goal after and the halftime score stood at 4\u20130 in favor of Western U.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 88], "content_span": [89, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Indiana Normal\nThe WUP scored another touchdown early in the second half but again Boden failed on the goal kick. Then the Normal offense led by Fiscus and Campbell proceeded to march down the field and score a touchdown. Campbell kicked the goal after and the final score read 8\u20136 in favor of Western University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 88], "content_span": [89, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Indiana Normal\nThe game was fierce and injuries occurred. One of the Calvert boys suffered a concussion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 88], "content_span": [89, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Indiana Normal\nThe WUP lineup for the Indiana Normal game was Meckling (center),  Samuel Hill (left guard), Harry Calvert (right guard), Joe Trees (right tackle), George Neale (left tackle),  Harvey Evans (right end), Thomas (left end), William Gill (right halfback), George Calvert (left halfback), Ted Boden (fullback) and Bert Smyers (captain/quarterback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 88], "content_span": [89, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Greensburg Athletic Association\nOn October 29 the game of football between the Western University and the Greensburg Athletic Association team played on the Greensburg field was a defensive struggle. WUP left end Evans recovered a fumble by Bovard of Greensburg to score a touchdown late in the first half. The goal kick by Neale was good and the score at halftime stood WUP 6 \u2013 Greensburg 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 105], "content_span": [106, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Greensburg Athletic Association\nThe second half was a continuation of the battle of defenses. The Greensburg eleven managed a safety late in the game for 2 points to make the final score 6\u20132 in favor of the Western University eleven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 105], "content_span": [106, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0015-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Greensburg Athletic Association\nThe revised WUP lineup for the Greensburg game was Mechling (center), Edward House (right guard), Samuel Hill (left guard), George Neale (left tackle), Frank Rhea (right tackle), Harvey Evans (left end), Ted Boden (right end), William Gill (left halfback), Joe Sauers (right halfback), Thomas (fullback) and Bert Smyers (quarterback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 105], "content_span": [106, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0016-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Washington & Jefferson\nThe Western University eleven closed their 1892 season with a trip to Washington, Pennsylvania, to battle Washington & Jefferson . Six minutes into the game,the WUPs fumbled and Fiscus recovered for the Washington & Jefferson  and scampered for a touchdown. Rhen kicked the goal after and Washington & Jefferson led 6\u20130. The WUPs advanced the ball downfield, but the Washington & Jefferson defense stiffened. W&J again moved the ball but fumbled. WUP left end Boden recovered the pigskin and ran into the end zone for the score. Boden also kicked the goal after to tie the game. Two plays later Freeman Clark, W & J halfback, plowed through the WUP defense and scored. Rhen again kicked the goal after to put Washington & Jefferson ahead 12\u20136. The WUPs had to make a goal line stand to keep the score 12\u20136 at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 96], "content_span": [97, 915]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0017-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Washington & Jefferson\nEarly in the second half, Washington & Jefferson scored on a run by Aiken and Rhen came through with the goal after to make the score 18\u20136. The rest of the game was a defensive struggle, with Washington & Jefferson again near the goal line as time expired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 96], "content_span": [97, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0018-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Washington & Jefferson\nThe WUP lineup for the Washington & Jefferson game was Mechling (center), Edward House (left guard), Samuel Hill (right guard), George Neale (left tackle), Joe Trees (right tackle), Harvey Evans (right end), Ted Boden (left end), William Gill (right halfback), Joe Sauers (left halfback), Thomas (fullback) and Bert Smyers (quarterback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 96], "content_span": [97, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029588-0019-0000", "contents": "1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Roster\nThe roster of the 1892 Western University of Pennsylvania football team:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 61], "content_span": [62, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029589-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1892 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 27 June until 7 July. It was the 16th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1892. From this year, all events (singles and doubles) were played concurrently.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029589-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Gentlemen's Doubles\nHarry Barlow /  Ernest Lewis defeated  Herbert Baddeley /  Wilfred Baddeley, 4\u20136, 6\u20132, 8\u20136, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029590-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Doubles\nHarry Barlow and Ernest Lewis defeated Harold Mahony and Joshua Pim 8\u201310, 6\u20133, 5\u20137, 11\u20139, 6\u20131 in the All Comers' Final, and then defeated the reigning champions Herbert Baddeley and Wilfred Baddeley 4\u20136, 6\u20132, 8\u20136, 6\u20134 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1892 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029591-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Singles\nJoshua Pim defeated Ernest Lewis 2\u20136, 5\u20137, 9\u20137, 6\u20133, 6\u20132 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champion Wilfred Baddeley defeated Pim 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20133, 6\u20132 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1892 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029592-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Ladies' Singles\nBlanche Hillyard defeated Maud Shackle 6\u20131, 6\u20134 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champion Lottie Dod defeated Bingley Hillyard 6-1, 6-1 in the Challenge Round to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1892 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029593-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1892 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1892 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029594-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 World Series\nThe 1892 World Series followed the first split season in National League history, with the first-half champion Boston Beaneaters (102\u201348) playing the second-half champion Cleveland Spiders (93\u201356) in a best-of-nine postseason series to determine the overall champion of the 1892 baseball season. After the first game ended in a 0\u20130 tie due to darkness, Boston won the next five games to win the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029594-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 World Series\nContemporary newspaper reports referred to the games as the \"world's championship series\" or \"World's Series\". This was the last of the pre-modern-era World Series, and followed similar annual postseason competitions held from 1884 to 1890 between the champions of the National League and the American Association (which collapsed after the 1891 season). Later, the Temple Cup would be awarded to the winner of an annual postseason series between National League teams, from 1894 to 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029594-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 World Series, Background\nBoston manager Frank Selee worried that late-October weather conditions would lead to postponements and low attendance. Cleveland's player-manager Patsy Tebeau suggested that \"the [Boston] Beaneaters fear the humiliation of possible defeat.\" Tebeau told Sporting Life that the cold weather was a \"dodge \u2026 simply an excuse to avoid playing Cleveland.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029594-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 World Series, Background\nBookies had the Spiders as the favorite, due to their pitching staff. Cy Young had gone 36\u201312 in 49 starts, with a 1.93 earned-run average. Meanwhile, Boston star Mike \"King\" Kelly had a batting average of only .189 for the year, and was described as \"one of the biggest failures of the base ball season.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029594-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 World Series, Series summary\nHugh Duffy of Boston batted .462 with nine runs batted in and six extra-base hits including a home run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029594-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 World Series, Series summary\nHad the series required more than six games to complete, the remaining games would have been played in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029594-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 World Series, Game summaries, Game 1\nThe first game, which had started at three o'clock, had gone 11 scoreless innings when it was stopped at five o'clock due to darkness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029594-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 World Series, Game summaries, Game 4\nAfter a travel day for the teams, the series moved to Boston with the Beaneaters leading, two games to none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029594-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 World Series, Game summaries, Game 5\nJohn Clarkson started for Cleveland in place of Cy Young, who complained of a \"lame arm\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029594-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 World Series, Game summaries, Game 6\nAfter an off-day (professional baseball games were not allowed on Sundays in Boston until 1929) the Beaneaters won their fifth game of the series to capture the championship. The 13 players on their roster split $1000 prize money.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029594-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 World Series, Aftermath\nThe National League abolished the split season format for 1893, and did not play another split season until 1981, which was caused by a players' strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029594-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 World Series, Aftermath\nMultiple participants in the series were later inducted to the National Baseball Hall of Fame:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029594-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 World Series, Aftermath\nJohn Clarkson had started the season with the Beaneaters, and signed with the Spiders after being released at the end of June. Pitcher Lee Viau also played for both Boston and Cleveland during 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029594-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 World Series, Aftermath\nThe Beaneaters were later known as the Doves (1907\u20131910) and the Rustlers (1911) before adopting the nickname of \"Braves\" in 1912. The franchise relocated to Milwaukee in 1953, and then moved to Atlanta in 1966, where they remain members of the National League as the Atlanta Braves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029594-0013-0001", "contents": "1892 World Series, Aftermath\nThe Spiders' final season was 1899, when they compiled a record of 20\u2013134 (establishing a longstanding record for the worst major league season) after ownership moved their best players to the St. Louis Cardinals, and were one of four teams contracted out of the National League when the league reduced its size to eight teams prior to the 1900 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029595-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Wyoming Seminary vs. Mansfield State Normal football game\nThe 1892 Wyoming Seminary vs. Mansfield State Normal football game, played September 28, 1892, was the first-ever American football game played at night. The game was played between Wyoming Seminary (a private college preparatory school located in the Wyoming Valley of Northeastern Pennsylvania) and Mansfield State Normal School in Mansfield, Pennsylvania. During the time period, it was common for a college and high school to play each other in football\u2014a practice that has long since been discontinued.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029595-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Wyoming Seminary vs. Mansfield State Normal football game, Game summary\nThe lighting system brought in turned out to be inadequate for gameplay. The game itself lasted only 20 minutes and there were only 10 plays. Both sides agreed to end at halftime with a 0\u20130 tie after several players had an unfortunate run-in with a light pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 76], "content_span": [77, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029595-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Wyoming Seminary vs. Mansfield State Normal football game, References in modern culture, Annual reenactment\nThis historic game is celebrated by a yearly reenactment of the original game played between Wyoming Seminary and Mansfield State Normal School during an autumn festival known as the \"Fabulous 1890s Weekend.\" The re-enactment of the game is a play-by-play version of the actual game as recorded. Fans who watch the game are sometimes known to correct players when they deviate from the original recorded plays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 112], "content_span": [113, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029595-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Wyoming Seminary vs. Mansfield State Normal football game, References in modern culture, 100th anniversary\nThe 100th anniversary of the game happened to occur on Monday, September 28, 1992. Monday Night Football celebrated \"100 years of night football\" with a game between the Los Angeles Raiders and the Kansas City Chiefs at Arrowhead Stadium. The Chiefs won 27\u20137 in front of 77,486 fans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [64, 111], "content_span": [112, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029596-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Wyoming gubernatorial special election\nThe 1892 Wyoming gubernatorial special election was held on November 6, 1892. Republican Governor Francis E. Warren, who was elected in 1890, resigned several weeks into his term after being elected to the U.S. Senate by the state legislature, elevating Secretary of State Amos W. Barber to the governorship and triggering a special election for the balance of Warren's term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029596-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Wyoming gubernatorial special election\nThe Republican Party nominated banker Edward Ivinson for Governor and Democrats nominated former State Representative and former Rawlins Mayor John E. Osborne. In an election that was largely defined by the Johnson County War, in which cattle companies, supported by the state's Republican establishment, attacked alleged rustlers and homesteaders in the Powder River Country. The Republican support for the Wyoming Stock Growers Association severely hurt the party's performance across the state, as Osborne centered his campaign around his opposition to the invasion. Osborne defeated Ivinson by a wide margin, Democrats won a majority in the Wyoming Legislature, and Republican Benjamin Harrison barely won the state in the 1892 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 798]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029596-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Wyoming gubernatorial special election, Party conventions\nPrior to the adoption of Wyoming's primary law in 1911, the political parties nominated their candidates for office by convention. Both the Democratic and Republican conventions were hotly contested and drawn-out. As the Democratic convention started, two candidates were seen as the frontrunners: former State Senator Leopold Kabis and J. J. Hart. During the convention, Kabis, Hart, and former State Senator William H. Holliday earned strong support and were unwilling to yield, resulting in more than thirty ballots without a nominee. On the thirty-seventh ballot, Kabis withdrew from consideration and Osborne emerged as a compromise candidate, winning the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 62], "content_span": [63, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029596-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Wyoming gubernatorial special election, Party conventions\nAt the Republican convention, three frontrunners emerged: retired banker Edward Ivinson, banker DeForest Richards, and State Senator Frank W. Mondell. The contest among all three men was close, but on the tenth ballot, Richards withdrew from consideration and Ivinson was nominated over Mondell by a vote of 70 to 33.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 62], "content_span": [63, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1892 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1892 college football season. In its fifth and final season under head coach Walter Camp, the team finished with a 13\u20130 record and outscored opponents by a total of 429 to 0. Mike Murphy was the team's trainer. The team is regarded as the 1892 national champion, having been selected retrospectively as such by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis. Yale's 1892 season was part of a 37-game winning streak that began with the final game of the 1890 season and stopped at the end of the 1893 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team\nAfter Yale's final game against Princeton, Walter Camp traveled to California where he assumed duty as the head coach of the 1892 Stanford football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Wesleyan\nOn Wednesday, October 5, 1892, Yale opened its season with a 6\u20130 victory over Wesleyan at Yale Field in New Haven, Connecticut. The game was played in 20-minute halves with strong wind that made kicking difficult.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Crescent Athletic Club\nOn October 8, 1892, Yale defeated the Crescent Athletic Club eleven by a 28\u20130 score before a crowd of 3,000 at Eastern Park in Brooklyn. The Bliss brothers, C. D. and Laurie, scored two touchdowns each, and Wallace Winter scored one. Frank Butterworth and Henry S. Graves kicked two goals from touchdown each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Williams\nOn Wednesday, October 12, 1892, Yale defeated Williams, 32\u20130, at Yale Field in New Haven. Yale scored 10 points in the first half and 22 in the second half. Henry S. Graves led the way with four touchdowns, while C. D. Bliss and James McCrea scored one each. Fullback Frank Butterworth made three goals after touchdown and also missed three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Manhattan Athletic Club\nOn October 15, 1892, Yale defeated the Manhattan Athletic Club eleven by a 22\u20130 score before a crowd of 1,500 at Manhattan Field in New York City. Yale's star halfback Laurie Bliss was unable to play due to an ankle injury. With Bliss out of the lineup, Yale did not run around the ends. Instead, Yale ran the tackles and backs through the line. The New York Times concluded that the Yale team \"is a weak one at best for Yale, and will have to depend more on a superior knowledge of the game than anything else to win.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Amherst\nOn Wednesday, October 19, 1892, Yale defeated Amherst, 29\u20130, at Yale Field in New Haven. Graves scored Yale's first touchdown (valued at four points) on a 65-yard run, but the goal (valued at two points) was missed. On Yale's second possession, Frank Butterworth kicked a goal from field (valued at five points). C. D. Bliss scored a touchdown on Yale's third possession, and the goal was again missed. Yale led, 13-0, at halftime. In the second half, Graves scored on another long run, and Butterworth kicked the goal to extend the lead to 19-0. Bliss scored two additional touchdowns to conclude the scoring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Orange Athletic Club\nOn October 22, 1892, Yale defeated the Orange Athletic Club by a 58\u20130 score before a crowd of almost 3,000 at the Orange Oval in Orange, New Jersey. Harmon S. Graves scored four touchdowns, one on an 80-yard run, and Frank Butterworth scored three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, YMCA Training School\nOn Wednesday, October 26, 1892, Yale defeated YMCA Training School, 50\u20130, before a crowd of about 400 at Hampden Park in Springfield, Massachusetts. Vance C. McCormick, Laurie Bliss, and Henry S. Graves spent the afternoon scouting the Harvard team in Cambridge. Wallace Winter assumed McCormick's duties in managing the team's play on the field. Frank Butterworth missed five of 10 goals after touchdown. Halfback Herbert W. Hamlin, a substitute, scored three touchdowns in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Tufts\nOn October 29, 1892, Yale defeated Tufts, 44\u20130, before a crowd of 3,000 at Yale Field in New Haven. Yale played its substitutes, and Herbert W. Hamlin was the star of the game with four touchdowns and runs of 50, 25, 30, and 10 yards around the end. Frank Butterworth scored three touchdowns and kicked four goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Wesleyan\nOn November 5, 1892, Yale defeated Wesleyan, 72\u20130, before a crowd of 8,500 at Yale Field in New Haven, Connecticut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, New York Athletic Club\nOn Tuesday, November 8, 1892, Yale defeated the New York Athletic Club by a 48\u20130 score at the Polo Grounds in New York City. Every member of the Princeton football team, and half of the Penn team, were in attendance to scout Yale. Clifford Bliss scored five touchdowns (valued at four points each), and single touchdowns were scored by Laurence Bliss, Armstrong, Norton, Thorne, and Alexander Hamilton Wallis. Frank Butterworth and Norton kicked two goals from touchdown (valued at two points each).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Penn\nOn November 12, 1892, Yale defeated Penn, 28\u20130, before a crowd estimated at between 12,000 and 14,000 at Manhattan Field in New York City. Yale scored 22 points in the first half and began \"playing foxy\" in the second. The New York Times wrote that the most innovative aspect of Yale's game plan was in its innovative use of \"interference\" to pave the way for the ball carrier: \"A new wrinkle came out yesterday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0012-0001", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Penn\nWhen a half back started ahead with the ball the first man who took him along would fall in front of the Pennsylvania man about to tackle and this would upset half a dozen men, while another Yale player had jumped quick as a flash ahead of the runner to continue the interference. If another Pennsylvania man tried to tackle the runner the interferer would knock him off while the runner would dodge inside, another Yale man would appear to carry on the runner, and so on until there was a clear field.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Harvard\nOn November 19, 1892, Yale defeated Harvard, 6\u20130, before a crowd of over 20,000 at Hampden Park in Springfield, Massachusetts. The game was scoreless until late in the game. With the ball at Harvard's 40-yard line, Yale used \"a whirling wedge\" to run the ball around the left end to the five-yard line. From that point, Clifford Bliss scored the touchdown, and Frank Butterworth kicked the goal after touchdown. The New York Times declared \"Laurie\" Bliss as the \"hero of the day\", making \"about all of his side's long runs and half the short ones.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Princeton\nOn Thanksgiving Day, November 24, 1892, Yale defeated Princeton, 12\u20130, before a crowd of 35,000 on a cold day at Manhattan Field in New York City. The large crowd overwhelmed the capabilities of the city's elevated railway. At least 3,000 additional spectators watched the game from \"Dead-Head Hill,\" a bluff (also known as Coogan's Bluff) overlooking the field which the owner allowed the crowd to enter at 50 cents per person. Early in the first half, Laurence Bliss ran 40 yards around the left end for a touchdown, and Frank Butterworth kicked goal to give Yale a 6\u20130 lead. In the second half, Yale center Phillip Stillman blocked a punt by Princeton fullback Sheppard Homans Jr., and the ball was butted beyond the goal line where Stillman fell on it for Yale's second touchdown. Butterworth again kicked goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 875]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0015-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Awards\nThree Yale players were selected by both Caspar Whitney and Walter Camp to the 1892 All-America college football team: end Frank Hinkey, tackle Alexander Hamilton Wallis, and quarterback Vance C. McCormick. McCormick was also the team captain. Camp also selected the following Yale players to his second team: halfbacks (and brothers) C. D. Bliss and Laurie Bliss, fullback Frank Butterworth; end John Campbell Greenway; guard James McCrea; and center Phillip Stillman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029597-0016-0000", "contents": "1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, Financial results\nIn March 1893, the team's manager, William Maffit, released the Yale Foot Ball Association's financial report for the 1892 season. The team's expenditures totaled $14,550.82, including $3,174.29 for \"hotels and meals\"; $2,311.16 for trainer's table and help; $1,505.09 for \"railroad fares\"; $1,050.45 for \"sporting goods\"; $1,004.88 for \"racks and busses\"; $892.48 for \"coaching expenses\"; $620.34 for \"trophies\"; $444.05 for \"shoes and repairs same\"; $312.35 for \"fruit and confectionery\"; $318.50 for \"rubbing team\"; $285.00 for \"referees and umpires\"; and $261.00 for \"medical services\". The team's receipts totaled $28,732.64, including $12,388.18 from the Princeton game; $10,553.65 from the Harvard game; $2,588.71 for the Penn game; and $541.85 for the N.Y.A.C. game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 826]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029598-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 Zetland County Council election\nThe second elections to Zetland County Council were held in November 1892 as part of the wider 1892 local elections. According to The Shetland Times, the elections attracted little interest. The council had twenty five seats, and 21 of these were uncontested. Seven of the unopposed councillors were new, whilst the seats of Walls South and Fetlar saw no candidates coming forward. The four seats contested were North Unst, Tingwall, Delting North, and Dunrossness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029598-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 Zetland County Council election\nThe new council was dominated by members of Lerwick's middle class, with nine merchants, four ministers, and three solicitors. Only three councillors; Bruce, Gifford, and A J Hay, represented landed interests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections\nThe United States Senate elections of 1892 and 1893 were elections which, corresponding with former Democratic President Grover Cleveland's return to power, had the Republican Party lose nine seats in the United States Senate and lose its majority to the Democratic Party. The Democratic majority, however, was minimal and didn't last past the next Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections\nAs these elections were prior to ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 52nd Congress\nIn these special elections the winners were seated during the 52nd Congress in 1892 or in 1893 before March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 52nd Congress\nIn this special election, the winner was seated in the 53rd Congress, starting March 4, 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 52nd Congress\nIn this early regular election, the winner was seated in the 54th Congress, starting March 4, 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 53rd Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1893; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 53rd Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were elected in 1893 after March 4, and seated in the 53rd Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 53rd Congress\nIn this election, the winner was seated in the 54th Congress, starting March 4, 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe New York election was held on January 18, 1893, by the New York State Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, New York\nRepublican Frank Hiscock had been elected to this seat in 1887, and his term would expire on March 3, 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, New York\nAt the controversial State election in November 1891, 17 Democrats,  14 Republicans and 1 Independent were elected for a two-year term (1892-1893) in the State Senate. This was the only time a Democratic majority was seated in the State Senate between 1874 and 1910. At the State election in November 1892, 74 Democrats and 54 Republicans were elected for the session of 1893 to the Assembly. The 116th New York State Legislature met from January 3 to April 20, 1893, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe Democratic caucus met on January 10. 90 State legislators attended, only Assemblyman John Cooney, of Brooklyn, was absent due to illness. State Senator Amasa J. Parker, Jr. presided. Edward Murphy, Jr., a wealthy brewer of Troy, and Chairman of the Democratic State Committee, was nominated by a large majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0011-0001", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe New York Times had suggested earlier to nominate Carl Schurz, a former Republican U.S. Senator from Missouri and U.S. Secretary of the Interior, who lived now in New York City,  but the political machines of upstate boss David B. Hill and Tammany Hall chose a loyal party machine man rather than an Ex-Republican advocate of civil service reform. Even President-elect Grover Cleveland had voiced his disapproval of Murphy, to no avail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0012-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, New York\nThe Republican caucus met on January 11. State Senator Thomas Hunter presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Frank Hiscock by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0013-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, New York\nEdward Murphy, Jr., was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected. State Senator James T. Edwards (32nd D.), of Randolph, voted for the defeated Republican vice presidential candidate of 1892, Whitelaw Reid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0014-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, New York\nNote: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0015-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, New York\nWhen Murphy took his seat, for the first time since 1849 New York was represented by two Democrats in the U.S. Senate. Murphy served a single term, remaining in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1899. In January 1899, Murphy was defeated for re-election by Republican Chauncey M. Depew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0016-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania\nThe election in Pennsylvania was held January 17, 1893. Incumbent Matthew Quay was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0017-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, Virginia, Virginia (Regular, class 1)\nDemocratic incumbent John W. Daniel (who had been first elected in 1887) was re-elected in 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 83], "content_span": [84, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0018-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, Virginia, Virginia (Regular, class 2)\nDemocratic incumbent John S. Barbour Jr. died May 14, 1892. Democrat Eppa Hunton was appointed May 28, 1892 to continue until a special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 83], "content_span": [84, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0019-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, Virginia, Virginia (Regular, class 2)\nHunton was elected early December 19, 1893 to the term that would begin in 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 83], "content_span": [84, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0020-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, Virginia, Virginia (Special)\nDemocratic incumbent John S. Barbour Jr. died May 14, 1892. Democrat Eppa Hunton was appointed May 28, 1892 to continue until a special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0021-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, Virginia, Virginia (Special)\nHunton was elected December 20, 1893 to finish the term (ending March 1895).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029599-0022-0000", "contents": "1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections, Wisconsin\nTwo-term Republican Philetus Sawyer retired and two-term Democratic congressman John L. Mitchell was elected to the next term. In the Wisconsin Legislature, Democrats had a majority, but it took 31 ballots for Democrats to pick Mitchell over fellow Democrats John H. Knight and Edward S. Bragg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029600-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 college football season\nThe 1892 college football season was the season of American football played among colleges and universities in the United States during the 1892\u201393 academic year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029600-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 college football season\nThe 1892 Yale Bulldogs football team, led by head coach Walter Camp, compiled a perfect 13\u20130 record, outscored opponents by a total of 429 to 0, and has been recognized as the national champion by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis. Yale's 1892 season was part of a 37-game winning streak that began at the end of the 1890 season and continued into the 1893 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029600-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 college football season\nAll eleven players selected by Caspar Whitney and Walter Camp to the 1892 All-America college football team came from the Big Three (Yale, Harvard, and Princeton). The selections included center William H. Lewis, the first African-American All-American. Five of the honorees have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame: quarterback Philip King, fullback Charley Brewer (Harvard), end Frank Hinkey (Yale), tackle Marshall Newell (Harvard), and guard Art Wheeler (Princeton).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029600-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 college football season\nSeveral colleges and universities in the Deep South established football programs in 1892, including Alabama, Auburn, Georgia, Georgia Tech, and South Carolina. In the first college football game in the region, Georgia defeated Mercer on January 30, 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029600-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 college football season\nOn September 28, 1892, the first football game played outdoors at night took place, between Wyoming Seminary and Mansfield State Normal. The lighting proved difficult and the game ended at halftime in a scoreless tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029600-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 college football season, Conference standings\nThe following is a potentially incomplete list of conference standings:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029601-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1892 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029602-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029602-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1892 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029602-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1892 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029603-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in Australian soccer\nThe 1892 season was the ninth season of competitive association football in Australia. The were two league competitions and two cup competitions fielded by Northern District British Football Association (Northern NSW) and the South British Football Soccer Association (New South Wales).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029603-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 in Australian soccer, Cup competitions\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 43], "content_span": [44, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029608-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in Canadian football, Canadian football news in 1892\nThe first CRU Dominion Championship game was played between the Montreal Football Club and Osgoode Hall on November 10, 1892. The Manitoba Rugby Football Union was formed in 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029608-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 in Canadian football, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029609-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1892 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029613-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in Germany, Literature\nFrank Wedekind's magnum opus drama \"Das Erwachen des Fruhlings\" or \"Spring Awakening\" is set during this year with one of the play's protagonists Wendla Bergmann's death occurring on October 27.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029617-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in Japan\nEvents from the year 1892 in Japan. It corresponds to Meiji 25 (\u660e\u6cbb25\u5e74) in the Japanese calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029618-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1892 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029618-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nThe 11th New Zealand Parliament continues with the Liberal Party in power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029618-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 in New Zealand, Sport, Billiards\nThe first firm in the country to manufacture tables begins in Wellington. The sport has been played in the country for the previous decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029620-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1892 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029624-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1892 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029626-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in Swedish football\nThe 1892 season in Swedish football, starting January 1892 and ending December 1892:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029628-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1892 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029632-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in association football\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by BHGbot (talk | contribs) at 21:44, 18 June 2020 (WP:BHGbot 6 (List 5): eponymous category first, per MOS:CATORDER; WP:GENFIXES). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029632-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1892 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029633-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1892  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029633-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 in baseball, National League final standings\nThe National League played a split season schedule, with the teams that had the best record in each half of the season meeting in a postseason best-of-nine series, known at the time as the \"World's Championship Series\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 49], "content_span": [50, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029634-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in basketball\nThe following are the basketball events of the year 1892 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029635-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in birding and ornithology\nBirds described in 1892 include the Laysan honeycreeper, Abyssinian crimsonwing, Chatham raven, black oriole, Tullberg's woodpecker, spotted nightjar, Hose's broadbill , Bolivian earthcreeper, Chubb's cisticola, greater ground robin, streak-throated hermit, green-breasted bushshrike and the Gough moorhen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029636-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in film\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1892 in film, including a list of films released and notable births.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029637-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029639-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029640-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029640-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029640-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029641-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029642-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in science\nThe year 1892 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029643-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in sports\n1892 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029644-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in the Congo Free State\nThe following lists events that happened during 1892 in the Congo Free State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029645-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 in the Philippines\n1892 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029648-0000-0000", "contents": "1892 vote of no confidence in the Salisbury ministry\nThe vote of no confidence in the second Salisbury ministry occurred when the Conservative government of Robert Cecil, the Marquess of Salisbury decided to meet Parliament after the general election despite not winning a majority. The government presented a Queen's Speech, but was defeated on 11 August 1892 when the House of Commons carried by 350 to 310 an amendment moved by the opposition Liberal Party declaring that Her Majesty's \"present advisers\" did not possess the confidence of the House. After the vote Salisbury resigned and Liberal Party leader William Ewart Gladstone became Prime Minister for the fourth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029648-0001-0000", "contents": "1892 vote of no confidence in the Salisbury ministry, Background\nWith polling in the general election taking place over several weeks, the state of play with regard to party gains could be monitored each day. The Times noted that as the Conservatives and Liberal Unionists together had a majority of 66 in the outgoing House, it would take 33 net seat gains by the Gladstonian side to win (which counted Liberals together with Liberal-Labour members, and Irish Nationalists whether supporters or opponents of Charles Stewart Parnell).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029648-0001-0001", "contents": "1892 vote of no confidence in the Salisbury ministry, Background\nThe result of elections up to 11 July gave the Liberals 31 gains, and on 12 July the Gladstonians made further progress to reach a total of 36 net gains. The Times Leader column noted that the leading Liberal Sir William Harcourt had begun estimating the size of the eventual Gladstonian majority, although the Irish did not class themselves as such and that a majority dependent on their support would not be stable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029648-0002-0000", "contents": "1892 vote of no confidence in the Salisbury ministry, Background\nWith almost all election results known, on 21 July The Times noted that it was for William Ewart Gladstone to succeed \"in uniting, for the moment, the multifarious elements of the motley majority against the Government, to shape that advice so as to compel LORD SALISBURY's resignation\". When returns from all seats came in, the Gladstonian Liberals had 272 seats, with their likely allies bringing them up to 355, while the Conservatives and Liberal Unionists had 315. As the Liberal Party did not have a majority of seats on its own, the Prime Minister the Marquess of Salisbury did not immediately offer his resignation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029648-0003-0000", "contents": "1892 vote of no confidence in the Salisbury ministry, Background\nOn 3 August, Gladstone met with the Anti- Parnellite leaders Justin McCarthy and John Dillon, agreeing that the no confidence motion should be put as soon as possible (preferably on Tuesday 9 August) and that there would be only one or two speeches in the debate from the Anti- Parnellite side. The much smaller Parnellites were determined to maintain their independence of other parties, and a resolution to this effect was passed when the Irish National League met in Dublin on 4 August. Both groups determined to continue to sit on the opposition side of the House after a change of government, but it was always clear that they intended to support the no confidence motion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029648-0004-0000", "contents": "1892 vote of no confidence in the Salisbury ministry, Parliament meets\nOn 4 August the new Parliament met for the House of Commons to elect a Speaker. Sir Matthew White Ridley (Conservative MP for Blackpool) proposed, and William Gladstone seconded, the re-election of Arthur Peel who had been in office for the past eight years, and the proposal was unanimously agreed. On 8 August the Queen's speech was delivered, read by Commission by the Lord Chancellor, the Earl of Halsbury. The \"brief and colourless\" speech was confined to formally opening the new session, as it asserted that \"the business of the Session was completed .. prior to dissolution.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 70], "content_span": [71, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029648-0005-0000", "contents": "1892 vote of no confidence in the Salisbury ministry, No confidence motion\nWhen the House of Commons met that afternoon, Unionist backbenchers Dunbar Barton and William Henry Cross moved and seconded the 'loyal address' thanking the Queen for the speech. Barton noted that some had suggested that Salisbury ought to have resigned immediately it became obvious he had lost the election, and also that Liberals did not want to have a prolonged discussion on their vote of no confidence. As an Irish Unionist member he defended the government's policy on Ireland. H. H. Asquith then moved an amendment to add the words:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 74], "content_span": [75, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029648-0006-0000", "contents": "1892 vote of no confidence in the Salisbury ministry, No confidence motion\nThat we feel it, however, to be our duty humbly to submit to Your Majesty that it is essential that Your Majesty's Government should possess the confidence of this House and of the Country, and respectfully to represent to Your Majesty that such confidence is not reposed in the present Advisers of Your Majesty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 74], "content_span": [75, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029648-0007-0000", "contents": "1892 vote of no confidence in the Salisbury ministry, No confidence motion\nThe debate on the amendment occupied three full days of Parliamentary time, on Monday 8, Tuesday 9 and Thursday 11 August. Special arrangements had to be made for the eventual vote because the issue was crucial, which was the reason the House did not sit on Wednesday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 74], "content_span": [75, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029648-0008-0000", "contents": "1892 vote of no confidence in the Salisbury ministry, Division\nThe vote was called at midnight on 11 August. The Times reported that there was a \"scene of great excitement\", and owing to the large number of Members of Parliament voting it took more than 25 minutes to count. Both Arthur Balfour and William Gladstone were cheered by their parties, with Gladstone being greeted by his supporters waving their hats. The result was announced by Liberal MP Arnold Morley:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 62], "content_span": [63, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029648-0009-0000", "contents": "1892 vote of no confidence in the Salisbury ministry, Division\nThe announcement produced even more cheers and shouts of \"Remember Mitchelstown!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 62], "content_span": [63, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029648-0010-0000", "contents": "1892 vote of no confidence in the Salisbury ministry, Division\nWith 665 Members of Parliament taking part (the 660 voting, two tellers from each side and the Speaker in the Chair), the no confidence vote of 1892 was later acknowledged as the 'greatest division' of all time in the House of Commons in the sense of having the most Members taking part. The full House of Commons had 670 seats but two were vacant at the time (Holborn, where Gainsford Bruce had been made a Judge, and Cork North East which had been declined by William O'Brien in preference to Cork City when he had been elected to both).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 62], "content_span": [63, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029648-0010-0001", "contents": "1892 vote of no confidence in the Salisbury ministry, Division\nOnly three Members did not vote. Thomas Bartholomew Curran (Kilkenny City, Anti- Parnellite) was absent in Australia, while Arthur Winterbotham (Cirencester, Liberal) and John Lloyd Wharton (Ripon, Conservative) were both ill and were 'paired' with each other. The Times had successfully forecast the result of the vote on the morning of Wednesday 10 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 62], "content_span": [63, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029648-0011-0000", "contents": "1892 vote of no confidence in the Salisbury ministry, Change of government\nOn Saturday 13 August, the Marquess of Salisbury arrived to see Queen Victoria at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight, where he tendered his resignation. The Court Circular recorded that the Queen had accepted it \"with much regret\". Gladstone arrived on Monday 15 August to kiss hands and take office for the fourth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 74], "content_span": [75, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029649-0000-0000", "contents": "1892nd Engineer Aviation Battalion (United States)\nThe 1892nd Engineer Aviation Battalion was a United States Army Air Forces unit activated on 1 May 1943 at Gowen Field (Army Air Base) in Boise, Idaho. The battalion was responsible for building, maintaining, and patrolling runways throughout the Pacific Theater during World War II. The unit was inactivated on 17 June 1946 following the end of the war. The unit was later reactivated and re-designated the 964th Engineering Construction Battalion and performed training functions in Rochester, New York and Fort Belvoir, Virginia until it was inactivated on 23 October 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029649-0001-0000", "contents": "1892nd Engineer Aviation Battalion (United States), World War II, Training and embarkation\nUpon activation on 1 May 1943, the 1892nd Engineer Aviation Battalion was initially assigned to the 930th Engineer Aviation Regiment at Gowen Field, Boise, Idaho, Second Air Force. Later that year the battalion was transferred to the 934th Engineer Aviation Regiment for coordination and supervision of organization and training. On 13 January 1944 the unit was relocated to Geiger Field, Spokane, Washington for a temporary change of station, where the unit was reassigned to the Fourth Air Force for additional training. After training the 1892nd was transferred to Camp Anza near Riverside, California from 6 to 20 October for staging. The unit was then transferred to the San Francisco Port of Embarkation on 21 October 1944 where it remained until leaving on the USS Latimer for overseas deployment on 26 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 90], "content_span": [91, 909]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029649-0002-0000", "contents": "1892nd Engineer Aviation Battalion (United States), World War II, Pacific Theater deployment\nOn 13 November 1944 the 1892nd arrived at the Oro Bay, New Guinea Pacific Theater staging area via the USS Latimer. The unit was assigned to Biak Island, Mokmer Airfield near the northern coast of Papua, New Guinea where it maintained the airfield. The airfield at Biak was under Japanese control until it was captured by the United States Army in May 1944 following the Battle of Biak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 92], "content_span": [93, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029649-0003-0000", "contents": "1892nd Engineer Aviation Battalion (United States), World War II, Pacific Theater deployment\nOn 28 January 1945 the 1892nd was transferred to the island of Luzon, the largest island in the Philippines. Then on 8 February 1945 the battalion reported that it was again in New Guinea. On 25 May 1945 the 1892nd was ordered to Okinawa for permanent change of station where it was assigned to the Far East Air Force, Fifth Air Force, 928th Engineer Aviation Regiment. The Fifth Air Force was a combat force that was assigned multiple bomber groups throughout the area, particularly Motobu Airfield on the Motobu Peninsula of Okinawa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 92], "content_span": [93, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029649-0004-0000", "contents": "1892nd Engineer Aviation Battalion (United States), World War II, Pacific Theater deployment\nThe 1892nd departed New Guinea on LSTs on 5 June 1945 with a destination of the Ryukyu Islands. On 22 June the unit arrived at Ie Shima (Iejima), a small island off the northwest coast of Okinawa, where it would spend the remainder of the war working on runway maintenance projects and guarding airfield assets. The island housed a 5,000+ foot runway that was made from coral quarried from the island's interior; the runway was utilized by bomber aircraft groups. The battalion was stationed near the site of war correspondent Ernie Pyle's death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 92], "content_span": [93, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029649-0004-0001", "contents": "1892nd Engineer Aviation Battalion (United States), World War II, Pacific Theater deployment\nPyle had been killed by a hidden Japanese machine gunner during the initial landing on the island. At the time of his unit's arrival the grave site was marked by an upturned rifle stuck in the mud with Pyle's helmet on it. It was later marked by a monument created by the 77th Infantry Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 92], "content_span": [93, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029649-0005-0000", "contents": "1892nd Engineer Aviation Battalion (United States), World War II, Pacific Theater deployment\nAfter the dropping of the atomic bomb on Nagasaki and Hiroshima as well as a declaration of war by Russia on Japan, the Japanese agreed to unconditional surrender to Allied Forces at Ie Shima. On 19 August 1945, a Japanese surrender party arrived on the island in two Betty Bombers painted white with green crosses, a color-coding that signaled to the Allies who they were and not to shoot them down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 92], "content_span": [93, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029649-0006-0000", "contents": "1892nd Engineer Aviation Battalion (United States), World War II, Pacific Theater deployment\nThe Japanese transferred to a C-54 transport for the trip to Manila and a meeting with General MacArthur to review the terms of surrender. Members of the 1892nd and other units stationed on the island were allowed to line the sides of the runway as the Japanese delegation landed and departed, signaling the imminent end of World War II. The 1892nd was inactivated on 17 June 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 92], "content_span": [93, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029649-0007-0000", "contents": "1892nd Engineer Aviation Battalion (United States), World War II, Pacific Theater deployment\nAwards of the battalion included the World War II Victory Medal, American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (with Battle Stars), Army of Occupation Medal - Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 92], "content_span": [93, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029649-0008-0000", "contents": "1892nd Engineer Aviation Battalion (United States), Post-World War II\nFollowing the war the unit was later reactivated and re-designated the 964th Engineering Construction Battalion. It performed training functions as an organized reserve unit in Rochester, New York and Fort Belvoir, Virginia until it was inactivated on 23 October 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 69], "content_span": [70, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029650-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Ardwick A.F.C. season\nThe 1892\u201393 season was Ardwick A.F.C. 's second season of league football. Following the amalgamation of the Football Alliance with the Football League, Ardwick was elected to the new Second Division in the inaugural season of two-tier football in England, and the season marked the start of Ardwick (Manchester City)'s exactly 100-year stay in the Football League before leaving in 1992 to co-found the Premier League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029650-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Ardwick A.F.C. season, Cup competitions, FA Cup\nThe draw for the preliminary round and first round of the FA Cup was held at a meeting of the Football Association on 29 August 1892. Ardwick were drawn away at Fleetwood Rangers in the preliminary round, although Ardwick made an offer to Fleetwood to transfer the game to their own stadium, which was accepted. A first round home tie against Workington awaited the winners. The first match was drawn and Fleetwood refused to play extra time, forcing a replay, which was also held at Hyde Road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029651-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Aston Villa F.C. season\nThe 1892\u201393 English football season was Aston Villa's fifth season in the Football League since its formation. George Ramsay would continue in charge of Aston Villa while the  Management Committee continued to pick the team. The season fell in what was to be called Villa's golden era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029651-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Aston Villa F.C. season\nFirst-class cricketer and England football international, Jack Devey  was  Captain. Denny Hodgetts also captained the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029651-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Aston Villa F.C. season\nFrederick Rinder had become the club's financial secretary in 1892, and set about installing turnstiles at Villa's Perry Barr ground. Gate receipts immediately increased from \u00a375 to \u00a3250. He introduced many other good business practices to the club. It was his idea to make Aston Villa a limited company. Rinder would later be known as the 'Grand Old Man of Aston Villa'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029652-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Bristol & District League\nThe 1892\u201393 season was the first in the history of the Bristol & District League, which was renamed the Western League in 1895. Nine clubs formed the new league, which consisted of a single division. Wells City joined the league from the Somerset Senior League, of which they had been champions twice. Warmley were the first champions of the new league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029653-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 British Home Championship\nThe 1892\u201393 British Home Championship was an international football tournament between the British Home Nations. The competition was won and dominated by England, who beat all three rival teams and scored 17 goals in just three matches. Fred Spiksley claimed four and Walter Gilliat scored a hat-trick in the competition's opening game. Scotland came second with victories over Ireland and Wales, who finished third and fourth respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029653-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 British Home Championship\nEngland began as the strongest team, scoring twelve goals in the first two games against the Irish and the Welsh with only one in reply. Scotland too began well, winning their match against Wales in Wales by 8\u20130 before netting another six in a rout of Ireland at home. In the final games, England and Scotland played a match in London which England easily won 5\u20132 to whitewash their opponents and take the trophy. In a consolation game in Belfast, Ireland beat Wales 4\u20133 to finish third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029653-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 British Home Championship\nThe official attendance for the England v. Scotland match was 16,000; the crowd was so large that it was forced to stand in front of the journalists who were therefore prevented from seeing all of the action. Consequently, there is some dispute over the goal-scorers: although it is not credited in any of the official references, it is now generally accepted that Spiksley scored a hat-trick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029654-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1892\u201393 season was Burslem Port Vale's first season of football in the English Football League. The club were founding members of the Football League Second Division, the First Division having been in operation for four seasons prior to 1892\u201393. A learning curve for the club, it marked the first of four seasons of struggle in what was rapidly becoming the second tier of the strongest league in the world. This learning curve was punctuated by the biggest league defeat in the club's history, a 10\u20130 humiliation in a snowstorm at home to Sheffield United on 10 December 1892, still a Football League record for a home defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029654-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season\nOther than the record defeat (which saw right-half Billy Delves play in goal), and two away performances where five goals were conceded, the Vale were competitive in most matches, winning three of their games by at least a three-goal margin. If not for the capitulation to Sheffield United then the club would have had one of the better defensive records in the league. However a run of one goal scored in five consecutive games highlighted their lack of offensive firepower. This run saw them lose eight of ten games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029654-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Winning Football League status\nHaving spent their early history playing only friendly matches, cup games, and in minor leagues such as the Midland Football League; 1892\u201393 marked the club's first season in the English Football League. The Football League's merger with the Football Alliance saw the club granted Second Division status, due to their third place standing in the Midland League in 1891\u201392, along with Northwich Victoria and Sheffield United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 69], "content_span": [70, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029654-0003-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nThe pre-season started terribly, star striker Frank McGinnes dying of kidney disease before a ball was kicked. His replacement was Wallace Bliss, and local headmaster Fred Farrington was appointed captain. The first match continued in desperately poor fashion; Billy Beats missed the train, and so Vale played with ten men against Small Heath, losing 5\u20131, with Bliss scoring the club's first Football League goal \u2013 his only goal in the league ever. Away matches were difficult for the \"Valeites\" as players had trouble gaining permission from their employers to miss work. Vale suffered a 10\u20130 defeat in a snowstorm at home to Sheffield United on 10 December, a Football League record for a home defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029654-0004-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nFinishing in 11th place, they finished one place above bottom club Walsall Town Swifts, and level on points with Crewe Alexandra. Their fifteen points were less than half the tally of champions Small Heath (who were not promoted after losing their 'Test Match'). A time of expansion for the competition, they retained their league status despite their poor showing (disbanded Bootle were the only team to lose their status), and the next season three more teams were added to the league. Vale's defence performed admirably (most of the time), however Vale only scored 30 goals in their 22 league games. Their first ever point came at Bootle, and their first ever win was a 4\u20131 home victory over Crewe Alexandra.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 776]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029654-0005-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nDespite reaching the Fifth Round of the FA Cup in 1885\u201386, they failed to make it through the qualifying stages this time round. In the Staffordshire Senior Cup they exited in the First Round to Burton Wanderers, and in the Birmingham Senior Cup they left at the Second Round after a 4\u20131 defeat by Aston Villa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 65], "content_span": [66, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029655-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Celtic F.C. season\nDuring the 1892\u201393 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in the Scottish Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029656-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Colorado Agricultural football team\nThe 1892\u201393 Colorado Agricultural CACs football team represented Colorado Agricultural College (now known as Colorado State University) in the Colorado Football Association (CFA) during the 1892\u201393 academic year. The team compiled a 2\u20133 record and was outscored by a total of 98 to 54. The team had no coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1892\u201393 season was the 20th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level, entering the Scottish Football League and the Scottish Cup. In addition Dumbarton played in the Dunbartonshire Cup and the Glasgow Charity Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, June\u2013July\nA close season tournament was played for the benefit of Port Glasgow AFC and on 27 June Dumbarton defeated the hosts 7-2, whilst in the other tie, Rangers got the better of Clyde by 4-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, June\u2013July\nOn 9 July the final of the Port Glasgow benefit tournament was played at Ibrox, but with the loss of Taylor early in the game who was ordered off for kicking the Rangers goalkeeper, Rangers were rarely troubled and ran out winners by 4-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0003-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nThe 1892-93 season opened on 13 August with a friendly fixture in Dumfries against 5th KRV, and whilst the team was composed mostly of 2nd XI players, Dumbarton still managed a win by 3-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0004-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nThe league season opened a week later with a home tie against St Mirren. The loss of the backbone of the team \u2013 added to the three who had travelled south were Taylor who was suspended and McMillan who had yet to decide on his future, meant that the unbeaten league record at \u2018fatal\u2019 Boghead would be sorely tested and so it proved with the visitors leaving as the winners by 2-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0005-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, August\nOn the 27th, Dumbarton travelled to Ayr to play a friendly, and in a foul strewn game came away with a 1-1 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0006-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nOn 3 September Dumbarton had the unenviable task of a visit on league business to Ibrox, and while most pundits expected an easy Rangers win, with the return of McMillan to the fold, Dumbarton put up a strong performance, and although leading twice eventually succumbed by 3-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0007-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nThe following week saw the visit of Leith Athletic to Boghead, and whilst the game was not great, a 2-1 win ensured that Dumbarton gained their first league points of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0008-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nIt was meant to be a league visit to neighbours Renton on 20 September, but as the referee failed to appear, a friendly was played, which Dumbarton won 2-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0009-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nA week later, despite having most of the play, Dumbarton allowed Third Lanark to leave Boghead with both points in the league encounter, the latter winning 2-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0010-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, September\nSo at the end of the month, Hearts topped the league table with 11 points from 6 games, 2 ahead of Rangers who had a game in hand. Dumbarton trailed in 8th with 2 points from 4 games played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0011-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nOn 1 October, Dumbarton played their return league fixture at Paisley against St Mirren. The match was an even one, and Dumbarton went in at half time 2-1 ahead. However Smith was lost to injury early in the second half and despite scoring a third goal which was disallowed, it was St Mirren that made their 1-man advantagetell by winning 3-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0012-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nThe following week Dumbarton travelled to play Hearts at Tynecastle. Hearts had been going well in the league, but the introduction of David Thomson and Lawrence Bell to the team, and the return from suspension of Taylor, made a huge difference to the Dumbarton performance, who were well worthy of their 3-1 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0013-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nFollowing on from the previous week's success, Dumbarton looked forward to a home tie against Celtic with an unchanged team. However the Celts completely dominated the game and left Boghead with a 3-0 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0014-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nOn 24 October, Abercorn were the visitors to Boghead and were soundly thrashed 5-1 \u2013 Dumbarton's biggest win of the season so far. Interestingly, McLeod left his usual position of goalkeeper to play centre forward in the first half of the game, with Hartley taking his place between the sticks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0015-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nA week later brought a visit to Boghead by neighbours Renton for a friendly fixture and ended in a 2-1 win for Dumbarton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0016-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, October\nSo at the end of the month Rangers still led the league with 14 points from 8 games, ahead of Hearts a point behind with a game more played. Dumbarton remained in 8th place with 6 points from 8 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0017-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nThe return fixture against Third Lanark was played at Cathkin Park on 5 November. Dumbarton were missing Keir and J. Bell due to injury and this showed as a 3-0 defeat was suffered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0018-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nThe following week there was a rest for the club, but not for all the players. John McLeod, Tom McMillan, William Thomson, John Taylor, Abe Hartley and James McNaught were all selected to play in the Dumbartonshire representative team against a Renfrewshire XI at Abercorn's ground. The match was drawn 2-2 with Taylor scoring one of the goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0019-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nA return to a full strength squad did not have the desired effect on 19 November as Dumbarton lost away to Leith Athletic by 3-0. Notwithstanding the score, Dumbarton had most of the  play but were met by a \u2018superlative\u2019 display by the Leith goalkeeper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0020-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nThe 26 November saw Dumbarton visit Clyde for their first game in the Scottish Cup. Unfortunately the weather had turned Barrowfield Park into a \u2018series of small lakes\u2019, nevertheless a friendly was played which Clyde won 4-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0021-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, November\nSo at the end of November the league was still led by Rangers with 15 points from 9 games, with Celtic and Hearts 2 points behind. Dumbarton still held on to 8th place with 6 points from 10 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0022-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nThe first two Saturdays in December were written off due to wintry weather, but at the fourth time of asking the outstanding Scottish Cup tie against Clyde was eventually played off on 17 December. However, with Dumbarton leading 6-1 twenty minutes into the second half, the home crowd invaded the pitch assaulting the referee and some of the Dumbarton players. The referee was unable to continue and the game suspended. However at a subsequent SFA meeting the tie was awarded to Dumbarton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0023-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nIt was supposed to be a return to league duty a week later with Rangers visiting Boghead, but again the weather intervened.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0024-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, December\nAnd so the final game of 1892 would be the first of Dumbarton's holiday matches with a fine 5-1 away win against Kirkcaldy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0025-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nThe holiday success at Kirkcaldy was followed by friendly wins over Dunfermline (5-0) and Hearts (2-0) on 2 and 3 January respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0026-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nThe following Saturday was supposed to see Rangers visit Dumbarton for a Scottish Cup tie but once again a postponement  was necessary due to an unplayable pitch. The same was the case a week later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0027-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nThe long-awaited match took place on 21 January and not for the first time this season it was a case of an inspired goalkeeper who kept the Dumbarton forwards at bay and Rangers left with a 1-0 win. A protest from Dumbarton that the referee ended the match 3 minutes early was subsequently withdrawn. On the same day however it was better news for the second XI as the Dumbarton Rangers defeated the Union reserves to secure the county cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0028-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, January\nOn 28 January, neighbours Vale of Leven came to Boghead on county cup business, and despite having most of the play Dumbarton had to settle for a 1-1 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0029-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, February\nDumbarton answered the doubters in the replay of the semi final of the Dumbartonshire Cup on 4 February at Alexandria by recording a fine 6-2 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0030-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, February\nA week later, and being free of league and cup duties, Dumbarton travelled over the Irish Channel to play Linfield Athletic. The 4-2 defeat suffered may have had something to do with the rough journey over to Ireland as most of the Dumbarton team were seasick and had barely recovered when play commenced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0031-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, February\nIt was back to league business on 18 February where Dumbarton travelled to Barrowfield and came away with a 2-1 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0032-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, February\nThe chance to bring silverware back to Boghead was not missed as on 25 February Dumbarton easily defeated Levendale 7-1 to lift the county cup for the fifth year in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0033-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nInternational trial matches were held on 4 March to consider selection of teams to represent Scotland in the upcoming Home International Championship - John McLeod and John Taylor took part. Despite this, the league match against Renton went ahead on the same day. The result of a 1-1 draw was a fair one \u2013 bearing in mind that Renton were also short of men for the international trials. Although the absence of McNaught who had travelled south, in addition to the \u2018trialists\u2019 and the sending off of Lawrence Bell in the second half did not help Dumbarton's cause.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0034-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nWith the final of the Scottish Cup being played at Hampden, Dumbarton journeyed to London on 11 March to play the Royal Arsenal. Unfortunately while a 3-1 defeat was suffered, the game had other consequences in that the club's president Denny resigned due to his pro-amateurism stance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0035-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nOn 18 March, McLeod, Thomson and John Bell played for Scotland against Wales in an 8-0 victory for the Scots. It was unsurprising then that these men were sorely missed in the league match played against Celtic at Parkhead on the same day \u2013 a heavy 5-1 beating being handed out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0036-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nThe following week Dumbarton made the trip to Edinburgh to play Hibs in a friendly and in an evenly contested match it was the home team who took the spoils 3-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0037-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, March\nSo the league at the end of March looked like this; Rangers played 13 with 22 points; St Mirren played 16 with 20 points; Celtic played 12 with 19 points. Dumbarton were stuck in 8th with 9 points from 13 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0038-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nOn the first day of April Dumbarton welcomed Hearts to Boghead and achieved a convincing 5-1 win. This would mark John Bell's last game for Dumbarton and his goal scoring skills would be sadly missed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0039-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nSo a week later, while the club had a rest weekend, John Bell and John Taylor earned their second 'League' caps in the Scottish League XI vs. the English League match at Parkhead - the game finishing in a 4-3 win for the English, with Taylor scoring one of the goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0040-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nOn 15 April, Clyde visited Boghead in the league and left having been defeated 3-1 \u2013 the first time Dumbarton had strung two successive victories together all season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0041-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nA week later it was Rangers turn to come to Dumbarton \u2013 league leaders with an unbeaten record to date but never having won at Boghead \u2013 and it was Dumbarton who would triumph in a stunning 3-0 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0042-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nHowever the successful run came to an abrupt end on 29 April, when a visit to Abercorn in the penultimate league game ended in a dismal 4-0 defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0043-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, April\nSo at the end of the month Rangers still topped the league with 26 points, with one game left to play, but Celtic were only 3 points behind with 3 games in hand. Dumbarton maintained 8th place with 15 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0044-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nTuesday 2 May was an important date for Scottish football as it was on this date that the SFA officially accepted professionalism within the sport - Dumbarton was one of the few dissenting voices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0045-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nFollowing a free week, Dumbarton travelled to Cathkin Park to meet Celtic in the semi final of the Glasgow Charity Cup, and a close encounter finished in a 0-0 draw. Four days later at the same venue however it was Celtic that prevailed by 3-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0046-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nAnd so on 20 May, the last league game of the season took place at Tontine Park, where Dumbarton defeated Renton handsomely by 4-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0047-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May\nThe result meant that Dumbarton leap-frogged Renton into 7th place in the league, and thereby avoided the dreaded reselection process \u2013 and it was Celtic who claimed their first ever championship, pipping Rangers by a single point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0048-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, June\nAt the club's AGM a motion to adopt professionalism for the following season was passed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0049-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nAs Dumbarton entered season 1892-93, the defending league champions for the second year running, while professionalism in England was widespread, clubs in Scotland could do little to detract their players from the offers being made by English agents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0050-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nDumbarton were no exception and by the start of the season had already lost the services of John Miller to Liverpool, Dickie Boyle to Everton and James Galbraith to Middlesbrough.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0051-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nHowever, during the season Dumbarton were further weakened by the loss of Abe Harley to Everton (January), James McNaught to Newton Heath (March), John Bell to Everton (April) and William Thomson to Aston Villa (April), not forgetting John Gillan, who had become a first team regular in November, also to Aston Villa (April). Nevertheless, the second XI continued to provide new local talent, and among those stepping up to the senior team were Lawrence Bell, Daniel Thomson, William Nash and Albert Saunderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029657-0052-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve Team\nDumbarton lost out to Clyde in the third round of the Scottish Second XI Cup but made it five wins on the trot by beating Dumbarton Union in the final of the Dumbartonshire Second XI Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029658-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Eastville Rovers F.C. season\nThe 1892\u201393 season was the tenth to be played by the team now known as Bristol Rovers, and their ninth playing under the name Eastville Rovers. It was significant in that it was their first year competing in an organised league, when they became founder members of the Bristol & District League (now known as the Western League).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029658-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nRovers finished in sixth place in the league. They had to a slow start to their campaign, but finished strongly, winning their last four games. There was some confusion surrounding the game against St George on 22 October, which although originally arranged as a league match it was played as a friendly as no referee had been appointed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029658-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nThough the match between Eastville Rovers and St. George on Saturday was a league fixture, it now appears it was altered by consent of both sides to a \"friendly\" game. Through some misunderstanding a referee was not appointed and the captains arranged that the game should be played on another day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029658-0003-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Match results, Bristol & District League\nEastville Rovers were nominally the home team, but the match was played at Mangotsfield  Game stopped after 78 minutes due to poor light  Wells only fielded ten players", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 78], "content_span": [79, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029658-0004-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Match results, Friendlies, First team\nThe game against St George on 22 October was originally scheduled to be a league match, but was played as a friendly when it was discovered that no referee had been appointed. Swindon Athletic began the game with eight players, but were brought up to full strength when three substitutes were found.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029658-0005-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Statistics, Cumulative record\nThe total cumulative record of Eastville Rovers up to the end of the 1892\u201393 season is shown below. This is calculated by adding the numbers in the section above to the total games played up to the end of the previous season. Friendly matches are not included in this table, and games held at neutral venues are considered to have been played away from home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029659-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Everton F.C. season, Regular Football League First team\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029659-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Everton F.C. season, Regular Football League First team\nNumber of League games in which this eleven was fielded = 0", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029659-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the first team squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029659-0003-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the first team squad\nEverton were expected to be serious title contenders in the 1892-93 season but a summer of off the field turmoil played a part in a good but not great season. The club were forced to vacate their Anfield Road home and set up at a brand new venue of Goodison Park, leaving behind them their first choice left back, Duncan McLean and forward Alan Wylie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029659-0003-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the first team squad\nThe latter probably realised that the return from injury of Fred Geary would see him left out of the front line but McLean's decision was a surprise to the club and fans and Bob Howarth found himself with six full back partners during the season. For the second year in a row the club struggled to find a first choice keeper as six different custodians filled that role as well, including Joey Murray on three occasions, despite his normal position being as a forward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029659-0003-0002", "contents": "1892\u201393 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the first team squad\nThe indecision in goal was more down to the selectors than poor performance as each defeat the club suffered in the first half of the campaign was met with the keeper being dropped. Eventually the selectors settled for Richard Williams whose regular clean sheets in the latter half of the season saw the club rally to finish the season in third place and reach the cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029659-0004-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the first team squad\nEverton's midfield trio was also broken up this season as Bob Kelso lost his place to Dickie Boyle who arrived from Dumbarton. The clubs erratic start also saw Hope Robertson replaced eight games in by Jimmy Jamieson. The Scottish left half's stay at Goodison was short and after just four months he left for Sheffield Wednesday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029659-0005-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the first team squad\nWith Sunderland marching to the title and Everton having to settle for a distant third place, albeit after an excellent run in which saw them win nine of their last ten games it was the F A cup that captured the excitement as the club won through to the final for the first time. The selectors famously fielded a weakened side for the trip to Wolverhampton Wanderers in a league game a week before the two sides met in the cup final and won 4\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029659-0005-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the first team squad\nOnly four of that team appeared the following week at the cup final as Boyle and Latta were joined by Kelso, having re-established himself in defence ahead of Collins and Stewart who had taken over after Jamieson had left for Sheffield Wednesday the previous month. The major selection surprise was that Patrick Gordon was selected ahead of Fred Geary in attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029659-0005-0002", "contents": "1892\u201393 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the first team squad\nThe game became farce when the fans encroached onto the woefully inadequate field at Fallowfield in Manchester and made it impossible for Latta and Milward to use their wing play to proper effect, the latter being physically tripped by a spectator on one occasion. Wolves won the game in the second half when Harry Allen's hopeful punt deceived Dick Williams who lost the ball in the sun.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029659-0005-0003", "contents": "1892\u201393 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the first team squad\nEverton were furious though that Allen had received the ball from a spectator who had kicked the ball of Dickie Boyle's toe as the Everton half was taking the ball away from danger and felt that the game should have been reduced to the level of a friendly with the cup being played for at a later date. The game would leave a bad taste in the mouths of every Evertonian for over a decade until they finally did win the cup in 1906.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029659-0006-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Everton F.C. season, Records\nThe following positive or neutral records were set by the 1891\u201392 Everton team", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029659-0007-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Everton F.C. season, Records\nThe following negative records were also set by the team", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029660-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 FA Cup\nThe 1892\u201393 FA Cup was the 22nd staging of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. Wolverhampton Wanderers won the competition, beating Everton 1\u20130 in the final at Fallowfield Stadium for the only time (moved from Kennington Oval), with Wembley Stadium still 30 years away from being built. Wolves continued the recent Midlands dominance of the FA Cup, after the success of West Brom, Aston Villa and Nottingham Forest the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029660-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 FA Cup\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. Some matches, however, might be rescheduled for other days if there were clashes with games for other competitions or the weather was inclement. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029660-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 FA Cup, Results, Final\nThe Final was  played on 25 March 1893 at Fallowfield Stadium. The final was contested by Wolverhampton Wanderers and Everton. Wolves won 1-0, with a single goal from Harry Allen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029661-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Football League\nThe 1892\u201393 season was the fifth season of The Football League. This season saw the introduction of the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029661-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Football League, Final league tables\nThe tables below are reproduced here in the exact form that they can be found at the  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029661-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Football League, Final league tables\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded). The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season. Since the goal average was used for this purpose for such a long time, it is presented in the tables below even for the seasons prior to 1894\u201395.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029661-0003-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Football League, Final league tables\nDuring the first five seasons of the league, that is until the season 1893\u201394 re-election process concerned the clubs which finished in the bottom four of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029661-0004-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Football League, Test matches\nThe test matches were neutral-venue play-offs between the bottom 3 First Division teams and the top 3 Second Division teams. The First Division teams, if coming out as winners, would retain their places in the division. If a Second Division team won, it would be considered for First Division membership through an election process. Losing Second Division teams would stay in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029661-0005-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Football League, Test matches, \u0421onsequences\nOf the winners, Darwen and Sheffield United were elected into the First Division, while Newton Heath (later known as Manchester United F.C.) remained in the First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029661-0006-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Football League, Test matches, \u0421onsequences\nOf the losers Small Heath (later known as Birmingham City F.C.) and Notts County continued in the Second Division, while Accrington resigned from the league altogether.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029662-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Football Tournament\nStatistics of the Football Tournament in the 1892/1893 season. The format was slightly unusual in that all games had to have a winner. Therefore, if the match was level after 90 minutes, extra time was played. If the match was still level after extra time, the match was replayed until a winner emerged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029662-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Football Tournament, Overview\nIt was contested by 5 teams, and Akademisk Boldklub won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029663-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe 1892\u201393 French Rugby Championship was the second edition of the annual French rugby union championship under the auspices of the USFSA, a one off game between Racing Club de France and Stade Fran\u00e7ais. Stade Fran\u00e7ais defeated Racing Club de France in the final to win the Bouclier de Brennus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029663-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe tournament was played by five clubs, with a preliminary round, semifinals and final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029663-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 French Rugby Union Championship, Finale\nThe referee,  Thomas Ryan, had participated 1884 at the first tour by New Zealand in New South Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029664-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nDuring the 1892\u201393 season Hearts competed in the Scottish Football League, the Scottish Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029665-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Irish League\nThe Irish League in season 1892\u20131893 comprised 6 teams, and Linfield F.C. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029666-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Kilmarnock F.C. season\nSeason 1892\u201393 was the 20th season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029666-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Kilmarnock F.C. season, Overview\nFor the second consecutive season, Kilmarnock competed in the Scottish Football Alliance and finished seventh out of 10 teams. They reached the second round of the Scottish Cup after a 2\u20131 win against to Albion Rovers at Meadow Park but were eliminated in the second round by Queen's Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029666-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Kilmarnock F.C. season, Overview\nKilmarnock also suffered a second round defeat in the Ayrshire Cup. After receiving a bye in the first round, they lost 5\u20134 to Ayr Parkhouse. Killie's defence of the Kilmarnock Merchants' Charity Cup ended at the final hurdle as they lost 5\u20132 to Annbank in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season\nThe 1892\u201393 season was the ninth season of competitive association football played by Lincoln City F.C. After finishing in ninth position in the Football Alliance in 1891\u201392, Lincoln City was one of 12 clubs elected to the newly formed Second Division for the 1892\u201393 Football League season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season\nDuring the season, City coped well at home winning six of their 11 matches, but all season they constantly struggled only winning once at Burslem Port Vale, in the second half of the season Lincoln did score five goals in three home matches with Frank Smallman becoming the first Lincoln City player to score a hat-trick in the football league when he netted four against Burton Swifts in February. At the end of the season Lincoln finished 9th in the league and had to apply for re-election which was successful as the division was to be expanded to 16 teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season\nIn the 1892-93 FA Cup Lincoln entered at the first qualifying round and after beating Newark Town, Greenhalgh's and Rotherham Town, they succumbed to a heavy 0\u20135 defeat away at local rivals Grimsby Town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0003-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season\nIn all competitive league and cup matches Lincoln used 20 players and had 10 different goalscorers, William Gresham, Quentin Neill, Frank Smallman and James Gresham played in all 22 league games and the six cup matches, Frank Smallman scored 19 goals in total while no other player reached double figures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0004-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Background\nAlthough Lincoln City struggled in the 1891\u201392 season in the Football Alliance finishing in 9th place and with debts of \u00a3110, the committee decided to spend a sizeable sum over the close season on summer wages and signing-on fees, the new recruits were goalkeeper William Gresham from Gainsborough Trinity, back Charles Coulton from Birmingham St George's and forwards James Kelly from Renton F.C. and finally Robert Cameron from Clydebank.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0005-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, September\nLincoln City started their campaign at Bramall Lane against Sheffield Utd, the start was delayed by 35 minutes due to Lincoln turning up late and then they were a goal behind within 10 minutes, Robert Cameron scored Lincoln City's first ever football league goal before Sheffield regained the lead before half time, the game ended 2\u20134 in favour of the home side with Irving scoring the other Lincoln goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0006-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, September\nThe \"Cits\" had to wait three weeks before their next league game when they played away against Small Heath, but had no joy again as they found themselves four goals behind by the interval, they did manage to gain a consolation goal in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0007-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, October\nLincoln's first home game was the reverse against Sheffield Utd, Mick Richardson came into the side for his debut, there were no goals in the first half, but a goal by Cameron secured Lincoln's first win and points of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0008-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, October\nAfter their first win they travelled to meet Walsall Town Swifts who had yet to win in the league, the game started in a rain storm and the first half ended goalless, but not long after the break Lincoln scored the first goal, \"this roused Walsall\" who then equalised and carried on pressing, then with five minutes to go Walsall scored the winner and secured their first win of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0009-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, October\nLincoln entered the FA Cup at the 1st qualifying stage and were drawn at home against Newark, wet weather prevailed and was played under protest, Lincoln went one nil up after 10 minutes but Newark levelled just before half-time, Shaw got injured and had to retire, Lincoln had the better of the second half and finished winners by 3\u20131. Newark protested to the FA due to the bad state of the pitch so the match was ordered to be replayed at Newark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0010-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, October\nBefore the replay Lincoln played host to Burslem Port Vale, and it wasn't long before the visitors were 2\u20130 up, before half-time Smallman scored out of a scrimmage, in the second half the home side pressed forward and Gresham levelled, then the visitors put on the pressure and scored twice in four minutes before Smallman scored a late goal, thus ending the match 3\u20134 to the visitors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0011-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, October\nIn the replayed FA Cup match at Newark the home side went one up within the first five minutes before Kelly and Irving (2) scored for Lincoln, the home side came back with two goals of their own before a goal from a scrimmage put Lincoln through to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0012-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, October\nJust two days later Lincoln travelled to Greenhalgh's F.C. for the 2nd round qualifying tie in the FA Cup, a big crowd gathered due to the home team's good form, not long after the start Moore scored for Lincoln, it stayed like that till the second half when Lincoln scored two more goals, according to the Nottingham Evening Post both goalkeepers made \"splendid\" and \"capital\" saves, and in the end Lincoln won 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0013-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, November\nTheir next fixture was an away friendly fixture against Woolwich Arsenal, although Lincoln lost 0\u20134, it was noted for the appearance of Welsh International Bob Roberts playing in Lincoln colours having signed from Preston North End F.C", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0014-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, November\nRoberts made his official debut a week later in the home league match against second place Darwen F.C., with Lincoln lying bottom of the league with two points, Lincolnshire Chronicle reported of the home fans \"sanguine anticipation\", and Lincoln didn't let their fans down, Smallman gave them a first half lead, in the second half Lincoln had their chances to improve the scoreline but it was Darwen who pressed near the end and after striking the crossbar they eventually grabbed a leveller.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0015-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, November\nNext up was the home tie against Rotherham Town in the FA Cup 3rd qualifying round, 3000 spectators watched the match, although a close tie, Smallman and Irving put Lincoln 2 up before half time and the score stayed the same, so Lincoln progressed to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0016-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, December\nThis was a busy month for Lincoln they played five league games and one FA Cup match, first up was the away fixture at Burslem Port Vale, although the opening exchanges were even, Lincoln were soon leading by two goals, before Burslem pulled one back before half time, the home side pressed forward in the second half but were unable to add another goal, thus giving Lincoln their first away league win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0017-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, December\nNext up was the away tie in the 4th FA Cup qualifying against local rivals Grimsby Town, on a frozen pitch covered in sand the match went ahead in front of 4000 supporters, but it was a day to forget as Lincoln were soundly beaten 0\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0018-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, December\nLincoln were back in bottom position after their visit to Burton Swifts, the game was fairly even until the 25th minute when attempting to save the ball Roberts put into his own net, and by half-time Burton had doubled their lead, after the restart the Swifts scored two more before Lincoln started to play better and Jock Fleming scored twice, but the game finished 2\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0019-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, December\nOver the Christmas period Lincoln had two home games, first up was third place Ardwick, Lincoln's Smallman scored the opener in the first half then both teams scored in the second half giving Lincoln an unexpected win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0020-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, December\nBoxing Day was a bank holiday so around 2000 turned up to watch Lincoln host Crewe Alexandra, the match was played in dense fog and before Jock Fleming scored before half time Smallman had hit the bar and Crewe had a goal disallowed for offside, in the second half Crewe played stubbornly before equalizing near the end to earn a point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0021-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, December\nLincoln visited Northwich Victoria on New Year's Eve, a match watched by a 1000 spectators, Victoria won by 2\u20131 and it could have been a lot more if it hadn't been for the Lincoln backs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0022-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, January\nThe New Year started with a home game against Small Heath, played in bitterly cold conditions on a hard surface, Lincoln went in at half time 2\u20131 leaders after being 1 down after 20 minutes, a goal each after the interval restored Lincoln's 1-goal lead, but the win was lost in the last fifteen minutes when Small Heath scored twice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0023-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, January\nA week later Lincoln made the long trip to Darwen and within a minute of the start Lincoln were losing 0\u20131, Darwen continued to press and scored again before Roberts scored his first Lincoln goal from a free kick, in the second half Darwen scored again, they carried on pressing but shooting was made difficult due to the ice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0024-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, January\nTwo weeks later Lincoln were again on their travels this time to Crewe Alexandra, they started better this time with James Gresham scoring in the first five minutes, Lincoln continued to have the better of the play then just before half time they conceded three goals in just three minutes, in the second half they added another, so Lincoln lost 1\u20134, their fourth defeat in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0025-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, February\nAfter another two-week league break Lincoln needed some luck and the weather did its part when Burton Swifts visited, defending against the wind the home side only conceded one goal before half time, after the interval it was a different story with Lincoln playing with the wind they scored five times with Frank Smallman netting four, thus scoring Lincoln City's first ever Professional League hat trick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0026-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, February\nA week later Lincoln visited Grimsby Town for the first Lincolnshire derby in the Football League and according to the Lincolnshire Echo \"a small band of 400 to 500 went out to Grimsby\". It turned out to be a good match with both teams scoring in each half to share the points, Smallman bagged himself another two goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0027-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, February\nNorthwich Victoria were up next at the John O'Gaunts ground and although the visitors were lying higher in the league table Lincoln were full of confidence, but very early on in the match Northwich took the lead, but before half time Smallman leveled the game with his seventh goal in three matches, the second half was a different matter as City scored three goals in as many minutes and just before the end Northwich scored an own goal, so in consecutive home matches Lincoln have won by 5\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0028-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, March\nLincoln were at home again on the first Saturday in March against Lincolnshire rivals Grimsby Town, after three matches without defeat a lot was expected from the 3000 crowd and early on J.Gresham gave the home side the lead, but after that it was all Grimsby who went on to win the game 3\u20131. A Lincolnshire Echo columnist reported \"The City were very disappointing\" and \"it is time the Committee began to look up some new blood for next season\" and \"advised they fight shy of third rate Scotch men as long as there is a decent local man to be caught hold off.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0029-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, March\nIt was over three weeks before Lincoln's next league game and that was another home match this time against Walsall Town Swifts, in front of 2000 spectators the game kicked off at 3:30 pm, and within five minutes Smallman put Lincoln ahead, all the action happened in the first half with Smallman scoring three times for his second hat trick of the season and making his tally off 10 goals in last five matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0030-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, April\nDue to Easter this was Lincoln's second game in two days and their last at home in the league this season, they entertained Bootle and it was an evenly contested first half with Cits leading 1\u20130 thanks to a Raby goal, in the second half Lincoln had scored two more within six minutes off the start, Bootle scored a tame goal in reply before Lincoln added another two, so for the third time Lincoln had won a match by 5\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0031-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Review, April\nLincoln's last two matches of the season were both away and played within three days, both ended in defeat firstly against Bootle where they lost 1\u20134, then two days layer they suffered a 1\u20133 defeated to Ardwick, in both matches Moore scored the Lincoln goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029667-0032-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Lincoln City F.C. season, Squad statistics\nThis table includes appearances and goals in nationally organised competitions \u2013 the Football League and FA Cup \u2013 only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029668-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe 1892\u201393 season was the first season in Liverpool Football Club's existence, and their first year in the Lancashire League and the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029669-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Netherlands Football League Championship\nThe Netherlands Football League Championship 1892\u20131893 was contested by five teams from the cities Amsterdam, The Hague, Haarlem and Rotterdam. The teams participated in the competition that would later be called Eerste Klasse West. But since the western football district of the Netherlands was the only one to have a competition at the time, it could be regarded as a national championship. Koninklijke HFC won the championship, however this championship was not official, since the teams had not played an equal number of matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029670-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Newcastle United F.C. season\nThe 1892\u201393 season was the first season in the history of Newcastle United after the merger of Newcastle East End and Newcastle West End. The club started the season as Newcastle East End, taking the name Newcastle United during December. They participated in the Northern League, the only season they have not competed in The Football League, finishing in second place behind Middlesbrough Ironopolis. They also competed in the FA Cup, but lost in the first round to Middlesbrough.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029670-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Newcastle United F.C. season, Matches, League\n* Newcastle played this game with ten men, as Joseph McKane missed the train and failed to turn up. The match was also delayed by 45 minutes as the rest of the team arrived late.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029671-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Newton Heath F.C. season\nThe 1892\u201393 season was Newton Heath's first season in the Football League. They finished last in Division One championship with 18 points and due to the absence of formal relegation from the league they were one of the teams that had to win a test match against a Second Division team in order to retain their place in the league for the following season. They beat Birmingham City after two matches to remain in the top division. Newton Heath lost to Blackburn Rovers in their opening match in the FA Cup this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029672-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Northern Football League\nThe 1892\u201393 Northern Football League season was the fourth in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029672-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Northern Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 6 clubs which competed in the last season, no new clubs joined the league this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029673-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Northwich Victoria F.C. season\nThe 1892\u201393 season was Northwich Victoria's first season in the Football League. They competed in the newly formed 12 team Football League Second Division, for which they were a founding member. The league was then the second tier of English football, where they finished in seventh-place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029673-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Northwich Victoria F.C. season, Season synopsis\nThe season began on 3 September 1892, when Northwich played Grimsby Town, losing 2\u20131. Losing a further two games, it was not until 24 September when Northwich gained their first points in a 1\u20131 draw at Manchester City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029674-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Ottawa Hockey Club season\nThe 1892\u201393 Ottawa Hockey Club season was the club's eighth season of play. The Club would play in the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada (AHAC) and the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) leagues. Ottawa placed second in the AHAC championship. Ottawa won the OHA championship for the third year in a row after the Toronto Granites defaulted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029674-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Ottawa Hockey Club season, OHA season, Results\nThe Toronto Granite Club, scheduled to play the final in Ottawa, defaulted, giving the championship to Ottawa. The Granites suggested putting together a team composed of players from all Toronto teams. However, the Granites failed to organize the team and the game did not take place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029674-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Ottawa Hockey Club season, AHAC season\nThe AHAC adopted a new round-robin format for the regular season, with the league winner to be the inaugural winner of the Stanley Cup. Each team played two games against other opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 46], "content_span": [47, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029674-0003-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Ottawa Hockey Club season, AHAC season\nOttawa lost to the Montreal Victorias in the opening game of the schedule on January 7. It would be the Victorias only win of the season and was the margin between Ottawa in second and the Montreal Hockey Club in first place. Ottawa split its series with Montreal, handing Montreal its only loss. After the season, Ottawa challenged Montreal to a final playoff, but this was refused.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 46], "content_span": [47, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029675-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1892\u201393 season is the 19th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029675-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 21 competitive matches during the 1892\u201393 season. They finished second in the Scottish League with a record of 12 wins from 18 matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029675-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nThe club ended the season without the Scottish Cup after being beaten at the quarter final stage by St Bernard's, 3\u20132. They had previously defeated Annbank United and Dumbarton during the cup run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029676-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nThe 1892-93 Royal Arsenal season was their seventh since foundation as Dial Square F.C., and their fourth since their first official entry into the FA Cup. This campaign turned out to be one of the most tumultuous in the clubs history. After elimination in the first round proper of the FA Cup to Sunderland in late January, the club was taken to court by former centre-forward George Davie, who demanded fifty pounds for breach of contract earlier in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029676-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nDavie had initially been signed in October 1891, but an especially successful first season-wherein he netted 32 times in just 47 matches-Davie was re-signed by the club in the off-season of 1892. The club requested that Davie train twice per day, but an injury picked up in early September meant he only appeared in 54 of the required 156 sessions. Royal Arsenal perceived it as indiscipline on Davie's part, and terminated his contract in December of that year. But Davie argued the cause was simply down to his injury, and duly took the club to court to claim his fifty pounds. The day-long hearing ended with the jury finding for Royal Arsenal, and after this defeat Davie returned to his home country Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 748]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029676-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nAround the same time, the club was informed that George Weaver, landlord of the home ground Invicta Ground, had doubled the \u00a3200 rent to a mammoth \u00a3400, and so the club returned to Manor Field. The club also moved headquarters to the Lord Derby pub, and in early May morphed into Woolwich Arsenal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029676-0003-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Royal Arsenal F.C. season\nMeanwhile, the on-field season began with a home tie against Highland Light Infantry; the game was comfortably won 3\u20130, with the aforementioned Davie scoring alongside Arthur Elliot and captain Charles Booth. The club then won a record game against City Ramblers 10\u20131, with James Henderson, Elliot, and Booth all scoring hat-tricks(another record) alongside another Davie goal. The side then narrowly beat Millwall 3\u20132 with David Howat and Henderson scoring alongside the first competitive own goal that Royal Arsenal had ever profited from-scored by goalkeeper Obed Caygill. Gavin Crawford, Henderson and Booth all scored in a 3\u20130 victory over Clapton to ensure qualification into the first round proper of the FA Cup, but the side were thrashed 6-0 by Sunderland, conceding five first-half goals en route to elimination at that stage yet again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 880]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029677-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1892\u201393 Rugby Union County Championship was the fifth edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029677-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Rugby Union County Championship\nYorkshire won the competition for the fourth time, defeating all three teams in the Championship Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029678-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Scottish Cup\nThe 1892\u201393 Scottish Cup was the 20th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The Cup was won by Queen's Park when they beat Celtic 2\u20131 in the final after a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029678-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Scottish Cup, Final\nMatch declared void due to frozen pitch (decided pre-match after inspection, but not announced to spectators until the second half).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029678-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Scottish Cup, Final, Final replay\nThe winning goal was believed by some observers not to have fully entered the goal before being cleared, and Celtic protested but the score stood. Although their use would not have resolved that particular incident, this controversy and debate led to goal nets being introduced in the latter stages of the Scottish Cup from then on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029679-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1892\u201393 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029679-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Scottish Districts season, History\nNorth of Scotland District listed this season's district matches in September 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029679-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Scottish Districts season, History\nNorthern Counties Football Union. A meeting ot captains and secretaries of clubs this Union was held on Friday in the office of the hon. secretary, and fixed the principal Union matches under, as also those the various club fixtures. The first two matches will be under the auspices of the Union, to enable the committee to select the best team against Galashiels on 8 October. The annual match Ancients v. Moderns on the 24th Inst., probably at Holburn Grounds, is already being looked forward to among the followers of the game, and judgement as to the result of the contest is in favour of the Ancients.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029679-0003-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Scottish Districts season, History\nList matches\u2014Ancients v. Moderns, 24 September\u00a0; Probables  v. Improbables, October Ist; Galashiels v. Northern Counties. 8 October; City v. Varsity, 19 November\u00a0; Midlands v. Northern Counties, 26 November; Glasgow v. Edinburgh, 3 December\u00a0; North v. Edinburgh, 10 December\u00a0; South of Scotland v. Glasgow, 10 December; Anglo-Scots v. Scotland. 25 December; Northern Counties v. Perthshire, 2 January\u00a0; North v. South of Scotland, 14 January\u00a0; Scotland v. Wales, 4 February; Scotland v. Ireland, 18 February; City v Varsity, 25 February; Merchistonians v. Northern Counties, 4 March; Scotland v. England, 4 March. A general meeting of the Northern Counties\u2019 Union will be hold Friday, 30 September. Secretaries local clubs will please send their card of fixtures for publication.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 822]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029679-0004-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe 10 December 1892 Match listed above against Edinburgh was later listed as North and Midlands against Edinburgh District. Unfortunately this match was called off due to snow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029679-0005-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Scottish Districts season, History\nGlasgow District beat Edinburgh District in this season's Inter-City match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029679-0006-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Scottish Districts season, History\nWest of Scotland District beat East of Scotland District in this season's international trial match. Players from London Scottish, Manchester, Oxford University and Cambridge University made their way into the East and West selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029679-0007-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Scottish Districts season, History\nA North of Scotland District versus South of Scotland District match was scheduled for 14 January 1893 but called off due to the weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029679-0008-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe North of Scotland District and the South of Scotland District were reported in The Scottish Referee as feeling that the Scottish Rugby Union was not giving their players a proper estimate in regard to international selection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029680-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Scottish Football League, Overview\nCeltic became Scottish Football League champions for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029681-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Sheffield Shield season\nThe 1892\u201393 Sheffield Shield season was the first season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. The competition took place between 16 December 1892 to 21 March 1983 and was contested by three teams. The competition was won by Victoria, who after defeating New South Wales at the Association Ground would go on to win all four of their matches. George Giffen scored the most runs in the competition with 468 runs while also taking the most wickets at 33 which included a nine wicket innings against Victoria in Adelaide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029682-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Sheffield United F.C. season\nThe 1892\u201393 season was the fourth in existence for Sheffield United. This was their first season playing in the recently formed Football League Second Division as the club sought to establish itself as a major footballing force. With some members of the football committee unconvinced of the long-term future of the Football League, the club also retained its membership of the Northern League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029682-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Sheffield United F.C. season, Background\nSheffield United had finished third in the Northern League the previous season. Their ambition, however, was to play in the Football League and in April 1982 their application to join was successful at the second attempt. The club's application had previously been rejected in 1891 but with the league being expanded from 12 to 28 teams United, along with a number of other clubs including local rivals The Wednesday, were elected to play in the Football League for the 1892\u201393 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029682-0001-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Sheffield United F.C. season, Background\nTo the annoyance of the club's directors however, whereas The Wednesday were given entry directly into the First Division, United were placed in the newly formed Second Division. Despite their Football League application being successful some members of United's football committee were unconvinced of its long-term future, and so the club elected to retain its membership of the Northern League as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029682-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Sheffield United F.C. season, Kit\nWith the club now a member of The Football League, United elected to adopt a new jersey consisting of thick red and white stripes. This replaced the all white jersey they had worn in the previous season and was the first introduction of a strip that has remained (some minor alterations aside) to the present day. United retained their white jersey as a change strip and matched both shirts with blue knickers and socks. The club badge that had also adorned their jerseys the previous season was also dropped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029682-0003-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season, Pre-season\nWith United set to play in the newly formed Football League Second Division the club looked to strengthen its squad, as a number of fringe players departed Bramall Lane. Squad players William Getliff and W. Nesbitt were not retained, and long-serving defender Ned Stringer retired from playing to take up a scouting post with the club. Billy Bairstow was allowed to join local side Penistone, while Thomas Smith's brief stay with the club came to an end as he was signed by Yorkshire neighbours Barnsley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 56], "content_span": [57, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029682-0004-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season, Pre-season\nMoving in the opposite direction, Walter Wigmore was signed from Worksop Town on 12 June. By July United had added defender William Mellor, and signed striker Arthur McCabe from nearby Rotherham Town on a free transfer. Sheffield born defender George Waller, who had played in the 1890 FA Cup Final for cross\u2013city rivals The Wednesday, was signed from Middlesbrough at the start of August, before the club's pre-season dealings concluded with the arrival of wide player Joe Brady arrived from Renton. Despite this influx of new players, the established first team remained largely unchanged from the previous season, with those players signed during the summer being used mainly as reserves and making relatively few first team appearances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 56], "content_span": [57, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029682-0005-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season, Pre-season\nWith the new season about to start, United kicked off their fixture list with a show-piece friendly game against established Scottish side Celtic, beating their visitors 1\u20130 courtesy of a Harry Hammond goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 56], "content_span": [57, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029682-0006-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Sheffield United F.C. season, Squad, First team\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029682-0007-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Sheffield United F.C. season, Squad, Players leaving before the end of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 89], "content_span": [90, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season\nThe 1892\u201393 season was the twelfth season of competitive association football played by Small Heath F.C., an English football club based in Birmingham. After finishing in third position in the Football Alliance in 1891\u201392, Small Heath was one of 12 clubs elected to the newly formed Second Division for the 1892\u201393 Football League season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season\nDuring the season, the team scored 90 goals at an average of four goals per game, beat Walsall Town Swifts 12\u20130 to set a club record League victory which, as of 2012, still stands, remained undefeated on their own ground throughout the season, and won the last nine matches of the League season to take the Second Division title at their first attempt. Promotion to the First Division was not automatic, even for the champions, but depended on the results of test matches between the top three Second Division and bottom three First Division teams. Small Heath lost to Newton Heath, the 16th-placed First Division team, after a replay, so were not promoted, although the teams placed second and third were.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season\nSmall Heath entered the 1892\u201393 FA Cup at the first round proper, and lost in that round to First Division club Burnley. In local competitions, they were eliminated by Aston Villa in the semi-final of the Birmingham Senior Cup and the final of the Mayor of Birmingham's Charity Cup. Small Heath also played several friendly matches during the season, including benefit matches for players Harry Morris, Caesar Jenkyns and Fred Speller.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0003-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season\nSmall Heath used 19 different players in nationally organised competitive matches during the season and had ten different goalscorers. Three players, Fred Wheldon, Tommy Hands and Billy Ollis, appeared in every League match. The top scorer was inside-forward Wheldon with 25\u00a0League goals, a total which made him the Second Division's leading scorer, and the other four first-choice forwards all reached double figures. Chris Charsley became the first Small Heath player to represent the England national football team, and Fred Jones was capped for Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0004-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nSmall Heath Football Club's 1891\u201392 season had been relatively successful after several years of declining interest. On the field, they finished third in the Football Alliance. Off it, the Annual General Meeting of the club, held at Jenkins Street Board School in July 1892, heard that \"skilful management, good matches, and capital 'gates'\" had combined to produce a statement of financial affairs \"distinctly creditable to managers and players\", and the directors were to be congratulated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0004-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nThe club's application for election to the Football League First Division when it was expanded to 16 clubs was unsuccessful, but it was one of 12 clubs, mostly from the previous season's Football Alliance, elected to compete in the inaugural season of that league's Second Division. Alfred Jones had been acting as club secretary on a voluntary basis since 1885, when payment of players was first permitted. Prior to entering the Football League, the board of directors appointed him as the club's first paid official, as secretary-manager. Caesar Jenkyns captained the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0005-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nAll the regular first-team members during the previous season \u2013 goalkeepers Chris Charsley and George Hollis, backs Tom Bayley and Fred Speller, half-backs Ted Devey, Caesar Jenkyns and Billy Ollis, and forwards Jack Hallam, Tommy Hands, Harry Morris, Billy Walton and Fred Wheldon \u2013 remained with the club. Others from the Football Alliance side included the versatile Bernard Pumfrey and George Short, and the long-serving Charlie Simms, who was by 1892 employed as the first-team trainer, but retained his playing registration for emergencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0005-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nAmong the newcomers were back Fred Jones from Newton Heath, forward Harry Edwards, signed from Singer's of Coventry, and centre-forward Frank Mobley, who joined soon after the start of the season, also from Singer's. They played in the same kit as in the previous season: royal blue shirts and stockings with white knickerbockers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0006-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\nSmall Heath opened their first season in the Football League at home to Burslem Port Vale. The match was due to kick off at 3:30\u00a0pm, but the visitors arrived half an hour late. Small Heath won the toss and, with the dual benefit of a strong wind behind them and their opponents having only ten men because their centre-forward Billy Beats had missed his train, had most of the play in the first half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0006-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\nAfter a near-miss by Tommy Hands, their first goal came as \"the right wing took the ball in front of goal, and after a little scrimmaging it was sent between the posts\"; the goal was credited to Fred Wheldon. Port Vale rallied, and the game, \"more vigorous than scientific\", was even until Small Heath scored twice just before half-time. In the second half, with the advantage of the wind, Port Vale pulled a goal back, but the final score was 5\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0007-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\nSmall Heath made the short trip to Walsall Town Swifts for their first away match of the season. In a \"hard-fought\" game, Wheldon opened the scoring after 25 minutes with a \"swift oblique shot\" after all five forwards broke in a line. Walsall equalised with a scrappy goal from a corner, and attempted to impose themselves on the game, but the visitors' combination play held them at bay. Small Heath regained the lead when Walsall defender Alf Pinches headed into his own goal under pressure in a crowded goalmouth. In the second half, team captain Caesar Jenkyns increased the visitors' lead following a corner, and as the players of both sides tired, the play became disjointed, both goalkeepers had several saves to make, and a Walsall goal was disallowed for offside.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 823]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0008-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\nA benefit match for Harry Morris, who had been a regular first-team player since 1885 and captained the club in the 1891\u201392 season, produced an \"exciting contest\" against a Birmingham and District eleven which Small Heath won 4\u20133. The visit to Sheffield United proved less productive. The home side opened the scoring early on, and \"only good half-back and back play by the visitors prevented the United greatly increasing the lead\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0008-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\nIn the second half, with \"a brilliant sun shining in the faces of their opponents\", the play was more even, and Jack Hallam came close to equalising, but Sheffield United made the score 2\u20130 three minutes from time, when Harry Hammond ran through the Small Heath defence and scored with a \"magnificent shot\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0009-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\nA comfortable victory against Lincoln City, with two goals from Wheldon and one each from Jenkyns and debutant Frank Mobley, all scored before half-time, left Small Heath in fourth place in the division with three wins from their September programme. According to the Birmingham Daily Gazette, Mobley, \"a determined player, though on the small side, [who] passes well to his wings\", made a \"very favourable impression for a first appearance\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0010-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, October\nOctober began with a 3\u20132 defeat at Grimsby Town. The home side, who \"showed a clear superiority\" in the first half, led 3\u20131 at half-time, and though Wheldon pulled one back from a free kick against the run of play, Small Heath did well to prevent Grimsby adding to their lead. Two days later they played a close game away to Burton Swifts in \"dismal\" weather; Small Heath led at half-time, Burton equalised 20 minutes into the second half, but Small Heath regained the lead and held on for a 3\u20132 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0011-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, October\nTheir next game was an open affair at home to Crewe Alexandra, in which the accuracy of Crewe's shooting let them down. Despite playing against the wind, Small Heath led 2\u20130 by half-time, a lead extended to 6\u20130 by the close in a one-sided second half. Each goal was scored by a different player: Billy Walton, Hallam, Ted Devey, Wheldon, Hands and Mobley, of whom the Birmingham Daily Post suggested he had \"the making of an excellent centre forward\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0011-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, October\nAgainst division leaders Ardwick at Manchester, the home club took a two-goal lead by the interval, aided by some poor shooting by the visitors. Wheldon scored in the second half, and then a heavy rain- and hailstorm began, blowing into the faces of the Ardwick players. Wheldon scored again and Small Heath pressed hard, but their shooting failed to improve, and they were fortunate not to lose the game when a shot from William Lambie hit the crossbar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0012-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, October\nCharsley put up a good performance playing on the winning side for the Midlands against a Lancashire and the North XI in a trial match for the Football League representative team. Although getting a hand to the first shot on target, from Sunderland's Jimmy Hannah, he could only turn it onto the underside of the bar and into the net. Early in the second half, he made a smart double save to thwart the same club's John Campbell, first from a \"fast shot low down\" and then from the rebound. Later on, Charsley held on to the ball in a scrimmage and needed the assistance of Sheffield Wednesday full-back Tom Brandon to keep from carrying the ball over the line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0013-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, October\nIn Small Heath's last game in October, at home to Darwen, a 3\u20132 victory was marred by a serious injury to full-back Fred Speller. Soon after kickoff. Speller was in the act of kicking the ball when the onrushing William Campbell collided with him, knocking him to the ground. A police constable administered first aid before the player, whose leg was broken, was carried from the field on a plank and taken to hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0013-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, October\nOn a heavy pitch in poor condition, it was nearly impossible to dribble the ball, and Small Heath's decision to play on with only one back meant Darwen's attackers were frequently caught offside. In the second half, Small Heath's forwards took control, and repeated attacks resulted in goals from Hallam and from Hands after Hallam had struck the bar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0013-0002", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, October\nDarwen's committee decided not to proceed with a protest lodged \"on account of the bankings at the corners of the field\", despite \"the Small Heath ground hardly reflect[ing] credit on a club which holds such an important position in the football world\". The win meant Small Heath overtook Darwen to reach second place in the division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0014-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, November\nBecause of other teams' FA Cup engagements, Small Heath played only twice in the League during November. A comfortable victory by four goals to one at Bootle on 5 November took them to the top of the table, one point clear of Ardwick who lost at Grimsby. Their next game was less straightforward. At home to Burton Swifts, the visitors' superior finishing gave them a 2\u20130 lead at half-time; the second half was quite the opposite.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0014-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, November\nMobley scored from a Hallam cross after ten minutes, \"shot after shot was sent in to the Burton goal\", and eventually, with ten minutes left, Walton headed home the equaliser. The crowd's vocal support and the home side's \"desperate efforts to win\" were rewarded by Caesar Jenkyns with a late header.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0015-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, November\nBilly Walton scored the only goal of a friendly match against First Division team Derby County, in which Small Heath gave a first opportunity to brothers Arnold and Fred Jones. In the first half, Derby's attacks were foiled by the defensive tactics of the Small Heath half-backs, on fine form, and Wheldon twice hit the post. Derby, who had the better of the second half, appeared to score from a free kick, but the goal was disallowed because the ball had not been touched on its way to the net.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0015-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, November\nThat apart, Small Heath's defence held out, and Hollis, in goal for the unavailable Charsley, \"defended brilliantly\". The next weekend, they enjoyed a comfortable 4\u20131 win against Gainsborough Trinity. Despite playing only friendlies in the second half of the month, Small Heath retained their lead in the division, level on points with Darwen having played one game fewer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0016-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, December\nIn their first League match for three weeks, Small Heath played out a 1\u20131 draw with Sheffield United. Wheldon's positional sense left him free to receive a pass from Mobley and score after only five minutes, and then the game went from end to end, both sides attacking but failing to score. Full -back Fred Jones turned up late, but once he did take the field he was kept busy by the Sheffield forwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0016-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, December\nThe visitors had much the better of the second half; \"shot after shot rained upon the Small Heath goal, and it was only by swarming round Charsley that the Coventry road men kept the ball out.\" With 11 minutes left, the ball was dribbled from the goal-line into midfield, then passed from flank to flank before a cross from Drummond found Davies who scored the equalising goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0017-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, December\nA top-of-the-table clash followed as Small Heath visited Darwen in what the Blackburn Standard described as \"the most exciting game that has been played on the Darwen ground for years\". In icy conditions, Small Heath scored early, again just before the interval, and a combination of home goalkeeper Kenyon and defender Orr presented them with a third soon afterwards; Darwen scored three times in the last 12 minutes to take the game 4\u20133. The same newspaper suggested that were it not for the \"grand player\" Charsley's \"magnificent display, the Birmingham club would have met with a severe thrashing\". The win gave Darwen a three-point lead in the table, having played one more game than Small Heath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0018-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, December\nSmall Heath returned to winning ways the following week at home to Walsall Town Swifts, producing what remains, their record League victory: they won 12\u20130. Six goals came in each half, three from Mobley, three by Walton, whose third was the culmination of a \"brilliant run\", and two each from the other three forwards, Hallam, Wheldon and Hands. The goalscoring continued on Christmas Eve with a 6\u20130 victory at Northwich Victoria, and a 3\u20131 home win against Crewe Alexandra which meant Small Heath would begin the new year at the top of the table. On Boxing Day, they visited Aston Villa for a friendly attended by 7,000 spectators. Without both Charsley and George Hollis, trainer Charlie Simms played in goal as Villa won 3\u20132 with the last kick of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0019-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\nSimms made his Football League debut at Lincoln City in place of Caesar Jenkyns, who had missed his train. In bitterly cold weather, after snow had been cleared from the pitch, Lincoln took advantage of winning the toss by choosing to play downhill, and took a 2\u20131 lead. On change of ends, Small Heath came back into the game, and scored twice in the last quarter of an hour to take the game 4\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0020-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\nOn a hard and dangerous playing surface, Small Heath had much the better of the game against Northwich Victoria. The visitors scored first, which only served to settle the home side. The forwards dominated, the remainder of the first half being \"practically a bombardment of the Northwich goal\". After Hallam used his pace to equalise, inside-left Wheldon was actively involved in the rest of the goals. Hallam just failed to reach the rebound from Wheldon's shot, and full-back Billy Ollis headed home from a Wheldon cross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0020-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\nThe same player's shot across goal was tapped in by Walton, and a goal was awarded despite the Northwich goalkeeper's claim that the ball had not crossed the line. Wheldon himself scored the fourth with a \"brilliant shot\", then he and Hands ran the ball upfield before crossing for Hallam to score with a header. In the second half, Wheldon scored Small Heath's sixth from 30 yards (27\u00a0m), before the pace of the game dropped and Northwich scored a consolation with a long-range cross-shot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0021-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\nAfter the match, 150 guests attended a dinner at the Old Royal Hotel in central Birmingham \"in order that the shareholders and friends of the Small Heath Club might meet the players and congratulate them of their achievements and wish them still further success\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0021-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\nWalter Hart, the club's chairman, spoke of the good character of the players, most of whom still worked at their own trades when not required for football, suggesting that \"a man who had nothing to do but loaf about from week's end to week's end was not ready for play, and such a mode of life was not conducive to good football\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0021-0002", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\nHe praised the players' esprit de corps and pluck which had taken them to the top of the division, and encouraged them to resist the temptation to sign for other clubs, insisting that \"whatever money [the club] made after providing things of necessity would come to the players and\u00a0... the club could do as well for its players, if they only clung together, as any club in the country\". In reply, captain Caesar Jenkyns agreed that the players' efforts meant they \"deserved all the praise that had been bestowed on them\", and promised they would do their utmost to beat First Division club Burnley the following week in the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0022-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\nDespite media predictions of an upset, their utmost proved insufficient, though in the Dart's opinion, \"Small Heath deserve[d] all praise for the splendid fight they made with the Burnley eleven, who are all great players on their own ground.\" Playing downwind, Burnley scored after half an hour from a scrimmage under the crossbar, and doubled their lead on the stroke of half-time. In the second half, \"dangerous fouls\" were given against both sides. Small Heath continued to play a neat passing game but were kept at bay by Burnley's strong defence and the offside rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0023-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\nSmall Heath's final game of January was a 3\u20131 defeat of Burton Swifts in the Birmingham Cup. They went into February with a three-point lead over Darwen, each club having only four League games left to play. Sheffield United, in third place, eight points behind with five games in hand, were the only other team with a chance of overtaking them for the divisional title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0024-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, February\nWith no competitive fixture for the first two weekends of the month, friendlies were arranged against First Division Bolton Wanderers, at home, and Royal Arsenal away. With Charsley, a serving police officer, unavailable, regular full-back Fred Jones played in goal, giving an opportunity to triallist Arthur Littleford at right-back, as Small Heath beat Bolton 4\u20133, the visitors having a goal disallowed late on in the game. \"In the presence of a large company\", Arsenal won 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0025-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, February\nWhen Small Heath finally returned to League football, their forwards, \"conspicuous for some really beautiful passing\" on a soft and slippery playing surface, gave them a 6\u20132 victory over Bootle. The Sheffield & Rotherham Independent accepted that their local team was not going to win the title, for \"Small Heath can scarcely be dislodged except by a very great reversal of form such as is not likely to come about\", though still expected Sheffield United to finish in the top three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0026-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, February\nChris Charsley became the first Small Heath player to play for England, and only the second, after Caesar Jenkyns for Wales, to represent his country at full international level, when he took the field against Ireland on 27 February at Aston Villa's ground in Perry Barr, Birmingham. Although a strong team, it was composed solely of amateurs. Charsley had little to do, as England won the match 6\u20131, but a series of four saves in quick succession \"demonstrated his ability between the sticks to everyone's satisfaction\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0027-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, February\nBack in the League, Hollis took Charsley's place in goal, as customary in the latter's absence. The heavy ground did not suit the visitors, Grimsby Town, and the Small Heath forwards' hard-working combination play brought them victory by eight goals to three. The following week, the Coventry Road ground hosted benefit matches for striking ironplate-workers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0027-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, February\nAround 1,500 spectators watched a match between tinplate- and ironplate-workers' elevens, followed by a second between teams raised by former Aston Villa captain Archie Hunter, whose poor health prevented him playing, and the recently retired Small Heath forward Eddy Stanley, who led his team to a 9\u20133 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0027-0002", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, February\nSmall Heath went into March with a four-point lead over Darwen, each club having only two League games left to play, but the former's goal average was so much superior that Sheffield United, in third place, ten points behind with five games in hand, were the only team still able to overhaul them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0028-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, March\nSmall Heath fielded eight of their regular starting eleven in a friendly against First Division Nottingham Forest. A close and exciting game, which featured \"both goal-keepers displaying wonderful cleverness and resource\", was won by Forest with a late goal. In their first competitive fixture of the month, the quarter-final of the Birmingham Cup, they beat Wednesbury Old Athletic, a team from the Birmingham & District League, by five goals to nil in a match \"characterised by a good deal of rough play\". A \"fairly strong\" team suffered a rare home defeat in a friendly against Middlesbrough of the Northern League. Jack Hallam appeared to score in the first half, but the referee disallowed the goal, having spotted that Hallam had knocked the ball in with hand rather than head, and Middlesbrough went on to score twice without reply in the second period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 907]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0029-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, March\nFred Jones missed the Middlesbrough match because of international duty. Selected among the reserves for Wales' match against Scotland, he was required to play after both first-choice backs dropped out. The Liverpool Mercury reported that he had \"a wretched game at back and completely disorganised the Welsh defence\", as Scotland won 8\u20130, while according to the Wrexham Advertiser, \"some-one said that he appeared to have made a resolve before he went on the field not to kick the ball\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0030-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, March\nOn 20 March, Small Heath played West Bromwich Albion in a benefit match for captain Caesar Jenkyns. Teddy Jolley made his first appearance for the club, and a relatively strong side whose forwards \"were very quick on the ball, and passed remarkably well\", notably Wheldon, who \"as usual, played brilliantly\", won 5\u20130 in front of about 4,000 spectators. In an uneventful penultimate League match of the regular season, Small Heath won 3\u20130 at the Athletic Ground against Burslem Port Vale, Walton opening the scoring just before half-time with a penalty kick. The Sheffield & Rotherham Independent now predicted that Sheffield United would win their remaining four matches, all away from home, to take the divisional title on goal average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0031-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nDespite competition from holiday entertainments which included the Military Tournament at Bingley Hall, Hengler's circus at Curzon Hall, the fairground, variety shows and dancing at Aston Lower Grounds, and boating and other amusements in the public parks, a large attendance was expected at Small Heath's last League match of the season, on a fine Easter weekend at home to Ardwick. Ardwick took an early lead, which Hands came close to equalising after a clever passing move with Wheldon. Just before the interval, Wheldon forced a corner, from which the ball was rushed across the line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0031-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nIn the second half, Small Heath went all out in attack, and after the Ardwick goalkeeper had made several saves, Walton scored with a header, and Hallam made it three from a Walton pass. Ardwick pulled one back, but Small Heath's \"admirable defence\" held out \"by watchfulness and combination\" for a gratifying result for the supporters. On Easter Monday they visited Middlesbrough where they lost 2\u20131 to the Ironopolis club in a friendly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0032-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nThe next Saturday saw the meeting with Aston Villa in the semifinal of the Birmingham Senior Cup. Both clubs fielded full first teams, Small Heath missing only Walton, for whom Harry Edwards proved a \"very indifferent\" substitute. In front of 15,000 spectators at Aston Lower Grounds, Small Heath outplayed their First Division opponents for the first half-hour, and had several chances which they failed to take, but Aston Villa improved thereafter, winning 5\u20130 after a quite one-sided second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0033-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nOn the Monday, Darwen visited Small Heath to play a benefit match for Fred Speller, who had been injured playing against that club in October. Unfortunately for the beneficiary, the attendance was affected by the semi-final of the Mayor's Charity Cup between Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion being played the same day. Friendlies against First Division Stoke and West Bromwich Albion produced wins by 4\u20132 and 4\u20131 respectively, and Sheffield United's failure to beat Walsall in their last League match of the season confirmed Small Heath as inaugural Second Division champions. Ahead of the promotion test match, against 16th-placed First Division team Newton Heath at Stoke's Victoria Ground, the Birmingham Daily Gazette was sure that \"all the good wishes of Midland sportsmen will go with the Heathens for their success after a consistently good season's performance\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 921]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0034-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nSmall Heath forced several early corners, but then conceded on the break when Alf Farman scored from a Tommy Fitzsimmons pass. Towards half-time, they had chances from a scramble in front of the Newton Heath goal, and pressed hard after the interval, the persistence of Wheldon eventually securing an equaliser \"after brilliant work by all of the Small Heath forwards\". \"Capital defensive play\" by both teams prevailed thereafter, and the match was drawn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0034-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nThe Manchester Guardian noted the contrast in attacking style, as \"the Small Heath players were playing a most scientific game, but the rushes of Newton Heath were often very dangerous\", and the Gazette's reporter felt that half-backs George Short and, particularly, Jenkyns had been \"inclined to take matters a little too easily\" in the first half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0035-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nTwo days later, Small Heath, with Jack Lee and Bernard Pumfrey in the forward line instead of Walton and Mobley, and Littleford standing in at back, played a similarly depleted Wolverhampton Wanderers in the semi-final of the Mayor of Birmingham's Charity Cup. Hands scored Small Heath's opening goal, but sustained a leg injury after about half an hour; although he continued for a time, he was struggling, and could not complete the game. Despite the numerical disadvantage, Lee scored twice for Small Heath to take the tie 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0036-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nHarry Morris replaced the injured Hands at outside left for the test match replay at Olive Grove, Sheffield. Newton Heath had a goal disallowed for handball before Wheldon opened the scoring with a powerful shot from distance. After several attacks at each end \u2013 Tom Bayley cleared off the line and Wheldon hit the foot of a post \u2013 Farman equalised after 37 minutes with a penalty awarded against Bayley for handball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0036-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nSoon after half-time, Newton Heath took the lead from a goalmouth scramble, within a minute a pass from Hallam found Walton who equalised, but in the end Small Heath were overrun. With 18 minutes remaining, goals from Joe Cassidy, Jimmy Coupar and Farman made the final score 5\u20132, ensuring that Small Heath would remain in the Second Division for another year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0037-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nIn the final of the Mayor's Charity Cup at the Lower Grounds \u2013 Small Heath's last competitive match of the season, and their fourth in eight days \u2013 Hallam opened the scoring from the rebound after a long shot hit the post in the first attacking move of the game. Aston Villa took a 2\u20131 lead, Small Heath equalised in the second half, but Villa scored the winning goal after torrential rain had driven \"a great many\" of the spectators from the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0038-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nSmall Heath went through the season unbeaten at Coventry Road. In the League, they scored 90 goals, at a rate of more than 4 goals per game, and all five first-choice forwards reached double figures. The leading scorer was Fred Wheldon, with 25 goals from the 22 League fixtures and 1 in the test match, a total which made him the top scorer for the Second Division. Wheldon, Tommy Hands and Billy Ollis were ever-present in the League, and Caesar Jenkyns and Jack Hallam missed only one game apiece.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0039-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nUnable to dislodge Wheldon or Billy Walton from the inside forward position, Harry Edwards chose to leave at the end of the season. Tom Bayley was released, and Fred Jones left for Lincoln City after losing his place at left back to Bernard Pumfrey. Harry Morris retired to concentrate on his plumbing business. Fred Speller attempted a comeback, appearing twice for the first team in September 1893, but the injury received against Darwen effectively proved the end of his football career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0040-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nSpeculation by \"people who profess to believe that these test matches will not be played at all, and that if they are, and a First Division team is knocked out, the rules will be circumvented in some way\" proved unfounded. The League's Annual General Meeting heard proposals that the First Division be expanded to either 20 or 18 teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0040-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nBoth motions were seconded by Small Heath \u2013 not surprisingly, after they as champions had failed to gain promotion while the teams in second and third place had succeeded \u2013 but both were defeated, thus confirming that the team would play in the Second Division for the 1893\u201394 season. Small Heath were to finish that season as runners-up and, this time, achieved promotion to the First Division via the test matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0041-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Match details\nFor consistency, attendances and goalscorers' names in the League, Test Match and FA Cup match details tables are sourced from Matthews' Complete Record. Attendance figures were estimated, so information in contemporary newspaper reports could, and often did, differ. For example, the attendance at the last match of the regular season, against Ardwick, is variously recorded as 1,000, 2,000, and \"about 4,000\". League positions are sourced from 11v11.com.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029683-0042-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Small Heath F.C. season, Squad statistics\nThis table includes appearances and goals in nationally organised competitions \u2013 the Football League, including promotion test matches, and FA Cup \u2013 only. For a description of the playing positions, see Formation (association football)#2\u20133\u20135 (Pyramid).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season\nThe 1892\u201393 season was the eighth since the foundation of St. Mary's F.C. based in Southampton in southern England. It was the second year that the club competed in the qualifying rounds of the FA Cup and the first season that the club embraced professionalism with several players being signed on professional terms. This policy was not to prove a great success initially as the club were not only defeated in the second qualifying round of the FA Cup but also suffered their first-ever defeat in a final of a Hampshire F.A. cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nAt the start of the season, the club's administration was in disarray as the secretary, Mr. J. Hendin was seriously ill and was convalescing in Brighton. As a result, by the end of August no fixture list had been printed and rumours were circulating in the local press that the club was \u00a350 in debt. Several of the club's best players were unavailable with F. A. Delamotte's work as a surveyor taking him to Derby and Ernie Nicholls also leaving the area; Arthur Farwell's employment with Edwin Jones made him unavailable to play on Saturday afternoons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nTo bolster the side, the committee attempted to recruit George Ridges on professional terms from local rivals, Freemantle, but Ridges refused the offer and remained with the \"Magpies\" as an amateur. The \"Saints\" then turned their attentions to another Freemantle player, Jack Dollin, who was paid \u00a31 a week and found a job, thus becoming the club's first professional player, although the club kept his professional status a secret for many years, for fear of being ostracised by other clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0003-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nThe club's opening match was a friendly played at The County Ground against a team from the South Staffordshire Regiment on 17 September 1892. The appearance of the players was described as \"shambolic\" with the players turning out in a variety of shirts, with two players in white, three in various coloured shirts and only half the side wearing the correct strip of alternate cherry red squares. The players' appearance was reflected in their performance, with the team suffering a 4\u20130 defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0003-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nThe next three matches were also lost and there was a \"palpable sense of relief\" in the town when the Saints defeated Newbury in the first qualifying round of the FA Cup on 15 October. Two weeks later, however, the side were easily defeated in the next round of the cup, going down 4\u20130 to Maidenhead; this was the Saints first defeat in a major cup match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0004-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nAfter the FA Cup defeat, the St. Mary's committee attempted to sign F.W. Janes, who had scored a hat-trick for Maidenhead, but the signing was overturned by the Football Association. In an attempt to strengthen the side, the committee then advertised for players in the \"athletic press\"; the first major new signing was Jack Dorkin, who was \"bought out\" of his service with the Royal Engineers based at Chatham in Kent. As with Jack Dollin, his status was rather ambiguous initially with the club maintaining that he should be \"reckoned as an amateur player\", although he was signed too late to be able to play in the Hampshire Senior Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0005-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nIn the Hampshire Senior Cup, the team reached the finals where they were eliminated by local rivals, Freemantle in controversial circumstances (see below).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0006-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nHaving suffered two cup defeats (never having lost a major cup match before), St. Mary's played out the season with friendly matches. Most notable of these was the penultimate match of the season, played at the County Ground on 26 April 1893 against Stoke who were founder members of The Football League and were seventh in the First Division. St. Mary's were without captain George Carter but were able to call on the services of 18-year-old Charles Miller.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0006-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nMiller had made his debut for St. Mary's a year earlier, but was later to achieve fame as the \"father of Brazilian football\". Another large crowd, \"packed around the ropes like peas in a pod (with) the grandstand full to overflowing\" witnessed a comprehensive defeat, with Stoke winning 8\u20130 as the Saints were \"outplayed fairly and squarely on every point\". Despite the defeat, the spectators \"thoroughly enjoyed the exhibition, and it is hoped that we shall witness more matches of a similar character\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0007-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nThe size of the defeat in this match served to bring home the need for St. Mary's to look outside the local area for players; within little over a year, the Saints had signed three of the Stoke team (forward Charles Baker and half-backs Alf Littlehales and Lachie Thomson) in readiness for their first season in the Southern League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0008-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nTowards the end of the season, St. Mary's recruited their first player from a Football League club when former Everton player Ernie Taylor joined the club. Taylor was employed as a cashier with the American Shipping Company in Liverpool, but was transferred to their Southampton office. Taylor was engaged by St. Mary's as an amateur and made his competitive debut on 15 April 1893 in the Hampshire County Cricket Club Charity Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0009-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, FA Cup\nThe Saints entered the FA Cup in the First Qualifying Round when they defeated Newbury 4\u20131 (with a hat-trick from Bob Kiddle) at the Antelope Ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0010-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, FA Cup\nIn the Second Qualifying Round they played Maidenhead at the Antelope Ground on 29 October 1892. Although the team was boosted by Ernie Nicholls (who had returned from his temporary absence) and George Ridges (on loan from Freemantle), they suffered a 4\u20130 defeat. Apart from the Hampshire County Cricket Club Charity Cup the previous April, this was the Saints first defeat in a cup match. Three of Maidenhead's goals were scored by F.W. Janes. St. Mary's promptly signed Janes on professional terms, but the signing was revoked by the Football Association, who judged that he was \"in no fit condition to realise what he was doing when he signed for Southampton\", presumably because he had consumed too much alcohol at the time of signing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0011-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nSt. Mary's also competed in the Hampshire Senior Cup in 1892\u201393, hoping to claim a third consecutive victory. After 2\u20130 wins over the Royal Engineers and an amateur side representing Portsmouth, they reached the final against local rivals Freemantle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0012-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nWith Dorkin unavailable, Southampton were able to call on the services of Delamotte, who had returned to the town, and Farwell, who had been allowed to take the afternoon off work. The final, played at the County Ground on 11 March, generated great excitement in the town and produced a crowd estimated at 7,000 and gate receipts of \u00a3122.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0012-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nThe Bournemouth Guardian reported: \"the attendance completely upset all ideas as to the accommodation that would be required, and the magnificent spectacle of between 6,000 and 7,000 excited individuals massed together round the field of play\u00a0... was one that Hampshire and indeed none of the counties south of the Thames and this side of London has ever witnessed at an Association football match.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0013-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nFreemantle led 1\u20130 at half-time before Jack Dollin equalised. With the score 1\u20131 and only a few minutes left to play, a Freemantle forward, Horton, was about to score past Ralph Ruffell in the Saints' goal when he was tripped by William Stride. Despite protests from St. Mary's, the referee awarded a penalty to Freemantle, which was converted by Shirley Hawkins, giving Freemantle their first trophy. After the match, captain George Carter protested to the referee that the foul had been committed outside the penalty area, saying that he could point out the exact spot where the offence occurred. The referee, Mr. Royston Bourke, replied: \"In that case, I suggest you have a tombstone erected over it.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0014-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nSt. Mary's initially lodged a formal protest but this was withdrawn before the Hampshire F.A. could convene to hear it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0015-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Friendly matches\nDuring the 1892\u201393 season, St. Mary's played 27 friendly matches of which 13 were won, with five draws and nine defeats. Other than the match against Stoke, the opponents were either military sides or from clubs in southern England. Notable among these was the visit of Woolwich Arsenal, the south's only \"openly professional\" side, who were defeated 2\u20130. The most comprehensive victories were against teams from the Royal Artillery (won 7\u20130) and King's Own Rifles (won 7\u20131).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029684-0016-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 St. Mary's F.C. season, Player statistics\nThe players who appeared in any of the three Cup tournaments were as follows. This list does not include players who only played in friendly matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029685-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Stoke F.C. season\nThe 1892\u201393 season was Stoke's fourth season in the Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029685-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Stoke F.C. season\nStoke finally made an improvement in the Football League finishing in 7th position with 29 points. Stoke fielded a settled side all season as just sixteen players were used with five of them playing in every match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029685-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nIn 1892\u201393 Stoke finally made an impression in the Football League and claimed seventh place in the table. They collected 29 points, 11 more than bottom club Newton Heath, but were 19 points behind champions Sunderland. Ted Evans became the first Stoke player to be sent-off in the league when he received his marching orders in an away match at Everton on 12 November 1892, Stoke held out for a 2\u20132 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029685-0002-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nThroughout the season manager Arthur Reeves was able to field a settled side which included successful Scottish imports Davy Christie, Davy Brodie, Billy Dickson, Willie Naughton and Jimmie Robertson. Stoke went on an eight match unbeaten run through October and November and back to back home 7\u20131 and 6\u20130 victories over Newton Heath and Bolton Wanderers respectively the best results in an encouraging campaign for the \"Potters\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029685-0003-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nThere was no joy in the cup as Stoke lost 2\u20131 to Accrington in the first round. It proved to be the final meeting between the sides as Accrington resigned from the league at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029686-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Sunderland A.F.C. season\nThe 1892-93 season was Sunderland's 13th season in existence, and their third season as a Football League club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029686-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Sunderland A.F.C. season\nHaving won their first league title in the previous season, Sunderland went on to dominate the Football League in 1892-93, winning their second title by 11 points. They became the second team after Preston North End to win back-to-back titles. Sunderland remained unbeaten at home all season for the second season in a row. They became the first team to score 100 league goals in a single season (in 30 games) and only failed to score in a single league game (vs. Wolves). Forward John Campbell topped the league goalscoring charts (29 goals) for a second consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029686-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Sunderland A.F.C. season\nThe season saw the First Division expanded to 16 teams and a Second Division added, with Promotion and relegation introduced to the league for the first time. The expanded league saw Sunderland face The Wednesday, Nottingham Forest and Newton Heath for the first time. Across the two games against Newton Heath (which would go on to become Manchester United) Sunderland scored 11 goals without reply.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029687-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 Welsh Amateur Cup\nThe 1892\u201393 Welsh Amateur Cup was the third season of the Welsh Amateur Cup. The cup was won by Wrexham Gymnasium who defeated Wrockwardine Wood 1\u20130 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029688-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in English football\nThe 1892\u201393 season was the 22nd season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029688-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in English football, Events\nThe Football League and the Football Alliance formally merged, and so the Football League Second Division was formed, consisting mostly of Football Alliance clubs. The existing League clubs, minus Darwen (who were relegated) plus three of the strongest Alliance clubs (Nottingham Forest, Newton Heath  and The Wednesday, who would later be renamed Manchester United and Sheffield Wednesday respectively), comprised the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029688-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in English football, Events\nThe Second Division comprised the remaining Football Alliance teams, plus Northwich Victoria, Burslem Port Vale and Sheffield United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029688-0003-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in English football, Events\nLiverpool, formed in March 1892 by Anfield landlord John Houlding after Everton's exit to Goodison Park, join the Lancashire League. They would be elected to the Football League Second Division after one season in the Lancashire League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029688-0004-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in English football, National team, Ireland\nEngland's opening international game of the season took place in Birmingham on 25 February against Ireland, with the selectors choosing a team consisting mainly of players with connections to the Corinthians, of which seven were making their England d\u00e9buts. Chris Charsley of Small Heath, who later went on to be Chief Constable of Coventry, made his solitary England appearance in goal. Alban Harrison (Old Westminsters) and Fred Pelly (Old Foresters) made their d\u00e9buts as the two full-backs and Norman Cooper (Cambridge University) made his solitary appearance at centre-half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029688-0004-0001", "contents": "1892\u201393 in English football, National team, Ireland\nRobert Topham, an amateur player with Wolverhampton Wanderers, who had previously declined an invitation to play for Wales following his selection in 1885, made the first of his two appearances at outside right, with Walter Gilliat of Old Carthusians making his solitary appearance at inside right. Gilliat, an excellent dribbler of the ball, would probably have made more England appearances but for his religious beliefs, and went on to become the vicar of Iver and the rector of Sevenoaks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029688-0005-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in English football, National team, Ireland\nThe most notable d\u00e9butante was Gilbert Oswald Smith of Oxford University, who went on to represent his country on 20 occasions in a career spanning 8 years (scoring 11 goals) and was captain 16 times. He was considered by many to be the world's best player of the 19th Century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029688-0006-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in English football, National team, Ireland\nEngland totally dominated the match itself with Walter Gilliat scoring three times in the first 30 minutes, although Ireland had levelled the scores shortly after England's first goal. Further goals from G.O. Smith, William Winckworth and Rupert Sandilands enabled England to run out convincing 6\u20131 victors. Gilliat thus became one of only five players to have scored a hat-trick in his only appearance in an England shirt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029688-0007-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in English football, National team, Wales\nFor the match against Wales at Stoke-on-Trent two weeks later, the selectors chose a team consisting entirely of professional players, of which four were making their d\u00e9but. In goal they selected John Willie Sutcliffe of Bolton Wanderers, for the first of his 5 appearances; Sutcliffe had previously made an appearance for the English rugby union side. Jimmy Turner (Bolton Wanderers) and Jimmy Whitehead (Blackburn Rovers) made their d\u00e9buts at left half and inside right respectively. The fourth d\u00e9butante was Fred Spiksley of The Wednesday who made the first of seven England appearances at outside left, from where he scored seven goals during his England career, including a hat-trick on his debut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029688-0008-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in English football, National team, Wales\nOnce again, England were comfortable victors, with further goals from Billy Bassett, John Goodall and Jack Reynolds as England easily defeated the Welsh 6\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029688-0009-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in English football, National team, Scotland\nEngland's final international match of the season came at Richmond Athletic Ground on 1 April against Scotland who were hoping to avenge their defeat in each of the two previous seasons. England selected a strong eleven, with only Leslie Gay of Old Brightonians making his d\u00e9but in goal. Gay later played Test cricket for England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029688-0010-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in English football, National team, Scotland\nEngland ultimately enjoyed another comfortable victory; Gosling scored after 15 minutes, but Scotland went ahead with goals after 30 and 55 minutes. A goal from captain George Cotterill brought England level after 65 minutes. Fred Spiksley then scored twice in two minutes before completing his hat-trick after 84 minutes, thus enabling England to continue their fine run against the Scots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029688-0011-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in English football, National team, Scotland\nAs a result, England were the winners of the British Home Championship for the third consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029688-0012-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029689-0000-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in Scottish football\n1892\u201393 in Scottish football was the 20th season of competitive football in Scotland and the third season of the Scottish Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029689-0001-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in Scottish football, Scottish Football League\nCeltic became Scottish Football League champions for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 54], "content_span": [55, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029689-0002-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup\nQueen's Park were winners of the Scottish Cup after beating Celtic 2\u20131 in a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029689-0003-0000", "contents": "1892\u201393 in Scottish football, Junior Cup\nVale of Clyde were winners of the Junior Cup after beating Dumbarton Fern in a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029690-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\n1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1893rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 893rd  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 93rd  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  4th   year of the 1890s decade. As of the start of 1893, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029691-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 AHAC season\nThe 1893 Amateur Hockey Association of Canada season lasted from January 7 until March 17. The Montreal Hockey Club was the league and Canadian champion for the sixth season in a row and was awarded the new Stanley Cup without any competition by virtue of their status as AHAC champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029691-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 AHAC season, Executive\nOn December 15, 1892, the AHAC elected its officers for the season:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029691-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 AHAC season, Season\nOttawa and Quebec got into a dispute. Quebec protested their loss on January 21 in Quebec and refused to play in the return match until the protest was decided. The return match was scheduled for February but was not played until March 17. At the same time, Ottawa was in a dispute with the Ontario Hockey Association over the location of the final match for the Ontario championship. In the end, Ottawa seceded from the Ontario association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029691-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 AHAC season, Season, Results\n\u2020 Game awarded to Montreal because Crystals refused to continue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029691-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 AHAC season, Championship\nMontreal HC won the championship for placing first in the regular season. This was Montreal HC's third straight championship since the Championship Trophy was inaugurated in 1891. According to the terms for the trophy, Montreal HC was allowed to keep the Trophy. A new version was struck for following seasons. The version won by Montreal is on display in the collection of the Hockey Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029691-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 AHAC season, Championship\nAs champions of the AHAC, the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup (known today as the Stanley Cup) was to be awarded to Montreal as its inaugural champion. On May 15, 1893, Sheriff John Sweetland finally presented the trophy to the MAAA president J. A. Taylor during the MAAA annual meeting. Each player received a souvenir gold ring as a gift of the MAAA. Disputes between the Montreal HC and the MAAA kept the Cup in the MAAA hands until it was accepted by the Club on February 23, 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029692-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Accrington by-election\nThe 1893 Accrington by-election was held on 21 December 1893 after the incumbent Liberal MP Joseph Leese becoming the Recorder of Manchester and so having to stand for re-election as a paid government office. Leese retained the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029692-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Accrington by-election\nThe Conservative candidate, Robert Trotter Hodge had been the MP for Accrington from 1886 to 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029693-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Alabama Crimson White football team\nThe 1893 Alabama Crimson White football team represented the University of Alabama in the 1893 college football season. The team was led by head coach Eli Abbott and played their home games at Lakeview Park in Birmingham and The Quad in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. In what was the second season of Alabama football, the team finished with a record of zero wins and four losses (0\u20134).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029693-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Alabama Crimson White football team\nAlthough they finished their inaugural year with a .500 record, head coach E. B. Beaumont was fired and replaced with Abbott prior to the start of the season. The 1893 squad opened the season with a pair of losses against the Birmingham Athletic Club, first in Tuscaloosa and then again a month later at Birmingham. The Crimson White was then shutout by Sewanee in their first game against an out-of-state opponent, and then closed the season with a 40\u201316 loss in the Iron Bowl against Auburn at Montgomery. The winless season was the first of only three in the history of the Alabama program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029693-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Background\nIn their inaugural season, Alabama was led by head coach E. B. Beaumont to an overall record of two wins and two losses (2\u20132). During the season, they defeated Birmingham High School, split a pair against the Birmingham Athletic Club and lost to Auburn in their final game of the season. After the completion of the season, Beaumont was fired as head coach and replaced with former player Eli Abbott for the 1893 campaign. The team was called the \"Crimson White\" from 1893 to 1906, when their name changed to the currently used \"Crimson Tide.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029693-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Game summaries, Birmingham Athletic Club (October)\nIn the first ever game played in Tuscaloosa, the Birmingham Athletic Club (B.A.C.) defeated Alabama 4\u20130 at The Quad on the campus of the University of Alabama. In a game controlled by both defenses, the only points came on an Athletics touchdown in the second half. With the loss, this and later the 1895 and 1955 squads represented the only seasons Alabama failed to win a game at Tuscaloosa during a season that at least one game was played there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 92], "content_span": [93, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029693-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Game summaries, Birmingham Athletic Club (November)\nIn a rematch against the B.A.C. a month later at Lakeview Park in Birmingham, Alabama lost their second game of the season by a final score of 10\u20138. After they trailed 4\u20130 at the end of the first half, Alabama scored their first points of the season on a William Walker touchdown run early in the second half and tied the game 4\u20134. The Athletics retook a 10\u20134 lead when they scored a touchdown and converted the extra point, but then Walker scored his second touchdown of the game that made the final score 10\u20138 after a missed extra point. The second loss against the B.A.C. marked the only time in Alabama football history the same team defeated the Crimson Tide twice in the same season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 93], "content_span": [94, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029693-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Game summaries, Sewanee\nAgainst their first-ever opponent from outside the state of Alabama, Sewanee shut out the Crimson White 20\u20130 at Lakeview Park. The Tigers took a 4\u20130 lead in the 22nd minute of the first half when Wilson scored on a short touchdown run. Early in the second half, Sewanee extended their lead to 8\u20130 when Norman scored on a 25-yard touchdown run behind the flying wedge formation. Nelson then scored the final two Tiger touchdowns on runs of 45 and one-yard for the 20\u20130 victory. Sewanee later became one of Alabama's biggest rivals in the early decades of the football program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029693-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nAfter playing their previous game at Birmingham's Lakeview Park, the city of Montgomery gave Alabama and the Agricultural & Mechanical College of Alabama (now known as Auburn University) $500 to play each other at Riverside Park. In the second edition of what has since become known as the Iron Bowl, Auburn won 40\u201316. Auburn scored first when Rufus Dorsey scored on a 10-yard touchdown run and kicked the extra point for a 6\u20130 lead. Alabama responded on their next possession when John Burgett scored on a 35-yard touchdown run. However G. H. Kyser missed the extra point and Auburn still held a 6\u20134 lead. Auburn then extended their lead to 18\u20134 at halftime after a pair of touchdown from J. C. Dunham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029693-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nAlabama opened the second half with their second touchdown of the game. William Walker scored on a six-yard touchdown run and cut the Tigers' lead to 18\u201310. Auburn responded with touchdown runs by Snow Perkins, Arthur Redding and J. V. Brown that made the score 34\u201310. After a David Grayson touchdown for Alabama, Auburn responded with their final points of the game on a one-yard Dorsey run that made the final score 40\u201316. Governor of Alabama Thomas G. Jones presented a trophy to Auburn's captain Rufus Dorsey for their victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029693-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1893 football team according to the roster published in the 1894 edition of The Corolla, the University of Alabama yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029693-0009-0000", "contents": "1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Aftermath\nWith their loss to Auburn, Alabama completed the first winless season in Alabama football history, and since then they have had only two other winless seasons in 1895 and 1955. The losses of 1893 were attributed to the small stature of the Crimson players and not to the coaching and training of the team. As such, Abbott returned as head coach for the 1894 season and led Alabama to a winning season that included their first all-time win over Auburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029694-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Albion football team\nThe 1893 Albion football team was an American football team that represented Albion College in the 1893 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029695-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the seventh staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. Wexford were the champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029695-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, Leinster\nKilkenny refused to take the field for the second half in protest at rough play by the Wexford team. Wexford were awarded the Leinster title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 64], "content_span": [65, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029696-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the sixth All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029696-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nWexford were represented by Young Irelands, a club based in the Selskar area of Wexford town, while Cork were represented by Dromtariffe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029696-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nWexford led 1-1 to 0-1 early in the second half, when a pitch invasion began and several players were injured. The referee tried to restart the game with substitutes to replace injured players, but Cork refused. Wexford were awarded the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029696-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nCork and Wexford did not meet again in the Championship until 2010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029697-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1893 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the seventh staging of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county hurling tournament. The championship began on 5 November 1893 and ended on 21 June 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029697-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe championship was won by Cork who secured the title following a 6-8 to 0-2 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. This was their 3rd All-Ireland title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029697-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nCork were the defending champions, thus becoming the first team to retain the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029698-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1893 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 6th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1893 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at the Phoenix Park, Dublin, on 24 June 1894 between Cork, represented by club side Blackrock, and Kilkenny, represented by club side Confederation. The Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 6-8 to 0-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029699-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1893 Primera Divisi\u00f3n was the 2nd. season in top-flight football in Argentina and the first organized by current Argentine Football Association, established that same year by Alexander Watson Hutton, considered \"the father\" of Argentine football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029699-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nOnly Buenos Aires and Rosario Railway survived from the 1891 championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029699-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe championship took the format of a league of 5 teams, with each team playing each of the others twice. Lomas Athletic Club won its first league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029700-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1893 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1893 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Laurie Bliss, the Cadets compiled a 4\u20135 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 109 to 84. In the annual Army\u2013Navy Game, the Cadets lost to the Midshipmen by a 6 to 4 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029700-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Army Cadets football team\nNo Army Cadets were honored on the 1893 College Football All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029700-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Army Cadets football team, Players\nThe following Cadets were members of the 1893 Army football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1893 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and the first half of fall in 1893. The 1893 season was fairly active, with 12 tropical storms forming, 10 of which became hurricanes. Of those, five became major hurricanes. This season proved to be a very deadly season, with two different hurricanes each causing over 2,000 deaths in the United States; at the time, the season was the deadliest in U.S. history. The season was one of two seasons on record to see four Atlantic hurricanes active simultaneously, along with the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season. Additionally, August 15, 1893 was the only time since the advent of modern record keeping that three storms have formed on the same day (Hurricanes Four, Five, and Six) until 2020 saw Wilfred, Alpha, and Beta forming on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nObservations from ships indicated the presence of a tropical storm in the Bay of Campeche on June\u00a012. The storm moved northeastward across the Gulf of Mexico and intensified into a strong tropical storm. Around 23:00\u00a0UTC on June\u00a015, the system made landfall southwest of Perry, Florida, with winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h). The cyclone weakened somewhat while moving over Florida and coastal portions of Georgia and the Carolinas. After emerging into the Atlantic near the North Carolina\u2013Virginia state line early on June\u00a017, the storm strengthened, reaching hurricane intensity later that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0001-0001", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nOn June\u00a019, a ship located in the vicinity of the storm recorded a barometric pressure around 999\u00a0mbar (29.5\u00a0inHg) - the lowest in relation to the cyclone. However, the system then became losing tropical characteristics and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone about 155\u00a0mi (250\u00a0km) south of Saint Pierre and Miquelon by 00:00\u00a0UTC on June\u00a020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One\nSeveral locations in the Southeastern United States observed tropical storm-force winds, with the strongest recorded sustained wind speed being 56\u00a0mph (90\u00a0km/h) in Charleston, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nObservations of this storm began as early as July\u00a04 in the southwestern Caribbean Sea, with a ship encountering the cyclone about 130\u00a0mi (210\u00a0km) north-northeast of Col\u00f3n, Panama. The system intensified steadily while moving northwestward, becoming a hurricane around 12:00\u00a0UTC on the following day. About six hours later, the storm intensified into a Category\u00a02 hurricane and peaked with winds of 100\u00a0mph (155\u00a0km/h). The hurricane then made landfall near the Nicaragua\u2013Honduras border. The cyclone weakened back to a Category\u00a01 before re-emerging into the Caribbean off the north coast of Honduras early on July\u00a06. Continuing northwestward, the system then re-strengthened slightly, reaching winds of 90\u00a0mph (150\u00a0km/h) prior to making landfall in northern Belize around 00:00\u00a0UTC on July\u00a07. The cyclone weakened rapidly over the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula and dissipated just offshore Tabasco several hours later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 960]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nThe storm sank several ships, including many steamers loaded with fruit in Honduras. About 6,000\u00a0bunches of bananas awaiting shipment were washed away at Bonito, while fruit plantations also experienced extensive damage. A number of homes on Roat\u00e1n were also severely damaged. The hurricane reportedly caused a large loss of life. It has been paleotempestologically traced in sediment near Gales Point in Belize.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe third storm of the season formed on August 13 east of the Lesser Antilles. It steadily strengthened to a hurricane while moving over the Leeward Islands. While approaching Puerto Rico on August 16, its winds increased to major hurricane status before landfall at Patillas. It crossed the island and exited near Isabela. There were heavy rains over the island of Puerto Rico and damages to the agricultural crops, especially coffee. In San Juan 2.36\u00a0inches of rain were reported. The eye remained over Puerto Rico for a period of seven hours. The lowest barometric pressure reading recorded in San Juan was 29.17\u00a0inches. Four deaths were reported. This was the first hurricane in Puerto Rico where flags were used to alert the public about the danger of an approaching hurricane; they were flown from government buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 882]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nAlthough landfall weakened the storm, the storm regained major hurricane status as it approached the Bahamas. It then re curved northward and on August 22, made landfall in St. Margaret's Bay near Halifax, Nova Scotia as a non-tropical category 1. The storm was known in Nova Scotia as \"the second Great August Gale\" and claimed 25 lives, including the sinking of the vessels \"Dorcas\" and \"Etta Stewart.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThis hurricane was one of four active hurricanes on August 22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nThe 4th storm of the season began its life in the Central Tropical Atlantic on August 15. The storm moved west-northwestward for the first week of its life, while strengthening on the way. As it reached Category\u00a03 strength, it moved more northwestward. Cooler waters weakened the storm, but it managed to hit New York City directly as an 85\u00a0mph (137\u00a0km/h) hurricane. It was one of only two hurricanes to directly hit New York throughout the 19th century, with the other being the 1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane. This storm was one of four active hurricanes on August 22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0009-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nThe 5th storm of the season started east of Bermuda on August 15. After moving northwestward for a day, it moved northeastward and strengthened to a Category\u00a02 hurricane. The storm crossed Sable Island at peak intensity, before hitting the Burin Peninsula of Newfoundland on August 18 as a 90\u00a0mph\u00a0(145\u00a0km/h) hurricane, and dissipated the day after.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0010-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nThe 6th storm of the season formed near Cape Verde on August 15. The storm moved generally westward for the first 11\u00a0days of its life, during which it strengthened to a Category\u00a03 hurricane. As it approached the Bahamas, it moved more northwestward, paralleling the coast of Florida. The storm hit near Savannah, Georgia and was responsible for the deaths of 2,000\u00a0people as the storm submerged the South Carolina barrier islands. It moved northeastward, and underwent extratropical transition on August 31. This hurricane was one of four active hurricanes on August 22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0011-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nThe 7th storm of the season formed near the Cape Verde islands on August 20. It moved northwestward, reaching Category\u00a02 hurricane strength on August 23. The hurricane maintained its strength until August 28, when cooler waters led the storm to extratropical transition. This storm was one of four active hurricanes on August 22. This hurricane could be one of the strongest tropical cyclones to have passed the Azores in the previous 100 years. It caused significant casualties and damages at Faial and Terceira islands that were documented afterwards (M. Lima, and J. Agostinho).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0012-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eight\nThe 8th storm of the season formed in the western Caribbean Sea on September 4. After hitting the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula, it strengthened in the Gulf of Mexico to a 95\u00a0mph\u00a0(153\u00a0km/h) hurricane. It hit the southern coast of Louisiana on September 7, and dissipated over northeastern Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0013-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine\nThe Great Charleston Hurricane of 1893 The 9th storm of the season was formed southwest of Cape Verde on September 25. It moved westward for the first 8\u00a0days of its life then it moved more northwestward. During this time it strengthened to a major hurricane, and it maintained its strength until landfall. As it bypassed the Bahamas, it moved more northward, and made landfall near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina on October 13 with winds around 120\u00a0mph\u00a0(190\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0013-0001", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine\nIt moved through North Carolina and the Appalachian Mountains, was still a Category 1 Hurricane as it passed 60 miles west of Washington, D.C.. It became extratropical on October 14. The center crossed middle of Lake Ontario causing major damage in Lake Erie and Buffalo, New York. 10 ships lost and 29 stranded with 54 lives lost in the Lakes ship wrecks alone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0014-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine\nThe hurricane had an estimated Accumulated Cyclone Energy of 63.5, one of the highest of any historical Atlantic hurricane. This storm lasted 19.25 days making it the 10th longest-lasting in Atlantic tropical cyclone on record since records began in 1851.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0015-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ten\nThe 10th storm of the season began on September 27 in the western Caribbean Sea. After hitting the northeastern coast of the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula as a Category 2 hurricane, it moved through the Gulf of Mexico. As it approached the southeast coast of Louisiana, it rapidly strengthened to a Category 4 hurricane, and made landfall on October 2 as a category 4 hurricane. It moved through Alabama, Georgia, and the Carolinas before dissipating at sea. This storm was one of the first hurricanes to officially receive a Category 4 designation on the modern Saffir-Simpson scale. The hurricane flooded the Louisiana bayou with up to 16 foot storm surge with heavy surf above it and killed 2,000 people mostly by drowning and caused around $5 million (1893 dollars) in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 823]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0016-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eleven\nThe 11th storm of the season formed just south of the Isla de la Juventud on October 20. After moving through Cuba, it strengthened to a 60\u00a0mph\u00a0(97\u00a0km/h) storm before it hit the Delmarva Peninsula on October 23.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029701-0017-0000", "contents": "1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Twelve\nThe 12th and final storm of the season formed northeast of the Bahamas on November 5. The storm moved northwestward, almost hitting North Carolina as a strong tropical storm, but went out to sea, becoming extratropical on November 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029702-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Auburn Tigers football team\nThe 1893 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1893 college football season. The squad was undefeated at 3\u20130\u20132 and outscored opponents 116\u201362.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029702-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Auburn Tigers football team\nAuburn, then known as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama, counts the February 22, 1893, game versus Alabama towards the 1893 season, while Alabama counts it toward their 1892 season. Head coach D. M. Balliet led Auburn to a 32\u201322 victory in the game. George Roy Harvey coached the four games that Auburn played the following fall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029703-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Baker Methodists football team\nThe 1893 Baker Methodists football team represented the Baker University in the 1893 college football season. They were dubbed the Champion football team of the Great West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029704-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029704-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029704-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029704-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029704-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029705-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Birthday Honours\nThe 1893 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published in the London Gazette on 2 June 1893 and in The Times on 3 June 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029705-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029706-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Boston Beaneaters season\nThe 1893 Boston Beaneaters season was the 23rd season of the franchise. They won their third straight and sixth total National League pennant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029706-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029706-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029706-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029706-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029706-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029707-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Boston College football team\nThe 1893 Boston College football team was an American football team that represented Boston College during the 1893 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029708-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1893 saw the reelection of Nathan Matthews Jr. to a fourth consecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood\nThe 1893 Brisbane flood, occasionally referred to as the Great Flood of 1893 or the Black February flood, occurred in 1893 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The Brisbane River burst its banks on three occasions in February 1893. It was the occurrence of three major floods in the same month that saw the period named \"Black February\". There was also a fourth flood event later in the same year in June. The river runs through the centre of Brisbane with much of the population living in areas beside the river. It was flooded in the first flood on 6 February due to a deluge associated with a tropical cyclone, called \"Buninyong\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood\nThe second cyclone struck on 11 February, causing relatively minor flooding compared to the first flood. When the third cyclone came on 19 February, it was almost as devastating as the first, and it left up to one third of Brisbane's residents homeless. This time however the flood in the Brisbane River was largely from waters from the upper reaches of Brisbane River, rather than the Stanley River. The 1893 floods caused 35 deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood\nFor the first flood, Crohamhurst recorded an all-time Australian record of 907 millimetres (35.7\u00a0in) of rain in a 24-hour period. The water surge was recorded on the Port Office gauge (now the City gauge) as being 8.35 metres (27 feet, 5\u00a0inches) above the low tide level. The February 1893 floods were the second and third highest water levels ever recorded at the City gauge, the highest being the January 1841 flood at 8.43 metres (27 feet, 8\u00a0inches).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood\nThe 1893 events was preceded by two notable yet less severe floods in 1887 and 1890. Both were caused by high levels of summer rainfall; however the rainfall around this period (with the exception of the two summers) was described as \"very low\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Historical context\nBrisbane sits on the land of the Indigenous Turrbal people. Ipswich, Queensland, and Lockyer Valley Region sit on the land of the Jagera people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Historical context\nBrisbane was established in 1825 as a convict settlement as part of the British colony of New South Wales, and by 1842 opened to free settlement. Queensland became a self-governing colony in 1859.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Historical context\nSamuel Griffith was the Premier of Queensland during the Black February period, although in March 1893 (shortly after the events) he resigned in order to join the Supreme Court of Queensland. Thomas McIlwraith then became Premier of Queensland. In 1901 the Commonwealth of Australia was formed, at which time Queensland became a State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Historical context\nBrisbane in 1891 had a population of 84,000 people. The area was under the jurisdiction of several local governments (the present City of Brisbane being formed by their amalgamation in 1925). John McMaster was Mayor of Brisbane Municipal Council, which contained the City Centre, and was the most important of the local government authorities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Damage\nThe total damage caused by the flooding has been estimated at A$4 million (1893 figures), although no official figures exist. The southern regions of the city were most affected by the flood. The most flooded suburb of what was to become the City of Brisbane was Rocklea. However it only housed a small village and farms at that time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0009-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Damage\nBoth of the bridges that crossed the river, the Victoria Bridge and the Albert Bridge at Indooroopilly were destroyed. The Victoria Bridge, which was an iron bridge with a turning span to allow traffic to go upriver, was partially destroyed on Monday 6 February, when the northern half of the bridge was washed away. It was not replaced until 1897. In the meantime, ferries were used to transport people and goods across the busy river. This, however, led to the capsize of the ferry \u2018\u2019Pearl\u2019\u2019 disaster in 1896 with the loss of more than 40 lives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0010-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Damage\nThe great advances in technology associated with photography meant that there were many photos taken of the event, some of which still exist today. A local businessman who would later become Premier, Robert Philp had a photo album (a very expensive item at the time) of the floods, which survives today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0011-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Casualties\nThe flooding was responsible for around 35 deaths. The floods also forced the hospitalisation of 190 residents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0012-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Casualties, Ipswich Coal Mine disaster\nSeven of the victims were workers at John Wright's Eclipse colliery in north Ipswich which was flooded on Saturday 4 February by the Bremer River, a tributary of the Brisbane River. The seven miners killed included Thomas Wright (Mine Manager) and George Wright who were both sons of the owner. The other five miners were Andrew Smart, Patrick McQuade, John McQuade (son of Patrick), Charles Walker, and Mathew Cuthbertson. The lease over the mine was nearly expired so the mine was not in operation, but the men were removing rails and other mine equipment for use elsewhere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 59], "content_span": [60, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0012-0001", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Casualties, Ipswich Coal Mine disaster\nThe colliery had two tunnels, and the flood waters had already reached the works. Thomas Wright, despite his father's advice against going down into the mine, arranged for seven men to go into the main tunnel and three men to go into the minor tunnel. Without warning, the roof collapsed over part of the main tunnel with air forced out of the mine in a great rush hurling wagons out of the way and trapping all seven men who entered the main tunnel. The men signaled the engine driver on the surface to pull them out but the collapse was major enough to prevent rescue. In minutes water had flooded the works and those not killed in the collapse would have drowned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 59], "content_span": [60, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0013-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Early warning signs of the 1st and 3rd floods\nThe Indigenous people used to build their camps on higher ground along the rivers, aware of the dangers of floods. They had warned the free settlers of the potential threat of floods, but their advice was ignored and settlements were built closer to the banks of the rivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 66], "content_span": [67, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0014-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Early warning signs of the 1st and 3rd floods\nHenry Plantagenet Somerset (1852\u20131936), was a landowner in the area where the Stanley River and the Upper Brisbane River meet. He built a homestead called \"Caboonbah\" on the cliffs above the river, where he lived with his wife, Katherine Rose Somerset (1855\u20131935). Caboonbah meant \"big rock\" in the local indigenous language, and it was built 60 feet (18 metres) higher than the rock cliff (Weldon's Knob) which was the location of the previous highest flood mark, from the 1890 flood event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 66], "content_span": [67, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0015-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Early warning signs of the 1st and 3rd floods\nIn early February, after the heavy rains caused by Tropical Cyclone Buninyong, the weather had finally broken, and to his surprise, Somerset saw from his porch a great wall of water come down the Stanley River. This was especially concerning to Somerset, as the heavy rains caused by a tropical cyclone Buninyong (informally named after the ship that first sighted it) had already caused the Stanley River to exceed the 1890 flood level. Somerset, realizing that people downriver where in great danger sent one of his workers, Henry (Harry) Winwood to Esk to send a telegraph to warn them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 66], "content_span": [67, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0015-0001", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Early warning signs of the 1st and 3rd floods\nThe telegraph sent warned the Brisbane General Post Office that Brisbane, Ipswich, Goodna, Lowood and other areas were in danger. The inhabitants of Brisbane were not worried however due to the fine weather, as the days of heavy rain having ended, all threat of floods seemed to have disappeared. The Brisbane General Post Office only posted the warning on a single noticeboard, and it went almost completely unheeded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 66], "content_span": [67, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0016-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Early warning signs of the 1st and 3rd floods\nOn 17 February, another cyclone crossed the Queensland coast near Bundaberg to drench the already saturated Brisbane River catchment. Somerset observed that the Brisbane River was flooded in similar levels to the first flood of the Stanley River. He knew that the telegraph lines were down between Esk and Brisbane, but he knew that there was a telegraph office at the small township of North Pine (now Petrie), although this would require crossing the D'Aguilar Range. William (Billy) Mateer, of Eidsvold (Dalgangel Station) was Somerset's most talented horseman, and he was selected to undertake this dangerous mission. Somerset and his men had to arrange for a dangerous crossing of the already flooded Brisbane River, with Mateer sent on with the only surviving horse (called Lunatic). Mateer survived the hazardous journey to North Pine, and delivered Somerset's message, which was again sadly ignored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 66], "content_span": [67, 974]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0017-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Early warning signs of the 1st and 3rd floods\nWhilst the warnings went unheeded, as a result of these heroic efforts, Caboonbah Station was made an official flood warning station, with a telegraph line to Esk. Somerset initially manned the station in its early years, having to use morse code for 12 years prior to the introduction of the telephone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 66], "content_span": [67, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0018-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Early warning signs of the 1st and 3rd floods\nIn modern times, Caboonbah Homestead was restored and used as a museum. However, on Monday 11 May 2009, the homestead caught fire and burnt to the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 66], "content_span": [67, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0019-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Mitigation works\nLake Somerset is a 904,000 megalitre dam located on the Stanley River (the normal water supply capacity is 380,000 megalitres, but the dam can hold another 524,000 megalitres of extra flood capacity). The site was first suggested for the location of a dam by Henry Somerset, after the 1893 floods, and he championed its construction when he was elected to parliament in 1904, where he served for 16 years as the Member for Stanley. Construction of the dam was not started until 1933, and it was finally finished in 1953. It was seen as a major job creation project when it commenced in the Great Depression, but was delayed by World War II when its workers were redeployed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0020-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Mitigation works\nThe same day that the notice of Billy Mateer's death appeared in the newspaper, there was also a major announcement that the Queensland Government had approved the construction of Somerset Dam. The site had been identified in 1933, by the Bureau of Industry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029709-0021-0000", "contents": "1893 Brisbane flood, Mitigation works\nFloods occur naturally, but now they had become a serious threat to people in this area. The clearing and developing of the land close to the water's edge essentially caused an increase in height and velocity of the rising water, and of the resulting damage. European thinking was the basis for the belief that engineering a dam could tame a river system. By 1959, it was believed that the Brisbane River system was regulated. By the 1970s, the social memory of the 1893 floods had all but vanished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029710-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Brooklyn Grooms season\nThe 1893 Brooklyn Grooms finished a disappointing seventh in the National League race under new player/manager Dave Foutz. The highlight of the year was when pitcher Brickyard Kennedy became the first major leaguer to pitch and win two games on the same day since the mound was moved back to 60 feet. He allowed just eight hits in beating the Louisville Colonels 3\u20130 and 6\u20132 in a doubleheader on May 30, 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029710-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029710-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029710-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts; CG = Complete games", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029710-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts; CG = Complete games", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029710-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029711-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1893 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University in the 1893 college football season. The team's coach was William Odlin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029712-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Buchtel football team\nThe 1893 Buchtel football team represented Buchtel College in the 1893 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach John Heisman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029713-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election\nConstitutional Assembly elections were held in Bulgaria in April 1893. The body known as the Grand National Assembly (Bulgaria: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 - Veliko narodno subranie) was convened for a fourth time in order to consider several amendments to the constitution, including ones concerning the religion of the monarchy and a reduction in the number of members of the National Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029713-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election\nThe existing constitution required the monarch to be a member of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, although it exempted the first Prince. As  Prince Ferdinand was the first of a new dynasty, he was considered to be exempt (as a Roman Catholic). However, as his wife, Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma, was also a Roman Catholic, if they were to have children, they would be Catholic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029713-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election\nThe constitution also required one member of the National Assembly for every 10,000 citizens, with the proposed changes to reduce this to one for every 20,000 citizens. The amendments would also reduce the number of members of the Grand National Assembly from one for every 5,000 citizens to one for every 10,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029713-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election\nThe Assembly was opened on 15 May with a crowd of over 10,000 gathering for the occasion. It sat until 29 May, and approved the constitutional amendments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029714-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Bulgarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 30 July 1893. Following changes to the constitution earlier in the year, the number of members of the National Assembly was reduced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029714-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Bulgarian parliamentary election\nThe elections were marred by riots in Peshtera, where attempts were made to steal the ballot boxes and assault the presiding officer. Violence also occurred in Belogradchik, where attempts were made to prevent the polling station closing until supporters of one candidate had arrived. Voter turnout was low, largely due to indifference in rural areas where national politics was not considered of importance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029715-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Burnley by-election\nThe 1893 Burnley by-election was held on 6 February 1893 after the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP Jabez Spencer Balfour due to the collapse of the Liberator Building Society, for which he was eventually convicted. It was retained by the Liberal candidate Philip Stanhope.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029716-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Butler Christians football team\nThe 1893 Butler Christians football team represented Butler University during the 1893 college football season. The team compiled a record of 4\u20132. Alfred H. Somerville was the team captain. The team began the season with 23 players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029716-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Butler Christians football team, Game notes\nOn October 14, 1893, Butler lost to DePauw, 20\u20136, at Greencastle, Indiana. The game was called due to darkness. Butler's starting lineup against DePauw was Williams at quarterback, Somerville at right halfback, Baker at left halfback, A. Hall at fullback, Stevenson at right end, Lister at right tackle, Anderson at right guard, Henry at center, Locy at left guard, Stevens at left tackle, and Scott at left end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029716-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Butler Christians football team, Game notes\nOn October 21, 1893, Butler lost to Purdue, 96\u20130, before a crowd of 1,200 at Lafayette, Indiana. Butler's starting lineup against Purdue was Burford at quarterback, Somerville at right halfback, Williams at left halfback, Hall at fullback, Parker at right end, Taylor at right guard, Lister at right tackle, Henry at center, Lackey at left guard, Payne at left tackle, and Scott at left end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029716-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Butler Christians football team, Game notes\nOn October 28, 1893, Butler defeated Indiana, 38\u20130, at Athletic Park in Indianapolis. Butler's lineup against Indiana was Burford at quarterback, Somerville at right halfback, Hall at left halfback, Scott at fullback, Parker at right end, Lister at right tackle, Taylor at right guard, Barnett at center, Losey at left guard, Payne at left tackle, and Moore at left end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029716-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Butler Christians football team, Game notes\nOn November 4, Butler defeated the team from the Deaf and Dumb Institute by a 16\u20130 score. The game was played in the Irvington neighborhood of Indianapolis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029716-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Butler Christians football team, Game notes\nOn November 11, Butler defeated the Zig-Zag bicycle eleven by a 52\u20130 score in a game played at the East Ohio Street Park in Indianapolis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029716-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 Butler Christians football team, Game notes\nOn November 19, Butler defeated Wabash, 28\u201324, on the Wabash campus in Crawfordsville, Indiana. The game lasted one hour and 15 minutes, concluding at 2:40\u00a0p.m. Butler's starting lineup against Wabash was Williams at quarterback, Baker at right halfback, Somerville at left halfback, Hall at fullback, Scott at left end, Stevens at left tackle, Lecoy at left guard, Henry at center, Anderson at right guard, Lister at right tackle, and Stevenson at right end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029716-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 Butler Christians football team, Game notes\nAfter witnessing the DePauw\u2013Wabash game, played one week earlier, Dr. H. A. Turker, the pastor at the Crawfordsville Methodist Church, wrote at length condemning the game as a disgrace. He opened his comments as follows: \"We thought at first it was barbarous, then we concluded it would be a slander to the barbarians to compare a football game to their sports. . . . We have seen a pack of dogs fighting for a rotten bone, of which we were reminded at the football game. A football game, as now played, is a disgrace.\" He closed: \"This evil has surely gone far enough. Let every man speak who opposes this brutality.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029717-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Calgary municipal election\nThe 1893 Calgary municipal election was scheduled for January 2, 1893 to elect a Mayor and six Councillors to sit on the ninth Calgary Town Council from January 16, 1893 to January 2, 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029717-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Calgary municipal election, Background\nVoting rights were provided to any male, single woman, or widowed British subject over twenty-one years of age who are assessed on the last revised assessment roll with a minimum property value of $200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029717-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Calgary municipal election, Background\nThe election was held under multiple non-transferable vote where each elector was able to cast a ballot for the mayor and up to four ballots for separate councillors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029717-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Calgary municipal election, Background\nThere were a number of concerns during the election related to imperfect voting lists. The Calgary Weekly Herald reported a number of qualified electors were omitted from the list, and situations were wives were on the list where their husbands should have been listed. The errors were attributed to imperfect assessment rolls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029718-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1893 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1893 college football season. The team competed as an independent under head coach Pudge Heffelfinger and compiled a record of 5\u20131\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029719-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Carlisle Indians football team\nThe 1893 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indians football team of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 1893 college football season. The sport was reinstituted after a long absence. The Indians were coached by W. G. Thompson in the school's first year of organized intercollegiate football recognized by the NCAA. The Indians were consistently outsized by the teams they scheduled, and they in turn relied on speed and guile to remain competitive. The team compiled a record of 2\u20131; outscored opponents 60 to 16. Richard Henry Pratt laid out the fundamental rule of Carlisle football; \"Promise me that you'll never slug.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029720-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Case football team\nThe 1893 Case football team was an American football team that represented the Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland, Ohio, now a part of Case Western Reserve University. Playing as an independent during the 1893 college football season, the team compiled a 4\u20130 record, outscoring opponents by a total of 120 to 8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029720-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Case football team\nCase snapped a 13-game win streak of Oberlin, whose win streak dated back to their undefeated 1892 season. Notably, Case defeated Coach John Heisman of Buchtel, handing him his first ever career coaching loss, who ironically was the coach of the undefeated 1892 Oberlin team the prior season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029720-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Case football team\nCharley Gleason was the star halfback, who also previously played on the 1889 Georgetown football team. Captain Alva C. Smith played quarterback.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029721-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Central Colonels football team\nThe 1893 Central Colonels football team represented Central University in Richmond, Kentucky during the 1893 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029722-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Central Cumberland colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Central Cumberland on 6 May 1893 because of the resignation of John Nobbs (Free Trade) due to bankruptcy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029723-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Centre football team\nThe 1893 Centre football team represented Centre College in the 1893 college football season. The head coach was Durant Berry, coaching his third season with the Praying Colonels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029724-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Championship of Australia\nThe 1893 Championship of Australia was an Australian rules football match that took place on 7 October 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029724-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Championship of Australia\nThe championship was contested by the premiers of the VFA, Essendon and the premiers of the SAFA, South Adelaide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029724-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Championship of Australia\nThe match was played at Victoria Park in Melbourne, Victoria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029724-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Championship of Australia\nThe match, played in front of 12,000, was won by Essendon by a margin of 7 goals, giving Essendon its 1st Championship of Australia Title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029724-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Championship of Australia\nThis was the last Championship of Australia match to be held until 1907.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029725-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane\nThe Cheni\u00e8re Caminada hurricane, also known as the Great October Storm, was a powerful hurricane that devastated the island of Cheniere Caminada, Louisiana in early October 1893. It was one of three deadly hurricanes during the 1893 Atlantic hurricane season; the storm killed an estimated 2,000 people, mostly from storm surge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029725-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Meteorological history\nThe hurricane was first observed on September 27, 1893, in the northwest Caribbean Sea. Its previous history is unknown; possibly it formed from a trough of low pressure in the area, a similar method of formation for two other storms in the same season. The storm moved to the northwest, quickly strengthening into a hurricane on September 28. It continued to intensify to 95\u00a0mph winds before striking land near Canc\u00fan of the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula on the 29th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029725-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Meteorological history\nWhile crossing the peninsula, the hurricane weakened to 90\u00a0mph, but restrengthened over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico. A low pressure trough over the northern Gulf of Mexico brought the hurricane northward and northeastward. On October 1, this compact hurricane became a major hurricane, and early the next day, it became a Category\u00a04 as it approached the Louisiana coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029725-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Meteorological history\nOn the morning of October 2, with a peak of 130\u00a0mph winds, the hurricane struck southeast Louisiana near Cheniere Caminada, on the Louisiana mainland just west of Grand Isle. The hurricane continued to the northeast, then weakened while crossing southeast Louisiana. Passing over Gulf of Mexico waters for a few hours, the hurricane struck land again on the night of the October 2, this time in southeast Mississippi. The storm continued to the northeast, weakening to a tropical storm over Alabama, and moved into the Atlantic Ocean on October 4. The storm dissipated on the October 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029725-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Impact\nAs a strengthening hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico, the Cheni\u00e8re Caminada Hurricane brought a strong storm surge that flooded much of southeast Louisiana. 779 people died out of the town's 1500 residents from the high winds and flooding from the storm surge. The surge was up to 16\u00a0feet, with heavy surf above it. The hurricane caused about 2000 fatalities in total, making it among the deadliest United States hurricanes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029725-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Impact\nThe Gulf States were greatly affected by the hurricane. The orange and rice crop were greatly damaged, and combined with destruction of the wind, the hurricane caused about $5\u00a0million in damage (1893\u00a0USD, $102.6\u00a0million in 2005\u00a0USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029725-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Impact\nMany vessels known and unknown were sunk in the hurricane throughout coastal Louisiana and Mississippi including", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029725-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Name confusion\nThe storm is named after a Louisiana village that bears the name of a Spanish sugar planter, Francisco Caminada. Some sources give the name of the village as \u201cCaminadaville,\u201d while others misspell the name Cheni\u00e8re Caminada as \u201cChenier Caminada\u201d or \u201cChenier Caminanda\u201d (with an extra n). The village and other settlements on the island were nearly all destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029725-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Name confusion\nToday the town of Cheniere Caminada is located in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029726-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago Colts season\nThe 1893 Chicago Colts season was the 22nd season of the Chicago Colts franchise, the 18th in the National League and the 1st at West Side Park. The Colts finished ninth in the National League with a record of 56\u201371.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029726-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029726-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029726-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029726-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 65], "content_span": [66, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029726-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 66], "content_span": [67, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029727-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago Maroons football team\nThe 1893 Chicago Maroons football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chicago during the 1893 college football season. In their second season under head coach Amos Alonzo Stagg, the Maroons compiled a 6\u20134\u20132 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 143 to 142.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election\nIn the Chicago mayoral election of 1893, Democrat Carter Harrison Sr. won election to a (then-record) fifth non-consecutive term as mayor of Chicago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election\nHarrison won a majority of the vote, defeating Republican Samuel W. Allerton by a 10 point margin. He also defeated third-party candidates DeWitt Clinton Cregier and Henry Ehrenpreis, neither of whom received strong support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Background\nThe election took place against the backdrop of the city's preparations for the World's Columbian Exposition, to be held later that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Background\nCarter Harrison Sr. had previously served as Mayor of Chicago for four terms, from 1879 through 1887. In 1891, Harrison came out of political retirement and ran unsuccessfully as a third-party candidate for mayor of Chicago, after having first unsuccessfully challenged then-incumbent DeWitt Clinton Cregier for the Democratic nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Background\nSince the 1891 election, Harrison had made peace again with the Democratic Party, supporting its 1892 presidential nominee Grover Cleveland. However, Harrison never had a particularly strong relation with Cleveland, and by the time of the 1893 election, the two had drawn a rift over Harrison's disagreement with Cleveland's stance on the silver issue. In addition, Harrison had a longstanding feud with Michael C. McDonald, then an influential figure in Chicago Democratic politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Background\nHarrison had made a number of moves that would assist him in his 1893 mayoral campaign. First, he purchased the Chicago Times, which he used to promote his political agenda and would also use to support his political ambitions. He also founded the Carter H. Harrison Democratic Association. This organization was presented as an endeavor to encourage good governance, but it was instead the start of a political organization that would become a formal faction of the city's Democratic Party, rivaling the more informal organization headed by Roger Charles Sullivan  and John Patrick Hopkins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic\nBy early 1893, Carter Harrison Sr.'s campaign was full fledged. As in 1891, his campaign manager was Adolf Kraus. They made an effort to ignite ward level excitement for Harrison by utilizing local branches of the Harrison Democratic Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic\nHarrison entered the race without the support of significant organized groups or newspapers (other than the Chicago Times, which he owned).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic\nHarrison quickly gained momentum. This troubled many establishment Democrats, such as Roger Charles Sullivan and John Patrick Hopkins, who were concerned that the charismatic Harrison would come to dominate the party if he was successful at winning the mayoralty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0009-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic\nSince then-President-elect Grover Cleveland and Harrison had fallen-out over the issue of silver, and since Hopkins was considered to be the leader of the Cleveland wing of the local Democratic Party, Hopkins took charge in seeking to block Harrison's pursuit of the mayoralty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0010-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic\nJohn Patrick Hopkins and his political partner Roger Charles Sullivan looked at several prospective candidates to challenge Harrison for the nomination. Dewitt Clinton Cregier had talking about potentially running again, but he was not seen as likely to win. Ultimately, Hopkins settled on Illinois Staats-Zeitung editor and former Deputy Sheriff of Cook County Washington Hesing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0011-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic\nHopkins served as Hesing's campaign manager, while Sullivan helped Hesing organize at the ward level. Hesing was also baked by Michael C. McDonald and John Coughlin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0012-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic\nDespite these efforts to stop Harrison, he continued to pick up momentum. Harrison had garnered the backing of many of the city's influential Democratic figures, including John Powers and James H. Farrell. Harrison as supported by a vast array of ward clubs and sub-factions of the city's Democratic electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0013-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic\nHessing suffered from the fact that many voters, including nativists and including many Irish American voters, held resentments against Germans, viewing them as anarchists and socialists and associating them negatively with incumbent governor Atgeld.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0014-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic\nHesing accused Harrison of being supported by \"corrupt use of money\", accusing him of accepting $30,000 from the railroads in return for pledging not to enforce then-pending City Council ordinances that would require the railroads to undertake the expensive step of elevating their tracks to eliminate level crossings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0015-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic\nWhile Hesing ran a tough campaign against Harrison, Harrison took a strong lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0016-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic\nThe primary to elect delegates to the city nominating convention was held on February 27. Harrison won a strong victory, winning at least three-quarters of the delegates. Hesing lodged accusations of voter fraud against Harrisonites.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0017-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic\nAt the convention, held at the Central Music Hall, three candidates had their names put forth for the nomination, Harrison, Hesing, and Cregier. Harrison won on the first ballot, receiving 531 delegate votes to Cregier's 93 and Hesing's 57.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0018-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic\nThe John Powers-led wing of the party had packed the convention with loud Harrison supporters, and the convention had seen fistfights break out across the room. The Chicago Tribune had dubbed it the, \"most disorderly and riotous\" convention in the city's history. Hesing, who was heckled during his address, stormed out of the hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0019-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican\nThe Republicans had sought to recruit a top-capitalist figure of the city to face Harrison in the general election, but had failed in their attempts to persuade Philip Danforth Armour or Lyman J. Gage to run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0020-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, United Citizens\nThe United Citizens party nominated former mayor DeWitt Clinton Cregier. The United Citizens party was founded by Chicago Daily News publisher Victor Lawson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0021-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nThe race was considered to have been one of the most rancorous in Chicago's history. Willis J. Abbot wrote that, \"the bitterness and acrimony of the campaign exceeded anything ever known in Chicago politics.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0022-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nHarrison was regarded to be an underdog in the race. The city elite largely considered Harrison to be too liberal and believed that he allowed himself to be surrounded by corrupt associates. Thus, Allerton, a conservative Republican, received broad backing from the city elite and nearly all of the city's newspapers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0023-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nIn the past fourteen years (dating back to Harrison's first mayoral victory in 1879), Republicans had only won two mayoral elections. However, in this era, mayoral races in Chicago were still typically closely contested, and Republicans usually carried the city in national elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0024-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nMichael C. McDonald attempted to reconcile with Harrison, offering Harrison his support. Harrison rejected his offer. Despite this, rumors persisted that Harrison had received McDonald's support in exchange for agreeing that, as mayor, he would provide McDonald a license to operate the Garfield Park racetrack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0025-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nHarrison pledged that he would run an honest campaign against Allerton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0026-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nHarrison reportedly spent $500,000 in his campaign effort. He benefited from a well-run campaign operation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0027-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nMany voters believed that the charismatic Harrison was the best choice to be the \"face\" of the city during the World's Fair, thinking that he was the best option to serve as the city's ambassador to the world during the course of the exposition. Others, however, believed that Harrison's leadership style was better adapted to the past, when Chicago was a burgeoning metropolis. They believed that hosting the World's Fair indicated that the city had reached a stage of maturity in its development and that Harrison was ill-suited to lead the city at such a stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0028-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nAllerton was seen as a reluctant candidate. He was seen as lacking in moxie as a candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0029-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nAllerton campaigned as portraying himself as a businessman rather than a politician. Allerton stated that he would run Chicago like a business. Allerton pledged to bring clean government and clean streets. He stated that only professional and business leaders of the \"highest standing\" would be appointed to office. Allerton argued that the administration of the upcoming World's Fair presented a model for the business-style governance Chicago should adopt. Allerton", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0030-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nAllerton received backing from the elites that were organizing the World's Fair. He received the backing of the city's business elite, such as Philip Danforth Armour, Lyman J. Gage, Harry Gordon Selfridge, Charles L. Hutchison, Franklin MacVeigh, Harlow Higinbotham, and Turlington Harvey. Deriding Harrison's backers as representing \"all the immorality of the city\", and contrasting it with his own backing by leading figures of the city, Allerton framed the race as a choice between \"the slums\" and the men who built modern Chicago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0031-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nAllerton's platform advocated civil service reform, improved city services, and lower taxes. However, much of his platform was indistinguishable the urban reform which Harrison had backed during his mayoral tenure. Additionally, Allerton's campaign was more focused on attacking Harrison than it was on extolling the virtues of Allerton's own platform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0032-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nHarrison was slandered throughout the campaign. Republicans lodged blame for all of the city's ills on Harrison. Some christian evangelists even tied blame for the Haymarket affair bombing with Harrison's support for allowing saloons to remain open on Sundays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0033-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nHarrison effective responded to criticisms of his record by stating that he had done the best he could as mayor with the state-imposed limitations on the city's taxing powers. Harrison campaigned this election on a platform which included reforming the tax assessment system. Meanwhile, Republicans advocated an unrealistic combination of lower taxes and expanded municipal services, unconvincingly arguing that the needed money could be saved by decreasing the number of civil servants by having professional appointees in place of patronage appointees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0034-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nIn the city's ethnic newspapers, Republicans' contention that the city needed to lower, rather than equalize, the taxes, was criticized as being upper-class men looking out for their own economic interests. Harrison used this line of attack. Harrison also claimed that the Republicans' campaign of \"moral uplift\" and \"good government\" was a lightly-disguised attempt to refuse the city's non-protestant immigrant ethnic groups the right to govern until such a tie as they conformed with the Republicans' views of \"proper values\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0035-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nWhile Chicago Protestant commercial establishment abhorred Harrison's willingness to work with even seedy elements of the city, his willingness to give a voice to \"the great unwashed\"  in government earned him great admiration in the city's ethnic neighborhoods.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0036-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nThe bitter primary race against Hesing had turned many German voters away from supporting Harrison in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0037-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nBoth Allerton and Cregier made attempts to paint Harrison as corrupt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0038-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nThe day of the election, each party felt assured of their chances. On their part, Republicans hoped for an overwhelming victory, with the Chicago Tribune predicting that one would happen due to what they predicted would be massive defections by Democratic-leaning voters in the city's German wards, in which Hesing had been popular.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0039-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results\nHarrison won, becoming the first mayor in Chicago history to be elected to a fifth term. His victory was considered a landslide, and his roughly 21,000 vote margin of victory was the greatest of any of Harrison's mayoral victories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0040-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results\nThe election result was considered to be a surprise, as most newspapers had predicted Allerton to have been the strong favorite to win the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029728-0041-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results\nHarrison received 87.87% of the Polish-American vote, while Allerton received only 11.20%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election\nIn the Chicago mayoral special election of 1893, John Patrick Hopkins was elected mayor. The election was triggered by the assassination of mayor Carter Harrison Sr. (a Democrat that had been elected to his fifth non-consecutive term earlier that year). Following Harrison's death, Republican George Bell Swift had been appointed by City Council to serve as mayor until the special election could be held. In the election, which was held December 19, Hopkins narrowly defeated Swift by a half-percent margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Background\nAfter the assassination of mayor Cater Harrison Sr., George Bell Swift was appointed interim mayor by the Chicago City Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Background\nWhile Swift had originally pledged to only be an interim mayor, it quickly became evident that he intended to seek the office permanently. After taking office, Swift both began appointing Republicans to as many offices as he could, and allowed his political allies to build him a campaign organization.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Background\nDemocratic Party support had declined since the beginning of the economic downturn the nation was experiencing. This was evidenced roughly a month before the election, when Republicans swept the November 7 county judicial elections. However, this was result was largely attributable to a lopsided vote in favor of the Republicans in suburban Cook County, as Democrats led the portion of vote cast in Chicago city boundaries, albeit with a reduced majority over the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic\nHarrison's death had left Chicago's Democratic Party in search of a leader. Numerous individuals were speculated as potential candidates. Top speculative contenders included President of the Chicago Board of Education A.S. Trude, President of the Sanitary District of Chicago Frank Wenter (a leading \"Harrisonite\"), and John P. Hopkins. Others speculated that Harrison's son Carter Harrison Jr. might be an option. Of those speculated Hopkins was viewed as the frontrunner from the start, as he was \"looked upon with fear and trembling by city hall Democrats.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic\nWill all wanting to avoid being the target of focussed opposition, no candidates initially openly campaigned for the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic\nFor several weeks Trude began to dip his toes in to the race, but formally opted against a run, giving the suspect excuse that he believed his running would have forced his brother George to resign his position as an election commissioner and be replaced by a Republican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic\nWenter went all-in as a candidate. He was backed by the Chicago Times. Wenter had the backing of Chairman of the Cook County Democratic Party John McGillen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic\nHopkins, while publicly admitting interest, did not formally declare himself a candidate until the last minute. However, ward organizations had formed on his behalf even before he had formally declared. By not formally entering until late in the race, he avoided receiving many direct attacks from other candidates. Hopkins also eschewed formal support from any one faction of the Democratic Party, hoping to appeal as a candidate for all Democrats. Hopkins, as a candidate, touted his connections and positive relationship with the Cleveland administration, as he claimed Chicago would benefit from it if he were mayor. He flexed his sway with the Cleveland administration by securing his ally Washington Hesing an appointment as Postmaster of Chicago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 816]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0009-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic\nIn the primary to elect delegates for the city's nominating convention, Hopkins had a clear victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0010-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic\nIn a last minute move, Chairman of the Cook County Democratic Party John McGillen, who supported Wenter, attempted to appoint himself chair of the convention, presumably so that he would be in a position to disqualify Hopkins delegates. However, the party's executive committee overruled this by a vote of 7 to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0011-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic\nAt the convention, it was Adolphus W. Green who formally nominated  Hopkins. Also nominated at the convention were Wenter and John A. King. Both Wenter and King received few votes during balloting, and each withdrew their candidacies before the end of the first round of balloting. Robert Emmett \"Bobby\" Burke moved to nominate Hopkins by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0012-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Republican\nThere was buzz that former mayor John A. Roche might back a challenge by Henry Wulff. However, Swift was ultimately easily nominated at the Republican convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 62], "content_span": [63, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0013-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election\nAfter his nomination at the Democratic convention, a five-person committee was create to oversee efforts to support Hopkins' campaign. Members of this committee included Washington Hesing and Frank Lawler (the latter of whom had opposed Hopkins' candidacy before he won the nomination). Hopkins appointed Lambert Tree, a close political ally, as his campaign manager. Hopkins additionally worked with political ally Roger Charles Sullivan and others to plan his campaign. Hopkins also appointed a \"field marshal\" for each ward. Key members from what remainded of the Harrison wing of the party backed his candidacy, such as Frank Wenter and Robert Burke. He also received the backing of reform-minded Democrats such as Clarence S. Darrow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 794]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0014-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election\nThe Democratic platform called for strict municipal bookkeeping, the elimination of unnecessary city employees, the removal of political influence from policing, and the elevation of railroad tracks to remove at-grade crossings. The Republican platform was nearly identical to it, thus very little substance separated the two parties on key municipal issues during this campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0015-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election\nThere as an attempt by Republicans to tie Hopkins to the Wilson\u2013Gorman Tariff Act, then pending before congress. Republicans argued that this act, by lowering tariffs, would negatively affect jobs of working class men. However, this line of attack appeared to have very little impact.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0016-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election\nTwo-days before the election, the Chicago Tribune launched a last-minute surprise in an attempt to sway voters by reporting that Hopkins had assisted in securing a city contract for his nephew William A. Lyndon's firm Lyndon & Drews to extend the \"Hyde Park tunnel\". There were issues with the quality of the job that the firm had completed. The Tribune also alleged that non-union labor had been used on the project. The Tribune, with next to no evidence, implied that Hopkins had profited tremendously from this transaction. This story appeared to have ultimately had little sway on voters, and was largely forgotten about after the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0017-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election, Results\nHopkins won a narrow victory. Hopkins became Chicago's first Irish-American mayor. He was the city's first Irish-Catholic mayor. The city has since elected six additional Irish Catholic mayors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0018-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election, Results\nAt 35 years of age when he took office, Hopkins became the youngest mayor the city had ever had.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0019-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election, Results\nWhile the victory was narrow, and showed a marked decline of Democratic support from the regular mayoral election held earlier in the year, it was also a victory that was celebrated by Democrats amid a downturn that had occurred in the party's electoral fortunes amid the nationwide economic downturn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029729-0020-0000", "contents": "1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election, Results\nHopkins received 78.38% of the Polish-American vote, while Swift received 20.80%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029730-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Cincinnati Reds season\nThe 1893 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished tied for sixth place in the National League with a record of 65\u201363, 20.5 games behind the Boston Beaneaters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029730-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nCincinnati was looking to build on a solid 1892 season in which the team had improved from a record of 56\u201381 in 1891 to 82\u201368. First baseman Charles Comiskey returned as player-manager, while the Reds would have a new outfielder, as Jim Canavan joined Cincinnati after spending the previous season with the Chicago Colts. Canavan had struggled offensively with Chicago, hitting only .166 with no homers and 32 RBI in 118 games in 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029730-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nCatcher Farmer Vaughn had a career season, as he hit .280 with one home run and a team high 108 RBI. Bug Holliday led the Reds with a .310 batting average and 89 RBI, as well as a team high 108 runs scored, while his five home runs tied with Canavan for the team lead. Bid McPhee had a solid season, batting .281 with three home runs and 68 RBI. Arlie Latham hit .282 with two home runs, 49 RBI and a team best 57 stolen bases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029730-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nFrank Dwyer was the ace of the pitching staff, as he led the club with an 18\u201315 record in a team high 37 games, which included 30 starts, with 28 complete games. Ice Box Chamberlain was 16\u201312 with a team low 3.73 ERA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029730-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary\nThe Reds got off to a solid start, sitting in first place with a 6\u20133 record after nine games. However, the team would win only ten of their next twenty-nine ball games to fall into tenth place in the National League with a 16\u201322 record. Cincinnati would be under the .500 mark for a majority of the season, however, the Reds would win ten of their final eleven games to avoid finishing with a losing record, as they ended the season with a 65\u201363 record, tying the Brooklyn Grooms, 20.5 games behind the pennant-winning Boston Beaneaters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029730-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029730-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029730-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029730-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029731-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Cincinnati football team\nThe 1893 Cincinnati football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1893 college football season. The team compiled a 0\u20136 record. Dan Laurence and Russell Reeder were the team captains. The team had no head coach and played its home games at Union Ball Park in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029732-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Cirencester by-election\nThe 1893 Cirencester by-election was held on 23 February 1893 after a court declared a by-election in 1892 was rerun after the votes had been declared equal. The seat was gained by the Liberal candidate Harry Lawson Webster Levy-Lawson. The Conservative candidate Thomas Chester-Master was declared the victor of the 1892 by-election by 3 votes, but on petition and after scrutiny, the votes were declared equal and the 1893 by-election was held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029733-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 City of Auckland by-election\nThe City of Auckland by-election of 1893 was a by-election held on 4 August 1893 during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the urban upper North Island electorate of the City of Auckland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029733-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 City of Auckland by-election, Background\nIn 1893, William Lee Rees accused Alfred Cadman, the Member for Thames, of using his position as Minister for Native Affairs for his own personal benefit. Cadman then sued Rees for libel but the trial proved inconclusive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029733-0001-0001", "contents": "1893 City of Auckland by-election, Background\nThe jury in the libel case found that \"the letters of Mr Rees to the Premier were defamatory, and that the defamatory matter was not only not fair and bona fide comment on the acts and conduct of the plaintiff, but that it was not true\", however they only awarded damages of \u00a31 which \"implied [Cadman's] acts and conduct were yet not above suspicion.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029733-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 City of Auckland by-election, Background\nOn 11 July 1893 while in the debating chamber of New Zealand's parliament Cadman challenged Rees to vacate his seat and contest the subsequent by-election against him. Rees accepted the challenge although Cadman was ultimately successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029733-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 City of Auckland by-election, Results\nA by-election was later held in Thames for Cadman's newly vacant seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029734-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Cleveland Spiders season\nThe 1893 Cleveland Spiders finished with a 73\u201355 record and a third-place finish in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029734-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029734-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029734-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029734-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029734-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029735-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Colgate football team\nThe 1893 Colgate football team represented Colgate University in the 1893 college football season. Colgate reports the record for the season as 3\u20130\u20131, however, there was a previously unreported game against Hamilton that ended in dispute. The Hamilton team left the field in the second half over a dispute about eligible players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029736-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1893 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans for the 1893 college football season, as selected by Caspar Whitney for Harper's Weekly and the Walter Camp Football Foundation. Whitney began publishing his All-America Team in 1889, and his list, which was considered the official All-America Team, was published in Harper's Weekly from 1891 to 1896. Harvard Law School student and football center William H. Lewis became the first African-American to be selected as an All-American in 1892, an honor he received again in 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029737-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Colorado Agricultural football team\nThe 1893 Colorado Agricultural football team represented Colorado Agricultural College (now known as Colorado State University) in the Colorado Football Association (CFA) during the 1893 college football season. The University itself stated 1893 as the first year of its football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029737-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Colorado Agricultural football team\nThe team, then known as the CACs, compiled a 1\u20133 record and was outscored by a total of 214 to 126. The team had no coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029737-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Colorado Agricultural football team\nWhereas the school's media guide reports the result of its game with Denver as a 60\u201310 victory, College Football Data Warehouse reports the result of that game as a 10\u20136 loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029738-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Colorado Silver and Gold football team\nThe 1893 Colorado Silver and Gold football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1893 college football season. The season marked the program's first conference affiliation, having joined the Colorado Football Association, and was the program's last season without a head coach. The team recorded a record of 1\u20131 in the CFA and 2\u20133 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029739-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum\nOn November 7, 1893, a referendum on women's suffrage was held in Colorado that secured women's voting rights. Subsequently, Colorado became the first American state to enact women's suffrage by popular referendum. The act granted women the right to vote \"in the same manner in all respects as male persons are.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029739-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, Historical background\nBefore Colorado, many western states had already granted women's suffrage, most notably Wyoming and Utah. Influenced by the actions of female activists in those states, Colorado's own suffrage movement began to gain traction in the 1870s. Throughout the earlier half of the decade, many propositions urging legislators to grant suffrage were defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029739-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, Historical background\nOn January 10, 1876, suffrage advocates held a convention at the Unity Church in Denver, intending to influence the state's constitutional convention. The convention established the Territorial Women's Suffrage Society, which turned into the Women's Suffrage Association of Colorado once Colorado was granted statehood. The Non-Partisan Equal Suffrage Association was eventually backed by Governor John Routt. A minority report was created and sent to the convention. Women were not granted the right to vote, but they were granted the right to vote in school elections and hold school offices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029739-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, Historical background\nWith the backing of John Routt, the women's suffrage movement gained traction. In 1877, male legislators decided to hold a referendum to determine the voting status of women. Although the movement gained the recognition of many popular suffrage advocates, such as Susan B. Anthony, suffrage was defeated. Legislative efforts between 1877 and 1893 were sparse. In 1881, a bill for municipal suffrage was sent to Legislature and lost. However, during that time, many grassroots organizations still were still holding meetings and advocating for women's rights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029739-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, Historical background\nIn 1893, the Ninth General Assembly passed a motion to put the question of women's suffrage up for election. As a result, the Colorado Non-Partisan Equal Suffrage Association was integral to the 1893 referendum. It was a grassroots coalition of women's organizations, churches, political parties, charity groups, unions and farmers alliances. Having no members or money to their name, the organization toured around the state, rallying for support. Their campaign pivoted to directly address the women of Colorado: \"Women of Colorado, do you know the opportunity that is before you this fall? Do you know that there is a possibility you may rise to legal equality with man?\u201d one leaflet asked the state\u2019s women. \u201cAwake from your indifference . . . The ballot is the greatest power and protection of this day and age.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 882]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029739-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, 1893 Referendum\nThe act itself was drafted by lawyer J. Warner Mills of Denver and sponsored by Rep. J.T. Heath of Montrose County. After the bill was presented in the Colorado General Assembly, anti-suffragists placed a copy of their journal, the Remonstrance, on the desk of ever legislator. The suffrage bill left committee and went to the House on January 24, 1893. After a first attempt, the bill failed in the house by 39 to 21. It came up for another vote on March 8. At this vote, it passed 34 to 27. It was then introduced in the Senate and passed there on April 3 by 20 to 10. Then the bill was signed by governor Davis Hanson Waite. The general election where the referendum would appear would be held in fall of 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029739-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, 1893 Referendum\nIn the end, 55% of the electorate turned out to vote, with 35,798 voting in favor and  29,551 voting against. The Delta Independent had a headline that read \"Women will vote in this state just like a man\" after women won the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029739-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, Legacy\nIn the months after the passing of the 1893 Suffrage Bill, the number of women learning political history skyrocketed. One Denver firm reported selling a larger number of books on political economy during the first eight months than they had in the 20 years before. The following year, three Colorado women - Clara Cressingham, Carrie Clyde Holly and Frances Klock - became the first women to be elected to any legislature in U.S. history when they were elected to the Colorado House of Representatives. However, despite this support, the General Assembly was almost entirely controlled by men. Women were, however, able to exert their influence a little, through the enaction of Prohibition bills. Even after legislation passed, the Non-Partisan Equal Suffrage Association remained active for many years, advocating for suffrage in other states across America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 49], "content_span": [50, 911]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029739-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, Legacy\nIn 1919 the US congress voted in favor of the 19th amendment and needed 36 states to vote in its favor. This amendment was ratified on December 15th, 1920 by Colorado. Colorado was one of 35 other states that had recognized women's suffrage rights in 1920.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 49], "content_span": [50, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029740-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1893 Cork Senior Football Championship was the seventh staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029740-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Cork Senior Football Championship\nOn 16 July 1893, Dromtarriffe won the championship following a 0-05 to 0-03 defeat of Castlemartyr in the final at Cork Park. It remains their only championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029741-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1893 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the seventh staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029741-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 25 June 1893, Blackrock won the championship following a 2-05 to 1-01 defeat of Redmonds in the final. This was their fourth championship title and their first title in two championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029742-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1893 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1893 college football season. The team compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029743-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 County Championship\nThe 1893 County Championship was the fourth officially organised running of the County Championship, and ran from 11 May to 28 August 1893. Yorkshire County Cricket Club claimed their first title, ending Surrey's run of three consecutive titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029744-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Crescent Athletic Club football team\nThe 1893 Crescent Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Crescent Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1893 college football season. The team played its home games at Eastern Park in Brooklyn and compiled a 3\u20136 record. J. Harry Sheldon, a member of the Crescent team since 1887, served as the team's captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029745-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Dartmouth football team\nThe 1893 Dartmouth football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1893 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029746-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Drake Bulldogs football team\nThe 1893 Drake Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Drake University as an independent during the 1893 college football season. In the school's inaugural season of intercollegiate football, there was no coach, and the team compiled a 0\u20132\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029747-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Drexel Dragons football team\nThe 1893 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as an independent during the 1893 college football season. The team did not have a head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029748-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Edmonton municipal election\nThe 1893 municipal election was held January 3, 1893 to elect the town council (consisting of a mayor and six aldermen, each elected for a one-year term) and three trustees for each of the public and separate school divisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029748-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout\nVoter turnout was 128 out of 268 eligible voters, or 47.7%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029749-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 English cricket season\n1893 was the fourth season of County Championship cricket in England. For the first time, the official championship was won by a team other than Surrey, who finished fifth. Yorkshire, captained by Lord Hawke won twelve matches to take the title. It was the first of a record eight championships (1893, 1896, 1898, 1900\u20131902, 1905 and 1908) for Hawke as a county captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029749-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 English cricket season\nAn Australian team toured the British Isles for the first time in three years, but lost the three-match Ashes Test series to England. It was the 15th Test series between the two sides and England won 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029749-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 English cricket season, Ashes tour\nEngland won a fifth successive home series against Australia to recover The Ashes after losing them in the 1891\u201392 series in Australia. W. G. Grace was injured for one of the Tests, but captained England in the other two. The first Test ended in a draw, but England took advantage of a 392-run lead on first innings to beat the visitors by an innings and 43 runs in the second Test, while the third and final Test was another draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029750-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Epsom Derby\nThe 1893 Epsom Derby was a horse race which took place at Epsom Downs on 31 May 1886. It was the 113th running of the Derby, and it was won by Isinglass. The winner was ridden by Tommy Loates and trained by James Jewitt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029750-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Epsom Derby, Full result\n* The distances between the horses are shown in lengths or shorter. shd = short-head; hd = head; PU = pulled up; UR = unseated rider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029751-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1893 European Figure Skating Championships were held from January 21 to 22 in Berlin, German Empire. Elite figure skaters competed for the title of European Champion in the category of men's singles. The competitors performed only compulsory figures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029751-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe results of these Championships had been declared invalid by the ISU Congress in 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029752-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 European Rowing Championships\nThe 1893 European Rowing Championships were the inaugural European Rowing Championships held on Lake Orta in Italy on 10 and 11 September. The competition was for men only, and the regatta had three boat classes (M1x, M4+, M8+).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029752-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 European Rowing Championships, Medal summary\nThe French eight was made up from members of two clubs:1) Union Nautique de Lyon2) \u00c9mulation Nautique de Boulogne", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 49], "content_span": [50, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029753-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 FA Cup Final\nThe 1893 FA Cup Final was a football game contested by Wolverhampton Wanderers and Everton. Wolves won by a single goal, scored by Harry Allen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029753-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 FA Cup Final\nThis was the only time the final was staged at Fallowfield Stadium. Although the official attendance was 45,000, it is estimated that close to 60,000 spectators were actually in the ground. The overcrowding delayed the kick off and meant the pitch was often encroached upon during the game. Play was impeded so much that Everton, beaten 0\u20131, unsuccessfully demanded a replay afterwards, arguing the environment was not fit for a competitive match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029753-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 FA Cup Final\nEverton had come into the match as favourites. Only a week earlier, they had sent their reserves to face Wolves in a league match to allow their first team time to rest before their semi-final replay. The reserves beat Wolves' Cup final team 4\u20132 at Molineux, boosting Everton's confidence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029753-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 FA Cup Final, Match summary\nEverton dominated the first half but saw their wingers hindered by the stray feet of the encroaching spectators on the touchline. To counteract this obstruction, both sides began to resort to a long ball game through the centre of the field. This tactic failed to provide any goals in the opening 45 minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029753-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 FA Cup Final, Match summary\nAs the second half progressed, Everton began to tire, perhaps feeling the effects of 4 games in 10 days. On the hour mark, Wolves captain Harry Allen launched a hopeful lob from distance, which was misjudged by Williams and allowed to bounce into the net. Everton complained that the crowd had impeded their attempts to clear the ball, thus presenting Allen with the opportunity in the first place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029753-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 FA Cup Final, Match summary\nAt the final whistle, the crowd invaded the pitch to mob the victorious Wolves players who had claimed their club's first ever FA Cup triumph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029754-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 French legislative election\nThe 1893 general election was held on 20 August and 3 September 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029754-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 French legislative election\nThe Republicans were victorious and gained an increased majority, and President Sadi Carnot invited Jean Casimir-Perier to form a government. However, there was increasing tension between the Radicals and the Moderates in the ruling coalition, which had manifested itself in the passage of a protectionist tariff law with right-wing support in January 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029754-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 French legislative election\nAfter the election, following the bombing of the Chamber of Deputies by the anarchist Auguste Vaillant on 9 December 1893, Casimir-Perier rushed through the lois sc\u00e9l\u00e9rates with the support of the Right.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029754-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 French legislative election\nCasimir-Perier was elected to the presidency on 24 June 1894, following the assassination of President Carnot by the Italian anarchist Sante Geronimo Caserio. In January 1895, however, he resigned, and was replaced by F\u00e9lix Faure, again with the support of the Right.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029754-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 French legislative election\nCasimir-Perier's government was followed by a series of moderate governments with right-wing support under Charles Dupuy, Alexandre Ribot and Jules M\u00e9line \u2013 with the short-lived exception of the government of Radical L\u00e9on Bourgeois (November 1895 \u2013 April 1896).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029755-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Furman Purple Hurricane football team\nThe 1893 Furman Purple Hurricane football team represented the Furman Purple Hurricane of Furman University during the 1893 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029756-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Geneva Covenanters football team\nThe 1893 Geneva Covenanters football team was an American football team that represented Geneva College as an independent during the 1893 college football season. Led by fourth-year head coach William McCracken, Geneva compiled a record of 2\u20132\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029757-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Georgetown football team\nThe 1893 Georgetown Hoyas football team represented the Georgetown University during the 1893 college football season. Georgetown finished the season with a 4\u20134 record. Dick Harley served as player-coach. They played home games at Boundary Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029758-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nThe 1893 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1893 college football season. The Bulldogs completed the season with a 2\u20132\u20131 record. 1893 saw the Bulldogs play their first games against Georgia Tech, losing 28\u20136, Vanderbilt, losing 10\u201335, and Furman, winning 22\u20138. The rivalries with Georgia Tech and Vanderbilt continue to the present day, while the last game played against Furman was played in 1950. Today, the game with Georgia Tech is today known as \"Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029758-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nOne of the notable players on the team for the 1893 season was Blanton Winship, a law student at Georgia. Winship played tackle that year only, but went on to become a military lawyer, a veteran of both the Spanish\u2013American War and World War I, the Judge Advocate General of the United States Army and the Governor of Puerto Rico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029758-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Georgia Bulldogs football team, Sources\nThis College football 1890s season article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029759-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Georgia Tech football team\nThe 1893 Georgia Tech football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1893 college football season. It was the team's second ever season, featuring its first ever victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029760-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 German federal election\nFederal elections were held in Germany on 15 June 1893. Despite the Social Democratic Party (SPD) receiving a plurality of votes, the Centre Party remained the largest party in the Reichstag after winning 96 of the 397 seats, whilst the SPD won just 44. Voter turnout was 72.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029761-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team\nThe 1893 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Gonzaga University during the 1893 college football season. In their second season they played one game, a 16\u20130 win over Spokane High School. They were under second year head coach Henry Luhn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029762-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Grand National\nThe 1893 Grand National was the 55th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 24 March 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029762-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Grand National\nOwner Charles Duff went on to field two more winners in 1912 and 1913, when he had becomeSir Charles Assheton-Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029763-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Greensburg Athletic Association season\nThe 1893 Greensburg Athletic Association season was their fourth season in existence. The team's record for this season is largely unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029764-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Guilford Quakers football team\nThe 1893 Guilford Quakers football team represented Guilford College during the 1893 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029765-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Hampden\u2013Sydney Tigers football team\nThe 1893 Hampden\u2013Sydney football team represented Hampden\u2013Sydney College during the 1893 college football season. The 1893 team played just one game, falling by a score of 12\u20136 at home to Randolph\u2013Macon Yellow Jackets football in the first ever playing of the rivalry between the two schools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029766-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1893 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1893 college football season. The Crimson finished with an 11\u20131 record. The team won its first 10 games but lost to Yale in the 11th game of the season by a 6\u20130 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029767-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Hillsdale Dales football team\nThe 1893 Hillsdale Dales football team was an American football team that represented Hillsdale College in the 1893 college football season. The team compiled a 4\u20131 with its only loss being against Notre Dame at South Bend, Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029768-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Home Nations Championship\nThe 1893 Home Nations Championship was the eleventh series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Six matches were played between 17 January and 11 March. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. In winning all three matches, Wales won the Championship for the first time and also took the Triple Crown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029768-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Home Nations Championship, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on points scored. A try was worth two points, while converting a kicked goal from the try gave an additional three points. A dropped goal and a goal from mark were both worth four points. Penalty goals were worth three points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029768-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England\nWales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Norman Biggs (Cardiff), William McCutcheon (Swansea), Arthur Gould (Newport) capt., Conway Rees (Llanelli), Percy Phillips (Newport), Fred Parfitt (Newport), Frank Mills (Swansea), Charles Nicholl (Llanelli), Harry Day (Newport), Jim Hannan (Newport), Frank Hill (Cardiff), Arthur Boucher (Newport), Tom Graham (Newport), Wallace Watts (Newport)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029768-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England\nEngland: Edwin Field (Cambridge U. ), Andrew Stoddart (Blackheath) capt., RE Lockwood (Heckmondwike), Frederic Alderson (Hartlepool Rovers), Howard Marshall (Blackheath), FR de Winton (Blackheath), Frank Evershed (Blackheath), JH Greenwell (Rockcliff), Sammy Woods (Wellington), J Toothill (Bradford), H Bradshaw (Bramley), T Broadley (Bingley), Philip Maud (Blackheath), FC Lohden (Blackheath), William Bromet (Tadcaster)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029768-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. England\nIreland S Gardiner (Belfast Albion), T Edwards (Limerick), S Lee (NIFC) capt., W Gardiner (NIFC), FE Davies (Lansdowne), T Thornhill (Wanderers), Robert Johnston (Wanderers), TJ Johnston (Queens Uni. Belfast), EJ Walsh (Lansdowne), H Lindsay (Dublin U. ), Arthur Wallis (Wanderers), MS Egan (Garryowen), R Stevenson (Dungannon), CV Rooke (Dublin U. ), JH O'Conor (Bective Rangers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029768-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. England\nEngland: Edwin Field (Cambridge U. ), RE Lockwood (Heckmondwike), JW Dyson (Huddersfield), T Nicholson (Rockcliff), EW Taylor (Rockcliff), H Duckett (Bradford), Frank Evershed (Blackheath), JH Greenwell (Rockcliff), Sammy Woods (Wellington) capt., J Toothill (Bradford), H Bradshaw (Bramley), Alfred Allport (Blackheath), Philip Maud (Blackheath), William Yiend (Hartlepool Rovers), William Bromet (Tadcaster)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029768-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales\nScotland: AWC Cameron (Watsonians), DD Robertson (Cambridge U. ), Gregor MacGregor  (London Scottish), James Gowans (Cambridge U. ), RC Greig (Glasgow Acads), William Wotherspoon (West of Scotland), HF Menzies (West of Scotland), Thomas Hendry (Clydesdale), GT Neilson (West of Scotland), HTO Leggatt (Watsonians), JN Millar (West of Scotland), WR Gibson (Royal HSFP), WB Cownie (Watsonians), A Dalglish (Gala), Robert MacMillan (London Scottish) capt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029768-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales\nWales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Norman Biggs (Cardiff), William McCutcheon (Swansea), Arthur Gould (Newport) capt., Bert Gould (Newport), Percy Phillips (Newport), Fred Parfitt (Newport), Frank Mills (Swansea), Charles Nicholl (Llanelli), Harry Day (Newport), Jim Hannan (Newport), Frank Hill (Cardiff), Arthur Boucher (Newport), Tom Graham (Newport), Wallace Watts (Newport)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029768-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nIreland S Gardiner (Belfast Albion), LH Gwynne (Dublin U. ), S Lee (NIFC) capt., W Gardiner (NIFC), FE Davies (Lansdowne), WS Brown (Dublin U. ), B O'Brien (Derry), TJ Johnston (Queens Uni. Belfast), EG Forrest (Wanderers), H Lindsay (Dublin U. ), H Forrest (Wanderers), JS Jameson (Lansdowne), R Stevenson (Dungannon), CV Rooke (Dublin U. ), JH O'Conor (Bective Rangers)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029768-0009-0000", "contents": "1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nScotland: Henry Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), GT Campbell (London Scottish), Gregor MacGregor  (London Scottish), Willie Neilson (Cambridge U. ), JW Simpson (Royal HSFP), WP Donaldson (Oxford U,), HF Menzies (West of Scotland), Thomas Hendry (Clydesdale), JM Bishop (Glasgow Acads), JD Boswell (West of Scotland) capt., D Fisher (West of Scotland), WR Gibson (Royal HSFP), WB Cownie (Watsonians), JE Orr (West of Scotland), JR Ford (Gala)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029768-0010-0000", "contents": "1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nEngland: William Grant Mitchell (Richmond), JW Dyson (Huddersfield), Andrew Stoddart (Blackheath) capt., FP Jones (New Brighton), Cyril Wells (Cambridge U. ), H Duckett (Bradford), Frank Evershed (Blackheath), F Soane (Bath), JJ Robinson (Cambridge U. ), J Toothill (Bradford), H Bradshaw (Bramley), T Broadley (Bingley), Launcelot Percival (Rugby), William Yiend (Hartlepool Rovers), William Bromet (Tadcaster)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029768-0011-0000", "contents": "1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Scotland\nScotland: Henry Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), GT Campbell (London Scottish), Gregor MacGregor  (London Scottish), Willie Neilson (Cambridge U. ), JW Simpson (Royal HSFP), William Wotherspoon (West of Scotland), HTO Leggatt (Watsonians), Thomas Hendry (Clydesdale), RS Davidson (Royal HSFP), JD Boswell (West of Scotland) capt., TM Scott (Melrose), WR Gibson (Royal HSFP), WB Cownie (Watsonians), JE Orr (West of Scotland), Robert MacMillan (London Scottish)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029768-0012-0000", "contents": "1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Ireland\nWales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Norman Biggs (Cardiff), William McCutcheon (Swansea), Arthur Gould (Newport) capt., Bert Gould (Newport), Percy Phillips (Newport), Fred Parfitt (Newport), Frank Mills (Swansea), Charles Nicholl (Llanelli), David Samuel (Newport), Jim Hannan (Newport), Frank Hill (Cardiff), Arthur Boucher (Newport), Tom Graham (Newport), Wallace Watts (Newport)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029768-0013-0000", "contents": "1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Ireland\nIreland W Sparrow (Dublin U. ), RW Dunlop (NIFC), S Lee (NIFC) capt., W Gardiner (NIFC), FE Davies (Lansdowne), WS Brown (Dublin U. ), B O'Brien (Derry), TJ Johnston (Queens Uni. Belfast), EG Forrest (Wanderers), H Lindsay (Dublin U. ), Arthur Wallis (Wanderers), RW Hamilton (Wanderers), R Stevenson (Dungannon), CV Rooke (Dublin U. ), Andrew Clinch (Dublin U.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029769-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Honduran presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Honduras on 14 September 1893. Domingo V\u00e1squez was the only candidate, and was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029769-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Honduran presidential election, Background\nOn 9 February 1893 President Ponciano Leiva, who had been elected in 1891, announced he was stepping down and handed power to Minister of War Rosendo Ag\u00fcero. Ag\u00fcero susbequently delegated his power to Domingo V\u00e1squez. Leiva formally resigned on 15 July, although he remained president until 7 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029770-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 ICA Track Cycling World Championships\nThe 1893 Track Cycling World Championships were the inaugural world championships for track cycling. Before then there had been events described as world championships but without ratification by a world cycling authority. The creation of the International Cycling Association in 1892 made internationally recognised championships possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029770-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 ICA Track Cycling World Championships\nThey took place in Chicago, United States. There were three events: sprint, stayers' race (motor-paced) and a 10\u00a0km, now classified as a scratch race. The rules allowed for a team race but it was not held. Races were held only for amateurs. Winners received a gold medal and all other participants a silver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029770-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 ICA Track Cycling World Championships\nThe USA took two of the three gold medals. The table below shows the position had gold, silver and bronze medals been awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029771-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1893 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1893 college football season. In their second season under head coach Edward K. Hall, the Illini compiled a 3\u20132\u20133 record. End George H. Atherton was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029772-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Inangahua by-election\nThe Inangahua by-election of 1893 was a by-election held on 8 June 1893 during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the West Coast seat of Inangahua.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029772-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Inangahua by-election\nThe by-election was held because of the bankruptcy of the previous member of parliament Richard Reeves who had won the seat by just one vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029772-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Inangahua by-election\nThis election saw Robert Stout, a twice former premier, who had been out of parliament since 1887 return under the newly organised New Zealand Liberal Party. Patrick O'Regan would also stand for the New Zealand Liberal Party in later years and won the seat of Inangahua at the 1893 New Zealand general election. This was the last by-election (or general election) in New Zealand held before the introduction of universal suffrage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029773-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1893 Indiana Hoosiers football team was an American football team that represented Indiana University Bloomington during the 1893 college football season. Indiana played sixt games and compiled a 1\u20134\u20131 record, winning a game against the Danville Athletic Club (18\u20130), tying with Kentucky (24\u201324), and losing games to Purdue (0\u201364), Butler (0\u201338), Wabash (12\u201324), and DePauw (0\u201334).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029774-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1893 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 29 November 1893 as part of that years local elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029774-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Invercargill mayoral election\nIncumbent mayor Duncan McFarlane was defeated, coming third behind Andrew Raeside and former unofficial mayor Aaron Blacke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029775-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Iowa Agricultural Cardinals football team\nThe 1893 Iowa Agricultural Cardinals football team represented Iowa Agricultural College (later renamed Iowa State University) as an independent during the 1893 college football season. The 1893 Cyclones compiled a 0\u20133 record, losing twice to Grinnell (6-36 and 2-6) and once to Cornell (6-14). They were outscored by a combined total of 56 to 4. W. P. Finney was the head coach, and  Ed Mellinger was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029775-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Iowa Agricultural Cardinals football team\nBetween 1892 and 1913, the football team played on a field that later became the site of the university's Parks Library.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029776-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1893 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa during the 1893 college football season. The season featured a new head coach in Ben \"Sport\" Donnelly. Like Dalton, Donnelly was only hired before the season to prepare and assemble the team. Donnelly was disliked compared to his predecessor but it did not stop Iowa from getting their first victory in the Western Interstate University Football Association (WIUFA) with a win over Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029777-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Iowa Senate election\nIn the 1893 Iowa State Senate elections Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the twenty-fifth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 24 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029777-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Iowa Senate election\nA statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the 1893 elections is provided by the Iowa General Assembly", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029777-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Democrats had control of the Iowa Senate with 25 seats to Republicans' 24 seats and one seat held by the People's Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029777-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Democrats, the Republicans needed to net 2 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029777-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans claimed control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1893 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 34 seats, Democrats having 16 seats, and the People's Party losing its lone seat (a net gain of 10 seats for Republicans).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029778-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1893 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1893. Republican nominee Frank D. Jackson defeated Democratic incumbent Horace Boies with 49.74% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029779-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Kalamazoo football team\nThe 1893 Kalamazoo football team was an American football team that represented Kalamazoo College in the 1893 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029780-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1893 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Western Interstate University Football Association (WIUFA) during the 1893 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach A. W. Shepard, the Jayhawks compiled a 2\u20135 record (2\u20131 against conference opponents), tied for the conference championship, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 108 to 85. The Jayhawks played their home games at McCook Field in Lawrence, Kansas. A. R. Champlin was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029781-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1893 Kentucky Derby was the 19th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 10, 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029782-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Kentucky State College Blue and White football team\nThe 1893 Kentucky State College Blue and White football team represented Kentucky State College\u2014now known as the University of Kentucky\u2014during the 1893 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029783-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1893 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the fifth staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029783-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nConfederation won the championship after a 1-04 to 0-00 defeat of Callan in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029784-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 LSU football team\nThe 1893 LSU football team represented Louisiana State University during the 1893 college football season. This was the first year that LSU sponsored a football team. The Tigers were coached by university professor Dr Charles E. Coates against in-state school Tulane of New Orleans. The game sparked a rivalry between the Tigers and the Green Wave that has lasted generations. Future Louisiana governor Ruffin G. Pleasant was the quarterback and captain of the LSU team. In the first game against Tulane, LSU football players wore purple and gold ribbons on their uniforms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029784-0000-0001", "contents": "1893 LSU football team\nAccording to legend, purple and gold were chosen because they were Mardi Gras colors, and the green of Mardi Gras was sold out. An LSU baseball team had also worn purple and gold in its first varsity game against Tulane earlier in 1893, even though LSU's official colors at the time were actually blue and white.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029784-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 LSU football team\nThe rules of play in 1893 were more like rugby than what might be considered modern football. The rules called for eleven players on a side with a scrimmage line dividing the teams. The team on offense was required to begin a play by kicking the ball either forward or backward to the quarterback. The quarterback couldn't run with the ball, but he could hand it off. In order to keep possession, the offensive team had to either gain five yards in three downs or not lose ten yards. Forward passing was not allowed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029784-0001-0001", "contents": "1893 LSU football team\nTouchdowns counted for 4 points, with 2 points for a goal after a touchdown, 4 points for a field goal, and 2 points for a safety. Players wore an assortment of \"football armor\" such as \"shin guards, rubber noses, head bands, ankle protectors, elbow and hip pads, ear guards, and mouth pieces. The game consisted of two 45-minute halves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029785-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Lafayette football team\nThe 1893 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1893 college football season. In its first year under head coaches Pearl T. Haskell and H. H. Vincent, the team compiled a 3\u20136 record. Ernest Edwards was the team captain. The team played its home games on The Quad in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029786-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Lehigh football team\nThe 1893 Lehigh football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1893 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Harmon S. Graves, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record and outscored opponents by a total of 174 to 84.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029787-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Liberian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liberia in 1893. In the presidential election, incumbent Joseph James Cheeseman of the True Whig Party was re-elected for a second term, defeating Anthony D. Williams, Jr., who ran on the New Republican Party ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029788-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1893 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the sixth staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029788-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 29 October 1893, Bruree won the championship after a 9-01 to 0-01 defeat of St. Michael's in the final. It was their first championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029789-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Wednesday 1 November 1893. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029789-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 15, South Toxteth, 20 February 1894\nCaused by the resignation of Councillor James De Bels Adam (Conservative, South Toxteth, elected 1 November 1891),  which was reported to the Council on 7 February 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 91], "content_span": [92, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029789-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 6 Castle Street, 19 June 1894\nCaused by the resignation of Councillor Henry Hugh Hornby (Liberal Unionist, Castle Street, elected 1 November 1892), which was reported to the Council on 6 June 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029790-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Liverpool West Derby by-election\nThe 1893 Liverpool West Derby by-election was held on 10 January 1893 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP William Henry Cross. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Walter Hume Long.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029791-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nThe 1893 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge was the second edition of the Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge cycle race and was held on 28 May 1893. The race started and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by L\u00e9on Houa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029792-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Louisville Colonels season\nThe 1893 Louisville Colonels baseball team finished with a 50\u201375 record, good for eleventh place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029792-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029792-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029792-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029792-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029793-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Macleay colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Macleay on 29 May 1893 because of the resignation of Otho Dangar (Protectionist) due to insolvency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029794-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Maryland Aggies football team\nThe 1893 Maryland Aggies football team represented the Maryland Agricultural College (now the University of Maryland) in the 1893 college football season. After losing all three of its games the previous season without scoring a point, Maryland showed considerable improvement in 1893. The Aggies defeated all six opponents and were named the District of Columbia and Maryland state champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029795-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Maryville Scots football team\nThe 1893 Maryville Scots football team represented the Maryville College during the 1893 college football season. They had a 0\u20131 record with Japanese head coach Kin Takahashi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029796-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1893 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1893 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 1\u20139.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029797-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1893 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1893. Incumbent Democratic Governor William Russell did not run for a fourth term in office. Republican U.S. Representative Frederic Greenhalge was elected to succeed him, defeating Democratic former U.S. Representative John E. Russell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029798-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 114th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1893 during the governorship of William E. Russell. Alfred S. Pinkerton served as president of the Senate and William Emerson Barrett served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029799-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Mercer Baptists football team\nThe 1893 Mercer Baptists football team represented Mercer University in the 1893 college football season. They finished with a record of 0\u20131 as they lost their only game 6\u201310.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029800-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1893 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University during the 1893 college football season. There was no paid head coach for the season. They went undefeated in 3 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029801-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team\nThe 1893 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team represented Michigan State Normal School (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) during the 1893 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Ernest P. Goodrich, the Normalites compiled a record of 4\u20132, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 116 to 100. J. M. Swift was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1893 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football that represented the University of Michigan as a member of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the Northwest during the 1893 college football season. In its second season under head coach Frank Barbour, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record and outscored its opponents by a combined score of 278 to 102.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe Wolverines lost three games in the middle of the season to Amos Alonzo Stagg's Chicago Maroons, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, then closed the season with five consecutive victories, including victories over Purdue (46\u20138), Northwestern (72\u20136), and Kansas (22\u20130), and a Thanksgiving Day victory (28\u201310) in a rematch with Chicago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 1: Detroit Athletic Club\nOn October 7, 1893, Michigan defeated the Deltas of Detroit Athletic Club by a 6\u20130 score before a crowd of between 300 and 400 spectators at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. Left halfback Raynor Freund scored Michigan's touchdown (four points) after 16 minutes into the game, and fullback George Dygert kicked the goal from touchdown (two points). Neither team scored in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 85], "content_span": [86, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0002-0001", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 1: Detroit Athletic Club\nMichigan's lineup in the game was Gustave Ferbert (left end), Edwin A. Murbach (left tackle), Willard W. Griffin (left guard), Charles T. Griffin (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), William I. Aldrich (right tackle), Ralph W. Hayes and Walter A. Parker (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Freund (left halfback), Avery (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 85], "content_span": [86, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 2: at Detroit Athletic Club\nOn October 14, 1893, Michigan again defeated Deltas, this time by a more dominant 26\u20130 score. The game began at 4:25\u00a0p.m. and was played in the rain, on a muddy field, and before a small crowd of approximately 150 persons at the Detroit Athletic Club grounds in Detroit. Michigan scored four touchdowns in the first half, and George Dygert kicked one goal from touchdown to give Michigan an 18-0 lead at halftime. Herman Leonard and Willard W. Griffin each scored two touchdowns in the half, including a 20-yard run by Leonard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 88], "content_span": [89, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0003-0001", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 2: at Detroit Athletic Club\nLeonard and Griffin each scored another touchdown in the second half. Michigan's lineup in the game was Gustave Ferbert (left end), Henry M. Senter (left tackle), Frederick W. Henninger (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), W.W. Griffin (right guard), William I. Aldrich (right tackle), Mason (maybe Marsten) (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Leonard (left halfback), Raynor Freund (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 88], "content_span": [89, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 3: at Chicago\nOn October 21, 1893, Michigan lost to Chicago by a 10\u20136 score on the grounds at 57th Street and Ellis Avenue in Chicago. Michigan's touchdown was scored by George Dygert, and W. W. Griffin kicked the goal from touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 3: at Chicago\nMichigan's lineup against Chicago was Gustave Ferbert (left end), Henry M. Senter (left tackle), W. W. Griffin (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), Frank Villa (right tackle), Hayes (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Grosh and Paul (left halfback), Raynor Freund (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 4: Minnesota\nOn October 28, 1893, Michigan lost to Minnesota, 30\u201324. The game began at 3:00\u00a0p.m. and was played in front of 1,000 spectators at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. Michigan's left halfback Raynor Freund scored two touchdowns, one on a 60-yard run around left end, and Hooper and Aldrich each scored one. Bartlett, a former Princeton player, started at right halfback for Michigan, but was injured and carried from the field. Dygert kicked at least one of the goals after touchdown for Michigan. Right halfback Southworth starred for Minnesota, scoring at least three touchdowns. The U. of M. Daily praised Minnesota for its excellent interference and \"exceedingly strong\" line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 4: Minnesota\nWhen news of the victory reached the Minnesota campus, students there celebrated around a huge bonfire on the campus, executed \"joyous gyrations\", and toured the city, including a stop at the home of President Northrop.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 4: Minnesota\nMichigan's lineup against Minnesota was Ferbert (left end), Aldrich (left tackle), W. Griffin (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), Hooper (right tackle), Roger Sherman (right end), James Baird (quarterback) (quarterback), Raynor Freund (left halfback), Bartell (right halfback), and George Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0009-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 5: Wisconsin\nOn November 4, 1893, Michigan lost to Wisconsin by a 34\u201318 score at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. Michigan's captain George Dygert was unable to play due to injury. Baird served as captain for the game. W.W. Griffin scored three touchdown and kicked a goal from touchdown. Gustave Ferbert scored a touchdown. Wisconsin scored six touchdowns and kicked five goals from touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0010-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 5: Wisconsin\nMichigan's lineup against Wisconsin was George Greenleaf (left end), W. W. Griffin (left tackle), James H. Hooper (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), Frank Villa (right tackle), Roger Sherman (right end), James Baird (quarterback and captain), Gustave Ferbert (left halfback), Raynor Freund (right halfback), and Horace Dyer (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0011-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 6: at Purdue\nOn November 11, 1893, Michigan defeated Purdue by a 46\u20138 score. The game began at 2:35\u00a0p.m. and was played before a crowd of 2,000 persons at Stuart Field in Lafayette, Indiana. A large number of Michigan alumni attended the game wearing blue and yellow. W. W. Griffin scored four touchdowns. Additional Michigan touchdowns were scored by Horace Dyer, Frank Villa, Frederick W. Henninger, and Gustave Ferbert. Buschman and Olin scored touchdowns for Purdue", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0012-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 6: at Purdue\nMichigan's lineup against Purdue was Ferbert (left end), W. W. Griffin (left tackle), James H. Hooper (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), Henninger (right guard), Villa (right tackle), Aldrich (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Dyer (left halfback), Raynor Freund and Henry M. Senter (right halfback), and George Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0013-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 7: at DePauw\nOn Monday, November 13, 1893, Michigan defeated DePauw by a 34\u20130 score at Greencastle, Indiana. Michigan's captain George Dygert did not play due to tonsilitis. The game was 40 minutes in length. Head coach Frank Barbour, playing at right halfback, and Gustave Ferbert, playing at left halfback, each scored two touchdowns for Michigan. James H. Hooper, Frank Villa, and Willard W. Griffin each scored one touchdown. Barbour also kicked two goals from touchdown, and Griffin kicked one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0014-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 7: at DePauw\nMichigan's lineup against DePauw was Henry M. Senter (left end), Hooper (left tackle), Griffin (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), Villa (right tackle), William I. Aldrich (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Ferbert (left halfback), Barbour (right halfback), and Horace Dyer (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0015-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 7: at DePauw\nThe victory over DePauw concluded a successful trip to Indiana. The team returned to Ann Arbor at noon on Tuesday, November 14, and were welcomed by an enthusiastic crowd of admirers at the train depot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0016-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 8: Northwestern\nOn November 18, 1893, Michigan defeated Northwestern, 72\u20136, at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. The game was played in 30-minute halves. Michigan scored 12 touchdowns (48 points). Fullback George Dygert scored 42 points in the game on five touchdowns (20 points) and 11 kicks for goal from touchdown (22 points). Michigan also added two points on a safety. Gustave Ferbert and Frank Villa each scored two touchdowns, and additional Michigan touchdowns were scored by Willard W. Griffin, James H. Hooper, and James L. Morrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0017-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 8: Northwestern\nGeorge Jewett scored Northwestern's only touchdown. Jewett had previously played for Michigan and was the first African-American to play football for both Michigan and Northwestern.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0018-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 8: Northwestern\nMichigan's lineup against Northwestern was Henry M. Senter (left end),  Griffin (left tackle), Hooper (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), Villa (right tackle), William I. Aldrich (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Ferbert (left halfback), Horace Dyer (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0019-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 9: vs. Kansas\nOn November 25, 1893, Michigan defeated Kansas, 22\u20130. The game was played before 3,000 spectators, including 500 students who traveled from Kansas, at the Fairmount Oval in Kansas City, Missouri. Left tackle W. W. Griffin scored Michigan's first touchdown and kicked two goals from touchdown. Right halfback John W. Hollister scored three touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0020-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 9: vs. Kansas\nAfter the game, the Michigan team was entertained in a private box at the Ninth Street Theatre and later at the Kansas City Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0021-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 9: vs. Kansas\nMichigan's lineup against Kansas was Henry M. Senter (left end), W. W. Griffin (left tackle), Hooper (left guard), Smith (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), Frank Villa (right tackle), Aldrich (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Horace Dyer (left halfback), Hollister (right halfback), and George Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0022-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: at Chicago\nOn Thanksgiving Day, November 30, 1893, Michigan defeated Chicago by a 28\u201310 score before a crowd of 3,500 persons at Marshall Field in Chicago. Michigan captain George Dygert remained injured and unable to play; quarterback James Baird served as captain in his place. The game began at 11:23\u00a0a.m. with the two coaches, Frank Barbour and Amos Alonzo Stagg, serving as referee and umpire in the first half and reversing roles for the second half. Michigan scored first when Frank Villa was pushed by his teammates across the goal line \"by sheer beef and brawn\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0022-0001", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: at Chicago\nW. W. Griffin kicked the goal, and Michigan led, 6\u20130. Michigan's second touchdown was scored by Griffin, who was also pushed across the goal line by his teammates. Griffin again kicked the goal, and Michigan led, 12\u20130. Villa then scored another touchdown, and Griffin again kicked the goal. Michigan led, 18\u20130, at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0023-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: at Chicago\nIn the second half, John W. Hollister made a 40-yard run around right end for Michigan's fourth touchdown. Griffin again kicked goal. After Michigan took a 24\u20130 lead, Chicago scored two touchdowns and cut the lead to 24\u201310. Roger Sherman then recovered a Chicago fumble and returned it for Michigan's fifth touchdown. Griffin failed to kick the goal, and Michigan led, 28\u201310.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029802-0024-0000", "contents": "1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: at Chicago\nMichigan's lineup against Chicago was George Greenleaf (right end), Frank Villa (right tackle), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), C. H. Smith (center), James Hooper (left guard), W. W. Griffin (left tackle), Henry M. Senter (left end), Baird (quarterback), Hollister (right halfback), Gustave Ferbert (left halfback), and Horace Dyer (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029803-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Mid Tipperary by-election\nThe Mid Tipperary by-election, 1893 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Mid Tipperary on 24 February 1893. The vacancy arose because of the death of the sitting member, John McCarthy of the Irish National Federation. Only one candidate was nominated, James Francis Hogan of the Irish National Federation, who was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029804-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1893 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1893 college football season. It was the only season under head coach Wallace Winter and it featured the second season of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the Northwest. Minnesota plowed undefeated through its schedule to set up an end-of-season matchup with Wisconsin for the league title. The game was a rout and the teams agreed to stop the game early after Minnesota took a 40\u20130 lead. Due to financial difficulties, the league disbanded after the 1893 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029804-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Wisconsin\nOn November 11, 1893, Minnesota finished its season with a 40 to 0 victory over Wisconsin in Minneapolis. Left halfback Pillsbury scored four touchdowns, and right halfback Adams scored three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 70], "content_span": [71, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029805-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1893 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri as a member of the Western Interstate University Football Association (WIUFA) during the 1893 college football season. In its first season under head coach Harry Orman Robinson, the team compiled a 4\u20133 record (2\u20131 against WIUFA championship) and tied with Kansas for the conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029806-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Murrumbidgee colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Murrumbidgee on 30 March 1893 because of the resignation of the Premier Sir George Dibbs (Protectionist) due to insolvency. Sir George had twice been made bankrupt 10 and 15 years previously. He attributed his bankruptcy to depreciation in the value of his freehold and mining property.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029807-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Natal parliamentary election\nEarly elections to the Legislative Council were held in the Colony of Natal between 14 and 20 September 1893. They followed the proclamation of new constitution on 4 July, granting the colony responsible government. Following the election, John Robinson was appointed the colony's first Premier. The new parliament in Pietermaritzburg was opened on 19 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029808-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1893 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1893 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach John A. Hartwell, the Midshipmen compiled a 5\u20133 record, shut out two opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined score of 122 to 78.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029809-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team\nThe 1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 1893 college football season. The team was coached by first-year head coach Frank Crawford, and played their home games at Lincoln Park, in Lincoln, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029809-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team\nPrior to the 1893 season, NU hired an official head coach for the first time in program history. Frank Crawford, also the first head coach of Michigan's football program, was compensated with a $500 stipend plus tuition to the university. Nebraska also began charging a 25-cent admission fee to attend games played at Lincoln Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029809-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Doane\nAfter no game between the two schools in 1892, Nebraska and Doane met in 1893 at Lincoln Park. Nebraska dominated the game, shutting out Doane, including a goal-line stand from the two-yard line that was followed by a lengthy NU touchdown drive. Doane, down by 28 late in the second half, ultimately forfeited the rest of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 60], "content_span": [61, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029809-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Doane\nNebraska's first mascot, a white bull terrier painted red on one side, made its first appearance at this game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 60], "content_span": [61, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029809-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Baker\nAccording to the custom of the time, each team selected one of the two members of the officiating crew, and Baker's selection was a member of their own team. Baker's official reportedly made a number of calls or non-calls that prompted anger from the Bugeaters, who quickly fell behind 6\u20130. Ten unanswered points gave Nebraska a 10\u20136 lead until a late Baker touchdown tied the game, and the game ended 10\u201310. This was the only game ever played between Baker and Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 60], "content_span": [61, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029809-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, at Denver Athletic Club\nNebraska's rematch with the Denver Athletic Club was a highly physical game, with reports of slugging, kicking, and at least one player temporarily knocked unconscious. Animosity ran high, reportedly nearing a riot by halftime. There were still ten minutes left to play in the second half of a tied game when the Denver AC squad was called for a slugging foul, turning the ball over to the Bugeaters. The Denver AC team walked off the field and, after an extended debate, refused to finish the game. This resulted in a forfeit, and the official score was recorded as a 1\u20130 Nebraska win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 78], "content_span": [79, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029809-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nBefore Nebraska's first conference game of the season, the team was delayed arriving in Kansas City until very early on the morning of the game. Missouri took advantage of the weary Bugeaters, outsscoring NU 18\u20136 in the second half to win the game 30\u201318.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029809-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nUniversity of Missouri records list the final score as an 18\u201312 Missouri victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029809-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nNebraska's attempts to even the series with Kansas were quickly dashed. The Jayhawks scored all 18 of the game's points, including a bizarre play in which a Kansas punt was fumbled by Nebraska and recovered by Kansas, whose players subsequently fumbled and recovered the ball twice before running it in for a touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 61], "content_span": [62, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029809-0009-0000", "contents": "1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Iowa\nIowa met Nebraska to close out league play in blizzard conditions. The game was punctuated by the appearance of Bugeater head coach Frank Crawford in the lineup, playing off the right half and kicking field goals (this practice was not uncommon at the time). Nebraska held on for a 20\u201318 win, resulting in a third-place WIUFA finish between Nebraska and Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029809-0010-0000", "contents": "1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Iowa\nUniversity of Iowa records suggest this game was played on November 23, 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029810-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 New Hampshire football team\nThe 1893 New Hampshire football team was an American football team that represented New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts during the 1893 college football season\u2014the school became the University of New Hampshire in 1923. This was the first year that the college fielded a football team, which lost the only game it played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029810-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 New Hampshire football team, Schedule\nScoring during this era awarded 4 points for a touchdown, 2 points for a conversion kick (extra point), and 5 points for a field goal. Teams played in the one-platoon system and the forward pass was not yet legal. Games were played in two halves rather than four quarters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029810-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 New Hampshire football team, Schedule\nNHC roster: Whittemore (C), Forrestal (RG), Sprague (RT), Brown (RE), Wiggin (LG), Russell (LT), Shattuck (LE), Roberts (QB), Howe (HB), Janvrin (HB), Demeritte (FB)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029810-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 New Hampshire football team, Schedule\nNewmarket roster: Barrett (C), Simpson (RG), G. Evans (RT), P. Griffin (RE), Walker (LG), Kennedy (LT), Maguire (LE), Haley (QB), W. Evans (HB), M. Griffin (HB), Mellows (FB)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029811-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 New Year Honours\nThe New Year Honours 1893 were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were published on 2 January 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029811-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029812-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 New York Giants season\nThe 1893 New York Giants season was the franchise's 11th season. The team finished in fifth place in the National League with a 68-64 record, 19.5 games behind the Boston Beaneaters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029812-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029812-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029813-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 New York hurricane\nThe 1893 New York hurricane, also known as the Midnight Storm,  was a powerful and destructive tropical cyclone that struck the New York City area in August 1893. First identified as a tropical storm on August 15, over the central Atlantic Ocean, the hurricane moved northwestward for most of its course, ultimately peaking with maximum sustained winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure reading of 952 mbar (hPa; 28.11 inHg). It turned due northward as it approached the U.S. East Coast and struck western Long Island on August 24. It moved inland and quickly deteriorated, degenerating the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029813-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 New York hurricane\nThe storm inflicted severe damage with storm tides as high as 30\u00a0ft (9\u00a0m). Trees were brought down, houses were demolished, and Hog Island was largely washed away by the cyclone. Several areas suffered extensive effects from the hurricane, and at least 34 sailors lost their lives. The storm is regarded as one of the most severe hurricanes to strike the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029813-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 New York hurricane, Meteorological history\nThe system was first classified as a tropical storm while situated in the central Atlantic Ocean on August 15, 1893. It steadily intensified as it tracked generally toward the west and attained hurricane force. Gradually curving northwestward, the storm continued to gain power and, on August 18, it achieved wind speeds corresponding to Category 2 intensity on the modern-day Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane scale. This scale was devised in 1971 to categorize tropical cyclones based on their maximum sustained winds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029813-0002-0001", "contents": "1893 New York hurricane, Meteorological history\nThe storm is estimated to have maintained winds of approximately 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h) for several days as it passed well to the north of the Lesser Antilles. As the hurricane turned more northerly still, approaching the United States, it strengthened to major hurricane intensity, Category 3, on August 22. At this point, it peaked in intensity with winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h). The lowest known barometric pressure in relation to the storm was 952 mbar (hPa; 28.11 inHg).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029813-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 New York hurricane, Meteorological history\nLess than a day later, the storm deteriorated to Category 2 strength. Cape Hatteras, North Carolina experienced the hurricane on the morning of August 23 while its center passed less than 100\u00a0mi (160\u00a0km) offshore. Heading nearly due northward, the cyclone skimmed the New Jersey coastline, passing just east of Atlantic City, and weakened further to Category 1 status. On August 23 the storm was one of four hurricanes occurring simultaneously within the Atlantic Ocean. On August 24 the storm moved ashore on western Long Island, in the New York City area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029813-0003-0001", "contents": "1893 New York hurricane, Meteorological history\nAt 1200 UTC that day, while centered just inland, its maximum winds were estimated to have been 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h). It progressed northward through New England, quickly weakening. It was briefly downgraded to a tropical storm before becoming extratropical. It dissipated fully on August 25, near the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029813-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 New York hurricane, Impact\nWinds from the storm exceeded 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) at Atlantic City and New York, initially blowing from the northeast before shifting southwesterly. The hurricane wrought severe destruction, described by The New York Times on August 25 as \"a mighty war of winds and a great tumbling of chimneys\" and 3.82 inches (97\u00a0mm) of rain falling from 8:00 PM Wednesday to 8:00 AM Thursday. A 30\u00a0ft (9\u00a0m) storm surge struck the shore, demolishing structures as large as an elevated railway. The storm has been cited as an example of a noteworthy New York City tropical cyclone. The cyclone is known for largely destroying Hog Island, a developed resort island along the southern Long Island coast, which had been as long as about 1\u00a0mi (1.6\u00a0km) in the 1870s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029813-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 New York hurricane, Impact\nThe worst of the damage was reportedly confined to a 50\u00a0mi (80\u00a0km) area surrounding New York City. In a 12-hour period, 3.82\u00a0in (97\u00a0mm) of precipitation fell, breaking the daily rainfall record. Hundreds of thousands of dollars in losses accompanied the severe impact. Low-lying areas of the city, particularly those near the coast, were flooded. Roofs and chimneys were ripped off buildings and windows were broken in many homes and businesses. In Central Park, \"More than a hundred noble trees were torn up by the roots, and branches were twisted off everywhere.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029813-0005-0001", "contents": "1893 New York hurricane, Impact\nThe park was devastated and thousands of dead birds fell to the ground after being washed out of, or drowned in, their nests. Groups of children gathered the birds and picked them up, with the apparent intention of selling them to restaurants. The storm took the lives of 34 sailors as vessels were blown ashore and men swept overboard. The tugboat Panther, towing two coal barges, was wrecked; 17 crew members perished and three lived.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029813-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 New York hurricane, Impact\nHigh winds brought down telegraph wires and left the city almost entirely cut off from communication with outside locations. At Coney Island, the storm completely destroyed many buildings, walkways, piers, and beach resorts. Brighton Beach was hit particularly hard. The raging seas swept inland, washing out tracks of the Marine Railway. Bathing houses were moved a great distance by the cyclone. Near the Sheepshead Bay, Emmons Avenue was heavily damaged. Further to the east, at Greenport, numerous yachts were wrecked and scattered. Corn crops on land were ruined and fruit trees lost their fruits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029813-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 New York hurricane, Impact\nAt Brooklyn, still an independent city from New York, houses were dismantled and uprooted trees blocked streets. Damage was widespread throughout the area and flood waters reached waist-high levels. The storm was the most severe in years at Jersey City, New Jersey, despite the fact that its damage was moderate. Trees were blown down and cellars filled with water there and in nearby areas, such as Hoboken.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029814-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 New York state election\nThe 1893 New York state election was held on November 7, 1893, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer and a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate, and delegates to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029814-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 New York state election, History\nThe People's state convention met on August 18 and 19 at Sylvan Beach, New York. I. E. Dean was Permanent Chairman. James Wright was nominated for Secretary of State on the first ballot (vote: Wright 31, John Taft 28). De Myre S. Fero, of Glens Falls, was nominated for Comptroller on the first ballot (vote: Fero 47, E. P. Nevins 5). Frank H. Purdy, of Bluff Point, was nominated for Treasurer by acclamation. Thaddeus B. Wakeman, of New York City, was nominated for Attorney General; Lawrence J. McParlin for the Court of Appeals; and John A. Webster, of New York City, for State Engineer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029814-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 New York state election, History\nThe Prohibition state convention met on August 30 at Elmira, New York. Joseph A. Bogardus was Chairman. They nominated Joseph A. Bogardus, of New York City, for Secretary of State; George Chester, of Buffalo, for Comptroller; William R. Hunt of Honeoye Falls, for Treasurer; Edwin C. English, of Corning, for Attorney General; Silas W. Mason for the Court of Appeals; and Chester Belding of Middletown, for State Engineer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029814-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 New York state election, History\nThe Democratic state convention met on October 5 and 6 at Saratoga, New York. Daniel N. Lockwood presided. Cord Meyer, Jr., for Secretary of State Comptroller Frank Campbell, Attorney General Simon W. Rosendale, Hugh Duffy for Treasurer, and State Engineer Martin Schenck, were nominated by acclamation. The incumbent Isaac H. Maynard was nominated for the Court of Appeals after Robert Weidenmann, of Rockland County, spoke out loud against this nomination, and asked for a roll call. Weidenmann however was the only one who voted against Maynard's nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029814-0003-0001", "contents": "1893 New York state election, History\nThe ticket had been published already before the convention met, showing a strong party machine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029814-0003-0002", "contents": "1893 New York state election, History\nThe electorate however had still in mind the electoral fraud of the Dutchess County senatorial election in 1891 which went through the courts and involved the Democratic state officers; Judge Maynards subtraction of the letter containing the corrected statement, sent by the Dutchess County Clerk to Albany, which action showed him as \"cheap political trickster\" and made him a \"disgrace to the bench\"; and Treasurer Danforth's and Ex-Treasurer Fitzgerald's connection with the bankrupt Madison Square Bank in which Danforth had deposited State funds and which had given Danforth a \"loan\" of about seven years Treasurer's salary but closed its doors in August 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029814-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 New York state election, History\nThe Republican state convention met on October 6 at Syracuse, New York. Mr. Cullinen was Temporary Chairman until the choice of Judge Frank Brundage, of Onondaga County, as Permanent Chairman. Edward T. Bartlett was nominated for the Court of Appeals on the first ballot (vote: Bartlett 531\u00bd, William Rumsey 98, John Sabine Smith 80). John Palmer for Secretary of State, and James A. Roberts for Comptroller, were nominated by acclamation. Addison B. Colvin was nominated for Treasurer on the first ballot (vote: Colvin 392, Thomas H. O'Neill 175, Richmond 107). Theodore E. Hancock was nominated for Attorney General during the second ballot (first ballot: John Woodward 332, Hancock 246\u00bd, Gilbert E. D. Hasbrouck 124). Campbell W. Adams was nominated for State engineer by acclamation amid great noise and after two thirds of the delegates had left. ;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 891]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029814-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 New York state election, Results\nDragged down by Judge Maynard, the Democratic ticket was defeated, ending a ten-year supremacy which began with the election of Grover Cleveland in 1884. The Republican ticket was elected, beginning a Republican era of thirteen years in New York state politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029814-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 New York state election, Results\nObs. : \"Defective, blank and scattering\" votes: 10,860 (Judge); 3,642 (Attorney); 3,481 (Treasurer); 3,305 (Secretary); 3,087 (Engineer); 2,990 (Comptroller)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029815-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election\nThe New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election 1893 was held to decide the second leader of the New Zealand Liberal Party. The position went to Westland MP and incumbent deputy leader Richard Seddon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029815-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Background\nJohn Ballance underwent bowel surgery in 1893, but was clearly dying. He was visited by all of his cabinet members in the days before his death with the exception of Joseph Ward. Ballance eventually died on 27 April 1893 by which time the jostling for position had already started.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 62], "content_span": [63, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029815-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Candidates, Richard Seddon\nSeddon had been a Member of Parliament since 1879 and had been serving as Ballance's deputy since his appointment as Leader of the Opposition in 1889. Most saw him as Ballance's natural heir. Compared with many Liberal MPs, he was extremely popular with the masses; a desirable trait with an election looming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 78], "content_span": [79, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029815-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Candidates, Robert Stout\nBallance's preferred successor was said to have been Robert Stout his former colleague in the Grey and Stout-Vogel ministries. He asked Stout to return to parliament and be his successor. Stout agreed. As Stout was not an MP at the time of Ballance's death, he was never able to contest the leadership officially. Two cabinet members (John McKenzie and William Pember Reeves) favoured a postponement of the appointment of a new leader until Stout could be present. Stout re-entered parliament after a winning a by-election in Inangahua on 8 June 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 76], "content_span": [77, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029815-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Result\nSeddon claimed the leadership (and therefore premiership) initially on an interim basis, as Ballance's deputy there was little opposition to this by cabinet. At a cabinet meeting on 28 April 1893 Seddon was confirmed as acting Premier. However, no formal leadership vote was held thereafter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 58], "content_span": [59, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029815-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Aftermath\nSeddon would remain the leader of the Liberal Party until his own death in 1906. Stout continued to agitate against him. Seddon proved to be a popular figure with the masses and continued to lead the Liberals for a further 13 years until his death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 61], "content_span": [62, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029816-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand general election\nThe New Zealand general election of 1893 was held on 28 November and 20 December in the European and M\u0101ori electorates, respectively, to elect 74 MPs to the 12th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The election was won by the Liberal Party, and Richard Seddon became Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029816-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand general election\n1893 was the year universal suffrage was granted to women over 21 (including M\u0101ori), plural registration was abolished, plural voting for M\u0101ori property-owners was abolished, and only those whose descent was exactly half M\u0101ori were allowed to choose whether to vote in European or M\u0101ori electorates. Women's suffrage was the most consequential change.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029816-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand general election, 1892 electoral redistribution\nThe previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1890 for the 1890 election. The 1891 New Zealand census was the first to automatically trigger an electoral redistribution, which was undertaken in 1892. The population drift to the North Island resulted in the transfer of one electorate from the south to the north. Only three electorates remained with unaltered boundaries: Thames, Wairarapa, and Timaru. 14 new electorates were established, and of those, eight electorates were established for the first time: Bay of Plenty, Otaki, Pareora, Patea, Riccarton, Waiapu, Waimea-Sounds, and Wellington Suburbs. The remaining six electorates had existed before, and they were re-established for the 12th Parliament: Caversham, Chalmers, Lyttelton, Rangitata, Waihemo, and Waipa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 846]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029816-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand general election, Women's suffrage\nBy far the most notable change for the 1893 election was that the Electoral Act, 1893, extended the franchise to all women (including M\u0101ori) aged 21 and over. Women's suffrage was granted after about two decades of campaigning by women such as Kate Sheppard and Mary Ann M\u00fcller and organisations such as the New Zealand branch of the Women's Christian Temperance Union led by Anne Ward. Of countries presently independent, New Zealand was the first to give women the vote in modern times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029816-0003-0001", "contents": "1893 New Zealand general election, Women's suffrage\nJohn Hall, a Conservative politician and former premier, received most of the credit for pushing the legislation through Parliament; he is the only male who has his name inscribed on the Kate Sheppard National Memorial. There were only 10 weeks between the passage of the legislation and the election, and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) set about to enrol as many women as possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029816-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand general election, Women's suffrage\nThe bill had passed under the Liberal government which generally advocated social and political reform, but only due to a combination of personality issues and political accident. Seddon opposed it (unlike many other Liberals) because many women supported prohibition. He had expected to stop the bill in the upper house, but found that one more vote was needed. Thomas Kelly, a new Liberal Party councillor had left himself paired in favour of the measure, but Seddon obtained his consent by wire to change his vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029816-0004-0001", "contents": "1893 New Zealand general election, Women's suffrage\nSeddon's manipulation so incensed two opposition councillors, William Reynolds and Edward Stevens that they changed sides and voted for the bill, which was passed by 20 votes to 18 so giving the vote to women. Both the Liberals and the Conservatives subsequently claimed credit for sponsoring the enfranchisement of women and both sought to acquire women's votes, although the Liberals benefitted more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029816-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand general election, The election\nThe 1893 election was held on Tuesday, 28 November in the general electorates, and on Wednesday, 20 December in the M\u0101ori electorates to elect a total of 74 MPs to the 12th Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029816-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand general election, The election\nA total number of 302,997 (75.3%) voters turned out to vote. 65% of all eligible New Zealand women voted in the 1893 election. In 3 seats there was only one candidate. 31 and 39 electorates were in the North Island and South Island, respectively, plus the 4 M\u0101ori electorates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029816-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand general election, Results, Party totals\nThe following table gives party strengths and vote distribution according to Wilson (1985), who records Maori representatives as Independents prior to the 1905 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029816-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand general election, Results, Electorate results\nThe following is a table of electorate results by electorate. Key", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 62], "content_span": [63, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029817-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia\nThe 1893 New Zealand tour rugby to Australia was the second tour by the New Zealand national rugby union team to Australia. Ten matches were played against regional and district sides, but no Test matches were played. It was the first tour arranged by New Zealand Rugby Football Union, which had been founded the previous year. The only previous New Zealand national team was the side that toured New South Wales in 1884. Immediately before departing for Sydney, the tourists played a match against a \"Combined XV\" in Wellington, which New Zealand won 7\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029817-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia, Match summary\nComplete list of matches played by New Zealand in Australia:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 61], "content_span": [62, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029818-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Newfoundland general election\nThe 1893 Newfoundland general election was held on 6 November 1893 to elect members of the 17th General Assembly of Newfoundland in Newfoundland Colony. Although the Liberals won the majority of seats, the Tory party filed petitions against 15 elected Liberals and one Independent, James Murray, alleging election irregularities. The results of those elections were set aside by the courts and the candidates were barred from seeking reelection. The Tory Party, led by Augustus F. Goodridge, temporarily holding the balance of power, formed a government in 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029818-0000-0001", "contents": "1893 Newfoundland general election\nOnce the resulting by-elections had been held, the Liberals regained the balance of power and formed a government led by Daniel J. Greene. Greene's government passed legislation allowing candidates who had been disqualified to seek election again. William Whiteway was subsequently reelected in a by-election in early 1895 and became Premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029819-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1893 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team represented the North Carolina A&M Aggies of North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts during the 1893 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029820-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1893 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina in the 1893 college football season. They played seven games with a final record of 3\u20134. The team captain for the 1893 season was A. S. Bernard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029821-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Northwestern Purple football team\nThe 1893 Northwestern Purple team represented Northwestern University during the 1893 college football season. In their first and only year under head coach Paul Noyes, the Purple compiled a 2\u20135\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029822-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Notre Dame football team\nThe 1893 Notre Dame football team was an American football team that represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1893 college football season. The team had no coach, compiled a 4\u20131 record, and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 92 to 24.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029823-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Oberlin Yeomen football team\nThe 1893 Oberlin Yeomen football team represented Oberlin College during the 1893 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Everett B. Camp, the team compiled a record of 6\u20131, including victories over Ohio State, Chicago, and Illinois. The 1892 and 1893 teams combined for a 13-game winning streak that was broken on November 18, 1893, in a loss to the Case School of Applied Science.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029824-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1893 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1893 college football season. They played all their home games at Recreation Park and were coached by Jack Ryder. The Buckeyes finished the season with a 4\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029825-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1893 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1893. Incumbent Republican William McKinley defeated Democratic nominee Lawrence T. Neal with 51.86% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029826-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Ole Miss Rebels football team\nThe 1893 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1893 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029827-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Open Championship\nThe 1893 Open Championship was the 33rd Open Championship, held 31 August\u20131 September at Prestwick Golf Club in Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. William Auchterlonie won the Championship, two strokes ahead of the amateur Johnny Laidlay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029827-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Open Championship\nThe entries includes 46 professionals and 26 amateurs. The weather on the first day was very wet, rain falling heavily all day. In his first Open Championship, J.H. Taylor made an immediate impact, leading after the first round with a score of 75. Auchterlonie was next after a 78. In the afternoon Taylor has a disappointing 89. At the end of the day Auchterlonie led on 159, three ahead of John Ball, James Kay, Hugh Kirkaldy, and Robert Simpson, all on 162. Sandy Herd and Laidlay were a further stroke behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029827-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Open Championship\nAuchterlonie started his third round badly, taking six on the 1st hole and four at the short 2nd. However, he recovered well and took only 19 strokes for the final five holes to finish on 81 and a total 240. This was enough for him to retain the lead, but now by only one stroke from Herd, with Kay and Simpson only a shot further back and Laidlay three behind. Taylor disappointed again with an 86 to be 10 shots behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029827-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Open Championship\nIn the final round, Auchterlonie again took six at the 1st hole but finished with an 82 and a total of 322 to set a difficult target for his challengers. Laidlay seemed to have ruined his chances with a seven at the 3rd but he played well for the rest of round and finished just two behind Auchterlonie on 324. Herd started badly taking 15 on the first three holes. He reached the 17th needing seven on the last two holes to match Auchterlonie. His second shot to the 17th found a bunker and he eventually finished three strokes behind the winner. Auchterlonie won the gold Championship Medal valued at \u00a310 and the \u00a330 first prize. He was just 21 years old and remains the second youngest Open Championship winner after Tom Morris Jr..", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029827-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Open Championship\nIn tieing for 6th place James Kay, long-term professional at Seaton Carew Golf Club, reached his second highest position in the 22 Open Championships in which he played. He also tied for 5th in 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029828-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Orange Athletic Club football team\nThe 1893 Orange Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Orange Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1893 college football season. The AFU in 1893 consisted of three amateur football teams \u2013 the Orange Athletic Club, the New York Athletic Club from Manhattan, and the Crescent Athletic Club from Brooklyn. The Orange team played its home games at the Orange Oval in East Orange, New Jersey, compiled a 7\u20132 record (2\u20130 against AFU opponents), and won the AFU championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029829-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1893 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1893 college football season. The Quakers finished with a 12\u20133 record in their second year under head coach and College Football Hall of Fame inductee, George Washington Woodruff. Significant games included victories over Navy (34\u20130), Penn State (18\u20136), Lafayette (82\u20130), and Cornell (50\u20130), and losses to national champion Princeton (4\u20130), Yale (14\u20136), and Harvard (26\u20134). The 1893 Penn team outscored its opponents by a combined total of 484 to 62. No Penn players were honored on the 1893 College Football All-America Team, as all such honors went to players on the Princeton, Harvard and Yale teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029830-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Penn State football team\nThe 1893 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College\u2014now known as Pennsylvania State University\u2013as an independent during the 1893 college football season. The team was coached by George Hoskins. It was first team to play on Beaver Field, Penn State football's first permanent home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029831-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029831-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029831-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029831-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029832-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Pittsburgh Athletic Club football season\nThe 1893 Pittsburgh Athletic Club football season  was their third season in existence. The team finished with a record of 7\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029833-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Pittsburgh College football team\nThe 1893 Pittsburgh College football team was an American football team that represented Pittsburgh Catholic College of the Holy Ghost\u2014now known as Duquesne University\u2014during the 1893 college football season. The team finished the season with a record of 0\u20132. Father McDermott was the team's coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029834-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1893 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 12th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; their 7th in the National League. The Pirates finished second in the National League with a record of 81\u201348.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029834-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029834-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029834-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029834-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029835-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe 1893 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian Province of Prince Edward Island on 13 December 1893. This was the first general election of Prince Edward Island won by the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029836-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1893 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1893 college football season. The team finished with an 11\u20130 record and was retroactively named as the national champion by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, and National Championship Foundation. They outscored their opponents 270 to 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029836-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Princeton Tigers football team\nAs the Princeton and Yale teams prepared to meet in late November 1893, an unprecedented amount of media and public attention fell upon the big game, which was being billed as the championship game of the season. Both teams entered the game with undefeated with records of 10\u20130. Yale had outscored its opponents 336\u20136 and was riding a 37-game winning streak dating back to a loss to Harvard in 1890. Princeton had outscored its opponents by a cumulative total of 264\u201314, and was seeking to avenge its 12\u20130 loss to Yale the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029836-0001-0001", "contents": "1893 Princeton Tigers football team\nA crowd of 40,000, the largest ever to see a football game up to that time, showed up at the Polo Grounds in New York to see the two teams take the field. Three-time consensus All-American Philip King led Princeton into the game. He would later head the Princeton Football Association and help coach. King had just developed the double wingback formation with the ends deployed on the wings of the line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029836-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Princeton Tigers football team\nFrom the double wingback formation, Princeton precisely executed a complete set of plays and completely befuddled the Yale eleven, captained by College Football Hall of Famer Frank Hinkey. The New York Sun noted that \"Princeton in 1893 had the finest offensive machine it had developed up to this time \u2013 a team with continuity of attack, the ability to pile first down upon first down.\" Princeton was able to cross the goal once and held Yale scoreless, thus winning 6-0 and claiming the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029836-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Princeton Tigers football team\nHowever, the game did not pass without engendering some controversy. The New York Herald declared in a scathing commentary: \"Thanksgiving Day is no longer a solemn festival to God for mercies given. It is a holiday granted by the State and the Nation to see a game of football. The kicker now is king and the people bow down to him. The gory nosed tackler, hero of a hundred scrimmages and half as many wrecked wedges, is the idol of the hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029836-0003-0001", "contents": "1893 Princeton Tigers football team\nWith swollen face and bleeding head, daubed from crown to sole with the mud of Manhattan Field, he stands triumphant amid the cheers of thousands. What matters that the purpose of the day is perverted, that church is foregone, that family reunion is neglected, that dinner is delayed if not forgot. Has not Princeton played a mighty game with Yale and has not Princeton won? This is the modern Thanksgiving Day.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029836-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe Yale-Princeton Thanksgiving Day game of 1893 earned $13,000 for each school from gate receipts, as the big games became the primary source of revenue for the college's athletic programs. Despite the loss, Yale was retroactively named champion by Parke H. Davis, and the NCAA Division I Football Records Book lists both Princeton and Yale as national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029837-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nThe 1893 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1893 college football season. The team compiled a 5\u20132\u20131 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 334 to 144 in its first season under head coach D. M. Balliet. W. P. Finney was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029838-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Quchan earthquake\nThe 1893 Quchan earthquake occurred at about 19:30 local time (15:06 UTC) on 17 November. It had an estimated magnitude of 6.6 on the surface wave magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused severe damage in Quchan County, particularly to the town of Quchan itself and there were an estimated 18,000 casualties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029838-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Quchan earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe Kopet Dag mountain range lies at the northern edge of the complex zone of deformation caused by the continuing collision of the Arabian Plate with the Eurasian Plate. To the west it links with the Caucasus Mountains through the Caspian Sea. There is currently about 3\u00a0mm per year of shortening across the Kopet Dag as a whole. The Quchan Fault zone, trending NNW-SSE, is one of a set of active right lateral strike-slip faults that accommodate part of the shortening across the Kopet Dag and extension along its length.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 40], "content_span": [41, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029838-0001-0001", "contents": "1893 Quchan earthquake, Tectonic setting\nIt has an estimated displacement rate of about 1.5\u00a0mm per year. The damage areas of the sequence of earthquakes that affected the Quchan area between 1851 and 1895 follow the projected path of the Quchan fault and its likely continuation as a thrust fault in the Atrak valley, where it forms a surface anticline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 40], "content_span": [41, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029838-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Quchan earthquake, Earthquake\nThe shock was felt over a wide area, including all Turkmenistan and as far away as Tehran. It was preceded by a strong foreshock on 20 October. There were damaging aftershocks on both 18 and 19 November, with the latter being the most severe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029838-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Quchan earthquake, Damage\nThe city of Quchan was almost completely destroyed, with only a few houses strengthened with wooden braces following the 1871 earthquake surviving.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029838-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Quchan earthquake, Aftermath\nThe winter that followed the earthquake was unusually severe, causing many further deaths. Just over a year later, on January 17, 1895, Quchan was again devastated by an earthquake, although the death toll was lower, as very few houses of adobe construction had survived the 1893 event and new houses were generally of wooden construction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029839-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Queensland colonial election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Queensland between 18 April 1893 and 25 May 1893 to elect the members of the state's Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029839-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Queensland colonial election, Key dates\nDue to problems of distance and communications, it was not possible to hold the elections on a single day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029839-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Queensland colonial election, Key dates\nQueensland colonial election, 29 April 1893Legislative Assembly << 1888\u20131896 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029840-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1893 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 5, 1893. Incumbent Republican Daniel Russell Brown defeated Democratic nominee David S. Baker with 46.34% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029841-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Richmond Spiders football team\nThe 1893 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College\u2014now known as the University of Richmond\u2014as an independent during the 1893 college football season. Dana Rucker returned for his second year as head coach, having helmed the team in 1891. Richmond compiled a record of 3\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029842-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1893 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1893 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 0\u20134 record and were outscored by their opponents 88 to 8. The team had no coach, and its captains were Chalmers P. Van Dyke, Gabe Ludlow, and George Ludlow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029843-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 SAFA season\nThe 1893 South Australian Football Association season was the 17th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029843-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 SAFA season\nMedindie Football Club (nickname Dingoes) which joined the SAFA in 1888 on 14 March 1893, at a meeting held at Temperance Hall, North Adelaide renamed to North Adelaide Football Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029843-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 SAFA season\nThe Adelaide Football Club, the first Australian rules football club in South Australia, dropped out of the SAFA and folded at the end of 1893. It has no relation to the modern day Adelaide Crows.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029843-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 SAFA season\nThe league would stabilise from this point forward, with no clubs leaving until the Woodville and West Torrens merger in 1991; as the SANFL considers Woodville-West Torrens a continuation of both Woodville and West Torrens, the original Adelaide is the last SANFL team to fold as of 2021.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029844-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 San Diego mayoral election\nThe 1893 San Diego mayoral election was held on April 4, 1893 to elect the mayor for San Diego. William H. Carlson was elected Mayor with a plurality of the votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029844-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign\nThe 1893 election featured a field of five candidates. The Democrats, Republicans, and the People's Party each fielded one candidate. In addition to the regular parties, two independents also ran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029844-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign\nMany of the candidates had long roots in the City of San Diego prior to the election. Adolph Gassen had previously held other elected office within the City. John Kastle of the People's Party had previously served as president of the Chamber of Commerce. A.E. Cochran had been active in Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029844-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign\nIndependent candidate William H. Carlson campaigned vigorously, making numerous extravagant campaign promises, including electric car lines on every street, luxury hotels, steamship lines to every port on earth, transcontinental railroads, and jobs with high wages for all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029844-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign\nOn April 4, 1893, Carlson was elected mayor with a plurality of 46.8 percent of the vote, nearly twice as many votes as his closest competitor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029845-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 San Jose State Spartans football team\nThe 1893 San Jose State Spartans football team represented State Teachers College at San Jose during the 1893 college football season. In their second year of play, the Spartans lost in their contest against San Jose YMCA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane\nHurricane San Roque was a destructive tropical cyclone in August 1893 that principally affected Puerto Rico, eastern New England, and Atlantic Canada. Its informal name in Puerto Rico arises from the feast day of Saint Roch, or San Roque in Spanish, which coincided with the hurricane's landfall on that island. It was the third known hurricane of the 1893 Atlantic hurricane season. The system was first observed on August 13 at low latitudes east of the Lesser Antilles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0000-0001", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane\nIt grew to be a powerful, slow-moving hurricane in the Caribbean Sea, and on August 17 struck Puerto Rico at the equivalence of Category 3 on the modern-day Saffir\u2013Simpson scale. The eye crossed the island from southeast to northwest in about seven hours. A prolonged period of strong winds caused widespread destruction on the island, most notably along the northern coast. Large numbers of homes sustained varying degrees of damage, with flimsy shacks belonging to poor workers faring the worst; many families were left homeless, and four people were killed. Telegraph communications were severed across the island. In addition to the intense winds, several days of heavy rainfall in interior sectors triggered extensive river flooding. The combined effects of rain and wind destroyed fields of crops, most notably coffee and sugar cane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 864]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane\nOn August 19, the hurricane began to turn northeastward, accelerate, and gradually weaken. Although its center remained far from the United States, heavy rainfall and gale-force winds overspread the country's East Coast on August 20 and 21. Eastern New England experienced conditions akin to a particularly bad nor'easter, with winds as high as 72\u00a0mph (116\u00a0km/h) recorded on Block Island. Across Rhode Island and Massachusetts, grain crops were flattened and orchards were stripped of their fruits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0001-0001", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane\nThe racing yacht Volunteer was badly damaged, and a fishing schooner sank off Nantucket; only one of the seven crew members managed to survive, by clinging to debris for 33 hours. Later that day, the now-rapidly moving cyclone made landfall in Nova Scotia. Damage to utility wires in Halifax cut power and communications services, and a child was killed by a downed power line. The storm wrought havoc on ships and boats throughout Atlantic Canada, becoming \"one of the most notorious marine storms in the history of Nova Scotia\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0001-0002", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane\nThe greatest maritime tragedy was the wreck of the steamship Dorcas and its barge, Etta Stewart, which struck a rocky shoal while underway east of Halifax. Dorcas capsized and was driven ashore, while the barge broke up in the pounding surf. All crew members and passengers on the two vessels, totaling 24 people, were killed. Two more people died when their boat sank on Trinity Bay in Newfoundland, for a storm total of 37 fatalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Meteorological history\nBecause of scarce meteorological observations, little is known about Hurricane San Roque's early history. According to contemporaneous accounts, it most likely originated in the Intertropical Convergence Zone off the northern coast of South America. In the Atlantic hurricane database, its formation as a tropical storm is entered on August 13, corresponding with the first observation of the system, about 730\u00a0mi (1,170\u00a0km) east of Trinidad and Tobago. It crossed the Lesser Antilles island arc on August 15, passing between Dominica and Guadeloupe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0002-0001", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Meteorological history\nThe intensifying cyclone moved toward the northwest and by 18:00 UTC on August 16, it was centered very close to St. Croix. Upon receiving the first report of the storm from Saint Thomas, the U.S. Weather Bureau issued a special bulletin relaying the current position of the hurricane, forecasting its recurvature by August 21, and advising shipping interests to take necessary precautions. At 00:00 UTC on August 17, the cyclone made landfall near Patillas, Puerto Rico, as the equivalent of a Category 3 major hurricane on the modern-day Saffir\u2013Simpson scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0002-0002", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Meteorological history\nModern reanalysis efforts estimated the intensity at landfall through the severity of wind damage in Puerto Rico, which was consistent with F2 on the Fujita scale. The eye was marked by a period of stark calm as it crossed the island such that during its passage, some people believed the storm to be over. At San Juan, to the north of the center path, barometric pressure fell to 987.8\u00a0mbar (29.17\u00a0inHg). Approximately seven hours after moving ashore, the center exited Puerto Rico between Isabela and Quebradillas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Meteorological history\nOn August 18, weather stations along the Atlantic coast of the Southeastern U.S. started to register the hurricane's distant influence. It passed over or close to the Turks and Caicos Islands. While situated northeast of the Bahamas on August 19, the hurricane began its recurvature to the north and ultimately northeast. Late on August 20 and into the following day, gales and heavy rainfall overspread the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast coasts. The hurricane weakened as it gained latitude and early on August 21, it passed approximately 185\u00a0mi (300\u00a0km) east of Cape Hatteras.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0003-0001", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Meteorological history\nLater that day, the accelerating storm passed within 150\u00a0mi (240\u00a0km) of Nantucket. At 00:00 UTC on August 22, it was one of four active hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean, and the first of three to impact the U.S. East Coast in the span of eight days; Hurricane Four would strike western Long Island on August 24, and Hurricane Six ravaged the Sea Islands on August 28 before moving northward along the Eastern Seaboard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Meteorological history\nThough some modern researchers catalogued the system as a hurricane on its final approach to Nova Scotia, the official Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project found no conclusive evidence of hurricane-force winds in Canada. In the early morning hours of August 22, the storm made landfall in Nova Scotia via St. Margarets Bay, as an extratropical cyclone. Its northeasterly path placed greater Halifax in the typically intense right-front quadrant of the storm center; this would not be repeated until Hurricane Juan in 2003. After rapidly crossing Nova Scotia, the extratropical system impacted the island of Newfoundland. Its remnants continued eastward into the North Atlantic for several more days; its documented course ends on August 25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 48], "content_span": [49, 790]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact\nThe intensifying hurricane brought stormy conditions to the Lesser Antilles from Martinique to the Virgin Islands. In Saint Thomas, boats and docks were damaged, trees were blown down, and houses were unroofed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico\nFor the first time in Puerto Rico's history, warning flags were used to alert the public of the approaching hurricane. Officials in San Juan first hoisted cautionary red flags during the mid-morning on August 16, upgraded three hours later to more urgent yellow and blue signals, and finally to black flags to mark the cyclone's onslaught. By mid-afternoon the Port of San Juan was closed; although orders were given to evacuate ships from the port, the short notice and lack of available tugboats meant some vessels had to ride out the storm at anchor, exposed to the elements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0006-0001", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico\nShips at dock were required to be unloaded of their cargo. When the severity of the hurricane became clear, local officials ensured moorings were secure and orchestrated the positioning of ships to minimize risk of collisions. Bus and tram services were suspended as conditions worsened, leaving many residents unable to reach their homes for the night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico\nOn the night of August 16\u201317, winds of 55\u00a0mph (89\u00a0km/h) and 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) were recorded in San Juan and Mayag\u00fcez, respectively, before both recording anemometers were blown away. It was the long duration of the storm, rather than its intensity alone, which made it so destructive. The northern coast suffered most as the storm wrought havoc on crops, telegraph infrastructure, and buildings of varying construction quality. Poorly built shacks and huts, the residences of impoverished workers, fared the worst.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0007-0001", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico\nIn Camuy, the storm destroyed up to 20 houses, uprooted trees, and sparked two small fires; in the aftermath, the mayor appointed a special commission to facilitate the transfer of relief funds to storm victims. Many of the homeless families received donations from neighbors to help cover basic expenses. The winds unroofed many small huts near the shore of Arecibo, forcing their residents to flee for cover, and knocked down wooden and brick fences. The local telegraph station was rendered inoperative, slowing the initial spread of damage reports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0007-0002", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico\nBoth the city and outlying rural areas of Manat\u00ed incurred widespread damage, with dozens of thatch roofs blown off and some homes left uninhabitable. The basement of a colectur\u00eda, or tithe barn, was provided as temporary shelter to poor and injured storm victims. Numerous people in Hatillo were left homeless, and reports there described trees being blown far from where they once stood. Severe damage befell Vega Baja, with at least 28 houses destroyed and many banana, coconut, and other fruit trees toppled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0007-0003", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico\nEight houses were destroyed in Isabela, and one family required rescue after its home was crushed under the dislocated roof of an adjacent building. Many poor families became homeless; some were offered shelter in the homes of local government and Civil Guard officials. A church atrium in the town was destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico\nMany more peasant huts were destroyed in Bayam\u00f3n, along with the roofs of more substantial structures. All telegraph wires and poles in the community were blown down. Seven or eight houses were destroyed in Trujillo Alto. The effects proved less severe than feared in Utuado, though banana plantations suffered. In Dorado, numerous houses were damaged and six were destroyed, their residents forced to seek shelter in government buildings. The storm was not as severe in San Juan as in other towns, although destruction remained widespread. One hospital was badly damaged, with the roof over the maternity ward peeled away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0008-0001", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico\nTimbers and metal roofing tiles were blown a great distance from the structure, and patients had to be transferred to a nearby military hospital. Another hospital in the Puerta de Tierra subbarrio was also unroofed. With telegraph wires downed in all directions, San Juan initially had no contact with the rest of the island. Many gas lanterns were broken. Palm and fruit trees were uprooted throughout the city, while garden fences and awnings were blown down. Many houses, huts, businesses, and public facilities around San Juan sustained varying degrees of structural damage. Several houses in the nearby town of Cata\u00f1o were demolished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0009-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico\nHeavy rainfall lasted two to three days in some locations. San Juan recorded 2.36\u00a0in (60\u00a0mm) of precipitation. Further inland, rivers overflowed their banks with the torrential rainfall, inundating wide tracts of low-lying terrain. Among the major rivers flooded were the R\u00edo Grande de Arecibo, R\u00edo Grande de Manat\u00ed, and Santiago. Floodwaters ruined harvests of crops like rice, corn, and sugar cane. One farmer in Humacao, near the eastern coast, reported the loss of about 80 acres (32\u00a0ha) of sugar cane fields. The neighborhood of Marina in Gurabo had to be evacuated due to river flooding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0009-0001", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico\nThe mayor of the town started a donation drive for poor families. One worker on a hacienda died, and his burial was delayed until flooding in the local cemetery receded. Many railways and thoroughfares, including the road between Cata\u00f1o and Bayam\u00f3n, were made impassable by both fallen trees and deep floodwaters. With mail routes blocked and telegraph communications severed, the full extent of the destruction was slow to be revealed. On the day after the storm, workers began to clear railways and reestablish communications.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0010-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico\nSeveral ships were destroyed and others left stranded on the beach. The schooner Enriqueta broke free and crashed into a pier; the sloop Tomasito grounded out, crushing its keel; and another sloop, the Maria Artau, went ashore at Palo Seco, with all hands saved by another crew. At Arecibo, the British schooner Robbie Godfrey broke free from its moorings in port while being loaded with sugar. The ship was driven aground and destroyed, along with its cargo, but all hands were able to reach the shore with the assistance of rescue brigades. One crewman was hospitalized for an arm injury. The schooner Martiniguesi, loaded with cattle en route to Martinique, went ashore at Maunabo, with one crewman and numerous head of cattle killed. The sloop Pepito was lost at Cata\u00f1o. Sea baths along the shore were destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 862]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0011-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico\nAmong all agricultural losses, that of the year's coffee crop was most significant. Losses to the coffee harvest in Lares alone were estimated at 500,000 Puerto Rican pesos. In some localities, only crops in sheltered valleys survived. As much as 60% of the coffee harvest was lost to the storm in Comer\u00edo. The storm was locally referred to as \"San Roque\" since it began on the feast day of Saint Roch, known as San Roque in Spanish. It was among the last significant tropical cyclones to affect Puerto Rico before the island came under United States rule in 1898. Some contemporary accounts drew comparisons to the devastating San Felipe hurricane of 1876. The hurricane caused four known fatalities in Puerto Rico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0012-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, United States\nOn the far western periphery of the hurricane, parts of Florida experienced gusty winds, reaching 35\u00a0mph (56\u00a0km/h) in Key West and 38\u00a0mph (61\u00a0km/h) in Jupiter, on August 20. A closer pass by New England the following day resulted in severe nor'easter-like conditions, with winds peaking at 72\u00a0mph (116\u00a0km/h) on Block Island and 52\u00a0mph (84\u00a0km/h) on Nantucket. In Woods Hole, Massachusetts, winds up to 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h) were reported. Tropical storm-force winds extended north to Eastport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0012-0001", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, United States\nThe Hartford Courant described the hurricane \"the most severe August storm known for many years\" in Chatham; in Oak Bluffs (then called Cottage City) on Martha's Vineyard, it was \"without a precedent during the summer season\" according to The Boston Globe. The U.S. Weather Bureau had predicted bad weather for several days, and warning signals were raised along the coast 24 hours before onset. Consequently, shipping interests generally endured the storm without major losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0013-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, United States\nThroughout Cape Cod and the Islands, trees, fences, and utility wires were blown down. Apple and pear trees were stripped of their fruit, and vegetable crops suffered. Floodwaters inundated streets and cellars while the driving rain forced its way inside east-facing walls. Many roads were littered with the broken branches of large trees; some smaller trees and shrubs were uprooted entirely. Part of the Nantucket Railroad was washed out at Tom Nevers Head, and wharves on the island received minor damage. In the mid-morning on August 21, the Portland, Maine-based fishing schooner Mary Lizzie sank in heavy seas off Nantucket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0013-0001", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, United States\nSix of the seven crew members drowned. The one survivor held to floating debris for 33 hours until he was rescued by a passing steamship. The racing yacht Volunteer, winner of the 1887 America's Cup, broke free from her anchorage and was tossed onto the rocks near the entrance to Hadley's Harbor on Naushon Island, Massachusetts. Pounding seas battered the vessel, breaking up much of its deck and flooding the hull.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0013-0002", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, United States\nAfter an unsuccessful attempt by another yacht to rescue Volunteer with the storm still raging, a tugboat was able to dislodge the stricken craft and tow her to a nearby wharf. The storm disabled several ships around Martha's Vineyard, including the schooners Sarah Louise and Clara Jane, both of which were damaged, and the sloop Cassie, left stranded on the shore. Numerous other fishing vessels lost their anchors, sails, or seine fishing boats. The maritime havoc extended westward to New Jersey's Sandy Hook, where a yacht was wrecked.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0014-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, United States\nPresident Grover Cleveland sheltered in his summer home of Gray Gables  during the storm. His yacht was narrowly saved from being swept ashore. Rainfall in Boston commenced in the late evening of August 20 and continued through the following afternoon, totaling 1.65\u00a0in (42\u00a0mm); the Charles River breached its banks, flooding the Cambridgeport neighborhood of Cambridge up to 3\u00a0ft (0.9\u00a0m) deep. At Nantasket Beach in the town of Hull, immense swells drew crowds of onlookers, photographers, and artists before the surf action began damaging boardwalks and carnival game booths. Roads in Plymouth were littered with broken tree limbs, and several pleasure craft in Plymouth Harbor were blown aground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0015-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, United States\nGreat damage to grain crops also plagued the neighboring state of Rhode Island. Two sailors were rescued after their boat capsized in Newport Harbor. A fishing schooner drifted to sea with its crew aboard; it was ultimately rescued by a tug south of the Brenton Reef Light. Numerous ships rode out the storm in the shelter of Dutch Island in the West Passage of Narragansett Bay, being \"tossed like cockle shells on the swirling waters\" as described by the Fall River Daily Evening News .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0015-0001", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, United States\nOne of Ethel Swift's two anchor chains broke, resulting in a wreck on the western shore of the bay. The schooner's crew of four was safely rescued. Further up the bay, three ships were blown aground on Prudence Island. A yacht race set for August 21 around Newport was postponed because of the bad weather. Some 17 fire alarm call boxes in Charlestown, Rhode Island, were rendered inoperative, so firefighters had to patrol the town continuously through the night of August 20\u201321.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0016-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Canada\nThough in a weakened state, the cyclone battered the Atlantic provinces of Canada. Writing for Cape Breton's Magazine, Michael L. MacDonald wrote that it was \"one of the most notorious marine storms in the history of Nova Scotia\". There, the storm came to be known as the \"Second Great August Gale\", in reference to a catastrophic hurricane in August 1837. Throughout the Maritimes, dozens of large ships were stranded or destroyed. Warning signals were hoisted in Nova Scotia on the evening of August 20, and ultimately lowered near midday on August 22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0017-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Canada\nIn Halifax, rain and wind began in the early afternoon on August 21 and grew in severity through the night. The city was plunged into darkness and cut off from the outside world as electricity and communications wires fell. Severed power lines sparked small fires and posed a hazard to public safety; a young girl was electrocuted and killed by a live wire, and two more people received non-life-threatening shocks while attempting to recover her body. Parks, public gardens, and cemeteries throughout the city suffered extensive damage, with many large trees destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0017-0001", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Canada\nMany ships and boats were wrecked or blown ashore in Halifax Harbour. In one instance, after colliding with a wharf and being struck by two pontoon boats, the schooner Janie R.'s cargo of lime swelled with the influx of seawater such that the ship burst open. Trees were uprooted and chimneys toppled in Liverpool. The storm was less severe in Yarmouth, at the western end of the province, but still washed out streets and blew down trees. The winds damaged trees, fences, and some buildings in Amherst, and flattened crops in the surrounding countryside.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0017-0002", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Canada\nIn Cumberland County, the Palmerston Bridge over the upper Pugwash Harbor was badly damaged, and two barques were blown ashore at Northport. Several schooners were wrecked along the shores of Cape Breton; in Ingonish, two ships were left stranded on the shore and six fishing boats drifted out to sea. Residents of the rural community fled their homes at the height of the storm to seek shelter in nearby valleys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0018-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Canada\nLate on the night of August 21, the steamship Dorcas, with barge Etta Stewart in tow, wrecked on the notoriously hazardous reef surrounding Shut-In Island, near the entrance to Three Fathom Harbour. Both vessels were loaded with coal en route from Sydney to Halifax. It is likely that the barge took on water in the heavy seas, making it impossible to steer and causing both ships to drift inexorably toward shore in the strong southerly winds. After hitting the rocks, the steamer overturned, losing its engine, boilers, and cargo, and came to rest inverted on the beach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0018-0001", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Canada\nThe barge broke up, littering the shore with timbers. All crew-members and passengers, totaling 24 people, were killed: Dorcas carried a crew of 10, plus the chief engineer's pregnant wife and 4 children in their care, while 8 crewmen and one passenger were on Etta Stewart. All bodies but one were recovered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0018-0002", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Canada\nThe small community of Louisbourg, home to 16 of the victims and many of their families, was left reeling, and a rare government inquiry into the disaster was opened; it concluded that the wreck was beyond the control of Captain Angus Ferguson of Dorcas, who \"sacrificed his own life in his endeavour to save those on board the two vessels\". The commissioner of the inquiry acknowledged that cutting the barge free may have increased the chance of survival for the crew and passengers of Dorcas, but dismissed this as a viable option:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0019-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Canada\n\"It may be considered by some that it would have been more prudent and wise for the master of the Dorcas to have disconnected his steamer from the barge at some safe time before approaching the breakers, in order to enable his vessel to reach off shore and thus have made an effort to save the larger number of people on board the steamer at the sacrifice of the less number of people on board the barge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0019-0001", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Canada\n\"Had Captain Ferguson, however, acted in such a manner and been successful in saving the steamer with those on board, he would have forever been branded as a coward when he reached the land and laid himself open to the serious charge of deliberately and wilfully sacrificing the lives of many human beings for the sake of saving his own. To a brave man this would have been intolerable and it must be acknowledged that in acting as he did he displayed the genuine characteristics of a noble seaman, when, amidst the dangers of such a hurricane and wild sea, he met death at the post of duty.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0020-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Canada\nDespite the tragedy at Shut-In Island, the loss of life in Nova Scotia was considered low relative to the large number of shipwrecks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0021-0000", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Canada\nExtensive storm damage, including downed trees and telegraph wires, collapsed barns, and sunk vessels along the coast, was reported in parts of New Brunswick. At Point Escuminac, winds blew at 60 to 62\u00a0mph (97 to 100\u00a0km/h) for three hours and many fishing boats were blown ashore. A similar situation presented itself further north in Shippagan. The cyclone severed communications between Prince Edward Island and the mainland, and inflicted widespread damage upon the province. Streets in the capital city of Charlottetown were strewn with downed tree limbs; in rural sectors, barns were destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029846-0021-0001", "contents": "1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Canada\nA stretch of breakwater in Souris was washed out. Fishing boats in Tignish were shattered. In Perc\u00e9, on the eastern tip of Quebec's Gasp\u00e9 Peninsula, 14 fishing vessels were destroyed. The extratropical remnants of the cyclone continued to produce strong winds over Newfoundland, ruining crops and damaging homes that were under construction. The sinking of a boat in Trinity Bay resulted in the drowning deaths of two men, including member of the General Assembly of Newfoundland, David C. Webber. St. John's reported powerful winds that toppled trees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029847-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Sea Islands hurricane\nThe 1893 Sea Islands hurricane was a deadly major hurricane that struck the Sea Islands which was near Savannah, Georgia on August 27, 1893. It was the 7th deadliest hurricane in the United States history, and was one of the three deadly hurricanes during the 1893 Atlantic hurricane season; the storm killed an estimated 1,000\u20132,000 people, mostly from storm surge. This is also the storm that made United States Life-Saving Service Keeper Dunbar Davis famous, by rescuing 4 ships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029847-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Sea Islands hurricane, Meteorological history\nModern analysis of historical records has allowed the history of this storm to be pieced together, although the analysis is only an estimate since few accurate meteorological records were taken.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029847-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Sea Islands hurricane, Meteorological history\nOn August 15, 1893, a tropical storm formed east of Cape Verde. It likely passed directly through the islands on the 16th, leaving their vicinity during the evening of the 17th. It became a hurricane on the 19th, while crossing the Atlantic between the Cape Verde Islands and the Lesser Antilles. The hurricane continued to strengthen, attaining Category\u00a03 status on August 22 while located northeast of the Lesser Antilles. By the evening of the 25th, the storm was approaching the Bahamas. During the approach it began to deviate from its westerly course and arc west-northwest. It is believed that the first effects of the storm were beginning to be felt in the Sea Islands area, with the winds steadily increasing during the night of the 25th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 798]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029847-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Sea Islands hurricane, Meteorological history\nSome of the inhabitants anticipated the storm and left the islands as quickly as possible. The conditions soon rapidly deteriorated on the island and the hurricane passed over sometime on the 26th. By now the hurricane was turning more and more towards the north. It moved parallel to the coast for about one hundred miles before making landfall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029847-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Sea Islands hurricane, Meteorological history\nLandfall occurred near Savannah, Georgia, on August 27. Reports from the time say that wind during landfall was around 120\u00a0mph (190\u00a0km/h), making it a category 3 storm. Pressure in Savannah was measured at 960\u00a0mbar (28\u00a0inHg); modern estimates put the pressure around 954\u00a0mbar (28.2\u00a0inHg) at landfall, and possibly as low as 931\u00a0mbar (27.5\u00a0inHg) out at sea. This would have made the hurricane most likely stronger than a Category\u00a03 storm on the Saffir\u2013Simpson Hurricane Scale. The hurricane passed north over South Carolina on August 28 and moved up the U.S. East Coast before becoming extratropical over Atlantic Canada. The storm likely intensified to a Category 4, or 5, but there are no reports of this occurring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 767]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029847-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Sea Islands hurricane, Impact\nThe hurricane carried with it a heavy storm surge (16\u00a0ft or 4.9\u00a0m, according to Clara Barton, although the modern NOAA SLOSH model calculates that some areas may have been inundated up to 30 feet), which caused great destruction along the coastline and offshore Sea Islands in Georgia and South Carolina. An estimated 1,000 to 2,000 people were killed (mostly by drowning), putting it on-par with 2005's Hurricane Katrina as the sixth-deadliest hurricane in US history. St. Helena was estimated to have 6,000 African-Americans living there while 2,000 were women. The majority of the African-Americans owned land there and some rented. A lot of structures in that area were not elevated higher than 2 feet; therefore, they were covered by the first waves that went above the normal water mark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029847-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 Sea Islands hurricane, Impact\nAlthough the hurricane was devastating, the American Red Cross did not arrive until October 1, possibly because of ongoing efforts following another hurricane that hit South Carolina in June. After the Red Cross arrived, a warehouse of clothing and food was started at Beaufort, South Carolina, to provide services to the affected. Relief efforts were impeded by a second Category 3 hurricane that struck just north of the area, near Charleston, South Carolina, on October 13. During a massive 10-month relief campaign, success was declared, with the Sea Islands population living in decent houses producing their own food again. Damages from the storm totaled to at least $1\u00a0million (1893\u00a0USD), equivalent to $29\u00a0million in 2020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029847-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 Sea Islands hurricane, Impact\nDamage was reported as far north as Maine. Some areas, particularly New York City and Long Island, were already reeling from what later came to be known as the 1893 New York hurricane that had struck the region just days before, on August 24, and were damaged anew by this storm. \"Immense\" damage was reported to shade trees and telegraph and telephone wires in Washington. In Annapolis, Maryland \"hardly a tree was left standing\" and Baltimore reported the worst flooding since 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029847-0007-0001", "contents": "1893 Sea Islands hurricane, Impact\nIn New Jersey, damage was \"heavy\" in the New Brunswick area, and many trees were downed and roofs were blown off in Trenton. Damage was heavy all along the New Jersey coast and breakers were described as the biggest ever witnessed. Railroad tracks were under four feet of water between Bay Head and Berkley. In New York, several lives were lost in The Rockaways, and a number of people were killed at points along the Hudson River when tow boats were destroyed. Crops were heavily damaged in Pennsylvania and upstate New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029847-0007-0002", "contents": "1893 Sea Islands hurricane, Impact\nBoats were wrecked and sunk in the Dunkirk area. In Brooklyn, where 13 houses under construction were destroyed, damage was \"severe\" and Gravesend Bay was \"littered with the wrecks of small yachts and boats.\" In Coney Island, roofs were lifted off big buildings and carried for blocks. Waves topped the seawall by 15 feet at Battery Park. Damage was heavy at resorts on Long Island and it was the worst storm on the New England coast in 20 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029848-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Sewanee Tigers football team\nThe 1893 Sewanee Tigers football team represented the Sewanee Tigers of Sewanee: The University of the South in the 1893 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029849-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Shamrock\nThe 1893 Shamrock, built by the Mimna Brothers, is Canada's second oldest registered car and first internal combustion engine. The oldest car in Canada is the 1867 Henry Seth Taylor Steam Buggy built in Stanstead, Quebec.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029849-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Shamrock, History\nWilliam Mimna and his brother Charles were stonemasons who lived in the small town of Wardsville, located on the Thames River, north of Chatham, Ontario. The brothers began a quest to build their own automobile in 1893. William worked on the car in Wardsville, Ontario for many years on his own without much help from anyone else. In 1904 he finally finished his vehicle, and some speculation has been put into the year the vehicle should be placed in. However one Wardsville resident remembers the vehicle in its early years back in 1893, and thus the vehicle has been dated to that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 22], "content_span": [23, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029849-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Shamrock, History\nThe making of the car was originally inspired by steam locomotives, however William decided that gas-powered engines was going to rule the day in transportation so this is what he built. The car ran on one cylinder, put together from whatever parts the two brothers could find in Montreal, Hamilton, Toronto and Detroit, Michigan. Instead of a transmission the Shamrock had a system of belts and clutches helping it to run. The vehicle was named Shamrock the First, and without being aware of it the Mimna Brothers became a part of Canadian history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 22], "content_span": [23, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029849-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Shamrock, Problems and competition from Henry Ford\nCanada's first registered car and first internal combustion engine vehicle was not exactly successful however. The vehicle was unable to climb hills with its homemade engine, so the brothers decided to replace their engine with a French one, in hopes that it would have more power and be more efficient. However this did not help as the vehicle still would not climb hills or exceed 10 miles per hour, on level ground. In 1910, six years after completing the car, the brothers made some improvements by adding pneumatic tires and a steering wheel. By this time however Henry Ford was already mass-producing his own vehicle in Detroit. In 1893 Ford was promoted at the Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit to Chief Engineer giving him the time and money to devote his time to the creation and mass manufacturing of the automobile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 55], "content_span": [56, 887]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029849-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Shamrock, Problems and competition from Henry Ford\nIn 1914, the brothers had a renewed interest in the vehicle and built Shamrock the Second, from stock parts from other cars. This car was built exactly the same as the First but was faster. This speed was not such a positive thing however, especially with the lack of a proper braking system. William hit a cow in his hometown, and the car was thus totalled and never salvaged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 55], "content_span": [56, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029849-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Shamrock, Problems and competition from Henry Ford\nToday Shamrock the First rests at the Canadian Transportation Museum and Heritage Village, where it still runs. This museum is located in Kingsville, Ontario, just outside the Detroit-Windsor border, and is home to over 60 vehicles, covering all forms of Canadian automotive history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 55], "content_span": [56, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029850-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Singapore Amateur Football Association Challenge Cup\n1893 Singapore Amateur Football Association Challenge Cup was the Second season of the Amateur Challenge Cup, the predecessor of the Singapore Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029850-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Singapore Amateur Football Association Challenge Cup\nThe defending holders, Singapore Engineers were beaten 1\u20130 in the first round by Singapore Cricket Club., the latter making it to the finals, where they were beaten by the Royal Engineers by the same result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029851-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 South Australian colonial election\nElections were held in the colony of South Australia from 15 April to 6 May 1893. All 54 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029851-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 South Australian colonial election\nThe incumbent conservative government led by Premier of South Australia John Downer was defeated by the liberal opposition led by Charles Kingston, with the support of the United Labor Party (ULP) led by John McPherson who formed an informal coalition. Each district elected multiple members, with voters casting multiple votes. This was the first election in which parties and increasingly solid groupings were formed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029851-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 South Australian colonial election, Background\nA United Trades and Labor Council meeting with the purpose of creating an elections committee was convened on 12 December 1890, and held on 7 January 1891. The elections committee was formed, officially named the United Labor Party of South Australia with McPherson the founding secretary. Later that year, the ULP enjoyed immediate success, electing David Charleston, Robert Guthrie and Andrew Kirkpatrick to the South Australian Legislative Council. A week later, Richard Hooper won the 1891 Wallaroo by-election as an Independent Labor member in the South Australian House of Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029851-0002-0001", "contents": "1893 South Australian colonial election, Background\nMcPherson won the 1892 East Adelaide by-election on 23 January, becoming the first official Labor leader and member of the House of Assembly. At the 1893 election, ten Labor candidates including McPherson and Hooper were elected to the 54-member House of Assembly which gave the ULP the balance of power. So successful, a decade later at the 1905 election, Thomas Price would form the world's first stable Labor government. John Verran led Labor to form the state's first of many majority governments at the 1910 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029851-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 South Australian colonial election, Background\nIn response to the ULP, the second party in South Australia formed \u2212 the National Defence League (NDL), created by the conservative forces in the colony, and this sharpened the existing conflict with the more 'radical groups'. It also reflected a trend for the conservative members to gravitate to the NDL, and the progressive members to support Kingston, a strong advocate of progressive social policy and reform of the Legislative Council. One issue which was increasingly dividing the Kingston liberal group and the NDL was the restrictive franchise for the Legislative Council. By the 1893 election, both the ULP and NDL had built up impressive electoral organisations. There was no \"Liberal\" or \"Kingston\" party, but there was a relatively cohesive Kingston group among both independent members and candidates. The Liberal and Democratic Union would not be formed until the 1906 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 945]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029852-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 South Sydney colonial by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of South Sydney on 13 February 1893 because of the resignation of James Toohey (Protectionist), in protest at the failure of the Protectionist Dibbs government to implement principles of protection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029853-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Spanish general election\nThe 1893 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 5 March and on Sunday, 19 March 1893, to elect the 6th Restoration Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 401 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029853-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Spanish general election, Overview, Background\nThe Spanish Constitution of 1876 enshrined Spain as a constitutional monarchy, awarding the King power to name senators and to revoke laws, as well as the title of commander-in-chief of the army. The King would also play a key role in the system of El Turno Pac\u00edfico (the Peaceful Turn) by appointing and toppling governments and allowing the opposition to take power. Under this system, the Conservative and Liberal parties alternated in power by means of election rigging, which they achieved through the encasillado, using the links between the Ministry of Governance, the provincial civil governors, and the local bosses (caciques) to ensure victory and exclude minor parties from the power sharing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029853-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nThe Spanish Cortes were envisaged as \"co-legislative bodies\", based on a nearly perfect bicameralism. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate had legislative, control and budgetary functions, sharing equal powers except for laws on contributions or public credit, where the Congress had preeminence. Voting for the Cortes was on the basis of universal manhood suffrage, which comprised all national males over twenty-five, having at least a two-year residency in a municipality and in full enjoyment of their civil rights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029853-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nFor the Congress of Deputies, 88 seats were elected using a partial block voting in 26 multi-member constituencies, with the remaining 313 being elected under a one-round first-past-the-post system in single-member districts. Candidates winning a plurality in each constituency were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029853-0003-0001", "contents": "1893 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nIn constituencies electing eight seats or more, electors could vote for no more than three candidates less than the number of seats to be allocated; in those with more than four seats and up to eight, for no more than two less; in those with more than one seat and up to four, for no more than one less; and for one candidate in single-member districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029853-0003-0002", "contents": "1893 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nThe Congress was entitled to one member per each 50,000 inhabitants, with each multi-member constituency being allocated a fixed number of seats: 8 for Madrid, 5 for Barcelona and Palma, 4 for Seville and 3 for Alicante, Almer\u00eda, Badajoz, Burgos, C\u00e1diz, Cartagena, C\u00f3rdoba, Granada, Ja\u00e9n, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coru\u00f1a, Lugo, M\u00e1laga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza. The law also provided for by-elections to fill seats vacated throughout the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029853-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nFor the Senate, 180 seats were indirectly elected, with electors voting for delegates instead of senators. Elected delegates\u2014equivalent in number to one-sixth of the councillors in each municipal corporation\u2014would then vote for senators using a write-in, two-round majority voting system. The provinces of \u00c1lava, Albacete, \u00c1vila, Biscay, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Guip\u00fazcoa, Huelva, Logro\u00f1o, Matanzas, Palencia, Pinar del R\u00edo, Puerto Pr\u00edncipe, Santa Clara, Santander, Santiago de Cuba, Segovia, Soria, Teruel, Valladolid and Zamora were allocated two seats each, whereas each of the remaining provinces was allocated three seats, for a total of 147.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029853-0004-0001", "contents": "1893 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nThe remaining 33 were allocated to a number of institutions, electing one seat each\u2014the Archdioceses of Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Cuba, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; the Royal Spanish Academy; the Royal Academies of History, Fine Arts, Sciences, Moral and Political Sciences and Medicine; the Universities of Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Havana, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; and the Economic Societies of Friends of the Country from Madrid, Barcelona, Cuba\u2013Puerto Rico, Le\u00f3n, Seville and Valencia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029853-0004-0002", "contents": "1893 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system\nAn additional 180 seats comprised senators in their own right\u2014the Monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age; Grandees of Spain of the first class; Captain Generals of the Army and the Navy Admiral; the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops; as well as other high-ranking state figures\u2014and senators for life (who were appointed by the Monarch).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029853-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Spanish general election, Overview, Election date\nThe term of each House of the Cortes\u2014the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate\u2014expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The Monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both Houses at any given time\u2014either jointly or separately\u2014and call a snap election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029854-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1893 St. Louis Browns season was the team's 12th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 2nd season in the National League. The Browns went 57\u201375 during the season and finished 10th in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029854-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 St. Louis Browns season\nThis was the Browns' first season playing in New Sportsman's Park where they would remain until 1920.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029854-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029854-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029854-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029854-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029854-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029855-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Stanford football team\nThe 1893 Stanford football team represented Stanford University in the 1893 college football season. Led by C. D. Bliss, Stanford was undefeated, with one tie against rival California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029855-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Stanford football team, Season summary\nThe previous season, Stanford was coached by Walter Camp, who had agreed to coach the team on the condition that he complete coaching Yale's football season first. For the 1893 season, Camp returned to the East Coast and Stanford hired C. D. \"Pop\" Bliss, who had played halfback for Camp's team at Yale and had just graduated. Led by Bliss, Stanford dominated its opponents, outscoring them 284\u201317 with seven shutouts and only one blemish: a tie with rival California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029855-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Stanford football team, Season summary\nThis was Bliss's only season at Stanford; Camp returned to Stanford the next season and Bliss moved on to coach Haverford College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029856-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Stanley Cup championship\nThe Stanley Cup, then named the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, was first awarded in 1893 to the Montreal Hockey Club of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada (AHAC) at the end of the 1893 AHAC season for having placed first in the standings with a 7\u20131\u20130 record. The season ended on March 17, but Montreal was officially presented with the trophy on May 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029856-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Stanley Cup championship, Refusal of the Stanley Cup\nThe Montreal Hockey Club was affiliated with the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association. In April 1893, the Stanley Cup was ready for presentation for its first winners. The cup's trustees, P. D. Ross and John Sweetland, made preparations to present the Cup to the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association (MAAA) on May 15, 1893, at the association's general meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029856-0001-0001", "contents": "1893 Stanley Cup championship, Refusal of the Stanley Cup\nHowever, behind the scenes, the members of the Montreal Hockey Club (MHC), told the MAAA board of directors not to accept the trophy as they wished to receive the trophy themselves and to wait until Club representatives \"had an opportunity of learning the conditions upon which the said trophy was to be held.\" MAAA president James A. Taylor refused both demands and the MAAA board of directors met and agreed to accept the trophy at the annual meeting. The Cup was presented to MAAA president Taylor, instead of MHC president James Stewart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029856-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Stanley Cup championship, Refusal of the Stanley Cup\nThe Cup remained in the possession of the MAAA. At the same annual meeting that the MAAA had accepted the Cup, MHC president Tom Paton was named president of the MAAA. Paton raised the matter of the refusal in November to the MAAA, and a MAAA sub-committee met with the MHC. According to the committee, the Club felt slighted that it had been communicated with directly by the Cup trustees and would not accept the trophy unless all differences between the MHC and the MAAA were resolved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029856-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Stanley Cup championship, Refusal of the Stanley Cup\nAt that time, the MHC made a request for a loan of $175 to cover season start-up expenses. The MAAA refused the loan, apparently the first time that the MAAA had refused the MHC any request. The MAAA decided to ask the Stanley Cup trustees for advice, and before they did, the MHC wrote to the trustees, stating that the Club had not received the trophy and \"would like to know when to apply for same.\" Cup trustee Ross replied that they were willing to receive any advice \"to aid in the proper execution of Lord Stanley's wish to present this Cup to the champions of the Dominion.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029856-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Stanley Cup championship, Refusal of the Stanley Cup\nThe Cup transfer was settled in February 1894 when Ross travelled to Montreal to attend the AHAC meetings and attend a hockey game with his brother Jim Ross, who was a MAAA board member. Ross met with MHC president Stewart as well. After the meetings, letters from Sweetland and Ross were sent to both the MAAA and to the MHC. Sweetland and Ross asked that the MAAA \"are hereby requested and authorized to deliver the Stanley hockey challenge cup, which they have kindly had in their care, to the order of Mr. J. A. Stewart, president of the Montreal Hockey Club.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029856-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Stanley Cup championship, Refusal of the Stanley Cup\nThe club received the trophy between March 5 and March 15, 1894. But the matter did not end there. On March 22, MHC defeated Ottawa to retain the trophy. The Club, per the Cup conditions, arranged to have its name engraved on the Cup. The engraving was simply \"Montreal 1894\", omitting the MAAA of the 1893 engraving.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029856-0005-0001", "contents": "1893 Stanley Cup championship, Refusal of the Stanley Cup\nWhen the MHC secretary asked the MAAA if the Club's annual report was needed for the MAAA annual report, the MAAA board said it was not, as it was understood that the Club did not want to be connected in any way with the Association. The MAAA board attempted to effect a compromise whereby the Club would become a \"department\" of the Association but this was defeated. The Club instead decided to become an \"affiliate\" of the MAAA on its own terms. The MAAA refused the application to affiliate the Club, as all members of the Club were already MAAA members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029856-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 Stanley Cup championship, Stanley Cup Centennial\nThe 100th anniversary of the Stanley Cup was celebrated during the 1992\u201393 NHL season. Each player wore a patch on their jersey throughout the season, depicted an unnamed player wearing a jersey with the NHL shield and hosting the Stanley Cup. The 1993 Stanley Cup Finals logo included the words \"Stanley Cup Centennial\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029857-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 State of the Union Address\nThe 1893 State of the Union Address was written on Monday, December 4, 1893, by Grover Cleveland, the 24th United States president, to both houses of the 53rd United States Congress. It was his fifth address, and his fifth year in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029857-0000-0001", "contents": "1893 State of the Union Address\nHe said, \"It is believed that under the recent amendment of the act extending the time for registration the Chinese laborers thereto entitled who desire to reside in this country will now avail themselves of the renewed privilege thus afforded of establishing by lawful procedure their right to remain, and that thereby the necessity of enforced deportation may to a great degree be avoided.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029857-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 State of the Union Address, Perpetual government\n\"Beneath all the vagaries and sublimated theories which are attracted to it there underlies this reform a sturdy common-sense principle not only suited to this mundane sphere, but whose application our people are more and more recognizing to be absolutely essential to the most successful operation of their Government, if not to its perpetuity.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029857-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 State of the Union Address, Conclusion\n\"In conclusion my intense feeling of responsibility impels me to invoke for the manifold interests of a generous and confiding people the most scrupulous care and to pledge my willing support to every legislative effort for the advancement of the greatness and prosperity of our beloved country. \"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029858-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Swarthmore Quakers football team\nThe 1893 Swarthmore Quakers football team was an American football team that represented Swarthmore College as an independent during the 1893 college football season. The team compiled a 6\u20132\u20131 record and outscored opponents by a total of 222 to 70. Jacob K. Shell was the head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029859-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Swedish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sweden in September 1893. Protectionist candidates received a plurality of the vote. Erik Gustaf Bostr\u00f6m remained Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029859-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Swedish general election, Campaign\nThe Liberals and the Swedish Social Democratic Party ran joint lists in some constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029859-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Swedish general election, Results\nOnly 23.7% of the male population aged over 21 was eligible to vote. Voter turnout was 42.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029860-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Swiss animal protection referendum\nA referendum on animal protection was held in Switzerland on 20 August 1893. Voters were asked whether they approved of prohibiting butchering without the animals being anaesthetised. The proposal was approved by 60.1% of voters and a narrow majority of cantons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029860-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Swiss animal protection referendum, Background\nThe referendum was a popular initiative, forced by the collection of 100,000 signatures. As it involved changing the constitution, a double majority of both votes and cantons was required for the proposal to pass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029861-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Swiss federal election\nFederal elections were held in Switzerland on 29 October 1893. The Radical Left narrowly retained its majority in the National Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029861-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Swiss federal election, Electoral system\nThe 147 members of the National Council were elected in 52 single- and multi-member constituencies using a three-round system. Candidates had to receive a majority in the first or second round to be elected; if it went to a third round, only a plurality was required. Voters could cast as many votes as there were seats in their constituency. There was one seat for every 20,000 citizens, with seats allocated to cantons in proportion to their population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029861-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Swiss federal election, Results, National Council, Summary\nVoter turnout was highest in Schaffhausen (where voting was compulsory) at 91.5% and lowest in Zug at 17.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029862-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1893 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University during the 1893 college football season. The team captain was George H. Bond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029863-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1893 Tennessee Volunteers football team represented the University of Tennessee in the 1893 season. The 1893 season was Tennessee's third season as a varsity squad. The 1893 varsity team was to be the last until 1896 because the university \"wanted to put emphasis on academics.\" The Vols went 2\u20135, losing the first five games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029864-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Texas Longhorns football team\nThe 1893 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 1893 college football season. In Texas' first year of playing college football they went undefeated pulling off an upset over a Dallas football club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029865-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Thames by-election\nThe Thames by-election of 1893 was a by-election held during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the electorate of Thames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029865-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Thames by-election, Background\nThe by-election was caused after the resignation of Liberal Party MP Alfred Cadman. The Liberals selected the incumbent Mayor of Thames, James McGowan as their candidate for Cadman's seat. After a large public gathering, it was decided not to run another candidate against McGowan in light of a general election being only months away, resulting in McGowan being elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029866-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Transvaal presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Transvaal in 1893. The result was a victory for Paul Kruger, although there were concerns that agents of Kruger had manipulated the electoral roll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029867-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Trinity Blue and White football team\nThe 1893 Trinity Blue and White football team was an American football team that represented Trinity College (later renamed Duke University) as an independent during the 1893 college football season. The team compiled a 3\u20131 record. The team had no coach; Alphonso Avery, Jr. was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029868-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Tulane Olive and Blue football team\nThe 1893 Tulane Olive and Blue football team represented Tulane University during the 1893 college football season and was the first team at Tulane to play intercollegiate games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029869-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nList of champions of the 1893 U.S. National Championships tennis tournament (now known as the US Open). The men's singles competition was held from 22 August to 28 August on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. The men's doubles event was played at the St. George Cricket Club in Chicago from July 25 through July 29. The women's singles and doubles events, as well as the mixed doubles, were held from 20 June to 23 June on the outdoor grass courts at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Philadelphia, PA. It was the 13th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029869-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nClarence Hobart /  Fred Hovey defeated  Oliver Campbell /  Bob Huntington 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 4\u20136, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029869-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nAline Terry /  Harriet Butler defeated  Augusta Schultz /  Ms Stone 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029869-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\nEllen Roosevelt /  Clarence Hobart defeated  Ethel Bankson /  Robert Willson Jr. 6\u20131, 4\u20136, 10\u20138, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029870-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nRobert Wrenn defeated Fred Hovey 6\u20134, 3\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20134, in the All Comers final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1893 U.S. National Championships. Last year's champion Oliver Campbell did not defend his title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029871-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nAline Terry won the singles tennis title by defeating Augusta Schultz 6\u20131, 6\u20133 in the final of the All Comers' tournament of the 1893 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship. Reigning champion Mabel Cahill did not participate and could therefore not defend her title in the challenge round. The tournament was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Wissahickon Heights, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia from June 20 through June 23, 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029872-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 USC Methodists football team\nThe 1893 USC Methodists football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southern California during the 1893 college football season. The team competed as an independent without a head coach, compiling a 3\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029873-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 United States House of Representatives elections\nThere were seven elections in 1893 for United States House of Representatives in the 53rd United States Congress. There were no special elections that year for the 52nd United States Congress, which ended March 3, 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029874-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nThe 1893 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held during January 1893. Republican incumbent Henry L. Dawes chose not to seek a fourth term in office, and was replaced by Republican Congressman Henry Cabot Lodge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029874-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nAt the time, Massachusetts elected United States senators by a majority vote of the combined houses of the Massachusetts General Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029874-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background\nIn the 1892 state elections, Republicans won 186 of 280 seats in the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029874-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Nominating caucuses, Republican\nThe primary candidates for the nomination were Congressmen Henry Cabot Lodge and William W. Crapo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 84], "content_span": [85, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029874-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Nominating caucuses, Republican\nOn January 4, Republican legislators from both houses met to caucus and determine their nominee. Crapo supporters, led by State Senator William Morgan Butler, attempted to delay the caucus until January 12 but were unsuccessful. A motion to adjourn lost, with 124 votes against to 40 votes in favor. The caucus proceeded to a final ballot, with 94 votes needed for nomination. Lodge won easily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 84], "content_span": [85, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029875-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in New York\nThe 1893 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 17, 1893, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 1) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029875-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nRepublican Frank Hiscock had been elected to this seat in 1887, and his term would expire on March 3, 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029875-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in New York, Background\nAt the controversial State election in November 1891, 17 Democrats,  14 Republicans and 1 Independent were elected for a two-year term (1892-1893) in the State Senate. This was the only time a Democratic majority was seated in the State Senate between 1874 and 1910. At the State election in November 1892, 74 Democrats and 54 Republicans were elected for the session of 1893 to the Assembly. The 116th New York State Legislature met from January 3 to April 20, 1893, at Albany, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029875-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Democratic caucus\nThe Democratic caucus met on January 10. 90 State legislators attended, only Assemblyman John Cooney, of Brooklyn, was absent due to illness. State Senator Amasa J. Parker, Jr. presided. Edward Murphy, Jr., a wealthy brewer of Troy, and Chairman of the Democratic State Committee, was nominated by a large majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029875-0003-0001", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Democratic caucus\nThe New York Times had suggested earlier to nominate Carl Schurz, a former Republican U.S. Senator from Missouri and U.S. Secretary of the Interior, who lived now in New York City,  but the political machines of upstate boss David B. Hill and Tammany Hall chose a loyal party machine man rather than an Ex-Republican advocate of civil service reform. Even President-elect Grover Cleveland had voiced his disapproval of Murphy, to no avail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029875-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus\nThe Republican caucus met on January 11. State Senator Thomas Hunter presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Frank Hiscock by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029875-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in New York, Result\nEdward Murphy, Jr., was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected. State Senator James T. Edwards (32nd D.), of Randolph, voted for the defeated Republican vice presidential candidate of 1892, Whitelaw Reid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029875-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in New York, Result\nNote: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029875-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in New York, Aftermath\nWhen Murphy took his seat, for the first time since 1849 New York was represented by two Democrats in the U.S. Senate. Murphy served a single term, remaining in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1899. In January 1899, Murphy was defeated for re-election by Republican Chauncey M. Depew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029876-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1893 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on January 17, 1893. Incumbent Matthew Quay was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029876-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results\nThe Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 17, 1893, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1893. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 59], "content_span": [60, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029877-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1893, in five states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029877-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 United States gubernatorial elections\nVirginia holds its gubernatorial elections in odd numbered years, every 4 years, following the United States presidential election year. Massachusetts and Rhode Island at this time held gubernatorial elections every year, which they would abandon in 1920 and 1912, respectively. Iowa and Ohio at this time held gubernatorial elections in every odd numbered year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029878-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 VAMC football team\nThe 1893 VAMC football team represented Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in the 1893 college football season. The team was led by their head coach E. A. Smyth and finished with a record of zero wins and two losses (0\u20132).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029878-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 VAMC football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1893 football team according to the roster published in the 1903 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook. The roster is also found in the Virginia Tech University Archives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029878-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 VAMC football team, Season summary, Emory and Henry\nOn October 21, 1893, VAMC played football against Emory and Henry College in Emory, Virginia. VAMC lost 0\u20136 due to captain H. B. Wills \"making a mistake of trying for a sensational field goal when we were gaining ten and twenty yards at every down and were within a few yards of the goal.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029878-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 VAMC football team, Season summary, Randolph\u2013Macon Academy\nThe second and final game of the season was against Randolph-Macon Academy in Bedford, Virginia on November 18, 1893. VAMC lost 6\u201334. However, two newspaper articles from the time list the score as 6\u201338, and 6\u201335.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029879-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 VFA season\nThe 1893 Victorian Football Association season was the 17th season of the Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029879-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 VFA season\nThe premiership was won by the Essendon Football Club, which was unbeaten during the season; Essendon finished with a record of 18 wins and 2 draws from 20 matches. It was Essendon's third consecutive premiership, out of a sequence of four consecutive premierships won from 1891 to 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029879-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 VFA season, Association membership\nThe playing membership of the Association was unchanged from 1892. On the administrative side, the representation of the three Ballarat-based clubs \u2013 Ballarat, Ballarat Imperial and South Ballarat \u2013 was diminished, with each club now represented by only one delegate on the Board of Management instead of the two delegates to which each other club was entitled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029879-0002-0001", "contents": "1893 VFA season, Association membership\nEfforts to reduce Ballarat representation had been occurring since as early as 1891, as Ballarat's control of almost 20% of Association delegates was seen to give excessive voting power to a city which played fewer games than and did not compete in the premiership with the metropolitan teams. The Ballarat-based clubs remained affiliated to the Association with lesser representation, but also started up their own body, the Ballarat Football Association, this same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029879-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 VFA season, Ladder\nTeams did not play a uniform number of premiership matches during the season. As such, in the final standings, each team's premiership points were adjusted upwards proportionally to represent a 21-match season \u2013 e.g., Essendon played 20 matches, so its tally of premiership points was increased by a factor of 21/20. After this adjustment, there was no formal process for breaking a tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029880-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 VMI Keydets football team\nThe 1893 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in their third season of organized football. VMI went 3-1, suffering their first loss in the short team history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029881-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1893 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1893 college football season. The team's head coach and team captain was W. J. Keller, who only coached one season in that capacity at Vanderbilt. The season started 2\u20131 and finished with a four-game winning streak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029882-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Virginia Cavaliers baseball team\nThe 1893 Virginia Cavaliers baseball team represented the Virginia Cavaliers of the University of Virginia in the 1893 college baseball season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029882-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Virginia Cavaliers baseball team\nThe Cavaliers advanced to the first national championship event for college baseball, held at the Chicago World's Fair and pitting top teams from the East, South, and West. Virginia defeated three other schools for the opportunity to face the top teams from New England. They finished third in that event, but were widely considered the second-best team in the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029883-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1893 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia in the 1893 college football season. Led by first-year coach Johnny Poe, the team went 8\u20132 and claims a Southern championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029884-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1893 Virginia gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1893 to elect the governor of Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029885-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Wake Forest Baptists football team\nThe 1893 Wake Forest Baptists football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest College during the 1893 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029886-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Wanganui by-election\nThe Wanganui by-election of 1893 was a by-election held on 9 June 1893 during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the central North Island seat of Wanganui.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029886-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Wanganui by-election\nThe election was held due to death of sitting Member, Prime Minister John Ballance. The contest for his former seat was won by his longtime friend and business partner Archibald Willis, who received support from the constituents by keeping the \"Ballance tradition\" alive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029887-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Washington & Jefferson football team\nThe 1893 Washington & Jefferson football team was an American football team that represented Washington & Jefferson College as an independent during the 1893 college football season. Led by Joseph Hamilton in his first and only year as head coach, the team compiled a record of 5\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029888-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Washington Senators season\nThe 1893 Washington Senators baseball team finished the season with a 40\u201389 record, last place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029888-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029888-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029888-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029888-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029888-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029889-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Washington football team\nThe 1893 Washington football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1893 college football season. In its second season under W. B. Goodwin, the Washington team compiled a 1\u20133\u20131 record and was outscored by its opponents by a combined total of 86 to 18. D. A. Ford was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029890-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 West Virginia Mountaineers football team\nThe 1893 West Virginia Mountaineers football team represented West Virginia University in the 1893 college football season. Led by F. William Rane in his first year, the Mountaineers finished the season with a record of two wins and one loss (2\u20131).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029891-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Western Maryland Green Terror football team\nThe 1893 Western Maryland Green Terror football team was an American football team that represented Western Maryland College (now known as McDaniel College) as an independent during the 1893 college football season. It was the third season in school history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team\nThe 1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team was an American football team that represented the Western University of Pennsylvania (now known as the University of Pittsburgh) as an independent during the 1893 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap\nThe 1893 Western University of Pennsylvania (WUP) football team started the season with a seven game schedule arranged by manager Robert C. Brown. This was the first year the WUP contingent had a coach. Anson Harrold, a tackle on the Franklin & Marshall and later the Princeton football eleven, took on the assignment. Joe Trees was appointed captain. In its first and only season under head coach Anson Harrold, the team compiled a 1\u20134 record and was outscored by a total of 70 to 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 67], "content_span": [68, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap\nAccording to Edwin V. D. Johnston (Mechanical Engineering, 1897) in a February 16,1921 Pitt Weekly article: \"The 1893 team was managed by R. C. Brown and was considered very good for those times, including such men as 'Joe' Trees, Floyd Rose, the Fiscus brothers and 'Ted' Boden, a fellow who had the spiral punt down to perfection. We also had a good second team which I believe won every game it played. I was proud to be manager and right end for that team and we were greatly shocked when W. & J. beat our first team.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 67], "content_span": [68, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Pittsburgh Athletic Club\nThe opener was played October 7th against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club (PAC) in front of a thousand fans on the East End Club grounds. The game started as a defensive struggle but after twenty minutes of play PAC halfback Grant Dibert was able to score on a thirty yard run. Reed kicked the goal and the tally was 6-0 in favor of PAC at halftime. The second half was again a defensive struggle. Captain Burt Aull finally broke through the line from three yards out and scored another touchdown for PAC. The kick for goal failed and the score stood at 10-0 in favor of the PAC when the game came to an end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 98], "content_span": [99, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Pittsburgh Athletic Club\nThe WUP lineup for the Pittsburgh A.C. game was Jesse Price (left end), A.F. Harrold (left Tackle), Ross Fiscus (left guard), Ruben Rose (center), Newell Fiscus (right guard), Joe Trees (right tackle), Al Marshall (right end), Floyd Rose (quarterback), George Neale (left Halfback), L. Marchand (right halfback) and Ted Boden (fullback). Ross Fiscus replaced Coach Harrold at left tackle and Samuel Hill replaced Ross Fiscus at left guard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 98], "content_span": [99, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Allegheny Athletic Association\nOn a rainy October 14th the Allegheny Athletic Association and the WUP elevens played in the mud. Due to the conditions, this game was a defensive struggle with fumbles occurring frequently. Price, Flowers, Neale and Harrold all played well for WUP as they advanced the ball to the 15 yard line as time expired in the first half. Midway through the second half George Neale was able to skirt the end for thirty-five yards and score a touchdown. Coach Harrold's try for goal failed and the score read 4-0 in favor of the Western U. The Alleghenies continued to battle with Valentine, Wright and Van Cleve gaining good yardage but the WUP defense prevailed for the 4-0 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 104], "content_span": [105, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Allegheny Athletic Association\nThe WUP lineup for the A.A.A. game was Jesse Price (left end), A.F. Harrold (left Tackle), Samuel Hill (left guard), Ruben Rose (center), Ross Fiscus (right guard), Joe Trees (right tackle), Al Marshall (right end), Floyd Rose (quarterback), George Neale (left Halfback), L. Marchand (right halfback) and John Flowers (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 104], "content_span": [105, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Greensburg Athletic Association (cancelled)\nIn a strange twist of events, coach Anson Harrold, Joseph Trees and Ross Fiscus promised to play for the Allegheny Athletic Association on Oct. 21st and were not available for the WUP contest with the Greensburg Athletic Association. This predicament would become a recurring problem for the WUP football teams for the next ten years. Manager Brown cancelled the game rather than play without three of the WUPs best players in the line-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 117], "content_span": [118, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Pittsburgh Athletic Club\nThe WUP eleven was at full strength for the second match versus the PAC. The weather was again a factor producing slippery playing conditions. Dibert of the PAC scored three minutes into the game and Read kicked the goal after for an early 6-0 lead. Midway through the half Dibert again raced toward the goal but was tackled by Boden on the one yard line. Bert Aull scored on the next play and the PAC led 10-0 as Read missed the goal after kick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 98], "content_span": [99, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0008-0001", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Pittsburgh Athletic Club\nOn the ensuing drive the WUP offense successfully moved the ball down the field with McNeal and Boden doing most of the ball carrying. Neale finally pushed the ball over the goal for a WUP touchdown, which was the first score against the PAC in the 1893 season. Boden kicked the goal after and the score stood 10-6 in favor of PAC at the halftime break. After an exchange of possessions in the second half Martin and Dibert of PAC moved the ball close to the WUP goal line and Ritchie carried it into the end zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 98], "content_span": [99, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0008-0002", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Pittsburgh Athletic Club\nRead's kick after was successful and the score was 16-6 in favor of the PAC. The PACs were on the move again but Martin fumbled and Joe Trees picked up the ball and raced 65 yards for the WUP score. The final tally stood at 16 -10 in favor of the PAC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 98], "content_span": [99, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0009-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Pittsburgh Athletic Club\nThe  WUP lineup for the Pittsburgh A.C. rematch was Jesse Price (left end), A.F. Harrold (left Tackle), Samuel Hill (left guard), Ruben Rose (center), Ross Fiscus (right guard), Joe Trees (right tackle), Al Marshall (right end), Floyd Rose (quarterback), George Neale (left Halfback), McNeil (right halfback) and Ted Boden (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 98], "content_span": [99, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0010-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Penn State\nThe first game played between the Western University of Pennsylvania and the Pennsylvania State College was scheduled for November 4th but \u201cMother Nature\u201d decided to deposit a heavy coat of snow on the  borough of State College. The game was rescheduled for Monday the 6th. The State College eleven were wonderful hosts for the weekend but totally outplayed the University eleven on their new football field - Beaver Stadium. The Staties scored five touchdowns and offensively spent most of the game on the WUP end of the field. The WUPs had no answer and lost 32-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 84], "content_span": [85, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0011-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Penn State\nThe WUP lineup for the Penn State game was Jesse Price (left end),L. Marchand (left Tackle), Samuel Hill (left guard), Hall (center), Ross Fiscus (right guard), Joe Trees (right tackle), Al Marshall (right end), Floyd Rose (quarterback), George Neale (left Halfback), McNeil (right halfback) and John Flowers(fullback). Ted Boden replaced John Flowers at fullback.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 84], "content_span": [85, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0012-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Geneva\nOn November 11 the WUP team again failed to appear for their scheduled game. They were supposed to be in Beaver Falls to battle the Geneva College football team. Geneva was able to play a game with the Y.M.C.A. but The Pittsburgh Press criticized the behavior of the Western University. The actions of the three WUPs playing for the Club team and not the University team caused the manager to again forfeit a game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 80], "content_span": [81, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0013-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Washington & Jefferson\nThe WUPs concluded their 1893 season with a trip to Washington, Pennsylvania to take on the Washington & Jefferson. The Western U. boys moved the ball on the opening drive to the Washington & Jefferson five yard line where Ross Fiscus fumbled. The WUPs would not get that close again. The scoreless first half ended as W & J was on the one yard line ready to score. Five minutes into the second half fullback Brownlee of W & J scampered thirty yards into the end zone for a touchdown. The kick after was good and the Washington & Jefferson led 6-0. When W & J got the ball back they moved it steadily downfield and scored again. The final tally was 12-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 96], "content_span": [97, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0014-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Washington & Jefferson\nThe WUP lineup for the Washington & Jefferson game was Jesse Price (right end), L. Marchand (left Tackle), Samuel Hill (left guard), Ruben Rose (center), Ross Fiscus (left halfback), Joe Trees (right guard), Al Marshall (left end), Floyd Rose (quarterback), George Neale (right tackle), McNeil (right halfback) and Ted Boden(fullback). George Neale was disqualified for slugging and replaced by John Cherry. The Western University of Pennsylvania finished the season with one win and four losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 96], "content_span": [97, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029892-0015-0000", "contents": "1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Roster\nThe roster of the 1893 Western University of Pennsylvania football team:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 61], "content_span": [62, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029893-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 William & Mary Orange and White football team\nThe 1893 William & Mary football team represented the College of William & Mary during the 1893 college football season. In the fall of 1893, Charles L. Hepburn brought together the first official football team at William & Mary\u2014the college's first organized athletic team. The 1893 team played three games, starting with the first contest in school history against a YMCA team from nearby Norfolk, Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029894-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1893 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 10 July until 20 July. It was the 17th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029894-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Gentlemen's Doubles\nJoshua Pim /  Frank Stoker defeated  Harry Barlow /  Ernest Lewis, 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20131, 2\u20136, 6\u20130", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029895-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Doubles\nJoshua Pim and Frank Stoker defeated Herbert Baddeley and Wilfred Baddeley 6\u20132, 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 5\u20137, 6\u20132 in the All Comers' Final, and then defeated the reigning champions Harry Barlow and Ernest Lewis 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20131, 2\u20136, 6\u20130 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1893 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029896-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Singles\nJoshua Pim defeated Harold Mahony 9\u20137, 6\u20133, 6\u20130 in the All Comers' Final, and then defeated the reigning champion Wilfred Baddeley 3\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20133, 6\u20132 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1893 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029897-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Ladies' Singles\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Dunarc (talk | contribs) at 20:35, 19 June 2020 (\u2192\u200eExternal links:  Category sort order). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029897-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Ladies' Singles\nBlanche Hillyard defeated Maud Shackle 6\u20133, 6\u20132 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champion Lottie Dod defeated Hillyard 6\u20138, 6\u20131, 6\u20134 in the Challenge Round to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1893 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029898-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1893 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1893 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029899-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Wofford Terriers football team\nThe 1893 Wofford Terriers football team represented Wofford College in the 1893 college football season. The team compiled an 0\u20131 record, losing its only game to Furman on November 30 by an 18\u20134 score. The game was played at Greenville, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029900-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Women's Suffrage Petition\nThe 1893 women's suffrage petition was the third of three petitions to the New Zealand Government in support of women's suffrage and resulted in the Electoral Act 1893, which gave women the right to vote in the 1893 general election. The 1893 petition was substantially larger than the 1891 petition, which had around 9,000 signatures, and larger still than the 1892 petition, which contained some 20,000 signatures. The third petition was the largest petition presented to Parliament at that point with nearly 32,000 signatures. The petition was signed in various parts of the country by women, aged 21 or older, who signed their names and addresses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029900-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Women's Suffrage Petition\nThe petition was submitted to Parliament on 28 July 1893. The main petition has more than 500 individual sheets together to form a roll which stretched more than 270 metres (890\u00a0ft). There were another 12 smaller petitions which have not survived.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029900-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 Women's Suffrage Petition\nPoliticians John Hall, Alfred Saunders, and Premier John Ballance were all in favour of women's suffrage, but the effort was largely led by the New Zealand branch of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union led by Kate Sheppard from 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029900-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 Women's Suffrage Petition\nThe petition is on display at the National Library of New Zealand in Wellington as part of the  exhibition. It remains, however, under the care of the Chief Archivist and Archives New Zealand. It has been on the UNESCO Memory of the World register since 1997.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029900-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 Women's Suffrage Petition\nThe 1891 petition has not survived but the 1892 petition is held by Archives New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029901-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Worcester Tech football team\nThe 1893 Worcester Tech football team was an American football team that represented Worcester Polytechnic Institute in the 1893 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029902-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 World Allround Speed Skating Championships\nThe 1893 World Allround Speed Skating Championships took place at 13 and 14 January at the ice rink Museumplein in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It is the fourth World Allround Speed Skating Championships organised at the Museumplein in Amsterdam. (The championships in 1892 were canceled due to thaw). It was the first official World Allround Speed Skating Championship after the foundation of the International Skating Union (ISU) in 1892. The Dutch skater Jaap Eden became the first official ISU-World allround by winning the 1500, 5000 en 500 meter. He did not need to finish the 10000m according to the rules. Oskar Fredriksen from Norway skated the championship the first World record at the 10000 meter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029902-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 World Allround Speed Skating Championships, Rules\nFour distances had to be skated: 500, 1500, 5000 and 10,000 m. One could earn the world title only by winning at least three of the four distances, otherwise the title would be vacant. The winner of the 500 and 1500 meter was decided by a skate off of the best four skaters of the distance. Silver and bronze medals were not awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029903-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Yale Bulldogs baseball team\nThe 1893 Yale Bulldogs baseball team represented Yale University in the 1893 college baseball season. The Bulldogs competed as an Independent, with a student manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029903-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 Yale Bulldogs baseball team\nThe Bulldogs advanced to the first national championship event for college baseball, held at the Chicago World's Fair and pitting top teams from the East, South, and West. Yale won the tournament, defeating Amherst in the final game 9\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029904-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1893 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1893 college football season. The team finished with a 10\u20131 record and, despite losing to Princeton, was retroactively named as the national champion by one selector, Parke H. Davis. Yale's 1893 season was part of a 37-game winning streak that began with the final game of the 1890 season and stopped at the end of the 1893 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029905-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 college baseball season\nThe 1893 college baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States began in the spring of 1893. Play largely consisted of regional matchups, some organized by conferences, and ended in June. For the first and only time prior to 1947, a national championship event was organized by Amos Alonzo Stagg. With competition at the Chicago World's Fair, the champions of the East, South, and West met, with Yale defeating Amherst 9\u20130 in the final game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029905-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 college baseball season, Chicago World's Fair Tournament\nThe champions of the West and South played a double-elimination tournament prior to the arrival of teams from the East (New England).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029905-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 college baseball season, Chicago World's Fair Tournament\nA second bracket consisting of Virginia and the four teams from New England followed next, with several games played at South Side Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029906-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 college football season\nThe 1893 college football season was the season of American football played among colleges and universities in the United States during the 1893\u201394 academic year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029906-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 college football season\nThe 1893 Princeton Tigers football team, led by captain Thomas Trenchard, compiled a perfect 11\u20130 record, outscored opponents by a total of 270 to 14, and has been recognized as the national champion by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, and National Championship Foundation. Despite Yale's loss to Princeton, one selector (Parke H. Davis) recognized the Bulldogs as the national champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029906-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 college football season\nAll eleven players selected by Caspar Whitney and Walter Camp to the 1893 All-America college football team came from the Big Three (Princeton, Yale, and Harvard). Seven of the honorees have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame: quarterback Philip King, fullback Charley Brewer (Harvard), end Frank Hinkey (Yale), tackle Marshall Newell (Harvard), tackle Langdon Lea (Princeton), guard Art Wheeler (Princeton), and guard Bill Hickok (Yale).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029906-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 college football season\nNew programs established in 1893 included Boston College, LSU, Oregon State, Texas, and Washington State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029906-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 college football season, Princeton v. Yale\nAs the Princeton and Yale teams prepared to meet in late November 1893, an unprecedented amount of media and public attention fell upon the big game, which was being billed as the championship game of the season. Both teams entered the game with undefeated with records of 10\u20130. Yale had outscored its opponents 336-6 and was riding a 37-game winning streak dating back to a loss to Harvard in 1890. Princeton had outscored its opponents by a cumulative total of 264\u201314, and was seeking to avenge its 12\u20130 loss to Yale the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029906-0004-0001", "contents": "1893 college football season, Princeton v. Yale\nA crowd of 40,000, the largest ever to see a football game up to that time, showed up at the Polo Grounds in New York to see the two teams take the field. Three-time Consensus All-American Phil King led Princeton into the game. He would later head the Princeton Football Association and help coach. King had just developed the double wingback formation with the ends deployed on the wings of the line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029906-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 college football season, Princeton v. Yale\nFrom the double wingback formation, Princeton precisely executed a complete set of plays and completely befuddled the Yale eleven, captained by college football Hall of Famer Frank Hinkey. The New York Sun noted that \u201cPrinceton in 1893 had the finest offensive machine it had developed up to this time \u2013 a team with continuity of attack, the ability to pile first down upon first down.\u201d   Princeton was able to cross the goal once and held Yale scoreless, thus winning 6\u20130 and claiming the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029906-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 college football season, Princeton v. Yale\nHowever, the game did not pass without engendering some controversy. The New York Herald declared in a scathing commentary: \"Thanksgiving Day is no longer a solemn festival to God for mercies given. It is a holiday granted by the State and the Nation to see a game of football. The kicker now is king and the people bow down to him. The gory nosed tackler, hero of a hundred scrimmages and half as many wrecked wedges, is the idol of the hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029906-0006-0001", "contents": "1893 college football season, Princeton v. Yale\nWith swollen face and bleeding head, daubed from crown to sole with the mud of Manhattan Field, he stands triumphant amid the cheers of thousands. What matters that the purpose of the day is perverted, that church is foregone, that family reunion is neglected, that dinner is delayed if not forgot. Has not Princeton played a mighty game with Yale and has not Princeton won? This is the modern Thanksgiving Day.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029906-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 college football season, Princeton v. Yale\nThe Yale-Princeton Thanksgiving Day game of 1893 earned $13,000 for each school from gate receipts, as the big games became the primary source of revenue for the college's athletic programs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029906-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 college football season, Conference standings\nThe following is a potentially incomplete list of conference standings:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029907-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in Argentine football\n1893 in Argentine football saw the first league tournament organized by current Argentine Football Association. This league had been established by Alexander Watson Hutton, considered \"the father\" of Argentine football. Lomas Athletic Club won its first title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029907-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 in Argentine football\nOnly Buenos Aires al Rosario Railway survived from the 1891 championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029907-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 in Argentine football, Primera divisi\u00f3n\nThe championship took the format of a league of 5 teams, with each team playing the other twice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 44], "content_span": [45, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029907-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 in Argentine football, Primera divisi\u00f3n, Argentine Association Football League\n1 It was registered as the football team of the School. The English High School Athletic Club would be established in 1898.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 83], "content_span": [84, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029908-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1893 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029909-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029909-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1893 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029909-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1893 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029910-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in Australian soccer\nThe 1893 season was the tenth season of competitive association football in Australia. There were two league competitions and two cup competitions fielded by Northern District British Football Association (Northern NSW) and the South British Football Soccer Association (New South Wales).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029910-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 in Australian soccer, Cup competitions\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 43], "content_span": [44, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029914-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in Canada, Historical Documents\nIndian agent reports on Moose Woods Reserve and day school, Assiniboia, N.W.T.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029914-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 in Canada, Historical Documents\nEthnologist takes part in Dogrib caribou hunt near Great Slave Lake", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029914-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 in Canada, Historical Documents\nMackenzie King joins in on Halloween mischief at University of Toronto", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029915-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1893, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 89], "content_span": [90, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029915-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 in Canadian football, Dominion Championship\n1893 Dominion Championship Game: Montreal AAA Grounds - Montreal, Quebec", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029916-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1893 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029923-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in Italy, Events\nThe year is characterized by the Banca Romana scandal, discrediting the whole political system, and increasing violence in Sicily as a result of the Fasci Siciliani (Sicilian Leagues), a popular movement of democratic and socialist inspiration in 1891\u20131894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 21], "content_span": [22, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029925-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during 1893 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029925-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 in New Zealand\nWith the sudden death of John Ballance on 27 April the 13 years of Richard Seddon as Prime Minister begins. On 28 November New Zealand women become the first in the world to vote in a national election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029925-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nThe Electoral Bill granting women the franchise is given Royal Assent by Governor Lord Glasgow on 19 September, and women voted for the first time on 28 November (see Women's suffrage in New Zealand).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029925-0003-0000", "contents": "1893 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law\nThe Liberal Party is re-elected on 28 November and begins the 12th New Zealand Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 51], "content_span": [52, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029925-0004-0000", "contents": "1893 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Parliamentary opposition\nLeader of the Opposition \u2013 William Rolleston (Independent) until 8 November, then William Russell (Independent).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029925-0005-0000", "contents": "1893 in New Zealand, Sport, Athletics\nThe first Australia and New Zealand Championships are held. Tim O'Connor (in the Shot Put) is the first New Zealander to win an event. These combined Championships are held biennially until 1927 except during World War I.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029925-0006-0000", "contents": "1893 in New Zealand, Sport, Athletics\nThe hammer throw is held for the first time at a New Zealand National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029925-0007-0000", "contents": "1893 in New Zealand, Sport, Billiards\nThe second firm in the country to begin the manufacture of billiard tables does so in Auckland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029925-0008-0000", "contents": "1893 in New Zealand, Sport, Chess\nNational Champion: Franz Vaughan Siedeberg of Dunedin. (his 2nd title)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029925-0009-0000", "contents": "1893 in New Zealand, Sport, Golf\nThe New Zealand Amateur Championships are held for the first time. They are hosted by the Otago Golf Club and staged at the Balmacewan course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029927-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in Norwegian music\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by BHGbot (talk | contribs) at 21:51, 18 June 2020 (WP:BHGbot 6 (List 5): eponymous category first, per MOS:CATORDER; fixed sort key; WP:GENFIXES, added Empty section (1) tag). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029927-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1893 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029931-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1893 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029934-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1893 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029936-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in architecture\nThe year 1893 in architecture, involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029938-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1893 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029939-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1893  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029940-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in basketball\nThe following are the basketball events of the year 1893  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029941-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in birding and ornithology\nBirds described in 1893 include Attwater's prairie chicken, the Auckland rail, blue-winged racket-tail, black-winged petrel, Laysan albatross, Chatham petrel, Mauritius night heron, Mauritius owl, purple-breasted sunbird, violet-throated metaltail, white-bellied tyrannulet, Whyte's barbet and the white-bellied crested flycatcher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029942-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in film\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1893 in film, including a list of films released and notable births.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029943-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029945-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029945-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 in paleontology, Arthropods, Newly named insects\nFossil Dolichoderine ant, moved to Iridomyrmex goepperti in 1915, jr synonym of Ctenobethylus goepperti", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029946-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029946-0001-0000", "contents": "1893 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029946-0002-0000", "contents": "1893 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029947-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1893.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029948-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in science\nThe year 1893 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029949-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in sports\n1893 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029950-0000-0000", "contents": "1893 in the Congo Free State\nThe following lists events that happened during 1893 in the Congo Free State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029953-0000-0000", "contents": "1893: A World's Fair Mystery\n1893: A World's Fair Mystery is an educational work of interactive fiction by American author Peter Nepstad, written in the TADS programming language. It takes place during the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. The exposition is recreated in detail, with archival photographs from the fair and in-depth descriptions detailing each of the few hundred locations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029953-0001-0000", "contents": "1893: A World's Fair Mystery\nAn early text-only version won the 2002 XYZZY Award for Best Setting, and 1893 was declared runner-up for Games' Best RPG/Adventure 2004.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029953-0002-0000", "contents": "1893: A World's Fair Mystery, Plot\nDuring the 1893 World's Colombian Exposition, eight diamonds have been stolen from the exhibition pavilion of the fictional Kimberly Diamond Mining Company. Among them is one of the largest diamonds in the world that the mining company had bestowed to Queen Victoria, who then gave it to the exposition as a loan. The player assumes the role of a detective who investigates the case. The theft soon develops into a kidnapping case, and the player even has to investigate a murder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 34], "content_span": [35, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029953-0003-0000", "contents": "1893: A World's Fair Mystery, Reception\nSpecialist magazine Adventure Gamers pointed out that among all game genres only adventures enabled the player to retrospectively participate in historic events. Editor Evan Dickens praised an entertaining and well-written narrative and an authentic reconstruction of the exposition, but criticized that the open world game world that is accessible to the player from the beginning on might overexcert inexperienced players. As a whole Dickens rated 1893 as \"one of the most phantastic adventure games\" he had ever played. Just Adventure noted a \"solid story\" that Nepstad had weaved across his reconstruction of the exhibition. Editor Ricardo Pautassi praised the interface and the characters of the game but criticized thet the large open game world makes the player lose the overview over where to find certain items to solve the puzzles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 881]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029954-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Ardwick A.F.C. season\nThe 1893\u201394 season was Ardwick A.F.C. 's third season of league football and second season in the Football League. In the latter half of the season, financial difficulties forced the reorganisation of the club into the team Manchester City F.C. on the day of their last league game of the season. By this name the club have been known for the rest of their history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029954-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Ardwick A.F.C. season\nThe season saw the unusual event of Ardwick being forced to play one game - away versus Crewe Alexandra - with only ten players. In a season in which Ardwick lost two thirds of their games and recorded one of their worst ever league results, they drew the match 1\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029955-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Aston Villa F.C. season\nThe 1893\u201394 season was Aston Villa's sixth season in the Football League since its formation. They finished the season as champions for the first time, and for the next few years they would be very much the dominant side of English football, winning a total of five championships and two FA Cups by 1900.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029955-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Aston Villa F.C. season\nFor the first two of these championship seasons, they were based at Wellington Road. Though reporters claimed gates of 20,000, it is not clear how many of these would have been able to see the game!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029955-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Aston Villa F.C. season\nVilla built up a six-point lead by the end of December and maintained that margin to the end of the season, with only Sunderland providing a serious challenge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029955-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Aston Villa F.C. season\nJack Devey was an all-round sportsman who enjoyed a long cricket career with Warwickshire. He played football for local clubs in Birmingham before joining Villa in 1891. He was capped twice by England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029955-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Aston Villa F.C. season\nJimmy Cowan was an attacking centre-half in the days when this was a common tactic. He was well known as a sprinter and won the Powderhall Handicap in 1896. He was just 5\u00a0ft 61\u20442\u00a0in (1.69\u00a0m) tall, but his quoted weight of 12\u00a0st 3\u00a0lbs (77.6\u00a0kg) indicates a sprinter\u2019s powerful build.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029955-0005-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Aston Villa F.C. season, First Division\nAston Villa won the league title in the final match of the season 3-1 against Everton with goals from top scorer Guy Jones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029956-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Bristol & District League\nThe 1893\u201394 season was the second in the history of the Bristol & District League, which was renamed the Western League in 1895. After a single division the previous season, a second division was formed, mostly of reserve teams from Division One clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029956-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Bristol & District League\nWarmley were the Division One champions again, having won the league in its initial season the previous year. Their reserve team won the new Division Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029956-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Bristol & District League, Final tables, Division One\nTwo new clubs joined Division One for this season, increasing the number of clubs from nine to ten after the resignation of Wells City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029956-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Bristol & District League, Final tables, Division Two\nTen teams formed the new Division Two, including seven reserve teams from Division One clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029957-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 British Home Championship\nThe 1893\u201394 British Home Championship was an edition of the annual international football tournament played between the British Home Nations. It was won by Scotland in a close competition in which neither Scotland nor England lost a game but Scotland managed to accumulate one more point than England with a victory over Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029957-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 British Home Championship\nWales and Ireland began the tournament, Wales winning the match easily 4\u20131 and gaining an early advantage. Ireland's second match was against England and the Irish managed to hold their opponents to a 2\u20132 draw in a very tough match. England recovered to beat Wales, scoring five goals, but this total was matched by Scotland in their first match. Scotland also managed to beat Ireland, the Irish again only narrowly missing out on victory, losing 1\u20132. In the final game of the competition England and Scotland played, Scotland only needing a draw to achieve the trophy. Despite a very strong encounter, the Scots held England to a 2\u20132 draw and took the tournament by a single point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029958-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1893\u201394 season was Burslem Port Vale's second consecutive season of football in the English Football League. Winning their opening seven league games, Vale seemed destined for First Division football, however they won just six of their final 22 games and ended up in mid-table. Their remarkable start to the season has not been equalled by any Vale team to date, and counting the previous season's final game, which was a victory, their streak of eight league wins is still a club record. Vale had remedied their scoring trouble, with five players all besting the previous season's top scorer tally of five goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029958-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season\nOne of the club's most successful seasons, only in 1930\u201331 did Port Vale finish higher than seventh in the second tier of the Football League. With 16 teams in the First Division, Vale finished in 23rd place overall, their highest ever ranking at the end of any season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029958-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nSeptember 1893 was a perfect month for the \"Valeites\", achieving as they did seven wins out of seven games, scoring 30 goals in the process. Although two of these came against whipping boys Northwich Victoria, they did take apart eventual runners-up Small Heath 5\u20130. However this run came to an end with an 8\u20131 collapse at a highly physical Manchester City. During this run, on 9 September 1893, Lewis Campbell became the first Vale player to score a hat-trick, and also four goals in one game, as his team brushed aside Walsall Town Swifts 5\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029958-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nThey finished the season with a respectable 2\u20131 defeat to champions Liverpool at Anfield. Vale racked up 30 points, 10 points away from both the chance of promotion and the risk of relegation. Meshach Dean, Bob McCrindle, Billy Beats, and Alf Wood were all ever-presents, with Jimmy Scarratt and Lewis Campbell missing just one game each. At the end of the season McCrindle moved South, Campbell also left the area due to his wife not liking Burslem, though star striker Beats remained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029958-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Burslem Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nFor the second successive season they exited the FA Cup at the first qualifying stage thanks to defeat at home to Burton Swifts. In the Staffordshire Senior Cup they exited in the Second Round to Wolverhampton Wanderers after a 6\u20134 loss \u2013 Billy Beats scored a hat-trick yet still finding himself on the losing side. In the Birmingham Senior Cup they left at the Second Round after a 3\u20131 defeat at West Bromwich Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 65], "content_span": [66, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029959-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Celtic F.C. season\nDuring the 1893\u201394 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in the Scottish First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029960-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Chicago Maroons men's basketball team\nThe 1893\u201394 Chicago Maroons men's basketball team represented the University of Chicago in intercollegiate basketball and served as the first team in the history of the university. The team finished the season with a 6\u20131 record The team played their home games on campus in the Men's Gymnasium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029960-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Chicago Maroons men's basketball team\nThe team consisted of 9 players; Henry David Hubbard, Henry Magee Adkinson, Sidney Charles Liebenstein, Charles King Bliss, Stanley M. Ramsay, William B. Keen Jr., Clifford Bottsford McGillivray, Frederick Day Nichols, and Harry Victor Church. The Maroons did not have a head coach listed on their roster, however, Hubbard was appointed team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029961-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1893\u201394 season was the 21st Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at national level, entering the Scottish Football League and the Scottish Cup. In addition Dumbarton played in the Dumbartonshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029961-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League\nThe demand for league football nationally resulted in the creation of a new second division. Meanwhile, Dumbarton competed in their first season as a professional outfit. From now on it would be a 'big ask' for the club to compete with the larger outfits as they could not generate the required funds to attract the best talent. Nevertheless, a creditable 5th place in the First Division was achieved with 19 points, 10 behind champions Celtic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029961-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nAfter a first round win over local rivals Vale of Leven, Dumbarton were defeated in the second round by St Bernards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029961-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Dumbarton F.C. season, Dumbartonshire Cup\nDumbarton retained the Dumbartonshire Cup, defeating Duntocher Harp in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029961-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nDuring the season 17 'friendly' matches were played, including a 'mini' north of England tour during the New Year holidays. In all, 6 were won, 5 drawn and 6 lost, scoring 41 goals and conceding 39.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029961-0005-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics\nDespite the switch to professionalism, Dumbarton struggled to hold on to their 'star' players and during the season lost, amongst others, internationalist John Taylor who moved to St Mirren.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029961-0006-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\nJohn Taylor earned his third and fourth 'League' caps in Scottish League XI's against the Irish and English Leagues respectively - scoring a goal in the 6-2 win over the Irish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029961-0007-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps\nTom McMillan also earned his first 'League' cap in the match against the Irish League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029961-0008-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton were defeated in the second round of the Scottish Second XI Cup by Celtic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029962-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Dundee F.C. season\nSeason 1893\u201394 was the first season in which Dundee competed at a Scottish national level, playing in Division One for the first time. Throughout the season, Dundee would alternate between the two kits of their merger clubs, Dundee East End (sky blue stripes) and Dundee Our Boys (all navy blue).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029963-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Eastville Rovers F.C. season\nThe 1893\u201394 season was the eleventh to be played by the team now known as Bristol Rovers, and their tenth playing under the name Eastville Rovers. The first team continued to play in the first division of the Bristol & District League (now known as the Western Football League), while the reserves became founding members of the second division of the same competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029963-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review\nEastville Rovers began the season in confident mood. They had moved to a new ground in Ridgeway (sometimes referred to in contemporary reports as Rudgeway) on a site shared with Bristol North Cricket Club, which they had felt would improve attendances due to it being closer to Eastville than their former home in Ashley Down. They also welcomed many new players into the club thanks to a merger with St Gabriel's Association Football Club, enabling the formation of a third team to play alongside the firsts and reserves. It would prove to be a bitter-sweet campaign however as although the first team managed to reach the final of the Gloucestershire Cup, both the firsts and reserves finished just one place above the bottom of their respective league tables.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 51], "content_span": [52, 814]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029963-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Match results, Bristol & District League, Division Two\nThe date and result of the away game against Mangotsfield reserves is not known. The final three games were played over the Easter week of 1894 and all took place at the Chequers ground in Kingswood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 92], "content_span": [93, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029963-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Match results, Gloucestershire Senior Challenge Cup\nEastville Rovers were drawn away to Mangotsfield in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 89], "content_span": [90, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029963-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Match results, Friendlies, Third team\nThe name of the club's third team was given variously as Eastville Rovers Extras, Eastville Rovers A, or simply Eastville Rovers. The name of the team as it was reported in the local press for each match is shown in the table below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029963-0005-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Statistics, Cumulative record\nThe total cumulative record of Eastville Rovers up to the end of the 1893\u201394 season is shown below. This is calculated by adding the numbers in the section above to the total games played up to the end of the previous season. Friendly matches are not included in this table, and games held at neutral venues are considered to have been played away from home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029964-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Everton F.C. season, Regular Football League First team\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029964-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Everton F.C. season, Regular Football League First team\nNumber of League games in which this eleven was fielded = 5", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029964-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the first team squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029964-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the first team squad\nThe departure of Alec Stewart to newly promoted Darwen and injury to Fred Geary left Everton needing a new left half and centre forward during the summer of 1893. The two men signed were of the highest calibre in the shape of Billy Stewart who had thrice been a league runner-up with Preston and record \u00a3400 signing of Jack Southworth from cash strapped Blackburn. Despite two such high profile signings Everton's start to the season proved very inconsistent and was a bench mark for the rest of the season in which they would finish only sixth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029964-0003-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the first team squad\nThe full back partnership of Kelso and Howarth was broken up after the first ten games and played together just three more times as six different combinations including Parry, Lindsay and Arridge were tried in a bid to bring stability in front of Richard William's goal. The half back line of Boyle, Holt and Stewart lasted just three games before John Walker was tried in place of Holt after the 3\u20137 defeat by Derby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029964-0003-0002", "contents": "1893\u201394 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the first team squad\nHolt was quickly recalled while Kelso, having been moved out of the back line was tried regularly in place of Dickie Boyle at right half in the second half of the season. The expensive signing of Southworth came too late for the first two games of the season in which the forward line, still robbed of Geary started as Latta, Bell, Maxwell, Chadwick and Milward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029964-0003-0003", "contents": "1893\u201394 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the first team squad\nAlan Maxwell was replaced at centre forward by Alf Milward for the second game with James McMillan coming into the reshuffled front rank before Southworth made the slot his own in the third game with John Bell deputising for three games and Fred Geary, now back from injury stepping in for three. Geary was restricted to just nine appearances all season in every position of the front rank while Maxwell was also unable to get into the side, moving to newly promoted Darwen where his goals were unable to stave off relegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029965-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 FA Amateur Cup\nThe 1893\u201394 FA Amateur Cup was the first season of the FA Amateur Cup, an annual football competition for teams outside the professional leagues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029965-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 FA Amateur Cup\nOld Carthusians won the competition, beating Clapton in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029966-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 FA Cup\nThe 1893\u201394 FA Cup was the twenty-third edition of the world's oldest football knockout competition, The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup. The cup was won by Notts County of the Football League Second Division, who defeated Bolton Wanderers 4\u20131 in the final to win the cup for the first and, to date, only time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029966-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 FA Cup\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. Some matches, however, might be rescheduled for other days if there were clashes with games for other competitions or the weather was inclement. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029966-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 FA Cup, Results, Final\nThe 1894 FA Cup Final was a football match played on 31 March 1894. The final was contested by Notts County and Bolton Wanderers at Goodison Park, Liverpool. Notts County won 4\u20131 with Jimmy Logan becoming the second player to ever score a hat-trick at an FA Cup Final", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029967-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 FC Basel season\nFC Basel was started by an advertisement placed by Roland Geldner in the 12 November 1893 edition of the Basler national newspaper, requesting that a football team be formed and that anyone who wished to join should meet up the following Wednesday at 8:15 in the restaurant Schuhmachern-Zunft. Eleven men attended the meeting, generally from the academic community, founding Fussball Club Basel on 15 November 1893. All of them had spent some time in England and during that time found their way into football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029967-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 FC Basel season, Founder members\nApart from Abderhalden, Born, Schmoll and Strub, they were all members of the Basel rowing club. The club colors red and blue were chosen out of affection for the rowing clubs' colours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 40], "content_span": [41, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029967-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 FC Basel season, Overview\nEleven days after the club was founded the first game took place. Not much has been passed down from the first game that the FCB played on 26 November 1893. The club members met at the Landhof and played a game among themselves. It is considered as the first, but unofficial, game of FC Basel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029967-0002-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 FC Basel season, Overview\nThe names of the players of both teams were recorded at that time, which can also be read in the annals of FC Basel, and the result was also passed on for posterity, Team 1: with the brothers Roland, Max and Georges Geldner, Ferdinand Isler, Max Born, Josy Ebinger and Fritz Sch\u00e4ublin, beat Team 2: with John Tollmann, Adolf Hintermann, Wilhelm Glaser, Richard Strub, Mario Arbini, Emil Abderhalden, Lewis Gough and Jean Grieder by seven goals to two. At a meeting of the club's leading commission it is said that Isler had very good goal scoring tactics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029967-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 FC Basel season, Overview\nTwo weeks after this internal training match, the real premiere took place. Ferdinand Isler was selected as the teams first captain. The first football match that the club held was on 10 December against the football team of the club RTV/Realsch\u00fcler-Turnverein (secondary school student gymnastics club). FCB won two goals to nil, the goal scorers were Glaser and Siegrist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029967-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 FC Basel season, Overview\nThe next match was held six months later. Charles Volderauer, who as businessman had good connections, used them from the very beginning. As early as June 1894, he organised the journey to visit Strassburger FV. The team travelled by train to Strasbourg and played their first match against a foreign team, which ended with a 0\u20138 defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029967-0005-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 FC Basel season, Overview\nUp until the club's AGM on 31 August 1994 a total of 31 footballers had joined the team since the first day, six members had since left and so they had 25 active footballers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029967-0006-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029967-0007-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 FC Basel season, Notes, Sources\n(NB: Despite all efforts, the editors of these books and the authors in \"Basler Fussballarchiv\" have failed to be able to identify all the players, their date and place of birth or date and place of death, who played in the games during the early years of FC Basel.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029968-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Football League\nThe 1893\u201394 season was the sixth season of The Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029968-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Football League, Final league tables\nThe tables below are reproduced here in the exact form that they can be found at the  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029968-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Football League, Final league tables\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded). In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season. Since the goal average was used for this purpose for such a long time, it is presented in the tables below even for the seasons prior to 1894\u201395.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029968-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Football League, Final league tables\nDuring the first five seasons of the league, that is until this season, 1893\u201394, re-election process concerned the clubs which finished in the bottom four of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029968-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Football League, Final league tables\nMatch results are drawn from  website and Rothmans for the First Division and from Rothmans for the Second Division. The result of the match on 25 November 1893 between Wolves and Stoke is given in many newspapers as a win for Wolves by 4-2, which is the result included in these tables and in the book published by the Football League in 1937-38. Most subsequent lists of scores depend on that publication. The Times on Monday, 27th gives the score as 5-2 and local Midland newspapers also show 5-2, listing the five goal scorers. This curious discrepancy has never been explained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029968-0005-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Football League, Final league tables\nThe Second Division was expanded from twelve to fifteen teams, with the election of Liverpool, Middlesbrough Ironopolis, Newcastle United, Rotherham Town and Woolwich Arsenal and the resignation of Accrington and Bootle. Woolwich Arsenal became the first team from the south of England to participate in the Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029968-0006-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Football League, Test matches\nThe Football League test matches were a set of play-offs, in which the bottom First Division teams faced the top Second Division teams. The First Division teams, if coming out as winners, would retain their places in the division. If a Second Division team won, it would be considered for First Division membership through an election process at the expense of a losing First Division team. Losing Second Division teams would stay in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029968-0007-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Football League, Test matches, Consequences\nOf the winners, Liverpool and Small Heath (later known as Birmingham City F.C.) were elected into the First Division, while Preston North End remained there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029968-0008-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Football League, Test matches, Consequences\nOf the losers Darwen and Newton Heath (later known as Manchester United F.C.) continued in the Second Division, while Notts County remained there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029969-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Football Tournament\nStatistics of the Football Tournament in the 1893/1894 season. The format was slightly unusual in that all games had to have a winner. Therefore, if the match was level after 90 minutes, extra time was played. If the match was still level after extra time, the match was replayed until a winner emerged. However, it is uncertain why the drawn game was allowed to stand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029969-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Football Tournament, Overview\nIt was contested by 5 teams, and Akademisk Boldklub won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029970-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe 1893\u201394 French Rugby Union Championship was won by Stade Fran\u00e7ais that defeated Inter-Nos in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029970-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe tournament was played by five clubs from the Paris region, three from Paris\u00a0:Stade Fran\u00e7ais, Racing, and Inter-Nos, and two from Asni\u00e8res\u00a0: the Association Sportive d'Asni\u00e8res and the Cercle P\u00e9destre d'Asni\u00e8res.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029970-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe final was lost by In Inter-Nos, which had defeated C.P. Asni\u00e8res in semifinal, and won by the Stade fran\u00e7ais that had ousted the  Racing (9\u20130).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029971-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nDuring the 1893\u201394 season Hearts competed in the Scottish First Division, the Scottish Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029972-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Hibernian F.C. season\nDuring the 1893\u201394 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, finished first out of 10 clubs in the Scottish Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029973-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Irish League\nThe Irish League in season 1893\u20131894 comprised 6 teams, and Glentoran F.C. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029974-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe 1893\u201394 season was the second season in Liverpool F.C. 's existence, and was their first year in The Football League, in which they competed in the Second Division. The season covers  the period from 1 July 1893 to 30 June 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029974-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe club's first match in the Football League was against Middlesbrough Ironopolis on 2 September 1893. Liverpool won 2\u20130, Malcolm McVean scoring their first goal in league football. Their first season in the Football League was a success. Liverpool finished the season unbeaten in 28 matches, 22 of which they won. Their success meant they finished top of the Second Division, but as there was no automatic promotion to the First Division, they were entered into the 'Test Match system'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029974-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Liverpool F.C. season, Test Match 1894\nThe Test Match was between Liverpool and the bottom team in the First Division. They beat Newton Heath to move up to the First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029974-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Liverpool F.C. season, Players\nOne of the players, James Henderson from Scotland, was born in 1870 and played one match as a striker for Liverpool, after he was signed from a Scottish club named Annbank.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029975-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Netherlands Football League Championship\nThe Netherlands Football League Championship 1893\u20131894 was contested by six teams from the cities Amsterdam, The Hague, Haarlem, Rotterdam and Wageningen. The teams participated in the competition that would later be called Eerste Klasse West. But since the western football district of the Netherlands was the only one to have a competition at the time, it could be regarded as a national championship. This was also the reason that Go Ahead Wageningen participated, as they would later play in the eastern division. RAP Amsterdam won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029976-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 New Brompton F.C. season\nThe 1893\u201394 season was the first season in which football club New Brompton F.C. (later renamed Gillingham F.C.) competed. The club did not play in a league, but played a large number of friendlies and matches in local cup competitions as well as taking part in the qualifying rounds of the FA Cup and FA Amateur Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029976-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 New Brompton F.C. season, Friendlies\nNew Brompton's first ever match was at home to the reserves of Woolwich Arsenal on 2 September 1893, a match which the away team won 5\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029976-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 New Brompton F.C. season, FA Cup\nNew Brompton entered at the first qualifying round stage, but lost 6\u20133 away to Ilford. A.Jenner scored two goals and D.Hutcheson the third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029976-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 New Brompton F.C. season, FA Amateur Cup\nNew Brompton beat Maidstone United and Royal Scots Fusiliers before losing 1\u20132 to Royal Ordnance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029976-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 New Brompton F.C. season, Chatham Charity Cup\nNew Brompton won this minor local competition, beating Sheppey United 3\u20131 in the final on 14 April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 53], "content_span": [54, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029977-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Newcastle United F.C. season\nThe 1893\u201394 season was Newcastle United's first season in The Football League after they, and Middlesbrough Ironopolis, were elected to the Second Division from the Northern League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029978-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Newton Heath F.C. season\nThe 1893\u201394 season was Newton Heath's second season in the Football League. They finished last in the First Division for the second consecutive season, meaning that they faced a Test match against Liverpool in order to retain their top-flight status. They lost the match, which was played at Ewood Park, Blackburn, 2\u20130 and were relegated to the Second Division. In the FA Cup, the Heathens managed to reach the Second Round before being knocked out by Blackburn Rovers, losing 5\u20131 in a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029978-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Newton Heath F.C. season\nThe club also entered teams in the Lancashire and Manchester Senior Cups in 1893\u201394, but were knocked out in the first round of both competitions. In the latter half of the season, a Newton Heath team also competed in the Palatine League in an attempt to add more league fixtures to the calendar. However, the experiment was unsuccessful, as the team lost four of their eight games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029979-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Northern Football League\nThe 1893\u201394 Northern Football League season was the fifth in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029979-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Northern Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 3 clubs which competed in the last season, along with five new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029980-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Northwich Victoria F.C. season\nThe 1893\u201394 season was Northwich Victoria's second, and final season in the Football League. They competed in the 15 team Football League Second Division, which they had been a founding member of the previous season. The league was then the second tier of English football, where they finished 15th. Northwich were eliminated from the 1893\u201394 FA Cup in the fourth qualifying round, after being beaten 1\u20130 at home by Crewe Alexandra.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029980-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Northwich Victoria F.C. season, Season synopsis\nThe season began for Northwich on 2 September 1893, away to Grimsby Town, where they were convincingly defeated 7\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029980-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Northwich Victoria F.C. season, Season synopsis\nOn 3 February 1894, Northwich met Liverpool for the first time since beating them in the FA Cup the previous season, meeting this time in the League. Liverpool won the game convincingly 4-0 in front of 3,000 spectators at Anfield, with goals from Thomas Bradshaw, Duncan McClean and two goals from James Stott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029980-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Northwich Victoria F.C. season, Season synopsis\nNorthwich's return fixture against Liverpool was played on 28 March at the Drill Field, again in front of around 3,000 spectators. Failing to make amends for the earlier season defeat, Northwich were beaten 3-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 55], "content_span": [56, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029980-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Northwich Victoria F.C. season, First-team squad\nThis is the squad who faced Liverpool F.C. on 3 February 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029980-0005-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Northwich Victoria F.C. season, First-team squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029980-0006-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Northwich Victoria F.C. season, First-team squad\nBelow are other players who played for Northwich during this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029980-0007-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Northwich Victoria F.C. season, First-team squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team\nThe 1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team represented Oregon Agricultural College during the 1893 college football season. It was the school's inaugural football season. The team played a total of six games, finishing with a 5\u20131 record, and were regarded as the best collegiate team in Oregon for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 1: vs. Albany College\nNovember 11, 1893 marked the date of the first game of football played on the grounds of Oregon Agricultural College or in Benton County, Oregon itself, when the OAC Aggies met a rival squad fielded by their neighbors of Albany College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 92], "content_span": [93, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 1: vs. Albany College\nThe Albany team arrived in Corvallis at 11 am on game day and were conducted to Cauthorn Hall on the OAC campus for photographs and a team meal. The grounds were crowded with fans, with more than 500 people paying 10 cents each to attend. The game was reckoned as the largest crowd to ever view a sporting event in Corvallis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 92], "content_span": [93, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 1: vs. Albany College\nThe game began at 2 pm, with Albany receiving the ball but quickly losing possession, followed by the first touchdown, scored by halfback Brady Burnett after only four minutes had been played. The game that followed proved to be a route, with the Aggies posting a 42-0 lead at halftime. The Albany squad was so demoralized by the drubbing that three players would not take the field in the second half, with these non-participants replaced by OAC substitute players for the duration of the game. The final score in the contest was 64-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 92], "content_span": [93, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 1: vs. Albany College\nDespite the outcome, the Albany team held no ill-will towards their gridiron betters, with one individual close to the Albany team opining in the local press:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 92], "content_span": [93, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0005-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 1: vs. Albany College\n\"The football team was well treated, with all the word implies. The Agricultural fellows showed every courtesy and bent every energy to make our stay in their city pleasant and profitable. Fairness in the game and gentility elsewhere must be placed to the credit of the young men of Corvallis.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 92], "content_span": [93, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0006-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 2: at Oregon State Normal School\nThe Aggies extended their record to 2-0 with a victory on Friday, November 17, 1893 over Oregon State Normal School, playing in bad weather before a scant crowd of about 300 fans in Monmouth, Oregon. Right halfback Brady Burnett was again the most effective offensive weapon for the Aggies as he ran the ball effectively behind the stout right side of the offensive line, with one observer noting that OAC \"outplayed their opponents in every particular\" by making use of \"scientific playing\" while the Monmouths \"relied upon their muscle.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 103], "content_span": [104, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0007-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 2: at Oregon State Normal School\nOSNS ran the ball effectively behind a \"rolling wedge,\" with their halfbacks Bilyeu and Brodie both credited with outstanding games rushing the football. An early OAC score and conversion was answered by Monmouth's Bilyeu, who scored a four-point touchdown, with the subsequent kick for two-points after touchdown failing to leave the score OAC 6, OSNS 4. The teams traded scores with the score standing Aggies 18, Monmouths 10 as the 45-minute first half came to a close.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 103], "content_span": [104, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0008-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 2: at Oregon State Normal School\nA ten-minute intermission followed, with the spectators spending their time cheering and blowing horns in anticipation of second half action.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 103], "content_span": [104, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0009-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 2: at Oregon State Normal School\nMonmouth received the ball to open the second half and drove it the length of the field in six minutes, scoring a 4-point touchdown and 2-point conversion kick to cut the Aggies' lead to 18-16. The Monmouth team could not hold, however, with the Aggies quickly answering with a Brady Burnett run around end to score his fourth touchdown of the day, extending the lead to 24-16. Yet another Burnett touchdown followed, a 100-yard run coming on a reverse play in which his backfield mate Nash ran the ball one way before handing it off to Burnett, who streaked around end in the other direction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 103], "content_span": [104, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0010-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 2: at Oregon State Normal School\nFollowing another OSNS touchdown to make the score 30-22, Captain Brady Burnett scored an astounding sixth touchdown for the Aggies to cap the scoring at 36-22, with his score coming at the 34 minute mark of the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 103], "content_span": [104, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0011-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 2: at Oregon State Normal School\nFollowing the game the two teams shared a meal at the OSNS dining hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 103], "content_span": [104, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0012-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 3: vs. Oregon State Normal School\nFour weeks after their resounding victory at Monmouth, Oregon Agricultural College and Oregon State Normal School met in Corvallis for a rematch. The game, poorly documented in the local press, was won 28-0 by the home team Aggies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 104], "content_span": [105, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0013-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 3: vs. Oregon State Normal School\nThe game would be the last of Fall term at the college, with OAC finishing at the top of the \"Oregon League\" standings with a record of 3-0. Pacific University, the other Oregon school playing football in 1893, hit the break with a record of 2-0, while Monmouth closed at 0-4. The Albany program was wrecked by their initial disaster in Corvallis, tapping out of further action at the break with a record of 0-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 104], "content_span": [105, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0014-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 4: vs. Multnomah Athletic Club second team\nEarly in January 1894, the Aggies football team received a challenge from the Multnomah Athletic Club \"Juniors\" (second team). A game was hastily scheduled for Friday, January 19, with the actual date contest later moved back one day to Saturday, January 20. As the home team, the Aggies were responsible for the traveling expenses of the Portland squad, with a sum of $100 agreed upon. Of this amount, a collection from professors of the school raised $30, with the remaining $70 to be generated by gate receipts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 113], "content_span": [114, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0015-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 4: vs. Multnomah Athletic Club second team\nThe Multnomah Athletic Club arrived at 1 pm on game day aboard a special Oregon Pacific Railroad train sent down from Portland. The team was received at the station and taken to a dormitory where they were served lunch. Both teams entered the muddy field at 2:45 pm to begin the contest, which ultimately kicked off at 2:52 pm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 113], "content_span": [114, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0016-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 4: vs. Multnomah Athletic Club second team\nNeither team could move the ball in the first half, with the Aggies gaining the best opportunity when they took over the ball on the Multnomahs' 20 yard line after the visitors turned over the ball on downs. As the Aggies drove toward the end zone, fullback R.W. Terrell fumbled the ball. Multnomah Athletic recovered but were driven into their own end zone for a two-point safety, with Aggie quarterback Will Bloss making the tackle. So the score stood at the end of the 30-minute first half: Oregon Agricultural College 2, Multnomah Athletic Club Juniors 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 113], "content_span": [114, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0017-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 4: vs. Multnomah Athletic Club second team\nThe OAC college band and the Telescope String Band of Albany entertained the crowd during the intermission, with horns and other noisemakers in evidence in the crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 113], "content_span": [114, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0018-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 4: vs. Multnomah Athletic Club second team\nDuring the second half the Aggies received the ball and drove down the field, with quarterback Will Bloss popping one run for a twenty yard gain. Mixing their runs left, right, and center, the Aggies pushed the ball to the five yard line, which provided an opportunity for Captain Burnett to score the only touchdown of the game. The four points made the score 6-0, but Aggie kicker Desborough's effort for two points after touchdown sailed wide of the goalposts, keeping the Multnomahs in a one-score game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 113], "content_span": [114, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0019-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 4: vs. Multnomah Athletic Club second team\nEither side could move the ball against the other for the rest of the game, with Multnomah Athletic Club running out of time at the end of the game with the ball on the Aggies' fifteen yard line. Every courtesy had been allowed \u2014 the half had already been extended eight minutes to give the visitors a chance to score. Four Aggie players \u2014 Bloss, Burnett, Nash, and Small \u2014 played every play of the entire 60-minute game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 113], "content_span": [114, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0020-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 5: vs. Covallis Athletic Association\nFresh off their victory over the Multnomah Athletic Club junior team, on January 23 team manager Will Bloss announced that he was in receipt of a letter from the Multnomah Athletic Club senior team accepting the Aggies' challenge to play a game. The game between the Aggies and the Multnomah AC first team was tentatively scheduled for February 3. It was additionally announced that local football fans had raised $200 to purchase a silver trophy to award the OAC team for having won the state championship of the 1893-94 season. Tiffany of New York was contracted for the manufacture of the honorary silver cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 107], "content_span": [108, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0021-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 5: vs. Covallis Athletic Association\nTime proved to be too short to organize such a major event, however, so instead OAC did battle on February 3 against a newly  organized team of young Corvallis men who were not affiliated with the college. Between two and three hundred people were in attendance to see the Aggies rout the upstart Corvallis team by a score of 36-0. About $20 was raised at the gate \u2014 money which was used to enclose the field in wire to keep back overwrought spectators who had crowded the field during previous contests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 107], "content_span": [108, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0022-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 6: at Portland University\nThe final game of the 1893-94 football season took place on February 24, 1894 on the road against Portland University, a fledgling Methodist private college started in 1891 following a split from Willamette University. Going into the game with a record of 5 wins and no losses, the OAC team and their backers were brimming with confidence over the prospect of an easy victory against an over-matched foe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 96], "content_span": [97, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0022-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 6: at Portland University\nOAC's focus was on bigger fish, a challenge having been issued to play Stanford University in the spring, with a local judge offering the Aggie team a $500 cash prize for a victory over their California counterparts. Overconfident and lacking focus, the team walked into the first \"trap game\" in school history, suffering a stunning loss in stumptown, falling 26-12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 96], "content_span": [97, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0023-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Game 6: at Portland University\nThe anticipated road game against Stanford never materialized and Oregon Agricultural College finished their inaugural season with a record of 5 wins and 1 defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 96], "content_span": [97, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0024-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Roster\nThe starting 11 for the November 11, 1893, debut of collegiate football at OAC were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 56], "content_span": [57, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029981-0025-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Roster\n(Note: Players played both offensively and defensively in this era, as with soccer, rugby, or basketball.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 56], "content_span": [57, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029982-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Ottawa Hockey Club season\nThe 1893\u201394 Ottawa Hockey Club season was the club's ninth season of play. The Club would play in the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada (AHAC) and the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) leagues. Ottawa tied for first in the AHAC championship and played Montreal for the Stanley Cup. Ottawa was about to play the OHA semi-final, but in a dispute with the OHA executive, refused to travel to Toronto to play the final, and left the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029982-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Ottawa Hockey Club season, OHA season\nSeveral days before a scheduled match with Queen's to determine the eastern team in the OHA final, the OHA notified Ottawa that the final would be held in Toronto. The Ottawa Hockey Club demanded that the final be played in Ottawa to make up for the default of the Toronto Granites the previous year. The OHA executive refused to change the plans for Ottawa to play in Toronto and the Ottawa club resigned, leaving Queen's as the eastern team in the final. The OHA executive accepted the resignation on February 25, 1894, in a letter to Secretary Murphy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029982-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Ottawa Hockey Club season, OHA season\nThis started a rift between the Ottawa and Ontario hockey associations that would last over 70 years. An Ottawa team would not be a member of any OHA league until the Ottawa 67s would join the OHA Junior 'A' in 1967, 73 years later. As of 2014, teams in the Ottawa area play in the Ottawa District Hockey Association, the successor of the Ottawa City Hockey League, and not affiliated with the Ontario association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029982-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Ottawa Hockey Club season, AHAC season\nOttawa returned to play in the AHAC and tied for first place. What was unusual was that they shared first place with three other clubs. The executive of the AHAC proposed a playoff between all four teams, held in Montreal. Quebec city objected to the fact that no games were in Quebec city. Ottawa received a bye to the final because it had to travel to Montreal to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 46], "content_span": [47, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029983-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1893\u201394 season was the 20th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029983-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 23 competitive matches during the 1893\u201394 season. They finished a lowly fourth in the Scottish League Division One with only 8 wins from 18 matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029983-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nHowever, the club did win the Scottish Cup after being Celtic in the final by 3\u20131. Hugh McCreadie opened the scoring in the 55th minute then Barker and John McPherson added to the tally in the following thirteen minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029984-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1893\u201394 Rugby Union County Championship was the sixth edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029984-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Rugby Union County Championship\nYorkshire won the competition for the fifth time, defeating all three teams in the Championship Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029985-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Scottish Cup\nThe 1893\u201394 Scottish Cup was the 21st season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The Cup was won by Rangers when they beat Celtic 3\u20131 in the final. It was the first Scottish Cup final between the two Glasgow clubs, whose dominance of the domestic game and 'old firm' rivalry were yet to be established \u2013 indeed this was the first time Rangers lifted the trophy in their third appearance at that stage (and their first since the 1870s); for Celtic it was a third defeat in four finals, all within the past six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029986-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Scottish Districts season\nThe 1893\u201394 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029986-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe Glasgow Herald makes the mistake of assuming every Inter-City fixture was an annual fixture in its report; in concluding that the Inter-City Glasgow - Edinburgh match started in 1858.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029986-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Scottish Districts season, History\nThe East v West match was scheduled for February 1894. However it was played, as normal, at the end of January.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029986-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Scottish Districts season, History\nA joint Glasgow-Edinburgh side was selected for the first time. The team was to play a Rest Of Scotland side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029986-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Scottish Districts season, History\nIt was noted that the weather was so bad for the South v Cumberland match that few spectators turned up; and the pitch was almost unplayable. In addition two South players were replaced, as the first team players of Gala and Melrose were not represented at all: Renwick, the reserve Gala half-back; and McGregor, the captain of Gala Thistle had to be called in. These players evidently replaced Frater of Melrose and Dalgleish of Gala.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029986-0005-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Scottish Districts season, Results, English matches\nSouth of Scotland District: Smith (Langholm) (back). Grieve (Hawick), Tom Scott (Langholm), Crozier (Jedburgh), and W. Oliver (Jedburgh) (half-backs), Mabon and W. Oliver (Jedburgh) (three-quarter-backs). Dalgleish (Galashiels)*, Cairns (Langholm), Frater (Melrose)*, Elliot (Hawick), and Hunter, Douglas. Johnstone, and Rennilson (Jedburgh). [ *Replaced by Renwick (Gala) and McGregor (Gala Thistle)]Cumberland:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029987-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Scottish Division One\nThe 1893\u201394 Scottish Division One season was the first season in which the Scottish Football League had been split between two divisions. The league championship was won by Celtic, three points ahead of nearest rival Heart of Midlothian.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029988-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Scottish Division Two\nThe 1893\u201394 Scottish Division Two was the first season of play in the Scottish Football League Division Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029989-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Scottish Football League, Overview\nCeltic became Scottish Division One champions. Renton were relegated, Dundee and Leith Athletic re-elected to Division One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029989-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Scottish Football League, Overview\nClyde were elected to Division One, Hibernian and Cowlairs remained in the Scottish Division Two. Port Glasgow Athletic were docked seven points for fielding an ineligible player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029990-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Sheffield Shield season\nThe 1893\u201394 Sheffield Shield season was the second season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. The season took place between 15 December 1893 to 7 March 1894 and was contested by three teams. The competition would be won by South Australia who won three of their four matches. George Giffen scored the most runs in the competition with 526 runs while Charles Turner took the most wickets with 30.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029990-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Sheffield Shield season, Statistics, Most Runs\nGeorge Giffen scored the most runs for the 1893-94 season with 526 runs from eight innings which included 205 runs in the first innings of the game between South Australia and New South Wales at the Adelaide Oval. The remaining top three run scorers were also South Australians with Jack Lyons and Jack Reedman finishing second and third respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029990-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Sheffield Shield season, Statistics, Most wickets\nCharlie Turner took the most wickets for the 1893-94 season with 30 wickets from his three matches which two 10-wicket matches, both of them against New South Wales. Second place was Charlie McLeod from South Australia while Andrew Newell finished third as he recorded the best figures of the season against South Australia at the Adelaide Oval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season\nThe 1893\u201394 season was the 13th season of competitive association football and second season in the Football League played by Small Heath F.C., an English football club based in Birmingham. In 1892\u201393, the inaugural season of the Football League Second Division, Small Heath had won the divisional championship but failed to gain promotion via the test match system. This year, they finished as distant runners-up in the League, eight points behind Liverpool, but were successful in the test match, defeating Darwen 3\u20131 to confirm their place in the First Division for the 1894\u201395 Football League season. The club struggled financially during the season, and there were suggestions that it might have disbanded had promotion not been secured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season\nSmall Heath entered the 1893\u201394 FA Cup in the first round proper, and lost in that round for the second consecutive year, this time to the eventual losing finalists, Bolton Wanderers of the First Division. In local competitions, they were eliminated by Midland League club Loughborough in the first round of the Birmingham Senior Cup and by Wolverhampton Wanderers in the semi-final of the Mayor of Birmingham's Charity Cup. Small Heath played fewer friendly matches than in the previous season, instead competing in a regionally organised supplementary competition, the United Counties League, in which they finished third of four teams in the southern section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season\nSmall Heath used 23 different players in nationally organised competitive matches during the season and had 12 different goalscorers. Four players, Ted Devey, Fred Wheldon, Tommy Hands and Billy Ollis, appeared in every League match, all but Devey for the second consecutive season. The top scorer was inside-forward Frank Mobley with 25\u00a0goals \u2013 his total of 24\u00a0League goals made him the Second Division's leading scorer \u2013 and all five first-choice forwards reached double figures for the second season running.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nSmall Heath were elected to the newly formed Second Division in 1892, and went on to win the divisional championship. However, promotion to the First Division depended on the test match system, in which each of the lowest-ranked three teams from the First Division played off against one of the highest-ranked three from the Second Division. Small Heath lost to Newton Heath after a replay, so were not promoted. The League's Annual General Meeting heard proposals that the First Division be expanded to either 20 or 18 teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0003-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nBoth motions were, unsurprisingly, seconded by Small Heath, but both were defeated, thus confirming that the team would play in the Second Division for the 1893\u201394 season. The Second Division championship shield was presented to the club at a meeting of the Football League held at the Colonnade Hotel in New Street, Birmingham, in August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nOf the regular first-team members from the previous season, goalkeeper Chris Charsley, a serving police officer, was unavailable and full back Tom Bayley had been released. Fred Speller, who had suffered a badly broken leg early in the season, had been playing in practice matches and was believed to be back to full fitness. Fringe players Harry Edwards and Fred Jones had left the club, and Harry Morris had retired to concentrate on his plumbing business.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0004-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Background\nGoalkeeper George Hollis, backs Arthur Littleford, Bernard Pumfrey and George Short, half-backs Ted Devey, Caesar Jenkyns, Teddy Jolley and Billy Ollis, and forwards Jack Hallam, Tommy Hands, Frank Mobley, Billy Walton and Fred Wheldon all remained with the club. Newcomers included forwards Jack Lee, Charles Izon and Walter Jackson, all signed from non-league clubs in the West Midlands area. Alfred Jones continued as secretary-manager, and Caesar Jenkyns retained the captaincy. The team adopted a new kit, keeping the white knickerbockers but replacing the royal blue shirt and stockings with shirts in a lighter shade of blue, with navy collar trim, cuffs and pocket and navy stockings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0005-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\nSmall Heath opened their second season in the Football League with a visit to Walsall, who were playing at Wednesbury because their new ground was not yet ready. Former Small Heath full-back Tom Bayley was one of several newcomers for the hosts, but their visitors had few changes in personnel. Teddy Jolley came in at full-back, and replacing Billy Walton was Jack Lee, who \"dribbles cleverly, and is a very dangerous forward round goal\". In the presence of 4,000 spectators, Lee scored twice as Small Heath won 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0005-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\nFred Wheldon opened the scoring for Small Heath in the first 30\u00a0seconds of their next match, at home to Rotherham Town; 15\u00a0minutes later the visitors were 3\u20132 ahead, but by half-time the home side had regained the lead. Unsurprisingly the tempo dropped in the second half, but a game played in a \"friendly and sportsmanlike spirit\" was marred towards the end by Rotherham forward Alf Pickering suffering a fracture of his right leg just below the knee in an accidental collision with Bernard Pumfrey, \"the snap of the bone being heard all round the ground\". Initial reports suggested the break was such that he was \"almost certain\" never to play football again. This was followed by a comfortable 6\u20131 defeat of Burton Swifts, in which Jolley moved to inside right in Jack Hallam's absence through illness, giving Gilbert Smith his debut at full back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 901]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0006-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\nIn the return fixture against Walsall, Charles Izon, a well-built forward who \"is quick on the ball, and shoots excellently\", scored a hat-trick on his debut as Small Heath again won comfortably. A visit to Liverpool gave Caesar Jenkyns the honour of scoring the first Football League goal conceded by the home side, but the visitors \"fell all to pieces\" in the second half, and were decisively beaten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0006-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, September\nThe young and inexperienced Smith made mistakes that cost two goals, but the forwards \"were undoubtedly the weak spot\", and the Birmingham Daily Post's reporter suggested they would \"have to learn to shoot harder and play with far more spirit if they are to keep up the reputation they gained last season\". After Burslem Port Vale \"beat Small Heath on Monday in more decided a fashion than did Liverpool\", by five goals to nil, the poor form shown in the previous two matches by the forwards, and by Wheldon in particular, was much improved at Ardwick. Although Small Heath scored only once, the resultant win was enough to take them into October in second place in the division, having already completed a quarter of the 28-game league programme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 798]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0007-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, October\nSmall Heath came back from a 2\u20131 half-time deficit to beat Grimsby Town 5\u20132, but the visit of Liverpool was eventful in a rather different manner. After the referee rejected the Liverpool players' claim that Small Heath's equaliser had entered the goal through a hole in the side netting, their play became rough, culminating in centre-half Joe McQue, a \"strapping fellow\", kicking Frank Mobley in the abdomen, apparently intentionally. While the referee was cautioning McQue, Small Heath captain Caesar Jenkyns rushed in, knocked McQue to the ground, and was sent off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0007-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, October\nWith a man advantage, it still took Liverpool until the stroke of time to score the winning goal. The Post's reporter suggested that, despite the provocation, Jenkyns should not have reacted the way he did, but \"the knowledge that it cost his side the game\" was sufficient punishment. Despite the referee in his report agreeing that \"the punishment of being sent off would meet case\", and that Jenkyns had \"played a perfectly fair game\" and had expressed regret at his actions, both when dismissed and after the game, the Football Association imposed a four-week suspension, to begin on 31 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0008-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, October\nIn the meantime the play of Jenkyns and his fellow half-backs was instrumental in a 4\u20131 defeat of Woolwich Arsenal. The first half hour was played \"in a spiritless fashion\", but then Wheldon scored \"a fine goal with one of his characteristic shots\", and the remainder of the game was one-sided. The Small Heath team prepared for their match at Newcastle United by taking the train as far as York on the Friday evening, which left only another 70 miles (110\u00a0km) for the day of the match. Contrary to expectation, Small Heath were successful in a \"hard game\", with the half-backs again influential despite Jenkyns receiving a \"nasty blow in the mouth\". They ended October level on points with three other clubs, in third place on goal average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 790]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0009-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, November\nWhile most of the Second Division clubs were involved in FA Cup qualifying ties, Small Heath, who had received a bye to the first round proper, lost a friendly match against Everton's reserve team by five goals to nil. Everton's near neighbours Liverpool complained to the League that the game adversely affected the attendance at their home fixture with Newcastle, but the League confirmed that Everton were within their rights to arrange the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0009-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, November\n\"Better forward play [had] rarely been witnessed at Lincoln than that shown by Small Heath\" in a 5\u20132 defeat of Lincoln City, whose defence failed to cope with the industry and creativity of Teddy Jolley feeding the \"light but nimble\" forwards, Mobley in particular. The next weekend, numerous matches were postponed or abandoned because of the weather. Although the Small Heath and Crewe Alexandra players were changed and ready to play, the referee would not start the game because the \"blinding snowstorm would prevent him from having a proper sight of the play\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0010-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, November\nAdvertised as a \"Grand League Match\" in the local paper \u2013 vying for attention with the forthcoming Sailors' Bazaar, a Boys' Brigade band concert and a clearance sale of squirrel-tail fur boas \u2013 Small Heath's visit to Middlesbrough Ironopolis failed to live up to the billing. A storm that cost hundreds of lives at sea had left the Paradise Ground with damaged railings and grandstand blown down, and only a few hundred spectators stood in the pouring rain to see the home side produce a surprise victory by three goals to nil on a sodden pitch. The Leicester Chronicle feared \"that last year's second division champions are far from being what they were\", having dropped as many points already as in the whole of the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0011-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, December\nJenkyns returned from suspension against a Northwich Victoria side bottom of the division and playing with only ten men. Wheldon scored four and Mobley three in an 8\u20130 win, and the goalscoring continued in midweek in the fixture postponed because of the snowstorm, as Small Heath beat a Crewe Alexandra side without several first-choice players by six goals to one. Burton Swifts proved more difficult opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0011-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, December\nOn a heavy pitch, play was concentrated in the midfield area as the strength of both teams lay in their half backs, and Small Heath's winning goal came with ten minutes of the match remaining. It was reported that the club had turned down a big offer from First Division club Aston Villa for the services of Fred Wheldon. Newcastle United travelled to Birmingham on the Friday, to be fresh for Saturday's match, as Small Heath had done in the reverse fixture, and again, the tactic worked. Their forwards \"displayed excellent combination\", were \"splendidly supported by the half-backs\", and \"but for [Jenkyns'] untiring efforts matters would have been worse\" than the 4\u20131 defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0012-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, December\nChanges were made for the visit of Middlesbrough Ironopolis, Arthur Littleford, Charles Izon and Bernard Pumfrey coming in for Smith, Mobley and Jack Hallam. The half-backs were again the backbone of the team, and Wheldon, who produced \"a brilliant exposition of dodging and shooting\", scored the winning goal five minutes from time in what the Standard's reporter described as a \"rattling good game\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0012-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, December\nFred Speller was reported to have \"not been seen in such form since his leg was broken last year\" in a Boxing Day friendly with top amateur club Marlow, the club from which he signed for Small Heath. Their last League match of 1893, a comfortable 6\u20130 victory against Lincoln City, took them into the new year in second place in the division, three points ahead of Notts County but two points behind Liverpool, who had played two fewer matches. Pumfrey strengthened the defence, George Hollis was as usual secure in goal, and the forwards, with the returning Mobley and the introduction of reserve-team player Walter Jackson, \"showed better combination and greater dash than they have recently done\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0013-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\nOn New Year's Day, Small Heath made the short trip to Wellington Road for a friendly with Aston Villa. After a dull and goalless first half, Tommy Hands crossed the ball for Wheldon to open the scoring, from which point goals followed regularly until the match finished as a 4\u20133 home win. Wheldon was involved in two of his side's three goals, but was \"too closely watched by Reynolds to be as effective as usual\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0013-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\nOn a day when the hard and slippery surface meant \"those teams whose players have the least regard for the safety of their limbs usually gain the victory\", Small Heath, without Hallam, who was unwell, and William Reynolds, injured against Aston Villa, defeated a \"very indifferent\" Northwich Victoria 7\u20130. In their next match, at Crewe Alexandra, the home players reportedly played \"with supreme indifference to the safety of their opponents' limbs\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0013-0002", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\nHands, who had been one of Small Heath's better performers, was carried off after receiving a \"nasty kick\" to the leg, but despite having to play with ten men, the visitors won 5\u20133. Of Crewe's three goals, the first should have been disallowed for offside and the third was a Ted Devey own goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0014-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\nMidland League club Loughborough hosted Small Heath in the first round of the Birmingham Senior Cup. In heavy rain, the scores were level until ten minutes from time, when goalkeeper George Hollis was barged into the goal before he could get to a shot from distance. The ball followed him over the line, and despite the obstruction on the goalkeeper, the referee awarded Loughborough a goal. Small Heath threw men forward in search of an equaliser, which left them ill-protected in defence, and they conceded twice more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0014-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, January\nIn the FA Cup, Small Heath were drawn at home to Bolton Wanderers, who were so keen to have the match played on their own ground that they offered Small Heath the total gate receipts up to \u00a3150 and a half share of receipts above that figure, with a minimum guarantee of \u00a360, to agree to a change of venue. The offer was declined. Bolton were predicted to lose, but they did not. With the wind behind them, Small Heath took a two-goal half-time lead, but in the second half, Hollis, who had \"not given a worse display in goal all season\", made numerous mistakes, gifted the visitors two goals, and the final score was 4\u20133 to the First Division side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0015-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, February\nThird-placed Notts County beat Small Heath 3\u20131 to narrow the gap between the clubs to just one point. Charles Partridge, making his Football League debut after Hollis was taken ill, played behind an experimental defensive pairing of half-back Ted Devey and reserve-team player George Short. Despite the scoreline, the Nottinghamshire Guardian described them as \"a very useful pair of backs\", although not up to the home team's standard, and the Daily Post rated Devey as \"easily the best left-back the club have played this season\". Two of Notts' goals were fortunate: an attempted clearance by Devey ricocheted off Jenkyns' head for their second goal, and for their third, the ball appeared to be heading safely over the crossbar until caught by a gust of wind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 812]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0016-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, February\nEight Midlands clubs formed a league to be played as a supplementary competition to fill vacant dates in the season without the trouble and expense of arranging friendly matches, later joined by Small Heath and Notts County. Small Heath's first four matches in this United Counties League were played in February. After \"a creditable draw\" at home to Wolverhampton Wanderers of the First Division, they \"thoroughly deserved\" to win the return match 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0016-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, February\nWest Bromwich Albion took a 5\u20131 lead in the first half at Coventry Road, yet in the second, the Small Heath forwards raised their level of performance, scored three times without reply, and were unfortunate not to secure a draw. Two days later, the First Division club won the return match at Stoney Lane rather more comfortably.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0017-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, February\nThe committee organised a public meeting at which chairman Walter Hart bemoaned the poor attendances, which he felt would not improve unless the team were promoted to the First Division, mentioned that the club had rejected a \"big offer from a neighbouring club for the release of a prominent player\", and called for \u00a3200 to be raised to bring in players to strengthen the team's defence. A collection in the hall raised cash and pledges to the value of \u00a342\u00a010s, and supporters contributed generously to the public appeal. An attempt to sign full-back Jack Oliver from Middlesbrough Ironopolis was unsuccessful, and the club offered the services of goalkeeper Chris Charsley to Aston Villa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0018-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, March\nIn front of a large crowd, Small Heath suffered what was described as an \"unfortunate\" one-goal defeat at Grimsby Town. Hollis should have done better with Grimsby's opener, Frank Mobley was injured around the eye in collision with the goalkeeper when scoring Small Heath's only goal and showed some bravery in remaining on the field, and Wheldon had an apparently valid goal disallowed. Short, in a \"trifle risky\" style, and the solid Devey again did well in defence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0018-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, March\nLost gate receipts because of Aston Villa's withdrawal from the United Counties League was decidedly unpopular with the other members, and the Small Heath committee arranged a smoking concert to raise funds. Those clubs at the bottom of the First Division and top of the Second were all recruiting new players: \"the test matches mean such a lot to the clubs concerned that there is no wonder at this anxiety to secure new blood.\" Small Heath acquired the services of full-backs Percy Watson and William Purves, from Rotherham Town and Irish club Glentoran respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0019-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, March\nThe Small Heath club staged a \"double-header\" the following Saturday. After the reserves beat Brierley Hill Alliance 3\u20130 in the Birmingham & District League, Watson made a promising debut at back as the first team played a friendly against a below-strength Nottingham Forest side. Charsley returned to first-team duty in a 10\u20132 demolition of Ardwick, whose goalkeeper arrived with his team already one goal behind. Mobley's fourth hat-trick gave him ten goals from his last six matches, taking him past the 20-goal mark for the season. A close game at Rotherham produced a 3\u20132 win, and against Burslem Port Vale, the Small Heath forwards had \"rarely been seen to greater advantage\" as they scored six without reply.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0020-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, March\nThe semi-final of the Birmingham Charity Cup provided a break from League action. Mobley opened the scoring, but Wolverhampton Wanderers shot against the woodwork on several occasions and the visitors were \"singularly fortunate\" in restricting the home side to one goal, and that a penalty kick. With the scores level, a decision was made not to play extra time, and the replay was arranged for two weeks later at Coventry Road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0020-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, March\nIn their penultimate match of the Football League season, Small Heath produced a good team performance to win 4\u20131 at Woolwich Arsenal and reach 100 League goals for the season. The forwards played a characteristic \"beautifully combined\" game, the half-backs, particularly Jenkyns, were too strong for the home forwards, Purves looked set to be the full-back the team had needed for some time, and Charsley \"kept goal exceedingly well\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0021-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nAgainst Stoke in the United Counties League, Jack Hallam opened the scoring after a fine passing move as Small Heath won 3\u20130. In the return fixture, Charles Partridge's \"magnificent performance\" in goal kept the score down to a 2\u20131 defeat, as Small Heath finished third in the four-team division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0022-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nGoing into the last match of the Football League season, Small Heath were in second place in the division, one point ahead of opponents Notts County. Neither could challenge Liverpool for the title, but both were sure of their places in the promotion test matches. The likely opponent for the team finishing second would be Darwen, whereas the third-placed team could expect the rather tougher prospect of Preston North End. Notts County had won the FA Cup the previous weekend, and the Daily Post took that as a good omen, \"inasmuch as the winners of the English Cup rarely do themselves justice on the following Saturday\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0023-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nNor did they, being \"decidedly stale\", according to the Nottinghamshire Guardian, having \"been indulged in all manner of festivities\", and without centre-forward Jimmy Logan, who had scored a hat-trick in the Cup Final. Small Heath were decisive victors by three goals to nil, Hallam's wing play drawing particular praise, as did Jenkyns' \"admirable captaincy\". The attendance was something over 8,000, of whom 6,800 paid on the day, generating gate receipts of \u00a3200. Although the result was rather overshadowed by Aston Villa beating Burnley away from home to be confirmed as First Division champions, the Dart clearly appreciated how Small Heath \"in a blaze of glory before the largest crowd ever seen at Coventry Road, gave the English Cup holders a licking\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0024-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nHandicapped early on by George Short suffering concussion and being unable to continue, Small Heath lost the replayed Charity Cup semi-final to Wolverhampton Wanderers 2\u20130. Fred Wheldon was the only Second Division player selected in the Football League representative team to play the Scottish League at Goodison Park, Liverpool. Expected to join Aston Villa should Small Heath not be promoted, and \"thought by many to be the best inside left in England\", Wheldon \"performed like the clever and finished player he is\" as the match was drawn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0025-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nThe Leicester Chronicle felt that Darwen would have to \"play up\" to stand much chance against Small Heath, who had \"a smarter set of forwards than can be found amongst most of the first division teams\", and pointed out that Small Heath were the only team in either division to have scored 100 goals during the season. The players prepared for the test match at Droitwich Spa, where the saturated salt water of the Brine Baths provided relief for tired muscles. The match, played at Stoke's Victoria Ground, was an exciting one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0025-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nDarwen had much the best of the first half, but failed to take their chances. Small Heath were restricted to rare attacks, but were dangerous on the break, and opened the scoring through Jack Hallam. Darwen equalised before the interval, and continued their dominance until superior fitness told. With six minutes left, Small Heath took the lead, the goal variously attributed to Wheldon or an Orr own goal, after which Darwen lost heart and Tommy Hands scored again four minutes later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0025-0002", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nThe Daily Post suggested that \"one would scarcely believe that they were the same five forwards who have so often delighted the spectators with their play at Coventry Road\", but \"to every man [of the defence] great praise is due for so ably checking the opposing forwards\". The Nottinghamshire Guardian was less critical of the forwards, but took the view that Small Heath were fortunate to catch Darwen \"in a very crippled condition\", and that goalkeeper Chris Charsley had done the club a considerable service in making himself available for such a vital game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0026-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Review, April\nThe victorious team arrived back in Birmingham by train, the engine's funnel draped in the players' blue and white kit, to be greeted by 1,000 supporters at New Street Station. Interviewed 55 years later, Billy Walton remembered how \"We were rushed pell mell into a coach and, followed by others, we paraded the streets calling at what seemed to be every hotel and pub en route. I almost regret to say that when the celebrations ended it was necessary to engage hansom cabs to convey our players to their homes.\" The season ended with a friendly against newly crowned Football League champions Aston Villa, the visitors giving their services free for the benefit of the Small Heath club. Before a crowd of four or five thousand, both clubs fielded strong sides, and the match finished as a 3\u20133 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 846]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0027-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nThe Daily Post's pleasure at Small Heath's victory was heightened by their belief that \"defeat would in all probability have meant the disbanding of the club\", ambitions of promotion having sustained the committee's efforts throughout the season to raise enough funds to keep the club going. They pointed out that further expense was necessary both to strengthen the team, \"for it cannot be expected that eleven or twelve men will stand the strain of a season's work amongst the first division clubs\", and to improve facilities at the Coventry Road ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0027-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nThe club held a celebratory dinner, at which the chairman congratulated the players, exhorted them to redouble their efforts to make a decent showing in the First Division, and appealed to their continuing loyalty. He attempted to dispel suggestions that the city could not support two teams in the top division, and expressed gratitude to the Aston Villa club for their sincere best wishes as demonstrated by their generous donation of the recent benefit match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0027-0002", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nThe balance sheet showed expenditure of \u00a32,039, of which players' wages accounted for \u00a31,303, which resulted in a net loss of \u00a3222 when set against income of \u00a31,816, of which \u00a31,586 came from gate receipts and \u00a3104 from season tickets. Nevertheless, during the close season the club began work on a grandstand and \"the furrows on the field of play [were] filled up\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0028-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nSmall Heath went through the League season without drawing a match. They scored 103 goals, at a rate of 3.6\u00a0goals per game, and became the first team to exceed 100 goals in a Football League season (Sunderland scored exactly 100 the previous season). If test match goals are counted, all five first-choice forwards reached double figures for the second consecutive season. The leading scorer was Frank Mobley with 24 League goals, a total which also made him the top scorer in the Second Division, closely followed by Fred Wheldon with 22. Ted Devey, Tommy Hands, Billy Ollis and Wheldon were ever-present in the League, all but Devey for the second season running, and Caesar Jenkyns missed only the two games for which he was suspended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0029-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nFred Speller attempted a comeback, appearing twice for the first team early in the season, but the injury received against Darwen proved the end of his professional football career. Bernard Pumfrey left for Midland League club Gainsborough Trinity, and went on to captain that club in the Football League. Walter Jackson, William Reynolds and Gilbert Smith were all released to join Birmingham & District League club Berwick Rangers, and Percy Watson returned to his native Yorkshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0029-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath\nChris Charsley played no more League football, concentrating instead on his police career: he reached the rank of Chief Inspector in the Birmingham force, and in 1899 was appointed Chief Constable of Coventry. Small Heath signed the former Sunderland full back Jack Oliver, whom they had failed to recruit earlier in the season, but despite the misgivings of the local press, they were to negotiate their debut First Division season with no other major signings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0030-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Match details\nFor consistency, attendances and goalscorers' names in the League, Test Match and FA Cup match details tables are sourced from Matthews' Complete Record. Information in contemporary newspaper reports could, and often did, differ. League positions are sourced from 11v11.com.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029991-0031-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Small Heath F.C. season, Squad statistics\nThis table includes appearances and goals in nationally organised competitions \u2013 the Football League, including promotion test matches, and FA Cup \u2013 only. For a description of the playing positions, see Formation (association football)#2\u20133\u20135 (Pyramid).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029992-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 St. Mary's F.C. season\nThe 1893\u201394 season was the ninth since the foundation of St. Mary's F.C. based in Southampton in southern England. For the third consecutive year, the club were eliminated in the second qualifying round of the FA Cup; they were also defeated in the final of the Hampshire Senior Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029992-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nHaving embraced professionalism in the previous season, the club recruited two players from The Football League in the summer of 1893: Jack Angus from Ardwick and Harry Offer, who had previously been with Royal Arsenal. The season started well, with four consecutive victories in friendly matches, including a 9\u20132 victory over Christchurch (in which Angus scored four) on 22 September and a 7\u20130 victory over the Royal Engineers two weeks later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029992-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nIn the FA Cup an easy victory over Uxbridge was followed by defeat at Reading. Two days after the cup defeat, St. Mary's entertained Bolton Wanderers with the Football League side demonstrating their superiority with an emphatic 5\u20130 victory. This was the only defeat before Christmas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029992-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nIn the New Year, a series of injuries, including to full-back Ginger Price and captain George Carter, led to a fall off in form. In the Hampshire Senior Cup, the holders Freemantle were defeated at the second attempt in the semi-final (in which Angus was sent off) leading to the final, where St. Mary's lost to a team from the Royal Engineers. In the final, Price's replacement, Rowthorn, suffered serious internal injuries, thus ending his football career. Shortly afterwards, St. Mary's recruited a replacement full-back, when they signed Lachie Thomson from Stoke. Thomson was the first of several players to be recruited from Stoke; he would be joined by six of his former Stoke colleagues by October 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029992-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nAlso injured in the final was long-term goalkeeper Ralph Ruffell whose playing career was ended by a dislocated knee-cap. Ruffell was the sole remaining player from the eleven who had played the club's inaugural match in November 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029992-0005-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nSt. Mary's gained some compensation for their failure in the Hampshire Senior Cup, when they won the Hampshire County Cricket Club Charity Cup. Charles Miller, who was still studying in the town, played in all three matches in this cup; these were his final competitive appearances before returning to his native Brazil, where he introduced football and became known as the \"father\" of Brazilian football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029992-0006-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nDuring the 1893\u201394 season, the Saints arranged a match under \"Well's Patent\" lights, but it was called off due to bad weather; it would be another 60 years before Southampton played their first match under floodlights. At the end of the season, the Saints were able to report a \"profit\" of over \u00a385 \u2014 gate receipts and subscriptions had produced income of \u00a3768, with expenses of \u00a3683 including wages of \u00a3221 and rent for the Antelope Ground of \u00a342.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029992-0007-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season\nIn June 1894, St. Mary's Church, who owned the freehold of the Antelope Ground, were short of funds and decided that the ground should be sold. They offered it to the Town Council for \u00a35,000 but this was declined. There was a brief half-hearted campaign to persuade the Saints to purchase the freehold, but the club could not afford it but instead considered a permanent move to the County Ground. Ultimately, this all came to nothing and the Saints remained at the Antelope Ground for the start of the next, historic season, when they would play league football for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029992-0008-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 St. Mary's F.C. season, FA Cup\nAs in the two previous seasons, St. Mary's exited the FA Cup in the Second Qualifying Round. After a straightforward victory over Uxbridge in the First Qualifying Round, the Saints were drawn against Reading who had gone through at the Saints' expense in controversial circumstances two years earlier. The Saints were not able to gain revenge, however, and were defeated 2\u20131. Reading went on to defeat Swindon Town in the next qualifying round to enter the First Round Proper for the first time where they visited Preston North End, losing 18\u20130, with Frank Becton and Jimmy Ross each scoring six goals. This remains Reading's worst-ever defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029992-0009-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nHaving exited the FA Cup in November, St. Mary's only realistic hope for a significant trophy was in the Hampshire Senior Cup. After defeating Cowes in the first round, they were drawn against the holders, local rivals Freemantle in the semi-final. St. Mary's were looking to gain revenge for their controversial defeat in the 1893 final and the match attracted great interest in the town with the crowd at the County Ground being reported as \"larger than for the final the previous year\". St. Mary's were without full-back Ginger Price and captain George Carter, both of whom were injured with their places being filled by Rowthorn and \"Banquo\" Stride respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029992-0010-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nThe first match ended in a 1\u20131 draw so the teams met again three weeks later. Despite having Jack Angus sent off for an \"over zealous\" tackle (thus becoming the first St. Mary's player to be dismissed) and Freemantle having a shot hit the crossbar, St. Mary's won the replay 2\u20131 to set up the final with the Royal Engineers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029992-0011-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup\nWith Angus not being able to play, and Carter and Price still injured, the Saints fielded a weakened side in the final. Things got worse when Rowthorn was injured after only five minutes with serious internal injuries which ended his football career. Midway through the second half, the St. Mary's goalkeeper Ralph Ruffell suffered a dislocated kneecap, thus reducing St. Mary's to nine players. In the circumstances, to lose the final by only a single goal was a \"creditable\" result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029992-0012-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 St. Mary's F.C. season, Friendly matches\nIn the absence of a local league structure, St. Mary's continued to arrange friendly matches against military sides and club sides from around the country. Three teams from The Football League visited the Antelope Ground: Bolton Wanderers won 5\u20130 on 23 November and Stoke won 3\u20132 in the final match of the season, on 25 April 1894. On 13 January, the Saints entertained, and defeated, Woolwich Arsenal for the third consecutive year with Angus and Nineham both scoring twice, with the Gunners only able to score twice in reply. Other large victories included those over Christchurch (9\u20132), Royal Engineers (7\u20130) and \"Cameronians\" (6\u20131).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029992-0013-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 St. Mary's F.C. season, Friendly matches\nIn all, St. Mary's played 23 friendlies, with 13 wins, four draws and six defeats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029992-0014-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 St. Mary's F.C. season, Player statistics\nThe players who appeared in any of the four Cup tournaments were as follows. This list does not include players who only played in friendly matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029993-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Stoke F.C. season\nThe 1893\u201394 season was Stoke's fifth season in the Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029993-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Stoke F.C. season\nStoke finished the season in 11th position after picking up 29 points of which 27 were claimed at the Victoria Ground. Indeed, Stoke's home form of 1893\u201394 was excellent with 13 wins from 15 but their away from was terrible as they failed to win any away game during the season. Stoke also competed in the short lived United Counties League which was won on goal average by West Bromwich Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029993-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nIn 1893\u201394 the Stoke side was broken up with Alf Underwood, Bill Rowley and Ted Evans all losing their first choice status. Eleventh place in the table was achieved, thanks in main to an excellent home record of 13 wins from 15. The only defeat in front of their own fans came shortly after Christmas when Wolverhampton Wanderers won 3\u20130 whilst eventual champions Aston Villa were held 3\u20133 in the other game. As their home form was good Stoke's away from was awful picking up just two points and conceded 62 goals on their travels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029993-0002-0001", "contents": "1893\u201394 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nIndeed, from 1 April 1893 to 17 March 1895 not one away win was gained and by coincidence it was Sheffield Wednesday whom Stoke beat on each occasion at the start and at the end of that dismal run. There was tragedy during the season as young defender Jack Proctor fell ill with pneumonia and died at the age of 22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029993-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League\nStoke also competed in the United Counties League this season which involved two groups of four teams playing each other twice and the winners of each group playing each other to win the title. Stoke finished 2nd in their group behind West Bromwich Albion on goal average. West Brom went on to lose to Derby County in the final. The tournament failed to get the supporters in through the gates and after just one season the United Counties League was scrapped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029993-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nSeason 1893\u201394 also saw one of Stoke's best FA Cup displays since they entered the competition in 1883. Competing in gale-force winds, they knocked out Everton 1\u20130 with a Joe Schofield goal in the final minute of the match. The Stoke players were praised by watching reporters for making the match highly entertaining in difficult conditions. Alas they went out in the next round defeated by Sheffield Wednesday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029994-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 United Counties League\nThe 1894 United Counties League was a competition between West Midland, East Midland and Sheffield Clubs. It was won by Derby County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029994-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 United Counties League, Format\nThe competition was organised as two separate leagues with the winner of each league playing each other in a final to determine the overall winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029994-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 United Counties League, Format\nGroup A contained four teams, Small Heath, Stoke, West Bromwich Albion and Wolverhampton Wanderers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029994-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 United Counties League, Format\nGroup B contained five teams, Derby County, Nottingham Forest, Notts County, Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029994-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 United Counties League, 1894 Competition, Final\nCharlie Perry is credited in some reports as scoring for West Bromwich Albion in the first match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029995-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Welsh Amateur Cup\nThe 1893\u201394 Welsh Amateur Cup was the fourth season of the Welsh Amateur Cup. The cup was won by Mold Red Stars who defeated Wrockwardine Wood 4-3 in the final, at Stansty Park, Wrexham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029996-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Woolwich Arsenal F.C. season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029997-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe 1893 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming during the 1893 college football season. In its first season of college football, the team played only one game, defeating Cheyenne High School by a 14\u20130 score. Fred Hess was the team's coach. There was no team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029998-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in English football\nThe 1893\u201394 season was the 23rd season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029998-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in English football, Events\nAston Villa won their first top-flight league title, beating Sunderland by 6 points. Villa's captain John Devey was the league's top-goal scorer with 20 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029998-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in English football, Events\nThe 1893\u201394 season saw four of the most famous teams in English footballing history join the Second Division: Liverpool, Newcastle United, Manchester City, and the first team based in London, Woolwich Arsenal (later Arsenal). Other teams to join the expanded Second Division of 15 teams were Middlesbrough Ironopolis and Rotherham Town. Middlesbrough Ironopolis disbanded at the end of the season, having only completed one season in the Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029998-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in English football, Events\nLiverpool had the most successful season of all the new league clubs, winning the Second Division title and sealing promotion to the First Division by beating Newton Heath in the relegation/promotion test match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029998-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in English football, National team, Ireland\nEngland took a team of professionals to Belfast for the 1894 British Home Championship against Ireland on 3 March 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029998-0005-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in English football, National team, Ireland\nJoe Reader (West Bromwich Albion) made his solitary England appearance in goal, whilst Henry Chippendale (Blackburn Rovers) earned his single cap at outside right, with his club team-mate Jimmy Whitehead earning his second, and last, cap alongside him. The other d\u00e9butante was Jimmy Crabtree of Burnley at full-back, who went on to play a total of 14 games for England over the next 8 years. The remainder of the team were experienced internationals, including three members of Aston Villa's championship winning team (Jack Reynolds, John Devey and Dennis Hodgetts) and were expected to secure a comfortable victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029998-0006-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in English football, National team, Ireland\nDespite losing Robert Holmes with an injury after 20 minutes, England took a 2\u20130 lead by the 55th minute with goals from John Devey and Fred Spiksley. Ireland rallied, however, and with goals in the 70th and 87th minutes, pegged England back to a 2\u20132 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029998-0007-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in English football, National team, Wales\nFor the match against Wales at Wrexham on 12 March 1894 the selectors decided to field a team consisting entirely of players with Corinthian connections, including three players making their international d\u00e9but. Lewis Vaughan Lodge (Cambridge University) made the first of five appearances at right back; Lodge was an accomplished county cricketer with Hampshire and Durham. Arthur Topham (Casuals), a schoolteacher who had gained a University of Oxford blue, made his solitary England appearance at left half, whilst his brother, Robert made his second, and final, appearance at outside right. The third d\u00e9butante was John Veitch of Old Westminsters, who played at centre forward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029998-0008-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in English football, National team, Wales\nWales opened the scoring after 10 minutes, but by half-time England had taken the lead with a goal from John Veitch and an own goal from Everton's Charlie Parry. Veitch scored again early in the second half and completed his hat-trick in the 80th minute, thus joining a select band to score a hat-trick on his d\u00e9but. The fifth goal came from Robert Cunliffe Gosling as England ran out comfortable 5\u20131 victors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029998-0009-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in English football, National team, Scotland\nThe final match of the 1894 British Home Championship was against Scotland on 7 April 1894. England needed to secure a victory in order to retain the Championship for the fifth consecutive year. The match was played at Celtic Park, Glasgow and attracted a world record attendance for a full International of 45,107. The selectors chose an experienced eleven, with the only newcomer being Ernest Needham, the hard-tackling Sheffield United half back; \"Nudger\" Needham went on to make 16 England appearances over the next 8 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029998-0010-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in English football, National team, Scotland\nScotland opened the scoring after 7 minutes, with a quick reply coming from John Goodall. England managed to keep the Scottish forwards at bay until the 75-minute, when Sandy McMahon was able to get through the England defence. (In 1901, McMahon was one of two players to put four goals past Ireland in an 11\u20130 victory for the Scots.) England equalized through Jack Reynolds with five minutes remaining and managed to hold on for a 2\u20132 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029998-0011-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in English football, National team, Scotland\nThe result meant that Scotland won the British Home Championship for the fifth time outright \u2013 plus two shared with England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029998-0012-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029999-0000-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in Scottish football\n1893\u201394 in Scottish football was the 21st season of competitive football in Scotland and the fourth season of Scottish league football. For the first time there were two divisions in the Scottish Football League, there was no automatic promotion and relegation but the bottom three clubs in Division One and the top three clubs in Division Two were subject to a vote of the remaining First Division clubs. This season also saw the introduction of the Highland Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029999-0001-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in Scottish football, Scottish Division One\nCeltic became Scottish Division One champions for the second year in a row, after defeating Rangers 3\u20132 at Celtic Park on 24 February 1894. Renton were relegated, Dundee and Leith Athletic re-elected to Division One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029999-0002-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in Scottish football, Scottish Division Two\nClyde were elected to Division One, Hibernian and Cowlairs remained in the Scottish Division Two. Port Glasgow Athletic were docked seven points for fielding an ineligible player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029999-0003-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup\nRangers were winners of the Scottish Cup after a 3\u20131 victory over rivals Celtic in an Old Firm final at Hampden Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029999-0004-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in Scottish football, Junior Cup\nAshfield were winners of the Junior Cup after a 3\u20130 win over Renfrew V.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00029999-0005-0000", "contents": "1893\u201394 in Scottish football, Scotland national team\nScotland were winners of the British Home Championship in 1894 after pipping England to the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030000-0000-0000", "contents": "1894\n1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar\u00a0and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1894th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 894th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 94th  year of the 19th\u00a0century, and the  5th   year of the 1890s decade. As of the start of 1894, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030001-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 AHAC season\nThe 1894 Amateur Hockey Association of Canada season lasted from January 5 until March 10. Montreal HC would win the league and Canadian championship for the seventh season in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030001-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 AHAC season, Season, Highlights\nIn two games players scored five goals. In the opening game, in which Montreal soundly defeated Quebec 7\u20130, Haviland Routh scored five. On January 20, H. Russell of Ottawa scored five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030001-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 AHAC season, Playoffs\nThe first Stanley Cup playoff game occurred on March 17, 1894. At the end of the 1894 AHAC season, four teams tied for the AHA championship with records of 5\u20133\u20130. This created problems for the AHA governors and the Cup's trustees since there was no tie-breaking system in place. After long negotiation and the withdrawal of Quebec from the championship situation, it was decided that a three-team tournament would take place in Montreal, with Ottawa getting a bye to the finals (being the sole \"road\" team). The Montreal HC defeated the Montreal Victorias, 3 \u2013 2. Five days later on March 22, 1894, Montreal successfully defended their title with a 3 \u2013 1 win over Ottawa. The OHA champion Osgoode Hall challenged for the Cup, but this was abandoned due to the lack of natural ice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 807]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030001-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 AHAC season, Playoffs, Game one: Montreal Hockey Club vs. Montreal Victorias\nIce conditions were described as not very good. The game was considered exciting, however, with Haviland Routh and Billy Barlow starring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 81], "content_span": [82, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030001-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 AHAC season, Playoffs, Game two: Ottawa Hockey Club vs. Montreal Hockey Club\nThe final was close and in doubt until Billy Barlow scored the winning goal at 9'00\" of the third quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 81], "content_span": [82, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030001-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 AHAC season, Player statistics, Goaltending averages\nNote: GP = Games played, GA = Goals against, SO = Shutouts, GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 57], "content_span": [58, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030002-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Aberdare Urban District Council election\nThe first election to the Aberdare Urban District Council was held in December 1894. It was followed by the 1896 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030002-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Aberdare Urban District Council election\nThere were five wards, namely Aberaman (also known as No. 5 Ward), Blaengwawr (also known as No. 4 Ward), Gadlys (also known as No. 2 Ward), Llwydcoed (also known as No. 1 Ward), and the Town Ward (also known as No. 3 Ward). Three members were elected from each ward making a total of fifteen members on the authority. In subsequent elections a third of the council would be elected each year. Therefore, the members returned at the head of the poll would serve until 1898, those in second place until 1897 and those in third place until 1896. Rhys Hopkin Rhys, chair of the previous Local Board of Health became the first chairman of the Urban District Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030003-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Alabama Crimson White football team\nThe 1894 Alabama Crimson White football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\" or \"Bama\") represented the University of Alabama in the 1894 college football season. The team was led by head coach Eli Abbott, in his second season, and played their home games at Lakeview Park in Birmingham, Alabama. In what was the third season of Alabama football, the team finished with a record of three wins and one loss (3\u20131).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030003-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Alabama Crimson White football team\nAfter a winless season in 1893, Abbott returned as a player-coach and led the 1894 squad. Alabama opened the season with a loss against Ole Miss in what was their first game ever played outside the state of Alabama. The Crimson White then rebounded and won their final three games. After a victory over Tulane at New Orleans, Alabama returned to Birmingham where they defeated Sewanee in their only home game of the season. They then closed the year with their first all-time win over Auburn at Montgomery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030003-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Alabama Crimson White football team, Preseason\nFor the 1894 season, Eli Abbott returned as head coach and the team sought to improve upon their winless record of 1893. In October 1894, the Birmingham Age-Herald noted the squad was considerably heavier and more conditioned for the season than in the previous year, and as such predicted Alabama would have a successful season. At that time, the initial schedule was also announced and included games against both Vanderbilt on November 5 and North Carolina on November 19, but neither game was ever played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030003-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Alabama Crimson White football team, Game summaries, Ole Miss\nIn what was the first ever game played outside the state of Alabama, in their first all-time game against long-time rival Ole Miss, Alabama lost 6\u20130 at Jackson, Mississippi. In a game dominated by both defenses, the only points of the game came on an Ole Miss touchdown run by William Cook in the first half. This game was notable for also being the first college football game played at Jackson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 66], "content_span": [67, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030003-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Alabama Crimson White football team, Game summaries, Tulane\nAfter a loss against Mississippi to open the season, Alabama made their first trip to Louisiana and played future conference rival Tulane for the first time and won the game at Sportsmen's Park in New Orleans 18\u20136. Eli Abbott scored for Alabama first and gave the Crimsons a 4\u20130 at the end of the first half. Tulane then took a 6\u20134 lead early in the second half when James Buchanan scored on a touchdown run and Edward Nelson kicked the point after attempt. Alabama responded with three more Abbott touchdown runs and a single conversion from William Walker and won the game 18\u20136. The first score came on a 30-yard punt return, the second on a 10-yard run and the third on a five-yard run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030003-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Alabama Crimson White football team, Game summaries, Sewanee\nAfter losing to Sewanee in their previous contest, Alabama won 24\u20134 in the rematch. After Sewanee took an early 4\u20130 lead, Alabama tied the game later in the first half when Samuel Slone scored on a 40-yard touchdown run. After Eli Abbott scored on a touchdown run early in the second half to give Alabama their first lead 8\u20134, Slone scored again on a 25-yard run. M. H. Bankhead and C. C. Nesmith each scored touchdowns late and Allen McCants converted both PATs for the Alabama 24\u20134 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030003-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Alabama Crimson White football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nAt Riverside Park in Montgomery, Alabama defeated the Agricultural & Mechanical College of Alabama (now known as Auburn University) 18\u20130 for their first victory in the Iron Bowl. After a defensive struggle early in the game, Alabama scored their first touchdown on a J. E. Shelly run and Allen McCants kicked the PAT to give the Crimsons a 6\u20130 halftime lead. Eli Abbott then scored both second half touchdowns on runs of three and 75-yards and McCants converted both PATs to give Alabama the 18\u20130 win. Played on Thanksgiving, over 4,000 people were in attendance at the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 64], "content_span": [65, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030003-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 Alabama Crimson White football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1894 football team according to the roster published in the 1895 edition of The Corolla, the University of Alabama yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030004-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on August 6, 1894, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030005-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Albion football team\nThe 1894 Albion football team was an American football team that represented Albion College in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA) during the 1894 college football season. Under first-year head coach Walter B. Gage, Albion won the MIAA championship, with victories over Hillsdale and Olivet and a victory over Notre Dame in their Thanksgiving Day game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030005-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Albion football team, Second team schedule\nAlbion's second team was organized in early October. They were managed by W. F. Kendrick and captained by Frank Mulholland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 47], "content_span": [48, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030006-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1894 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the eighth staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. Dublin were the champions in the first replayed final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030006-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, All-Ireland Final\nNote that, at the time, a goal was worth five points, so the first game was a draw: 6 points each. Cork led the replay 7 points to 5 when the Dublin team walked off the field after Cork supporters assaulted their players. As Cork were deemed responsible for the incident,  Dublin were awarded the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 73], "content_span": [74, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030007-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1894 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the seventh All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1894 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030007-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe first game was a draw, 0-6 to 1-1 (at the time, a goal equalled five points) and so a replay was played. With ten minutes remaining, and Cork leading by 1-2 to 0-5 (seven points to five), several Dublin players were attacked by Cork supporters. Dublin refused to play on and the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) Central Council awarded them the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030007-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe Cork County Board never accepted this finding and four months later a ceremony was held to award gold medals to the victorius Nil Desperandum players (in those days each county was represented by the previous years' county champions). At the ceremony the Lord Mayor of Cork said that he \"was positively certain that the Dublin Gaels always recognised the merits of the Nils, and now hailed them as winners of the Football Championship for '94.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030007-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe final went into the records books however as Dublin's third All-Ireland football title of the 1890s, they won three more that decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030008-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1894 was the eighth series of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition. Cork won the championship, beating Dublin in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030008-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nDublin (Rapparees) and Kilkenny (Confederation) were the only teams to enter the Leinster championship. They both automatically qualified for the provincial final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030008-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nFour teams, Cork (Blackrock), Kerry (Kilmoyley), Limerick and Tipperary (Drombane), contested the Munster championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030008-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nThere were no provincial championships in either Connacht or Ulster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030008-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format\nSemi-finals: (2 matches) The four participating teams make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the two winning teams advanced to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030008-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format\nFinal: (1 match) The two semi-final winners contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the All-Ireland final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030008-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format\nFinal: (1 match) The winners of the Munster championship play Dublin, the sole representatives of the Leinster championship, who received a bye to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030009-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1894 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 7th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1894 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Clonturk Park, Dublin, on 24 March 1895 between Cork, represented by club side Blackrock, and Dublin, represented by club side Rapparees. The Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 5-20 to 2-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030010-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Amherst football team\nThe 1894 Amherst football team represented Amherst College during the 1894 college football season. One of the sport's best known historians, Parke H. Davis, was coach of the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030011-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1894 Primera Divisi\u00f3n was the 3rd season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 15 and ended on September 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030011-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe championship was won by Lomas Athletic, that become the first team to retain the league title. The runner-up was Rosario A.C., which made its debut at the tournament along with Retiro A.C. Most of the results of the games and the goals scored information have been lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030011-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe English High School club dissolved so the team did not take part of the tournament although its players joined Lan\u00fas A.C. and Lobos, which registered to the Association. St. Andrew's, the first Argentine champion, returned to the League. Buenos Aires and Rosario Railway left the tournament soon after it had started.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030012-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Arkansas Industrial Cardinals football team\nThe 1894 Arkansas Industrial Cardinals football team represented the University of Arkansas during the 1894 college football season. On November 29, 1894 (Thanksgiving Day), and after playing two games in October against Fort Smith High School, Arkansas Industrial played its first inter-collegiate football game against Texas Longhorns of the University of Texas. The game was played in Austin, Texas, before a crowd of 1,500 persons. Texas easily defeated Arkansas by a 54 to 0 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030012-0000-0001", "contents": "1894 Arkansas Industrial Cardinals football team\nThe starting lineup in the Texas game was: H. D. Moore (right end); Campbell (right tackle); Braswell (right guard); James (center rush); Rogers (left guard); Kobel (left tackle); Mook (left end); Lindsay (quarterback); McDaniel (right halfback); Hayden (left halfback); and Ward (fullback). Professor John C. Futrall was the team's 21-year-old \"manager\". At the beginning of his tenure, Futrall was a recent graduate of the school. He later served as the university's president for 25 years from 1894 until his death in 1939.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030013-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on September 3, 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030013-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor William Meade Fishback did not stand for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030013-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nDemocratic nominee James Paul Clarke defeated Republican nominee Harmon L. Remmel and Populist nominee David E. Barker with 58.91% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030014-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1894 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1894 college football season. In their first season under head coach Harmon S. Graves, the Cadets compiled a 3\u20132 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 95 to 22. The Army\u2013Navy Game was not played in 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030014-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Army Cadets football team\nNo Army Cadets were honored on the 1894 College Football All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030015-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Atalanti earthquakes\nThe first of the 1894 Atalanti earthquakes occurred on 20 April 1894 at 16:52 UTC, with a magnitude of 6.4 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of X on the Mercalli intensity scale. It was followed seven days later on 27 April at 19:42 UTC by the second, with a magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum intensity of X. These two earthquakes caused widespread damage in the Locris area, causing a total of 255 deaths. More literature on these destructive events can be seen in the references section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030016-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1894 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and the first half of fall in 1894. The 1894 season was a fairly inactive one, with seven storms forming, five of which became hurricanes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030016-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nA tropical storm formed between Cuba and Jamaica on June 6. It moved westward, remaining weak until dissipating on June 9 over the Yucat\u00e1n Channel. No damage or deaths were reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030016-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nThe second storm formed on August 5 in the Gulf of Mexico and drifted northward. After reaching a peak of 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h), it hit southern Alabama on August 8. It turned to the west-northwest, and dissipated on August 9, bringing very heavy rainfall and tornadoes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030016-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nA tropical storm developed on August 30 and lasted until September 9. It formed between Africa and South America, east of the Lesser Antilles. It stayed out at sea and did not hit any land. It dissipated in the North Atlantic. Its maximum sustained winds were at 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030016-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nOn September 18 a tropical storm was first observed and lasted until September 30. It formed to the east-southeast of the Lesser Antilles. It hit the Lesser Antilles and then the Greater Antilles, later curving north and striking near Punta Rassa, Florida, with winds up to 105\u00a0mph (169\u00a0km/h). It then went back out to sea and hit South Carolina, tracked through North Carolina, and then made its way out to sea, where it eventually dissipated. On September\u00a020, as the storm passed through the Lesser Antilles, it produced heavy rains and high winds over several islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030016-0004-0001", "contents": "1894 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nOn Martinique, high winds and continuous, torrential rains impacted the island. Despite the intensity of the storm, there were no reports of damage in the Lesser Antilles. In Hispaniola, more than 500 homes and two churches were destroyed; numerous other structures sustained damage, mainly having their roofs blown off. The cyclone produced heavy rainfall in Florida, including 13.78 inches (350.01\u00a0mm) over a 54-hour period at Tampa; at Titusville, 7.72 inches (196.09\u00a0mm) fell in two days. Jacksonville registered a storm total of 11.11 inches (282.19\u00a0mm).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030016-0004-0002", "contents": "1894 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nIn southeast Florida, a bridge on the Lake Worth Lagoon was swept away and thousands of dead fish beached at Jupiter, but otherwise only gale-force winds and occurred and damage was insignificant. The ship Jella was stranded at Hillsboro Inlet and the Emily II sank off Key West with a loss of all her crew. Many wine caskets and other debris were found on the beaches between the New River and the Lake Worth Lagoon. In all, the cyclone was responsible for an estimated 200\u00a0deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030016-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five\nThe Florida Panhandle Hurricane of 1894 The fifth storm formed on October 1 and lasted until October 12. It formed to the northwest of the Panama Canal, tracked northwest, and struck the Florida Panhandle with winds of 120\u00a0mph (190\u00a0km/h), equivalent to a major hurricane on the Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane scale. It tracked through Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, and Canada. The hurricane caused about $1,000,000 in damage (1894 USD). 10 people were killed and 15 injured in New York City when winds blew a partially constructed building onto a tenement. A girl died in her bed in Englewood, New Jersey, when the roof of her house collapsed upon her. Trees and telegraph wires were blown down and boats stranded in the New York City area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030016-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nA tropical storm formed on October 11 southeast of the Lesser Antilles as a tropical storm. It traveled north through the Lesser Antilles and later peaked with winds of 130\u00a0mph (210\u00a0km/h) and an atmospheric pressure of 27.50 inches of mercury (931.26\u00a0mb) over the open Atlantic waters several hundred miles north of Puerto Rico. Continuing to head out to sea, the hurricane weakened, and was last plotted on October 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 54], "content_span": [55, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030016-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven\nThe final storm formed on October 21 and lasted until October 31. It formed far north of the Lesser Antilles and traveled westward towards the Bahamas, but then swerved northeast and out to sea, threatening no land. Its maximum sustained winds peaked at 100\u00a0mph (161\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030017-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Auburn Tigers football team\nThe 1894 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1894 college football season. It was the Tigers' third overall season and they competed as an independent. The team was led by head coach Forrest M. Hall, in his first and only year as head coach of the Tigers. They finished with a record of one win and three losses (1\u20133). While the team had a losing record and outscored their opponents 106\u201348, the squad has the distinction of achieving the largest win in Auburn history, defeating Georgia Tech 94\u20130 on November 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030018-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Australian shearers' strike\nAfter the 1890 Australian maritime dispute and the 1891 Australian shearers' strike both of which were long, drawn out affairs in which trade unions were defeated, running out of funds, actions by increasingly militant and desperate unions led up to perhaps the most violent shearers' strike, in 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030018-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Australian shearers' strike\nParticularly due to falling wool prices in London, pastoralists were motivated to cut pay rates and hire non-union labour, which was plentiful due to mass unemployment during the 1890s depression. In May 1894, the Amalgamated Workers Union rose to the defence of the shearers' wages .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030018-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Australian shearers' strike\nBy October 1894 the Queensland Amalgamated Workers Union conceded defeat and called off the strike in the colony of Queensland. However, the strike continued in New South Wales, where possibly 16,000 workers gathered in strike camps. Police were mobilised against them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030018-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Australian shearers' strike\nThe most famous incident during the strike was the burning and sinking of the steamer Rodney, which was transporting non-union labour up the Darling River. When the boat was moored in a swamp 23 miles (37\u00a0km) above Pooncarie, a few miles above the Moorara shearing shed, unionists boarded, took control, offloaded all passengers, then soaked the hold in kerosene and set it alight. The burning boat drifted away and sank after several hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030018-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Australian shearers' strike\nIn September 1894, on Dagworth Station, north-west of Winton), striking shearers fired their rifles and pistols in the air, setting fire to the woolshed. The owner of the homestead and three policemen gave chase to a man named Samuel Hoffmeister \u2013 also known as \"French(y)\". Rather than be captured, Hoffmeister shot and killed himself at the Combo Waterhole. It has been widely accepted that the lyrics of Waltzing Matilda are based the incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030019-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Baltimore Orioles F.C. season\nThe 1894 Baltimore Orioles F.C. season was the club's first and only season of existence, participating in the American League of Professional Football, an offseason soccer league established by National League owners to maintain brand relevance. The club was owned and affiliated by the baseball club of the same name.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030019-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Baltimore Orioles F.C. season\nDuring the 1894 season, the Orioles played only four matches, winning all four of them. Baltimore scored 24 goals and conceded only three. All four of their matches, however, were against the Washington Senators F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030020-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Baltimore Orioles season\nThe Baltimore Orioles won their first National League pennant in 1894. They won 24 of their last 25 games. After the regular season's conclusion, the Orioles participated in the first Temple Cup competition against the second-place New York Giants. The Orioles lost to the Giants in a sweep, four games to none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030020-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Baltimore Orioles season\nThe Orioles roster contained six future Hall of Famers: Wilbert Robinson, John McGraw, Dan Brouthers, Hughie Jennings, Wee Willie Keeler and Joe Kelley. Every man in their starting line up hit .300 for the season. They bunted, hit-and-ran, Baltimore chopped, backed up throws, cut off throws, and had pitchers cover first. They also deadened balls by icing them, tilted baselines so bunts would roll fair, and put soap around the mound so opposing pitchers would get slippery fingers if he tried to dry his hands in the dirt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030020-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030020-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030020-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030020-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030020-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030021-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Bathurst colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of Bathurst in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 14 August 1894 because Sydney Smith (Free Trade) had been appointed Secretary for Mines and Agriculture in the Reid ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and four ministers were re-elected unopposed, James Brunker (East Maitland), Joseph Carruthers (St George), Jacob Garrard (Sherbrooke) and James Young (The Manning). A poll was required in Bathurst, Hartley (Joseph Cook), Singleton (Albert Gould) and Sydney-King (George Reid) however all were comfortably re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030022-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Belgian general election\nFull general elections were held in Belgium on 14 October 1894, with run-off elections held on 21 October 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030022-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Belgian general election\nThe elections followed several major reforms: they were the first held under universal male suffrage for those over the age of 25. This followed the abolition of tax qualifications, and increased the number of voters tenfold. Voting was also made compulsory. Provincial senators were introduced in addition to the existing directly elected ones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030022-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Belgian general election\nThe electoral reforms were implemented in 1893 under the Catholic government led by Auguste Beernaert, who had been in power for nearly ten years, but who resigned because his proposal for proportional representation was rejected. A government led by Jules de Burlet took over in March 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030022-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Belgian general election\nThe result was a victory for the Catholic Party, which won all seats in every Flemish arrondissement, in Brussels and in seven rural Walloon arrondissements, giving a total of 104 of the 152 seats in the Chamber of Representatives. The Belgian Labour Party gained parliamentary representation for the first time, winning all seats of Mons, Soignies, Charleroi, Verviers, 6 seats in Li\u00e8ge and one in Namur. Meanwhile, the Liberal Party, despite receiving more votes than the socialists, won only 20 seats and thus lost two-thirds of its seats. This was caused by the concentration of socialists in industrial Walloon areas, compared to the dispersed presence of liberal voters throughout the country. This highlighted the need for a proportional system, which would eventually be introduced in 1899.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030022-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Belgian general election, Results, Senate\n76 senators (half the number of representatives) were directly elected and 26 senators were chosen by the provincial councils, giving a total of 102 senators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030022-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Belgian general election, Constituencies\nThe distribution of seats among the electoral districts was as follows for the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate. There were no changes in districts and seat distribution compared to the previous election, except for the introduction of provincial senators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030023-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Birthday Honours\nThe 1894 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published in the London Gazette on 25 May 1894. and in The Times on 26 May 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030023-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030023-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, Privy Councillor\nThe Queen appointed the following to Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 74], "content_span": [75, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030023-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, The Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB)\nThe following appointments to the Most Honourable Order of the Bath given in recognition of the services in the recent operations against Fodey Silah in Combo on the Gambia:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 136], "content_span": [137, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030024-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Boston Beaneaters season\nThe 1894 Boston Beaneaters season was the 24th season of the franchise. The team finished in third place in the National League with a record of 83\u201349, 8 games behind the Baltimore Orioles. They hold the MLB record for most runs scored in a single season by one team with 1,220, a stunning 9.24 runs per contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030024-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Boston Beaneaters season, Regular season\nThe Beaneaters' home park, the South End Grounds, was destroyed in a fire on May 15. The team played their home games at Congress Street Grounds until the rebuilt park opened on July 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030024-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030024-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030024-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030024-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030024-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030025-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Boston College football team\nThe 1894 Boston College football team was an American football team that represented Boston College during the 1894 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030026-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1894 occurred on Tuesday, December 11, 1894. Republican candidate Edwin Upton Curtis defeated Democratic candidate Francis Peabody Jr., and two other contenders, to win election as Mayor of Boston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030026-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Boston mayoral election\nThis was the last Boston mayoral election for a one-year term; the city charter was changed in June 1895, increasing the mayoral term to two years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030027-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Bourne Rural District Council election\nThe Bourne Rural District Council was established in 1894 and existed until 1931, when it was abolished and replaced with the South Kesteven Rural District Council. Councillors were elected to serve on it for three-year terms. The first elections took place in December 1894. There were 43 seats on the council. All divisions returned one member, except where stated below. No members were returned for three seats, leaving only 39 councillors in place for the RDC's first meeting on 3 January 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030027-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Bourne Rural District Council election, Results\nThe full list of nominations was reported in , Grantham Journal, 8 December 1894, p. 6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 52], "content_span": [53, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030027-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Bourne Rural District Council election, Aftermath\nThe first meeting of the newly elected council was held on 3 January 1895 and all but three members \u2013 Robert Agnew (Bourne), A. W. Dean (Dowsby) and D. J. Millington (Sempringham) \u2013 were present. Captain E. Smith (Horbling) acted as temporary chairman and the clerk read out instructions from the Local Government Board. The council then unanimously elected its first chairman, Thomas Pick, who was proposed by W. Hayes and seconded by J. Davenport-Handley. With Pick in the chair, the council then unanimously elected its first vice-chairman, W. Hayes, who was proposed by E. J. Grummitt and J. Worsdall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030028-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Brazilian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Brazil on 1 March 1894. The presidential election was won by Prudente de Morais of the Republican Party of S\u00e3o Paulo, who received 80.1% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030029-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Brigg by-election\nThe Brigg by-election of 1894 was held on 7 December 1894. The by-election was held due to the appointment of the incumbent Liberal MP, Samuel Danks Waddy as recorder of Sheffield. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Maunsell Richardson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030030-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 British Columbia general election\nThe 1894 British Columbia general election was held in 1894. The number of members remained at 33 with the number of ridings increased to 26 as a result of the partition of the Yale and Westminster ridings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030030-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 British Columbia general election, Political context, Non-party system\nThere were to be no political parties in the new province. The designations \"Government\" and \"Opposition\" and \"Independent\" (and variations on these) functioned in place of parties, but they were very loose and do not represent formal coalitions, more alignments of support during the campaign. \"Government\" meant in support of the current Premier; \"Opposition\" meant campaigning against him, and often enough the Opposition would win and immediately become the Government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030030-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 British Columbia general election, Political context, Non-party system\nAlthough Labour as a party had run candidates in previous election, this election saw the first victories by Labour candidates (in Nanaimo and Nanaimo City), and a \"Farmer\" candidate (in the second Nanaimo seat). As well a Labour-oriented Nationalist Party candidate was elected in Vancouver City - Robert Macpherson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030030-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 British Columbia general election, Political context, The Robson Government\nThe government of newspaperman John Robson received a mandate after assuming power the year before. Robson died in office in 1892, yielding to Theodore Davie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030030-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 British Columbia general election, Political context, Byelections not shown\nAny changes due to byelections are shown below the main table showing the theoretical composition of the House after the election. A final table showing the composition of the House at the dissolution of the Legislature at the end of this Parliament can be found below the byelections. The main table represents the immediate results of the election only, not changes in governing coalitions or eventual changes due to byelections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030030-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 British Columbia general election, Political context, List of ridings\nThe original ridings were thirteen in number, and Cowichan was restored to a two-member seat while Westminster (formerly New Westminster, actually the rural areas of the New Westminster Land District rather than the City of New Westminster, which was and continued to be represented by New Westminster City) was partitioned in four; Vancouver City was increased to three members from two while Cariboo was decreased to two from three. The Victoria, Nanaimo, West Kootenay and Lillooet ridings were partitioned also, and the Alberni and Cowichan ridings were combined into Cowichan-Alberni, which was a two-member seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030030-0005-0001", "contents": "1894 British Columbia general election, Political context, List of ridings\nIn addition the Nanaimo-area riding of The Islands which had appeared for the first time in 1890 election was no longer on the hustings, although it would re-appear again following the major redistribution that preceded the 1903 election. There were no political parties were not acceptable in the House by convention, though some members were openly partisan at the federal level (usually Conservative, although both Liberal and Labour allegiance were on display by some candidates).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030030-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 British Columbia general election, Political context, Polling conditions\nNatives (First Nations) and Chinese were disallowed from voting, although naturalized Kanakas (Hawaiian colonists) and American and West Indian blacks and certain others participated. The requirement that knowledge of English be spoken for balloting was discussed but not applied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030031-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Brooklyn Grooms season\nThe 1894 Brooklyn Grooms finished in fifth place in a crowded National League pennant race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030031-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030031-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030031-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts; CG = Complete games", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030031-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts; CG = Complete games", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030031-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030032-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1894 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University in the 1894 college football season. The team's coach was William G. Norton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030033-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Buchtel football team\nThe 1894 Buchtel football team represented Buchtel College (now Akron University) in the 1894 college football season. The team was led by second-year head coach John Heisman. They outscored their lone opponent Ohio State, 12\u20136, and finished with a record of 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030034-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Bulgarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 23 September 1894. Voter turnout was unusually high.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030035-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1894 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1894 college football season. The team competed as an independent under head coach Charles O. Gill and compiled a record of 0\u20131\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030036-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 California gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 California gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894, to elect the governor of California. This was the last election until 1938 in which a Democrat was elected Governor of California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030037-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Carlisle Indians football team\nThe 1894 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indians football team of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 1894 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030038-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Carmarthen Rural District Council election\nThe first election to the Carmarthen Rural District Council in Carmarthenshire, Wales was held in December 1894. It was followed by the 1898 election. The successful candidates were also elected to the Carmarthen Board of Guardians. In rural parishes, many councillors were returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030038-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Carmarthen Rural District Council election\nThe rural district included the parishes of Abergwili, Abernant, Cynwyl Elfed, Laugharne, Llanarthney, Llanddarog, Llandyfaelog, Llanddowror, Llanfihangel Abercowyn, Llangain, Llangyndeyrn, Llangynog (with Llandeilo Abercywyn), Llangynin, Llangunnor, Llanllawddog, Llanpumsaint, Llansteffan, Llanwinio, Merthyr, Meidrym, Newchurch, St Clears, St Ishmaels, and Trelech a'r Betws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030038-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Carmarthen Rural District Council election, Outcome\nThe majority of those elected to the first Rural District Council were farmers. Women were eligible to stand in contests for district councils, and in St Ishmaels, Elizabeth Mary Gwyn was successful by a small majority. Political affiliations were generally not declared during the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030038-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Carmarthen Rural District Council election, Outcome\nDue to \"a curious blunder\" no councillor was elected to represent the Llandawke and Llansadurnen ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030038-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Carmarthen Rural District Council election, The 1894-98 Council\nThe first meeting of the authority took place at the Shire Hall, Carmarthen on 29 December 1894. A vote was taken to elect a chairman, and John Phillips of Caerlleon, Llanwinio defeated David E. Stephens by sixteen votes to ten. Phillips was a prominent Liberal who was also a member of Carmarthenshire County Council. Stephens, in contrast, had stood unsuccessfully in county elections at Llangunnor in 1889 and Cynwyl Elfed in 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030038-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Carmarthen Rural District Council election, Ward Results, Llandyfaelog (one seat)\nIt was reported that the contest had been instigated after Rees defeated the local Independent minister, Evan Powell, at a parish meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 86], "content_span": [87, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030038-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Carmarthen Rural District Council election, Carmarthen Board of Guardians\nAll members of the District Council also served as members of Carmarthen Board of Guardians. In addition, six members were elected to represent the borough of Carmarthen. Edith Hancock was a member of a prominent Carmarthen family, being the daughter of David Archard Williams, incumbent of St David's Church for 37 years until his death in 1879", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 78], "content_span": [79, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030039-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Centenary Gentlemen football team\nThe 1894 Centenary Gentlemen football team was an American football team that represented the Centenary College of Louisiana as an independent during the 1894 college football season. In their first year while located at the Jackson, Louisiana campus, the team compiled an 0\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030040-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Centre football team\nThe 1894 Centre football team represented Centre College in the 1894 college football season. The head coach was Eugene Messler, coaching his first season with the Praying Colonels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030041-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Chicago Athletic Association football team\nThe 1894 Chicago Athletic Association football team represented the Chicago Athletic Association, or C. A. A., during the 1894 college football season. In Harry Cornish's second year with the athletic club, CAA compiled a  7\u20133\u20131 record, and outscored their opponents 129 to 118. The team played its home games at CAA Field, located on the corner of 35th Street and Wentworth Avenue, in Chicago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030041-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Chicago Athletic Association football team, Second team schedule\nThe CAA also operated a 2nd team, which played one known contest against the Chicago Maroons, and lost 20\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030042-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Chicago Colts season\nThe 1894 Chicago Colts season was the 23rd season of the Chicago Colts franchise, the 19th in the National League and the 2nd at West Side Park. The Colts finished eighth in the National League with a record of 57\u201375.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030042-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030042-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030042-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030042-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 65], "content_span": [66, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030042-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 66], "content_span": [67, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030043-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Chicago Maroons football team\nThe 1894 Chicago Maroons football team represented the University of Chicago during the 1894 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030044-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Chicago vs. Stanford football game\nThe 1894 Chicago vs. Stanford football game, played on December 25, 1894 was a college football game between the Chicago Maroons and Stanford. Chicago won 24 to 4. The game was played in San Francisco, California. It was the first postseason intersectional contest, foreshadowing the modern bowl game. Herbert Hoover was Stanford's student financial manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030044-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Chicago vs. Stanford football game, Game summary\nNeither team scored in the first half. Freshman Clarence Herschberger played well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030044-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Chicago vs. Stanford football game, Aftermath\nStanford won a rematch in Los Angeles on December 29 by 12 to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030045-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Cincinnati Reds season\nThe 1894 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished in tenth place in the National League with a record of 55\u201375, 35 games behind the Baltimore Orioles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030045-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nAfter a somewhat disappointing 1893 season, in which the Reds had a 65\u201363 record to finish in sixth place, the club was hoping to rebound in 1894. Player-manager Charles Comiskey would return to manage the team for a third season. During the off-season, the Reds acquired outfielder Dummy Hoy from the Washington Senators in a trade. Hoy had batted .245 with no home runs, 45 RBI, and 48 stolen bases with the Senators in 1893. Hoy led the National League in stolen bases with 82 while with the Washington Nationals in 1888.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030045-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nBug Holliday had a huge season for the Reds, hitting a team high .376 with a team record 123 RBI. He also hit thirteen home runs, which tied him with Jim Canavan, and had 126 runs. Canavan batted .275 and had 74 RBI to go with his thirteen homers. Hoy batted .304 with five home runs and 71 RBI while scoring 118 runs in his first season with Cincinnati. Bid McPhee hit .313 with five home runs and 93 RBI, while Arlie Latham also batted .313, hitting four home runs and collecting 60 RBI while stealing a team-high 62 bases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030045-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nThe Reds pitching staff struggled, as they had the worst ERA in the league at 5.99. Frank Dwyer led the team with a 19\u201321 record with a team best 5.07 ERA in 45 games, 39 of them starts. Tom Parrott was 17\u201319 with a 5.60 ERA in 41 games, while Ice Box Chamberlain was the only Cincinnati pitcher to have a winning record, as he was 10\u20139 with a 5.77 ERA in 23 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030045-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary\nAfter opening the season with three wins, the Reds lost eight of their next ten to fall to a 5\u20138 record and eighth place. Cincinnati responded with a four-game winning streak to bump themselves over .500, but fell into a slump and won only five of their next twenty-five games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030045-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary\nPitching was a problem, as during their slump, the team allowed over ten runs a game eight times, and twice allowed over twenty runs a game, which included a 20\u201311 loss to the Boston Beaneaters, and a 21\u20138 loss to the Philadelphia Phillies. Cincinnati went on an eleven-game winning streak to close within three games of the .500 level, and broke over the .500 level with a 39\u201338 record after winning eight in a row later in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030045-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary\nFrom that point on, however, the Reds were never a factor in the pennant race, as they were 16\u201337 over their last 53 games to finish the year with a dreadful 55\u201375 record, in tenth place, 35 games behind the Baltimore Orioles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030045-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030045-0008-0000", "contents": "1894 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030045-0009-0000", "contents": "1894 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030045-0010-0000", "contents": "1894 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030045-0011-0000", "contents": "1894 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030046-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Cincinnati football team\nThe 1894 Cincinnati football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1894 college football season. In their first season under head coach W. Durant Berry, the Bearcats compiled a 3\u20133 record. Berry was also the team captain. The team played its home games at Union Ball Park in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030047-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Cleveland Spiders season\nThe 1894 Cleveland Spiders finished with a 68\u201361 record, good for sixth place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030047-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030047-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030048-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Colgate football team\nThe 1894 Colgate football team represented Colgate University in the 1894 college football season. The team captain for the 1894 season was Spencer Ford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030049-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1894 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans for the 1894 college football season, as selected by Caspar Whitney for Harper's Weekly and the Walter Camp Football Foundation. Whitney began publishing his All-America Team in 1889, and his list, which was considered the official All-America Team, was published in Harper's Weekly from 1891 to 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030050-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Colonial Conference\nThe 1894 Colonial Conference was called by the government of Canada to continue discussion begun at the 1887 Colonial Conference on a proposal to lay a telegraph cable at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean to create a communications link between Canada and Australasia and, by extension, to the rest of the British Empire as part of what became referred to as the All Red Line network of cables throughout the Empire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030050-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Colonial Conference\nThe opening ceremonies were in the Senate Chamber in the Centre Block of the Canadian parliament buildings but day-to-day meetings occurred in the offices of the Minister of Trade and Commerce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030050-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Colonial Conference\nThe Earl of Jersey attended the conference as the representative of the British government and was instructed to listen and report back but not to make any commitments on behalf of the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030050-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Colonial Conference\nAll self-governing British colonies were invited to send delegates with the exception of Newfoundland Colony. Western Australia and Natal Colony did not send representatives due to domestic priorities. The colony of Fiji was also invited due to its geographical location on the proposed route of the cable but declined. Delegates were sent to the conference by Canada, New Zealand, the Australian self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria and the South African colony of Cape Colony. Unlike other colonial conference, the colonial delegates were cabinet ministers or legislators or government representatives rather than Prime Ministers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030050-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Colonial Conference\nResolutions were proposed to the conference and it was agreed that decisions would be made on the basis of \"one colony, one vote\" but the resolutions were not binding on the British government or the Colonial Office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030050-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Colonial Conference\nIn addition to discussing telecommunications issues, the conference also approved a resolution favouring preferential trade within the Empire, however, this resolution was opposed by Australia's largest colonies, New South Wales and Queensland, who were suspicious the Canadian initiative seemed designed to undermine Australia's protective tariffs. The proposal would be made again to the 1897 Colonial Conference but was not agreed to and would not be acted upon until the British Empire Economic Conference in 1932.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030050-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Colonial Conference, Participants\nThe conference was hosted by Canada with representatives of the governments of various colonies in attendance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030051-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Colorado Agricultural football team\nThe 1894 Colorado Agricultural football team represented Colorado Agricultural College (now known as Colorado State University) in the Colorado Football Association (CFA) during the 1894 college football season. In its rivalry game with Colorado, played on October 27 in Boulder, the team lost by a 67 to 0 score. The team had no coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030052-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Colorado Silver and Gold football team\nThe 1894 Colorado Silver and Gold football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1894 college football season. The season marked the program's first conference championship and first head coach, Harry Heller. The team recorded a record of 5\u20130 in the CFA and 8\u20131 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030053-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Colorado gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894. Republican nominee Albert McIntire defeated People's Party incumbent Davis Hanson Waite with 51.95% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030054-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894. Republican nominee Owen Vincent Coffin defeated Democratic nominee Ernest Cady with 54.18% of the vote. Coffin defeated Samuel E. Merwin in the Republican primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030055-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii\nThe 1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii was the fundamental law of the short-lived Republic of Hawaii before it was annexed by the United States. It was promulgated by a constitutional convention of 35 members: 19 from the Executive and Advisory Councils of the Provisional Government of Hawaii and 18 delegates elected by those who were eligible to do so. While based on the American system of government, there were several notable changes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030055-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii, Preparations for the constitutional convention\nWhen it was obvious that annexation to the United States would not be immediate, the Provisional Government decided to end their temporary form of government and establish a more permanent system of government. A resolution to elect a constitutional convention to draft a permanent constitution passed the Provisional Government on February 15, 1894, who appointed a committee to draft a law for it. That committee came back with a draft on March 8, which was passed into law a week later on March 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 91], "content_span": [92, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030055-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii, Preparations for the constitutional convention\nThe election was set for May 2, 1894. The method of election was changed from those of previous ones in Hawaii: each voter had as many votes as delegates his district were to choose, and could split them however they wish. Voters were required to be male and at least twenty years old, to have lived in Hawaii for at least a year and be a registered voter, to swear allegiance to the Provisional Government, to be \"of Hawaiian, American or European birth or descent\", and to have paid their taxes for 1893. Those who had not paid their taxes or resided in Hawaii for the required time could still vote, though, if they could prove they were soldiers, militiamen, or policemen on January 1, 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 91], "content_span": [92, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030055-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii, Preparations for the constitutional convention\nSome supporters of the Provisional Government, not to mention supporters of the Kingdom of Hawaii, opposed the allocation of delegates since it ensured members of the government would always have a majority. That opposition did not prompt any changes in the apportionment of delegates. Clubs supportive of annexation combined to form an American Union Party, which requested government endorsement but was denied as in their view it would be \"impolitic\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 91], "content_span": [92, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030055-0003-0001", "contents": "1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii, Preparations for the constitutional convention\nThe government also encouraged Native Hawaiians to register, and asked Albert S. Willis, the ambassador of the United States to Hawaii, to issue a statement that the monarchy was over; he refused because he stated he did not have the authority to do so. Portuguese on the islands were also enticed to vote by the promise that the oath to the Provisional Government would not affect their status as Portuguese citizens. In April 1894 the Provisional Government began to prepare a draft for the convention to consider when writing the final document.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 91], "content_span": [92, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030055-0003-0002", "contents": "1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii, Preparations for the constitutional convention\nEight to twelve people from Honolulu advised them, and Lorrin A. Thurston, Hawaiian minister to the US at the time, also sent in his thoughts on the matter. They also received many proposals from the United States, but discarded most of them because they did not consider them \"in line with existing circumstances\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 91], "content_span": [92, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030055-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii, Preparations for the constitutional convention\nThere was some competition, but no organized opposition parties, in the election. Against the wishes of the administration that government officials not be nominated, a judge was nominated in a Honolulu district, while another campaigned for the constitution to be ratified by popular vote, not just by the convention. A little more than four thousand people were reported to be registered, less than half the number of those registered for the preceding one. On the day of the election, 2,904 people voted, about three-quarters of those registered and 2.9 percent of the whole population of the islands. While people from many countries with many political views were elected, none were opposed to annexation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 91], "content_span": [92, 802]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030055-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii, The convention\nThe convention opened at 11 AM on May 30, 1894, at the legislative hall in the Judiciary Building. President Sanford B. Dole gave the opening address, in which he declared that the monarchy had come to its end by attempting to deprive the people of their rights. He also reminded the delegates that they had a \"difficult and delicate...duty...to perform. \", as the people of Hawaii came from many countries and were \"without a common origin, religion or purpose\". He stated voting was a duty, not a right, which only intelligent people could perform well, and recommended that only people who owned a certain amount of property should be allowed to vote, as in his view this would reflect intelligence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030055-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii, The convention\nAfter settling a dispute over whether one of its members had been lawfully elected, the Convention decided upon how it was to approve the constitution: there would be two readings, in each of which the constitution would be considered article by article. Later a third reading was added \"for purposes of revision only.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030055-0006-0001", "contents": "1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii, The convention\nThe first thirteen articles, relating to the rights of the people, were mostly passed by unanimous consent, but a clause banning advocacy for restoring the monarchy, violently overthrowing the government, or invading the country, was shot down and replaced by a clause banning \"the publication or public utterance of seditious or indecent language\". A section allowing the government to make laws for the \"registration, supervision, control and identification of all persons or of any class or nationality of persons\" was placed in the very first article. At the second reading it was decided that the government should have the right to appeal acquittals in criminal cases, but later it was repealed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030055-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii, The convention\nThe question of who could vote and be a citizen hung over the convention. The draft allowed people who had lived in Hawaii for a year, spoke English, come from a country \"with express treaty stipulations with the Republic of Hawaii concerning naturalization\", had a way to support themselves, owned $200, and swore an oath of loyalty to the Republic of Hawaii to be naturalized. After much debate between those who favored one and three years of residence in Hawaii to qualify for citizenship, a compromise at two years of residence was carried by one vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030055-0007-0001", "contents": "1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii, The convention\nThe requirement for the naturalized person to come from a nation with treaty relations with the Republic of Hawaii led the Chinese population of the islands, whose government did not have a treaty with Hawaii, to petition the convention twice requesting equal rights, as well as the Japanese consul on Hawaii to demand equal rights of suffrage for his people, but the convention did not amend this clause. In fact, there were no countries in the world who had signed a naturalization treaty with Hawaii, but the problem was solved with the mechanism of \"denization\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030056-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1894 Cork Senior Football Championship was the eighth staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030056-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Cork Senior Football Championship\nNils won the championship following a 1-13 to 0-01 defeat of Kinsale Blacks & Whites in the final. This was their first ever championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030057-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1894 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the eighth staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030057-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 2 September 1894, Blackrock won the championship following a 1-5 to 0-2 defeat of Blarney in the final. This was their fifth championship title and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030058-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1894 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1894 college football season. In their first season under head coach Marshall Newell, the Big Red compiled a 6\u20134\u20131 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 178 to 58. Pop Warner was the team's captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030058-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Cornell Big Red football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nOn November 24, Cornell lost to Michigan, 12\u20134. The result was the first victory by a Michigan football team against one of the elite Eastern football teams, and \"the Michigan men went wild\" as blue and yellow were \"all the colors that could be seen.\" The Detroit Free Press filled its front page with a lengthy account of the game under the headline, \"GLORIOUS! \", and proclaimed the start of \"halcyon days at the university\" and opined that \"the day of logy teams, slow signalling and dumb playing at the university are but pages in history now.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030058-0001-0001", "contents": "1894 Cornell Big Red football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nThe Free Press predicted that the victory would mark a turning point in the popularity of football in the West, such that \"it will become the only acknowledged game of the fall, and its devotees will outnumber those of any other game.\" The University of Michigan yearbook, The Palladium, wrote: \"The enthusiasm of that day at Detroit transformed our foot ball team from the practically 'backwoods' organization that they were to skillful, scientific players of the great American game of foot ball. Let the good work go on.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030059-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Costa Rican general election\nThe 1894 Costa Rican general election was held between 4 and 6 of February (first degree) and 1 April of that year (second degree). The election was quite controversial due to the questionable practices from the government of Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn Rodr\u00edguez Zeled\u00f3n who supported his son-in-law Rafael Yglesias using all sorts of measures to assure his victory, going as far as to even arrest his main rival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030059-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Costa Rican general election\nIn the previous election Rodr\u00edguez won thanks to the endorsement of the Catholic Church and the up to that point marginalized conservatives over liberal and freemason Ascensi\u00f3n Esquivel Ibarra. However, the intent of the then liberal government of Bernardo Soto Alfaro of almost reject the results and appoint Esquivel anyway almost caused a Catholic uprising. Ironically, this date is commemorated in Costa Rica as \"Democracy's Day\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030059-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Costa Rican general election\nAfter the victory, Rodr\u00edguez' party, the Constitutional Party broke away forming two new parties; the ultra-Catholic, conservative and anti-Masonic Catholic Union led by Costa Rican bishop of German origin Bernard Thiel, and the loosely liberal Civil Party led by Rodriguez' son-in-law Yglesias. Rodriguez used all sorts of pressures and trick against Trejos, pressuring the Electoral College (as at the time Costa Rican elections were indirect) and forcing the results in favor of his relative. Soon after Yglesia's victory the Constitution was amended forbidding the existence of religious-based parties, thus making Catholic Union illegal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030060-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 County Championship\nThe 1894 County Championship was the fifth officially organised running of the County Championship, and ran from 14 May to 30 August 1894. Surrey reclaimed the title that Yorkshire had taken from them the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030061-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Crescent Athletic Club football team\nThe 1894 Crescent Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Crescent Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1894 college football season. The team played its home games at Eastern Park in Brooklyn and compiled a 2\u20137 record. Harry Beecher was the official coach of the team, assisted by Duncan Edwards, Wyllys Terry, William H. Ford, and William Bull. George B. Pratt, formerly of Amherst College, was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030062-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Currie Cup\nThe 1894 Currie Cup was the second edition of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030062-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Currie Cup\nThe tournament was won by  Western Province for the second time, who won three of their matches in the competition and drew the fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030063-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Dartmouth football team\nThe 1894 Dartmouth football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1894 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030064-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Delaware gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894. Incumbent Democratic Governor Robert J. Reynolds was barred from seeking a second term. Sussex County Clerk of the Peace Ebe W. Tunnell won the Democratic nomination to succeed Reynolds and faced businessman Joshua H. Marvil, the Republican nominee, in the general election. Though the Republican Party had long been dormant in the state, it had almost won the 1890 gubernatorial election. This year, Marvil narrowly defeated Tunnell, becoming the first Republican to win a gubernatorial election since 1862. However, Marvil's term as Governor did not last long; he died on April 8, 1895, elevating State Senate President William T. Watson to the governorship. Tunnell would later go on to be elected Governor in 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 826]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030065-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Drake Bulldogs football team\nThe 1894 Drake Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Drake University as an independent during the 1894 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach W. W. Wharton, the team compiled a 2\u20132 record and was outscored by a total of 48 to 34.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030066-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Drexel Dragons football team\nThe 1894 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as an independent during the 1894 college football season. The team did not have a head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030066-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Drexel Dragons football team\nIn either the team's first exhibition game against Penn freshman, or the regular season game against Hamilton School (there are conflicting reports), Knight, playing at fullback, suffered a fractured skull which killed him. This is one of the earliest recorded deaths of an American football player due to injuries sustained during a game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030067-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Dutch general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Netherlands on 10 April 1894. The Liberal Union remained the largest party, winning 57 of the 100 seats in the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030068-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Edinburgh Corporation election\nAn Election to the Edinburgh Corporation was held on 6 November 1894, alongside municipal elections across Scotland, and the wider British local elections. Elections took place in 5 of the cities 13 wards, with candidates in the remaining 8 being returned unopposed. A candidate, Thomas Blake, had intended to run against incumbent Lord Provost James Russell in St Cuthbert's Ward; however, due to a mistake at the nomination, Blake could not be accepted as a candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030068-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Edinburgh Corporation election\nFollowing the election the balance of power on the Corporation remained unchanged, divided between 21 Unionists and 20 Liberals. The composition, combined with a number of Liberals pledging to oppose the re-election of the Liberal Lord Provost James Russell, saw Russell replaced as Lord Provost with the Unionist candidate; Sir Andrew McDonald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030068-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Edinburgh Corporation election\nTurnout in the contested wards was 12,145 out of a total electorate of 18,741 (64.80%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030069-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Edmonton municipal election\nThe 1894 Edmonton municipal election was held January 2, 1894 to elect the town council, consisting of a mayor and six aldermen, each elected for a one-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030069-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout\nVoter turnout was 175 out of 240 eligible voters, or 72.9%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030070-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 English cricket season\n1894 was the fifth season of County Championship cricket in England. The championship culminated in a close battle between Surrey and the 1893 champions Yorkshire. Before the round of 23 August, the two teams were tied on 10 points, with one match left to play and all other teams out of contention. Yorkshire travelled to Taunton to play Somerset and, after the first day was rained off, Somerset had to bat on a rain-affected pitch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030070-0000-0001", "contents": "1894 English cricket season\nGeorge Hirst took seven for 32 as Somerset were dismissed for 99, but Yorkshire never got the chance to reply as the third day was rained off. Meanwhile, at Hove, Surrey's Tom Richardson and Bill Lockwood bowling Sussex out for 44 and 109 to secure victory by an innings and 15 runs, giving Surrey their fourth official title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030070-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 English cricket season\nAlthough the term had been in common usage for many years, there was no clear understanding of what constituted first-class cricket. The issue was addressed in a meeting at Lord's in May and the official definition was applied from the beginning of the 1895 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030071-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1894 European Figure Skating Championships were held on January 28th in Vienna, Austria. Elite figure skaters competed for the title of European Champion in the category of men's singles. The competitors performed only compulsory figures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030072-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 European Rowing Championships\nThe 1894 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on the Sa\u00f4ne in the French city M\u00e2con on 16 September. The competition was for men only, and the regatta had four boat classes (M1x, M2+, M4+, M8+). This was the second edition of the European Rowing Championships and the first time that the coxed pair boat class was included.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030072-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 European Rowing Championships\nAt the FISA Congress held on 15 September, five federations were represented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030072-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 European Rowing Championships, Event schedule\nFISA, the International Rowing Federation, had been founded in 1892 and one of the motivations for having the body is to standardise the rules of racing which varied greatly, even within countries. Race distances were variable. The 1894 European Rowing Championships were raced over a 2000\u00a0m distance for all four boat classes; it just so happened that the available straight on the Sa\u00f4ne allowed for this race distance. Nevertheless, this became the standard race distance and the 1894 Championships are credited with having set this distance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030072-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 European Rowing Championships, Event schedule\nFour races took place on 16 September 1896. As only four teams competed, no heats had to be rowed. The teams represented France, Italy and Belgium. In addition, there was a team from Trieste. That city had only just (in 1891) lost its status as a free port and belonged to the Austria-Hungarian Empire. Contemporary sources list Trieste as being represented rather than Austria-Hungary. A rowing union had formed in Trieste and the decision had been made to send a coxed four to France. There were four rowing clubs competing for the honour to represent the port city. Three regattas were held during August that were all won by the team from Ginnastica.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030073-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 FA Cup Final\nThe 1894 FA Cup Final was contested by Notts County and Bolton Wanderers at Goodison Park. Notts County won 4\u20131, with goals by James Logan (3) and Arthur Watson. Jim Cassidy scored for Bolton. Notts County became the first team from outside the top flight to win the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030074-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Forfarshire by-election\nThe Forfarshire by-election, 1894 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Forfarshire, Scotland on 17 November 1894. The result was a gain by the  Liberal Unionists from the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030074-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Forfarshire by-election, Background\nTraditionally, Forfarshire had elected Liberals to the Commons, but in 1886 the sitting MP J W Barclay had defected to the Liberal Unionist Party. John Rigby, previously member for Wisbech in Cambridgeshire, England, was chosen by the Liberals as their candidate at the 1892 general election. Although a stranger to Scottish politics, Rigby won the seat in the Liberal interest by a majority of 866 votes. Following his appointment as Attorney General for England and Wales, he was obliged to seek re-election, and was returned unopposed in August 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030074-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Forfarshire by-election, Background\nThe seat became vacant when Rigby was appointed a Lord Justice of Appeal on 19 October 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030074-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Forfarshire by-election, The campaign and candidates\nThe electorate of the constituency was approximately 12,000. The towns of the county were very diverse socially: the burghs of Broughty Ferry, Carnoustie and Monifieth were largely suburbs of the City of Dundee. They contained large numbers of wealthy manufacturers and merchants, as well as working class voters engaged in the fishing, chemical, boot-making and textile industries. Kirriemuir, at the north of the constituency, was regarded as Radical: in the past Chartism had been strong among the weavers of the town. In the east were fishing villages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030074-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Forfarshire by-election, The campaign and candidates\nIn the rural parts of the county the farmers were considered to be almost exclusively Unionist voters. The most important voting bloc, numbering about 3,000, were the farm servants. They were regarded as being \"singularly shrewd, well-informed and independent politicians\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030074-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Forfarshire by-election, The campaign and candidates\nThe Liberals chose Henry Robson to defend the seat. Robson, although Scottish born, had made his living as a stockbroker in London. The choice of the \"stranger\", Robson, rather than the popular Dundee merchant, Martin White, was resented locally. The Unionists, by contrast, chose a local landowner, the Honorable Charles Maule Ramsay. Ramsay was the younger brother of the late Earl of Dalhousie, who had sat as a Liberal MP for Liverpool.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030074-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Forfarshire by-election, The campaign and candidates\nAs the campaign went on, it became clear that the votes of the agricultural labourers would prove crucial. Sir John Rigby had proved popular with them as he promised to campaign for a half-holiday a week for ploughmen. However, he had not lived up to their expectations, instead concerning himself with the Home Rule question at Westminster. When he vacated his seat to take up a judicial appointment he was accused of neglecting his constituents, and simply using his parliamentary seat as a stepping stone in his career. This perceived slight, and the imposition of an outside candidate saw a big swing in the agricultural vote towards Ramsay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030074-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 Forfarshire by-election, Results\nRamsay was elected by a majority of 288 votes. The size of the majority was unexpected and caused jubilation among the Unionists and despair among the Liberals. It was felt that where the Unionists had been highly organised, the Liberals had been lax in their campaigning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030074-0008-0000", "contents": "1894 Forfarshire by-election, Results\nThe Unionist victory was short-lived, however. At the general election held in the following year, the Liberals learned from their mistakes. The preferred local candidate, Martin White, was this time selected, and the seat regained by the party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030075-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Geneva Covenanters football team\nThe 1894 Geneva Covenanters football team was an American football team that represented Geneva College as an independent during the 1894 college football season. Led by fifth-year head coach William McCracken, Geneva compiled a record of 5\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030076-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Georgetown football team\nThe 1894 Georgetown Hoyas football team represented the Georgetown University during the 1894 college football season. Georgetown finished the season with a 4\u20135 record. Bob Carmody served as player-coach. They played home games at Georgetown Field. During the final game against Columbia AC, Shorty Bahen was seriously injured and left partially paralyzed. He died from his injuries four months later. Georgetown disbanded its football team for three years as a result. When the team reformed in 1898, only collegiate opponents were permitted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030077-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nThe 1894 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia in the 1894 college football season and completed the year with a 5\u20131\u2013record. In 1894, the Bulldogs played their first game against South Carolina, won 40\u20130, and started a rivalry that continues to the present day. Georgia also secured its first victory over Auburn. This was the team's one and only season under the guidance of head coach Robert Winston. Winston was the first paid coach for the Bulldogs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030077-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Georgia Bulldogs football team, Additional sources\nThis College football 1890s season article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030078-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Georgia Tech football team\nThe 1894 Georgia Tech football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1894 college football season. It was the team's third ever season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030079-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Grand National\nThe 1894 Grand National was the 56th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 30 March 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030080-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Greensburg Athletic Association season\nThe 1894 Greensburg Athletic Association season was their fifth season in existence. The team finished 6\u20131\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030081-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Grenfell colonial election re-count\nIn October 1894 the Elections and Qualifications Committee conducted a re-count of the 1894 Grenfell election, in which George Greene (Free Trade) had been declared elected by a margin of 2 votes over Michael Loughnane (Labour). The Elections and Qualifications Committee consisted of 9 members, 5 Free Trade (Thomas Bavister, William McMillan, Philip Morton, Varney Parkes and Bernhard Wise) and four Protectionist (Paddy Crick, James Gormly, James Hayes, and Francis Wright).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030081-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Grenfell colonial election re-count\nThe committee declared that George Greene (Free Trade) had not been elected the member for Grenfell, however no by-election was conducted. Instead instead the committee declared that Michael Loughnane (Labour) based on its own count of the result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030081-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Grenfell colonial election re-count, Aftermath\nThis was the 6th and final occasion on which the Elections and Qualifications Committee overturned the result of an election without ordering a fresh election. A public meeting at Grenfell expressed indignation at the unfairness of the decision. The meeting called for the abolition of the parliamentary Elections and Qualifications Committee and its replacement by a tribunal outside of parliament. The committee continued however until 1928 when the Court of Disputed Returns was established as a special jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030081-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Grenfell colonial election re-count, Aftermath\nMichael Loughnane only held the seat for 8 months, as he did not stand for the 1895 Grenfell election and George Greene regained the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030082-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Hampden\u2013Sydney Tigers football team\nThe 1894 Hampden\u2013Sydney football team represented Hampden\u2013Sydney College during the 1894 college football season. In their only game of the 1894 season, Hampden\u2013Sydney beat the then-unnicknamed William & Mary for their football program's first ever win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030083-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Harrow on the Hill Urban District Council election\nThe 1894 Harrow on the Hill Urban District Council election took place in December 1894 to elect members of Harrow on the Hill Urban District Council in London, England. The council had been created under the Local Government Act 1894, and the whole council was up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030084-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Hartley colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of Hartley in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 14 August 1894 because Joseph Cook had been appointed Postmaster General in the Reid ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and four ministers were re-elected unopposed, James Brunker (East Maitland), Joseph Carruthers (St George), Jacob Garrard (Sherbrooke) and James Young (The Manning). A poll was required in Bathurst (Sydney Smith), Hartley, Singleton (Albert Gould) and Sydney-King (George Reid) however all were comfortably re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030084-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Hartley colonial by-election, Background\nCook was one of 35 Labour members elected at the 1891 New South Wales colonial election and was the leader of the Parliamentary Labour Party from 1893. The party was divided on the question of free trade or protectionism, with Cook on the side of free trade, but increasingly at odds with the party. The party decided that members must sign a \"pledge\" to be bound by decisions of the Caucus and Cook was the leader of those parliamentarians who refused to sign, contesting the 1894 election as an Independent Labour candidate. Cook's decision, immediately after the election, to join the Free Trade ministry under George Reid was seen as an opportunistic act which saw Cook labeled as a class traitor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030085-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1894 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1894 college football season. The team finished with an 11\u20132 record under first-year head coach William A. Brooks. The team won its first 11 games by a combined total of 326 to 16, but lost the final two games to Yale (4\u201312) and Penn (4\u201318).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030086-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Hendon Rural District Council election\nThe 1894 Hendon Rural District Council election took place in December 1894 to elect members of Hendon Rural District Council in London, England. The council had been created under the Local Government Act 1894, and the whole council was up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030087-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Hillsdale Dales football team\nThe 1894 Hillsdale Dales football team was an American football team that represented Hillsdale College in the 1894 college football season. The Dales compiled a 3\u20133 record overall with a 1\u20132 mark in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA) and outscored their opponents 158 to 58.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030088-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Home Nations Championship\nThe 1894 Home Nations Championship was the twelfth series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Six matches were played between 6 January and 17 March. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030088-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Home Nations Championship, Results, Scoring system\nThe matches for this season were decided on points scored. A try was worth three points, while converting a kicked goal from the try gave an additional two points. A dropped goal and a goal from mark were both worth four points. Penalty goals were worth three points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030088-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Wales\nEngland: JF Byrne (Moseley), F Firth (Halifax), Charles Hooper (Middlesex Wands. ), S Morfitt (West Hartlepool), R E Lockwood (Heckmondwike) capt., EW Taylor (Rockcliff), Cyril Wells (Harlequins), F Soane (Bath), J Hall (North Durham), J Toothill (Bradford), H Bradshaw (Bramley), T Broadley (Bingley), Harry Speed (Castleford), William Eldon Tucker (Cambridge U. ), Alfred Allport (Blackheath)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030088-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Wales\nWales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Norman Biggs (Cardiff), William McCutcheon (Oldham), Arthur Gould (Newport) capt., Conway Rees (Llanelli), Percy Phillips (Newport), Fred Parfitt (Newport), Frank Mills (Swansea), Charles Nicholl (Llanelli), David Daniel (Llanelli), Jim Hannan (Newport), Frank Hill (Cardiff), Arthur Boucher (Newport), Tom Graham (Newport), Wallace Watts (Newport)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030088-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nEngland: JF Byrne (Moseley), F Firth (Halifax), Charles Hooper (Middlesex Wands. ), S Morfitt (West Hartlepool), R E Lockwood (Heckmondwike) capt., EW Taylor (Rockcliff), R Wood (Liversedge RFC), F Soane (Bath), J Hall (North Durham), J Toothill (Bradford), H Bradshaw (Bramley), T Broadley (Bingley), Harry Speed (Castleford), William Eldon Tucker (Cambridge U. ), Alfred Allport (Blackheath)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030088-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Ireland\nIreland: W Sparrow (Dublin U. ), HG Wells (Bective Rangers), S Lee (NIFC), W Gardiner (NIFC), Lucius Gwynn (Dublin U. ), WS Brown (Dublin U. ), Benjamin Tuke (Bective Rangers), JN Lytle (NIFC), EG Forrest (Wanderers) capt., H Lindsay (Dublin U. ), Thomas Crean (Wanderers), G Walmsley (Bective Rangers), JH O'Conor (Bective Rangers), CV Rooke (Dublin U. ), JH Lytle (NIFC)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030088-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Scotland\nWales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), William Llewellyn Thomas (Newport), Tom Pearson (Oldham), Arthur Gould (Newport) capt., Dai Fitzgerald (Cardiff), Percy Phillips (Newport), Fred Parfitt (Newport), Frank Mills (Swansea), Charles Nicholl (Llanelli), David Daniel (Llanelli), Jim Hannan (Newport), Frank Hill (Cardiff), Harry Day (Newport), Tom Graham (Newport), Wallace Watts (Newport)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030088-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Scotland\nScotland: J Rogerson (Kelvinside Acads. ), GT Campbell (London Scottish), Gregor MacGregor  (London Scottish) capt., James Gowans (Cambridge U. ), Henry Gedge (London Scottish), JW Simpson (Royal HSFP), William Wotherspoon (West of Scotland), HF Menzies (West of Scotland), JB Wright (Watsonians), WMC McEwan (Edinburgh Acads), A Dalgleish (Gala), WR Gibson (Royal HSFP), WB Cownie (Watsonians), GT Neilson (West of Scotland), Robert MacMillan (London Scottish)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 63], "content_span": [64, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030088-0008-0000", "contents": "1894 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nIreland: PJ Grant (Bective Rangers), HG Wells (Bective Rangers), S Lee (NIFC), W Gardiner (NIFC), Lucius Gwynn (Dublin U. ), WS Brown (Dublin U. ), Benjamin Tuke (Bective Rangers), JN Lytle (NIFC), EG Forrest (Wanderers) capt., H Lindsay (Dublin U. ), Thomas Crean (Wanderers), ATW Bond (Derry), JH O'Conor (Bective Rangers), CV Rooke (Dublin U. ), JH Lytle (NIFC)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030088-0009-0000", "contents": "1894 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland\nScotland: AWC Cameron (Watsonians), GT Campbell (London Scottish), Gregor MacGregor  (London Scottish), William Wotherspoon (West of Scotland), HTS Gedge (London Scottish), JW Simpson (Royal HSFP), WP Donaldson (Oxford U. ), HTO Leggatt (Watsonians), JD Boswell (West of Scotland) capt., AH Anderson (Glasgow Acads), A Dagleish (Gala), WR Gibson (Royal HSFP), WB Cownie (Watsonians), GT Nielson (West of Scotland), Robert MacMillan (London Scottish)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030088-0010-0000", "contents": "1894 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nScotland: Gregor MacGregor  (London Scottish), James Gowans (Cambridge U. ), Willie Neilson (Cambridge U. ), GT Campbell (London Scottish), HTS Gedge (London Scottish), JW Simpson (Royal HSFP), William Wotherspoon (West of Scotland), HTO Leggatt (Watsonians), JD Boswell (West of Scotland) capt., WMC McEwan (Edinburgh Acads), HF Menzies (West of Scotland), WR Gibson (Royal HSFP), WB Cownie (Watsonians), WG Nielson (Merchiston Castle), Robert MacMillan (London Scottish)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030088-0011-0000", "contents": "1894 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. England\nEngland: JF Byrne (Moseley), F Firth (Halifax), Charles Hooper (Middlesex Wands. ), S Morfitt (West Hartlepool), Walter Jesse Jackson (Halifax), EW Taylor (Rockcliff) capt., Cyril Wells (Harlequins), F Soane (Bath), J Hall (North Durham), William Walton (Castleford), H Bradshaw (Bramley), T Broadley (Bingley), Harry Speed (Castleford), Albert Elliott (St. Thomas' Hosp. ), Alfred Allport (Blackheath)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030088-0012-0000", "contents": "1894 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Wales\nIreland: PJ Grant (Bective Rangers), R Dunlop (NIFC), S Lee (NIFC), W Gardiner (NIFC), Lucius Gwynn (Dublin U. ), WS Brown (Dublin U. ), Benjamin Tuke (Bective Rangers), JN Lytle (NIFC), JH Lytle (NIFC), EG Forrest (Wanderers) capt., H Lindsay (Dublin U. ), Thomas Crean (Wanderers), ATW Bond (Derry), JH O'Conor (Bective Rangers), CV Rooke (Dublin U.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030088-0013-0000", "contents": "1894 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Wales\nWales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Norman Biggs (Cardiff), Tom Pearson (Oldham), Jack Elliott (Cardiff), Dai Fitzgerald (Cardiff), Ralph Sweet-Escott (Cardiff), Fred Parfitt (Newport), Frank Mills (Swansea), Fred Hutchinson (Neath), David Daniel (Llanelli), Jim Hannan (Newport), Frank Hill (Cardiff) capt., Harry Day (Newport), David Nicholl (Llanelli), Wallace Watts (Newport)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030089-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Honduran presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Honduras in December 1894. Policarpo Bonilla was elected with over 98% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030089-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Honduran presidential election, Background\nDomingo V\u00e1squez had been elected president in September 1893. However, in December, forces led by Liberal Party founder Policarpo Bonilla invaded from Nicaragua with support from Nicaraguan president Jos\u00e9 Santos Zelaya. Bonilla set up a new government in Los Amates on 24 December, which was recognised by Zelaya the following day. Following a siege of several weeks, Bonilla's forces took the capital Tegucigalpa on 22 February 1894 and he was appointed president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030089-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Honduran presidential election, Background\nIn April Bonilla called Constituent Assembly elections, which were held in June. The newly elected Assembly met on 1 July and drafted a new constitution. Although women's suffrage was supported by three deputies, it did not appear in the final constitution. The new constitution was promulgated on 14 October. It prohibited presidents from seeking re-election and provided for the direct election of Supreme Court judges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague\nThe 1894 Hong Kong plague, part of the third plague pandemic, was a major outbreak of the bubonic plague in Hong Kong. While the plague was harshest in 1894, it returned annually between 1895 and 1929, and killed over 20,000 in total, with a fatality rate of more than 93%. The plague was a major turning point in the history of colonial Hong Kong, as it forced the colonial government to reexamine its policy towards the Chinese community, and invest in the wellbeing of the Chinese.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Origins\nIt is thought that the pandemic originated from Yunnan, China, which saw an outbreak as early as 1792, in 1855 and again in 1866\u20137. An outbreak in neighboring city of Guangzhou from January 1894 onwards killed 80,000. From March 1894, British scientists and doctors in Hong Kong became aware of the outbreak in China. By the end of April, the government in Hong Kong requested Dr. Alexander Rennie, the consular surgeon for Canton, to report on the disease. Rennie identified it as the bubonic plague, but said it would not be not particularly contagious except to those living in filth, poor ventilation, and with a poor water supply.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Origins\nThe spread to Hong Kong from Guangdong was accelerated by the unrestricted movement of workers and boats into Hong Kong. The outbreak also coincided with the replacement of junks with steamships, which made travel between infected ports faster and more convenient, and the return of Chinese celebrating Qingming Festival from Guangzhou to Hong Kong. On March 2, 1894, a large Chinese procession was held in Hong Kong, which involved the arrival of 40,000 laborers from Canton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Origins, Living conditions of the Chinese\nThe Chinese-majority Taipingshan district, where the first cases appeared, was characterized by having poor ventilation, drainage and sanitary services, and was overcrowded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 64], "content_span": [65, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0003-0001", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Origins, Living conditions of the Chinese\nIn 1880, Colonial Surgeon Dr. Philip Burnard Chenery Ayres reported that, while he was investigating the sanitary conditions of the Chinese, \"many and many a time have I come out of the houses to vomit in the street, in spite of using strong scents and essences to prevent it,\" and he warned that \"while this state of things continues we stand in danger of being visited at any moment by some fearful epidemic, and I do not think the most advanced sanitary authority at home would combat this opinion.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 64], "content_span": [65, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Origins, Living conditions of the Chinese\nIn 1881, Royal Commissioner Osbert Chadwick was sent to Hong Kong to investigate the sanitation situation of Hong Kong. Chadwick proposed improvements on drainage, water supply and night soil removal system, which he hoped to be implemented \"without waiting for the necessity to be demonstrated by the irresistible logic of a severe epidemic.\" His recommendations were not acted upon on, save for the establishment of the Sanitary Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 64], "content_span": [65, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Origins, Living conditions of the Chinese\nThe summer of 1894 saw Hong Kong suffering from a dry spell, which did not wash away the usual house refuse accumulating on the streets. This helped the growth of rats and fleas, and was thought to have accelerated the spread of the plague.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 64], "content_span": [65, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong\nThe first case was discovered by Scottish doctor James Alfred Lowson, acting superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital, on May 8, 1894. The patient, named \"A. Hung\", was a ward boy, presumably working in the Government Civil Hospital. \"A. Hung\" died 5 days later. On May 10, 1894, the city was declared an infected port. On the same day, a Sanitary Board meeting was convened. The Sanitary Board was headed by James Stewart Lockhart. At the meeting, Lowson argued for a strong quarantine policy, including the removal of Chinese from their houses. Some on the Board, including Dr. Kai Ho, expressed concerns that the policy would offend the Chinese, and that the Chinese would refuse to comply to such government policies. The Sanitary Board opted to follow the advice of Lowson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong\nOn May 12, a Permanent Committee was formed to enforce quarantine measures. The committee was chaired by J. J. Francis and included Captains-superintendent Francis Henry May and Ayres. Lowson was given de facto charge to contain and combat the plague.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0008-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, The Whitewash Brigade\nOn May 11, legislation was passed to make the reporting of cases compulsory, and to allow authorities to enter houses to search for and remove infected persons for isolation. House-to-house inspection and disinfection performed by the local garrison, the Shropshire Light Infantry. The inspection and disinfection team was known as the \"Whitewash Brigade\", consisting of around 300 men and 8 officers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 65], "content_span": [66, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0009-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, The Whitewash Brigade\nDuring an inspection, the occupants were given new clothes, and sent to temporary lodgings on Chinese boats anchored off Stonecutters Island or to government-hired buildings, including the Alice Memorial and Nethersole Hospitals. Their own clothes and fabrics in the house would be sent to a steam disinfecting station. The house was then sprayed with a solution of perchloride of mercury or fumigated by chlorine gas, the floor and furniture cleaned with Jeyes Fluid and the walls lime-washed (\"whitewashing\"). Household items suspected of being contaminated were burnt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 65], "content_span": [66, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0010-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, The Whitewash Brigade\nMembers of the Shropshire regiment became the first Europeans to be affected by the plague. At least one officer died to the disease.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 65], "content_span": [66, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0011-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, Clashes with Chinese community\nAt the time, Chinese residents of Hong Kong had a deep mistrust for Western medical science, making the containment of the plague difficult. The distrust was exacerbated by ineffective treatment and highly intrusive policies by the colonial government. The Chinese would hide their sick from the authorities, and infected bodies would be thrown out at night to avoid detection. The western practice of using ice to cool down a fever was rejected by the Chinese, who viewed extreme cold as damaging to the body. The quick and hasty burials performed by the government, with the bodies covered in quicklime, were also offensive to the Chinese. In 1903, the government had to reimburse the cost of disinfected clothing to the Chinese, as they had disliked the smell of disinfectant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 74], "content_span": [75, 854]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0012-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, Clashes with Chinese community\nThe house-to-house inspection was especially resisted by the Chinese community. Chinese ladies were reluctantly to let strangers, let alone foreigners, enter their boudoirs. Rumors of British soldiers seeking to rape Chinese women arose. In one instance, on May 19, the Whitewash Brigade was pelted with stones, bricks and rubbish. In another instance, around 100 women, relatives of the deceased, organized a meeting at Tung Wah Hospital, where they wailed and cried against the community leaders and hospital administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 74], "content_span": [75, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0012-0001", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, Clashes with Chinese community\nThe government responded to the meeting by forbidding searchers to enter Chinese households without permission, and by allowing patients to choose Chinese treatment in Chinese hospitals. Members of the Chinese community continued to petition Governor William Robinson to halt the cleansing operations completely, and to allow patients to travel to China to seek treatment. Robinson initially refused, but when compradors of major hongs threatened to have their staff leave their posts, Robinson allowed patients to travel to Guangzhou for treatment, and corpses to be transported there for burials. However, the whitewashing operations was to be continued.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 74], "content_span": [75, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0013-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, Clashes with Chinese community\nAs a result, an anti-government poster campaign was launched in Canton and Hong Kong. This inflamed more rumours against the English doctors, who were said to be making medicine with the bodies of plague victims. Robinson responded by moving the gunboat HMS Tweed to Taipingshan and offering a reward for information leading to the arrest of the poster distributors. Viceroy Li Hanzhang of Canton was also requested to make a statement to deny the rumours. However, these efforts proved ineffective in building trust between the Western and Chinese communities. Whitewashing could only continue after a great deal of persuasion and explanation by both the government and some esteemed members of the Chinese community. After a time, the operations were suspended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 74], "content_span": [75, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0014-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, Temporary hospitals\nEstablished hospitals around the major areas of outbreak would only accept suspected patients for observation. Once the symptoms of plagues appeared, they would be moved to specialized plague hospitals. The plague hospitals included a temporary hospital at the Kennedy Town Police Station (known as the \"Kennedy Town Hospital\", opened on May 14) and the hospital ship Hygeia (Chinese: \u6d77\u4e4b\u5bb6), ran by staff of the Nethersole Hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 63], "content_span": [64, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0015-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, Temporary hospitals\nWhen patients were removed according to the policy from Tung Wah Hospital to Hygeia, violent protest erupted in the city. Tung Wah Hospital had been a reputable hospital in the Chinese community. It practiced Chinese medicine and was seen as a symbol of Chinese independence in a colonial city. Thus, the hospital came under fire from the Chinese community when they allowed patients to be transferred away to plague hospitals. At one point, doctors had to carry pistols to protect themselves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 63], "content_span": [64, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0015-0001", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, Temporary hospitals\nThe riots led to the establishment of a temporary plague hospital at Kennedy Town glass works, known as the \"Glassworks Hospital\" on May 21. This hospital would be manned by staff from the Tung Wah Hospital. The patients were offered a choice between the Glassworks Hospital and plague hospitals with European staff. The Chinese-majority patients overwhelmingly chose the Glassworks Hospital. The hospital quickly becoming overcrowded and sanitary conditions worsened. On June 8, another temporary hospital at an unfinished pig depot was also set up, known as the \"Slaughterhouse Hospital\", again manned by staff from Tung Wah Hospital, in hopes of relieving the situation at the Glassworks Hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 63], "content_span": [64, 764]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0016-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, Temporary hospitals\nWhen the Chinese medicine offered by the Glassworks Hospital proved to be ineffective, and conditions of the hospital continued to worsen, it was closed down on June 16, and its patients were transferred to either Guangzhou or to the Slaughterhouse Hospital. Subsequently, a \"New Glassworks Hospital\" was set up at the site, this time staffed by European doctors from the Alice Memorial and Nethersole Hospitals. In July, a hospital was established in Lai Chi Kok near a graveyard but it did not receive any patients. This was attributed to the Chinese refusing to be admitted into the hospital as they felt \"they were sure to die.\" Hygeia was later used only to house European, Eurasian and Japanese patients.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 63], "content_span": [64, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0017-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, Economic downturn\nThe plague saw a mass exodus of panic-stricken Chinese workers back to China, causing a significant economic downturn in the city. The North-China Herald noted that \"it is not the plague they are flying from, as they are going to the nest at Canton from which [the plague] came to Hong Kong. They seem rather to be flying from the sanitary measures taken in Hong Kong.\" Some were seeking a proper burial on Chinese grounds. At the height of the plague, around 1,000 persons were leaving Hong Kong daily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 61], "content_span": [62, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0017-0001", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, Economic downturn\nIn May and June, it was estimated that 80,000 to 90,000 Chinese, out of a population of 200,000, left Hong Kong Island. Owners of hongs left for China, leaving the businesses to caretakers, slowing down the business operations. The colony suffered a severe labour shortage. Inflation followed, with prices of food items rising by 30 to 50 percent. As visitors to Hong Kong had to be quarantined, trade between Hong Kong and China was decimated. In June, Robinson reported to Secretary of State for the Colonies Lord Ripon that \"without exaggeration I may assert that so far as tradeand commerce are concerned the plague has assumed the importance of an unexampled calamity.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 61], "content_span": [62, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0018-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, Land resumption\nOn May 31, a bylaw drawn up by the Sanitary Board allowed for the eviction and closure of houses deemed unfit for habitation. Houses on the streets of Kau Yu Fong (Chinese: \u4e5d\u5982\u574a), Sin Hing Lee (Chinese: \u5584\u6176\u91cc), Nga Choi Hong (Chinese: \u82bd\u83dc\u5df7) and Mei Lun Lee (Chinese: \u7f8e\u4f96\u91cc) were demolished, and a brick wall was erected surrounding those areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 59], "content_span": [60, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0019-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, Land resumption\nIn September, 1894, the Taipingshan Resumption Ordinance was passed, allowing the resumption of an area of about 10 acres in the Taipingshan district. The area accounted for 50 percent of the cases, and 385 houses in the area were destroyed. Around 7,000 inhabitants were displaced. The area was walled up, and guards were stationed to prevent residents from re-entry. This drastic measure called for, as described by Robinson, \"the destruction and rebuilding of one tenth part of Hong Kong.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 59], "content_span": [60, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0020-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, Land resumption\nReconstruction began in the end of 1895 and lasted until 1898. Drainage systems were improved, and balconies were installed for better ventilation. An area was marked out for the construction of a Bacteriological Institute. A public park was also constructed. It was named Blake Garden after then-Governor Henry Arthur Blake. Today, a plaque stands at the park, commemorating the deadly epidemic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 59], "content_span": [60, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0021-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, End of the 1894 plague\nAt the peak of the 1894 plague, admissions to hospital averaged at 80 a day, and death peaked at over 100 per day. Taipingshan was not the only area affected by the plague. Areas such as Bowrington (now between today's Wan Chai and Causeway Bay), Sai Ying Pun, Shek Tong Tsui and Kennedy Town saw more deaths than Taipingshan. Internationally, steamships from Hong Kong carried the bacillus to every major seaport in the world, including to India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 66], "content_span": [67, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0022-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, End of the 1894 plague\nThe plague subsided with the arrival of cold weather, in the winter of 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 66], "content_span": [67, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0023-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, Endemic\nIn 1895, only 44 cases were reported, but the plague returned strongly in 1896, affecting mostly Chinese in the Taipingshan district. Once again it subsided in winter, and returned almost annually thereafter. The plague lasted until 1929, when the last cases were recorded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0024-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Spread in Hong Kong, Statistics\nIn total, between 1894 and 1929, there were over 24,000 cases with a mortality rate of over 90%. Between 1894 and 1923, there were 21,867 cases and 20,489 deaths, with a fatality rate of 93.7%. In 1894 there was no law to enforce the notification of deaths. Women suffered a higher mortality rate than men, most likely due to their role as the caretakers of the sick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 54], "content_span": [55, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0025-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Investigation on the cause of the disease\nAt the beginning of the outbreak, the plague agent was unknown. Although the germ theory was gaining attention in the 1880s, the medical circle of United Kingdom was still deeply influenced by the miasma theory. For example, the decision by the colonial government to place patients on ships and to demolish houses were, in part, influenced by the miasma theory. Lowson speculated on the origins of the disease as \"poison is probably developed from atmospheric conditions underneath houses in certain districts, and that it is caused simply by poverty and dirt. In the ordinary sense the disease is not infectious or contagious.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 64], "content_span": [65, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0026-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Investigation on the cause of the disease\nThe means of transmission, now known to be the Oriental rat flea, was also not ascertained. For several years, it had been widely accepted that infection was through the gastrointestinal tract via contaminated food. Before 1901, no efforts were made to remove rats and rat corpses as there was no consensus about their role in the transmission of the plague. In 1895, Lowson wrote that \"the question of the infection of rats previous to the epidemic being noticed in human beings has been made too much of.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 64], "content_span": [65, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0027-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Investigation on the cause of the disease, Discovery of plague bacillus\nOn June 12, 1894, Japanese bacteriologist Kitasato Shibasabur\u014d arrived in Hong Kong to investigate the plague. On June 14, Kitasato discovered that the bacillus, now known as Yersinia pestis, that was the direct cause of the plague. However, he was doubtful of its significance as the autopsy was done 11 hours after death. His finding was reported by Lowson, who had supported Kitasato's work, to The Lancet. His report was published a week later on August 25. Following Kitasato's discovery, Lowson reversed his position and adopted the germ theory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 94], "content_span": [95, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0028-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Investigation on the cause of the disease, Discovery of plague bacillus\nAt almost the same time, on June 15, French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin, a member of the Pasteur Institute working in Saigon, arrived in Hong Kong. He was sent there to investigate the outbreak. Unlike Kitasato, Lowson did not offer Yersin support, as Lowson considered France to be a colonial competitor to Great Britain in East Asia. At the hospital, Yersin would find all the cadavers reserved for Kitasato. He was only able to obtain specimens after bribing English sailors responsible for disposing bodies of plague victims. Yersin discovered the bacillus on June 23. Even though Kitasato made the earlier discovery, Kitasato's description lacked precision and the report riddled with doubts and confusion. Expert opinion gave credit went to Yersin. The fact that Kitasato was in a hurry to publish his work was considered by some to be the reason for the imprecision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 94], "content_span": [95, 978]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0029-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Investigation on the cause of the disease, Discovery of plague bacillus\nJapanese bacteriologist Aoyama Tanemichi and Ishigami Toru (Japanese: \u77f3\u795e\u4ea8) also arrived with Kitasato as his assistants. On June 28, two weeks after their arrival, they were infected by the plague and were sent to Hygeia. In 1895, Aoyama wrote a report criticizing Kitasato's misidentification of the bacillus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 94], "content_span": [95, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0030-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Investigation on the cause of the disease, Discovery of plague bacillus\nEven though the means of transmission was still not ascertained, Yersin also found that the bacillus was present in the rodent as well as in the human disease, thus underlining the possible means of transmission. After the role of rats in the spread of the plague was understood, the government offered money for caught rats. This policy ended when it was discovered that rat-catchers had been importing rats from Canton for a higher reward. Later, rat poison, glue traps and rat disposal bins were all employed to help reduce the population of rats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 94], "content_span": [95, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0031-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Investigation on the cause of the disease, Discovery of plague bacillus\nIn 1896, Yersin returned to Hong Kong to test his plague serum. However, he found no suitable cases in hospitals, and left for China to carry out his tests in Amoy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 94], "content_span": [95, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0032-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Investigation on the cause of the disease, Discovery of plague bacillus\nThe bacillus was later renamed Yersinia pestis in Yersin's honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 94], "content_span": [95, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0033-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Impact\nSome historians consider the plague as the starting point of the colonial government's direct involvement and interference of the Chinese community of Hong Kong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0034-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Impact\nThe epidemic gave the government an opportunity to displace Chinese medicine with western medicine. Prejudices over western medicine were overcome. Tung Wah Hospital, where Chinese medicine was originally practiced, was at first considered to be a menace to public safety by the colonial government. The plague allowed the government to reform the hospital. In 1896, it was decided that the hospital would continue its operations but with greater government oversight. In 1897, the government mandated that the hospital should provide western treatment. In the same year, over 85 percent of the patients opted for Chinese treatment. The percentage decreased to 68 percent by 1900.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0035-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Impact\nA silver medal was struck \"in honor of those who assisted in the cleaning up of Tai Ping Shan.\" On the observe, a scene of the epidemic was engraved. On the reverse were the inscriptions \"For services rendered during the Plague of 1894\" and \"Presented by the Hong Kong community.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0036-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Impact\nIn 1903, the Public Health and Buildings Ordinance was passed to improve the lodging standards of the Chinese. The ordinance, regulating the designs and sanitary conditions of tenement blocks, was drawn up according to recommendations by Scottish physician William John Simpson, who observed the plague in 1902.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0037-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Impact\nOn March 15, 1906, the Bacteriological Institute was opened near the Taipingshan area. Headed by Scottish bacteriologist William Hunter, the institute was used for post-mortem and bacteriological examinations, along with the development of vaccines. It is now the Hong Kong Museum of Medical Sciences.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030090-0038-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong plague, Impact\nAnnual cleaning-up events, known as \"Cleaning up of the Environment\" (Chinese: \u6d17\u592a\u5e73\u5730), was held until the early 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030091-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong sanitary board election\nThe second election to be held for the two unofficial seats in the Sanitary Board of Hong Kong was to be held on 16 June 1894 but, there being only two candidates, the seats were filled uncontested. John Joseph Francis was elected for a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030091-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Hong Kong sanitary board election\nDuring the election, the 1894 Hong Kong plague devastated the colony and drew attention to the composition and power of the board. One proposal, supported by unofficial member of the Legislative Council Ho Kai, called for it to be upgraded to a municipal council with enhanced powers. Others sought its abolition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030092-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 ICA Track Cycling World Championships\nThe 1894 ICA Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Antwerp, Belgium from 12 to 13 August 1894. Three events for amateur men were contested: sprint, stayers' race (motor-paced) and a 10\u00a0km, now classified as a scratch race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030093-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Idaho gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894. Incumbent Republican William J. McConnell defeated People's Party nominee James W. Ballantine with 41.51% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030094-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1894 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1894 college football season. In their first season under head coach Louis Vail, the Illini compiled a 4\u20133 record. Tackle James E. Pfeffer was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030095-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1894 Indiana Hoosiers football team was an American football team that represented Indiana University Bloomington during the 1894 college football season. Indiana played four games and compiled a 0\u20134\u20131 record, playing to a scoreless tie with the Louisville Athletic Club, and losing games to DePauw (10\u201320), Wabash (0\u201346), Butler (0\u201358), and Purdue (forfeit).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030096-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Indianapolis Light Artillery football team\nThe 1894 Indianapolis Light Artillery football team was an American football team that represented the Indianapolis Light Artillery as an independent during the 1894 college football season. In its first year of competition, the team compiled a 4\u20132 record in games against the region's college and university teams, including a victory over Illinois and a loss to Purdue. The 1895 team went on to defeat Notre Dame, 18\u20130, in South Bend.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030096-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Indianapolis Light Artillery football team\nThe team played its three 1894 home games at the baseball park on East Ohio Street in Indianapolis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030096-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Indianapolis Light Artillery football team\nDuring the fall of 1894, when the unit fielded its first football team, the Indianapolis Light Artillery was seeking to pay off its debt resulting from the construction of a $15,000 armory at Mississippi and Seventh Streets in Indianapolis. The unit engaged in fund-raising efforts featuring infantry drill teams and zouaves looking \"very natty in their bright uniforms.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030096-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Indianapolis Light Artillery football team\nWhile all players on the 1894 team were reportedly members of the artillery unit, that practice changed, such that the 1896 team included only four or five artillerymen. In October 1896, the team was prohibited from continuing to use the Indianapolis Light Artillery name.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030096-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Indianapolis Light Artillery football team, Players and coaches\nRufus M. Barnes (1870\u20131943) was the team captain and played at the tackle position. Barnes also coached the 1894 Light Artillery team. He had previously been captain of the University of Pennsylvania crew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030097-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Invercargill mayoral election\nThe 1894 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 28 November 1894 as part of that years local elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030098-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Iowa Agricultural Cardinals football team\nThe 1894 Iowa Agricultural Cardinals football team represented Iowa Agricultural College (later renamed Iowa State University) as an independent during the 1894 college football season. The 1894 Cyclones compiled a 5\u20131 record, shut out three of six opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 180 to 24. In the first game of the Iowa\u2013Iowa State football rivalry, the Cyclones defeated the Hawkeyes by a 16-8 score. Bert German is identified as both the head coach and the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030098-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Iowa Agricultural Cardinals football team\nBetween 1892 and 1913, the football team played on a field that later became the site of the university's Parks Library.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030099-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1894 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa during the 1894 college football season. It was the first Hawkeye team to play against in-state rival Iowa State. The Hawkeyes also played future Big Ten rivals Chicago and Wisconsin for the first time. The team's coach was Roger Sherman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030100-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Istanbul earthquake\nThe 1894 Istanbul earthquake occurred in the \u00c7\u0131narc\u0131k Basin or Gulf of Izmit in the Sea of Marmara on 10 July at 12:24pm. The earthquake had an estimated Ms magnitude of 7.0. At least an estimated 1,349 people were killed in towns around the Gulf of Izmit such as Yalova, Sapanca and Adapazar\u0131, and in the nearby city of Constantinople (now known in English under its Turkish name, Istanbul). The main shock caused a tsunami 1.5 metres (4.9\u00a0ft) high.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030100-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Istanbul earthquake, Background\nThe Sea of Marmara is a pull-apart basin formed at a releasing bend in the North Anatolian Fault, a right-lateral strike-slip fault. This local zone of extension occurs where this transform boundary between the Anatolian Plate and the Eurasian Plate steps northwards to the west of Izmit from the Izmit Fault to the Ganos Fault. The pattern of faults within the Sea of Marmara basin is complex but near Istanbul there is a single main fault segment with a sharp bend. To the west, the fault trends west-east and is pure strike-slip in type.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030100-0001-0001", "contents": "1894 Istanbul earthquake, Background\nTo the east, the fault is NW\u2013SE trending and show evidence of both normal and strike-slip motion. Movement on the Gulf of Izmit section of the fault, which bounds the \u00c7\u0131narc\u0131k Basin, is the most likely cause of the 1894 event. Other possible causes are movement on the Prince's Islands segment of the fault (to the west of the Gulf of Izmit), and movement on a normal fault in the \u00c7inarcik basin, separate from the North Anatolian Fault.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030100-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Istanbul earthquake, Damage\nThe earthquake is estimated to have generated shaking with a modified Mercalli intensity of 9 at Sapanca, 8.5 at Yalova, and 8 at Adapazar\u0131, B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7ekmece, Gebze, Kartal, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u00e7ekmece and on the Prince's Islands. The quake killed 990 people in the area around Yalova and Sapanca, 83 in Adapazar\u0131 and 276 in Istanbul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030101-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1894 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Western Interstate University Football Association (WIUFA) during the 1894 college football season. In their first season under head coach Hector Cowan, the Jayhawks compiled a 2\u20133\u20131 record (1\u20132 against conference opponents), finished third in the conference, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 82 to 78. The Jayhawks played their home games at McCook Field in Lawrence, Kansas. O. K. Williamson was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030102-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894. Republican nominee Edmund Needham Morrill defeated People's Party incumbent Lorenzo D. Lewelling with 49.53% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030103-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1894 Kentucky Derby was the 20th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 15, 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030104-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Kentucky State College Blue and White football team\nThe 1894 Kentucky State College Blue and White football team represented Kentucky State College\u2014now known as the University of Kentucky\u2014during the 1894 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030105-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1894 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the sixth staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030105-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nConfederation won the championship after a 2\u201305 to 1\u201301 defeat of Callan in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030106-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 LSU football team\nThe 1894 LSU football team represented Louisiana State University during the 1894 college football season. The Tigers adopted a new coach, Albert Simmonds, for the three-game 1894 season. This season marked LSU's first ever victory with the 26\u20130 win over Natchez Athletic Club. The team's captain, Samuel Marmaduke Dinwidie Clark, became the first LSU player to ever score a touchdown during the game against Natchez A.C. The first football game played on the LSU campus was on December 3, 1894, against Mississippi. LSU's only touchdown in that game was scored by the head coach, Albert Simmonds. This was the first year of play for William S. Slaughter who lettered as an end for 5 years (1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898). Slaughter was LSU's first five-time football letterman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030107-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Lafayette football team\nThe 1894 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1894 college football season. In its first season under head coach Hugh Janeway, the team compiled a 5\u20136 record. Samuel Jordan was the team captain. The team played its home games at March Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030108-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Lehigh football team\nThe 1894 Lehigh football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1894 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Pudge Heffelfinger, the team compiled a 5\u20139 record and was outscored by a total of 242 to 120.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030109-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Leith Burgh Council election\nAn Election to Leith Burgh Council was held on 6 November 1894, alongside the municipal elections across Scotland, and the wider British local elections. Contests took place in 3 of the burghs 6 wards, with candidates in the remaining 3 being returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030110-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Liechtenstein general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liechtenstein in March and April 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030110-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Liechtenstein general election, Electors\nElectors were selected through elections that were held between 4 and 9 May. Each municipality had two electors for every 100 inhabitants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030110-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nThe election of Oberland's Landtag members and substitutes was held on 16 May in Vaduz. Of Oberland's 118 electors, 114 were present. Oberland elected seven Landtag members and three substitutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030110-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Liechtenstein general election, Results\nThe election of Unterland's Landtag members and substitutes was held on 17 May in Mauren. Of Unterland's 74 electors, 73 were present. Unterland elected five Landtag members and two substitutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030111-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Thursday 1 November 1894. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030111-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Liverpool City Council election, Election result\nBecause of the large number of uncontested seats, these statistics should be taken in that context.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030111-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections\nCouncillor Thomas Kelly (Irish Nationalist, Vauxhall, elected 1 November 1893) died on 17 October 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030111-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections\nAs the November 1895 election was near and an all-up election, there was no by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030112-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Liverpool School Board election\nElections to the Liverpool School Board were held on Saturday 17 November 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030112-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Liverpool School Board election\nThere were twenty-two candidates for the fifteen Board member positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030112-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Liverpool School Board election\nAfter the election, the composition of the School Board was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030113-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nThe 1894 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge was the third edition of the Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge cycle race and was held on 26 August 1894. The race started and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by L\u00e9on Houa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030114-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Llandeilo Rural District Council election\nThe first election to the Llandeilo Rural District Council were held in December 1894. It was followed by the 1898 election. The successful candidates were also elected to the Llandeilo Board of Guardians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030115-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Louisville Colonels season\nThe 1894 Louisville Colonels season was the third season for the baseball team in the National League. The team finished in last place in the league with a 36\u201394 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030115-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030115-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030115-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030115-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030115-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030116-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Maryland Aggies football team\nThe 1894 Maryland Aggies football team represented the Maryland Agricultural College (now the University of Maryland) in the 1894 college football season. Maryland participated as a member of the Maryland Intercollegiate Football Association, which was formed as a result of a disagreement the previous season over whether Maryland or St. John's College deserved the state championship. The Aggies finished the season with a 4\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030116-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Maryland Aggies football team\nThe following year, the football program was temporarily disbanded until the 1896 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030117-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Massachusetts Aggies football team\nThe 1894 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1894 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 3\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030118-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894. Incumbent Republican Governor Frederic Greenhalge was re-elected to a second term in office, defeating Democratic former U.S. Representative John E. Russell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030119-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 115th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1894 during the governorship of Frederic T. Greenhalge. William M. Butler served as president of the Senate and George von Lengerke Meyer served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030120-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1894 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University during the 1894 college football season. There was no paid head coach for the season. They played in 3 games and had a 1\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030121-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team\nThe 1894 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team represented Michigan State Normal School (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) during the 1894 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Verne S. Bennett, the Normalites compiled a record of 5\u20132 and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 176 to 70. Charles D. Livingston was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1894 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented the University of Michigan in the 1894 college football season. In its first season under head coach William McCauley, the team compiled a 9\u20131\u20131 record and outscored its opponents by a combined score of 244 to 84.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe Wolverines played two games against Cornell, losing at Ithaca and winning the second game in Detroit. The win over Cornell \"marked the first time in collegiate football history that a western school defeated an established power from the east.\" The Wolverines closed the season with a victory over Amos Alonzo Stagg's University of Chicago Maroons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nPrior to the 1894 season, three individuals took charge of the Michigan football program\u2014each of whom would play an important role in its development. The first was Charles A. Baird, manager of the football team who later became Michigan's first athletic director and was the person who hired Fielding H. Yost in 1901. In 1894, Baird hired William McCauley, who had played at the tackle position on Princeton's championship team in 1893, as Michigan's head football coach. In two years as Michigan's head coach, McCauley led the Wolverines to a 17\u20132\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0002-0001", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nThe third member of Michigan's football triumvirate in 1894 was Keene Fitzpatrick, a nationally known track coach, who Baird hired as the football team's trainer. Baird's hiring of McCauley and Fitzpatrick led to a heightened level of interest in the football team. The Michigan Alumnus described the impact of the new coaching staff:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\n\"The work of both of these enthusiasts can be seen in the practice of the team from day to day. At a mass meeting held last month great enthusiasm was shown by students, and several hundred dollars was [sic] raised for the team. Thus, for the first time in the history of Michigan football, the manager was able to secure the necessary equipment for a first-class eleven. Lack of money has been the cry hitherto.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season\nSeveral players returned in 1894 from the 1893 team, including quarterback and team captain James Baird, halfbacks Gustave Ferbert, Horace Dyer, and George Dygert, guard \"Pa\" Heninger, center C. H. Smith, end Henry Senter, and tackle Giovanni \"Count\" Villa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 1: Michigan Military Academy\nThe Michigan football team opened the 1894 season on October 6, 1894, with its first of two games against the Michigan Military Academy from Orchard Lake, Michigan. The 50-minute game was played before 900 spectators at Regents Field and ended in a 12\u201312 tie. A large contingent from the Academy attended the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 89], "content_span": [90, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 1: Michigan Military Academy\nThe game was preceded by a Friday evening mass meeting. Enthusiasm was high, and the team was well supported throughout the game. Left halfback John A. Bloomingston scored Michigan's first touchdown and kicked goal. The Military Academy tied the game a short time later on a touchdown by Burrows and goal kick by Deering. The score was tied at 6\u20136 at halftime. Four minutes into the second half, the Military Academy executed a double pass, and Burrows ran around end for a touchdown, with Deering again kicking goal. Eleven minutes later, Michigan tied the score on a short touchdown carry by fullback George Dygert and goal kick by Bloomingston. Dygert later missed a drop-kick field goal attempt from the 30-yard line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 89], "content_span": [90, 811]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 1: Michigan Military Academy\nThe Inlander, a monthly magazine published by students at the University of Michigan, noted that the team had been training for only four days, and the result was \"quite a disappointment for those interested in the team.\" The Michigan Alumnus also blamed the result on lack of training, noting that the team did not commence practice until October 1, and concluding that the Academy's Cadets \"had the advantage of longer training, and played a quick, snappy game.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 89], "content_span": [90, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0008-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 1: Michigan Military Academy\nMichigan's lineup against Michigan Military Academy was George Greenleaf (left end), Walter A. Parker (left tackle), Bert Carr (left guard), Warren Rundell (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), Ralph W. E. Hayes (right tackle), H. G. Hadden (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Bloomingston (left halfback), Jesse Yont (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 89], "content_span": [90, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0009-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 2: Albion\nOn October 13, 1894, Michigan defeated Albion, 26 to 10, at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. The game was the 11th meeting between the Michigan and Albion football teams with Michigan winning ten games and Albion winning one. As of 1894, Michigan had played more games against Albion than any other team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0010-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 2: Albion\nBloomingston scored Michigan's first touchdown, and Dygert kicked goal. A full recitation of Michigan's scoring has not been found, but The U. of M. Daily reported that Bloomingston scored two touchdowns in the game while Yont and Leonard also ran for touchdowns. Dygert kicked two goals from touchdown in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0011-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 2: Albion\nMichigan's lineup against Albion was Greenleaf (left end), Parker (left tackle), Carr (left guard), Smith (center), Henninger (right guard), Yont (right tackle), Price (right end), Baird (quarterback), Bloomingston (left halfback), Richards (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0012-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 3: Olivet\nOn October 17, 1894, Michigan defeated Olivet, 48\u20130, at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. The game was the second and final meeting between Michigan and Olivet. Michigan won the first game in 1891 by a score of 18 to 6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0013-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 3: Olivet\nLeft halfback Gustave Ferbert scored Michigan's first and second touchdowns, and the kick for goal failed each time. Michigan led, 8\u20130. Jesse Yont scored the third touchdown, and the kick for goal was good. Michigan led, 14\u20130. Right guard Frederick W. Henninger scored the fourth and fifth touchdowns, and one of the goals was kicked. Michigan led, 24\u20130, at halftime. In the second half, Michigan scored four touchdowns and kicked all four goals from touchdown. Touchdowns were scored by Yont (25-yard run), Raynor Freund, Herman Leonard, and Frank Villa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0014-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 3: Olivet\nThe Detroit Free Press wrote that, following the lopsided win, \"[t]he croakers are silent to-night.\" Olivet gained positive yardage on only 10 plays in the entire game and gained the required five yards for a first down only three times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0015-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 3: Olivet\nMichigan's starting lineup was made up of George Greenleaf (left end), Villa (left tackle), Bert Carr (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), Henninger (right guard), Yont (right tackle), H. G. Hadden (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Ferbert (left halfback), J. De Forest Richards (right halfback), and Horace Dyer (fullback). Substitutions were Daniel Ninde for Carr, Leonard for Ferbert, and Freund for Richards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0016-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 4: Michigan Military Academy\nOn October 21, 1894, Michigan played a second game against the Michigan Military Academy (M.M.A.) After playing M.M.A. to a tie 13 days earlier, the Wolverines soundly defeated the Cadets, 40\u20136, in the rematch. The game was played before a crowd of 800 spectators at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. Michigan touchdowns in the first half were scored by Frank Villa, Richards (2), and Yont. Baird made one kick for goal, and Michigan led, 18\u20130, at halftime. In the second half, two touchdowns were scored by Bloomingston, and single touchdowns were scored by Henninger, Yont, and Bloomingston. Bloomingston also kicked two goals from touchdown. Michigan's team captain and quarterback Baird was injured in the game and was unable to play for three weeks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 89], "content_span": [90, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0017-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 4: Michigan Military Academy\nMichigan's lineup against M.M.A. was George Greenleaf (left end), Villa (left tackle), Ninde (left guard), Smith (center), Henninger (right guard), Yont (right tackle), Hadden (right end), Baird (quarterback), Ferbert (left halfback), Bloomingston (right halfback), and Dyer (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 89], "content_span": [90, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0018-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 5: Adrian\nOn October 23, 1894, Michigan defeated Adrian, 46\u20130, at Regents Field. The game was the first and last game between the Michigan and Adrian football teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0019-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 5: Adrian\nThe game was played in \"a steady downpour of rain and was witnessed by a small crowd.\" Michigan scored six touchdowns in the first half and three in the second half. The first half was 30 minutes in length, and the second half was limited to 10 minutes due to darkness. Right halfback John A. Bloomingston scored four touchdowns. Right guard Frederick A. Henninger scored three, and single touchdowns were scored by left halfback Gustave Ferbert and fullback Dyer. Bloomingston also kicked at least two goals from touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0020-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 5: Adrian\nThe team's captain, James Baird, did not play due to injury. Ferbert acted as captain in Baird's absence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0021-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 5: Adrian\nMichigan's lineup against Adrian was Edward Ryan (left end), John W. Reynolds (left tackle), Daniel Ninde (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), Henninger (right guard), Jesse Yont (right tackle), H. G. Hadden (right end), Norris (quarterback), Ferbert (left halfback), Bloomingston (right halfback), and Horace Dyer (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0022-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 6: Case\nOn October 27, 1894, Michigan defeated Case, 18\u20138, at League Park in Cleveland. Case had not been defeated in two years. The game was the first meeting between Michigan and Case. The two teams played each other 27 times between 1894 and 1923, with Michigan winning 26 of those games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0023-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 6: Case\nRight halfback John A. Bloomingston scored all 18 points for Michigan with three touchdowns, including a 30-yard touchdown run in the second half, and three goals after touchdown. The Detroit Free Press also praised left halfback Gustave Ferbert for having consistently \"wriggled\" away from the Case tacklers and covered himself in glory. Riley scored two touchdowns for Case.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0024-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 6: Case\nThe game was described as \"by long odds the finest and best game of the season so far as Cleveland is concerned.\" Michigan's win was attributed to \"the superior strength and weight of their rush line,\" and its line play was described as \"beautiful to see\" and \"about as fine as could be imagined.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0025-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 6: Case\nMichigan's captain and quarterback James Baird, did not play due to injury. Ferbert acted as captain in Baird's absence. Ferbert sustained \"a fearful kick in the head ... cutting his scalp badly, but he stubbornly continued playing.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0026-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 6: Case\nMichigan's 11 starters played the entire 60-minute game without substitution. They were Hadden (left end), Villa (left tackle), Ninde (left guard), Smith (center), Henninger (right guard), Yont (right tackle), Price (right end), Greenleaf (quarterback), Bloomingston (right halfback), Ferbert (left halfback), and Dyer (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0027-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 7: at Cornell\nOn November 3, 1894, Michigan lost to Cornell, 22\u20130, before a crowd of 1,000 spectators at Percy Field in Ithaca, New York. It was Michigan's seventh consecutive loss to Cornell dating back to 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0028-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 7: at Cornell\nThe game was played in halves of 35 and 25 minutes. Kelly scored Cornell's first touchdown at the 6-minute mark, and the kick for goal failed. Rogers scored Cornell's second touchdown, but the goal was again missed, and Cornell led 8\u20130 at halftime. In the second half, Beacham of Cornell quickly scored two touchdowns. Near the end of the game, Starbuckle ran 25 yards for a final Cornell touchdown. Fullback Ohl of Cornell made only one of five kicks for goal for touchdown. Heavy rain fell through most of the game. The loss to Cornell was Michigan's only loss of the 1894 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0029-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 7: at Cornell\nMichigan's lineup against Cornell was Hadden (left end), Villa (left tackle), Carr (left guard), Smith (center), Henninger (right guard), Reynolds (right tackle), Price (right end), Ferbert (quarterback), Richards (left halfback), Bloomingston (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback). Michigan played the game without its captain and starting quarterback, James Baird, following a knee injury sustained in the October 21 game with the Michigan Military Academy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0030-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 8: vs. Kansas\nOn November 10, 1894, Michigan defeated Kansas, 22\u201312, before a crowd of 5,000 spectators at Exposition Park in Kansas City, Missouri. It was the second meeting between the two schools, Michigan, having won the first meeting in 1893 by a score of 22 to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0031-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 8: vs. Kansas\nMichigan won the coin toss at the start of the game and chose to play with the wind during the first half. On the opening kickoff, Ferbert \"made a pretty run of 20 yards,\" and Michigan drove the distance of the field for a touchdown. The biggest gains on the scoring drive were runs of 25 yards by Bloomingston and 20 yards by Dyer. Dygert scored the touchdown at the 9-minute mark with Bloomingston kicking the goal from touchdown to give Michigan a 6\u20130 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0031-0001", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 8: vs. Kansas\nAt the 7-minute mark, Senter scored Michigan's second touchdown on a 30-yard run, and Bloomingston again kicked goal. Price scored Michigan's third touchdown, but the Wolverines missed the goal kick and led, 16\u20130. Later in the half, Kansas right end Armour ran 75 yards for a touchdown, and Piatt kicked the goal. Shortly before halftime, Michigan blocked a Kansas kick and Ferbert fell on the ball one foot from Kansas' goal line. Time was called by the linesman before Michigan could run another play, and the Wolverines led, 16\u20136, at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0032-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 8: vs. Kansas\nAccording to the game account in the Detroit Free Press, \"the Michigan team seemed to go completely to pieces\" during the second half. Hester scored a touchdown for Kansas to narrow the lead to 16\u201310; Kansas' kick for goal was unsuccessful. Ferbert scored Michigan's final touchdown in the second half, and Bloomington kicked the goal to give Michigan a 22\u201312 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0033-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 8: vs. Kansas\nThe Detroit Free Press reported: \"Despite a cold bleak day, 5,000 people witnessed the contest and pronounced it the best ever seen in Kansas City. Society was out in full force, the entire east side of the field being packed with carriages of every description.\" The Nebraska State Journal wrote: \"Michigan won the game by sheer strength. Her team is unusually heavy and her centers a stone wall.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0034-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 8: vs. Kansas\nTen of Michigan's starters played the entire game without substitution. They are Senter (left end), Villa (left tackle), Carr (left guard), Smith (center), Henninger (right guard), Reynolds (right tackle), Price (right end), Ferbert (quarterback), Dygert (left halfback), and Bloomingston (right halfback). Dyer started the game at fullback, but was replaced due to injury by Baird. Baird was then replaced by Richards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0035-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 9: Oberlin\nOn November 17, 1894, Michigan defeated Oberlin, 14\u20136, on Regents Field in Ann Arbor. The crowd was stated as 1,200 by The U. of M. Daily and Detroit Free Press, but was stated as 2,200 in The Michigan Alumnus. Even at 1,200 persons, The U. of M. Daily called it \"[p]robably the largest crowd\" ever on Michigan's athletic field. The Detroit Free Press added: \"The game was the hardest played here this season, but was characterized by gentlemanly playing throughout. . . . Michigan played slow at first, but gradually warmed up to the work and showed its strength. Every man on the team played good ball. Villa was particularly good and did brilliant work on the offense and defense.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 71], "content_span": [72, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0036-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 9: Oberlin\nOberlin scored the game's first points on a 60-yard touchdown run by Boothman, a sprinter who had run the 100-yard dash in 10 seconds. Bogrand kicked the goal from touchdown, and Oberlin led, 6\u20130. Michigan did not score until 16 minutes into the game. Michigan's first touchdown was scored by Bloomingston, completing a steady drive down the field. Bloomingston missed the goal after touchdown and trailed, 6\u20134, at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 71], "content_span": [72, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0037-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 9: Oberlin\nIn the second half, \"Michigan had it all her own way, Oberlin fought hard, but could do nothing against the constant hammering of her line.\" Michigan halfback Richards scored six minutes into the second half, but Michigan again missed the goal after touchdown. Michigan led, 8\u20136. The final touchdown was scored by Villa \"who broke through the line, and tossing all tacklers off, ran 40 yards for a touchdown.\" Bloomingston kicked the goal from touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 71], "content_span": [72, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0038-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 9: Oberlin\nUniversity of Chicago head coach Amos Alonzo Stagg acted as umpire in the game. The Detroit Free Press complained that Stagg's \"biased decisions\" slowed Michigan's progress and opined that he was \"decidedly one-sided in his decisions, giving Oberlin the ball four times for holding and also 40 yards for off side.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 71], "content_span": [72, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0039-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 9: Oberlin\nAll 11 of Michigan's starters played the entire game without substitution. They were Senter (left end), Villa (left tackle), Carr (left guard), Smith (center), Henninger (right guard), Hadden (right tackle), Price (right end), Ferbert (quarterback), Richards (left halfback), Dygert (right halfback), and Bloomingston (fullback).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 71], "content_span": [72, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0040-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell\nAfter losing to Cornell earlier in the season, Michigan played Cornell again on November 24, 1894, this time at the Detroit Athletic Club Field in Detroit. With team captain Baird back in the lineup at quarterback, Michigan fans anticipated a close match. In preparation for the game, The Michigan Daily developed a plan to have the Michigan fans sing appropriate songs to familiar tunes during the game, and a yell-master was appointed to lead the \"noise-making ceremonies,\" including the \"time-honored college yell and cheers and the foghorns, etc.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0041-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell\nTwo-thousand students traveled from Ann Arbor to watch the game, as did \"a considerable number of the faculty.\" The Detroit Free Press described the commotion created by the large crowd arriving by train:  \"Striking Woodward avenue this advance column made policemen for blocks prick up their ears for a moment by their yells and onward the legions filed . . . Every place showing a profusion of yellow chrysanthemums in a window was looted . . .\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0042-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell\nThe game was started at 2:30\u00a0p.m. on a cloudy and chilly afternoon before 4,000 spectators, the largest crowd ever present at a game in Detroit. Michigan scored a touchdown in the first half on a series of tackle plays in which Senter, Ferbert, Villa, Dyer and Bloomingston participated. Cornell followed with its own touchdown but missed the goal after touchdown. In the second half, Michigan drove the ball to Cornell's 2\u00bd yard line, and Yont fell on the ball for a touchdown. Bloomingston kicked the goal after touchdown to make the score 12 to 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0043-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell\nThe Detroit Free Press described the efforts of Michigan's yell-master to incite the crowd:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0044-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell\n\"Stationed at regular intervals along the line were the howling master and his worthy assistants. . . . The howling master would raise his cane and start the college yell and the hundreds nearest him would join in. . . . At first these yells could be heard nearly to Grand Circus park, but in the last ten minutes of play the real enjoyment was in watching the facial movements of the howlers. Their voices had been wafted away by the gentle breezes and all that was left was a rasping, guttural sound accompanied by an expression of determination but nothing vocal to carry it out.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0045-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell\nMichigan did not allow Cornell to score in the second half and won the game 12 to 4. One newspaper described the ferocity of the game as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0046-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell\n\"The fiercest struggle at football that ever took place on Michigan soil was the game between Michigan and Cornell universities. It was pluck against pluck, strategy against strategy, strength against strength, and Michigan developed the most strategy, had the most strength, but in pluck honors were even.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0047-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell\nWhen the game ended, \"[t]he crowd went wild, and hats, canes and everything available flew into the air. Over the ropes went the crowd and the fortunate players were picked up and carried from the field.\" A group of 500 students, stretching a block in length, towed a large green bus carrying the team from the athletic grounds. The procession, accompanied by a large crowd, moved loudly up Woodward Avenue with the team in tow until the bus reached Russell House where the team spent the night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0047-0001", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell\nThe team was entertained by a vaudeville show while seated in the boxes at the Whitney Opera House, which was decorated with chrysanthemums and colored ribbons. According to an account in the Detroit Free Press, the city was given over to \"the U. of M. boys\" for the night: \"Wherever one turned he was confronted with the din and tumult; the ear-splitting yells from throats with vocal chords of extraordinary vibratory possibilities.\" The police \"showed no disposition to exercise any authority to quell this miniature riot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0047-0002", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell\nProbably they knew that it would be like battling with the raging elements, and wisely resorted to extreme discretion.\" Many of the city's residents were reportedly entertained by the spectacle: \"Heretofore some idea of college boys had only been gleaned from a minstrel performance ... But last night the city was deluged with college enthusiasm, and the vitality of the boys was something amazing and awe-inspiring. There seemed to be no limit to their energy.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0048-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell\nAll but one of Michigan's starters played the entire game. The starting lineup for Michigan was: Senter (left end), Villa (left tackle), Carr (left guard), Smith (center), Henninger (right guard), Hadden (right tackle), Price (right end), Baird (quarterback), Ferbert (left halfback), Bloomingston (right halfback), and Dyer (fullback). The sole Michigan substitution was Yont for Villa after Villa wrenched his leg and had to leave the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0049-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell, Historical significance of the Cornell game\nThe victory over Cornell was the first by a Michigan football team against one of the elite Eastern football team, and \"the Michigan men went wild\" as blue and yellow were \"all the colors that could be seen.\" One newspaper wrote that the victory placed Michigan among the top programs in football: \"The victory places Michigan in the position of worthy foeman of Yale, Harvard, Princeton or Pennsylvania.\" The Detroit Free Press filled its front page with a lengthy account of the game under the headline, \"GLORIOUS!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 121], "content_span": [122, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0049-0001", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell, Historical significance of the Cornell game\n\", and proclaimed the start of \"halcyon days at the university\" and opined that \"the day of logy teams, slow signalling and dumb playing at the university are but pages in history now.\" The Free Press predicted that the victory would mark a turning point in the popularity of football in the West, such that \"it will become the only acknowledged game of the fall, and its devotees will outnumber those of any other game.\" The University of Michigan yearbook, The Palladium, wrote: \"The enthusiasm of that day at Detroit transformed our foot ball team from the practically 'backwoods' organization that they were to skillful, scientific players of the great American game of foot ball. Let the good work go on.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 121], "content_span": [122, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0050-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell, Historical significance of the Cornell game\nOn the Monday evening following the game, 3,000 students gathered for a mass meeting in University Hall to celebrate the victory. Speeches were delivered University President James Burrill Angell, Coach McCauley, team captain James Baird, and team manager Charles Baird. President Angell told the crowd, \"I have been asked often today, 'What will be the effect of the game?' I am neither a prophet or the son of a prophet, but there is one thing of great value that I believe will result. . . . I think the benefit of victory lies in the cultivation of this broad, generous university spirit that pervades all departments and makes us feel here one interest and common joy.\" After the mass meeting, the students gathered until midnight around a large bonfire on the campus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 121], "content_span": [122, 895]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0051-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell, Historical significance of the Cornell game\nIn December 1894, The Michigan Alumnus credited the victory over Cornell with the formation of permanent alumni associations in various cities:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 121], "content_span": [122, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0052-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: vs. Cornell, Historical significance of the Cornell game\n\"Michigan alumni all over the country are rejoicing because of our great victory over Cornell on the foot-ball field. It presages better days for athletics at the University, for it means that hereafter we may look for greater encouragement from the authorities and from the student body than ever  before this. It is proving a new and powerful bond of union and sympathy among our alumni. Brought together, as in Buffalo, to celebrate this foot-ball victory, our graduates have felt the old fire of enthusiasm for their grand old University, and have formed permanent alumni associations, the value and importance of which is bound to be great.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 121], "content_span": [122, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0053-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 11: at Chicago\nOn Thanksgiving Day, November 29, 1894, Michigan closed its 1894 season with a 6\u20134 victory over Amos Alonzo Stagg's Chicago Maroons. The game was played before a crowd of 5,000 spectators at Marshall Field in Chicago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0054-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 11: at Chicago\nAn account published in the Detroit Free Press described the atmosphere surrounding the game: \"The east and south sides of the field were lined with tally-hos, landaus, etc. Everyone wore the colors of one of the colleges. The yellow and blue of Michigan was as prominently displayed as was the maroon of Chicago. Everyone was out to yell for his respective team and from the noise it seemed as if pandemonium had been turned loose.\" Michigan's team was accompanied onto the field by \"a little negro mascot\" of 8 to 10 years who wore a uniform of blue on one side and yellow on the other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0055-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 11: at Chicago\nGale of Chicago scored the game's first touchdown at the 10-minute mark and missed the kick for goal from touchdown. Michigan drove deep into Chicago during the first half, but fumbled three times. The U. of M. Daily attributed the fumbles to \"Chicago's peculiar way of tackling. Instead of getting the man, her tacklers would hit the ball out of the runner's hand, if possible.\" The first half ended with the score 4 to 0 in favor of Chicago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0056-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 11: at Chicago\nMichigan won the game on a touchdown drive late in the second half that featured long runs by Senter and LeRoy. On the final play of the drive, Michigan focused its blocking on the center, and Ferbert ran around the end for the touchdown. Dyer kicked the goal after touchdown. Near the end of the game, Bloomingston narrowly missed a field goal attempt from the 40-yard line, with the ball passing just under the cross bar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0057-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 11: at Chicago\nA controversy arose after the game as Michigan supporters charged that \"Stagg had secured [Michigan]'s signals and made use of the knowledge, hoping to win by any means, however questionable.\" In another account, the Detroit Free Press complained of biased officiating by the umpire, Phil Allen, who was a cousin of Chicago's captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0058-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 11: at Chicago\nThe game was Michigan's second consecutive Thanksgiving Day game against Chicago. The first game, in 1893, drew a crowd of 2,000, and in 1894, the attendance more than doubled. The large attendance solidified Chicago's status as Michigan's \"natural rival,\" and The Michigan Alumnus reported that \"all parties hope to make this game the leading athletic event of the west, but above all to have the contest manly and free from criticism.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0059-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 11: at Chicago\nMichigan's starting lineup in the game was Senter (left end), Villa (left tackle), Carr (left guard), Smith (center), Henninger (right guard), Hadden (right tackle), Price (right end), Baird (quarterback), Ferbert (left halfback), Dyer (right halfback), and Bloomingston (fullback). The sole substitutions for Michigan were Yont for Villa and Reynolds for Price. Price and Gale of Chicago were ejected from the game for \"slugging.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0060-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season\nAfter totaling seven wins in 1892 and again in 1893, Michigan's nine wins in 1894 marked the highest win total in Michigan football history to that time. In an article on Inter-Collegiate Athletics in the Middle West, Reuben M. Strong of Oberlin College wrote, \"Michigan University, without doubt, deserves the honors of first place in foot-ball for '94. Wisconsin University would make a close second. Unfortunately the two did not meet, as Michigan is inclined to give more attention to the Eastern colleges of late.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0061-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season\nIn April 1895, the report by the treasurer of the University of Michigan Athletic Association showed a cash balance of $1,013.17. Receipts for the year totaled $5,613.17, with game receipts comprising $4,100. Expenditures included $3,350 for \"trips and foot-ball expenses,\" $560 for a coach, $440 for the training table, and $150 for printing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030122-0062-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Varsity\nThe following 22 players received varsity letters for their participation on Michigan's 1894 football team. Players who started at least six games are displayed in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 58], "content_span": [59, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030123-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894. Incumbent Republican John T. Rich defeated Democratic candidate Spencer O. Fisher with 56.89% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030124-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1894 Minnesota Golden Gophers Football Team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1894 college football season. It was Minnesota's only season under head coach Thomas Cochran, and it featured Minnesota's first trip to Madison, Wisconsin, a game which they were heavily favored to win. However, Wisconsin won a hard-fought game with a score of 6\u20130. The season also featured Minnesota's first game against Purdue, resulting in a decisive 24\u20130 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030125-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Minnesota Senate election\nThe 1894 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 6, 1894, to elect members to the Senate of the 29th and 30th Minnesota Legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030125-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Minnesota Senate election\nThe Minnesota Republican Party won a large majority of seats, followed by the new People's Party and the Minnesota Democratic Party. The new Legislature convened on January 8, 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030125-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Minnesota Senate election\nNumerous Democratic candidates were also endorsed by the People's Party, and one was also endorsed by the Prohibition Party. However, all planned to caucus with the Democrats in the Senate, and are thus listed as part of their total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030125-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Minnesota Senate election, Results\n*These totals count candidates endorsed by the Democratic and People's Parties in the totals for the Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030126-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1894. Republican Party of Minnesota incumbent Knute Nelson easily defeated People's Party challenger Sidney M. Owen and Democratic Party of Minnesota candidate George Loomis Becker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030127-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1894 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri as a member of the Western Interstate University Football Association (WIUFA) during the 1894 college football season. In its second season under head coach Harry Orman Robinson, the team compiled a 4\u20133 record (2\u20131 against WIUFA championship) and tied with Nebraska for the conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030128-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Montgomeryshire by-election\nThe 1894 Montgomery by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 29 March 1894 for the British House of Commons constituency of Montgomeryshire, known at the time as Montgomery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030128-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Montgomeryshire by-election, Cause\nThe seat had become vacant when the constituency's Member of Parliament (MP), Stuart Rendel was elevated to the peerage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030128-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Montgomeryshire by-election, Candidates\n- Arthur Humphreys-Owen was a Welsh barrister, landowner, sometime Deputy Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire and was chairman of Montgomeryshire County Council for a time. He was the Liberal Party candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030128-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Montgomeryshire by-election, Candidates\n- Watkin Williams-Wynn was a Welsh soldier, landowner and Master of the Flint and Denbigh Foxhounds. He was the Conservative Party candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030129-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 NYU Violets football team\nThe 1894 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1894 college football season. The Violets compiled an 0\u20133 record for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030130-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1894 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1894 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach William Wurtenburg, the Midshipmen compiled a 4\u20131\u20132 record, shut out three opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined score of 72 to 30. The Army\u2013Navy Game was canceled due to Presidential cabinet order.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030131-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Nebraska Bugeaters football team\nThe 1894 Nebraska Bugeaters football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 1894 college football season. The team was coached by second-year head coach Frank Crawford and played their home games at the \"M\" Street Park in Lincoln, Nebraska. They competed as members of the Western Interstate University Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030131-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Nebraska Bugeaters football team\nFor the first time in program history, Nebraska started the season with a returning head coach. Crawford left after the season to become the head football coach at Texas. NU played a pre-season exhibition game against Lincoln High.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030131-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Lincoln High\nFor the first time, Nebraska played an exhibition game prior to the regular season. Results and statistics from this game did not count toward the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030131-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Grinnell\nGrinnell had won four of the previous five Iowa state championships prior to their first game against Nebraska. A hard-fought first half ended scoreless, but the underdog Bugeaters used three second-half touchdowns by George Flippin to pull away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030131-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Doane\nDoane scored once in each half to upset the Bugeaters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 60], "content_span": [61, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030131-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, at Missouri\nNebraska's first conference game in 1894 was a trip to Missouri. The Tigers won 18\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 66], "content_span": [67, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030131-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, at Omaha YMCA\nNebraska's first-ever football game was a tightly contested game against the Omaha YMCA, but by 1894 the Bugeaters outmatched the YMCA's team of high school students and other Omaha residents. Nebraska led 30\u20130 lead at halftime, and won the game 36\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 68], "content_span": [69, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030131-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, at Kansas\nAn officiating dispute delayed kickoff, but once underway Kansas took an early 6\u20130 lead. The Bugeaters pulled ahead 8\u20136 by halftime and kept the Jayhawks off the scoreboard in the second half to win for the first time against Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030131-0008-0000", "contents": "1894 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, at Kansas\nUniversity of Kansas records suggest this game was played on November 22, 1894 in Lincoln.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030131-0009-0000", "contents": "1894 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, at Ottawa\nThough the game was planned just one week ahead of time, efforts were made to publicize the match, drawing over 400 locals from the area to watch. Nebraska padded its roster in preparation, adding head coach Frank Crawford as a quarterback and another (unnamed) football coach as a fullback. Nebraska's first half touchdown was the only scoring of the day. This was the only game ever played between Nebraska and Ottawa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030131-0010-0000", "contents": "1894 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Iowa\nNebraska's final conference game was a trip to Omaha to meet Iowa. Nebraska, led by future Utah governor and United States Secretary of War George Dern, dominated the game en route to a 36\u20130 win. The win gave Nebraska a share of its first conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030131-0011-0000", "contents": "1894 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Iowa\nUniversity of Iowa records suggest the final score of this game was a 14\u201312 Nebraska victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030131-0012-0000", "contents": "1894 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, at Omaha YMCA\nAfter a dominating Nebraska victory just weeks prior, the Omaha YMCA nearly upset the Bugeaters in a Christmas Day rematch. The YMCA led 6\u20130 at halftime but Nebraska answered with 10 points in the second half to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 68], "content_span": [69, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030132-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Nevada gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Nevada gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030132-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Nevada gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Republican Governor Roswell K. Colcord did not stand for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030132-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Nevada gubernatorial election\nSilver Party nominee John Edward Jones defeated Republican nominee Abner Coburn Cleveland, Populist nominee George Peckham, and Democratic nominee Theodore Winters with 49.87% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030133-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 New Hampshire football team\nThe 1894 New Hampshire football team was an American football team that represented New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts during the 1894 college football season\u2014the school became the University of New Hampshire in 1923. The team played a five-game schedule, including the program's first contests against other college teams, Bates and Saint Anselm, and finished with a record of 2\u20133, being outscored by their opponents by a total of 74 to 32.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030133-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 New Hampshire football team, Schedule\nScoring during this era awarded 4 points for a touchdown, 2 points for a conversion kick (extra point), and 5 points for a field goal. Teams played in the one-platoon system and the forward pass was not yet legal. Games were played in two halves rather than four quarters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030133-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 New Hampshire football team, Schedule\nA report by the student manager of the team, Lewis H. Kittredge, indicates that two other games had been planned for the season but had to be cancelled; one against McGaw Institute (Merrimack, New Hampshire) and another against the \"Andover second eleven\" (Phillips Academy of Andover, Massachusetts). Kittredge would go on to become president of the Peerless Motor Company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030134-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 New Hampshire gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894. Republican nominee Charles A. Busiel defeated Democratic nominee Henry O. Kent with 55.98% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030135-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 New South Wales colonial election\nThe 1894 New South Wales colonial election was held on 17 July 1894 for all of the 125 seats in the 16th New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in single-member constituencies with a first past the post voting system. Section 23 (1) of the Parliamentary Electorates and Elections Act of 1893 conferred a right to vote on 'every male person, being a natural born [British] subject, who shall have resided or had his principalplace of abode in New South Wales for a continuous period of one year'. The 15th parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 25 June 1894 by the Governor, Sir Robert Duff, on the advice of the Premier, George Dibbs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030135-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 New South Wales colonial election\nThis election saw the elimination of multi-member districts. At the previous election there had been 20 two-member districts, 10 three-member districts, and 9 four-member districts. Their elimination also saw the Assembly reduced in size from 141 to 125 members. Also, for the first time, the election was conducted on the one day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030135-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 New South Wales colonial election\nAlthough he had lost control of the Assembly, Dibbs did not resign until after parliament had reconvened, when the Governor forced his hand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030135-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 New South Wales colonial election, Results\nNew South Wales colonial election, 17 July 1894\u200aLegislative Assembly << 1891\u20131895 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030136-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 New South Wales rugby union tour of New Zealand\nThe 1894 New South Wales tour of New Zealand was a rugby union tour of New Zealand undertaken by the New South Wales (NSW) representative side. During the tour NSW played matches against provincial New Zealand sides, and one against a representative New Zealand team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030136-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 New South Wales rugby union tour of New Zealand\nNew South Wales won four of the matches, including the inter-colonial match against New Zealand, and lost the other eight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030136-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 New South Wales rugby union tour of New Zealand, Summary\nThe New South Wales team, known as \"Cornstalks\", played their twelve tour matches in only one month. They lost all their matches against North Island sides, but in the South Island lost only one match\u2014against Canterbury. Their wins in the South Island included the only match against New Zealand, which was an 8\u20136 victory in Christchurch. Reflecting on the tour after returning to Australia, members of the team claimed that the wet weather they experienced in the North Island accounted for their poor results there, with the New Zealander's displaying much better ball handling skills in such weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 61], "content_span": [62, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030136-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 New South Wales rugby union tour of New Zealand, Matches\nScores and results list New South Wales' points tally first:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 61], "content_span": [62, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030136-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 New South Wales rugby union tour of New Zealand, Touring party\nThe New South Wales Rugby Union selected 25 players to represent the colony on tour. However according to Sydney's Evening News although \"the names of some really first-class players are included in the team it cannot be called a thoroughly representative one\" due to the absence of a number of players. The team were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 67], "content_span": [68, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030137-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 New Year Honours\nThe New Year Honours 1894 were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were published in The Times on 1 January 1984 and in The London Gazette on 2 January 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030137-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030138-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 New York Giants season\nThe 1894 New York Giants season was the franchise's 12th season. The team finished second in the National League pennant race with an 88\u201344 record, 3 games behind the Baltimore Orioles. After the regular season's conclusion, they participated in the first Temple Cup competition against the first-place Orioles. The Giants won in a sweep, four games to none. During the season, the Giants scored 962 runs, the most in franchise history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030138-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030138-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030138-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030138-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030139-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 New York state election\nThe 1894 New York state election was held on November 6, 1894, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor and a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly. Besides, a new State Constitution and four other constitutional amendments were proposed to the electorate, and were all accepted. Furthermore, the inhabitants of New York County and adjacent communities were asked if they wanted to join the proposed enlarged New York City, a project known as The Consolidation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030139-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Socialist Labor state convention met in June in Syracuse, and nominated Charles H. Matchett for Governor; William F. Steer for Lieutenant Governor; and Francis Gerau for the Court of Appeals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030139-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Prohibition state convention met on June 26 at Alhambra Hall in Syracuse, New York. Rev. Stanley B. Roberts, of Utica, was Temporary and Permanent Chairman. The convention met again on June 27, and nominated Francis E. Baldwin, a lawyer from Elmira, for Governor; Justus Miller, a collar-and-cuff manufacturer from Troy, for Lieutenant Governor; and Zachariah P. Taylor, of Rochester, for the Court of Appeals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030139-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 New York state election, Nominations\nThe People's Party state convention met on September 11 at the Town Hall in Saratoga, New York. De Myre S. Fero was Temporary Chairman until the choice of C. R. White, of Miller's Corners, as Permanent Chairman. Charles B. Matthews, manager of the Buffalo Refining Company and arch-enemy of the Standard Oil Company\", was nominated for Governor; Robert C. Hewson, of Penn Yan for Lieutenant Governor, and Thaddeus B. Wakeman for the Court of Appeals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030139-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Republican state convention met on September 18 at Saratoga, New York. Lemuel E. Quigg was Temporary Chairman until the choice of Warner Miller as Permanent Chairman. Ex-U.S. Vice President Levi P. Morton (in office 1889-1893) was nominated for Governor on the first ballot (vote: Morton 532\u00bd, J. Sloat Fassett 69, Cornelius N. Bliss 40\u00bd, Stewart L. Woodford 40, Daniel Butterfield 29, Leslie W. Russell 20, James Arkell 1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030139-0004-0001", "contents": "1894 New York state election, Nominations\nCharles T. Saxton was nominated after receiving 340 votes on the first ballot (393 votes were cast for James W. Wadsworth, George W. Aldridge, George E. Green, Arthur C. Wade, Francis Hendricks, Henry J. Coggeshall, Albert D. Shaw and Azariah C. Brundage) and a few subsequent changes. Albert Haight was nominated for the Court of Appeals on the second ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030139-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Democratic state convention met on September 26 at the Skating Rink in Saratoga, New York. U.S. Senator, and Ex-Governor, David B. Hill was Temporary and Permanent Chairman. After the McLaughlin delegates were seated from Kings County, the Anti- McLaughlin delegation, led by Edward M. Shepard, walked out of this convention. Hill for Governor, Daniel N. Lockwood for Lieutenant Governor, and William J. Gaynor for the Court of Appeals, were nominated by acclamation. Gaynor declined to run, and the Democratic State Committee met on October 6 at the Park Avenue Hotel in New York City, and substituted Charles F. Brown on the ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030139-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 New York state election, Nominations\nThe \"Democratic Party Reform Organization\" of Brooklyn, led by Edward M. Shepard, met on October 9 at Shepard's office at 111, Broadway, and nominated Everett P. Wheeler for Governor and endorsed the other two Democratic candidates. Charles S. Fairchild was chosen Chairman of the Campaign Committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030139-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 New York state election, Nominations\nThe \"State Democracy\", one of the Anti- Tammany Democratic organizations in New York City, led by Ex-Mayor William R. Grace, met on October 27, at Cooper Union, and endorsed the Democratic ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030139-0008-0000", "contents": "1894 New York state election, Result\nObs. : For candidates nominated on more than one ticket, the numbers are the total votes on all tickets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030139-0009-0000", "contents": "1894 New York state election, Result, The Consolidation\nManhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island, East Chester and Pelham voted for Consolidation, Mount Vernon and Westchester rejected it, the latter by a single vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030140-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1894 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team represented the North Carolina A&M Aggies of North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts during the 1894 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030141-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1894 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina in the 1894 college football season. They played nine games with a final record of 6\u20133. The team captain for the 1894 season was Charles Baskerville.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030142-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 North Dakota Agricultural Aggies football team\nThe 1894 North Dakota Agricultural Aggies football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota Agricultural College (now known as North Dakota State University) as an independent during the 1894 college football season. It was their first season in existence. Their head coach was Henry Luke Bolley. They had a record of 2-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030143-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 North Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894. Republican nominee Roger Allin defeated People's Party nominee Elmer D. Wallace with 55.76% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030144-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 North-West Territories general election\nThe 1894 North-West Territories general election was held on 31 October 1894. This was the third general election in the history of the North-West Territories, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the North-West Territories, the writs were dropped on 3 October 1894. Frederick Haultain continued to lead the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030144-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 North-West Territories general election\nThis was the first general election a secret ballot was held, with voters marking an X on a blank piece of paper in the colour that corresponds to their candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030144-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 North-West Territories general election, Election results\nThe turnout cannot be established, as no voters lists were in use. Candidates were elected as part of a consensus government, i.e. without political parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030145-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Northwestern Purple football team\nThe 1894 Northwestern Purple team represented Northwestern University during the 1894 college football season. In their first and only year under head coach A. A. Ewing, the Purple compiled a 4\u20135 record. Three of the victories were mid-week warm-up games against Evanston High School. In three games against major college opponents (Chicago and Illinois), the team lost by a combined total score of 148 to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030146-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Norwegian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Norway in 1894. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 59 of the 114 seats in the Storting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030147-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Notre Dame football team\nThe 1894 Notre Dame football team was an American football team that represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1894 college football season. In its first season with a coach, James L. Morrison, the team compiled a 3\u20131\u20131 record and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 80 to 31.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030148-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Nova Scotia general election\nThe 1894 Nova Scotia general election was held from 8 March to 15 March 1894 to elect members of the 31st House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Liberal party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030149-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Oberlin Yeomen football team\nThe 1894 Oberlin Yeomen football team represented Oberlin College during the 1894 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach John Heisman, the team compiled a record of 4\u20133\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030150-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Ogmore and Garw Urban District Council election\nThe first elections to the Ogmore and Garw Urban District Council were held in December 1894. Six members were elected from both the Ogmore and Garw wards making a total of twelve members on the authority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030150-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Ogmore and Garw Urban District Council election\nThe Council replaced the Local Board. All the old Ogmore members were returned but only two of the old Garw members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030151-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Ohio Green and White football team\nThe 1894 Ohio Green and White football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University as an independent during the 1894 college football season. In its first season of intercollegiate football, Ohio compiled a 0\u20131 record. The first and only game of the season was played on November 24 with the  Ohio team losing by an 8\u20130 score to Marietta. The university organized its first football team in 1892, but did not play any games until its 1894 match with Marietta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030152-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1894 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1894 college football season. They played all their home games at Recreation Park and were coached by Jack Ryder. The Buckeyes finished the season with a 6\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030153-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Ole Miss Rebels football team\nThe 1894 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1894 college football season. The season's only loss was to Vanderbilt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030154-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Olivet football team\nThe 1894 Olivet football team was an American football team that represented Olivet College in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association during the 1894 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030155-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Ontario general election\nThe 1894 Ontario general election was the eighth general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on June 26, 1894, to elect the 94 Members of the 8th Legislative Assembly of Ontario (\"MLAs\").", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030155-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Ontario general election\nThe main issues were the Liberals' \"Ontario System\", as well as French language schools, farmer interests, support for Toronto business, woman suffrage, the temperance movement, and the demands of labour unions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030155-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Liberal Party, led by Oliver Mowat, formed the government for the seventh consecutive parliament, even though some of its members were elected under joint banners: either with the Patrons of Industry or the Protestant Protective Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030155-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Conservative Party, led by William Ralph Meredith, formed the official opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030155-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Ontario general election\nThe Patrons of Industry, a farmers' organization formed in 1890, cooperated with the urban labour movement to address the political frustrations of both groups with big business. Sixteen members of the Legislative Assembly were elected with Patrons of Industry support\u201412 Liberals, one Conservative, and three who ran only under the \"Patrons of Industry\" banner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030155-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Ontario general election\nThe Protestant Protective Association (PPA)  was an anti-Catholic group, associated with the Orange Order. It campaigned against the rights of Catholics and French-Canadians, and argued that Roman Catholics were attempting to take over Ontario. Nine candidates were elected with PPA support, 6 Conservatives, 1 Liberal and 2 who ran only under the PPA banner. The PPA worked most closely with the Conservative opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030156-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Ontario prohibition plebiscite\nAn Ontario prohibition plebiscite was held on January 1, 1894 (in conjunction with municipal elections under the Prohibition Plebiscite Act) on the legality of alcoholic beverages and the implementation of prohibition. Though a majority of voters indicated support for prohibition, the results were non-binding and prohibition would not occur in Ontario until 1916.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030156-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Ontario prohibition plebiscite, Plebiscite question\nAre you in favour of the immediate prohibition by law of the importation, manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030156-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Ontario prohibition plebiscite, Results\nUnmarried women and widows were permitted to vote in the plebiscite, though they voted in a ballot of a different colour (blue for women, yellow for men). Though the plebiscite passed, the results were non-binding and prohibition would not occur in Ontario until 1916. Provincial prohibition, though having majority support, would face another roadblock in 1896 when the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council determined that provinces do not have the authority to prohibit the importation of alcohol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030157-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Open Championship\nThe 1894 Open Championship was the 34th Open Championship, held 11\u201312 June at Royal St George's Golf Club in Sandwich, England. J.H. Taylor won the Championship by five strokes from runner-up Douglas Rolland. This was the first Open Championship held outside Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030157-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Open Championship\nIn a strong wind, many of the players struggled in their first round. Archie Simpson reached the turn in 39 but ended with a score of 90. The leader after the morning's play was Sandy Herd who was out in 41 and back in 42 for an 83. James Braid was back in 41 in the afternoon play but his score was ruined by a morning 91. Andrew Kirkaldy and Rolland had the afternoon's best scores of 79, but at the end of the day Taylor was the leader on 164 with Kirkaldy and Rolland on 165 and Ben Sayers on 166.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030157-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Open Championship\nAfter the third round, Taylor had increased his lead to three strokes from Kirkaldy and to four over Rolland. Sayers, Herd and Alfred Toogood were the only others in contention. Kirkaldy had an excellent start in the last round reaching the turn in 36 but he had a seven at the 14th and eventually finished with an 84. Rolland had a steady 82, coming home in 42 strokes to lead Kirkaldy by a stroke. Taylor reached the turn in 37 and thus needed 48 more to beat Rolland. Despite a seven at the 13th he came back in 44 to finish with an 81, five ahead of Rolland. This was the first victory by a non-Scottish professional in the Open Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030158-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Orange Athletic Club football team\nThe 1894 Orange Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Orange Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1894 college football season. The team played its home games at the Orange Oval in East Orange, New Jersey, compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record (1\u20130 against AFU opponents), and won the AFU championship. Coyne was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030159-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team\nThe 1894 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team represented Oregon Agricultural College (now known as Oregon State University) during the 1894 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030159-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team\nIn their first and only year under head coach Guy Kennedy, the Aggies compiled a 2\u20131 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 52 to 28. The Aggies defeated Oregon (16\u20130) and Monmouth College (36\u20136), but lost to Portland University (0\u201322). No record has been located as to the identity of the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030160-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe 1894 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the 1894 college football season It was the Webfoots' first season, they competed as an independent and were led by head coaches Cal Young and J. A. Church. They finished the season with a record of one win, two losses and one tie (1\u20132\u20131). The first Oregon football team played on the field that is now the site of the University's Computing Center and Gilbert Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030161-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Oregon gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on June 4, 1894 to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. The election matched Republican William Paine Lord, Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court, against Democrat William Galloway and Populist Nathan Pierce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030162-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1894 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1894 college football season. The team finished with a 12\u20130 record and was retroactively named as a co-national champion by one selector, Parke H. Davis. They outscored their opponents 366 to 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030163-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Penn State football team\nThe 1894 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College\u2014now known as Pennsylvania State University\u2013as an independent during the 1894 college football season. The team was coached by George Hoskins and played its home games on Beaver Field in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030164-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on November 6, 1894. Republican candidate Daniel H. Hastings defeated Democratic candidate William M. Singerly to become Governor of Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030165-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Peruvian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Peru in 1894. Andr\u00e9s Avelino C\u00e1ceres of the Constitutional Party was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030166-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Philadelphia Phillies season\nThe 1894 baseball season was the Philadelphia Phillies' 12th season in the National League. The team finished in fourth place with a record of 71\u201357, 18 games behind the Baltimore Orioles. In August, the Phillies scored 312 runs, which still stands as the record in Major League Baseball for runs scored in a single month. Four of the team's outfielders hit over .400: Hall of Famers Sam Thompson, Ed Delehanty, and Billy Hamilton, plus reserve Tuck Turner. The Phillies set the record for the highest team batting average for a single season, .349 according to Baseball Almanac or .350 according to Stathead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030166-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Philadelphia Phillies season\nFollowing a fire which destroyed their ballpark on August 6, the Phillies played half a dozen home games at the University of Pennsylvania athletic field. They were especially productive there, winning five of the six games, and outscoring their opponents 93 to 35, including one game they won 29 to 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030166-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030166-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030166-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030166-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030166-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030167-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Pittsburgh Athletic Club football season\nThe 1894 Pittsburgh Athletic Club football season  was their fourth season in existence. The team finished with a record of 4\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030168-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Pittsburgh College football team\nThe 1894 Pittsburgh College football team was an American football team that represented Pittsburgh Catholic College of the Holy Ghost\u2014now known as Duquesne University\u2014during the 1894 college football season. G. S. Proctor served in his first and only season as the team's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030169-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1894 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 13th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; their 8th in the National League. The Pirates finished seventh in the National League with a record of 65\u201365.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030169-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030169-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030169-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030169-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030169-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030170-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 15 April 1894. The result was a victory for the Regeneration Party, which won 101 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030170-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Portuguese legislative election, Results\nThe results exclude the six seats won at national level and those from overseas territories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030171-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1894 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1894 college football season. The team finished with an 8\u20132 record and was retroactively named as the national champion by one selector, the Houlgate System. They outscored their opponents 204 to 44.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030172-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nThe 1894 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1894 college football season. The team compiled a 9\u20131 record and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 188 to 36 in its second season under head coach D. M. Balliet. A. L. Fulkerson was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030173-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 4, 1894. Incumbent Republican Daniel Russell Brown defeated Democratic nominee David S. Baker with 53.15% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030174-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Richmond Spiders football team\nThe 1894 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College\u2014now known as the University of Richmond\u2014as an independent during the 1894 college football season. Led by third-year head coach Dana Rucker, Richmond compiled a record of 0\u20134\u20132. The team failed to win a game, and lost twice to Southern champion Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck\nThe 1894 Rock Island railroad wreck occurred when a locomotive pulling two passenger cars was derailed on August 9, 1894, in Lincoln, Nebraska, killing eleven people. There were signs that a 400-foot trestle had been purposely damaged, and it was ruled as sabotage. A local man was jailed for second-degree murder, though his guilt remains in doubt. It was one of the worst cases of mass murder in the state of Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck, Crash\nAt 7:30PM on August 9, 1894, Locomotive 213 departed the station in Fairbury, Nebraska, with two passenger cars, due to reach Lincoln, Nebraska two hours later. At approximately 9:20PM, minutes away from its destination, the train reached a 400-foot-long trestle which was located southwest of town and carried trains forty feet above the waters of Salt Creek. (Today this trestle passes above the Jamaica North Trail at Wilderness Park.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0001-0001", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck, Crash\nThe rails began to spread apart as the engine crossed the trestle and, as the passenger cars began to cross, the weight became too much for the structure, and the entire train crashed into the creek below. Upon impact, the engine burst, spilling hot coals on both the train and the wooden trestle, and soon flames covered both.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck, Crash\nIt was an awful sight. The flames mounted high in the heavens coloring the entire southern sky a brilliant carmine while the moonbeams fell upon the glowing mass below from which mortal shrieks of agony and pain were heard to issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck, Crash\nThree men escaped the wreckage quickly. Colonel C.J. Bills organized an effort to rescue other passengers with the help of Jay McDowell and crewman Harry Foote. The three determined that the passengers in the first car and engine were beyond help and focused on the rear car, from which they rescued fifteen passengers. As Bills and McDowell ran to find help, Foote twice climbed onto the wreckage to pull out two fellow crewmen, despite having suffered a broken leg himself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck, Crash\nThe first building Bills and McDowell could see was the State Penitentiary, two miles away, from which they called the fire and police departments and the railroad. A train reached the scene around 40 minutes after the incident and carried the survivors to Lincoln. Due to the equipment available at the time and the conditions and location of the wreck, no fire wagons could reach the site. It was reported that \"The only thing to do was just let the whole pile burn.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck, Crash\nOf the thirty-three passengers aboard when leaving Fairbury, eleven were killed in the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck, Investigation\nSurvivors of the crash began to tell police that, following the crash, they had seen an unknown man holding a lantern near the trestle. This, along with evidence found at the scene, suggested that the crash was not an accident but an act of sabotage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck, Investigation\nPolice found that spikes had been pulled from the trestle, wrench marks were found on the rail, and gouges in the railroad ties showed that a crowbar had been used to pry them apart. In the grass by the trestle, a 40-pound crowbar was found. Within two days, police arrested George Washington Davis, an African-American man. Survivors claimed Davis had been the man with the lantern they had seen at the wreck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0008-0000", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck, Investigation\nWhen police questioned Davis as to why he was at the scene of the wreck, he said that he had run four miles from a \"colored club\" in Lincoln to witness the wreck. However, Davis's description of the crash does not align with the timeline he presented. Most notably, when questioned about the sound of the crash, Davis claimed that it was \"not too bad until the engine blew up.\" As the engine exploded immediately on impact, Davis's claim to have heard the train before its engine exploded does not fit the official account of the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0009-0000", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck, Investigation\nOther members of the growing African-American community in Lincoln attested to his innocence. This was a period of African Americans leaving the South for better jobs in growing industrial cities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0010-0000", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck, Investigation\nThe police had almost no evidence to suggest that Davis was the perpetrator, Davis never admitted guilt, and investigators could not offer any explanation of motive for his supposed crime. Davis was tried twice for the sabotage. During the first trial, first-degree murder could not be proven, and the jury could not reach a verdict. During the second trial, the jury was informed by the judge that should prosecutors fail to prove Davis' guilt of first-degree murder, the jury could convict the defendant of second-degree murder. In 1895, Davis was convicted of second-degree murder. Ten years later, Governor John Mickey paroled Davis, citing a lack of evidence or motive, and \"grave doubts\" as to Davis' involvement in the case.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0011-0000", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck, Investigation\nTo date, the sabotage is one of the largest instances of mass murder in the state of Nebraska. The 1958 killing spree by Charles Starkweather resulted in eleven deaths, and the Westroads Mall shooting of 2007, which resulted in nine deaths, are other examples of mass murders by individuals. It is also the largest officially unsolved crime in Lincoln history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0012-0000", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck, Legacy\nJoel Williamsen, a local author, happened upon the story of the crash while researching for his historical fiction novel Barrelhouse Boys. Williamsen was inspired by the actions of Harry Foote, and wanted to commemorate his bravery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0013-0000", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck, Legacy\nWilliamsen donated $1,200 and worked with the Nebraska State Historical Society and Lincoln Parks and Recreation to cast and install a historical marker at the site of the wreck in 2010, on the 116th anniversary of the event. The marker includes an 800-word summary of the crash and is found along the Jamaica North trail in Wilderness Park, at the site of the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030175-0014-0000", "contents": "1894 Rock Island railroad wreck, Image gallery\nThe marker and trestle at the site of the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030176-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Romford by-election\nThe 1894 Romford by-election was held on 2 April 1894 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP James Theobald. The seat was retained by the Conservative Party candidate Alfred Money Wigram.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030177-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Rush Medical football team\nThe 1894 Rush Medical football team was an American football team that represented Rush Medical College in the 1894 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030178-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe 1894 Rutgers Queensmen football team was an American football team that represented Rutgers University during the 1894 college football season. The team compiled a 4\u20136 record and was outscored by a total of 210 to 61. Rutgers was a member of the Middle States Intercollegiate Football League and won the conference championship by beating the other two member schools, Lafayette and Stevens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030178-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe team had no coach, and its captain was William V. B. Van Dyck. Van Dyck later served as the head coach of the Rutgers football teams of 1898 and 1899.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030178-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Rutgers Queensmen football team\nThe Rutgers football team won its two home games, playing both of those games at Neilson Field in New Brunswick, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030179-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 SAFA Grand Final\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by 172.197.185.0 (talk) at 23:48, 15 April 2020 (\u2192\u200e1894 SAFA Premiership Football Match Replay). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030179-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 SAFA Grand Final\nThe 1894 SAFA Grand Final refers to the concluding championship matches of the 1894 SAFA season. As Norwood and South Adelaide finished equal on premiership points, a playoff match for the premiership was required.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030179-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 SAFA Grand Final\nThe Grand Final between Norwood and South Adelaide was drawn. Despite a provision for 20 minute periods of extra time in the event of a draw, the match was abandoned after full time due to darkness; the result stood and a replay was ordered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030179-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 SAFA Grand Final\nThe replay was won by Norwood, with Anthony \"Bos\" Daly kicking the winning goal as the final bell rang. This was the first replay of a drawn Grand Final in the SANFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030180-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 SAFA season\nThe 1894 South Australian Football Association season was the 18th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030180-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 SAFA season, Ladder\nAs Norwood and South Adelaide were level on premiership points, a playoff match for the premiership was required.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030181-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 San Juan earthquake\nThe 1894 San Juan earthquake took place in the province of San Juan, Argentina, on 27 October 1894, at about 07:30 PM. It was the most powerful earthquake recorded in Argentina, with magnitude 7.5 on the surface wave magnitude scale. Its epicenter was located to the northwest of San Juan, approximately at , and at a depth of 30\u00a0km.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030181-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 San Juan earthquake\nThe maximum perceived intensity for the earthquake was IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused severe damage and about 100 casualties in San Juan and the province of La Rioja, and also caused minor damage in Catamarca, C\u00f3rdoba, San Luis and Mendoza, up to 500\u00a0km away from the epicenter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030181-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 San Juan earthquake, Further reading\nThis article article about the history of Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 41], "content_span": [42, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030181-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 San Juan earthquake, Further reading\nThis article about an earthquake in South America is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 41], "content_span": [42, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030182-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Sasun rebellion\nThe Sasun rebellion of 1894, also known as the First Sassoun resistance (Armenian: \u054d\u0561\u057d\u0576\u0578 \u0561\u057c\u0561\u057b\u056b\u0576 \u0561\u057a\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0574\u0562\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576), was the conflict between Ottoman Empire's Hamidiye forces and the Armenian fedayi belonging to the Armenian national movement's Hunchakian party in the Sassoun region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030182-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Sasun rebellion, Background\nThe Social Democrat Hunchakian Party was an Armenian national movement active in the region. In 1894, Sultan Abdul Hamid II began to target the Armenian people in a precursor of the Hamidian massacres. This persecution strengthened devolution sentiment among Armenians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030182-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Sasun rebellion, Background\nIn Sason Armenians were organized by Hunchak activists, such as Mihran Damadian, Hampartsoum Boyadjian and Hrayr Dzhoghk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030182-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Sasun rebellion, Conflict\nSassoun was the location for the first notable battle in the Armenian resistance movement. The Armenians of Sassoun confronted the Ottoman army and Kurdish irregulars at Sassoun, succumbing to superior numbers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030182-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Sasun rebellion, Conflict\nForeign news agents protested vehemently against the Sassoun event; British Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone called Hamid \"the Great Criminal\" or \"the Red Sultan\". The rest of the Great Powers also protested and demanded the execution of Ottoman Sultan Hamid's promised reforms. An investigation committee composed of French, British, and Russian representatives were sent to the region in order to examine the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030182-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Sasun rebellion, Aftermath\nIn May 1895, the aforementioned foreign powers prepared a set of reforms. However, they were never carried out, because they were not actively imposed on Ottoman Turkey. The Russian Empire's policies vis-a-vis the Armenian question had changed. In fact, the Russian foreign minister Alexei Lobanov-Rostovsky supported Ottoman integrity. Moreover, he was so anti-Armenian that he wanted an \"Armenia without Armenians\". On the other hand, Britain had gained considerable influence and power in former Ottoman Egypt and Cyprus, and for Gladstone, good relations with the Ottomans were less important than before. Meanwhile, Turkey had found a new European ally, Germany's Bismarck. The Ottoman Empire thus felt free to commit further massacres, in 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030183-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Sewanee Tigers football team\nThe 1894 Sewanee Tigers football team represented the Sewanee Tigers of Sewanee: The University of the South in the 1894 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030184-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election\nA by-election was held for the British House of Commons constituency of Sheffield Attercliffe on 5 July 1894. It was the first parliamentary election contested by the Independent Labour Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030184-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Background\nThe election was caused by the succession of Bernard Coleridge to the peerage. He had been the Liberal Party Member of Parliament for the seat since its creation for the 1885 general election. He had been re-elected at the 1886 and 1892 general elections, but the Conservative Party had taken more than 40% of the vote on each occasion. G. Hill Smith stood for the Conservatives in 1892, receiving 43.1% of the vote, and reducing Coleridge to his smallest majority to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030184-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Background\nThe seat of Attercliffe had a large working class population, many working in trades which were well unionised: ironworking, toolmaking and coal mining. Local labour movement leaders believed that the new representative for the seat should be a worker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030184-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Candidates\nThe Conservative Party re-selected their candidate from 1892, G. Hill Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030184-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Candidates\nSeveral possible Liberal candidates were discussed, including Robert Hadfield, Joshua Rowntree and C. P. Scott, but two names came to the fore: J. Batty Langley and Charles Hobson. Hobson, the leader of the Sheffield Federated Trades Council, was a President of the Labour Electoral Association and would have stood as a Liberal-Labour candidate. Local Liberal leaders hoped that, if he were selected, it would discourage more radical labour movement activists from standing their own candidate. Langley ran a large saw mill in the city, and was an alderman on Sheffield Town Council. He had served as Mayor of Sheffield in 1892\u201393, when he took the initiative in resolving a major coal strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030184-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Candidates\nOn 18 June, the trades council unanimously endorsed Hobson as a candidate. Several leading trade unionist wrote in support of this decision, including William Bailey of the Nottinghamshire Miners Association, William Edwin Harvey of the Derbyshire Miners Association and Havelock Wilson of the National Sailors' and Firemen's Union. The Independent Labour Party (ILP), although only recently established, was strong in Sheffield, with four main branches and around 400 members, many formerly of the Social Democratic Federation. As its central purpose was to campaign for independent labour representation, it strongly opposed Langley, but its representatives on the trade council decided to endorse Hobson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030184-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Candidates\nFrederick Mappin, Liberal MP for nearby Hallamshire spoke strongly against any working class candidate, holding that they would lose the seat. William Clegg, leader of the Liberal group on the council, argued against selecting Hobson, because he believe that he would prove unable to raise the necessary money to stand. Henry Wilson, MP for Holmfirth, Secretary of the Sheffield Liberal Association, and John Wycliffe Wilson both favoured Hobson but, following Mappin and Clegg's comments, agreed to support Langley. On 22 June, an open meeting of the Liberal Council chose Langley by 160 votes to 2 for Hobson, and 2 for Robert Cameron, who had stood for the party in 1892 in Sheffield Central.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030184-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Candidates\nThe selection did not entirely settle the issue. At a meeting of the trades council on 23 June, Hobson announced that he would not oppose Langley, but the Daily Chronicle still wrote of him as the \"ideal candidate\". The ILP responded by proposing one of their own members, Frank Smith. He was narrowly endorsed by the trades council, although some liberal delegates refused to support the decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030184-0008-0000", "contents": "1894 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Campaign\nKeir Hardie, Tom Mann, Emmeline Pankhurst and Ben Tillett all campaigned for the ILP. Hobson spoke alongside Hardie at a meeting on 1 July, although he stated that he had some differences with the party and considered himself independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030184-0009-0000", "contents": "1894 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Campaign\nLangley was only given weak support by the National Liberal Federation, who did not send any speakers. Ben Pickard, General Secretary of the Yorkshire Miners' Association, sent a telegram supporting Langley. Philip Stanhope arranged a meeting between Frank Smith, Hardie and local Liberals, in the hope of persuading the ILP to withdraw, but Smith and Hardie complained that they had been tricked into attending, and left.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030184-0010-0000", "contents": "1894 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Result\nLangley held the seat for the Liberals, with their majority only slightly reduced. Both the Liberal and Conservative votes fell, but the ILP only took 13.5% of the votes cast. The Daily News claimed that this was the Liberal's greatest victory since the 1892 general election, while Hardie claimed that the result would harden divisions between the Liberals and the labour movement. The Westminster Gazette held that Langley had only won because he was able to take some votes from the Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 46], "content_span": [47, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030184-0011-0000", "contents": "1894 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Result\nImmediately after the election, Ramsay MacDonald wrote to Hardie, requesting membership of the ILP. In his letter, he noted that \"...Attercliffe came as a rude awakening, and I felt during the contest that it was quite impossible for me to maintain my position as a Liberal any longer...\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 46], "content_span": [47, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030184-0012-0000", "contents": "1894 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Result\nThe Liberal Party were soon reconciled with the majority of the trades council, and the first independent labour MP for Sheffield was not elected until the 1907 Sheffield Brightside by-election. Langley held Sheffield Attercliffe until the 1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election. Frank Smith eventually became Labour Party MP for Nuneaton, but Hobson never stood for Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 46], "content_span": [47, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030185-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Sh\u014dnai earthquake\nThe 1894 Sh\u014dnai earthquake (Japanese: \u5e84\u5185\u5730\u9707) is an earthquake occurred on October 22, 1894 at Sakata, Yamagata Prefecture in Japan. It was caused by the movement of the Shonai Plain Eastern Margin Fault Zone (\u5e84\u5185\u5e73\u91ce\u6771\u7e01\u65ad\u5c64\u5e2f).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030185-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Sh\u014dnai earthquake, Damage\nAccording to the official confirmed report, 14,118 houses and buildings were damaged and 2,148 were burned. There were 726 human fatalities and 8,403 people injured in the damaged area. A large-scale fire broke out in Sakata, and around the Shonai plain area, many instances of cracked earth, sinking ground, sand boils, and fountains were observed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030186-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Singapore Amateur Football Association Challenge Cup\n1894 Singapore Amateur Football Association Challenge Cup was the third season of the Amateur Challenge Cup, the predecessor of the Singapore Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030186-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Singapore Amateur Football Association Challenge Cup\nTwo teams of the 10th Lincolnshire Regiment  met in the final, which wasn't settled throughout six replays. After the sixth replay, all 22 players names were entered into a hat, and 11 names were drawn out a hat to receive winners' medals, 8 of them from the second team and 3 from the first team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030187-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Singleton colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of Singleton in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 14 August 1894 because Albert Gould (Free Trade) had been appointed Minister for Justice in the Reid ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and four ministers were re-elected unopposed, James Brunker (East Maitland), Joseph Carruthers (St George), Jacob Garrard (Sherbrooke) and James Young (The Manning). A poll was required in Bathurst (Sydney Smith), Hartley (Joseph Cook), Singleton and Sydney-King (George Reid) however all were comfortably re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030188-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 South Carolina Gamecocks football team\nThe 1894 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina during the 1894 college football season. Home games were played on the athletic field at the State Fairgrounds on Elmwood Avenue in Columbia, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030189-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. John Gary Evans was nominated by the Democrats and became the 85th governor of South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030189-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic campaign\nThe conservatives had been so thoroughly defeated by Ben Tillman in 1890 and 1892 that they did not offer a candidate for the gubernatorial election. Instead, it became a contest between four Tillmanites: William Ellerbe, John Gary Evans, Dr. Sampson Pope and J.E. Tindal. All four claimed to be the candidate favored by Tillman, but an embarrassed Tillman responded, \"They ought to be spanked for quarrelling about who is the closest friend of Tillman.\" Initially, Tillman privately supported Ellerbe because he was a farmer, but Tillman became more attracted to Evans as he proved to be a better orator during the campaign. Evans also was able to woo Senator Irby to his side, who placed the Tillman machine squarely behind his candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 63], "content_span": [64, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030189-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic campaign\nEllerbe, Pope and Tindall sensed that they would be unable to win any of the delegates for their candidacy at the Democratic convention and therefore requested a primary election to select the statewide ticket. Tillman refused this request and Evans was unanimously selected as the Democratic gubernatorial candidate at the Democratic convention in Columbia on September 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 63], "content_span": [64, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030189-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nSampson Pope denounced the selection of Evans as the Democratic candidate by declaring it ring rule because the state Democratic party was completely run by Tillman and his cronies. He entered the general election as an independent candidate, but the Tillmanites used the quote uttered by Wade Hampton that \"an independent was worse than a Radical\" to great effect and Pope's campaign was nothing more than a protest vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030189-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held on November 6, 1894 and John Gary Evans was easily elected as governor of South Carolina against Sampson Pope. Turnout increased for this election over the previous election because it was a contested election, but only by just over 100 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030190-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 South Dakota Coyotes football team\nThe 1894 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota as an independent during the 1894 college football season. They played 2 games and had a 0\u20132 record. Both of their games were against Yankton College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030191-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894. Incumbent Republican Governor Charles H. Sheldon ran for re-election to a second term. Despite facing a thread of defeat at the Republican convention, Sheldon was renominated unanimously. In the general election, he faced Populist nominee Isaac Howe, a Spink County Judge; James A. Ward, the former state chairman of the South Dakota Democratic Party; and Prohibition nominee M. D. Alexander.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030191-0000-0001", "contents": "1894 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe election was largely a replay of the gubernatorial elections of 1890 and 1892, with the Farmers' Alliance candidate placing second and the Democratic nominee placing a distant third. This time, however, Sheldon won an outright majority and the Democratic Party's vote share shrunk to just 11%, its worst performance in state history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030191-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Populist Party convention\nBy 1894, the Independent Party, which had formed out of the South Dakota Farmers' Alliance, began to affiliate itself with the Populist Party. In the lead-up to its June 1894 convention, several names were mentioned as likely gubernatorial candidates: former State Representative Robert Buchanan, an erstwhile Republican; Spink CountyJudge Isaac Howe]]; and Sioux Falls University President E. B. Meredith, a prohibitionist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030191-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Populist Party convention\nAs the convention began on June 13, 1894, Buchanan, who had previously rejected entreaties to run for Governor, acceded and became a candidate. At this point, Meredith faded from contention and supported Buchanan over Howe. The contest between Howe and Buchanan became a proxy battle between Henry L. Loucks, a longtime leader of the Farmers' Alliance, and Buchanan, and despite Howe supporters' hope that he would be nominated by acclamation, Buchanan took an early lead. The next day, however, it appeared that Buchanan had lost his early lead, and Howe was overwhelmingly nominated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030191-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Republican convention\nAt the Republican convention in August 1894, Governor Sheldon faced a threat of losing renomination, but the forces opposed to him were unable to recruit a challenger to him. Accordingly, he was renominated unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030191-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Democratic convention\nThe Democratic convention convened in Sioux Falls in September 1894, three candidates were mentioned as likely contenders for Governor: Samuel A. Ramsey, the 1892 Democratic nominee for Lieutenant Governor; L. G. Oschenreiter, the President of the South Dakota World's Fair Commission; and Court Boyd. At the convention, however, though Ramsey was nominated for Governor, he withdrew in favor of James A. Ward, the state party chairman, who was nominated by acclamation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030192-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 South Kilkenny by-election\nThe 1894 South Kilkenny by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of South Kilkenny on 7 September 1894. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, Patrick Chance of the Irish National Federation. Only one candidate was nominated, Samuel Morris representing the Irish National Federation, who was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030193-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 St. Louis Browns season\nThe 1894 St. Louis Browns season was the team's 13th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 3rd season in the National League. The Browns went 56\u201376 during the season and finished 9th in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030193-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030193-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030193-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030193-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030193-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030194-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Stanford football team\nThe 1894 Stanford football team represented Stanford University in the 1894 college football season and was coached by Walter Camp, who had previously coached the team in 1892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030194-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Stanford football team, Season summary\nPop Bliss had coached Stanford the previous season at Stanford; Walter Camp, who had coached Stanford in 1892, returned to Stanford for this season and Bliss moved on to coach Haverford College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030194-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Stanford football team, Season summary\nAfter two consecutive tie games, Stanford defeated California 6\u20130 in the fourth Big Game. Future Stanford head coach Charles Fickert blocked a punt, which was run into the end zone by Guy Cochran for the game's only score. The game with Chicago was the first intersectional contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030195-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Swarthmore Quakers football team\nThe 1894 Swarthmore Quakers football team was an American football team that represented Swarthmore College as an independent during the 1894 college football season. The team compiled a 5\u20135 record and outscored opponents by a total of 230 to 202. Jacob K. Shell was the head coach. Hodge was the captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030195-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Swarthmore Quakers football team\nThe rivalry game against Haverford is considered to have the first \"action shot\" photograph during a football game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030196-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Swiss referendums\nThree referendums were held in Switzerland during 1894. The first was held on 4 March on a federal resolution to amend the constitution regarding trade and commerce, and was rejected by a majority of voters and cantons. The second was held on 3 June on a popular initiative on the right to work, and was rejected by a majority of voters and all cantons. The third was held on 4 November 1894 on a popular initiative on a partial contribution to tariffs from the cantons, and was also rejected by a majority of voters and cantons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030196-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Swiss referendums, Background\nThe referendums on the right to work and tariffs were popular initiatives, whilst the referendum on trade was a mandatory referendum. Both types required a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030197-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Sydney-King colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of Sydney-King in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 11 August 1894 because George Reid (Free Trade) had been appointed Premier and Colonial Treasurer, forming the Reid ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and four ministers were re-elected unopposed, James Brunker (East Maitland), Joseph Carruthers (St George), Jacob Garrard (Sherbrooke) and James Young (The Manning). A poll was required in Bathurst (Sydney Smith), Hartley (Joseph Cook), Singleton (Albert Gould) and Sydney-King however all were comfortably re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030198-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1894 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University during the 1894 college football season. The head coach was George H. Bond, coaching his first season with the Orangemen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030199-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1894 Tennessee Volunteers football team unofficially represented the University of Tennessee in the 1894 season. In October 1894, the Athletic Association had resolved to drop varsity football and look forward to baseball in the spring of 1895. After the humiliating 1893 season with two wins and four imposing defeats, only two athletes willing to admit they had played on the 1893 team returned to campus in 1894. To complicate matters further, the practice field, located just west of the main entrance to the Hill, was being graded and improved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030199-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nSoon after the Athletic Association's decision, W.B. Stokely, a UT senior who transferred from Wake Forest University, persuaded a group of students to form a team in the fall of 1894. Stokely, who was elected captain, gave encouragement and direction to the other players. Even though the institution chose not to be represented officially on the gridiron in 1894, Stokely and his unofficial team kept football interest alive during this period when almost certainly it otherwise would have been allowed to lapse completely.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030199-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThese unofficial games, referred to as \"The Lost Years\", are not included in NCAA statistics or in official UT win-loss records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030200-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Tennessee gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894. Incumbent Democrat Peter Turney defeated Republican nominee Henry Clay Evans with 45.06% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030201-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Texas A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1894 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M during the 1894 college football season. 1894 was the first year of football sponsored by Texas A&M.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030201-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Texas A&M Aggies football team, References, Additional sources\nThis College football 1890s season article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030201-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Texas A&M Aggies football team, References, Additional sources\nThis article related to sports in Texas is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030202-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Texas Longhorns football team\nThe 1894 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 1894 college football season. In Texas' second year of football they outscored their opponents 191\u201328 and only lost one game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030203-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1894 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the fifth staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887, held after a three-year hiatus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030203-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nDrombane won the championship after a 4\u201304 to 0\u201300 defeat of Thurles in the final. It was their first ever championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030204-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Tokyo earthquake\nThe 1894 Tokyo earthquake (\u660e\u6cbb\u6771\u4eac\u5730\u9707, Meiji-Tokyo jishin) occurred in Tokyo, Japan at 14:04 PM on June 20. It affected downtown Tokyo and neighboring Kanagawa prefecture, especially the cities of Kawasaki and Yokohama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030204-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Tokyo earthquake\nThe earthquake had its epicenter in Tokyo Bay, with a magnitude of 6.6 on the Richter magnitude scale. The depth of the 1894 earthquake has not been determined, but it is thought to have occurred within the subducting Pacific Plate under the Kant\u014d region. The death toll was 31 killed and 157 injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030204-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Tokyo earthquake\nThe earthquake was mentioned by author Ichiy\u014d Higuchi in her work Mizu-no-ue no nikki, in which she described damage to buildings in Yotsuya, and soil liquefaction in the Mita area of downtown Tokyo. She also commented on an aftershock which occurred at 2200 that night. The earthquake is also mentioned by author Jun'ichir\u014d Tanizaki in his autobiographical work, Yosho-jidai, in which he described how his family's house collapsed during the earthquake, a traumatic event to which he attributed his lifelong phobia of earthquakes. By 1894, Tokyo and Yokohama had numerous foreign residents, many of whom commented on the earthquake in their writings and diaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030204-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Tokyo earthquake\nThe National Science Museum of Japan in Tokyo has a collection of twenty two photographs of the earthquake in the form of albumen papers, lantern slides and dry plates. A considerable number of photographs were taken just after the event for the use at the former Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee in its official reports of the 1894 earthquake, but almost all of the original plates have been lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030205-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Trinity Bantams football team\nThe 1894 Trinity Bantams football team represented the Trinity College during the 1894 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030206-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Trinity Blue and White football team\nThe 1894 Trinity Blue and White football team was an American football team that represented Trinity College (later renamed Duke University) as an independent during the 1894 college football season. The team compiled a 0\u20131 record. The team had no coach; Plato T. Durham was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030207-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Tuapeka by-election\nThe 1894 Tuapeka by-election was a by-election held on 9 July 1894 during the 12th New Zealand Parliament in the rural lower South Island electorate of Tuapeka.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030207-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Tuapeka by-election\nThe by-election was held to replace Vincent Pyke after his death on 5 June. The winner was William Larnach, who became a cabinet minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030208-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Tulane Olive and Blue football team\nThe 1894 Tulane Olive and Blue football team represented Tulane University during the 1894 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030209-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Tweed colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of Tweed in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 6 December 1894 because the Elections and Qualifications Committee declared that the election of John Willard (Labour) was void as he did not meet the residency qualification, having spent much of that 12 months in Queensland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030210-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nList of champions of the 1894 U.S. National Championships tennis tournament (now known as the US Open). The men's tournament was held from 20 August to 27 August on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. The women's singles and doubles tournament as well as the mixed doubles event was held from 12 June to 16 June on the outdoor grass courts at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Philadelphia, PA. It was the 15th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030210-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Singles\nHelen Hellwig defeated  Aline Terry  7\u20135, 3\u20136, 6\u20130, 3\u20136, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030210-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nClarence Hobart /  Fred Hovey defeated  Carr Neel /  Sam Neel 6\u20133, 8\u20136, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030210-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nHelen Hellwig /  Juliette Atkinson defeated  Annabella Wistar /  Amy Williams 6\u20134, 8\u20136, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030210-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\nJuliette Atkinson /  Edwin P. Fischer defeated  Mrs. McFadden /  Gustav Remak 6\u20133, 6\u20132, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030211-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nRobert Wrenn defended his title in defeating Manliffe Goodbody in the final 6\u20138, 6\u20131, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1894 U.S. National Championships. Goodbody was the first player from outside the US who reached the championships' challenge round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030212-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nHelen Hellwig won the singles tennis title by defeating reigning champion Aline Terry 7\u20135, 3\u20136, 6\u20130, 3\u20136, 6\u20133 in the Challenge Round of the 1894 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship. Hellwig had won the right to challenge Terry by defeating Bertha Toulmin 6\u20132, 6\u20135, 6\u20134 in the final of the All Comers' competition. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia from June 12 through June 16, 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030213-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 USC Methodists football team\nThe 1894 USC Methodists football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southern California during the 1894 college football season. The team competed as an independent without a head coach, compiling a 1\u20130 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030214-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 USFSA Football Championship\nStatistics of the USFSA Football Championship in the 1894 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030215-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 United Kingdom local elections\nThe 1894 United Kingdom local elections took place in late 1894. The elections were the first following the Local Government Act 1894, which had created Urban and Rural Districts in England and Wales, and saw the election of members to these various new districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030215-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 United Kingdom local elections\nParty politics in local municipal government was undeveloped at this point, with many candidates making no reference to their party affiliations, and instead running on local or personal platforms. The election did however see increasing numbers of both Independent Labour, and also Socialist, candidates. In most instance these candidates appeared to win votes at the expense of Liberals, allowing Conservative candidates to capture Liberal seats. Prominent examples of this took place in Northampton, Salford, and Portsmouth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030215-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 United Kingdom local elections\nBy 2 November the Conservatives had gained 69 seats in England, the Liberals 29, Labour 15, Liberal Unionists 8, Independents 6, and Socialists 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030216-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming\nThe Wyoming United States House election for 1894 was held on November 6, 1894. Republican Frank Wheeler Mondell defeated Democratic incumbent Henry A. Coffeen and Populist Shakespeare E. Sealey with 52.64% of the vote making Coffeen the second incumbent Representative from Wyoming to lose reelection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [63, 63], "content_span": [64, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030217-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe 1894 United States House of Representatives elections were held from June 4, 1894 to November 6, 1894, with special elections throughout the year. Elections were held to elect representatives from all 356 congressional districts across each of the 46 U.S. states at the time, as well as non-voting delegates from the inhabited U.S. territories. The winners of this election served in the 54th Congress, with seats apportioned among the states based on the 1890 United States Census.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030217-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe elections comprised a significant political realignment, with a major Republican landslide that set the stage for the decisive election of 1896. The elections of members of the United States House of Representatives in 1894 came in the middle of Democratic President Grover Cleveland's second term. The nation was in its deepest economic depression at the time following the Panic of 1893 that pushed economic issues to the forefront. In the spring, a major coal strike damaged the economy of the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic. It was accompanied by violence; the miners lost and many joined the Populist Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030217-0001-0001", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections\nImmediately after the coal strike concluded, Eugene V. Debs led a nationwide railroad strike, called the Pullman Strike. It shut down the nation's transportation system west of Detroit for weeks, until President Cleveland's use of federal troops ended the strike. Debs went to prison for disobeying a court order. Illinois Governor John Peter Altgeld, a Democrat, broke bitterly with Cleveland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030217-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe fragmented and disoriented Democratic Party was crushed everywhere outside of the South, losing more than 55% of its seats to the Republican Party. The Democrats did so poorly that even in the South, they lost seats to the Republican-Populist electoral fusion in Alabama, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. The Democrats ultimately lost 127 seats in this election, with the Republicans gaining 130 seats after the resolution of several contested elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030217-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe 1894 election is the largest seat swing in the history of the House of Representatives. As of 2020, the only other occasion where a political party has suffered triple-digit losses was in 1932.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030217-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe main issues revolved around the severe economic depression, which the Republicans blamed on the conservative Bourbon Democrats led by Cleveland. Cleveland supporters lost heavily, weakening their hold on the party and setting the stage for an 1896 takeover by the free silver wing of the party. The Populist Party ran candidates in the South and Midwest, but generally lost ground outside of the South. The Democrats tried to raise a religious issue, claiming the GOP was in cahoots with the anti-Catholic American Protective Association; the allegations seem to have fallen flat as Catholics swung towards the GOP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030217-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections, Special elections\n15 special elections took place in 1894 leading up to and following the general election. They are listed below in order of election date then by state and district. Republicans flipped 3 seats in the special elections in New York's 14th, Kentucky's 9th, and Maryland's 5th congressional districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 72], "content_span": [73, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030217-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections, Early election dates\nIn 1894, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 75], "content_span": [76, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030218-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1894 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 6, 1894. Republicans picked up three Democratic-held districts and the lone Populist open seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030219-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida\nElections to the United States House of Representatives in Florida were held on November 6, 1894, for two seats in the 54th Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030219-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background\nIn the previous election, the Republican Party had not run any candidates in Florida, with the Democratic Party having been dominant in the state since 1884. A new party, the People's Party, also known as Populist Party, ran its first candidate that year as the only opposition to the Democrats. The Populists would continue to be the only opposition party to the Democrats in Florida's congressional elections in 1894 as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 76], "content_span": [77, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030219-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Election results\nStephen Mallory, Jr. did not seek renomination in the 1st district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 82], "content_span": [83, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030220-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district special election\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman William H. Brawley of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1891, resigned in 1894. A special election was called for April and it pitted two Democrats against each other because the South Carolina Democratic Party refused to organize a primary election. James F. Izlar defeated J. William Stokes in the special election to win the remainder of the term for the 53rd Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 116], "content_span": [117, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030220-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nThe 1st congressional district was redrawn in 1894 to cover much of the South Carolina Lowcountry. William Elliott defeated D.A.J. Sullivan in the Democratic primary and Republican challenger George W. Murray in the general election. However, Murray challenged the election and the Republican controlled Congress awarded him the seat from Elliott in 1896.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030220-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman W. Jasper Talbert of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1893, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030220-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Asbury Latimer of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1893, defeated Republican Robert Moorman in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030220-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman George W. Shell of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1891, declined to seek re-election. Stanyarne Wilson won the Democratic primary and defeated Republican Lawson D. Melton in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030220-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Thomas J. Strait of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1893, defeated David E. Finley in the Democratic primary and Republican G.G. Alexander in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030220-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John L. McLaurin of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1893, defeated Republican challenger J.P. Wilson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030220-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 7th congressional district\nThe 7th congressional district was redrawn in 1894 to include much of the lower central part of the state. J. William Stokes was nominated by the Democrats and defeated Republican T.B. Johnson in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030221-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 United States elections\nThe 1894 United States elections was held on November 6, and elected the members of the 54th United States Congress. These were mid-term elections during Democratic President Grover Cleveland's second term. The Republican landslide of 1894 marked a realigning election In American politics as the nation moved from the Third Party System that had focused on issues of civil war and reconstruction, and entered the Fourth Party System, known as the Progressive Era, which focused on middle class reforms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030221-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 United States elections\nThe Democrats suffered a landslide defeat in the House losing over 100 seats to the Republicans in the single largest swing in the history of the House. The Democrats also lost four seats in the Senate, thus resulting in the President's party completely losing control of both houses of Congress, the first time this ever happened in a midterm election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030221-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 United States elections\nThe Democratic Party losses can be traced largely to the Panic of 1893 and the ineffective party leadership of Cleveland. Republicans effectively used the issues of the tariff, bimetallism, and the Cuban War of Independence against Cleveland. The Democrats suffered huge defeats outside the South (almost ninety percent of Northeastern and Midwestern House Democrats lost re-election), and the Democratic Party underwent a major turnover in party leadership. With the defeat of many Bourbon Democrats, William Jennings Bryan took the party in a more populist direction starting with the 1896 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030222-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1894, in 28 states, concurrent with the House and Senate elections, on November 6, 1894 (except in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Maine, Oregon, Rhode Island and Vermont, which held early elections).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030222-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 United States gubernatorial elections\nIn New York, the governor was elected to a two-year term for the first time, instead of a three-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030223-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 University of Utah football team\nThe 1894 University of Utah football team was an American football team that represented the University of Utah during the 1894 college football season as an independent. Head coach Robert Harkness led the team to a 1\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030224-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 VAMC football team\nThe 1894 VAMC football team represented Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in the 1894 college football season. The team was led by their head coach Joseph Massie and finished with a record of four wins and one loss (4\u20131).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030224-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 VAMC football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1894 football team according to the roster published in the 1895 and 1903 editions of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030224-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 VAMC football team, Season summary, Emory and Henry\nVAMC played their first game of the year on October 20, 1894 against Emory and Henry College at their new athletic field, Sheib Field, in front of 400 spectators. VAMC won the toss and scored their first touchdown three minutes into the game, with VAMC halfback Harvey running into the end zone, with R. N. Watts missing the extra point. Harvey two more touchdowns in the second half, with Watts converts both extra points. Due to injuries to the Emory squad, the second half was not completed and VAMC won the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030224-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 VAMC football team, Season summary, Roanoke\nOn October 29, 1894, VAMC played its second game of the year, which was a win over Roanoke College, 36\u20130. The game was played in front of 500 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 48], "content_span": [49, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030224-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 VAMC football team, Season summary, St. Albans (first game)\nVAMC played St. Albans Boys Lutheran School on November 10, 1894 and won 42\u20130, which was then the most points scored against an opponent in Blacksburg. VAMC halfback Christopher Guignard recorded two eighty-yard runs during the game, who also scored three touchdowns. The other touchdowns were scored by T. D. Martin, N. R. Patrick, H. A. Johnson, and Harvey, with R. N. Watts converting seven extra points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030224-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 VAMC football team, Season summary, St. Albans (second game)\nOn November 17, 1894, VAMC played a second game against St. Albans in Radford, Virginia. The game was played in pouring rain and VAMC won 12\u20130, scoring a touchdown in both halves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 65], "content_span": [66, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030224-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 VAMC football team, Season summary, Virginia Military Institute\nVAMC played against Virginia Military Institute in Staunton, Virginia on November 29, 1894. The two teams were led to the grounds by the Stonewall Brigade Band. VAMC recorded their only loss of the season, losing 6\u201310. VMI quarterback Sidney Foster scored on an eighty-yard touchdown run. One report reads \"The Blacksburg team played brilliantly and had it not been for two rank decisions by the umpire and referee, the score would have been reversed.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 68], "content_span": [69, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030225-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 VFA season\nThe 1894 Victorian Football Association season was the 18th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Essendon Football Club by a margin of fourteen points, finishing with a record of 16 wins, 1 draw and 1 loss from 18 matches. It was Essendon's fourth consecutive premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030225-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 VFA season, Ladder\nFor the first time, all teams played a fixed number of premiership matches in the season, meaning that the 1888-1893 proportional points system was abolished. Prior to 1894, teams had played different numbers of matches, meaning their final records were adjusted to allow them to be ranked on an equivalent basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030226-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 VMI Keydets football team\nThe 1894 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in their fourth season of organized football. The Keydets compiled a 6\u20130 record, the first undefeated season in team history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030227-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1894 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University as an independent during the 1894 college football season. The team's head coach was Henry Worth Thornton, who only coached one season in that capacity at Vanderbilt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030227-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary\nThe season started 2-1 and in the third game of the season against the Louisville Athletic Club when bad officiating call's against Vanderbilt lead to team captain W. J. Keller to pull his team off the field before the game was over in the second half and result in an 8-10 loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030227-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Louisville Athletic Club\nThe game was away in Louisville with a crowd of over 500 persons. The Nashville American gave this report:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030227-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Louisville Athletic Club\n\"To say that the student body at Vanderbilt University were astonished at the news that their team had gone down in defeat before the Louisville Athletic Club Saturday is putting it mildly indeed. The Centre University team rolled up a score of 28-0 against Louisville Saturday before and Vanderbilt had beaten Centre College, considered the strongest team in Kentucky, by a score of 6-0. All this seemed to point with mathematical precision to the fact that Vanderbilt would have a walk-over. But, alast the ways of football are past finding out, and no man knows the result thereof.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030227-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Louisville Athletic Club\n\"It is no wonder then that the surprise was profound and the conjectures as to the cause as numerous as they were unsatisfactory. But as bits of news came in the mystery began to clear up. First it was learned that Capt. Keller was ill and did not play in the game. The loss of their general and strongest player was very demoralizing to the team, but it was nothing compared to the behavior of the umpire, the referee and the linesman. The Vanderbilt team found no trouble in skirting the Louisville Athletic Club's ends for gains of 15 and 20 yards, but were almost invariably called back and the ball given to the Louisville Athletic Club and gave Vanderbilt no chance.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030227-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Louisville Athletic Club\n\"In the second half Vanderbilt started with a rush and by a series of brilliant plays by Dortch, Gaines and Connell the ball was carried to Louisville Athletic Club's 12-yard line, but here the ball was given to Louisville Athletic Club on a foul. McDonald kicked 35 yards, but Vanderbilt lost the ball and 10 yards on a foul. Louisville Athletic Club then worked the ball up to the Vanderbilt 35-yard line where McDonald kicked it behind Vanderbilt's goal. It was brought out to the 25-yard line and Connell punted 40 yards. McDonald returned it 12 yards and Connell punted again for 60 yards. The ball was secured by Vanderbilt on the 8-yard line and Tuttle went through for the second touch-down. Connell missed the goal and the score was 8 to 0 in favor of Vanderbilt.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 856]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030227-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Louisville Athletic Club\n\"Only nine minutes were left in which to play. Connell kicked 50 yards from the center of the field, McDonald catching and returning 30 yards to Dortch. Gaines then went around left end for 5 yards, but was called back and the ball given to Louisville Athletic Club due to foul interference. The ball was then worked back to the five-yard line, and here Louisville Athletic Club was allowed to try for six downs, without gaining the necessary five yards and instead of surrendering the ball on third down as they should. On the seventh trial the ball was pushed out of bounds and behind the goal, the umpire declaring it a touch-down. The Vanderbilt team indignantly left the field, refusing to play out the remaining time. The goal was missed and the score was 10-8 in favor of Louisville Athletic Club.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 888]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030227-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Louisville Athletic Club\n\"For the above reasons he also declined to accept the final score as the result of the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030227-0007-0001", "contents": "1894 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Louisville Athletic Club\nThe decisions objected to on the grounds of injustice are specifically on the part of the linesman in prolonging the game beyond the agreed time, thus allowing the Louisville team to score an extra touch-down, to this they were not entitled; on the part of the referee in permitting the same team to have seven downs without advancing the ball five yards when they should have only been allowed three downs, and in granting the Louisville Athletic Club a touch-down when the ball was really shoved out of bounds before the goal-line was passed, and finally on the part of the umpire in disqualifying a Vanderbilt player whose only offense was defending himself from the brutal assault of an opponent.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030227-0008-0000", "contents": "1894 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Louisville Athletic Club\n\"In conclusion the Louisville Athletic Club followed the coach containing the Vanderbilt team several blocks, thereby going considerably out of their way for the express purpose of jeering a visiting team, one of whose members was seriously ill. Very respectfully, Henry W. Thornton.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030227-0009-0000", "contents": "1894 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Louisville Athletic Club\nVanderbilt went on to win the last 4 games to have a record of 7-1. This includes the first meeting of rivals Vanderbilt and Ole Miss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030228-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 4, 1894. Incumbent Republican Levi K. Fuller, per the \"Mountain Rule\", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Urban A. Woodbury defeated Democratic candidate George W. Smith to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030229-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Villanova Wildcats football team\nThe 1894 Villanova Wildcats football team represented Villanova University in the 1894 college football season. This was the first year in Villanova football's history and were led by head coach Mike Murphy. They finished the short season with a 1\u20130 record after defeating the Logan Athletic Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030230-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1894 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia in the 1894 college football season. Led by second-year coach Johnny Poe, the team went 8\u20132 and claims a Southern championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030231-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Wabash football team\nThe 1894 Wabash football team was an American football team that represented  Wabash College in the Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association (IIAA) during the 1894 college football season. In its first season under head coach A. Vernon Randall, Wabash compiled a 4\u20135 record, 2\u20133 in games against IIAA opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030232-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Waitemata by-election\nThe 1894 Waitemata by-election was a by-election held on 9 April 1894 during the 12th New Zealand Parliament in the rural North Island seat of the Waitemata.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030232-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Waitemata by-election\nThe contest was won by the independent conservative candidate William Massey. Massey somewhat narrowly beat the Liberal candidate Jackson Palmer recording only a 173-vote majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030232-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Waitemata by-election, Background\nThe seat was declared vacant when sitting MP Richard Monk had his election declared void. Opposition supporters in the Waitemata area sent a telegram to Massey asking him to stand in the by-election on their behalf. Massey was allegedly atop a haystack when the telegram arrived and it was passed up to him on a pitchfork. He decided to accept. Massey's nomination for the election also came under scrutiny, with a written objection being lodged against him on the alleged ground that one of the men who nominated him was not qualified to do so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030232-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Waitemata by-election, Background\nMassey's only opponent was Paeroa lawyer Jackson Palmer, an Independent Liberal, who had won the Waitemata seat previously, in the 1890 election. Fellow conservative Eden George also intended to stand, but ultimately withdrew from the contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030232-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Waitemata by-election, Results\nMonk won the electorate again in 1896, and retired in 1902. Massey stood successfully for Franklin in 1896 and was to stay in Parliament for the remaining 31 years of his life, serving as Prime Minister (1912\u201325). Palmer would later win the seat of Ohinemuri in the election of 1899.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030233-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Washington & Jefferson football team\nThe 1894 Washington & Jefferson football team was an American football team that represented Washington & Jefferson College as an independent during the 1894 college football season. Led by first-year head coach E. Gard Edwards, the team compiled a record of 5\u20132\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030234-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Washington Agricultural football team\nThe 1894 Washington Agricultural football team was an American football team that represented Washington Agricultural College during the 1894 college football season. The team was the first team to represent the school. The team competed as an independent under head coach William Goodyear and compiled a record of 1\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030234-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Washington Agricultural football team\nThe team's players included Henry Chittenden, John Clemens, Thomas Hardwick, Edward Kimmel, Fred W. Long, Frank Lowden, Milton McCroskey, Frank McReynolds, Floyd Moore, Walter Savage, and Joe Winston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030234-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Washington Agricultural football team\nIn October 1934, 40 years after the first Washington State football game, 12 of the players from the 1894 team and coach Goodyear were honored guests at Washington State's homecoming football game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030235-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Washington Senators season\nThe 1894 Washington Senators baseball team finished the season with a 45\u201387 record, eleventh place in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030235-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030235-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030235-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030235-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030235-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030236-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Washington football team\nThe 1894 Washington football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1894 college football season. In its first season under Charles Cobb, the Washington team compiled a 1\u20131\u20131 record and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 60 to 38. Ralph Nichols was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030237-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Wealdstone Urban District Council election\nThe 1894 Wealdstone Urban District Council election took place in December 1894 to elect members of Wealdstone Urban District Council in London, England. The council had been created under the Local Government Act 1894, and the whole council was up for election. Of the 12 members elected, 9 had been endorsed by an organisation known as the Ratepayers\u2019 Defence Association. Balk, who was elected, and Woodhead, who wasn't, received the endorsement of a public meeting of workmen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030238-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 West Virginia Mountaineers football team\nThe 1894 West Virginia Mountaineers football team represented West Virginia University during the 1894 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach F. William Rane, the Mountaineers compiled a 2\u20132 record and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 52 to 28. The team won its two home games against Mt. Pleasant (16\u20130) and Bethany (WV) (6\u20130) and lost its two road games against the Greensburg Athletic Association (0\u201336) and Marietta (6\u201316). George H. A. Kunst was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030239-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Western Australian colonial election\nElections were held in the Colony of Western Australia in June and July 1894 to elect 33 members to the Legislative Assembly. Less than half of the seats were contested and virtually all campaigns were fought on local issues, although a few candidates were endorsed by extraparliamentary organisations. The election presented no threat to the government of Sir John Forrest, but its aftermath saw the establishment of a credible opposition for the first time, led by George Randell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030239-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Western Australian colonial election, Campaign and results\nOnly 15 out of the 33 seats were contested at the election, although this represented an increase of four from the 1890 election. Five of the six seats in Perth and Fremantle were contested, the exception being South Fremantle, where Elias Solomon was returned unopposed. In Perth, the major campaign issue was education \u2013 in particular, whether Catholic schools should be funded by the state. Two extraparliamentary organisations were established on either side of the debate, with the Education Defence League (led by Thomas Molloy and Timothy Quinlan) in favour and the National Education League (led by George Randell) opposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 63], "content_span": [64, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030239-0001-0001", "contents": "1894 Western Australian colonial election, Campaign and results\nBoth leagues endorsed candidates in the three Perth electorates, with all three pro-Catholic candidates being defeated. In North Fremantle, one of the candidates, George Baker, was endorsed by the Progressive Political League (PPL), which was the political arm of the Trades and Labour Council (and a forerunner of the Labor Party). Other PPL members had been unable to meet the property qualifications necessary to stand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 63], "content_span": [64, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030239-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Western Australian colonial election, Aftermath\nAfter the election, George Randell was chosen as Leader of the Opposition, and had this status acknowledged by Forrest. Other prominent figures in the opposition were William Loton and George Leake, and there was much variation in the leadership of the opposition in the years leading up to the 1897 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 52], "content_span": [53, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030240-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Western Reserve football team\nThe 1894 Western Reserve football team represented Western Reserve University\u2014known as Case Western Reserve University\u2014in the American city of Cleveland, Ohio, during the 1894 college football season. The team's coach was Charles O. Jenkins and captain was Henry Scott Stewart. One notable player was Tug Wilson. Another member for the team was Charles N. Crosby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030240-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Western Reserve football team\nThe team outscored opponents by a combined 232\u20138, including defeating John Heisman's Oberlin Yeomen. The football rivalry against Case began with the first ever match up on Thanksgiving and the first time the game was played at League Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030241-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Western University of Pennsylvania football team\nThe 1894 Western University of Pennsylvania football team was an American football team that represented the Western University of Pennsylvania (now known as the University of Pittsburgh) as an independent during the 1894 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030241-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap\nThe 1894 football season for the Western University of Pennsylvania (WUP) was a short two-game affair. The forfeiture of the two football games the previous year and the desire of WUPs best players to play for a club team left the athletic department in somewhat of a chaotic mess. Their best player, Joe Trees, opted to play for the Pittsburgh Athletic Club. Neither the Athletic Association nor the Alumni Athletic Advisory Board made an effort to regenerate interest in Western University football for this season. The team compiled a 1\u20131 record and was outscored by a total of 44 to 6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 67], "content_span": [68, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030241-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap\nEdwin V. D. Johnston elucidated the troubles encountered during 1984 in an article in the February 16, 1921 Pitt Weekly:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 67], "content_span": [68, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030241-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap\n\"The financial affairs of the Association were in bad shape and the treasurer was unable to get sufficient funds to wipe out the $500 indebtedness. At a meeting of the Association Walter MacFarren was elected president and I was given the job of raising the $500. In the fall there were very few of the first or second teams (from 1893) who returned to college, partly on account of the financial crisis at that time. We decided to have a football team, however.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 67], "content_span": [68, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030241-0003-0001", "contents": "1894 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap\nThe leading spirit in keeping things from smashing entirely was Clifford B. Connelly, now commissioner of the Department of Labor of Pennsylvania. We did not have any money to buy equipment and it was hard to get a team together. In some cases we were compelled to fill up with boys who expected to come to W.U.P. later. I must say for that team, however, that weight, size and reputation made no difference to them and, to use the vulgar expression, they surely had the 'guts'.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 67], "content_span": [68, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030241-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Sewickley Athletic Club\nOn October 13, the first game of the 1894 season was played against the Sewickley Athletic Club in Sewickley, Pennsylvania. Early in the first half, WUP fullback Denniston scored a touchdown. Marchand kicked the goal after and the WUPs had a 6-0 lead. The rest of the game was mostly played in Sewickley's territory but the WUPs were unable to capitalize and score again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 97], "content_span": [98, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030241-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Sewickley Athletic Club\nThe WUP starting lineup for the Sewickley game was Frank Blessing (left end), L. Marchand (left tackle), Charles Murray (left guard), Kohne (center), Kelly (right guard), Grove (right tackle), Ned Johnston (right end), Morrow (quarterback), Charles Rankin (left halfback), George Neale (right halfback) and Radcliffe Denniston (fullback). This game consisted of 20-minute halves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 97], "content_span": [98, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030241-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Indiana Normal\nOn October 27, the WUPs traveled to Indiana, Pennsylvania to do battle with the Indiana Normal eleven. The game consisted of 30-minute halves. The WUPs were outweighed, out-manned and outplayed as they went down to defeat 44-0. Halfback Kinports led the Normal assault on the WUP defense. He was ably assisted by Reed, Campbell, Feit, and Noble. The only downside for the Normal eleven was when halfback Reed fractured his ankle and was carried from the field. Noble replaced him and promptly scored a touchdown. The WUP offense only had the ball twice and were unable to generate any type of sustained drive. Quarterback Frank Blessing led the WUPs in tackling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 88], "content_span": [89, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030241-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Indiana Normal\nThe WUP starting lineup for the game against Indiana Normal was Ned Johnston (left end), Morrow (left tackle), Hagerty (left guard), Rodenbaugh (center), W.A. McCaffrey (right guard), Grove (right tackle), Charles Murray (right end), Frank Blessing (quarterback), McCandless (left halfback), George Neale (left halfback) and Radcliffe Denniston (fullback). Smith substituted for Johnston at left end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 88], "content_span": [89, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030241-0008-0000", "contents": "1894 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Roster\nThe roster of the 1894 Western University of Pennsylvania football team:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 61], "content_span": [62, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030242-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 William & Mary Orange and White football team\nThe 1894 William & Mary football team represented the College of William & Mary during the 1894 college football season. In their only game of the 1894 season, Hampden\u2013Sydney beat the then-unnicknamed William & Mary for their football program's first ever win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030243-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Willoughby colonial by-election\nA by-election for the seat of Willoughby in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 30 November 1894 because Joseph Cullen (Free Trade) was forced to resign because he was bankrupt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030244-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1894 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 9 July until 18 July. It was the 18th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030244-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Gentlemen's Doubles\nHerbert Baddeley /  Wilfred Baddeley defeated  Harry Barlow /  C. H. Martin, 5\u20137, 7\u20135, 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 8\u20136", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030245-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Doubles\nHerbert Baddeley and Wilfred Baddeley defeated Harry Barlow and C. H. Martin 5\u20137, 7\u20135, 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 8\u20136 in the All Comers' Final to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1894 Wimbledon Championships. The reigning champions Joshua Pim and Frank Stoker did not defend their title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030246-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Gentlemen's Singles\nWilfred Baddeley defeated Ernest Lewis 6\u20130, 6\u20131, 6\u20130 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champion Joshua Pim defeated Baddeley 10\u20138, 6\u20132, 8\u20136 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1894 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030247-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Ladies' Singles\nBlanche Hillyard defeated Edith Austin 6\u20131, 6\u20131 in the All Comers' Final to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1894 Wimbledon Championships. The reigning champion Lottie Dod did not defend her title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030248-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Wisbech by-election\nThe 1894 Wisbech by-election was held on 3 April 1894 after the incumbent Liberal MP, Arthur Brand was appointed as Treasurer of the Household. The seat was retained won by Brand, although he would lose the seat again in the next year's general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030249-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1894 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1894 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030250-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030250-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor George Wilbur Peck was defeated by Republican nominee William H. Upham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030250-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Bibliography\nThis Wisconsin elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030251-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 World Allround Speed Skating Championships\nThe 1894 World Allround Speed Skating Championships took place at 10 and 11 February 1894 at the ice rink Saltsj\u00f6banen in Stockholm, Sweden. 19 skaters from six countries participated. It is the first World Allround Speed Skating Championships skated outside off Amsterdam. The Dutch skater Jaap Eden was the defending champion. No new champion was declared because none of the skaters won three distances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030251-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 World Allround Speed Skating Championships, Rules\nFour distances had to be skated: 500, 1500, 5000 and 10,000 m. One could earn the world title only by winning at least three of the four distances, otherwise the title would be vacant. The winner of the 500 and 1500 meter was decided by a skate off of the best four skaters of the distance. Silver and bronze medals were not awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030252-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe 1894 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming during the 1894 college football season. In its first season under head coach Justus F. Soule, a professor of Latin and Greek, the team compiled a perfect 3\u20130 record. In games against a Laramie town team, the Wilson Beauties, and the No. 5 Hose Company, the team outscored opponents by a total of 46 to 6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030252-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nFor the first of three consecutive years, Herbert J. Brees was the team captain. Brees was a native of Laramie who went on to a career in the United States Army. He retired from the Army in 1941 with the rank of lieutenant general.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030252-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nIt was not until 1895 that the team began intercollegiate play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030253-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Wyoming gubernatorial election\nThe 1894 Wyoming gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894. Democratic Governor John E. Osborne, first elected in the 1892 special election, declined to seek re-election to a second term, instead aiming to be elected to the U.S. Senate. In part because of a backlash against the Democratic Party owing to the Panic of 1893, Republicans won the governorship back from the Democrats, and would hold onto it until 1914.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030253-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Wyoming gubernatorial election, Party conventions\nThe Democratic Party nominated State Senator William H. Holliday to succeed Osborne, and adopted a free silver platform, favoring the coinage of silver at a ratio of 16 to 1. The Republican Party nominated William A. Richards, the Surveyor General for Wyoming and a former Johnson County Commissioner, by acclamation. Its platform concurred with the Democratic Party's on free silver coinage at the same ratio and \"refer[red] to the history of the past nineteen months as indicating the unfitness of democrats to rule the country[.] \"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030253-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Wyoming gubernatorial election, Party conventions\nMeanwhile, the Populist Party, which had fused with the Democratic Party in several past elections in Wyoming, declined to do so again in 1894, and nominated for Governor Lewis C. Tidball, who served as Speaker of the Wyoming House of Representatives from 1893-95 under the Democratic-Populist fusion majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030254-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Wyoming state elections\nA general election was held in the U.S. state of Wyoming on Tuesday, November 6, 1894. All of the state's executive officers\u2014the Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, and Superintendent of Public Instruction\u2014were up for election. The Republican Party, helped by the strong performance of the Populist Party, which operated as a spoiler to the Democratic Party, won back the governorship and improved its margin of victory in all other statewide offices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030254-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Wyoming state elections, Governor\nIncumbent Democratic Governor John E. Osborne, first elected in the 1892 special election, declined to run for a second term. Republican nominee William A. Richards, the Surveyor General of Wyoming, defeated State Senator William H. Holliday by a wide margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030254-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 Wyoming state elections, Secretary of State\nIncumbent Republican Secretary of State Amos W. Barber, who served as acting Governor for several years following the resignation of Governor Francis E. Warren, declined to run for re-election as Secretary of State. State Auditor Charles W. Burdick was nominated at the Republican convention to run as Barber's successor. He faced Democratic nominee Caleb P. Organ, a former member of the Territorial Council and the 1888 Democratic nominee for Congress from the Wyoming Territory's at-large congressional district, and Populist nominee David W. Elliott. Burdick handily defeated both.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030254-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 Wyoming state elections, Auditor\nIncumbent State Auditor Charles W. Burdick opted to run for Secretary of State rather than seeking a second term as Auditor. Republican William O. Owen, the former Albany County Surveyor, was nominated by the Republican convention as Burdick's successor. He faced Democratic nominee James M. Fenwick, the Clerk of the Second Judicial District Court, and Populist nominee John F. Pierce in the general election. Owen easily defeated both to win his first and only term as State Auditor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030254-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 Wyoming state elections, Treasurer\nIncumbent Republican Treasurer Otto Gramm was unable to seek re-election as Treasurer due to term limits, creating an open seat. Banker Henry G. Hay won the Republican nomination to succeed Gramm, George Bolin, a Douglas businessman, was nominated by the Democratic convention as Hay's opponent. Hay defeated both Bolin and Populist nominee Wilbur F. Williams in a landslide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030254-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 Wyoming state elections, Superintendent of Public Instruction\nRepublican Superintendent of Public Instruction Stephen Farwell declined to seek re-election, and Estelle Reel, the Laramie County Superintendent of Schools, was nominated as his successor by the Republican convention. Arthur J. Matthews, the superintendent of city schools in Rock Springs, was named by the Democratic convention as its candidate, and Sarah H. Rollman was nominated by the Populist Party. Reed defeated both by a sizable margin, becoming the first woman elected to statewide office in Wyoming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030255-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1894 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1894 college football season. The team finished with a 16\u20130 record and was retroactively named as the national champion by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, and National Championship Foundation, and as a co-national champion by Parke H. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030255-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe Bulldogs' 16\u20130 record would not be matched again at any level of college football until 125 years later with the  2019 North Dakota State Bison football team which won the 2019 FCS national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030256-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 Ystradyfodwg Urban District Council election\nThe 1894 Ystradyfodwg Urban District Council election was held in December 1894 and was the first election to the district council of Ystradyfodwg in the Rhondda Valley, Glamorgan, Wales. Three members were elected from each ward making a total of fifteen members on the authority. It was followed by the 1896 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030256-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 Ystradyfodwg Urban District Council election\nYstradyfodwg Urban District Council was renamed Rhondda Urban District Council in 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030257-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 and 1895 United States Senate elections\nThe United States Senate elections of 1894 and 1895 to the 54th Congress resulted in plurality control of the Senate by the Republican Party with Populist and Silver support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030257-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 and 1895 United States Senate elections\nAs these elections were prior to the ratification of the seventeenth amendment, senators were chosen by state legislatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030257-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 and 1895 United States Senate elections, Change in composition, Before the elections\nAt the beginning of 1894, including early elections in Mississippi and Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 89], "content_span": [90, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030257-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 and 1895 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 53rd Congress\nIn these elections, the winners were seated during 1894 or in 1895 before March 4; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 96], "content_span": [97, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030257-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 and 1895 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections leading to the 54th Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1895; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 100], "content_span": [101, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030257-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 and 1895 United States Senate elections, Louisiana\nInterim appointee Donelson Caffery (D) was elected May 14, 1894 to the next term. He was later (May 23, 1894) elected to finish the current term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030257-0006-0000", "contents": "1894 and 1895 United States Senate elections, Louisiana (Special, class 2)\nRandall L. Gibson (D) had been re-elected in 1889, but died December 15, 1892. Donelson Caffery (D) was appointed by the Governor of Louisiana December 31, 1892 to continue the term, pending a special election. On May 14, 1894 Caffery was elected to the next term, and on May 23, 1894 Caffery was elected to finish the current term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030257-0007-0000", "contents": "1894 and 1895 United States Senate elections, Louisiana (Special, class 3)\nEdward Douglass White (D) had been elected in 1891, but resigned March 12, 1894 when appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Newton C. Blanchard (D) was appointed by the Governor of Louisiana March 12, 1894 to continue the term, pending a special election. On May 23, 1894 Blanchard was elected to finish the current term, which would end March 3, 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030257-0008-0000", "contents": "1894 and 1895 United States Senate elections, Washington (Special)\nJohn B. Allen (R) had been elected in 1889 as one of the first senators from Washington. In 1893, however, the Washington State Legislature failed to elect a senator for the term beginning March 4, 1893. The governor appointed Allen to serve until March 20, 1893, but the Senate rejected his credentials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030257-0009-0000", "contents": "1894 and 1895 United States Senate elections, Washington (Special)\nJohn L. Wilson (R) was elected February 1, 1895 to finish the term, that would end March 3, 1899, taking his seat February 19, 1895.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030258-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 college football season\nThe 1894 college football season was the season of American football played among colleges and universities in the United States during the 1894\u201395 academic year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030258-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 college football season\nThe 1894 Yale Bulldogs football team compiled a perfect 16\u20130 record, outscored opponents by a total of 485 to 13, and has been recognized as the national champion by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, and National Championship Foundation, and as co-champion by Parke H. Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030258-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 college football season\nPenn also compiled a perfect record (12\u20130) and was recognized as the co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. Despite suffering losses to both Yale and Penn, Princeton was recognized as the national champion under the Houlgate System.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030258-0003-0000", "contents": "1894 college football season\nAll eleven players selected by Caspar Whitney and Walter Camp to the 1894 All-America college football team came from the Big Three (Princeton, Yale, and Harvard) or Penn. Six of the honorees have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame: halfback George Brooke, end Frank Hinkey (Yale), end Charlie Gelbert, tackle Langdon Lea (Princeton), guard Art Wheeler (Princeton), and guard Bill Hickok (Yale).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030258-0004-0000", "contents": "1894 college football season\nNew programs established in 1893 included Arkansas, Oregon, and Texas A&M.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030258-0005-0000", "contents": "1894 college football season\nOn November 29, college football was first played in the state of Florida by Stetson University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030259-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 in Argentine football\n1894 in Argentine football saw Lomas A.C. become the first team to retain the Primera Divisi\u00f3n championship. The runner-up was Rosario A.C., which made its debut at the tournament along with Retiro Athletic. Most of the results of the games and the goals scored information have been lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030259-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 in Argentine football\nThe English High School A.C. team dissolved so the team did not take part of the tournament although its players joined Lan\u00fas A.C. and Lobos A.C., which registered to the Association. St. Andrew's, the first Argentine champion, returned to the League. Buenos Aires and Rosario Railway left the tournament soon after it had started.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030260-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1894 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030261-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1894.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030261-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1894 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030261-0002-0000", "contents": "1894 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1894 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030262-0000-0000", "contents": "1894 in Australian soccer\nThe 1894 season was the eleventh season of competitive association football in Australia. There were two league competitions and two cup competitions fielded by Northern District British Football Association (Northern NSW) and the South British Football Soccer Association (New South Wales).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00030262-0001-0000", "contents": "1894 in Australian soccer, Cup competitions\n(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 43], "content_span": [44, 135]}}